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News from Annals of Internal Medicine April 7, 2015

1. Weight Watchers and Jenny Craig come out on top among commercial weight loss programs

Note: Sound bites, b-roll footage, and image available. Satellite coordinates and feed times are below. Physicians looking for an effective commercial weight-loss program for their overweight and obese patients may want to recommend Weight Watchers or Jenny Craig. According to an updated evidence review of 11 commercial weight-loss programs, only Weight Watchers and Jenny Craig showed evidence for effective long-term weight loss. The review is published in Annals of Internal Medicine.

More than one-third of U.S. adults are obese. The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommends that clinicians screen all adults for obesity and offer or refer overweight or obese patients to intensive, multi-component behavioral interventions for weight loss. Several commercial weight loss programs meet the recommended criteria, but their efficacy is unclear. Researchers reviewed published research to compare weight loss, adherence, and harms of 11 commercial or proprietary weight loss programs. All of the programs studied emphasized nutrition and behavioral counseling or social support components with or without physical activity. Of those, Weight Watchers, Jenny Craig, Nutrisystem, Health Management Resources, Medifast, OPTIFAST, Atkins, The Biggest Loser Club, eDiets, Lose It!, and SlimFast had trials that met inclusion criteria.

The researchers found that only Jenny Craig and Weight Watchers showed evidence that they helped people lose weight and then keep it off for twelve months or more. Other popular programs, such as NutriSystem, showed promising weight-loss results in the short-term, but additional research is needed to determine long-term results.

The author of an accompanying editorial is not surprised that highly structured programs with in-person social support, such as Weight Watchers and Jenny Craig, seem more effective but cautions that weight loss with such programs is modest and likely below patients' expectations. These unrealistic expectations may affect patients' willingness to adhere to any program.

Note: The URL will be live when the embargo lifts. For an embargoed PDF, please contact Megan Hanks. To interview the lead author, please contact Heather Dewar at hdewar@jhmi.edu or 410-502-9463.

2. Physical therapy as effective as surgery for lumber spinal stenosis

Patients with lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) who followed an evidence-based, standardized physical therapy (PT) regimen achieved similar symptom relief and improvements in physical functioning as those who underwent surgical decompression, according to a study published in Annals of Internal Medicine.

LSS is an anatomical impairment characterized by narrowing of the spinal canal or nerve root foramen that causes pain, weakness in the lower back, buttocks, and thighs. LSS is the most often cited cause for lumbar surgery in the United States and studies comparing surgical with nonsurgical treatment of LSS have been done but outcomes are unclear.

Patients with LSS who were surgical candidates and who provided consent for surgery were randomly assigned to either evidence-based, standardized PT two times per week for six weeks or surgical decompression. After treatment, no differences were detected between the two groups with respect to relieving symptoms and improving function. Both groups began to show improvement at 10 weeks and continued to improve through 26 weeks. Improvements were maintained for both groups through the two-year follow up.

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News from Annals of Internal Medicine April 7, 2015

Dr. Theodore Kastner to Assume Leadership Role at the Kennedy Center at Albert Einstein College of Medicine and …

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Newswise April 6, 2014 (BRONX, NY)Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University and Montefiore Health System have named Theodore A. Kastner, M.D., co-director of the Kennedy Center, whose mission is to improve the quality of life of people with intellectual and developmental disabilities and their families, and director of its primary clinical arm, the Children's Evaluation and Rehabilitation Center (CERC). Dr. Kastner assumed the new post on April 6.

In these capacities, Dr. Kastner will work closely with Steven U. Walkley, D.V.M., Ph.D., and John Foxe, Ph.D. Dr. Walkley will co-direct the Kennedy Center with Dr. Kastner and continue as director of the Rose F. Kennedy Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center (IDDRC). Dr. Foxe will continue as director of research at CERC.

Ted has a remarkable skill for developing and managing innovative and integrated models of patient-centered care and care coordination for those with complex needs, said Judy Aschner, M.D., physician-in-chief, the Childrens Hospital at Montefiore (CHAM), professor and Michael I. Cohen, M.D., University Chair of Pediatrics at Einstein. This talent, coupled with his compassion for patients and their families, will enhance and expand the capabilities and reach of the Kennedy Center and CERC to children and adults with developmental disabilities throughout the Bronx and Westchester County and beyond.

