1965 – "Moore’s Law" Predicts the Future of Integrated …

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Fairchild's Director of R & D predicts the rate of increase of transistor density on an integrated circuit and establishes a yardstick for technology progress.

Gordon Moore, Fairchild Semiconductor's Director of R&D, wrote an internal paper in which he drew a line through five points representing the number of components per integrated circuit for minimum cost per component developed between 1959 and 1964. "The Future of Integrated Electronics" attempted to predict "the development of integrated electronics for perhaps the next ten years." Extrapolating the trend to 1975 he projected that the number of components per chip would reach 65,000; a doubling every 12 months. Edited for publication as a magazine article, "Cramming more components onto integrated circuits" was published in Electronics on April 19, 1965.

At the 1975 IEEE International Electron Devices Meeting Moore, by now with Intel, noted that advances in photolithography, wafer size, process technology, and "circuit and device cleverness," especially in semiconductor memory arrays, had allowed his projection to be realized. Adding more recent data, that included a higher mix of microprocessor designs that were somewhat less dense than memories, he slowed the future rate of increase in complexity to "a doubling every two years, rather than every year."

This prediction became a self-fulfilling prophecy that emerged as one of the driving principles of the semiconductor industry. Technologists were challenged with delivering annual breakthroughs that ensured compliance with "Moore's Law," as it was dubbed by Carver Mead. On reviewing the status of the industry again in 1995 (at which time an Intel Pentium microprocessor held nearly 5 million transistors) Moore concluded that "The current prediction is that this is not going to stop soon." Devices exceeding one (U.S.) billion transistors exist today.

Contemporary Documents

Moore, Gordon. "The Future of Integrated Electronics." Fairchild Semiconductor internal publication (1964).

Moore, Gordon. "Cramming More Components onto Integrated Circuits," Electronics Magazine Vol. 38, No. 8 (April 19, 1965).

Moore, Gordon. "Progress in Digital Integrated Electronics" IEEE, IEDM Tech Digest (1975) pp.11-13.

Moore, Gordon. "Lithography and the Future of Moore's Law," Proceedings of SPIE, Vol. 2437 (May 1995).

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Donald C. Moore I Cincinnati Personal Injury Attorney

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Donald C. Moore, Jr., has over 30 years of experience handling personal injury claims on behalf of accident victims and their loved ones. Don is experienced in representing clients in all types of personal injury claims. Along with his son, Daniel N. Moore, Don can provide you with the skilled representation you need in your personal injury case.

Don worked his way through law school as a full-time insurance claims adjuster. He worked for one of the largest insurance companies in the world, investigating and negotiating claims for some of the largest corporations in the world. He handled trucking cases, automobile accidents, medical malpractice cases for three major hospitals, premises liability cases for large hotel chains and supermarkets and many other types of cases.

Upon completion of law school, he went to work for the family law firm, established by his grandfather, father and uncle. After 13 years with the family firm, Don founded The Moore Law Firm, where he continues to proudly represent people who have been seriously injured or the families of those killed as a result of negligence.

During the course of his career, Don has done the following:

Don has received the following professional honors throughout his career:

Don concentrates his practice on personal injury law, including the following types of personal injury cases:

Don is a 1976 graduate of the University of Cincinnati with a Bachelors degree in Business Administration. Following his college graduation, Don attended the Salmon P. Chase College of Law at the Northern Kentucky University, where he received his Juris Doctor in 1979.

Don is admitted before all state courts in Ohio and Kentucky, U.S. District Federal Courts for the Southern District of Ohio and the Eastern District of Kentucky, and the U.S. Supreme Court

Don is or has been affiliated with the following organizations:

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Kovalam – Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

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Kovalam is a beach town by the Arabian Sea in Thiruvananthapuram city, Kerala, India, located around 16km from the city center.[1]

Kovalam means a grove of coconut trees and true to its name the village offers an endless sight of coconut trees.

Kovalam first received attention when the Regent Maharani Sethu Lakshmi Bayi of Travancore constructed her beach resort, Halcyon Castle, here towards the end of the 1920s. Thereafter the place was brought to the public eye by her nephew the Maharaja of Travancore.[2] The European guests of the then Travancore kingdom discovered the potentiality of Kovalam beach as a tourist destination in the 1930s. However, Kovalam shot into limelight in the early seventies with arrivals of the masses of hippies on their way to Ceylon in the Hippie Trail. This exodus started the transformation of a casual fishing village of Kerala into one of the most important tourist destinations in all India.[3]

Kovalam has three beaches separated by rocky outcroppings in its 17km coastline, the three together form the famous crescent of the Kovalam beach

Detour past Kovalam junction to land on Samudra Beach which is to the north of Ashoka Beach. One has the option to walk along the sea-wall too.The sight of the waves lashing on the rocks below is awesome. Shallow waters stretching for hundreds of metres are ideal for swimming. The beaches have steep palm covered headlands and are lined with shops that offer all kinds of goods and services.[6]

The larger of the beaches is called Light House Beach for its 35 metre high light house which towers over it atop Kurumkal hillock. The second largest one is Hawah Beach named thus for the topless European women who used to throng there. It was the first topless beach in India.[citation needed] However topless bathing is banned now except in private coves owned by resorts. Visitors frequent these two beaches. The northern part of the beach is known as Samudra Beach in tourism parlance. A large promontory separates this part from the southern side. Samudra Beach doesn't have tourists thronging there or hectic business. The local fishermen ply their trade on this part. The sands on the beaches in Kovalam are partially black in colour due to the presence of ilmenite and Monazite. The normal tourist season is from September to May. Ashoka beach is also the part of Kovalam beach.

There are a large number of beach resorts in and around Kovalam. The sea port of Vizhinjam is about 3km away and famous for its special varieties of fish, old Hindu temples, big churches and a mosque. The Proposed International Trans shipment Terminal at Vizhinjam is also close to Kovalam.

Kovalam was among the most prominent tourist spots in India during the hippy era. It still has a high status among tourists, who arrive mostly from Europe and Israel.[citation needed] Kovalam is finding a new significance in the light of several Ayurvedic salons, and recuperation and regeneration resorts which provide a wide variety of Ayurvedic treatments for tourists.[7]

Kovalam assembly constituency is part of Trivandrum (Lok Sabha constituency).[8] The assembly constituency of Kovalam is represented by Jameela Prakasham of Janatha Dal. She defeated the sitting MLA Adv. George Mercier.[9][10]

Hawwah beach (Eves beach)

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Anarcho-capitalism – Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

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Anarcho-capitalism (anarcho referring to the lack of coercion and capitalism referring to the liberation of capital, also referred to as free-market anarchism,[2]market anarchism,[3]private-property anarchism,[4]libertarian anarchism,[5] among others (see below) and the short term "ancap") is a political philosophy which advocates the elimination of the state - which distorts market signals, breeds corruption, and institutionalizes monopoly - in favor of individual sovereignty, absence of invasive private property policies and open markets (laissez-faire capitalism). Anarcho-capitalists believe that in the absence of statute (law by decree or legislation), society would improve itself through the discipline of the free market (or what its proponents describe as a "voluntary society").[6][7] In an anarcho-capitalist society, law enforcement, courts, and all other security services would be operated by privately funded competitors rather than centrally through compulsory taxation. Money, along with all other goods and services, would be privately and competitively provided in an open market. Therefore, personal and economic activities under anarcho-capitalism would be regulated by victim-based dispute resolution organizations under tort and contract law, rather than by statute through centrally determined punishment under political monopolies.[8]

Various theorists have espoused legal philosophies similar to anarcho-capitalism. The first person to use the term, however, was Murray Rothbard, who in the mid-20th century synthesized elements from the Austrian School of economics, classical liberalism, and 19th-century American individualist anarchists Lysander Spooner and Benjamin Tucker (while rejecting their labor theory of value and the norms they derived from it).[9] A Rothbardian anarcho-capitalist society would operate under a mutually agreed-upon libertarian "legal code which would be generally accepted, and which the courts would pledge themselves to follow."[10] This pact would recognize self-ownership and the non-aggression principle (NAP), although methods of enforcement vary.

