Republican senators are privately crafting a health care bill, raising alarm from Democrats – PBS NewsHour

JUDY WOODRUFF: This is an important week for the fate of a bill designed to replace and potentially overhaul the health care law often referred to as Obamacare.

Republican senators are trying to finish drafting key portions of their own bill affecting coverage and costs. But Democrats say the entire battle over repealing the law is quite different from standard operating procedure, and not nearly transparent enough.

Lisa Desjardins looks at how its playing out in the Senate.

LISA DESJARDINS: Right now the debate over health care is red hot in Congress, but only behind closed doors, as Republicans privately try to craft a Senate bill.

And that is something Democrats, like Senator Claire McCaskill last week, have been raising publicly.

SEN. CLAIRE MCCASKILL, D-Mo.: We have no idea whats being proposed. Theres a group of guys in a backroom somewhere that are making these decisions. There were no hearings in the House. I mean, listen, this is hard to take, because I know we made mistakes on the Affordable Health Care Act, Mr. Secretary.

And one of the criticisms we got over and over again, that the vote was partisan. Well, you couldnt have a more partisan exercise than what youre engaged in right now. Were not even going to have a hearing on a bill that impacts one-sixth of our economy.

LISA DESJARDINS: McCaskill wants something called regular order. What is that? Well, it used to be the normal process. A bill goes through committee hearings, where experts and those affected by an issue ring in.

Then senators on the committee can vote to change the bill with amendments. And then, when a bill gets to the Senate floor, regular order means another chance to change it with amendment votes there too.

In 2009, with the Affordable Care Act, two Senate committees held three months of hearings and went through weeks of voting on amendments.

More recently, Senate Leader Mitch McConnell said he wanted regular order when Republicans took over in 2015.

SEN. MITCH MCCONNELL, Majority Leader: We need to open up, open up the legislative process in a way that allows more amendments from both sides.

LISA DESJARDINS: But thats not how Republicans so far have planned this health care debate. Again, in regular order, bills go through committees and amendment votes. Instead, this time around, Senate Republicans have indicated they may send their health care bill straight to the Senate floor with little, maybe no chance to amend it. And they have held no hearings on the bill so far.

Leading this process is Republican Senate Finance Chairman Orrin Hatch.

SEN. ORRIN HATCH, R-Utah: Well, I dont know that theres going to be another hearing, but we have invited you to participate.

LISA DESJARDINS: Who stressed to McCaskill that he wants Democratic ideas, if not more hearings and votes. But that differs from Hatch in 2009, when Republicans were the minority, and he thought Democrats were moving too fast on health care.

SEN. ORRIN HATCH: We at least ought to take the time to do this right.

LISA DESJARDINS: In the end, it took Democrats 14 months to pass their health care bill in 2009 and 2010. Thats why this moment is critical. The Senate will make or break health care reform. And Senate leaders, including Hatch, have said they want to pass a full health care bill by the end of this month. Thats just nine or 10 legislative days away.

For the PBS NewsHour, Im Lisa Desjardins.

See the article here:

Republican senators are privately crafting a health care bill, raising alarm from Democrats - PBS NewsHour

GOP senators may be willing to back health bill that funds Planned Parenthood – Fox News

Several Republican senators have indicated that they would be willing to support a health care bill that funds Planned Parenthood or some abortion services, Fox News has learned.

The GOP is worried that any bill to repeal and replace ObamaCare would have to be carefully structured to hold the support of moderate and conservative Republicans. However, the apparent concession by conservatives might give leadership more room to maneuver.

The pressure is on Senate Republicans to try to move a bill to repeal and replace ObamaCare before the Fourth of July recess. The House of Representatives passed its own bill, the American Health Care Act, last month.

Fox News has also learned that Senate GOP leaders have been sending policy proposals to the Congressional Budget Office for evaluation and scoring. However, a full bill was not expected to be presented at the weekly Republican luncheon Tuesday.

Senate Republicans are winnowing down policy options in an effort to get the necessary 51 votes to pass any health care legislation. Some believe any bill will only get 50 votes, necessitating a tie-breaking intervention by Vice President Mike Pence.

Meanwhile, the government said Monday thatabout 16 percent of consumers who signed up for coverage this year through Healthcare.gov and its state counterparts had canceled their plans by early spring.

Figures released from the Health and Human Services department show that 10.3 million people were signed up and paying their premiums as of March 15. That's 1.9 million fewer than the 12.2 million who initially signed up during open enrollment season, which ended Jan. 31.

In the first part of last year, the dropout rate was similar, about 13 percent. It increased as the year went on. Monthly enrollment averaged about 10 million people in 2016.

Some of the main reasons for dropping out include finding job-based insurance, problems paying premiums, and becoming eligible for Medicare.

A new analysis from HHS also found higher dropout rates in areas where insurers have left the program. About one-third of U.S. counties only had one participating insurer this year, and next year there may be areas with no available carrier.

The Trump administration said the numbers are a sign of continuing problems with Obamacare, such as sharp premium increases and the departure of some major insurers that suffered financial losses.Democrats have accused Trump of trying to "sabotage" Obama's signature domestic achievement

Fox News' Chad Pergram and Mike Emanuel contributed to this report. The Associated Press also contributed to this report.

Read more:

GOP senators may be willing to back health bill that funds Planned Parenthood - Fox News

Majority in Georgia 6th have unfavorable view of GOP healthcare bill: poll – The Hill

A majority of likely voters in Georgias sixth congressional district hold an unfavorable impression of the Republican plan to repeal and replace ObamaCare, according to a new poll by The Atlanta Journal-Constitution.

While 62 percent hold an unfavorable impression of the legislation, 25 percent have a favorable impression of the plan, the poll said. Thirteen percent did not know or did not provide an answer.

The results of the poll come with the district about a week away from going to the polls for the special election that has drawn both funds and attention throughout the country.

Republicans in the Senate have said a vote on the legislation could come in July.

Abt Associates conducted the poll from June 5 through June 8, surveying 1,000 registered voters. It has a margin of error of 4 percentage points.

Democrat Jon Ossoff and Republican Karen Handel will face off on June 20 in the special election for the seat vacated by Health and Human Services Secretary Tom Price.

See the article here:

Majority in Georgia 6th have unfavorable view of GOP healthcare bill: poll - The Hill

Promotion of health care execs could lift GE’s efforts in life sciences and health data – The Boston Globe

As Jeff Immelt (above), GEs outgoing chief executive, prepares to leave, he hands over a company with a health care division that is partnering with area hospitals.

General Electric Co. has been ramping up its activity in the states health care and life sciences sectors for several years. The rise of two health care-focused executives on GEs new leadership team could turbocharge its business in the booming fields.