Since its founding in 1956, CERC has provided a broad spectrum of services for children and, despite its name, adults with conditions that include autism, learning disabilities, and developmental disabilities. One of the largest facilities of its kind in the United States, CERC provides more than 55,000 diagnostic, therapeutic and related visits to approximately 7,500 individuals and families each year.

In addition to these clinical services and the research centers led by Dr. Walkley and Dr. Foxe, the Kennedy Center houses robust training and community-support programs. Dr. Kastner will become director of its Rose F. Kennedy University Center for Excellence in Developmental Disabilities, one of 67 designated regional centers that are federally funded to conduct interdisciplinary training, provide clinical services, furnish technical assistance, carry out research, and create a bridge between universities and the community. He will also direct the Leadership in Neurodevelopmental Disabilities (LEND) fellowship, which provides training to professionals in developmental and behavioral pediatrics, special care and general dentistry, medical genetics and genetic counseling, physiatry, psychology, social work, nursing, and other specialties.

For almost three decades, Ted has been at the forefront of his field, driving change to improve care and spearheading innovative approaches to serving those with intellectual and developmental disabilities and their families, said Allen M. Spiegel, M.D., the Marilyn and Stanley M. Katz Dean at Einstein. His leadership will be vital in strengthening and expanding clinical care, research and training programs at Montefiore and Einstein and improving the lives of our patients and their caregivers.

Dr. Kastner is a leading authority on the care of people with autism, cerebral palsy, Down syndrome, and other intellectual and developmental disabilities. For the past 18 years, he has served as president of Developmental Disabilities Health Alliance, Inc. (DDHA), the largest provider of healthcare and care management services to intellectually and developmentally disabled persons in New Jersey. He is currently project director of a $2.4 million grant awarded by the New York State Department of Health to CERC to expand and improve access to community-based services for people with developmental disabilities in the Bronx and Westchester.

The Rose F. Kennedy Center was among the first centers in the country established for people with intellectual and developmental disabilities and has a long and exemplary history of service, training, research and advocacy in the field, said Dr. Kastner. I completed my pediatric training at Jacobi Hospital and my fellowship in developmental pediatrics at CERC. It is a particular honor to return to the Bronx and lead CERC during its integration with Montefiore.

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Dr. Theodore Kastner to Assume Leadership Role at the Kennedy Center at Albert Einstein College of Medicine and ...

Beware the Silicon Valley elite: Ayn Rand, Google libertarianism and Indianas religious freedom

That the masters of the tech universe jumped so forcefully into the middle of the Indiana gay rights imbroglio was, as many have noted, a marked change from business as usual in Silicon Valley, where the digerati had previously been reluctant to involve themselves in political issues not directly related to their bottom lines.

As Marc Benioff, chairman and CEO of the cloud computing behemoth Salesforce, told the New York Times, Were wading into territory none of us is comfortable in, which is social issues, he said. But it was crystal clear that, by all of us going in together, it was going to be O.K.

Only time will tell, of course, whether this was a harbinger of political activism to come, and, if it is, whether or not thats a good thing. The engineers of Silicon Valley are far from the first of their kind to have been relatively uninterested in the nitty gritty of political engagement.

In the early decades of the 20th century the growing powers of industrialism bestowed upon engineers previously thought of as the guys with greasy overalls whose expertise extended only as far the workshop door a new measure of power and prestige. Academia responded with a massive increase in engineering programs. The number of American engineering graduates increased from 100 a year in 1870 to 4,300 a year in 1914. What had been a trade became a profession.

Meanwhile technological advances were producing growing political, economic and social complexities that politicians seemed increasingly unable to handle. What was needed was better planning and efficiency, which is what technicians did best. A rising chorus of opinion suggested it was time to let the engineers take the helm of the ship of state, and some agreed. One of them was the engineer, editor and manufacturer Henry Goslee Prout, who in 1905 lectured Cornells first class of civil engineering graduates on the enormous responsibility they carried on their shoulders.