Anarcho-capitalists are to be distinguished from minarchists, who advocate a small government (often referred to as a 'night-watchman state') limited to the function of individual protection, and from social anarchists who seek to prohibit or regulate the accumulation of property and the flow of capital.

Anarcho-capitalists argue for a society based on the voluntary trade of private property and services (in sum, all relationships not caused by threats or violence, including exchanges of money, consumer goods, land, and capital goods) in order to minimize conflict while maximizing individual liberty and prosperity. However, they also recognize charity and communal arrangements as part of the same voluntary ethic.[11] Though anarcho-capitalists are known for asserting a right to private (individualized or joint non-public) property, some propose that non-state public or community property can also exist in an anarcho-capitalist society.[12] For them, what is important is that it is acquired and transferred without help or hindrance from the compulsory state. Anarcho-capitalist libertarians believe that the only just, and/or most economically beneficial, way to acquire property is through voluntary trade, gift, or labor-based original appropriation, rather than through aggression or fraud.[13]

Anarcho-capitalists see free-market capitalism as the basis for a free and prosperous society. Murray Rothbard said that the difference between free-market capitalism and "state capitalism" is the difference between "peaceful, voluntary exchange" and a collusive partnership between business and government that uses coercion to subvert the free market.[14] (Rothbard is credited with coining the term "Anarcho-capitalism").[15][16] "Capitalism," as anarcho-capitalists employ the term, is not to be confused with state monopoly capitalism, crony capitalism, corporatism, or contemporary mixed economies, wherein market incentives and disincentives may be altered by state action.[17] They therefore reject the state, seeing it as an entity which steals property (through taxation and expropriation), initiates aggression, has a compulsory monopoly on the use of force, uses its coercive powers to benefit some businesses and individuals at the expense of others, creates artificial monopolies, restricts trade, and restricts personal freedoms via drug laws, compulsory education, conscription, laws on food and morality, and the like.

Many anarchists view capitalism as an inherently authoritarian and hierarchical system, and seek the expropriation of private property.[18] There is disagreement between these left anarchists and laissez-faire anarcho-capitalists,[19] as the former generally rejects anarcho-capitalism as a form of anarchism and considers anarcho-capitalism an oxymoron,[20][21][22] while the latter holds that such expropriation is counterproductive to order, and would require a state.[8] On the Nolan chart, anarcho-capitalists are located at the northernmost apex of the libertarian quadrant - since they reject state involvement in both economic and personal affairs.[23]

Laissez-faire anarchists argue that the state is an initiation of force because force can be used against those who have not stolen private property, vandalized private property, assaulted anyone, or committed fraud. Many also argue that subsidized monopolies tend to be corrupt and inefficient. Anarchist theorist Rothbard argued that all government services, including defense, are inefficient because they lack a market-based pricing mechanism regulated by the voluntary decisions of consumers purchasing services that fulfill their highest-priority needs and by investors seeking the most profitable enterprises to invest in.[24] Many anarchists also argue that private defense and court agencies would have to have a good reputation in order to stay in business. Furthermore, Linda and Morris Tannehill argue that no coercive monopoly of force can arise on a truly free market and that a government's citizenry can't desert them in favor of a competent protection and defense agency.[25]

Rothbard bases his philosophy on natural law grounds and also provides economic explanations of why he thinks anarcho-capitalism is preferable on pragmatic grounds as well. David D. Friedman says he is not an absolutist rights theorist but is also "not a utilitarian", however, he does believe that "utilitarian arguments are usually the best way to defend libertarian views".[26]Peter Leeson argues that "the case for anarchy derives its strength from empirical evidence, not theory."[27]Hans-Hermann Hoppe, meanwhile, uses "argumentation ethics" for his foundation of "private property anarchism",[28] which is closer to Rothbard's natural law approach.

I define anarchist society as one where there is no legal possibility for coercive aggression against the person or property of any individual. Anarchists oppose the State because it has its very being in such aggression, namely, the expropriation of private property through taxation, the coercive exclusion of other providers of defense service from its territory, and all of the other depredations and coercions that are built upon these twin foci of invasions of individual rights.

Rothbard in Society and State

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David Zach, Futurist – Keynote Speaker | Home

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Reason #1 You want credentials.David earned a masters degree in Studies of the Future from the University of Houston. Its good for the audience to know that hes not just making stuff up. And, with over 1500 keynote talks so far, hes got a track record thats easy to find.

Reason #2 You want entertaining. David does not market himself as a humorist, but audience members always marvel at how they expected a dry and statistical talk from a futurist, and got one where they were laughing continually with the humor always making a point and always holding their attention, learning instead of worrying.

Reason #3 You want serious.One minute theyre laughing and in the next, you can hear a pin drop. Weaving fascinating ideas with profound implications, those who hear David find themselves deep in thought one moment and then engaged in some of the best conversations theyve had in years.

Reason #4 You want understanding, not platitudes. His talks are never canned. He has a variety of themes which he uses to weave in facts, issues and trends that are pointed inward towards the concerns of your audience.

Reason #5 You want engagement. David often attends the meetings he speaks at and makes an effort to connect the thinking between all those conferences. Hes there to teach and to learn and to engage in conversations both on and off the stage.

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Eutrophication – Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

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Eutrophication (Greek: eutrophiahealthy, adequate nutrition, development; German: Eutrophie) or more precisely hypertrophication, is the ecosystem's response to the addition of artificial or natural substances, mainly phosphates, through detergents, fertilizers, or sewage, to an aquatic system.[1] One example is the "bloom" or great increase of phytoplankton in a water body as a response to increased levels of nutrients. Negative environmental effects include hypoxia, the depletion of oxygen in the water, which may cause death to aquatic animals.

Eutrophication arises from the oversupply of nutrients, which induces explosive growth of plants and algae which, when such organisms die, consume the oxygen in the body of water, thereby creating the state of hypoxia.

According to Ullmann's Encyclopedia, "the primary limiting factor for eutrophication is phosphate." The availability of phosphorus generally promotes excessive plant growth and decay, favouring simple algae and plankton over other more complicated plants, and causes a severe reduction in water quality. Phosphorus is a necessary nutrient for plants to live, and is the limiting factor for plant growth in many freshwater ecosystems. Phosphate adheres tightly to soil, so it is mainly transported by erosion. Once translocated to lakes, the extraction of phosphate into water is slow, hence the difficulty of reversing the effects of eutrophication.[2]

The source of this excess phosphate are detergents, industrial/domestic run-off, and fertilizers. With the phasing out of phosphate-containing detergents in the 1970s, industrial/domestic run-off and agriculture have emerged as the dominant contributors to eutrophication.[3]

When algae die, they decompose and the nutrients contained in that organic matter are converted into inorganic form by microorganisms. This decomposition process consumes oxygen, which reduces the concentration of dissolved oxygen. The depleted oxygen levels in turn may lead to fish kills and a range of other effects reducing bio-diversity. Nutrients may become concentrated in an anoxic zone and may only be made available again during autumn turn-over or in conditions of turbulent flow.

