Pacific islands: Paradise is packed full of heavenly adventures

Andrew Bain Dec 3 2014 at 1:15 PM

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Pacific islands package lethargy like few other places. Encased in sluggish heat and a warm ocean, they're typically places where doing nothing can feel like doing everything. But what happens when doing nothing isn't enough?

Crawl off the beach towel and there are opportunities on many Pacific islands for particular, and often unique, adventure activities.

Here's our pick of the adventures in paradise.

For 30 years Pa Teuruaa has been guiding hikers across Rarotonga's imposing mountain interior. Often walking barefoot and in a loincloth, the dreadlocked septuagenarian has traversed the island on foot more than 4000 times, leading visitors into the rugged heart behind Rarotonga's ring of beaches.

Pa's Cross-Island Trek ascends 400 metres from one side of Rarotonga to the serrated ridge that forms the spine of the island. The climb begins among trackside crops the likes of watercress and taro but moves quickly into the cloud forest that smothers Rarotonga's interior. It's a steep climb at times, but it's not long.

Atop the ridge, the trail passes beneath the Needle, one of the island's most striking rock formations and an ancient place of worship look at one side of the towering rock and you'll notice that it's been carved into the face of a god.

Far below you can see out over Rarotonga's airport to lines of waves smashing onto the island's reef.

A natural healer when he's not on the trail, Pa is one of Rarotonga's true characters. He walks silently he only talks to God when he walks, he tells hikers but at the regular stops he's effusive with stories. He's led the Dalai Lama across the island, and once guided a woman across on her 96th birthday they planted a coconut palm on the ridge to celebrate the occasion.

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Pacific islands: Paradise is packed full of heavenly adventures

Six of the best: Lesser-known Thai islands

John Borthwick Dec 2 2014 at 1:15 PM

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Remote and jungle-clad Koh Kood (aka Ko Kut) sits in the eastern Gulf of Thailand not far from Cambodia. Its beaches are whistle-clean and still mercifully free of jet-skis, and while Koh Kood might have no ATMs or Seven-Elevens, nor have its shores been strip-mined for tourism as in parts of neighbouring Koh Chang. The island's scattering of quality resorts includes beachfront Cham's House at Haad Takien and the sprawling Soneva Kiri (soneva.com/soneva-kiri). There's quality diving and snorkelling, some river kayaking, and just enough to do for visitors who don't want much to do. Fly to Trat, then transfer by ferry. See kohkood.com

Many Thais don't even know where this snoozy Andaman coast island is and one is almost reluctant to spill the beans. Phayam (pronounced "pie-am") has no cars or roads, only light motorcycles and footpaths. Instead of large hotels there are mostly bungalow resorts, the friendliest one being Bamboo Bungalows (bamboo-bungalows.com) at Aow Yai Beach on the languid west coast. The island has internet, fair food and empty beaches, and so far, few bars or full-moon freaks. It is too often admired with the hex, "Just like Phuket 30 years ago," so see Phayam before "progress" indeed Phukets it. Reach there by 40-minute speedboat from Ranong. See kohphayam.org

As the closest resort island to Bangkok, you might expect Koh Samet to be hectic with party people. Not so, in part because the island is a national park (which hasn't stopped them building dozens of resorts on it). Little Samet is off Rayong, in the Gulf, three hours' drive southeast of the capital. Its beaches are clean and relatively tranquil, and offer plenty of eating-drinking-music chances. Accommodation ranges from budget bungalows to upmarket resorts like Ao Prao (aopraoresortkohsamet.com). Mid-week is siesta-like but weekends are much busier with Bangkok escapees. Catch the ferry from Ban Phe pier; foreigners pay 400 baht ($14) park entrance fee. See kosamet.net

The insular twins of Koh Yao Noi (Little Long Island) and Koh Yao Yai (Big Long Island) float amid those lavish, dreaming dragon isles of Phangnga Bay. Midway between (and a world apart from) Phuket and Krabi, the islands still run on slow-boat time and boast few beer bars or day spas. It's not a Robinson Crusoe experience, however, with both islands having several good resorts, such as Koh Yao Yai Village (kohyaoyaivillage.com) and the luxurious Six Senses Yao Noi (sixsenses.com/yao-noi). The beaches are nothing spectacular, but you can visit villages, rubber plantations and fish farms for a view of true island life. It's a one-hour boat trip from Phuket's Bang Rong. See phuket.com/island/kohyao

