First Amendment Under Siege as Another Journalist Arrested at Standing Rock – EcoWatch

By Mark Trahant

Jenni Monet, a Native American journalist, was arrested last week while covering Standing Rock. You'd think that would trigger a lot of support from the national and regional news media.

There is an idea in law enforcement called the "thin blue line." It basically means that police work together. A call goes out from Morton County and, right or wrong, law enforcement from around the country provides back up.

Jenni Monet was arrested while covering the Standing Rock movement last week. But most of the press has been silent about the charges she facesand the implications for the First Amendment.Aboriginal People's Television Network

You would think journalism would be like that, too.

When one journalist is threatened, we all are threatened. We cannot do our jobs when we worry about being injured or worse. And when a journalist is arrested? Well, everyone who claims the First Amendment as a framework should object loudly.

Last Wednesday, Monet was arrested near Cannon Ball, North Dakota. She was interviewing water protectors who were setting up a new camp near the Dakota Access Pipeline route on treaty lands of the Great Sioux Nation. Law enforcement from Morton County surrounded the camp and captured everyone within the circle. A press release from the sheriff's Department puts it this way: "Approximately 76 members of a rogue group of protestors were arrested." Most were charged with criminal trespassing and inciting a riot.

As was Monet. She now faces serious charges and the judicial process will go forward. The truth must come out.

But this story is about the failure of journalism institutions.

The Native press and the institutions that carry her work had Monet's back. That includes Indian Country Media Network, YES! Magazine and the Center for Investigative Reporting's Reveal. In Canada the Aboriginal People's Television Network reported on the story during its evening news. And, the Los Angeles Times has now weighed as well in with its own story written by Sandy Tolan who's done some great reporting from Standing Rock.

The Native American Journalists Association released a statement immediately:

"Yesterday's unlawful arrest of Native journalist Jenni Monet by Morton County officers is patently illegal and a blatant betrayal of our closely held American values of free speech and a free press," NAJA President Bryan Pollard said, "Jenni is an accomplished journalist and consummate professional who was covering a story on behalf of Indian Country Today. Unfortunately, this arrest is not unprecedented, and Morton County officials must review their officer training and department policies to ensure that officers are able and empowered to distinguish between protesters and journalists who are in pursuit of truthful reporting."

Yet in North Dakota you would not know this arrest happened. The press is silent.

I have heard from many, many individual journalists. That's fantastic. But what about the institutions of journalism? There should news stories in print, digital and broadcast. There should be editorials calling out North Dakota for this egregious act. If the institutions let this moment pass, every journalist covering a protest across the country will be at risk of arrest.

After her release from jail, Monet wrote for Indian Country Media Network:

"When Democracy Now!'s Amy Goodman was charged with the same allegations I now facecriminal trespassing and riotingher message to the world embraced the First Amendment. 'There's a reason why journalism is explicitly protected by the U.S. Constitution,' she said before a crowd gathered in front of the Morton County courthouse. "Because we're supposed to be the check and balance on power."

The funny thing is that journalism institutions were not quick to embrace Goodman either. I have talked to many journalists who see her as an "other" because she practices a different kind of journalism than they do.

Monet's brand of journalism is rooted in facts and good reporting. She talks to everyone on all sides of the story, including the Morton County Sheriff and North Dakota's new governor. She also has street cred and knows how to tell a story. Just listen to her podcast and you will know that to be true.

So if we ever need journalism institutions to rally, it's now. It's not Jenni Monet who will be on trial. It's the First Amendment. Journalism is not a crime.

Mark Trahant is the Charles R. Johnson Endowed Professor of Journalism at the University of North Dakota and a member of The Shoshone-Bannock Tribes. He writes a regular column at YES!, where he is a contributing editor. Reposted with permission from our media associate YES! Magazine.

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First Amendment Under Siege as Another Journalist Arrested at Standing Rock - EcoWatch

Armstrong stood up for First Amendment, Harmon overstepped her office – The San Luis Obispo Tribune


The San Luis Obispo Tribune
Armstrong stood up for First Amendment, Harmon overstepped her office
The San Luis Obispo Tribune
As a graduate of Cal Poly, President Jeffrey Armstrong made me very proud for standing firm and putting the First Amendment first and overruling the liberal cupcakes' attempt to ignore the First Amendment (Protecting free speech at Cal Poly is an ...

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Armstrong stood up for First Amendment, Harmon overstepped her office - The San Luis Obispo Tribune

Demand return of First Amendment rights – Wausau Daily Herald

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Letter to the editor 11:32 a.m. CT Feb. 7, 2017

American flag.(Photo: Getty Images/Fuse)

EDITOR: Our First Amendment right, Freedom of Speech, is being repressed more and more each day. Information has been removed from our government websites, government employees have been issued gag orders and the press has been told to shut up.

As more and more of these rights are getting taken away, the harder it will be to return them. Do you really want to live in a country where the government controls what you believe by controlling the information that is released to you? If this does not scare you, why doesnt it?

Thank you to all those government employees who are standing up for our rights by archiving this information before it was removed, by creating alternate information sites, by standing up to protect your right to choose what information to believe.

This is not a Democratic or Republican issue. This is a United States Constitution issue. Stand up and demand the return of your First Amendment rights before it is too late.