Mondays announcement that the companys health care chief John Flannery was promoted to chief executive of GE, and the promotion of life sciences boss Kieran Murphy to head its health care operation, was cheered by those involved in Massachusetts medical, life sciences, and technology businesses.

Advertisement

Industry leaders said it would likely hasten GEs move to integrate health data with its medical devices and more important to local entrepreneurs boost the companys support of medical technology and health data startups.

This is a signal that theyre very serious about enhancing their medical technology business, said Tom Sommer, president of the Massachusetts Medical Device Industry Council, known as MassMEDIC, a business group representing more than 300 companies. GE will now have a front-row seat in scouting the next generation of medical technology companies.

Get Talking Points in your inbox:

An afternoon recap of the days most important business news, delivered weekdays.

Even before Mondays announcement, MassMEDIC had scheduled a networking reception next week to showcase efforts by GE Ventures, the companys venture-capital arm, to finance startups. The event is expected to draw hardware and software entrepreneurs involved in the digitization of medical gear, where GE and other companies add features to traditional medical imaging and diagnostic equipment to store, analyze, and transport patient data.

The market is changing so much, said Maria Shepherd, president of Medi-Vantage LLC, a medical technology consulting and strategy firm in Lincoln. Its all about improving clinical outcomes and reducing costs. Having [GE] here in Boston makes them local, so theyll get to know the local entrepreneurs.

But industry veteran Jonathan Fleming, chief executive of Cambridge drug developer Q-State Biosciences Inc., sounded a note of caution. GEs health care business faces many obstacles, he said, including moves by health insurers to reduce payments for overused imaging tests.

Advertisement

GE is going to be continually challenged in growing its health care business, Fleming warned.

Flannery, who is set to assume the top job at GE in August, has led GE Healthcare since 2014. Its a sprawling business with about 55,000 employees and $18 billion in annual revenue. The division sells critical equipment and technology used by hospitals around the world including MRI and ultrasound machines, ventilators, patient monitors, blood pressure cuffs, and incubators for newborns. It also makes equipment for research labs.

Christopher Anderson, president of the Mass High Technology Council, said Flannery has all of the global experience and is totally focused on innovative tech.

Hell be able to fit right into a number of other successful tech [companies] who have their headquarters in Massachusetts and fit into the global market, he said.

GE has prioritized recruiting in the region, targeting software developers and other digital talent as it seeks to modernize its traditional heavy-machinery businesses with new software and technology, a transformation to what it calls the Industrial Internet.

The corporation has also become an investor in the Boston areas startup scene. GE Ventures owns parts of companies including Catalant, Desktop Metal, Tamr, and Rethink Robotics.

Jeff Bussgang, a general partner at Boston-based venture capital firm Flybridge Capital Partners, said Flannerys background could be a particular asset given Boston is a center of medical and biotech research.

I assume he is equally committed to Boston and the fact that hes a health care executive, which is in our regions wheelhouse, strikes me as a very good thing, Bussgang said.

The company has been pushing to expand in health care technology, in part by teaming up with Boston-based hospitals to develop new software programs. Last month, GE and Partners HealthCare the parent company of Massachusetts General and Brigham and Womens hospitals launched a 10-year initiative on artificial intelligence.

GE and Partners plan to build software targeting several aspects of medical care, starting with programs that can help doctors read medical images more accurately. They want to develop an open platform that can house hundreds of different applications. Flannery told reporters in May that he considers data and analytics and machine learning the future of health care.

The company is also developing software with experts at Boston Childrens Hospital.

Though GEs health care business is headquartered in Chicago, Flannery is a familiar name in Bostons medical and tech industries.

John has been highly engaged in getting to know the Boston health care community and the opportunities and challenges that exist within the industry, Brigham and Womens president Dr. Betsy Nabel said in a statement.

Childrens Hospital chief executive Sandra Fenwick said Flannerys background in digital health and life sciences will serve him well.

Our collaboration with GE Healthcare, established under John Flannerys leadership, continues to make progress, Fenwick said in a statement. His elevation to CEO should keep our work moving forward.

GEs decision last year to move its headquarters to Boston, plus the promotion of its top health care executive, means the company likely wants to stay focused on health care, said Jonathan P. Gertler, a life sciences industry consultant.

I cant imagine theyve appointed the person who ran GE Healthcare to the top position in order to take their eye off health care, said Gertler, chief executive of Back Bay Life Science Advisors.

Massachusetts has welcomed the growth of GEs presence in health care here. A year ago, Governor Charlie Baker and other state officials joined Murphy, then president of the GE Healthcare Life Sciences business unit, for the opening of a new $27 million, 210,000-square-foot site in Marlborough as North American headquarters for the life sciences business.

That part of the company markets products such as bioreactors used for drug manufacturing and contrast agents for medical imaging, and is the fastest-growing part of the GE Healthcare division, which Murphy will now head. It is leading the companys push into precision medicine, enabling the small-scale production of personalized treatments for genetic diseases.

Like Flannery, Murphy is already well known to many locally. Some say the pair, with Flannerys background in finance and Murphys in science, has complementary skill sets.

These are people with vision, said Lexington health care consultant Harry Glorikian, a former entrepreneur in residence at GE Ventures who knows both executives. Both of them have a positive disposition toward looking at new ideas and supporting them. This bodes well for the health care and life sciences side of the business. And I think theyre going to take a major role in Massachusetts.

Continued here:

Promotion of health care execs could lift GE's efforts in life sciences and health data - The Boston Globe

Healthcare questions dominate Sen. Dan Sullivan town hall – Alaska Public Radio Network

Senator Dan Sullivan speaks to public in Afognak building on Near Island, Kodiak. Kayla Desroches/KMXT

Republican Senator Dan Sullivan held a town hall in the city of Kodiak Saturday and attracted a sizable crowd. He dedicated the bulk of the meeting to the publics questions, and most focused on healthcare.

Listen now

One commenter, Mike Milligan, said the United States has a health care system based on money.

He connected his statement to Sullivans support of putting outside funds into political campaigns.

Other people have a healthcare system based on health and you have been a consistent supporter of [the] Citizens United [Supreme Court] decision, which keeps money in politics, Milligan said. How can you address this money associated with healthcare delivery when youre such an ardent supporter of Citizens United?

In response, Sullivan told a story about a woman who approached him and his family at dinner. The person said she and her husband were paying $3,000 dollars a month under the affordable care act with a $10,000 dollar deductible.

Come on, thats $33,000 dollars before you get any coverage, Sullivan said. Thats completely unaffordable. So, its complex, its very personal, as you mention Mike. I get it. And thats why weve been trying to meet with everybody.