Enhanced growth of aquatic vegetation or phytoplankton and algal blooms disrupts normal functioning of the ecosystem, causing a variety of problems such as a lack of oxygen needed for fish and shellfish to survive. The water becomes cloudy, typically coloured a shade of green, yellow, brown, or red. Eutrophication also decreases the value of rivers, lakes and aesthetic enjoyment. Health problems can occur where eutrophic conditions interfere with drinking water treatment.[4]

Human activities can accelerate the rate at which nutrients enter ecosystems. Runoff from agriculture and development, pollution from septic systems and sewers, sewage sludge spreading, and other human-related activities increase the flow of both inorganic nutrients and organic substances into ecosystems. Elevated levels of atmospheric compounds of nitrogen can increase nitrogen availability. Phosphorus is often regarded as the main culprit in cases of eutrophication in lakes subjected to "point source" pollution from sewage pipes. The concentration of algae and the trophic state of lakes correspond well to phosphorus levels in water. Studies conducted in the Experimental Lakes Area in Ontario have shown a relationship between the addition of phosphorus and the rate of eutrophication. Humankind has increased the rate of phosphorus cycling on Earth by four times, mainly due to agricultural fertilizer production and application. Between 1950 and 1995, an estimated 600,000,000 tonnes of phosphorus were applied to Earth's surface, primarily on croplands.[5] Policy changes to control point sources of phosphorus have resulted in rapid control of eutrophication.[citation needed]

Although eutrophication is commonly caused by human activities, it can also be a natural process, particularly in lakes. Eutrophy occurs in many lakes in temperate grasslands, for instance. Paleolimnologists now recognise that climate change, geology, and other external influences are critical in regulating the natural productivity of lakes. Some lakes also demonstrate the reverse process (meiotrophication), becoming less nutrient rich with time.[6][7] The main difference between natural and anthropogenic eutrophication is that the natural process is very slow, occurring on geological time scales.[8]

Eutrophication is a common phenomenon in coastal waters. In contrast to freshwater systems, nitrogen is more commonly the key limiting nutrient of marine waters; thus, nitrogen levels have greater importance to understanding eutrophication problems in salt water. Estuaries tend to be naturally eutrophic because land-derived nutrients are concentrated where run-off enters a confined channel. Upwelling in coastal systems also promotes increased productivity by conveying deep, nutrient-rich waters to the surface, where the nutrients can be assimilated by algae.

The World Resources Institute has identified 375 hypoxic coastal zones in the world, concentrated in coastal areas in Western Europe, the Eastern and Southern coasts of the US, and East Asia, particularly Japan.[9]

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Dark Energy, Dark Matter – NASA Science

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Dark Energy, Dark Matter

In the early 1990s, one thing was fairly certain about the expansion of the Universe. It might have enough energy density to stop its expansion and recollapse, it might have so little energy density that it would never stop expanding, but gravity was certain to slow the expansion as time went on. Granted, the slowing had not been observed, but, theoretically, the Universe had to slow. The Universe is full of matter and the attractive force of gravity pulls all matter together. Then came 1998 and the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) observations of very distant supernovae that showed that, a long time ago, the Universe was actually expanding more slowly than it is today. So the expansion of the Universe has not been slowing due to gravity, as everyone thought, it has been accelerating. No one expected this, no one knew how to explain it. But something was causing it.

Eventually theorists came up with three sorts of explanations. Maybe it was a result of a long-discarded version of Einstein's theory of gravity, one that contained what was called a "cosmological constant." Maybe there was some strange kind of energy-fluid that filled space. Maybe there is something wrong with Einstein's theory of gravity and a new theory could include some kind of field that creates this cosmic acceleration. Theorists still don't know what the correct explanation is, but they have given the solution a name. It is called dark energy.

More is unknown than is known. We know how much dark energy there is because we know how it affects the Universe's expansion. Other than that, it is a complete mystery. But it is an important mystery. It turns out that roughly 68% of the Universe is dark energy. Dark matter makes up about 27%. The rest - everything on Earth, everything ever observed with all of our instruments, all normal matter - adds up to less than 5% of the Universe. Come to think of it, maybe it shouldn't be called "normal" matter at all, since it is such a small fraction of the Universe.

One explanation for dark energy is that it is a property of space. Albert Einstein was the first person to realize that empty space is not nothing. Space has amazing properties, many of which are just beginning to be understood. The first property that Einstein discovered is that it is possible for more space to come into existence. Then one version of Einstein's gravity theory, the version that contains a cosmological constant, makes a second prediction: "empty space" can possess its own energy. Because this energy is a property of space itself, it would not be diluted as space expands. As more space comes into existence, more of this energy-of-space would appear. As a result, this form of energy would cause the Universe to expand faster and faster. Unfortunately, no one understands why the cosmological constant should even be there, much less why it would have exactly the right value to cause the observed acceleration of the Universe.

Another explanation for how space acquires energy comes from the quantum theory of matter. In this theory, "empty space" is actually full of temporary ("virtual") particles that continually form and then disappear. But when physicists tried to calculate how much energy this would give empty space, the answer came out wrong - wrong by a lot. The number came out 10120 times too big. That's a 1 with 120 zeros after it. It's hard to get an answer that bad. So the mystery continues.

Another explanation for dark energy is that it is a new kind of dynamical energy fluid or field, something that fills all of space but something whose effect on the expansion of the Universe is the opposite of that of matter and normal energy. Some theorists have named this "quintessence," after the fifth element of the Greek philosophers. But, if quintessence is the answer, we still don't know what it is like, what it interacts with, or why it exists. So the mystery continues.

A last possibility is that Einstein's theory of gravity is not correct. That would not only affect the expansion of the Universe, but it would also affect the way that normal matter in galaxies and clusters of galaxies behaved. This fact would provide a way to decide if the solution to the dark energy problem is a new gravity theory or not: we could observe how galaxies come together in clusters. But if it does turn out that a new theory of gravity is needed, what kind of theory would it be? How could it correctly describe the motion of the bodies in the Solar System, as Einstein's theory is known to do, and still give us the different prediction for the Universe that we need? There are candidate theories, but none are compelling. So the mystery continues.

The thing that is needed to decide between dark energy possibilities - a property of space, a new dynamic fluid, or a new theory of gravity - is more data, better data.

By fitting a theoretical model of the composition of the Universe to the combined set of cosmological observations, scientists have come up with the composition that we described above, ~68% dark energy, ~27% dark matter, ~5% normal matter. What is dark matter?