Mary Hague,

Mosinee

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Burning flags and the first amendment – Times-Delphic

BY MIA BLONDIN

You may have seen a video or photo of FedEx employee Matt Uhrin stopping protesters from burning an American flag in downtown Iowa City. The original video blew up and was featured on several different news outlets. Most of the comments I saw about the situation on Twitter or Facebook praised Uhrin for what people saw as a patriotic act. Personally, my favorite was a tweet with the quote, Even though I walk through the valley of the shadow of death, I will fear no evil.

It is natural for the internet to make this a meme, and to allow Uhrin the 15 minutes of fame some think he deserves, but its important to think about this from the point of the protestors too. Uhrin was right to extinguish their flame, but not for the reason many think.

If you are in the School of Journalism and Mass Communication you had to memorize the first amendment for J30 and if youve even been in Meredith Hall you have most likely passed by the metal plaque where it is displayed. Under the first amendment (my favorite amendment) people have the right to burn the flag. The Supreme Court has ruled that burning the flag is covered under the free speech section of the first amendment, no matter how disrespectful it might seem.

Now if you just read that and are thinking about how unfair or insulting that is, Im right there with you. I have family in the military and one of my best friends from high school is in Florida with the Air Force right now. To me the flag represents so much more than Trump, who hasnt even been in office for a month. I dont agree with people that burn the flag, but I have to respect their right to free speech.

The real problem for these protestors was where the burning took place. Two members of the group of about 10 people face charges for open burning, which is a simple misdemeanor in Iowa City, punishable by up to 30 days in jail and a fine of up to $650. This protest didnt happen in an open field or even a confined space, my first thoughts while watching the video were how many people pass by that spot every day. The protesters would have had every type of Iowa City resident pass by them: college students on their way to class, doctors or businessmen getting food on their lunch break, and even parents with young children. There is a playground I used to visit quite often as a child less than 100 yards away from where the entire incident took place.

While I understand that everyone needs to cope with the increasing stress of the Trump presidency in their own way, I dont agree with the burning of the American flag, and I certainly dont agree with the spot the protesters chose.

In the middle of the altercation, Uhrin quoted former Iowa quarterback Ricky Stanzi when he said, If you dont love it, leave it.

Trump in the White House has motivated me to spin that quote into If you dont love it, do something productive to fix it.

Bottom line: I dont agree with the burning of the flag, and I wish the protestors had a more productive way to show they dont agree with the policies being introduced, but I have to respect their rights as Americans to speak out and protest.

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Burning flags and the first amendment - Times-Delphic

TheWrap Is Hiring a Reporter to Cover the First Amendment – Chron.com

TheWrap Is Hiring a Reporter to Cover the First Amendment

TheWrap has addeda reporting position devoted to writing aboutmatters relating tothe First Amendment.

The reporter will cover challenges to freedom of the press, expression, assembly and religion inan erawhen those freedoms are under new and severepressures.

The decision follows multipleattacks by the White House on the media, including President Donald Trump referring to the press as the opposition party and top presidential adviser Steve Bannon enjoining the press to shut up and listen. It also follows the rise of fake news sites and a debate over the role of social media networks like Facebook in disseminating falsified reporting. All of these will be the daily reporting territory for this new position.

Also Read: Trump vs. Press Freedom: How Much Damage Can He Do?

TheWrap has posted the following position, and is taking resumes for an experienced reporter and writer:

TheWrap is a news site focused on the entertainment business, culture and media. The subjects we cover including journalism, movies, TV shows and the internet exist because of the First Amendment. From curbs on religious freedom to threats on the news media, we believe the First Amendment is under attack.

As our First Amendment reporter, you will cover every aspect of the First Amendment in America today. You should be endlessly fascinated by this subject, and passionately committed to reporting on freedom of speech, religion, and assembly. You will write about how the First Amendment functions and is challenged in the U.S. today, writing with wit, depth and flexibility.

This beat could fuel dozens of stories a day, so youll need strong news instincts and judgment to prioritize which ones are the most important, as well as excellent time management to balance breaking news, short dispatches and investigative pieces. You wont always need to write fast, but youll have a much easier time if you can. Youll develop a network of sources of all viewpoints, reflecting the reality that governments, corporations, activists and individuals can all prop up or undercut First Amendment freedoms. You should alsobe a deep thinker who will help us define this role in ways we cant yet imagine.

This is a full-time position that includes competitive pay, health insurance and vacation.

Apply toeditors@thewrap.com

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Chris Matthews To Host RTDNF’s First Amendment Awards Dinner – All Access Music Group

Matthews

The RADIO TELEVISION DIGITAL NEWS FOUNDATION has announced that MSNBC host CHRIS MATTHEWS will host its 2017 First Amendment Awards Dinner on MARCH 14th at the GRAND HYATT WASHINGTON.

"When it comes to American politics, CHRIS MATTHEWS has seen it all, and he's done a remarkable job of explaining it all to a generation of viewers," said RTDNF Chair KATHY WALKER. "We're delighted to have him as our master of ceremonies, as we honor champions of the First Amendment and support the work of our Foundation."

