Change your physiology
Change your physiology change your emotions.

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Change your physiology - Video

Cell Physiology Drama

By: jaynel22

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Cell Physiology Drama - Video

Diffusion Its Importance for Human Physiology : Biology DNA
Subscribe Now: http://www.youtube.com/subscription_center?add_user=ehoweducation Watch More: http://www.youtube.com/ehoweducation Diffusion is passive moveme...

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Diffusion & Its Importance for Human Physiology : Biology & DNA - Video

St Mary #39;s MSc Applied Sport and Exercise Physiology Postgraduate Programme
Hear from St Mary #39;s University students on the MSc Applied Sport and Exercise Physiology postgraduate programme. Part of the School of Sport, Health and Appl...

By: St Mary #39;s University, Twickenham

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St Mary's MSc Applied Sport and Exercise Physiology Postgraduate Programme - Video

Physiology of Memory (Part 6)
The role of PKM zeta, part 1.

By: Brian Kurilla

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Physiology of Memory (Part 6) - Video

Lipids are a diverse collection of macromolecules essential for normal physiology, but the tissue distribution and function for many individual lipid species remain unclear. Here, we report a mass spectrometry survey of lipid abundance across 18 mouse tissues, detecting ~1,000 mass spectrometry features, of which we identify 179 lipids from the glycerolipids, glycerophospholipids, lysophospholipids, acylcarnitines, sphingolipids and cholesteryl ester classes. Our data reveals tissue-specific organization of lipids and can be used to generate testable hypotheses. For example, our data indicates that circulating triglycerides positively and negatively associated with future diabetes in humans are enriched in mouse adipose tissue and liver, respectively, raising hypotheses regarding the tissue origins of these diabetes-associated lipids. We also integrate our tissue lipid data with gene expression profiles to predict a number of substrates of lipid-metabolizing enzymes, highlighting choline phosphotransferases and sterol O-acyltransferases. Finally, we identify several tissue-specific lipids not present in plasma under normal conditions that may be of interest as biomarkers of tissue injury, and show that two of these lipids are released into blood following ischemic brain injury in mice. This resource complements existing compendia of tissue gene expression and may be useful for integrative physiology and lipid biology.

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A systematic survey of lipids across mouse tissues ...

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Newswise BIRMINGHAM, Ala. The idea that sex sells is generally accepted as fact. The idea that the sex of cells is important to biomedical research is not as well-known, but an article co-written by a researcher at the University of Alabama at Birmingham, suggests that the sex of individual cells matters.

The sex of a cell is determined by the presence of sex chromosomes: every cell can be categorized as either male or female. The significance of a cells sex is a concept that has been generally overlooked by the research community, but there is now a growing body of evidence that has some researchers examining important implications.

Male cells have an X and a Y chromosome, while female cells have two X chromosomes, said Cathy Fuller, Ph.D., associate professor in the Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology at UAB. There is now good reason to consider that studies conducted in male cells will produce results different from those of identical studies using female cell lines. This could have a profound effect on fields such as personalized medicine.

This month, Fuller, along with colleague Paul Insel, Ph.D., of the departments of Pharmacology and Medicine at the University of California-San Diego, published an editorial in the American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology called I Dont Know the Question, but Sex is Definitely the Answer! The editorial comes on the heels of a 2012 decision by the American Physiology Society to require authors to report the sex of the cells lines, biological materials and animals used in their experiments.

Fuller and Insel looked at two articles published in AJP-Cell and one in Nature that laid out the reasons that the APS decision to disclose the sex of cell lines was essential. They wrote that the lessons learned from these articles suggest the APS policy could have an important effect on patient care.

We have assumed that cells bearing an XY genotype behave the same as cells that are XX, but we dont really know if that is correct, said Fuller. Do T-84 cells, derived from a male colon cancer patient, behave the same as Ht-29 colon cancer cells, derived from a female? And will a colon cancer drug tested in one cell line work in the same fashion in all patients?

An additional complication, according to Fuller, is that many cell lines frequently used in research are old some have been around for more than 50 years and some supposedly male lines have lost the Y chromosome through the many repetitive cell culture cycles.