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Futures studies – Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

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Futures studies (also called futurology) is the study of postulating possible, probable, and preferable futures and the worldviews and myths that underlie them. There is a debate as to whether this discipline is an art or science. In general, it can be considered as a branch of the social sciences and parallel to the field of history. History studies the past, futures studies considers the future. Futures studies (colloquially called "futures" by many of the field's practitioners) seeks to understand what is likely to continue and what could plausibly change. Part of the discipline thus seeks a systematic and pattern-based understanding of past and present, and to determine the likelihood of future events and trends.[1] Unlike the physical sciences where a narrower, more specified system is studied, futures studies concerns a much bigger and more complex world system. The methodology and knowledge are much less proven as compared to natural science or even social science like sociology, economics, and political science.

Futures studies is an interdisciplinary field, studying yesterday's and today's changes, and aggregating and analyzing both lay and professional strategies and opinions with respect to tomorrow. It includes analyzing the sources, patterns, and causes of change and stability in an attempt to develop foresight and to map possible futures. Around the world the field is variously referred to as futures studies, strategic foresight, futuristics, futures thinking, futuring, and futurology. Futures studies and strategic foresight are the academic field's most commonly used terms in the English-speaking world.

Foresight was the original term and was first used in this sense by H.G. Wells in 1932.[2] "Futurology" is a term common in encyclopedias, though it is used almost exclusively by nonpractitioners today, at least in the English-speaking world. "Futurology" is defined as the "study of the future."[3] The term was coined by German professor Ossip K. Flechtheim[citation needed] in the mid-1940s, who proposed it as a new branch of knowledge that would include a new science of probability. This term may have fallen from favor in recent decades because modern practitioners stress the importance of alternative and plural futures, rather than one monolithic future, and the limitations of prediction and probability, versus the creation of possible and preferable futures.[citation needed]

Three factors usually distinguish futures studies from the research conducted by other disciplines (although all of these disciplines overlap, to differing degrees). First, futures studies often examines not only possible but also probable, preferable, and "wild card" futures. Second, futures studies typically attempts to gain a holistic or systemic view based on insights from a range of different disciplines. Third, futures studies challenges and unpacks the assumptions behind dominant and contending views of the future. The future thus is not empty but fraught with hidden assumptions. For example, many people expect the collapse of the Earth's ecosystem in the near future, while others believe the current ecosystem will survive indefinitely. A foresight approach would seek to analyze and highlight the assumptions underpinning such views.

Futures studies does not generally focus on short term predictions such as interest rates over the next business cycle, or of managers or investors with short-term time horizons. Most strategic planning, which develops operational plans for preferred futures with time horizons of one to three years, is also not considered futures. Plans and strategies with longer time horizons that specifically attempt to anticipate possible future events are definitely part of the field.

The futures field also excludes those who make future predictions through professed supernatural means. At the same time, it does seek to understand the models such groups use and the interpretations they give to these models.

Johan Galtung and Sohail Inayatullah[4] argue in Macrohistory and Macrohistorians that the search for grand patterns of social change goes all the way back to Ssu-Ma Chien (145-90BC) and his theory of the cycles of virtue, although the work of Ibn Khaldun (13321406) such as The Muqaddimah[5] would be an example that is perhaps more intelligible to modern sociology. Some intellectual foundations of futures studies appeared in the mid-19th century; according to Wendell Bell, Comte's discussion of the metapatterns of social change presages futures studies as a scholarly dialogue.[6]

The first works that attempt to make systematic predictions for the future were written in the 18th century. Memoirs of the Twentieth Century written by Samuel Madden in 1733, takes the form of a series of diplomatic letters written in 1997 and 1998 from British representatives in the foreign cities of Constantinople, Rome, Paris, and Moscow.[7] However, the technology of the 20th century is identical to that of Madden's own era - the focus is instead on the political and religious state of the world in the future. Madden went on to write The Reign of George VI, 1900 to 1925, where (in the context of the boom in canal construction at the time) he envisioned a large network of waterways that would radically transform patterns of living - "Villages grew into towns and towns became cities".[8]

The genre of science fiction became established towards the end of the 19th century, with notable writers, including Jules Verne and H. G. Wells, setting their stories in an imagined future world.

According to W. Warren Wagar, the founder of future studies was H. G. Wells. His Anticipations of the Reaction of Mechanical and Scientific Progress Upon Human Life and Thought: An Experiment in Prophecy, was first serially published in The Fortnightly Review in 1901.[9] Anticipating what the world would be like in the year 2000, the book is interesting both for its hits (trains and cars resulting in the dispersion of population from cities to suburbs; moral restrictions declining as men and women seek greater sexual freedom; the defeat of German militarism, and the existence of a European Union) and its misses (he did not expect successful aircraft before 1950, and averred that "my imagination refuses to see any sort of submarine doing anything but suffocate its crew and founder at sea").[10][11]

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Medical Chiropractic & Anti-Aging Treatment | Dr. McCrory MD

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Who We Are

We are passionate about serving our patients with the most advanced medical treatments available in Roseville, CA. Dr. McCrory has years of experience and knowledge in his specialized healing treatments including anti-aging, pain management, EWOT, Prolozone Therapy, and Hormone Therapy.

Demonstrating a compassionate and caring manner in all of our treatments and services is our first priority.

Our mission is to make every effort to do whatever is necessary so that everyone we come in contact with has the opportunity to be proactive in their health. Establishing common sense treatment strategies that both prevent disease, slow the aging process, and optimize productive living.

At Roseville Medical, we strive to present a program of wellness care for our patients so they may gain and benefit a healthier lifestyle.

Our advanced and accurate treatments are designed to be an exact match to your wellness needs. We proudly utilize the most sophisticated technologies to find the root cause of your illness or pain.

Dr. McCrory is one of only a few hundred medical professionals who have obtained both chiropractic and medical degrees. We help our patients to regain vigor and well-being to look and feel youthful and healthy.

Dr. McCrory is one of only a few hundred physicians in the U.S. who has obtained both chiropractic and medical degrees.

Exercise With Oxygen Therapy

Roseville Advanced Medical Group is pleased to announce a proven medical technology that promises to dramatically improve peoples health and sense of well-being, increase mental and physical stamina, and inhibit the aging process. EWOT exercise with oxygen therapy is a means of improving oxygenation of the tissues of the body, increasing energy production in the cells, and thereby enhancing the vitality and health of the individual.

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New Kind of Mind: The Difference Between Libertarianism …

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I typically describe myself as a libertarian anarchist. People who dont understand what either word means will essentially assume that Im doubly insane. Libertarian is a more friendly word; anarchist is generally perceived to be hostile. Libertarians are usually considered fringe; anarchists are usually considered dangerous. Yet some people, especially people who are libertarian or anarchists, view the words as essentially the same thing. Analytically speaking, it seems there should be a distinction even if the situation likens itself in many cases to a square being a rectangle, but rectangle not necessarily being a square.

Libertarianism is an ethical doctrine. It is concerned with rights. Most commonly this right is referred to as the right to self ownership which includes the right to the product of your labor. For some (probably most) libertarians, this is essentially a faith based, though not necessarily theological, concept. It is taken on faith that men are imbued with this right through nature or that that these rights are implied by the nature of truth, knowledge, existence, reason, etc. What is ironic about this faith based libertarian concept is that it is widely accepted on face value by most participants in modern (classical) liberal societies. It is conservative (not as in American Conservatives, but as in historically organized society) culture that refutes the idea of self ownership by subjecting the behavior of the individual to the enforced law of the moral majority. However, the concept of self ownership is thoroughly ignored by most in society even while they champion it as the bedrock of their modern culture of tolerance. This is because most of society is conservative and Rightist as opposed to liberal and Leftist. This betrayal of self ownership is implied by the aggression of the government that is condoned by the populace. Even commonplace policy positions in support of a state single payer health care system or a central bank or drug prohibition demonstrate the contempt the populace shows to the individual who libertarians argue should hold sole dominion over his own life. The popular opinion demonstrates a fondness for collective ownership of individuals - a collective slavery, if you will - that the scope of control over humanity extends past ones own fingertips to some degree.

