Boeing CST-100 Space Taxi Maiden Test Flight to ISS …

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Chris Ferguson, last Space Shuttle Atlantis commander, tests the Boeing CST-100 capsule consoles which can fly US astronauts to the International Space Station in 2017. Ferguson is now Boeings director of Crew and Mission Operations for the Commercial Crew Program vying for NASA funding. Credit: NASA/Boeing

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FL Boeing expects to launch the first unmanned test flight of their commercial CST-100 manned space taxi in early 2017, said Chris Ferguson, commander of NASAs final shuttle flight in an exclusive one-on-one interview with Universe Today for an inside look at Boeings space efforts. Ferguson is now spearheading Boeings human spaceflight capsule project as director of Crew and Mission Operations.

The first unmanned orbital test flight is planned in January 2017 and may go to the station, Ferguson told me during a wide ranging, in depth discussion about a variety of human spaceflight topics and Boeings ambitious plans for their privately developed CST-100 human rated spaceship with a little help from NASA.

Boeing has reserved a launch slot at Cape Canaveral with United Launch Alliance (ULA), but the details are not yet public.

If all goes well, the maiden CST-100 orbital test flight with humans would follow around mid-2017.

The first manned test could happen by the end of summer 2017 with a two person crew, he said.

And we may go all the way to the space station.

Boeing is among a trio of American aerospace firms, including SpaceX and Sierra Nevada Corp, vying to restore Americas capability to fly humans to Earth orbit and the space station by late 2017, using seed money from NASAs Commercial Crew Program (CCP) in a public/private partnership. The next round of contracts will be awarded by NASA about late summer 2014.

Thats a feat that America hasnt accomplished in nearly three years.

Its been over 1000 days and counting since we landed [on STS-135], Ferguson noted with some sadness as he checked the daily counter on his watch. He is a veteran of three space flights.

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Boeing CST-100 Space Taxi Maiden Test Flight to ISS ...

Georgia: Tinkering with the Countrys Dance DNA

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Three long-limbed, statuesque women swirl across the stage in red dresses. Their drooping sleeves slash the air. Their bleached, buzz-cut heads glow in the dim light. Always seeking a balance between tradition and innovation, the tiny South Caucasus country of Georgia is experimenting again -- this time by seeking to meld modern dance with folk dance. Unlike in the West, dance in Georgia is not the domain of the artistic few. Intricate, gravity-defying folk dances are a national obsession, a genre believed to show the country at its best. The focal point of this obsession is the state-funded Georgian National Ballet Sukhishvili, a 70-year-old company now pushing the boundaries of Georgias national dance identity with a privately financed modern-dance project. Called the Ramishvilebi, in honor of the Georgian National Ballets legendary co-founder, Nino Ramishvili, the group gives women more dynamic roles, uses a mix of jazz, electronic and Georgian traditional music, and creates more room for improvisation. It is contemporary female dancers initially dance in flesh-colored leotards that make them appear topless but [i]ts accent and soul is [sic] very Georgian, underlined Nino Sukhishvili, the companys 50-year-old general director, who oversees the modern-dance projects costumes and sets. The Georgian National Ballet Sukhishvilis core choreography reflects the desire of Ramishvili and her husband, fellow ballet dancer Ilia Sukhishvili, to blend dance traditions from Georgias regions with classical ballet. Men perform dizzying jumps and high-speed spins to a raging drumbeat or dance on their toes the repertory of twists, twirls and tumbles could put any modern break-dancer to the test, The New York Times wrote in 1988, when the company first toured the US. Womens roles are far more demure, with much graceful gliding across the stage, but have evolved in recent years to include a military dance. Nino Sukhishvili and her 42-year-old brother, the ensembles chief choreographer and artistic director, Iliko Sukhishvili (grandchildren of the ensembles co-founders) maintain that they want the troupe to recognize the past while keeping in step with the times. The modern-dance performances symbolic trio of dancers in red evolves from a folk dance for three women (Samaia) modeled on frescoes of Georgias medieval Queen Tamar, they note. Its finale, which features women in strapless black dresses with red targets on their chests, draws from the traditional military dance, Khorumi. Nonetheless, to be true to the folk roots of our dance and create something new is very difficult, conceded Iliko Sukhishvili. One American professional dancer agrees. Overall, modern dances fluid movement is at odds with the strict pattern of most Georgian dance, noted Mira Cooks, a dancer with the New-York-City-based Battery Dance Company. In 2013, the New York troupe staged master-classes for Georgian dancers that emphasized improvisation and breaking the rigid gender-conscious code that is typical of the Georgian dances. Breaking norms is a routine with which the Georgian National Ballet Sukhishvili is familiar. In the late 1920s, Nino Ramishvili danced with her later husband, Iliko Sukhishvili, in male national costume, whipping off her hat at the end to show the audience that she was a woman. The dance (Ilouri) has since become a standard performance. Other innovations have included Latin dances, and a folkotheque experiment the company brought on stage in 2004 to combine Georgian and dance-club music. The experiment sparked Georgian youngsters to try out the moves themselves in Georgian discos, Nino Sukshishvili claimed. How far most Georgian viewers are willing to go with this latest transformation of the company remains an open question, according to David Bukhrikidze, a theater critic at the news-monthly Liberali. By mixing traditional and electronic music as well as Georgian dance elements with modern ones, the project is bound to divide, Bukhridze said. The project is not the first modern-dance venture for Georgia, but traditionalists indeed frown upon it as non-Georgian, or simply bewildering. A confused jumble of movements, without a clear direction, scoffed one 42-year-old woman. I dont see the point, really. Forty-three-year-old former Sukhishvili soloist Tea Darchia, whose daughter, Mariam Matiashvili, dances in the Ramishvilebi, thinks that the group is too early for the Georgian audience, just like the Georgian National Ballet Sukhishvili itself was too early for the audience in the 1940s. The troupes productions take a few years to get to peoples heart[s], but then they are there to stay, said Darchia, who danced with the company for 28 years. Otar Kantaria, a 30-year-old international-development professional, already calls the modern-dance shows pure energy, with music that takes Georgian sound to another level. Such enthusiasm also can be seen among younger dance students in this ever-dancing country. The modern-dance groups creators, as well as participants, stress that they only welcome the debate. Said 20-year-old Tatia Ukleba, part of the Ramishvilebis symbolic trio of dancers in red, healthy criticism makes you stronger.

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Georgia: Tinkering with the Countrys Dance DNA

Oxford Medicine Online: a guide to the features and functionality – Video

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