Sullivan said theyre working towards reform for the state.

Scattered among the many comments on health care were several about protecting fisheries resources.

Gina Friccero referred to an incident in 2014 where a massive flow of mining waste in Canada escaped into lakes that served as spawning grounds for sockeye salmon.

The residents of the great state of Alaska have made it clear across party lines that we do not want to put the salmon habitat at risk, Friccero said. After the failure of Mount Polley mine, it is obvious that there is no viable way to protect our watershed from the pollution caused by mining. We ask that you make us a priority and stand against mining in any area that threatens the ecology of salmon habitat.

Sullivan said he believes in responsible resource development and transparency. He discussed the ongoing issue of Pebble Mine in the Bristol Bay watershed. The Environmental Protection Agency recently settled a lawsuit with the Pebble Limited Partnership that allows the company to apply for a federal permit for a mine in the area.

If that mine ever goes to permitting, which its not at permitting at all yet state, federal permitting it has to meet the highest standards, Sullivan said. And we shouldnt trade one resource for another. We already know we have great resources, as you mentioned, in Bristol Bay.

He said the permitting process should be fair.

At the town hall, Sullivan also spoke about some of the bills hes started or contributed to, including one to bolster missile defense and another to encourage new entrants into the fishing industry and provide training for young fishermen.

See more here:

Healthcare questions dominate Sen. Dan Sullivan town hall - Alaska Public Radio Network

HealthCare.gov dropout trend continues under Trump – ABC News

Continuing a dropout trend seen in the Obama years, about 16 percent of consumers who signed up for coverage this year through public health insurance markets had canceled their plans by early spring, the government said Monday.

Figures released from the Health and Human Services department show that 10.3 million people were signed up and paying their premiums as of March 15. That's 1.9 million fewer than the 12.2 million who initially signed up during open enrollment season, which ended Jan. 31.

Created by Obama's Affordable Care Act, HealthCare.gov and its state counterparts offer subsidized private health insurance to people who don't have coverage through their jobs. The latest numbers seem to reflect the usual ups and downs of the program, more than the heated political debate over its future.

The Trump administration said the numbers are a sign of continuing problems with "Obamacare," such as sharp premium increases and the departure of some major insurers that suffered financial losses. President Donald Trump has declared the program "dead," and he's trying to replace it with a Republican plan that's currently even less popular in public opinion polls.

Meanwhile, Democrats are accusing Trump of trying to "sabotage" Obama's main domestic achievement, which has been credited with reducing the U.S. uninsured rate to a historic low of about 9 percent. With Republicans in full control of government, this year could bring the unwinding of Obama's law.

But independent analysts say the new numbers are no big surprise.

"The dropout rate is very similar to last year, with some people failing to pay their premiums or finding alternative coverage after signing up during open enrollment," said Larry Levitt of the nonpartisan Kaiser Family Foundation. "What's new here is a new administration spinning numbers in a very different way from the last one."

In previous years many people who initially signed up also wound up dropping out, for a variety of reasons.

In the first part of last year, the dropout rate was similar, about 13 percent. It increased as the year went on. Monthly enrollment averaged about 10 million people in 2016.

Some of the main reasons for dropping out include finding job-based insurance, problems paying premiums, and becoming eligible for Medicare.

A new analysis from HHS also found higher dropout rates in areas where insurers have left the program. About one-third of U.S. counties only had one participating insurer this year, and next year there may be areas with no available carrier.

The dropout rate was a sore spot for the Obama administration, which updated the numbers only a few times a year. The Trump administration says it will provide more frequent updates.

Link:

HealthCare.gov dropout trend continues under Trump - ABC News

AARP targets more Republicans in new healthcare ad buy – Washington Examiner

AARP is targeting 11 GOP senators, including key centrists, to oppose the House-passed healthcare bill that would raise premiums for seniors.

The ad campaign expands a May effort that ran ads targeting five senators, calling for the House-passed American Health Care Act to be scrapped. The expansion comes at a pivotal time as Senate leadership hopes to vote on a healthcare bill by the end of July.

AARP is targeting Sens. Lisa Murkowski and Dan Sullivan of Alaska, Jeff Flake of Arizona, Cory Gardner of Colorado, Joni Ernest and Chuck Grassley of Iowa, Dean Heller of Nevada, Rob Portman of Ohio, Lamar Alexander and Bob Corker of Tennessee, and Shelley Moore Capito of West Virginia.

The list includes some key centrists who will be critical to the GOP leadership's hopes of passing its own version of the American Health Care Act before Congress' August recess.

Heller and Flake are up for re-election in 2018. Heller, Portman and Capito are pushing leadership for a seven-year phaseout of Obamacare's Medicaid expansion.

AARP, the nation's biggest seniors lobby, has been opposed to the American Health Care Act for some time, angry over a proposed change to premiums for senior citizens in insurance plans on the individual market.

Obamacare allowed insurers to charge seniors three times the amount they charge a younger person. The American Health Care Act would increase that to five times.

"Our members and other Americans over age 50 are very worried about legislation that would raise their premiums through what is, in effect, an age tax," said AARP Executive Vice President Nancy LeaMond.

It is not clear what pieces of the legislation the Senate will keep, including the age-rating ratio.

AARP also derided problems with Medicaid and hurting "protections for people with pre-existing conditions."

A controversial last-minute amendment to the legislation, which passed the House last month by a 217-213 vote, let states opt out of community rating mandate. States could get a waiver that would let insurers charge sicker people more money.

House Republicans say that $23 billion included in the legislation for high-risk pools could help offset any increases. A recent estimate from the Congressional Budget Office said that money wasn't enough to offset major increases for people with pre-existing conditions such as cancer or diabetes.

Continue reading here:

AARP targets more Republicans in new healthcare ad buy - Washington Examiner

Healthcare: Are you prepared to trade privacy for treatment? – CSO Online

Thank you

Your message has been sent.

There was an error emailing this page.

What does the U.S. and the U.K. have in common when it comes to healthcare? Their healthcare sector continues to be under siege, and renewed efforts need to be made to lift the level of focus on protecting patient information. It is as if a Sword of Damocles hangs over this sector.

As asinine as it sounds, we may have finally reached the tipping point where patients are now accepting, by default, their information will be at risk when they accept medical care?

Government entities, one in the U.S. and another in the U.K. recently issued reports on the state of affairs within the healthcare sector. The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) Health Care Industry Cybersecurity Task Force issued itsfirst report to Congress, and the HHS Office of Inspector General (IG) submitted its semi-annual report to Congress. In the U.K., the Information Commissioners office (ICO) released its data protections and concerns report. The content demonstrates how the issues being faced on the IT side of the healthcare equation know no borders.