The other form of libertarianism holds that libertarianism is a desirable ethical standard because it results in the most beneficial outcomes. Consequentialists do not operate on faithful assumptions about the nature and rights of men. Their considerations are directed towards a scientific standard that observes and deduces that greater degrees of self ownership and liberty result in a flourishing of society in terms of wealth and culture. While not completely comfortable throwing myself into either category (since I do believe in Divinely granted human rights to self ownership), I probably fit best in the consequentialist camp.

The libertarian principle of non-aggression simply is a means of asserting the premise of self ownership. The non-aggression principle states that one may/should not use coercive physical force to violate the self ownership of any other person. The principle clearly understood merely asserts that all actions should be voluntarily untaken. Likewise, toleration is a key characteristic of libertarian ethics. Libertarians are not required to approve of the actions of others, but, so long as those actions are non-coercive, persuasion is the only ethical outlet for change. The use of force is illegitimate for libertarians. Only the initiation of such force justifies the use of force and only as retaliation. What is clear is that libertarians oppose government. Government is any actor, individual, or collective that negates the liberty of self ownership - any entity that claims control over another person or persons. Libertarians generally concede the necessity of institutions that may seek to prevent violations of liberty in advance through the use of defensive tactics. The purest and most cogent form of libertarianism is anarchistic because the existence of a State requires the involuntary submission to pay for the monopoly services of that State, an obvious violation of liberty.

Anarchism has nothing to do with rights or ethics. The concept of philosophical anarchism may, but that is very similar if not the same as libertarianism. Anarchism is a political concept that promotes ideas hostile to the State. The State can essentially be viewed as a self enforcing monopoly with power over a specified although possibly indefinite region. Because governing institutions are most effective at depriving individuals of liberty, they are well equipped to claim dominion over and submission to itself, while aiming to protect itself from competition. The most effective tool at the disposal of a State or a government that wishes to obtain or maintain Statehood is propaganda which to reinforce its Laws through pop justification. Statist institutions maintain their monopoly through force and through the repeated demonization of competing government and defensive services. Usually, States will seek to expand their role from just that of a governing body to one of greater scope ie education, health care, postal services, etc. States are emblematic and self-reinforced by their governing AND governed classes. In monarchy, a single person is put in charge of the lawmaking process. In oligarchy, a few people decide the laws. In aristocracy, the wealthy decide the laws. In a democracy, the law is decided by the majority of people. Anarchism is opposition to all of this. Fundamentally, anarchism is a strain of political anti-authoritarianism that regards the authority of the State governing class as illegitimate. Anarchists seek the abolition of the political State and its resultant law in lieu of a new order of organic law.

The confusion between anarchy and chaos is fair to a degree. With the abolition of the State, the law would be the natural outcome of community, market, and physical dominance. However, this does not distinguish it from the State at all. The society that approves the will of the State determines the legitimate scope of the State. Furthermore, the rule of the State is enforced strictly through physical dominance. In an anarchist society, one could act anti-socially to any degree he pleases and can get away with, but it is unlikely in civil society that he would last very long. The fear that these people would run rampant is unwarranted. The benefits of cooperation discourage anti-social behavior. The cooperative aspects of society have been learned and evolved into to deal with anti-social behavior. So, any man exposing the world to tyranny would not likely have long before voluntary and contractual coalitions of people were to fight back. Even if this were not the case, the pro-State assumption that anti-social, and in this sense I mean both malevolent and incompetent, people will not infiltrate the State apparatus is false. In fact, the opposite is true. The State apparatus, not existing on a competitive level to help ensure quality and customer satisfaction, involves the gradual usurpation of power by the anti-social (of course assuming the originators of the State were not themselves anti-social). The cohesive force in anarchist society is contract and cooperation for mutual benefit. In other words, anarchist society promotes the thriving of the market by leveling the playing field, increasing transparency, and reflecting the demands of society over State.

An interesting way to view the anarchist struggle is to envision a society of political ladders of power. Statist leaders attempt to climb these ladders to gain power and oversight. Anarchists shake the ladders and expose as phony the pretense under which Statists argue they had a right to become lawmakers instead of market participants in the first place. As the evolution of Statism takes hold and the justifications for it become more broad, the privilege of Statism extends to a larger base of people, starting as monarchist and culminating in democratic. Anarchists are there the entire time to shake the ladders and challenge the idea there should be ladders at all.

In summation, libertarians promote voluntary human interactions as morally imperative or advantageous. Anarchists oppose others holding dominion over them. Libertarianism is the liberation of all individuals from the authority of society. Anarchism is the liberation of self from (political) authority. A (pure) libertarian is an anarchist, but an anarchist is not necessarily a libertarian.

Next Up: Why I Am First and Foremost an Anarchist and Less of a Libertarian

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New Kind of Mind: The Difference Between Libertarianism ...

Libertarian Party UK | Libertarianism in the UK

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It is useful to post here and on the party facebook page an explanation of what we are about and how we work as our membership is growing.

The Libertarian Party UK is one of three Libertarian Parties in the United Kingdom.

The Libertarian Party UK covers England, Wales and Kernow. The Scottish Libertarian Party covers Scotland The Libertarian Party Northern Ireland

The first two are distinctly different entities, are registered separately with the Electoral Commission and have a cooperation agreement, both are founder members of the International Alliance of Libertarian Parties.

The LPNI is a separate entity for reasons of Electoral Law

As with all registered Parties we are bound by the following Acts Political Parties, Elections and Referendums Act 2000 (PPERA) The Data Protection Act 1998 (DPA)

The statutory fines for transgressions of the above Acts are severe and heavy.

We also are required to be aware of all legal judgements that govern our activities. In June of 2015 the European Court of Justice made a judgement that the owners of websites and social media are responsible in Law for the content of any third party content or comment that is defamatory, libellous and/or untrue.

Therefore we are occasionally required to delete comments that use bad language or fall under the ECJ. We will also delete any third party comment that advocates violence as it contravenes the Non Agression Principle. (NAP)

There are two registered symbols for the LP-UK, both based on the Gryphon.

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Hawaiian libertarian

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Isn't it obvious? From the shooting of St. Trayvon to the racist policing policies in Ferguson, to the most recent Confederate Battle flag-adorned, white cis-Male gunman on psychotropic meds in a Black Southern Baptist Church, the overriding narrative in all these events are the same. Look closely at all the reportage, the talking points, and note the omissions of certain facts in all the infotainment reports of these various stories and a common theme emerges.

THEY have always employed a Divide-and-Conquer strategy on we the sheeple, with mass media propaganda employed continuously to reinforce the institutionalized brainwashing of our public schools and university systems. THEY have inculcated this notion that racism is the premiere thought-crime for the rapidly receding majority of the citizenry (the Anglo-Caucasian Christians)...all while making it the only acceptable paradigm for the minorities of all other races, religions and any other group amongst the sheeple herds that accepts the idea that they must define themselves by the fun house mirror image of 21st century identity politics.