ABC RADIO NEWS VP/GM STEVE JONES, NPR's NINA TOTENBERG, and HUBBARD BROADCASTING CEO, Pres./Chairman STANLEY S. HUBBARD are the 2017 First Amendment Awards recipients. JONES will receive the First Amendment Service Award, while HUBBARD will be honored with the First Amendment Leadership Award and TOTENBERG will be given the RENDF Lifetime Achievement Award. Also to be honored are CBS NEWS Correspondent BILL WHITAKER (the LEONARD ZEIDENBERG First Amendment Award) and authors and former BLOOMBERG POLITICS co-managing editors MARK HALPERIN and JOHN HEILEMANN (the First Amendment Award). And the event will offer special recognition for NPR photographer DAVID GILKEY, "PBS NEWS HOUR" anchor GWEN IFILL, and former RTDNF trustee GEORGE GLAZER, all of whom passed away in 2016.

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Chris Matthews To Host RTDNF's First Amendment Awards Dinner - All Access Music Group

Jitsi | Prometheism.net

Jitsi Original author(s) Emil Ivov Developer(s) Jitsi Team and Contributors Initial release 2003(2003) Stable release 2.8 (build.5426) (March19, 2015; 18 months ago(2015-03-19)) [] Preview release 2.9 (nightly) [] Development status Active Written in Java Operating system Linux, Mac OS X, Windows (all Java supported) Size 52.4 MB Windows (bundles its own private JRE)[1] 78.8MB Mac OS X (includes private JRE)[2] 22MB Linux 65MB source code[3] Available in Asturian, English, French, German, Bulgarian, Japanese, Spanish, Italian, Romanian, Greek and 25 more Type Voice over Internet Protocol / instant messaging / videoconferencing License Apache 2.0[4] Website jitsi.org

Jitsi (formerly SIP Communicator) is a free and open source multiplatform[5]voice (VoIP), videoconferencing and instant messaging application for Windows, Linux, Mac OS X and Android. It supports several popular instant-messaging and telephony protocols, including open recognised encryption protocols for chat (OTR) and voice/video/streaming and voice/video conferencing (SIP/RTP/SRTP/ZRTP), as well as built-in IPv6, NAT traversal and DNSSEC. Jitsi and its source code are released under the terms of the Apache Software Licence.[6]

Work on Jitsi (then SIP Communicator) started in 2003 in the context of a student project by Emil Ivov at the University of Strasbourg.[7] It was originally released as an example video phone in the JAIN-SIP stack and later spun off as a standalone project.[8]

Originally the project was mostly used as an experimentation tool because of its support for IPv6.[9][10] Through the years, as the project gathered members, it also added support for protocols other than SIP.

Jitsi has received support from various institutions such as the NLnet Foundation,[11][12] the University of Strasbourg and the Region of Alsace[13] and it has also had multiple participations in the Google Summer of Code program.[14][15]

In 2009, Emil Ivov founded the BlueJimp company which has employed some of Jitsis main contributors[16][17] in order to offer professional support and development services[18] related to the project.

In 2011, after successfully adding support for audio/video communication over XMPPs Jingle extensions, the project was renamed to Jitsi since it was no longer a SIP only Communicator.[19][20] This name originates from the Bulgarian (wires).[21]

On November 4, 2014, Jitsi + Ostel scored 6 out of 7 points on the Electronic Frontier Foundations secure messaging scorecard. They lost a point because there has not been a recent independent code audit.[22]

On February 1, 2015, Hristo Terezov, Ingo Bauersachs and the rest of the team released[23] version 2.6 from their stand at the Free and Open Source Software Developers European Meeting 2015 event in Brussels. This release includes security fixes, removes support of the deprecated MSN protocol, along with SSLv3 in XMPP. Among other notable improvements, the OS X version bundles a Java 8 runtime, enables echo cancelling by default, and uses the CoreAudio subsystem. The Linux build addresses font issues with the GTK+ native LookAndFeel, and fixes some long standing issues about microphone level on call setup when using the PulseAudio sound system. This release also adds the embedded Java database Hyper SQL Database to improve performance for users with huge configuration files, a feature which is disabled by default. A full list of changes is[24] available on the project web site.

Jitsi supports multiple operating systems, including Windows as well as Unix-like systems such as Linux, Mac OS X and BSD. Beta packages built for Android are available[25] but the projects roadmap describes the porting to Android as on hold.[26] It also includes:[27]

The following protocols are currently supported by Jitsi:[5]

Jitsi is mostly written in Java[32] which helps reuse most of the same code over the various operating systems it works on. Its GUI is based upon Swing. The project also uses native code for the implementation of platform specific tasks such as audio/video capture and rendering, IP address selection, and access to native popup notification systems such as Growl.

The project uses the Apache Felix OSGi implementation[33] for modularity.

Among others Jitsi uses the JAIN-SIP protocol stack for SIP support and the Jive Software Smack library[34] for XMPP.[35]

As Jitsi can handle IPv6 it is especially interesting for direct PC-to-PC (peer-to-peer) communication, for instance, if both sides were trapped behind NAT routers, but could obtain a reachable IPv6 address via a tunnel-broker.[citation needed]

The Jitsi community has also completed an ICE implementation called ice4j.org, which it uses to provide NAT traversal capabilities, and assist IPv4 to IPv6 transition.[36]

Audio systems supported are PortAudio, PulseAudio and WASAPI (Windows Audio Session API).