The HHS Task Force recognized how vulnerable the sector is with its observation: "Over the next few years, most machinery and technology involved in patient care will connect to the internet; however, a majority of this equipment was not originally intended to be internet accessible nor designed to resist cyber attacks."

The HHS Task Force recognizes that a cultural change is required if cybersecurity and patient privacy are to be kept from "digitally sourced harm"a fancy way of saying being affected by a breach.

Interestingly, the HHS IG report highlights as areas of concern enhancing safety and quality care, efficiency of operations, reducing fraud and improper payments, and improving "data integrity and information security." The HHS IG recognizes the bang that can be acquired via implementing big data analytics to the fraud equation as a means to detect and prevent improper payments. Similarly, the HHS IG identifies "penetration testing" as its area of focus.

While across the pond in the U.K., the ICO notes the 31.5 percent increase in the number of self-reported incidents of data mishandling in the healthcare sector. The report also identifies with specificity that care homes (known in the U.S. as assisted living or nursing homes) continually avoid responding to IOC's requests. The Register notes how data breaches within the health sector accounted for 43 percent of all data breaches in the UK.

What is not surprising is the amount of breaches across both the U.S. and U.K. that are caused by human error. Sharing patient information in press releases or presentations is a self-inflicted wound. Copying data in a clear-text state to a storage medium, again a self-inflicted wound. Throwingpatient files awayvia normal garbage disposal methods instead of destroying patient data, again a self-inflicted wound. The recent WannaCry crisis brought the U.K.'s health service to its knees was also a self-inflicted wound because they continued to use Window XP machines (an operating system that was end-of-life in April 2014). And of course, the "clicking" of links within emails that serve as the hook-setting event for some of the larger breaches, a lack of awareness by the insider.

Patients need to be asking, "How is my data being protected?" The U.K., interestingly enough, has provided via the ICO a means for an individual to check if their information is being handled correctly.

It's up to you. Are you prepared to trade your privacy for treatment? Hold your healthcare providers accountable for how they handle your information.

Christopher Burgess is an advocate for effective security strategies, be they at the office or home for you and your family. Christopher, served 30+ years within the Central Intelligence Agency. He co-authored the book Secrets Stolen, Fortunes Lost, Preventing Intellectual Property Theft and Economic Espionage in the 21st Century.

Sponsored Links

See the article here:

Healthcare: Are you prepared to trade privacy for treatment? - CSO Online

NIAID scientists discover rare genetic susceptibility to common cold … – National Institutes of Health (press release)


National Institutes of Health (press release)
NIAID scientists discover rare genetic susceptibility to common cold ...
National Institutes of Health (press release)
Scientists have identified a rare genetic mutation that results in a markedly increased susceptibility to infection by human rhinoviruses (HRVs) the main ...

and more »

See the rest here:

NIAID scientists discover rare genetic susceptibility to common cold ... - National Institutes of Health (press release)

Controversial CRISPR paper blasted by gene-editing companies … – Genetic Literacy Project

Two gene-editing companies are hitting back at a scientific publication that caused their stocks to plummet, calling it wrong, filled with errors, and saying it shouldnt have been published.

In separate letters sent to Nature Methods, scientists from Intellia Therapeutics and Editas Medicine criticized a report in the journal that claimed the gene-editing tool CRISPR had caused unexpected mutations in the genomes of mice and which cast a shadow over efforts to initiate human studies using the technique.

A spokesperson at Springer Nature, which publishes Nature Methods, said the organization had received a number of communications already about the paper. We are carefully considering all concerns that have been raised with us and are discussing them with the authors, the journal said.

On Twitter and elsewhere, other scientists quickly pointed out basic mistakes in the paper, including misidentifying genes, the small number of animals involved and, most seriously, that it had mislabeled normal genetic differences between animals as the result of CRISPR editing.

In our opinion the conclusions drawn from this study are unsubstantiated by the disclosed experiments, wrote Vic Myer, chief technology officer of Editas, in a letter signed by 11 other company scientists.

The GLP aggregated and excerpted this blog/article to reflect the diversity of news, opinion, and analysis. Read full, original post:Gene Editing Companies Hit Back at Paper That Criticized CRISPR

Read the original:

Controversial CRISPR paper blasted by gene-editing companies ... - Genetic Literacy Project

Rare Genetic Mutation Makes People Prone to Colds – Live Science

The case of a young girl who frequently got sick from colds has helped scientists pinpoint a rare genetic mutation that makes people more susceptible to cold viruses.

The 5-year-old girl has suffered numerous life-threatening infections from human rhinoviruses, which cause the common cold, according to a new report. When she was just over 1 month old, she developed an infection with both a rhinovirus and a flu virus, and had to be placed on a ventilator so she could breathe. Since then, she has been hospitalized more than 15 times with various respiratory infections, including colds, the flu and bacterial pneumonia, according to the report, from researchers at the U.S. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID).

Because of these frequent infections, her doctors suspected her immune system was not functioning properly, and they sequenced her genome to see if they could find a genetic explanation for her symptoms. [27 Oddest Medical Cases]

They found she had a mutation in a gene called IFIH1, which is involved in the production of immune- system proteins called MDA5. Normally, MDA5 proteins help detect the presence of viruses inside cells and signal the activation of other immune-system proteins to fight the infection, the researchers said.

But in earlier studies in mice, scientists had found that animals that lack working MDA5 proteins could not detect certain viruses and were thus not able to activate an immune response against these viruses.

In the new study, the researchers found that the girl's MDA5 proteins did not recognize rhinoviruses. This meant that rhinoviruses could continue replicating at high levels and lead to severe illness. The researchers concluded the working MDA5 proteins are critical to protecting people from rhinoviruses.

"The human immune response to common cold viruses is poorly understood," Dr. Anthony Fauci, director of the NIAID, said in a statement. "By investigating this unique case, our researchers not only helped this child but also helped answer some important scientific questions about these ubiquitous infections that affect nearly everyone."

The researchers also turned to a database containing information from the genomes of more than 60,000 people to see whether there were other cases of health problems related the IFIH1 gene. They found several different mutations in the IFIH1 gene that could lead to less effective MDA5 proteins, although these mutations were rare.

In addition, most people with these IFIH1 mutations lived normal life spans (the earliest death was at age 81), and they had healthy children. The researchers suspect that these people may have had other genetic factors that compensated for their improperly working MDA5 proteins and kept them from catching life-threatening colds; or they survived despite experiencing frequent colds, but did not report those colds.