But when oppressed-minority-class sheeple embrace the only officially acceptable form of racism, it isn't called that. Only oppressive majority members can be guilty of that thought crime! No, it's affirmative action, or reparations, or social justice or whatever euphemism they can use to delude the masses into cognitively dissonant compliance to the insane zeitgeist of our dystopian age.

Dear Privileged White American Cis-Males, are your ready to follow your approved example of modern day bravery? You too can garner the accolades and approval from the likes of the leader of the free world, if only you too follow in Caitlyn's footsteps of trans-courage!

Speaking of our Fake President, did you happen to catch him for the first time during his entire reign of error, finally making a public statement that was wholly truthful and honest? It only took seven years of presiding over the accelerating decline of post-racial America Inc., but it's great to see him finally say something other than a lie:

What is that, you say? Racism is in our DNA? Why yes, yes it is!

I'm a racist, you're a racist, we are all racists! It IS in our DNA. It's simply a matter of basic instincts for survival. In my not-so-humble opinion, racism is nothing more than a human being's instinct to be on guard and aware of any potential two-legged predators in your vicinity. It's basic biology to be suspicious towards THE OTHER, and to favor your own kinsmen or clan members.

The sooner you come to terms with the idea that we are all inherently racist, and that we are hard wired to be so, the better off you will be in understanding how the social engineers of our bizzarro world dystopia have manipulated and twisted all of our natural inclinations to enslave us all to our instincts and animalistic tendencies.

I'm past the point of tolerance and non-judgmental acceptance of deviance. I say, pick a side and get on with it. Since I'm a miscegenated mutt with the blood of oppressive-privileged Anglo DNA mixed with the minority Asian and Polynesian-Aboriginal DNA, I can't make up my mind which race I should fight for or against.

But since I do live in the Southern most state in the Union, I've enlisted with fellow Southron rebels against our present day Union of Yankee Social Justice Warriors and politically-correct useful idiot brigades.

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Hawaiian libertarian

Program Information | Johns Hopkins – Institute of Genetic …

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Fields of Study and Research

Many general areas of research are available in the Human Genetics program:

Approximately 10 - 12 new students are admitted to the program each year. Our students interact with trainees in several other programs at Hopkins including postdoctoral fellows in Human Genetics, as well as predoctoral students in many of the other graduate programs on the School of Medicine campus including Biochemistry, Cellular and Molecular Biology (BCMB); Neuroscience; Immunology; and Cellular and Molecular Medicine (CMM).

Below are listed the courses required of all students in the program. These includes a human biology core that has been adapted from the basic medical school curriculum. The first course that incoming students will take is Genetics & Medicine: History of Ideas. In this seminar course, students revisit articles that have been the cornerstome of the evolution in the field and discuss the historical and scientific context in which such discoveries were made.

Further on, our students are required to take courses that are part of the core curriculum for BCMB and other programs on campus, where they will acquire an extensive knowledge of molecular biology, genetics of model systems, and human genetics. The introductory course in Human Genetics and three advanced genetics seminars are required, as well as basic graduate courses in Molecular Biology, Fundamentals of Genetics, Biochemistry and Cell Biology. We believe that the time spent in formal course work, although significant in the first year and a half of the program, provides our students with an excellent, broad-based foundation for careers in biomedical research.

Listed in blue boxes are those courses that are shared with other Graduate Programs in the School of Medicine. Those courses listed in a red box are specific for Human Genetics Students.

Electives available include existing courses in human biology as well as those in genetics and molecular biology. In addition, there are many other courses available in the Schools of Medicine, School of Public Health and at Homewood which may be appropriate for individualized programs. These include courses in Bioinformatics, Advanced Biostatistics and many other subject-related topics.

Research training begins soon after the student enters the program. The rotation electives are selected by the student according to his/her interests. A series of informal luncheon meetings with the faculty as well as the Human Genetics Student/Faculty retreat, held in September each year, provides the student with an opportunity to become acquainted with the research activities of each of the preceptors.

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Healthcare business news, research, data and events from …

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By Virgil Dickson | July 13, 2015

The CMS is proposing rules aimed at dramatically improving the quality of care Medicaid and Medicare beneficiaries are receiving in nursing homes. If finalized, the proposals outlined would cost the nursing home industry $729 million in the first year the rule is in effect and $638 million in year...

By Melanie Evans | July 14, 2015

As the Affordable Care Act increased access to subsidized health plans last year, fewer adults went uninsured but disparities persisted in their access to insurance and medical care.

California should consider merging its two insurance regulatory agencies in the wake of the Affordable Care Act, according to a study that renews a contentious debate. But the lack of political will and the inability to let go of authority might make it a difficult sell.

A Senate panel on Thursday will probe whether HealthCare.gov's glitches are fixed. Republicans are skeptical of Andy Slavitt, who was hired to fix HealthCare.gov after its disastrous launch and is now President Barack Obama's pick to run the agency responsible for it.

Dr. Gidi Stein was greatly dismayed when he heard about a malpractice case involving the death of a pediatric patient that was the result of a medication error. So in 2012, Stein co-founded a company that offers a big-data software platform to detect prescription errors before they happen.

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Indian Health Service (IHS)

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July is Juvenile Arthritis Awareness Month

Children and adolescents can get arthritis, too. It happens when their immune system affects their joints and is called juvenile arthritis. Early signs of juvenile arthritis may be noticed by parents and grandparents as swollen joints, fever, or sudden rash and often are mistaken for normal problems of childhood. But, juvenile arthritis is more serious than that. Ask your child's doctor about juvenile arthritis to learn more.

There are many outdoor activities and sporting tournaments that take place in the summer months. It is important to maintain safe public health practices during the warmer months. Be sure to drink plenty of water, wear sunscreen, protect against tick and mosquito bites with insect repellent, and always wear your seatbelt while driving.

Although open enrollment for the Health Insurance Marketplace ended on February 15th, members of federally recognized tribes and Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act (ANCSA) Corporation shareholders can enroll in Marketplace coverage any time of year. The health care law requires all people to have minimum essential coverage or pay a fee. American Indians, Alaska Natives, and people eligible for services through IHS, tribal programs, or urban Indian health programs can get an exemption to the fee by applying through the Marketplace or when filing their federal income tax return.

The President's Fiscal Year 2016 budget proposes $20.9 billion, a $1.5 billion (8%) increase over the 2015 enacted level, across a wide range of federal programs that serve Tribes including education, social services, justice, health, infrastructure, and stewardship of land, water, and other natural resources.

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Indian Health Service (IHS)

Home | HMS Department of Genetics

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BCH Division of Genetics and Genomics Seminar

Generating Cartilage from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells: A Developmental Approach.

Special Seminar

How Neurons Talk to the Blood: Sensory Regulation of Hematopoiesis in the Drosophila Model

Genetics Seminar Series

Neural Reprogramming of Germline Cells and Trans-Generational Memory in Drosophila

BCH Division of Genetics and Genomics Seminar

Genetics Seminar Series - Focused Seminars

Reflecting the breadth of the field itself, the Department of Genetics at Harvard Medical School houses a faculty working on diverse problems, using a variety of approaches and model organisms, unified in their focus on the genome as an organizing principle for understanding biological phenomena. Genetics is not perceived simply as a subject, but rather as a way of viewing and approaching biological phenomena.