Visit link: Jitsi Wikipedia

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Jitsi | Prometheism.net

Windows DRM Files Deanonymize Tor Browser Users – Virus Guides – Virus Guides (blog)

The Hacker House security experts have warned that downloading and opening Windows DRM-protected files can decloak Tor Browser users and reveal their IP addresses.

The attacks via DRM-protected multimedia files in Windows have been known for more than 10 years, though until recently, theyve only been used to spread malware.

Some of the previous attacks tried to make users open and play DRM-protected files. Usually, these files would open in Windows Media Player, and users would see a popup that asked them to visit a URL to validate the files license.

PC users who agreed were transferred to an authorization URL. However, what users dont know is that hackers could modify these links and point victims to exploit kits or malware-laced files.

The Hacker House team has found that the pop up asking users if they wanted to visit the authorization URL would only appear for DRM files which have not been signed with the proper tools.

In case the attacker signed the DRM-protected multimedia files with an official Microsoft SDKs such as Windows Media Encoder or Microsoft Expression Encoder, the popup would not show, and the users player would automatically open an Internet Explorer instance and access the authorization URL.

According to the Hacker House security experts, the cost of properly signing DRM multimedia files ranges around $10,000, a sum that many low-end malware authors arent willing to pay for such a niche attack.

Nevertheless, the same thing doesnt relate to determined state-sponsored hackers or law enforcement agencies, who have the financial and physical resources to support such an attack infrastructure.

For example, law enforcement could host properly signed DRM-protected files on websites pretending to host child pornography. When a user would try to view the file, the DRM multimedia file would use Internet Explorer to ping a server belonging to the law enforcement agency.

Also, this tactic can be used to target ISIS militants trying to view propaganda videos, illegal drug and weapons buyers trying to view video product demos, political dissidents viewing news videos, etc.

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Windows DRM Files Deanonymize Tor Browser Users - Virus Guides - Virus Guides (blog)

ChronoBank Raised $4m in Cryptocurrency with a Week Left for the Crowdsale – Finance Magnates

ChronoBank, a blockchain-based initiative aimed at disrupting the short-term recruitment sector, has already raised just over $4 million in cryptocurrency with itscrowdfund which will end in only one week. It recently reached two new partnerships both in the employment and cryptocurrency spaces.

To unlock the Asian market, register now to the iFX EXPO in Hong Kong.

ChronoBank has established a strategic partnership with Instahire, a team that is launching an app to expedite the recruitment process. Instahire is associated with the Clifford Wallace Agency, which supplies hospitality staffing to corporate events and restaurants and receives around 1,000 job applications per month. ChronoBanks team met with representatives from Instahire last week to discuss the possibility of a partnership between the two organisations. They say that both immediately saw the potential opportunities.

Instahire will launch in February 2017, first locally in Sydney and then to Australia in its entirety. The app is currently in the final stages of testing, ahead of first release, and hospitality businesses are actively being sought and added to the list. The immediate synergy for ChronoBank is to help grow the number of pre-registrations for both jobseekers and businesses.

Once the Instahire app is up and running with sufficient numbers of employers and employees, it will make sense to introduce the LH currency used on the ChronoBank platform. As an added incentive, the team are discussing the possibility of offering a free ChronoBank debit card with $20 credit for every new registered user, charging a 2% wage transfer fee.

ChronoBank has also partnered with theNEM cryptocurrency platform to create a separate wallet for the NEM ecosystem. ChronoBank will also issue Labour Hour (LH) tokens on the NEM network and use on-chain multi-sig, one of NEMs flagship security features.

NEM (New Economy Movement) was originally conceived as a clone of the Nxt blockchain, but rapidly developed into a completely new project with its own codebase. Its ecosystem has since grown with a market cap of around $60 million now, placing it in the top 10 of all cryptocurrencies.

It is important for us to deploy tokens on several blockchains, comments Sergei Sergienko, CEO of ChronoBank.This builds in redundancy and broadens our appeal across many initiatives and communities.

LH will leverage NEMs token asset facility that enables businesses to create blockchain tokens with specific properties and identifiers. The flexibility and ease of use of this system is highly appealing to us, continues Sergienko. NEMs developers have designed a powerful but nevertheless intuitive approach to token operations.

Aside from issuing tokens on the NEM network, ChronoBank is creating a dedicated wallet for the NEM blockchain. This will incorporate another powerful feature of the NEM blockchain: on-chain multi-signature transactions. Up to 32 signatories can be required to sign a transaction and, uniquely to NEM, signatures are propagated across the blockchain as soon as they are created. The developers explain that this means further signatories do not have to worry about an aggregating server going offline there is no single point of failure.

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Will Cryptocurrency Abuse be an Enforcement Focus for the IRS this Tax Season? Blog Subject to Inquiry – Lexology (registration)

Tax filing season began January 23rd, and with its arrival the IRS began rolling out its annual list of the so-called Dirty Dozen. The Dirty Dozen list is an educational effort to inform the public about scams, but it also offers insight into the tax enforcement issues on the IRSs radar.

Particular tax schemes often stay on the Dirty Dozen list for years until the IRS devises an effective strategy for combatting them (if it ever does). Changes on the list reveal new schemes or enforcement priorities that have caught the IRSs attention.