My proposition is that the engineer more than all other men will guide humanity forward until we come to some other period of a different kind, Prout said. On the engineer and on those who are making engineers rests a responsibility such as men have never before been called upon to face, for it is a peculiarity of the new epoch that we are conscious of it, that we know what we are doing, which was not true in either of the six preceding epochs, and we have upon us the responsibility of conscious knowledge.

Among the more forceful technocratic voices to emerge during this period was that of the economist and social critic Thorstein Veblen. Best known today as the man who coined the phrase conspicuous consumption, Veblen relentlessly attacked the wastefulness of American business. Overproduction and overselling of useless goods were ruining the country, he argued. The solution was to turn policy and administration over to skilled technologists who would exercise systematic control over the economy.

Somehow the ascent of the engineers that Veblen and others envisioned never materialized. Despite their growing professional confidence, they seemed personally reluctant to pursue broader political power. Veblen couldnt conceal his disdain. [B]y settled habit, he fumed, the technicians, the engineers and the industrial experts, are a harmless and docile sort, well fed on the whole, and somewhat placidly content with the full dinner-pail, which the lieutenants of the Vested Interests habitually allow them.

The idea that engineers could successfully run government, even if they wanted to, took a beating with the presidency of Herbert Hoover, the nations first and so far only Engineer in Chief. A further blow to engineering credibility came several decades later when uber-technocrat Robert McNamara unleashed mountains of precision analysis against the pesky guerrilla fighters hiding in the jungles of Vietnam. In 1962 McNamara returned from his first tour of the Asian theater brimming with confidence. Every quantitative measurement we have shows we are winning this war, he said.

Its likely that the hacker mind-set rebellious, but narrowly focused explains why the programming elite of Silicon Valley havent been, heretofore, especially active politically, which isnt to say the technocratic mind-set isnt alive and well there. Googles Eric Schmidt and Netscape founder Marc Andreessen are among those who believe that technology is well on its way to solving all our problems, if only government will get out the way, and government increasingly shows signs of agreeing with them.

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Beware the Silicon Valley elite: Ayn Rand, Google libertarianism and Indianas religious freedom

Rand Paul seems to stray from libertarian roots as he courts GOP base

When the presidential buzz began building around Sen. Rand Paul (R-Ky.) a couple of years ago, the expectation was that his libertarian ideas could make him the most unusual and intriguing voice among the major contenders in the 2016 field.

But now, as he prepares to make his formal announcement Tuesday, Paul is a candidate who has turned fuzzy, having trimmed his positions and rhetoric so much that its unclear what kind of Republican he will present himself as when he takes the stage.

Hes going to get his moment in the sun, said David Adams, who served as campaign chairman for Pauls insurgent 2010 Senate campaign. What he does with it from there will have bearing on the Republican Party.

There are at least two areas where Paul has moved more in line with the conservative Republican base, somewhat to the consternation of the purists in the libertarian movement: adopting a more muscular posture on defense and foreign policy, and courting the religious right.

Where he once pledged to sharply cut the Pentagons budget, for instance, Paul late last month proposed a $190billion increase over the next two years albeit one that would be paid for by cutting foreign aid and other government programs. His tour following the announcement of his candidacy will include an event at Patriots Point in South Carolinas Charleston Harbor, with the World War II-era aircraft carrier USS Yorktown as a backdrop.

With an optimistic speech surmising that "America's best days are ahead of us," Sen. Rand Paul (R-Ky.) garnered big applause and chants of "President Paul" at the 2015 Conservative Political Action Conference. (AP)

[What Rand Pauls defense spending proposal tells us about his 2016 strategy]

The haziness over Pauls positions increased last week with his conspicuous silence on controversies in the realms of both national security and the cultural fronts.

Nearly all of his potential rivals for the 2016 GOP nomination have been vocal in their support for Indianas new religious liberties law, which critics say would allow discrimination against gays. And the Republican response to President Obamas nuclear negotiations with Iran has been widespread skepticism.

In both instances, Pauls office said he was vacationing with his family and would not comment.

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Rand Paul seems to stray from libertarian roots as he courts GOP base

US Presidential candidate Rand Paul veers from libertarian positions

KAREN TUMULTY AND ROBERT COSTA

Last updatedMon Apr 06 05:14:03 UTC 2015

LAURA BUCKMAN / Reuters

HIPSTER SENATOR?: Rand Paul talks during a session at the South by Southwest (SXSW) interactive, film and music conference in Austin, Texas, last month.