Although most people who get sick with a cold recover without a doctor's visit, some people can experience serious complications from colds, particularly if they have asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or other health problems, the researchers said. The findings may one day lead to new ways to treat patients with severe illness from rhinoviruses who also have MDA5 proteins that aren't working properly, they said.

"When people have other disease factors, [rhinovirus] infection can become a tipping point and lead to severe illness, disability or even death," said study co-author Dr. Helen Su, chief of the Human Immunological Diseases Unit at NIAID. "Now that we better understand the pathway, we can investigate more targeted ways to intervene" in these cases.

The girl in the current study survived numerous respiratory infections, but still needs treatment with supplemental oxygen, the report said. Although her genetic mutation appears to increase the risk of rhinovirus infections only, other factors, such as lung injury, also might have increased her susceptibility to other respiratory viruses, including flu viruses, the researchers said.

The girl's health improved as her immune system matured and she was able to form antibodies against various viruses, which protect against infection. These antibodies partly helped to compensate for the defective MDA5 response, the researchers said.

The study was published today (June 12) in the Journal of Experimental Medicine.

Original article on Live Science.

View post:

Rare Genetic Mutation Makes People Prone to Colds - Live Science

How precision medicine can fix a broken healthcare system – Healthcare IT News

BOSTON Hospitals, networks and the federal government can use precision medicine to drive expenses out of the system, better understand disease and prevent people from getting sick in the first place.

We have a broken healthcare systems and were hoping precision health can help reduce costs, said Megan Mahoney, MD, chief of general primary care in the Division of Primary Care and Population Health at Stanford University, said Monday at the Precision Medicine Summit.

[Also:Widespread precision medicine is still years away, experts say]

Penn Medicine Associate Vice President Brian Wells agreed. We think we can reduce costs, Wells said. At Penn we can shorten the time to a good outcome for the patients.

Mahoney pointed, for example, to the ability to identify predictors of disease and move that upstream to advance disease prevention as just one example.

That is an enormous opportunity right now, according to Nephi Walton, a biomedical informaticist and genetics fellow at the Washington University School of Medicine.

[Also:Eric Dishman wants precision medicine to move from personal to universal]

Every single day without exception we are discovering a new genetic disease, Walton said. Beyond knowing the diseases, how to manage them is a huge task, a huge amount of information gathering.

And todays crop of electronic health records are not ready for that, Walton said.

In order to do precision medicine you need all the patients data in a common repository, said Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center CIO John Halamka, MD.

Beth Israel, for instance, has 26 different EHRs across 450 sites of care, so Halamka said that it uses a common data repository for precision medicine work instead of the electronic health record.

Stanford, for its part, undertook a primary care transformation initiative as part of its precision medicine work to move away from a traditional, transactional, catastrophe-based model toward a team-based approach where responsibility is distributed across a physician, an advanced practice provider and four care coordinators, Mahoney said.

The biggest issue we see in primary care is burnout 50 percent of employees experience it, Mahoney said. Precision health can help shift away from the in-person visit to what is more patient-centered and, Id argue, more provider-centered. This has really freed up the providers and given the joy of practice back to doctors.

Twitter:SullyHIT Email the writer: tom.sullivan@himssmedia.com

Like Healthcare IT News on Facebook and LinkedIn

Read the rest here:

How precision medicine can fix a broken healthcare system - Healthcare IT News

Minister: 23 million genetic database would help save on healthcare costs – ERR News

A person's DNA at the Estonian Genome Center in Tartu.

Ossinovski said that developing a decision support system in personal medicine bringing together residents' genetic information and medical histories could be done in 10 years.

"Adding information about the whole population of Estonia to the genetic database would cost approximately 23 million, which is a negligible amount of money compared to the 1 billion we spend to finance medicine annually," Ossinovski said at a roundtable on the future of the Estonian healthcare system organized by the American Chamber of Commerce.

According to the health minister, if genetic information is combined with ten-year medical histories that the healthcare system already has and the necessary tools are created for doctors and the healthcare system to assess risks and offer better, more personalized service, this would be more cot-effective than the current healthcare system.

"The Genome Center has found that we have a high percentage of people suffering from hypertension just like every other society, but the drug that they use does not work on approximately ten percent of people as DNA analysis has revealed that their body produces a certain protein which makes this drug useless," Ossinovski offered as an example.

"Nationwide campaigns for testing for breast cancer that we currently have almost never find anything before it is too late," he also noted. "We are spending money and time to tet all women, although 90 percent of them have no risk of breast cancer and do not need testing. And in the people who do have a risk of breast cancer, it is detected too late."

Instead of this, the minister continued, it would be possible to determine with a test at birth already whether they run the risk of getting breast cancer when they are older. "And that information can be used in order for people to get better services and the system to be more cost-effective," Ossinovski added.

See the original post here:

Minister: 23 million genetic database would help save on healthcare costs - ERR News

Genetic engineering boosts immunity against crop disease – Daily Nation

= By ANGELA OKETCH More by this Author 11 hoursago

The chemicals that farmers spray on their crops in form of pesticides to kill pests and prevent diseases have always been a bone of contention, with researchers trying to find safer alternatives. A new variety of rice that fights multiple pathogens with no effect on the yield of the crop, is thus a welcome relief for both farmers and scientists.

The discovery is based on a study of the plants immune system. Plants use receptors on the outside of their cells to identify molecules that signal a microbial invasion, and respond by releasing antimicrobial compounds. Therefore, identifying genes that kickstart this immune response yields disease-resistant plants.

Just like sick humans who are unproductive at work, plants grow poorly and produce unfavourable yields when their immune systems are overloaded. For a long time, scientists have focused on the NPR1 gene from a small, woody plant called Arabidopsis thaliana, to boost the immune systems of rice, wheat, tomatoes and apples.

However, NPR1 is not very useful for agriculture because it has negative effects on plants. To make it useful, researchers needed a better gene that would activate the immune response only when the plant is under attack. Rice with the gene was able to combat rice blast which often causes an estimated 30 per cent loss of rice crop worldwide, every year.

A segment of DNA called the TBF1 cassette acted as a control switch for the plants immune response. When the TBF1 cassette from the Arabidopsis genome was copied and pasted alongside and in front of the NPR1 gene in rice plants, it resulted in a strain of rice that could fend off offending pathogens without causing stunted growth seen in previously engineered crops.

The researchers tested the superiority of engineered rice over regular rice by inoculating crop leaves with the bacterial pathogens that cause rice blight and leaf streak, as well as the fungus responsible for blast disease. Whereas the infections spread on the leaves of wild rice plants, the engineered plants confined the invaders to a small area.