As we move closer to the concept of personalized medicine, where drugs and therapies can be tailored for the individual patient, we will need a more complete understanding of the physiology of that patient down to the cellular level, Fuller said. A drug that was tested in a cell line without a Y chromosome might not work as well in a patient who does have Y chromosomes. This could help explain why certain drugs work better in some patients than in others. Fuller says investigators working on developing drugs such as small molecules and biologics will need to consider that sex differences may underlie differences in responsiveness of different cells used in high-throughput screens, as well as considering the sex of the patient group to whom the drugs are targeted. Sex differences will be particularly important in stem cell-based therapies, such that the sex of both the donor and the recipient should be considered. She also suspects that other scientific journals will follow suit and require investigators to identify the sex of their cell lines. The good news is that the sex of many of the major cell lines currently in use is known and that information is available to researchers. About UAB Known for its innovative and interdisciplinary approach to education at both the graduate and undergraduate levels, the University of Alabama at Birmingham is an internationally renowned research university and academic medical center and the state of Alabamas largest employer, with some 23,000 employees and an economic impact exceeding $5 billion annually on the state. The five pillars of UABs mission deliver knowledge that will change your world: the education of students, who are exposed to multidisciplinary learning and a new world of diversity; research, the creation of new knowledge; patient care, the outcome of bench-to-bedside translational knowledge; service to the community at home and around the globe, from free clinics in local neighborhoods to the transformational experience of the arts; and the economic development of Birmingham and Alabama. Learn more at http://www.uab.edu.

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Sex Cells

artery review for anatomy and physiology 2 elnmeer
vessels review for test.

By: ketrava

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artery review for anatomy and physiology 2 elnmeer - Video

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor- (PPAR) and Rho-kinase (ROCK) regulate smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation and contribute to vascular remodeling in adult pulmonary hypertension. Whether these pathways interact to contribute to the development of vascular remodeling in persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN) remains unknown. We hypothesized that ROCK-PPAR interactions increase SMC proliferation resulting in vascular remodeling in experimental PPHN. Pulmonary artery SMCs (PASMCs) were harvested from fetal sheep after partial ligation of the ductus arteriosus in utero (PPHN) and controls. Cell counts were performed daily for 5 days with or without PPAR agonists and ROCK inhibition. PPAR and ROCK protein expression/activity were measured by Western blot in normal and PPHN PASMCs. We assessed PPAR-ROCK interactions by studying the effect of ROCK activation on PPAR activity and PPAR inhibition (siRNA) on ROCK activity and PASMC proliferation. At baseline, PPHN PASMC cell number was increased by 38% above controls on day 5. ROCK protein expression/activity were increased by 25 and 34% and PPAR protein/activity decreased by 40 and 50% in PPHN PASMC. ROCK inhibition and PPAR activation restored PPHN PASMC growth to normal values. ROCK inhibition increased PPAR activity by 50% in PPHN PASMC, restoring PPAR activity to normal. In normal PASMCs, ROCK activation decreased PPAR activity and PPAR inhibition increased ROCK activity and cell proliferation, resulting in a PPHN hyperproliferative PASMC phenotype. PPAR-ROCK interactions regulate SMC proliferation and contribute to increased PPHN PASMC proliferation and vascular remodeling in PPHN. Restoring normal PPAR-ROCK signaling may prevent vascular remodeling and improve outcomes in PPHN.

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Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor--Rho-kinase ...

2 hours ago The "rules" allowing color reconstruction from the shape of melanin-containing organelles originate with feathered dinosaurs, and are associated with an increase in melanosome diversity. However, fuzzy dinosaurs like T. rex and Sinosauropteryx show a pattern found in other amniotes like lizards and crocodilians in which a limited diversity of shapes doesn't allow color reconstruction. An explosion in the distribution of the shapes of melanin-containing organelles preserved in living taxa and the fossil record may point to a key physiological shift within feathered dinosaurs. Credit: Li et al. (authors).

New research that revises the rules allowing scientists to decipher color in dinosaurs may also provide a tool for understanding the evolutionary emergence of flight and changes in dinosaur physiology prior to its origin.