Mu Koh Similan, a beautiful, nine-island archipelago in the Andaman Sea, north of Phuket, is a Thai marine national park whose waters, with visibility of up to 30 metres, offer some of the best diving and snorkelling in Asia. There are swim-throughs, superb corals and a huge variety of fish, including morays, mantas, grouper and reef sharks. Accommodation is limited to tents and a few bungalows on Koh Miang Island; book well ahead through an agent (khaolaklife.com/similan-islands) but avoid busy Thai holidays. Speedboats depart from Tap Lamu near Khao Lak, with the trip taking 90 minutes. The islands are open November to May but closed during monsoon. See similanislands.com

To the north of Koh Similan is another marine park group, the Edenic, densely forested Mu Koh Surin islands, whose only permanent dwellers are Moken "sea gypsies." Again, the main draw card for visitors is beneath the sea where the water, free of coastal run-off, is stunningly clear and there are special "underwater trails" for snorkelers. Divers on live-aboard boats see the very best of the area's reefs, as well as nearby Richelieu Rock with its whale sharks, rays and hammerheads. Island accommodation is limited to tent sites and several bungalows near the park headquarters on North Island; book well ahead (khaolaklife.com/surin-islands). Speedboats depart from Khuraburi for the 60-km, 90-minute crossing. The islands are open November to May. See surinislands.com

The writer travelled as a guest of the Tourism Authority of Thailand and the named accommodation.

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Scotland celebrates Highlands and Islands subsea fibre broadband connectivity with BT

The 410 million Digital Scotland Superfast Broadband initiative is celebrating the completion of a major subsea telecoms project with BT which will bring faster fibre broadband to Scotlands most remote communities.

The Digital Scotland partners were in Millport, on the Isle of Cumbrae, this week to mark the successful installation of 250 miles of fibre optic cabling across 20 seabed crossings. It has been hailed by BT as the most complex sub-sea engineering challenge it has ever undertaken in UK waters.

Millport is one of 40 island and mainland locations, stretching from Orkney to Kintyre, which form essential links for a fibre network being built to bring high-speed fibre broadband to 84 percent of the Highlands and Islands by the end of 2016.

The 26.9 million subsea project is part of the 146 million Digital Highlands and Islands rollout which will make faster, more reliable services available to more than 150,000 premises across the regions mainly rural communities for the first time.

Scotland's deputy first minister John Swinney said: Today marks an incredibly important step in the completion of the most complex ever underwater engineering that Scotland has seen. It is a hugely impressive technological feat that work has been completed in such a short timescale.

In the coming months, thanks to the Digital Scotland Superfast Broadband programme, many island communities will start to benefit from fibre broadband that otherwise would not have received coverage."

Work will now continue on land to complete the main network, linking the subsea connections together. The first island communities to connect directly as a result of the new subsea links will go live during spring next year. Local people will have access to fibre broadband speeds of up to 80mbps, around 10 times faster than the current top speeds available on most Scottish islands, many of which are currently connected by radio links.

The subsea rollout work started in July, with the contract carried out for BT by French specialist cable laying firm Orange Marine. Its ship, the 14,000-tonne Rene Descarte (pictured), with its submersible plough, remotely operated vehicles and other support vessels buried double-armoured cable in the seabed.

As well as the subsea work, the onshore activity to connect the cables to BTs terrestrial network is being being carried out by Hampshire-based A-2-Sea Solutions.

The longest subsea route is nearly 50 miles long under the Minch from Ullapool to Stornoway, with the shortest covering the one mile leap between Ardgour on the Ardnamurchan Peninsula and Onich, south of Fort William.

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Super Typhoon Hagupit Aims for the Philippine Islands, Threatening the Region Devastated by Hayan

Typhoon Hagupit swirls to the east of the Philippine Islands in this image captured by NASAs Terra satellite on Thursday, Dec. 4, 2014. (Source: NASA)

Super Typhoon Hagupitis swirling off the coast of the Philippine Islands today with maximum sustained winds of about 170 miles per hour and gustsof more than 200 (as of 11a.m. EST).

Itlooks like the cyclone, known as Ruby in the Philippines,is headed for landfall there some time on Saturday.

Source: JTWC

The U.S. Joint Typhoon Warning Center and the PhilippinePAGASA agency disagree on Hagupits exact track, but the storm is likely to hit the area devastated by Super Typhoon Hayan. Click on the thumbnail at right for the JTWCs latest forecast track. And click here for PAGASAs forecast.