While the range of current efforts can best be appreciated by reading the research interests of individual faculty, the scope of the work conducted in the Department includes (but is by no means limited to) human genetics of both single gene disorders and complex traits, development of genomic technology, cancer biology, developmental biology, signal transduction, cell biological problems, stem cell biology, computational genetics, immunology, synthetic biology, epigenetics, evolutionary biology and plant biology.

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River – Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

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A river is a natural flowing watercourse, usually freshwater, flowing towards an ocean, sea, lake or another river. In some cases a river flows into the ground and becomes dry at the end of its course without reaching another body of water. Small rivers can be referred to using names such as stream, creek, brook, rivulet, and rill. There are no official definitions for the generic term river as applied to geographic features,[1] although in some countries or communities a stream is defined by its size. Many names for small rivers are specific to geographic location; examples are "run" in some parts of the United States, "burn" in Scotland and northeast England, and "beck" in northern England. Sometimes a river is defined as being larger than a creek,[2] but not always: the language is vague.[3]

Rivers are part of the hydrological cycle. Water generally collects in a river from precipitation through a drainage basin from surface runoff and other sources such as groundwater recharge, springs, and the release of stored water in natural ice and snowpacks (e.g. from glaciers). Potamology is the scientific study of rivers while limnology is the study of inland waters in general.

Extraterrestrial rivers have recently been found on Titan.[4][5]Channels may indicate past rivers on other planets, specifically outflow channels on Mars[6] and are theorised to exist on planets and moons in habitable zones of stars.

A river begins at a source (or more often several sources) and ends at a mouth, following a path called a course. The water in a river is usually confined to a channel, made up of a stream bed between banks. In larger rivers there is also a wider floodplain shaped by flood-waters over-topping the channel. Floodplains may be very wide in relation to the size of the river channel. This distinction between river channel and floodplain can be blurred, especially in urban areas where the floodplain of a river channel can become greatly developed by housing and industry.

Rivers can flow down mountains, through valleys (depressions) or along plains, and can create canyons or gorges.

The term upriver (or upstream) refers to the direction towards the source of the river, i.e. against the direction of flow. Likewise, the term downriver (or downstream) describes the direction towards the mouth of the river, in which the current flows.

The term left bank refers to the left bank in the direction of flow, right bank to the right.

The river channel typically contains a single stream of water, but some rivers flow as several interconnecting streams of water, producing a braided river. Extensive braided rivers are now found in only a few regions worldwide, such as the South Island of New Zealand. They also occur on peneplains and some of the larger river deltas. Anastamosing rivers are similar to braided rivers and are also quite rare. They have multiple sinuous channels carrying large volumes of sediment. There are rare cases of river bifurcation in which a river divides and the resultant flows ending in different seas. An example is the bifurcation of Nerodime River in Kosovo.

A river flowing in its channel is a source of energy which acts on the river channel to change its shape and form. In 1757, the German hydrologist Albert Brahms empirically observed that the submerged weight of objects that may be carried away by a river is proportional to the sixth power of the river flow speed.[7] This formulation is also sometimes called Airy's law.[8] Thus, if the speed of flow is doubled, the flow would dislodge objects with 64 times as much submerged weight. In mountainous torrential zones this can be seen as erosion channels through hard rocks and the creation of sands and gravels from the destruction of larger rocks. In U-shaped glaciated valleys, the subsequent[clarification needed] river valley can often easily be identified by the V-shaped channel that it has carved. In the middle reaches where a river flows over flatter land, meanders may form through erosion of the river banks and deposition on the inside of bends. Sometimes the river will cut off a loop, shortening the channel and forming an oxbow lake or billabong. Rivers that carry large amounts of sediment may develop conspicuous deltas at their mouths. Rivers whose mouths are in saline tidal waters may form estuaries.

Throughout the course of the river, the total volume of water transported downstream will often be a combination of the free water flow together with a substantial volume flowing through sub-surface rocks and gravels that underlie the river and its floodplain (called the hyporheic zone). For many rivers in large valleys, this unseen component of flow may greatly exceed the visible flow.

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River - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Azores – Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

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This article is about the archipelago. For the area of high pressure, see Azores High. Azores (Aores) Autonomous Region ('Regio Autnoma') Mount Pico and the green landscape, emblematic of the archipelago of the Azores Official name: Regio Autnoma dos Aores Name origin: aor, Portuguese for species of rapier bird, erroneously identified as goshawks; also derivation from the word for blue Motto: Antes morrer livres que em paz sujeitos (English: "Rather die as free men than be enslaved in peace") Country Portugal Autonomous Region Azores Region Atlantic Ocean Subregion Mid-Atlantic Ridge Position Azores Platform Islands Corvo, Faial, Flores, Graciosa, Pico, So Jorge, So Miguel, Santa Maria, Terceira Municipalities Angra do Herosmo, Horta, Lagoa, Lajes das Flores, Lajes do Pico, Madalena, Nordeste, Povoao, Praia da Vitria, Ponta Delgada, Ribeira Grande, Santa Cruz da Graciosa, Santa Cruz das Flores, So Roque, Vila do Corvo, Vila do Porto, Vila Franca do Campo Capitals Angra do Herosmo[1], Horta[2], Ponta Delgada[3] Largest city Ponta Delgada -center So Jos -elevation 22 m (72 ft) -coordinates 374428N 254032W / 37.74111N 25.67556W / 37.74111; -25.67556Coordinates: 374428N 254032W / 37.74111N 25.67556W / 37.74111; -25.67556 Highest point Mount Pico -elevation 2,351 m (7,713 ft) -coordinates 382819N 285150W / 38.47194N 28.86389W / 38.47194; -28.86389 Lowest point Sea level -location Atlantic Ocean -elevation 0 m (0 ft) Area 2,333 km2 (901 sq mi) Population 245,746(2012) Census 2011 Density 105.87 / km2 (274 / sq mi) Settlement 15 August 1432 -Administrative autonomy c. 1895 -Political autonomy 4 September 1976 Discovery c. 1427 -Santa Maria c. 1427 -So Miguel c. 1428 Management -location Assembleia Regional, Rua Marcelino Lima, Horta, Faial -elevation 46 m (151 ft) -coordinates 38326N 283751W / 38.53500N 28.63083W / 38.53500; -28.63083 Government -location Palcio de Santana, Rua Jos Jcome Correia, Ponta Delgada, So Miguel -elevation 60 m (197 ft) -coordinates 374452N 254019W / 37.74778N 25.67194W / 37.74778; -25.67194 President (Government) Vasco Cordeiro (PS) -President (Assembleia) Ana Lus (PS) Timezone Azores (UTC-1) -summer (DST) Azores EST (UTC0) ISO 3166-2 code PT-20 Postal code 9XXX-XXX Area code (+351) 29X XX XX XX[4] ccTLD .pt Date format dd-mm-yyyy Drive right-side Demonym Azorean Patron Saint Esprito Santo Holiday 51st day (Monday) following Easter (Dia da Regio Autnoma dos Aores) Anthem A Portuguesa(national) Hino dos Aores(regional) Currency Euro ()[5] GDP (nominal) 2010 estimate - Total 3.728 billion[6] - Per capita 15,200[6] Location of the Azores relative to Portugal (green) and the rest of the European Union (dark blue)

Distribution of the islands of the archipelago

The Azores (UK -ZORZ, US AY-zorz; Portuguese: Aores, [so]), officially the Autonomous Region of the Azores (Regio Autnoma dos Aores), is one of the two autonomous regions of Portugal, composed of nine volcanic islands situated in the North Atlantic Ocean about 1,360km (850mi) west of continental Portugal, about 880km (550mi) northwest of Madeira, about 1,925km (1,196mi) southeast of Newfoundland, and about 6,392km (3,972mi) northeast of Brazil. Its main industries are agriculture, dairy farming (for cheese and butter products primarily), livestock ranching, fishing, and tourism, which is becoming the major service activity in the region. In addition to this, the government of the Azores employs a large percentage of the population directly or indirectly in many aspects of the service and tertiary sectors.