Of particular interest this year: whether cryptocurrency abuse will make the list. Cryptocurrencies, of which Bitcoin is the most well-known, are digital currencies not backed by any government. They trade on public markets called exchanges, and their use has grown rapidly in recent years. The IRS taxes cryptocurrency like property, not foreign currency.

The IRS is presently litigating a summons case against Coinbase Inc., a prominent U.S.-based cryptocurrency exchange, in the Northern District of California. The IRS uses John Doe summons procedure when it believes some type of transaction is being used for tax avoidance, and it wants to find out the identities of currently-unknown taxpayers who have participated in those transactions. John Doe summonses have used to sniff out the identities of, for example, taxpayers using debit cards linked offshore, or holding accounts at certain banks suspected of abuse.

The IRSs resort to John Doe procedure suggests it views cryptocurrency dealing as a widespread tax evasion strategy. But its evidence to date proves only isolated abuse, not pervasive tax evasion. The IRSs summons is supported by interviews with 3 taxpayers who admitted to using cryptocurrency to avoid or evade taxes. But its demand for records is far broader: all cryptocurrency transactions with a U.S. jurisdictional hook at a large cryptocurrency exchange over a 3 year period.

Based in part on this mismatch of the IRSs evidence and the information it demands, some cryptocurrency users and Coinbase itself are litigating to fight the summons. But such efforts seldom succeed at blocking disclosure.

If the IRS viewed cryptocurrency as a common tool for tax abuse, one might expect it to serve John Doe summonses on other US-based cryptocurrency exchanges or payment applications. But it has not done so, probably for lack of evidence they have been abused. Of course, such evidence could emerge from new interviews or from Coinbase records, once produced and digested.

The IRSs disclosures to date create real questions about just how widespread cryptocurrency-based tax fraud really is. If the IRS includes cryptocurrency abuse on its dirty dozen list, it will be sending a signal that it views the Coinbase litigation not as a one-off skirmish, but the first front in a lengthy war to come.

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Will Cryptocurrency Abuse be an Enforcement Focus for the IRS this Tax Season? Blog Subject to Inquiry - Lexology (registration)

What Makes Bitcoin Great? One Scientist is On a Quest to Find Out – CoinDesk

Visa, PayPal, bitcoin. The last, it seems,is not like the others.

You might be thinking, well, of course. It's unique compared to olderinstitutions, ones that first madedigital currency possible by storing payment data in centralized databases.

But, that might be only one way of looking at it.

Computer scientists and developers are quick to note that the reason bitcoin has succeeded at decentralizing its monetary system is because it improves onpast computer consensus protocols, a point that Cornell associate professor Elaine Shi stressedin her presentation at the recent Stanford blockchain security conference.

Even after 30 years of research, Shi explained, classical consensus protocols fail under certain conditions. But she believes bitcoin is different because it's more "robust".

However, defining and mathematically spelling out these differences isn't so easy to do.

Shitold CoinDesk:

"The protocol's success is kind of ahead of the scientific understanding."

Despite the challenge, the academicseems determined to catch up.

Sitting in the cold after a long day of security presentations, she chatted excitedly about bitcoin's unique properties.

She noted that other recent research has sought to develop a formal security proof for bitcoin, and that thinkers from IC3 and elsewhere are now looking to help flag potential vulnerabilities and to inform future researchinto the protocol.

Shi's curiosity was first piqued in 2010 or 2011 while she was working for the technology company Xerox PARC in Palo Alto.

It was then that her friend, a hobbyist and miner, showed her the bitcoin white paper. They read through it together,fascinated.

"We tried to understand why bitcoin took off," she said.

From her point of view, it was a big deal that the currency saw so much use compared to ecash, a technology put into the worldby long-time cryptographer David Chaum in the mid-1990s.

"At that time, they adopted more sophisticated crypto. But there wasnt so much traction," she said.

She added that she was impressed that bitcoin, in contrast, saw more rapid adoption and uses simple cryptography public key encryption, signatures and hash functions.

"One big thing for bitcoin was that it made the incentives right. It gave incentives to early adopters. There are various other aspects that maybe it did right in terms of incentives and possibly helped with adoption and how it gained popularity," she added.

Later on, Shi moved to University of Maryland, where she continued her bitcoin research, and then to Cornells Initiative For CryptoCurrencies & Contracts (IC3), the university's center for study on all things blockchain.

Her presentation at Stanford, "Rethinking Large-Scale Consensus," discussed her new research, aimed at rethinking how bitcoin might work differently, but retain its unique properties. The result is her proposed 'sleepy'model of consensus.

She noted that when she asked why people were exploring the use of a blockchain rather than a long-studied classical protocol, such as PBFT, people would typically respond "because its more robust".

This is the common wisdom. But, she noted that from an academic perspective, its been difficult to even define what 'robust' means exactly.

In this light, 'sleepy consensus' explores a specific piece of bitcoin's robustness: sporadic participation, where nodes can leave and enter the system as they please. It further examines whether a system can be as robust without proof-of-work, the algorithmthat leads to one agreed-upon transaction history

In Shi's model, there are 'sleepy' nodes (that are offline) and 'awake' nodes (that are online and active).