The good news is that Hagupit is likely toweaken quite a bit before landfall, thanks to wind shear and cooler ocean temperatures closer to the coast. The bad news is that high winds, storm surges, and landslides from torrential rains are all quite possible.

The typhoon intensified rapidly yesterday. Today it features a well defined eye, as seen in the image at the top of this, acquired by NASAs Terra satellite today. The Philippine islands are to the left side of the image.

Ocean conditions this year are very different from last. As reported by Jeff Masters, chief meteorologist for Weather Underground, Haiyan intensified into a Category 5 super typhoon with 195 mph sustained winds. . .on November 7, 2013 fueled by unusually warm sub-surface waters.

This year, there is less heat energy in the Western Pacific to fuel typhoons, thanks to a slowly developing El Nio. Trade winds, which blow from east to west, have weakened. This has allowed warm waters in the Western Pacific to slosh eastward, toward South America.

Today, the U.S. Climate Prediction Center upped the odds of a full-fledged El Nio developing this winter. Last month they pegged the odds at less than 60 percent. Todays assessment puts it at 65 percent. But as in previous reports, the CPC says it is likely to be a weak event.

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Super Typhoon Hagupit Aims for the Philippine Islands, Threatening the Region Devastated by Hayan

Hippocrates Health Institute – Virtual Tour of The Villas Accommodations – Video


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Community Health Program: 3 Steps To Doubling Your Business In 2015 – Video


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How House Calls Slash Health Care Costs

A MacArthur genius grant winner is now formally studying how hot-spotting method cuts expensive emergency room visits and delivers better care