There are nine major Azorean islands and an islet cluster, in three main groups. These are Flores and Corvo, to the west; Graciosa, Terceira, So Jorge, Pico, and Faial in the centre; and So Miguel, Santa Maria, and the Formigas Reef to the east. They extend for more than 600km (370mi) and lie in a northwest-southeast direction.

All the islands have volcanic origins, although some, such as Santa Maria, have had no recorded activity since the islands were settled. Mount Pico, on the island of Pico, is the highest point in Portugal, at 2,351m (7,713ft). The Azores are actually some of the tallest mountains on the planet, measured from their base at the bottom of the ocean to their peaks, which thrust high above the surface of the Atlantic.

Because these once-uninhabited and remote islands were settled sporadically over a span of two centuries, their culture, dialect, cuisine, and traditions vary considerably.

A small number of alleged Hypogea, earthen structures carved into rocks that were used for burials, have been identified on the islands of Corvo, Santa Maria and Terceira by Portuguese archaeologist Nuno Ribeiro and speculations were published that they might date back 2000 years, alluding to a human presence on the island before the Portuguese.[9] However, these kinds of structures have always been used in the Azores to store cereals, and suggestions by Ribeiro that they might be burial sites are unconfirmed. Detailed examination and dating to authenticate the validity of these speculations is lacking.[10] So far, it is unclear whether these structures are natural or man-made and whether they predate the 15th-century Portuguese colonization of the Azores. Solid confirmation of a pre-Portuguese human presence in the archipelago has not yet been published.

The islands were known in the fourteenth century and parts of them can be seen, for example, in the Atlas Catalan. In 1427, one of the captains sailing for Henry the Navigator, possibly Gonalo Velho, rediscovered the Azores, but this is not certain. In Thomas Ashe's 1813 work, A History of the Azores,[11] the author identified a Fleming, Joshua Vander Berg of Bruges, who made landfall in the archipelago during a storm on his way to Lisbon.[11] He stated that the Portuguese explored the area and claimed it for Portugal shortly after.[11] Other stories note the discovery of the first islands (So Miguel Island, Santa Maria Island and Terceira Island) were made by sailors in the service of Henry the Navigator, although there are few written documents to support the claims.

Although it is commonly said that the archipelago received its name from the goshawk (Aor in Portuguese), a common bird at the time of discovery, it is unlikely that the bird nested or hunted in the islands.

At some point, following the discovery of Santa Maria, sheep were let loose on the island before settlement actually took place. This was done to supply the future settlers with food because there were no large animals on the island. Settlement did not take place right away, however. There was not much interest among the Portuguese people in an isolated archipelago hundreds of miles from civilization. However, Cabral patiently gathered resources and settlers for the next three years (14331436) and sailed to establish colonies on Santa Maria first and then So Miguel next.

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Azores - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

About Us | 360 Ecosystem Solutions

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Jeff Akers Managing Partner jeff@360ecosystem.com

As Managing Partner, Jeff brings over 25 years of experience in all operations of the Information Technology Solutions, Systems Integration, and Professional Services Industries to the 360 team. His knowledge encompasses many other key areas including: Executive and General Management, Sales Leadership and Marketing, Customer Service Management, Consulting, Product Management, Technical Support Management, Outsourcing and Managed Services, Program Management, and Strategy Leadership with Mergers and Acquisitions.

Most recently, Jeff was CEO of Critigen and was the lead in conceiving and implementing the plan to spin out Critigen from its parent CH2MHILL. In September 2009, after working with investment bankers and private equity firms, Jeff was the visionary responsible for creating, building, and gaining a strategic agreement at the highest levels of CH2MHILL and its shareholders. Critigen, a $120M IT Consulting and Managed Services Company is now owned by Golden Gate Capital.

Prior to joining Critigen, Jeff served as President of the CH2M HILL Enterprise Management Solutions business. CH2M HILL is a global leader in full-service Program Management, Consulting, and Operations. CH2M HILL is a global leader in full-service Program Management, Consulting, and Operations.

Jeffrey Nathanson Managing Director

As Managing Director, Jeffrey brings years of experience as a serial entrepreneur having founded several companies in theCleantech and Healthcare industries. Jeffrey brings both knowledge and talent to the 360 team; his vast experience developing business plans, key strategies, and revenue producing business units will enable him to provide tactical guidance to our clients.

Most recently, Jeffrey wasMarketing VPat Vokl Inc., a startup neighborhood mobile marketing and engagement system which connects neighbors, neighborhood associations, and merchants via smartphones. Prior to that he was the CEO of Recharge Colorado and served as the Vice Chairman of the State of Colorados Renewable Energy Development Authority. Jeffrey is a member of the Colorado Cleantech Industry Association and served on the advisory board for the Colorado Cleantech Action Plan.

Jeffrey is a longtime advisor for numerous energy efficiency product development companies. He was selected as the Mentor of the Year for the Rocky Mountain Clean Tech Open in 2009. He is a founder of the Colorado Cleantech Initiative, a training venue to assist Colorado Cleantech companies in their acquisition of financing. He is currently a member of the steering committee for 10.10.10-ten proven entrepreneurs from around the US and was also a longtime member of the board of the Rockies Venture Club.

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The World Anti-Aging Academy of Medicine

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Since 1995, The World Anti-Aging Academy of Medicine (WAAAM) is a member-based society dedicated to the protection and preservation of the health of the public, and the advancement of education and research in the clinical specialties of anti-aging and regenerative medicine.

Anti-aging and regenerative medicine are among the fastest-growing specialty throughout the world and is founded on the application of advanced scientific and medical technologies for the early detection, prevention, treatment, and reversal of age-related dysfunction, disorders, and diseases.

It is a healthcare model promoting innovative science and research to prolong the healthy life span in humans. As such, anti-aging and regenerative medicine are based on principles of sound and responsible medical care that are consistent with those applied in other preventive health specialties. The goal of anti-aging and regenerative medicine are not to merely prolong the total years of an individual's life, but to ensure that those years are enjoyed in a productive and vital fashion.

The World Anti-Aging Academy of Medicine (WAAAM) was founded in 1995 and trademarked in August 2001. It is the first global entity specifically established to unify and coordinate cooperation among organizations on the national level that are involved in the advancement of progressive preventive medicine. WAAAM is the sole and official worldwide educational affiliate to the European Society of Anti-Aging Medicine (ESAAM).

Incorporated in England as a non-profit organization, WAAAM is registered with the United Kingdom Charity Commission.

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The World Anti-Aging Academy of Medicine