Sen. Bill Cassidy: Religious Freedom Acts help protect First Amendment – Video

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Sen. Bill Cassidy: Religious Freedom Acts help protect First Amendment
Senator Bill Cassidy says the Religious Freedom Acts are just in place to help people protect their First Amendment right of freedom of religion. Subscribe to WDSU on YouTube now for more:...

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Sen. Bill Cassidy: Religious Freedom Acts help protect First Amendment - Video

Rebele Symposium: Shaping Your Speech – Media Reform, Past and Present – Video

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Rebele Symposium: Shaping Your Speech - Media Reform, Past and Present
From the First Amendment to Net Neutrality, How Media Regulation Affects What We Say. The Sixth Rebele Symposium for the First Amendment featuring Mignon Clyburn, Victor Pickard and Morgan...

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Rebele Symposium: Shaping Your Speech - Media Reform, Past and Present - Video

GovBeat: How religious freedom laws were praised, then hated, then forgotten, then, finally, resurrected

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The Constitution resembles a basket of kittens. It is a tangle of fuzzy edicts pushing, pulling and scratching to test at each others boundaries. For most of American history, people relied on the OG of religious liberty protections the Free Exercise Clause in the First Amendment. It says:

Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof

What does the Free Exercise Clause actually promise? Constitutional lawyers can argue about it for days on end not only because many are nitpickers by nature but because these few words offer scant guidance.

In the first 200 years, the Free Exercise Clause was interpreted cautiously. Clearly the government could not specifically target religious groups or compel people to join a church. But otherwise, if people of faith objected to a neutral law, they had to asklegislators forexemptions. People who challenged laws in court using a religious freedom argument tended to be unsuccessful, as law professor Michael McConnell explained in a history of these cases for the Harvard Law Review.

That all changed in 1963 with Sherbert v. Verner, a Supreme Court case involving a woman who lost her job because her religion prohibited her from working on Saturdays. Adeil Sherbert filed for unemployment benefits, but the state of South Carolina denied her, saying it was her own fault she couldnt find work.

By that time, the justices had significantlydeveloped theirview of civil rights law. Rulings in Korematsu v. United States the Japanese internment case and later in Brown v. Board of Education established a procedure for reviewing laws in conflict with peoplesrights.

First, the government had to prove there were very important goals at stake. Then it had to prove that there was no good way to accomplish those goals except to infringe on peoples rights with such a law. In legalese, laws had to serve a compelling interest and also had to be narrowly tailored to serve that interest.

This standard became known as strict scrutiny, and it offers the legal systems strongest protection, used against laws that interfere with constitutional rights.

Laws that discriminate based on race are subject to strict scrutiny because the14th Amendment promises the equal protection of the laws. Laws that limit certain kinds of speech are also subject to strict scrutiny because the First Amendment promises there will be no laws abridging the freedom of speech. They are presumed unconstitutional unless the governmentshowsthey are extremely important and necessary.

In 1963, the Supreme Court decided in Sherbert v. Verner that laws infringing on the exercise of religion should also be examined with strict scrutiny.

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GovBeat: How religious freedom laws were praised, then hated, then forgotten, then, finally, resurrected

Dianne Feinstein: 'Anarchist Cookbook' not protected by First Amendment

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Sen. Dianne Feinstein said Thursday that bombmaking guides like The Anarchist Cookbook and al Qaedas Inspire magazine are not protected by the First Amendment and should be removed from the Internet.

The California Democrat was commenting on the arrests Thursday of two women accused of plotting a terror attack in New York City, CNS News reported.

I am particularly struck that the alleged bombers made use of online bombmaking guides like the Anarchist Cookbook and Inspire Magazine, Ms. Feinstein said in a statement shortly after the arrests were announced. These documents are not, in my view, protected by the First Amendment and should be removed from the Internet.

SEE ALSO: Anarchist Cookbook author William Powell wants his own book banned

The arrests of two women in New York accused of plotting to carry out bombings remind us that the threat of terrorism inside the United States endures, she said. We must remain vigilant against these types of attacks and place a high priority on tracking and interdicting such plots.

The Anarchist Cookbook was published in 1971 by author William Powell, whodeclared in 2013 that it should be taken out of print following a high school shooting in Colorado.

Inspire is an English language online magazine reported to be published by the organization Al Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula (AQAP).

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Dianne Feinstein: 'Anarchist Cookbook' not protected by First Amendment

Bugs in Tor network used in attacks against underground markets

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Too many onion circuits can spoil the server, thanks to a Tor hidden service vulnerability.

Aurich Lawson / Thinkstock

The operator of an underground marketplace hosted within the Tor network has reported a flaw in Tor that he claims is being used for an ongoing denial of service attack on the site.

The problem, which is similar to one reported by another hidden site operator in December on the Tor mailing list, allows attackers to conduct a denial of service attack against hidden sites by creating a large number of simultaneous connections, or "circuits," via Tor, overwhelming the hidden service's ability to respond.

The problem is still under review, but it appears to be related to abuse of the "introduce" message in the Tor Hidden Services protocol, which is used to negotiate the connection between the client and the hidden server. By sending multiple "introduce" requests to the same hidden service, an attacker could make the targeted server create multiple circuits (paths over the Tor network used for the session), eating the server's available CPU and network resources and making it inaccessible to users.

An individual associated with Middle Earth, one of the hidden sites targeted by the denial of service attacks, posted to reddit's "darknet markets" subreddit earlier this week to apologize for the long downtime associated with the attack. Using the reddit account name MEMGandalf, he claimed "Middle Earth and Agora are the focus of the most serious attack TOR has ever seen." He additionally reported that Middle Earth's operator had reported the flaw to Tor. (The bug report was opened under the name "alberto.") The attack raised the server's processor load to 100 percent utilization.

While the problem has been reproduced by at least one Tor developer, short-term fixes proposed to prevent the attacks have, thus far, not panned out. A number of long-term fixes have been proposed that require substantial changes to Tor's Hidden Services Protocol implementation, including the use of dedicated bridges to connect larger hidden sites to Tor (part of Tor's Proposal 188, first put forward in 2012 by Tor co-founder and developer Roger Dingledine in June 2012).

There was also a number of Tor client-related security patches pushed out this weeklargely triggered by a critical "safety hazard" alert from Mozilla for Firefox, Firefox Extended Support Release, and the Thunderbird mail client. Both the Tor Browser Bundle and Tails live-bootable operating system were updated to fix problems in the Mozilla browser engine used across all the projects. Because of problems in how the browser engine handled memory safety, "we presume that with enough effort at least some of these (flaws) could be exploited to run arbitrary code," the Mozilla team noted in the alert.

The Tor Browser Bundle and the Tor browser in Tails both use Firefox ESR as their code base. In theory, the flaws could be exploited to run script within a browser session that could be used to launch an attack against the browser by loading code to memory outside the browser's context. Now that the flaw has been made public, Tor and the Tails project are urging users to update their software as soon as possible.

The latest Tails release also fixes more problems in OpenSSL, the open-source crypto kit that was the source of last year's Heartbleed bug. A set of problems in OpenSSL that could have caused memory corruption and software crashes found in the Debian distribution of Linux were patched in mid-March; Tails is based on Debian, and these fixes were rolled into the latest bootable distribution.

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Bugs in Tor network used in attacks against underground markets

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