Credit: Getty

Even the most trivial of emergency-room trips can quickly add up. Going in for an upper respiratory infection averages more than $1,000. A urinary tract infection can set patients back thousands of dollars. But before Obamacare came on the scene, New Jersey physician Jeffrey Brenner was already working on innovative ways to slash health-care costs. He scoured health-care billing data at local hospitals and discovered that a small number of super utilizers clustered in certain geographic areas were responsible for the bulk of health-care costs in Camden, N.J. He brought together a team of social workers and medical professionals, who made regular house calls to those patients, accompanied them to doctors appointments and conducted long interviews with them to obtain health historiesall to help the city cut medical costs and provide better care to these neediest patients. That was some six years ago. His work, called health-care hot spotting, helped net him a MacArthur genius award in 2013. Now he works full-time on this issue and oversees a team of about 20 nurses, social workers, community health-care workers, Americorps volunteers and a psychologist who attack this problem around Camden. More than 50 similar operations have popped up around the country, and Brenner assists half of them. The latest such health hot spotting project Brenner works with is Sutter Health, a huge system consisting of some 30 hospitals in northern California. Brenner, the executive director of the nonprofit Camden Coalition of Healthcare Providers, spoke with Scientific American about how to predict who will cost the health-care system the most, his plans for his genius prize winnings, and his latest efforts to study health hot spotting with a randomized controlled trial. [An edited transcript of the conversation follows]: What made you think to start mapping out super utilizers of health care? I was a frontline family doctor in Camden, N.J., for 12 years. I accepted Medicaid patients and found that they had the most complex health problems to tease apart. In a typical primary-care model, we dont serve those patients very well. It was a big, audacious, hairy problem where the tools we have been given are inadequate to solve it. How can communities identify these complex, chronic patientsthese so-called super utilizers that cost hospitals the mostwhile respecting patient privacy? Wouldnt tapping such billing data run up against HIPAA protections? It turns out that HIPAA allows you to work with large data sets for billing purposes, if you are improving quality or if its a valid research project. In our case, we originally got approval because it was a large research project. But we also have a business agreement as part of the health information exchange. That exchange under HIPAA says you are allowed to have data sharing agreements as long as patients are given forms to explain what their data is being used for. Not many patients opt out. Your early hot-spotting efforts saved community hospitals millions of dollars, Ive read. How much did you actually save? We have no idea. Statistically, savings are actually really hard to calculate. I have not talked about dollar figures in the last few years because the only way we will know savings for sure is by doing a randomized controlled trial. Thats what we are doing now. We certainly believe our interventions save money. Why is it hard to determine the savings? There is a patient in Trenton, N.J., who went 450 times to the local hospitals in a single year. She was chronically homeless and alcoholic, and she had a lot of physical and sexual abuse in her history. Through a collaboration with the local hospitals and social agencies, she was able to get into a special housing unit and worked with a multidisciplinary team like ours that got her down to 18 visits a year. We have a policy premised on why the intervention would make a difference, but it turns out that if you took 200 overutilizers like her and watch them over a year, they drop in utilization some 20 percent to 30 percenteven if you do nothingbecause statistically, when you are dealing with outliers, outlier data tends to regress toward the mean. These people are quite sick, and its hard to get to the hospital 450 times each year. Our randomized controlled trial will get us some real answers. Why are you doing a randomized controlled trial now? There is a lot of research on pills and devices, but there has been very little high-quality research on how to deliver better care at lower cost. If you look at our funding for our nonprofit, there are about 28 sources of funding cobbled together to keep our team in the field and to keep the structure in place so we can do this randomized controlled trial. Thats why its taken so long to launch a trial. Weve now partnered with the Abdul Latif Jameel Poverty Action Lab, which does randomized trials around the world on social interventions. The lead is up at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology , and its the researcher that did the well-known Oregon health research that randomized people into access to Medicaid. Theyve been helping us set this up. You were awarded a MacArthur genius grant in 2013. What did you do with the $625,000? Its an interesting grant. Its not a grant to the Camden Coalition of Healthcare Providers organization. It was granted to me individually. I had a private Medicaid practice in Camden, and my payment rates kept getting cut. I actually went out of business. By the time I closed my office, I was getting $19 a visit because of cuts happening at the state level that were trickling down through the Medicaid HMOs. The MacArthur grant is not one lump payment. Its broke out over five years and about half of it is paid out in taxes. It comes as quarterly payment, and the first few years will go to paying off the debts from my practice. How does that experience affect your current efforts with hot spotting? Primary care is dying while hospitals are expanding, which underscores why reforms are needed. You get what you pay for. If you underspend on primary care, then you wont get enough of it. We need to move some of that money spent in hospitals back to primary care providers and save the health-care system costs. What does your randomized controlled trial look like? It will have a total of 800 patients. Four hundred patients will receive our intervention, and 400 will be controls receiving normal routine care where they are discharged from the hospital and make their own appointments. We recruit patients into the trial from four hospitals in New Jersey where we have set up real-time data systems that allow us to know when these patients have been admitted: two admissions in six months signals to us that a patient may be the worst of the worst and that she or he is likely a $20,000 patient. We then explain our project to the patients and ask them to consent to participate. If they consent, we leave the room, hit the random button on our computer and the patient is randomized into intervention or control. We need to do that 800 times. We then follow them in our data system. At the end of the study, we will also look through Medicaid records to make sure we catch if they received care elsewhere. When do you expect all the data to be in? Weve been collecting good data now for six months. We have 80 patients in each arm of the study now, and so if we can ramp up and accelerate enrollment, then well probably have data next December. What do patients receiving the intervention get? For 90 days we go to patients appointments with them, make home visits, and if they are homeless, we help them get housing. We also help them apply for other social services. Its a multidisciplinary approach with social workers, community health-care workers and nurses, and we are also inside local primary health-care offices for training. What happens after the 90 days of intervention? We try to graduate them and plug them into a stable, well-run system of care. Sometimes, since many primary care providers have closed, we have trouble finding a practice that accepts Medicaid patients. We have been using some of our funds to augment Medicaid payments to primary care providers. We pay them $150 if they get one of these patients in for a visit five to seven days after when they were in the hospital. And we pay the patient with a $20 gift card and a cab voucher to go see the doctor. We have found in our data that the first week to two weeks after hospitalization is a critical time, and if we can engage them quickly, it makes a world of difference. And for those medical practices, its a lot of money. Were giving out a couple thousand dollars to practices that are struggling. Do you think this model of hot spotting is a good fit in both rural and urban areas? Yes. We have worked with groups in Eureka, Calif., which is incredibly isolated, and found the same patterns hold up. We have also worked with a group in rural Maine, another in rural Michigan and also in rural Pennsylvania. What were finding over and over with our partners across the country is that the number-one determinant of being a high utilizer of health care is the amount of adverse childhood experiences you had, like physical and sexual abuse. There is interesting literature to back that up. In short, those traumatic experiences in early childhood lead to lifelong health costs and can help predict health-care utilization rates. Is it early life trauma specifically, or might other factors be at work there, such as socioeconomic status, economic and health access issues or childhood stability? In a lot of studies we say that some bad outcome is due to socioeconomic status, but there has been very little work to look at the causality. There are higher levels of early life trauma in underserved communities; therefore, the true variable is probably the early life trauma and probably trauma and early life conditions. The social determinants of health and all the underlying pieces of it have not been fully explored, and we dont understand the ethnography of it all. Has the Affordable Care Act (Obamacare) impacted your work? The law sent a huge market signal out to the health-care industry that the game needs to change and become more efficient and accountable. Under the Affordable Care Act, there was also a $10 billion fund put together to support innovation over a decade. The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services have been putting grants out. We got a $2.7 million three-year innovation grant that is helping to pay for the research team in the field. Its one of our 28 sources of funding. Your approach has been likened to a weather map for health. Is that an appropriate analogy? Hot spotting is not just making maps. Its the strategic use of data to find outliers and to improve their care. Mapping is one example of how you segment data. There are other strategies you can use as well, like hospital claims data. A lot of our work has been simplified down to terms like hot spotting and super utilizers, but its a multidimensional intervention. We are trying to get the cost curve to drop by focusing on the poorest patients. We are using data in real time to target outliers who are the canary in the coal mine to understand how the system is failing.