The researchers say this innovation could come in handy in the developing world where farmers with no access to fungicide often lose their entire crop to disease. The study was published in Nature.

open close

Follow this link:

Genetic engineering boosts immunity against crop disease - Daily Nation

A new wave of gene therapies ready to hit US shores – BioPharma Dive

Gene therapy has finally made it over the hump.

After decades of research and some devastating setbacks, major technical hurdles have been overcome, opening up the long-anticipated promise of this field. A new approval has buoyed interest, pipelines are bubbling with new candidates and big investments are being made.

Two gene therapies have hit the European market and the first is expected to hit the U.S. market as early as next year. Beyond that, there is a growing pipeline rapidly coming forward.

All this is fueling high hopes of actual cures for previously incurable diseases and big profits. So whats the rub?

The first ever approved gene therapy was Shenzhen SiBiono GenTechs Gendicine, a recombinant Ad-p53 gene therapy for head and neck cancer, which launched in China in 2004. But it was Glybera's (alipogene tiparvovec) approval in fall 2012 that sparked investor interest in gene therapy. For a while that drug reigned as the most expensive treatment in history, costing more than $1 million per patient.

Glybera turned out to be a disappointment due to the high price tag. The drug restores lipoprotein lipase enzyme activity in patients with LPL deficiency (an ultra rare disease), but the drug comes with the severe side effect of pancreatitis. After use by only one patient and five years on the European market, maker uniQure chose not to seek renewal of its European approval this fall and is not pursuing U.S. approval.

Despite the failure of Glybera, GlaxoSmithKlines Strimvelis has further fueled investor interest with its approval in Europe in May 2016.

Strimvelis treats severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) due to adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency. It is estimated that about a couple dozen children per year are diagnosed with ADA-SCID in the U.S. and Europe combined. One year on the market, the British pharma has confirmed that one patient has been treated with the drug. "A patient has been treated with Strimvelis and others have been referred and are currently being assessed for eligibility to receive the drug," GSK spokesperson Anna Padula told BioPharma Dive.

After the Glybera debacle, GSKs experience with Strimvelis will be telling, but there are also some up-and-coming gene therapies that may teach us more.

Gene therapy was originally regarded as one of those "no-brainer"approaches to curing genetically caused diseases. After all, if the DNA is broken, why not just fix it? Unfortunately, it turned out to be much more complicated.

Many of the challenges are around how new DNA is incorporated. One choice is to inject a viral vector attached to a payload that naturally integrates its genetic material into that of the patients. The other choice is to remove the patients cells, modify them, and return them, a process known as ex vivo therapy.

One of the early fears was that DNA would incorporate in the wrong place thereby not fixing the error, as well as creating a new one. That turned out to be a real worry with some of the first vectors, reinforced by early gene therapy treatments for SCIDS that led to T-cell leukemia in some treated boys. At least one of those boys died from the cancer they developed.

Further, there was the tragedy of Jesse Gelsingers death at the University of Pennsylvanias Institute of Human Gene Therapy in 1999. Eighteen-year-old Gelsinger was taking part in a trial aimed at treating ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency, but just days after receiving the therapy he died of massive organ failure, likely sparked by an immune reaction to the adeno-viral vector used.

Then there were treatments that just didnt work. Avigens gene therapy worked well in animals, producing adequate Factor IX levels for several years in models of hemophilia. But in clinical trials, only one patient responded, and that response lasted only four weeks. The patient, as one observer noted, had "touched the rainbow" only to watch it fade from view.

Beyond efficacy, manufacturing is still a challenge. "But we are getting better at that and in the selection of indications," said Scott Burger, principal at Advanced Cell and Gene Therapy. Because gene therapy is such a young field, Burger noted that "long-term monitoring of patients will be key." The boys who developed leukemia in the early SCID trial were all diagnosed a couple of years after treatment.

Every field has its ups and downs, but these tragic events left gene therapy with tremendous baggage. Still, some dogged proponents have soldiered on, and the news now more than a decade later seems to be getting a lot better.

"A new generation of vectors have dramatically improved the prospects for this field," said Geoff MacKay, President and CEO of AvroBio. "There are now hundreds of gene therapies that are in trials and many of them are a one time cure."

News about promising gene therapies in the clinic is sprouting up all the time.

BioMarin has a gene therapy for hemophilia A in Phase 2b. "We are far ahead in the development process and could potentially market the first gene therapy for this condition," said company spokesperson Debra Charlesworth. "The physician and patient community will be looking for strong clinical data," she added. "In addition we have commissioned a gene therapy manufacturing facility that will come online in the middle of this year."

GSK has a license to develop multiple new gene therapies with Fondazione Telethon and Ospedale San Raffaele, the same groups that helped produce Strimvelis. The agreement covers six additional treatments, including one for metachromatic leukodystrophy and one for Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome. Padula reports that both of these are in clinical trials.

The next wave of gene therapies will focus on rare diseases like hemophilia and even inherited forms of blindness.Spark Therapeutics, for example,recently submitted a Biologics License Application (BLA) with the FDA for voretigene neparvovec, a gene therapy for the treatment of vision loss due to biallelic RPE65 mutation-associated retinal disease.

And Pfizer has inked deals with both Spark and Sangamo for gene therapies to treat different forms of hemophilia. Meanwhile, Biogen spin-off Bioverativhas picked up two gene therapies from Sangamo.

Scientific challenges remain considerable, though, and pricing will clearly be one of the biggest hurdles for gene therapies going forward. "Todays challenges are all around building a viable business model," said MacKay. That has not dampened enthusiasm for the blossoming field that has been rising and falling out of favor for at least two decades.

See original here:

A new wave of gene therapies ready to hit US shores - BioPharma Dive

Gene therapy hope for allergies and asthma – BioNews

Life-threatening allergies and asthma could one day be treated by a single injection, say researchers who have successfully treated mice using gene therapy.

Dr Ray Steptoeofthe University of Queensland in Australia and colleagues 'turned off' the immune system's memory of an allergen in mice, suggesting that it could be possible for a single treatment to permanently stop the cause of allergic reactions, rather than just managing the symptoms.

The immune system's memory is the underlying cause of both asthma and allergies, as immune cells incorrectly recognise and 'remember' allergens as being potentially dangerous, andmount an immune response. Repeated exposure to an allergen can cause increasingly severe and potentially fatal reactions. However, it is extremely difficult for potential therapies to contend with the permanence ofimmune memory.

The researchers worked with mice who were allergic to a protein found in egg white. They first inserted a gene which regulates the egg white protein into blood stem cells then transplanted these modified stem cells into the allergic mice. Transplanting the modified stem cells was enough to remove the mice's immune memory of the egg white protein as an allergen, meaning that the animals were no longer sensitive to the protein.