Shi displayed images of Snow White to show each state, and to demonstrate that that nodes can shift between these two states.

"For example, when the prince kisses Snow White, she wakes up and continues to participate," she said. "Snow White is a very robust princess."

One way to test the robustness of the system is to seewhether itcan come to agreement when 51% of the online nodes are 'honest' (and therefore will not accept an invalid transaction), even with this property of sporadic participation.

Classical models fail here. In fact, Shi went as far as to say that no classical protocol, whether synchronous or asynchronous, holds up. Not even when 99% of the online nodes are honest.

She concluded that bitcoin, as conventional wisdom says, is indeed robust. Its a system thats been up and running for eight years, and that continues to work as long as 51% of nodes are honest.

'Sleepy' consensus builds on that robustness, but rearranges the protocol in a way that ditchesbitcoins proof-of-work.

The research team found that the tweaked systemwas more robust in some ways, but with the new construction, new security problems also sprung up.

Work is ongoing here, and Shi said that, for now, the protocol is suitable for consortium blockchains along the lines of those released by the Linux-led Hyperledger.

Though, again, there are perhaps other elements to bitcoin's 'robustness'.

Another project from Shi and IC3,FruitChains, explores bitcoins game theoretical component, or how it incentivizes participants to act in a way that ultimately benefits everyone.

The result of the research is a proposal for a 'fair blockchain', where block rewards and transaction fees are evenly distributed and there's less variance in rewards.

Analyzingeach piece on its own could lead to something bigger.

"In general, we need a new scientific foundation for all of this," Shi said.

Yet, Shiemphasized that this research is not about defining things just for the sake of academic curiosity.

Once people understand the protocols better, there are different, perhaps unexpected, directions togo. Broadly, researchers will have a better understanding of how public blockchains can be improved.

Proof-of-work is expensive, for example, as powerful computers from around the world are currently hashing puzzles at dizzying rates to secure blockchains like bitcoin and ethereum. Many researchers, such as those working on proof-of-stakefor ethereum, are trying to develop a way around these massiveelectricity demands.

Moreresearch couldhelp determinewhether or not those efforts are in vain.

Furthermore, Shi argues that its important to work on understanding the security of the protocol, and writing up mathematical proofs that could potentially bring to light hidden protocol flaws.

People have somehow developed these very nice intuitions, but its still very, very difficult to like design a provably correct protocol. Thats very, very important when youre dealing with something like cryptocurrency, because if the protocol is broken then your money is at stake, she said.

A 'provably correct' protocol, on the other hand, is one that satisfies certain mathematical requirements.

She mentioned that such a protocolcould help ward off future situations along the lines of The DAO the ethereum project that ended in failure.

Its very easy to make a mistake unless you go through this whole process, she said. I think that both in academia and in industry theres this huge need for these protocols, including both consensus and cryptography.

She also argued that smart contracts require more advanced cryptography protocols.

IC3 would like to help make these secure by constructing protocols. And deploy them in the real world, she added.

Beyond all that, Shi has other research ideas.

One potential project is to design a programming language that would let coders with little knowledge of cryptography create more secure apps. Programmers could state vaguely what security properties they need, and the programming language itself would decide what consensus protocol would be best used under the hood.

To Shi, the ability to combine disciplines in such a way is partly what's so exciting. And, bitcoin is a rich area to experiment with cryptography in particular, she said.

She concluded:

"This is like the goldmine of problems."

Bitcoin maze image via Shutterstock

Academic ResearchBitcoin ProtocolCryptographySecurity

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Comet ShoemakerLevy 9 – Wikipedia

Comet ShoemakerLevy9 (formally designated D/1993F2) was a comet that broke apart in July 1992 and collided with Jupiter in July 1994, providing the first direct observation of an extraterrestrial collision of Solar System objects.[2] This generated a large amount of coverage in the popular media, and the comet was closely observed by astronomers worldwide. The collision provided new information about Jupiter and highlighted its role in reducing space debris in the inner Solar System.

The comet was discovered by astronomers Carolyn and Eugene M. Shoemaker and David Levy.[3] ShoemakerLevy 9 had been captured by Jupiter and was orbiting the planet at the time. It was located on the night of March 24, 1993 in a photograph taken with the 40cm (16in) Schmidt telescope at the Palomar Observatory in California. It was the first comet observed to be orbiting a planet, and had probably been captured by Jupiter around 2030 years earlier.

Calculations showed that its unusual fragmented form was due to a previous closer approach to Jupiter in July 1992. At that time, the orbit of ShoemakerLevy 9 passed within Jupiter's Roche limit, and Jupiter's tidal forces had acted to pull apart the comet. The comet was later observed as a series of fragments ranging up to 2km (1.2mi) in diameter. These fragments collided with Jupiter's southern hemisphere between July 16 and July 22, 1994 at a speed of approximately 60km/s (37mi/s) or 216,000km/h (134,000mph). The prominent scars from the impacts were more easily visible than the Great Red Spot and persisted for many months.