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How House Calls Slash Health Care Costs

Our Fragmented Approach to Health-Care Costs

Positive action on multiple fronts and the recovering economy are helping to reduce the growth in health-care costs to historically moderate levels. But there is no comprehensive national approach to controlling health-care costs. Further, there islittle coordination of the disparate efforts across the country, and we cant say for sure what is working and what is not.

The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS)reportreleased Wednesday showed that health-care spending per person grew 2.9% in 2013, in line with the modest rates of spending growth seen in recent years. As the chart above shows, per capita health-care spending is growing unusually slowly by historical standards, but it is projected to pick up again as the economy improves, as more people are covered under the Affordable Care Act, and as the population ages.

By 2020 growth in per capita health spending is projected to be almost twice the current rate. But that is still much slower than in many years past. If we were to shave one percentage point off the annual rate of increase in health spending, more than $2 trillion would be saved over the next 10 years. Similarly, cutting half a percentage point off projected increases would make a substantial difference.

Most current efforts to reduce costs and improve quality focus on reforming the delivery of medical care. The primary objective is to reduce unnecessary hospital stays and overuse of tests and procedures. The ACA is accelerating the pace of delivery reform and changing payment incentives primarily through pilot projects implemented by a new Innovation Center in the CMS. Pilot projects are testing shared savings with Accountable Care Organizations, bundled payments (rather than fee for service) for some illnesses, and coordinated care for people with multiple health needs who are eligible for both Medicare and Medicaid. The CMS pilots are to be independently evaluated, and the results will be closely watched.

These efforts at delivery reform have promise, but they are scattered across the country and highly variable. They do not represent a comprehensive approach to health-care costs.

The focus on delivery also does not address a major factor influencing demand for health services: health insurance. The country has been so focused on the Affordable Care Act, and many in health care have been so focused on reforming delivery and payment, that a veritable sea change in the nature of insurance has unfolded without much scrutiny or debate. Changes in insurance, especially changes in cost sharing such as the growth in high-deductible insurance plans, can strongly influence the demand for health services. The average deductible in an employer health plan is about $1,200; it is $1,800 for smaller employers, more than $2,000 for high-deductible plans with savings accounts, and more than $2,500 for the most commonly selected silver plan in the ACA insurance exchanges.

The price of health services is also unaddressed by delivery reform. While health prices have been rising fairly slowly in recent years, the price of health care, including what Americans pay for procedures and drugs and what we pay doctors, is what most distinguishes the cost of our system from those of other developed nations. There is growing interest in price transparency to help consumers shop for less expensive care, but far less attention is paid to reducing the actual prices we pay for health services.

One reason we lack a comprehensive approach to health costs is that it is not really anyones job in our fragmented health system. Health-care institutions are changing how they deliver care in ways that make sense for them, keeping an eye on market leaders and competitors. Insurers have increased cost sharing to dampen demand and keep their premiums lower. The public is alarmed by the high prices people pay for health carebut cant do much about it. CMS oversees Medicare and Medicaid, but no government agency is responsible for developing a health-cost strategy or a comprehensive approach to dealing with delivery, demand, price, and other cost drivers. Such an approach would almost certainly represent a far greater role for government than would be palatable today. Our fragmented approach to controlling health costs may be enough while health spending is rising at historically moderate rates, but as the rate of increase picks up again pressure will rise do more, and for a more organized and comprehensive approach.