'We have now been able "wipe" the memory of these T-cells in animals with gene therapy, de-sensitising the immune system so that it tolerates the protein,' said Dr Steptoe. 'This research could be applied to treat those who have severe allergies to peanuts, bee venom, shell fish and other substances.'

But the findings should be treated with some caution, given the early stages of the research, note some. Professor Adnan Custovic at University College London told The Independent: 'A mouse model is not the same as a human model We can cure allergies in mice but we cannot do it in humans the mechanisms are not identical. Only time will tell whether this approach will be a viable one.'

The researchers are now working on making the treatment simpler and safer and it is hoped that human trials could begin in as little as five years.

Asthma is a major public health issue with some 5.4 million people in the UK with the condition; costing the NHS 1 billion annually. As allergies play a significant role in around 75 percent of asthma cases, as well as affecting the 44 percent of British adults who have at least one allergy, there is a need to produce effective, long-term treatments for these conditions.

The research was published in JCI Insight.

Read more:

Gene therapy hope for allergies and asthma - BioNews

The Cryptocurrency Market is Exploding. Here’s What You Need to Know. – Futurism

A Major Spike

On April 1, 2017, the total market cap for all cryptocurrencies was slightly higher than $25 billion. Roughlytwo months later, the cap exceeded $100 billion. In just over 60 days, the value of cryptocurrencies surged by 300 percent. So what is going on?

The leading cryptocurrency, Bitcoin, recently made headlines by climbing dramatically in value (itscurrently sitting around $2,600USD, about 160 percent higher than its value in April). But Bitcoin hasnt been alone in this extreme growth. The cryptocurrency market as a whole has spiked in value within the last few months.

While those already invested in Bitcoin might be celebrating, this jump is clearly reason to pause for anyone considering entering the market. Historically, what goes up super-fast must come down at least when it comes to the stock market. This has prompted many to call this rise a bubble, leaving investors to wonder when it will burst.

In an interview with Bank Innovation,cryptocurrency trader Jacob Eliosoff, who runs a Bitcoin-focused investment fund, explains:

Factor number one in the general price rise is just another of cryptos periodic bubble[s]: see Nov 2013, March 2013, July 2011. Lots of coins which patently have no plausible long-term use case or value the classic example is Dogecoin, an obsolete joke have set new highs during this frenzy a bad sign.

Author, professor, and game designer Ian Bogosthas previously written about bitcoin for The Atlantic.He shared his view on the latest cryptocurrency surge in an interview with Mic, explaining how the investors themselves could cause a drop in value:

Weve seen with these sort of ups and downs, these small groups of mostly Chinese pools end up with more than 50% of the capacity. And we dont know anything about these organizations. Are they state controlled? The moment [there is too much consolidation in the mining pools], then effectively the platform is dead, at least as a currency.

Anyone looking for proof of the volatile nature of cryptocurrencies, specifically Bitcoin, got it whenMark Cuban publicly criticized the currency.After the billionaire entrepreneur claimed on Twitter that Bitcoin was in a bubble and not, in fact, a currency at all, the cryptocurrency dropped significantly in value, seemingly illustrating a fragile and unstable nature.

Whether due to historical precedent, a monopoly on investment, or simply an easily swayed investor pool, it seems pretty likely that this recent rise of cryptocurrencies will lead to some sort of drop. However, that doesnt mean cryptocurrencies dont have the potential to be a major player, if not the only player, in the future of finance.

One positive development is the increasing diversity of cryptocurrencies. While Bitcoin was long the definitive leader in the market, holding roughly 80 percent of the total market cap, others such as Ethereum are making major gains, knocking Bitcoin down to just about 50 percent. As TechCrunch writer Fitz Tepper notes, The fact that these gains have come from currencies other than Bitcoin are a good sign that this is less of a bubble and more of a resurgence of interest in crypto.

Other experts notethat while drops in value are likely, they dont signal an end to cryptocurrency by any means. As Brian Kelly, CEO and founder of global investment management firm BKCM, told CNBC, Bitcoin isin the first years of what is likely to be a multi-year bull market. Of course there will be corrections and even crashes along the way, but Bitcoin is here to stay.

Blockchain, the technology supporting these digital currencies, may be even more worthy of the investment than the cryptocurrencies themselves. I would say I think conventional wisdom now is that blockchain and the underlying technology is probably more interesting and has more potential than maybe Bitcoin does by itself, Minneapolis Federal Reserve Bank President Neel Kashkari explained in aReuters report.

The link between digital currencies and this super-securedistributed database lends further support to the argument that digital currencies are a sound investment. However, only time will tell whether this current period of rapid growth will slow, plateau, drop, or continue skyward. As with any investment, the potential for reward comes with its share of risks, but right now, the future looks pretty bright for cryptocurrency.

Read this article:

The Cryptocurrency Market is Exploding. Here's What You Need to Know. - Futurism

Elon Musk Says Deep AI, Not Automation, Poses the Real Risk for Humanity – Futurism

In Brief Elon Musk takes to Twitter, saying deep AI, not automation, is what humanity should be worried about. Musk is part of a group of tech leaders working to create protective technological measures to prepare for the advancement of deep AI. Deep AI Vs. Automation

In an apparent attempt at a joke, a Twitter user sent a Business Insider tweet featuring a driverless Tesla car to Elon Musk, asking him to confirm that the development in humanless automation would not result in a robotic apocalypse. Musk replied via tweet, reaffirming his oft-repeated position that it is not automation per se, but deep AI, that poses more of an apocalyptic risk to humanity:

Disruption may cause us discomfort, but its not a threat in and of itself. However, Musk and others do see the potential for deep AI to be world-shattering, at least for humans.

Its easy to understand why some are worried about this; AIs are learning how to encrypt messages efficiently. Jrgen Schmidhuber, considered to be the father of deep learning, believes that there will be trillions of self-replicating robot factories along our Solar Systems asteroid belt by 2050. He also thinks that robots will eventually explore the galaxy by themselves, motivated by their own curiosity, capable of deciding their own agenda without much human oversight. And, perhaps most disturbing, scientists working with Googles DeepMind AI tested whether or not AIare more prone to cooperation or competition and found that it can go either way, and AI are even capable of developing killer instincts, or a cooperative mindset, depending on the situation.

Musks solution to this potential threat is his famous neural lace concept. In brief, this ambitious project would use easily injectable electrodes to form a neural lace over the brain. The lace could both stimulate and interpret the brains electrical activity, and would eventually merge with the brain entirely, making human and AI part of the same organism.