When the US presidential buzz began building around Senator Rand Paul a couple of years ago, the expectation was that his libertarian ideas could make him the most unusual and intriguing voice among the major contenders in the 2016 field.

But now, as he prepares to make his formal announcement on Tuesday (local time), the Kentucky Republican is a candidate who has turned fuzzy, having trimmed his positions and rhetoric so much that it's unclear what kind of Republican he will present himself as when he takes the stage.

"He's going to get his moment in the sun," said David Adams, who served as campaign chairman for Paul's insurgent 2010 Senate campaign. "What he does with it from there will have bearing on the Republican Party."

KEVIN LAMARQUE / Reuters

RIGHT-WING: Rand Paul speaks the CPAC conference in Maryland in February.

There are at least two areas where Paul has moved more in line with the conservative Republican base, somewhat to the consternation of the purists in the libertarian movement: adopting a more muscular posture on defense and foreign policy and courting the religious right.

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US Presidential candidate Rand Paul veers from libertarian positions

Stop calling this man a libertarian: What 2016 campaign journos miss about Rand Paul

Nothing screams Im a libertarian like a creepy, cultish, rhyming campaign slogan, dont you think? Something like Defeat the Washington machine. Unleash the American dream, Sen. Rand Pauls new motto (as leaked to Politico), teasing the kickoff to his 2016 presidential campaign?

Cant you imagine glassy-eyed, libertarian-minded Millennials chanting that slogan, maybe wearing some kind of military-style yet vaguely hipsterish campaign uniform?

No, actually, I cant either. Rhyming slogans dont say libertarian to me; Pauls tweet seemed weirdly authoritarian, in fact. But on the eve of Pauls announcing a 2016 presidential run, nothing makes sense about his campaign branding, or the way the media simply accept it, in all its messy, massively self-contradictory glory.

So I write to give my colleagues one simple tip to improve their Paul campaign coverage: Stop calling him a libertarian. Stop it right now.

And a related piece of advice: Stop reflexively insisting hes going to appeal to supposedly libertarian-minded Millennials. Because hes not.

Robert Draper didnt create the Paul charade, but he seriously helped it along, in his New York Times magazine piece on the nations supposed libertarian moment last August. He saw the moment well-captured by Rand Paul, who was to the libertarian movement what Pearl Jam is to rock, Draper wrote, explaining.On issues including same-sex marriage, surveillance and military intervention, his positions more closely mirror those of young voters than those of the G.O.P. establishment.

Many good reporters and analysts have spent many long hours debunking Drapers assumptions. (I tried it here.) On issues of womens rights and LGBT rights, immigration, drug legalization and even military spending and intervention, Paul has either always been or has become a fairly standard issue Republicans.

Think Progresss Judd Legum runs exhaustively through the record, but here are a few highlights. First of all, hes staunchly anti-choice, supporting the Life begins at Conception Act and pretty much every other piece of anti-abortion legislation thats come before him. Hes got a 100 percent rating from the National Right to Life Committee. To be fair, other libertarians have gotten away with being pro-liberty for everyone but women. Pauls father Ron, who was somewhat more genuinely libertarian than his son, likewise supported draconian anti-abortion laws.

And while Paul used to sound vaguely live-and-let-live when it came to gay marriage, he has toughened his rhetoric. He now says the idea of a marriage between a same-sex couples offends myself and a lot of people, and hes joined Rick Santorum in suggesting it may lead to interspecies intimacy. We learned last week that he doesnt even believe in the concept of gay rights, telling an interviewer in 2013, I really dont believe in rights based on your behavior.

Where libertarians tend to support liberalizing immigration laws and promoting more open borders, Paul has voted against any liberalization of U.S. immigration policy. He even cosponsored a bill with Sen. David Vitter to end citizenship rights for the children of foreigners born on this soil, when he first got to the Senate. Citizenship is a privilege, Paul said at the time, and only those who respect our immigration laws should be allowed to enjoy its benefits.

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Stop calling this man a libertarian: What 2016 campaign journos miss about Rand Paul