While conducting a program of observations designed to uncover near-Earth objects, the Shoemakers and Levy discovered Comet ShoemakerLevy 9 on the night of March 24, 1993 in a photograph taken with the 0.4m (1.3ft) Schmidt telescope at the Palomar Observatory in California. The comet was thus a serendipitous discovery, but one that quickly overshadowed the results from their main observing program.[4]

Comet ShoemakerLevy 9 was the ninth periodic comet (a comet whose orbital period is 200 years or less) discovered by the Shoemakers and Levy, hence its name. It was their eleventh comet discovery overall including their discovery of two non-periodic comets, which use a different nomenclature. The discovery was announced in IAU Circular 5725 on March 27, 1993.[3]

The discovery image gave the first hint that comet ShoemakerLevy 9 was an unusual comet, as it appeared to show multiple nuclei in an elongated region about 50arcseconds long and 10arcseconds wide. Brian G. Marsden of the Central Bureau for Astronomical Telegrams noted that the comet lay only about 4degrees from Jupiter as seen from Earth, and that although this could of course be a line of sight effect, its apparent motion in the sky suggested that it was physically close to it.[3] Because of this, he suggested that the Shoemakers and David Levy had discovered the fragments of a comet that had been disrupted by Jupiter's gravity.

Orbital studies of the new comet soon revealed that it was orbiting Jupiter rather than the Sun, unlike all other comets known at the time. Its orbit around Jupiter was very loosely bound, with a period of about 2 years and an apoapsis (the point in the orbit farthest from the planet) of 0.33 astronomical units (49,000,000km). Its orbit around the planet was highly eccentric (e = 0.9986).[5]

Tracing back the comet's orbital motion revealed that it had been orbiting Jupiter for some time. It seems most likely that it was captured from a solar orbit in the early 1970s, although the capture may have occurred as early as the mid-1960s.[6] Several other observers found images of the comet in precovery images obtained before March 24, including Kin Endate from a photograph exposed on March 15, S. Otomo on March 17, and a team led by Eleanor Helin from images on March 19.[7] No precovery images dating back to earlier than March 1993 have been found. Before the comet was captured by Jupiter, it was probably a short-period comet with an aphelion just inside Jupiter's orbit, and a perihelion interior to the asteroid belt.[8]

The volume of space within which an object can be said to orbit Jupiter is defined by Jupiter's Hill sphere (also called the Roche sphere). When the comet passed Jupiter in the late 1960s or early 1970s, it happened to be near its aphelion, and found itself slightly within Jupiter's Hill sphere. Jupiter's gravity nudged the comet towards it. Because the comet's motion with respect to Jupiter was very small, it fell almost straight toward Jupiter, which is why it ended up on a Jupiter-centric orbit of very high eccentricity that is to say, the ellipse was nearly flattened out.[9]

The comet had apparently passed extremely close to Jupiter on July 7, 1992, just over 40,000km (25,000mi) above its cloud topsa smaller distance than Jupiter's radius of 70,000km (43,000mi), and well within the orbit of Jupiter's innermost moon Metis and the planet's Roche limit, inside which tidal forces are strong enough to disrupt a body held together only by gravity.[9] Although the comet had approached Jupiter closely before, the July 7 encounter seemed to be by far the closest, and the fragmentation of the comet is thought to have occurred at this time. Each fragment of the comet was denoted by a letter of the alphabet, from "fragment A" through to "fragment W", a practice already established from previously observed broken-up comets.[10]

More exciting for planetary astronomers was that the best orbital calculations suggested that the comet would pass within 45,000km (28,000mi) of the center of Jupiter, a distance smaller than the planet's radius, meaning that there was an extremely high probability that SL9 would collide with Jupiter in July 1994.[11] Studies suggested that the train of nuclei would plow into Jupiter's atmosphere over a period of about five days.[9]

The discovery that the comet was likely to collide with Jupiter caused great excitement within the astronomical community and beyond, as astronomers had never before seen two significant Solar System bodies collide. Intense studies of the comet were undertaken, and as its orbit became more accurately established, the possibility of a collision became a certainty. The collision would provide a unique opportunity for scientists to look inside Jupiter's atmosphere, as the collisions were expected to cause eruptions of material from the layers normally hidden beneath the clouds.[5]

Astronomers estimated that the visible fragments of SL9 ranged in size from a few hundred metres to two kilometres across, suggesting that the original comet may have had a nucleus up to 5km (3.1mi) acrosssomewhat larger than Comet Hyakutake, which became very bright when it passed close to the Earth in 1996. One of the great debates in advance of the impact was whether the effects of the impact of such small bodies would be noticeable from Earth, apart from a flash as they disintegrated like giant meteors.[12] The most optimistic prediction was that large, asymmetric ballistic fireballs would rise above the limb of Jupiter and into sunlight to be visible from Earth.[13] Other suggested effects of the impacts were seismic waves travelling across the planet, an increase in stratospheric haze on the planet due to dust from the impacts, and an increase in the mass of the Jovian ring system. However, given that observing such a collision was completely unprecedented, astronomers were cautious with their predictions of what the event might reveal.[5]

Anticipation grew as the predicted date for the collisions approached, and astronomers trained terrestrial telescopes on Jupiter. Several space observatories did the same, including the Hubble Space Telescope, the ROSAT X-ray-observing satellite, and significantly the Galileo spacecraft, then on its way to a rendezvous with Jupiter scheduled for 1995. Although the impacts took place on the side of Jupiter hidden from Earth, Galileo, then at a distance of 1.6AU from the planet, was able to see the impacts as they occurred. Jupiter's rapid rotation brought the impact sites into view for terrestrial observers a few minutes after the collisions.[15]