The key isnt halting progress, or even fearing AI its learning how to merge with it successfully.

More:

Elon Musk Says Deep AI, Not Automation, Poses the Real Risk for Humanity - Futurism

In Letter, At Least 12 States Will Sue to Block Any Rollback of Emissions Standards – Futurism

States Take A Stand

While the White House and Scott Pruitt, head of the EPA, have indicated their plan to roll back vehicle emissions standards set by the Obama administration in 2011, the attorneys general of 12 states and Washington District of Columbia have pledged to sue the EPA if the roll back happens. The states California, Vermont, Connecticut, Rhode Island, Delaware, Pennsylvania, Iowa, Oregon, Maine, New York, Massachusetts, and Maryland made their intentions clear in a letter to Pruitt.

Back in 2011, President Obamas administration made the deal with automakers, who agreed to work on doubling their average fuel efficiency fleet-wide until it reaches 54.5 miles per gallon by the year 2025. The parties also agreed to undergo mid-term evaluations no later than April 2018 to ensure progress was on track. Under former EPA Administrator Gina McCarthy, the evaluations were ahead of schedule, so the administration did not make any adjustments before President Obama left office.Click to View Full Infographic

Once President Trump took office, however, Fiat Chrysler, VW, Ford, Toyota, GM, Nissan, Honda, and Hyundai asked for a re-evaluation of the efficiency guidelines. Trump ordered the EPA to review the standards for fuel efficiency, and Pruitt is clearly onside, calling the standards costly for automakers and the American people.

The states all dispute these characterizations, as well several unusualprocedural issues the Trump administration and Pruitt have cited: Although EPA is often faulted for missing deadlines, we are unfamiliar with any occasion on which the EPA Administrator has criticized his own agency for fulfilling its regulatory obligations ahead of schedule, reads the letter. [T]here are at least three separate reports by scientists, engineers, and other experts analyzing the standards and concluding that they are feasible. The record is clear that appropriate technology exists now for automakers to achieve the current standards for model years 2022-25 at a reasonable cost.

Efforts to create vehicles that use renewable energy and run clean are just one important aspect of managing climate change an area that states as well as municipalities and private companies have taken thelead in as the federal government effectively abdicates its leadership role. Some of the largest states in the U.S., along with several major cities, have formed the United States Climate Alliance with the intent of adhering to the Paris Accord despitePresident Trumps removal of the U.S. from it. Various American cities, including Burlington, Vermont, Las Vegas, Atlanta, Chicago, and New York City have all stepped up to the plate in recent weeks wth plans to continue to their fight against climate change.This latest move by state attorneys general todefend against theEPAs backsliding is another major boost for fighting climate change at the state and local level, as these officials are recognizing the importance of their role. Any effort to roll back these affordable, achievable, and common-sense vehicle emission standards would be both irrational and irresponsible, attorney general Eric Schneiderman of New York wrote in the letter. We stand ready to vigorously and aggressively challenge President Trumps dangerous anti-environmental agenda in court as we already have successfully done.

See original here:

In Letter, At Least 12 States Will Sue to Block Any Rollback of Emissions Standards - Futurism

Expert: We’ll Find Alien Life in the Next 10 to 15 Years, but It Won’t … – Futurism

The Search for Life

Fromhighly trained scientists toiling away at research institutesto amateur enthusiasts gazing upwardfrom their backyards, humanity boasts no shortage of people looking for life beyond Earth. Add to that the massive size of the universe estimates range in the trillions of galaxies and probability dictates that we should have already encountered another species by now.

And yet, we still have no evidence that we arent alone in the universe.

However, according to astronomy researcherChris Impey, this hunt for life beyond Earth may soon yield results. In an interview with Futurism, he revealed that he believes that we are less than two decades away from finding extraterrestrial lifebut it may not be the kind of life we were hoping for: I put my money on detecting microbial life in 10 to 15 years, but not at all detecting intelligent life.

While Impey is skeptical that intelligent life is within our sights, he does have a couple of suggestions as to where we should focus our search for extraterrestrial lifeforms, intelligent or not. The first is our own backyard, or, more accurately, our own solar system.

While Impey tells Futurismhe doesnt rule out the possibility that life still exists on Mars,he says that those lifeforms are likely below the surface and are, therefore, much harder to detect. As such, he asserts that we have a better chance of finding evidence of life that used to exist on the Red Planet: If we actually get Mars rocks back here to Earth from a place that we think could have been habitable in the past, then we might find evidence of prior life.

Other bodies in our solar system could potentially host life as well, according to Impey, including the water world Europa(one of Jupiters several moons). He thinksfuture missions targeting the satellite could yield helpfulif not entirely conclusiveresults, asserting that they should at least give us some better idea if that ocean could have life in it.

Of course, our solar system is just one very small corner of a very massive universe, so wed be remiss if we didnt look beyond it for signs of life. To narrow down the scope of our search, Impey suggests targeting the manyexo-Earths weve already uncovered. Instead of focusing on the planets surfaces, though, we should research their atmospheres.

In the next few years, well be able to use the James Web Space Telescope and other detection devices to look for biomarkers such as oxygen and methane in the atmospheres of these Earth-like planets, says Impey. This biomarker experimentcould find evidence of microbial life indirectly, he explains. The research should help us pinpoint the planets that are the closest to Earth as possible, not in distance, but in character, he adds, and since Earth is the only place we know life exists, finding the most Earth-like planets is our best bet for finding life.

Even if Impey is right, and humanity is still decades away fromfinding intelligent alien life, the discovery of microbial life on Mars, Europa, or one of the thousands of exoplanets weve identified would still be a huge development. It would mean Earth isnt unique, that something else living is out there.

We could use the knowledgewe glean from studying this microbiallife to narrow down our hunt for other, more complex organisms. By providing valuable insights into how other living beings are able to survive on worlds far different from our own, this microbial life could help in our quest to become a multi-planetary species. Even the discovery of past microbial life would be helpful, as it could serve as something of a cautionary tale, providing us with the opportunity to learn and ensure we dont meet the same fate.

As Impey notes, thanks to dramatic advances in technology, weve never been better equipped to discover life beyond Earth than we areright now: Every new SETI experiment done now is about as good as the sum of all previous SETI experiments put together.

However, even if all of the currently planned experiments and missions came up short, Impey doesnt envision humanity giving up the hunt for extraterrestrial life any time soon: The first SETI experiment was in 1959, so obviously it has been going on for over half a centurywithout any success. The people who do it dont seem put off by failure.

This interview has been slightly edited for clarity and brevity.

Read the rest here:

Expert: We'll Find Alien Life in the Next 10 to 15 Years, but It Won't ... - Futurism