In a survey comparing the hair, skin, fuzz and feathers of living terrestrial vertebrates and fossil specimens, a research team from The University of Texas at Austin, the University of Akron, the China University of Geosciences and four other Chinese institutions found evidence for evolutionary shifts in the rules that govern the relationship between color and the shape of pigment-containing organelles known as melanosomes, as reported in the Feb. 13 edition of Nature.

At the same time, the team unexpectedly discovered that ancient maniraptoran dinosaurs, paravians, and living mammals and birds uniquely shared the evolutionary development of diverse melanosome shapes and sizes. (Diversity in the shape and size of melanosomes allows scientists to decipher color.) The evolution of diverse melanosomes in these organisms raises the possibility that melanosome shape and size could yield insights into dinosaur physiology.

Melanosomes have been at the center of recent research that has led scientists to suggest the colors of ancient fossil specimens covered in fuzz or feathers.

Melanosomes contain melanin, the most common light-absorbing pigment found in animals. Examining the shape of melanosomes from fossil specimens, scientists have recently suggested the color of several ancient species, including the fuzzy first-discovered feathered dinosaur Sinosauropteryx, and feathered species like Microraptor and Anchiornis.

According to the new research, color-decoding works well for some species, but the color of others may be trickier than thought to reconstruct.

Comparing melanosomes of 181 extant specimens, 13 fossil specimens and all previously published data on melanosome diversity, the researchers found that living turtles, lizards and crocodiles, which are ectothermic (commonly known as cold-blooded), show much less diversity in the shape of melanosomes than birds and mammals, which are endothermic (warm-blooded, with higher metabolic rates).

The limited diversity in melanosome shape among living ectotherms shows little correlation to color. The same holds true for fossil archosaur specimens with fuzzy coverings scientists have described as "protofeathers" or "pycnofibers." In these specimens, melanosome shape is restricted to spherical forms like those in modern reptiles, throwing doubt on the ability to decipher the color of these specimens from fossil melanosomes.

In contrast, in the dinosaur lineage leading to birds, the researchers found an explosion in the diversity of melanosome shape and size that appears to correlate to an explosion of color within these groups. The shift in diversity took place abruptly, near the origin of pinnate feathers in maniraptoran dinosaurs.

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Revision to rules for color in dinosaurs suggests connection between color and physiology

CLEVELAND, Ohio - Students in Cuyahoga Community Colleges hugely popular anatomy and physiology classes will soon have access to a sleek new 3-D teaching tool developed by their own professors and e-learning experts. The program, called the Tri-C 3-D Stress Simulator, is designed to help students learn complex physiology through 3-D simulation.

The teaching tool is the result of a yearlong collaboration between three biology professors and the schools Office of eLearning and Innovation, which funded the project with $80,000 from its annual budget earmarked for interactive learning.

It takes about 12 to 15 hours to complete, and allows students to navigate through simulations of the stress response at the whole body and cellular level at their own pace, while they answer questions on the subject material and watch animations.

Were basically flying through the material trying to get everything in thats required by the curriculum, said Christopher Caprette, assistant professor of biology at Tri-C and one of the developers of the simulation. What weve learned is that every student has their own learning style, every faculty member has their own teaching style, and these dont always match. So any additional way of presenting the material is a good thing.

The anatomy and physiology (A & P) classes were targeted because they are the highest enrollment classes at Tri-C, with about 1,500 students per term signed up for two levels of courses. The classes are pre-requisites for many of the health and medicine career tracks the college offers, including nursing, physician assistant, occupational therapy and others.

A poll of students in December of 2012 also revealed that A & P was one area where students felt they could use the most extra help, said Cynthia Conaway-Mavroidis, assistant professor of biology at Tri-C and co-developer of the simulation. Assistant professor Anne Marie Yunker also helped develop the program.

Three of the schools A & P classes are currently using the simulation during a pilot of the software, Conaway-Mavroidis said. One course used it in the fall in both campus-based and online courses.

The team chose to model the bodys stress response because it involves several body systems interacting simultaneously, Caprette said.

They can then see how things sort of integrate into a whole system, he said. Thats something thats pretty hard to get across.

I think the one overwhelming comment was that [the simulation] really helped them understand the topic better, Conaway-Mavroidis said. Several of my students have said it would be helpful to use a little of this after every topic covered in class.

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Tri-C develops 3-D simulation to help teach biology students complex physiology of stress