Drew Altman is president and chief executive officer of theKaiser Family Foundation. He is on Twitter:@drewaltman.

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Our Fragmented Approach to Health-Care Costs

New single-cell analysis reveals complex variations in stem cells

PUBLIC RELEASE DATE:

4-Dec-2014

Contact: Kat J. McAlpine katherine.mcalpine@wyss.harvard.edu 617-432-8266 Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard @wyssinstitute

(BOSTON) -- Stem cells offer great potential in biomedical engineering due to their pluripotency, which is the ability to multiply indefinitely and also to differentiate and develop into any kind of the hundreds of different cells and bodily tissues. But the precise complexity of how stem cell development is regulated throughout states of cellular change has been difficult to pinpoint until now.

By using powerful new single-cell genetic profiling techniques, scientists at the Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering and Boston Children's Hospital have uncovered far more variation in pluripotent stem cells than was previously appreciated. The findings, reported today in Nature, bring researchers closer to a day when many different kinds of stem cells could be leveraged for disease therapy and regenerative treatments.

"Stem cell colonies contain much variability between individual cells. This has been considered somewhat problematic for developing predictive approaches in stem cell engineering," said the study's co-senior author James Collins, Ph.D., who is a Wyss Institute Core Faculty member, the Henri Termeer Professor of Medical Engineering & Science at MIT, and a Professor of Biological Engineering at MIT. "Now, we have discovered that what was previously considered problematic variability could actually be beneficial to our ability to precisely control stem cells."

The research team has learned that there are many small fluctuations in the state of a stem cell's pluripotency that can influence which developmental path it will follow.

It's a very fundamental study but it highlights the wide range of states of pluripotency," said George Daley, study co-senior author, Director of Stem Cell Transplantation at Boston Children's Hospital and a Professor of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology at Harvard Medical School. "We've captured a detailed molecular profile of the different states of stem cells."

Taking this into account, researchers are now better equipped to manipulate and precisely control which cell and tissue types will develop from an individual pluripotent stem cell or stem cell colony.

"The study was made possible through the use of novel technologies for studying individual cells, which were developed in part by collaborating groups at the Broad Institute, giving our team an unprecedented view of stem cell heterogeneity at the individual cell level," said Patrick Cahan, co-lead author on the study and Postdoctoral Fellow at Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School.

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New single-cell analysis reveals complex variations in stem cells

Duke Signs Exclusive Licensing Agreement with Leading Genome Editing Company

Duke University has signed an exclusive licensing agreement with Editas Medicine, a leading genome editing company, for genetic engineering technologies developed in the lab of Charles Gersbach, assistant professor of biomedical engineering. The agreement focuses on Gersbachs work with genome engineering technologies known as CRISPR/Cas9 and TALENs.

Charles Gersbach

The agreement allows broad use of the technology developed in Gersbachs lab for the prevention or treatment of human disease. To this point, Gersbachs most notable work in that field is on Duchenne muscular dystrophy, a genetic disease affecting one in 3,500 newborn males that currently has no approved treatment and causes muscular deterioration, paralysis and eventual death, usually by age 25. Gersbachs work is focused on using gene editing to correct the mutated gene that causes the disease, in contrast to treating the resulting symptoms of the disease. Gersbach has also pioneered the use of both CRISPR/Cas9 and TALEs for turning on genes in a way that could be used to treat degenerative disorders or compensate for genetic defects.

Charlies deep expertise in both genome editing and in this area of biology is a tremendous asset as we begin to understand how to apply genome editing technologies to specific diseases, said Katrine Bosley, chief executive officer of Editas Medicine. Gersbach is also serving as a scientific advisor to Editas.

Editas is a leading genome editing company and part of a transformational new area of healthcaregenomic medicine. The company was founded by the pioneers and world leaders in genome editing bringing specific expertise in CRISPR/Cas9 and TALENs technologies. The companys mission is to translate its proprietary technology into novel solutions to treat a broad range of genetically-driven diseases.

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Duke Signs Exclusive Licensing Agreement with Leading Genome Editing Company