Two other satellites made observations at the time of the impact: the Ulysses spacecraft, primarily designed for solar observations, was pointed towards Jupiter from its location 2.6AU away, and the distant Voyager 2 probe, some 44AU from Jupiter and on its way out of the Solar System following its encounter with Neptune in 1989, was programmed to look for radio emission in the 1390kHz range.[16]

The first impact occurred at 20:13UTC on July 16, 1994, when fragment A of the nucleus entered Jupiter's southern hemisphere at a speed of about 60km/s.[2] Instruments on Galileo detected a fireball that reached a peak temperature of about 24,000K, compared to the typical Jovian cloudtop temperature of about 130K, before expanding and cooling rapidly to about 1500K after 40s. The plume from the fireball quickly reached a height of over 3,000km.[17] A few minutes after the impact fireball was detected, Galileo measured renewed heating, probably due to ejected material falling back onto the planet. Earth-based observers detected the fireball rising over the limb of the planet shortly after the initial impact.[18]

Despite published predictions,[13] astronomers had not expected to see the fireballs from the impacts[19] and did not have any idea in advance how visible the other atmospheric effects of the impacts would be from Earth. Observers soon saw a huge dark spot after the first impact. The spot was visible even in very small telescopes, and was about 6,000km (3,700mi) (one Earth radius) across. This and subsequent dark spots were thought to have been caused by debris from the impacts, and were markedly asymmetric, forming crescent shapes in front of the direction of impact.[20]

Over the next six days, 21 distinct impacts were observed, with the largest coming on July 18 at 07:33 UTC when fragment G struck Jupiter. This impact created a giant dark spot over 12,000km across, and was estimated to have released an energy equivalent to 6,000,000megatons of TNT (600 times the world's nuclear arsenal).[21] Two impacts 12hours apart on July 19 created impact marks of similar size to that caused by fragment G, and impacts continued until July 22, when fragment W struck the planet.[22]

Observers hoped that the impacts would give them a first glimpse of Jupiter beneath the cloud tops, as lower material was exposed by the comet fragments punching through the upper atmosphere. Spectroscopic studies revealed absorption lines in the Jovian spectrum due to diatomic sulfur (S2) and carbon disulfide (CS2), the first detection of either in Jupiter, and only the second detection of S2 in any astronomical object. Other molecules detected included ammonia (NH3) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S). The amount of sulfur implied by the quantities of these compounds was much greater than the amount that would be expected in a small cometary nucleus, showing that material from within Jupiter was being revealed. Oxygen-bearing molecules such as sulfur dioxide were not detected, to the surprise of astronomers.[23]

As well as these molecules, emission from heavy atoms such as iron, magnesium and silicon was detected, with abundances consistent with what would be found in a cometary nucleus. Although a substantial amount of water was detected spectroscopically, it was not as much as predicted beforehand, meaning that either the water layer thought to exist below the clouds was thinner than predicted, or that the cometary fragments did not penetrate deeply enough.[24] The relatively low levels of water were later confirmed by Galileo's atmospheric probe, which explored Jupiter's atmosphere directly.

As predicted beforehand, the collisions generated enormous waves that swept across Jupiter at speeds of 450m/s (1,476ft/s) and were observed for over two hours after the largest impacts. The waves were thought to be travelling within a stable layer acting as a waveguide, and some scientists thought the stable layer must lie within the hypothesised tropospheric water cloud. However, other evidence seemed to indicate that the cometary fragments had not reached the water layer, and the waves were instead propagating within the stratosphere.[25]

Radio observations revealed a sharp increase in continuum emission at a wavelength of 21cm after the largest impacts, which peaked at 120% of the normal emission from the planet. This was thought to be due to synchrotron radiation, caused by the injection of relativistic electronselectrons with velocities near the speed of lightinto the Jovian magnetosphere by the impacts.[26]

About an hour after fragment K entered Jupiter, observers recorded auroral emission near the impact region, as well as at the antipode of the impact site with respect to Jupiter's strong magnetic field. The cause of these emissions was difficult to establish due to a lack of knowledge of Jupiter's internal magnetic field and of the geometry of the impact sites. One possible explanation was that upwardly accelerating shock waves from the impact accelerated charged particles enough to cause auroral emission, a phenomenon more typically associated with fast-moving solar wind particles striking a planetary atmosphere near a magnetic pole.[27]

Some astronomers had suggested that the impacts might have a noticeable effect on the Io torus, a torus of high-energy particles connecting Jupiter with the highly volcanic moon Io. High resolution spectroscopic studies found that variations in the ion density, rotational velocity, and temperatures at the time of impact and afterwards were within the normal limits.[28]

Several models were devised to compute the density and size of ShoemakerLevy 9. Its average density was calculated to be about 0.5 g cm3; the breakup of a much less dense comet would not have resembled the observed string of objects. The size of the parent comet was calculated to be about 1.8km in diameter.[29][30] These predictions were among the few that were actually confirmed by subsequent observation.[31]

One of the surprises of the impacts was the small amount of water revealed compared to prior predictions.[32] Before the impact, models of Jupiter's atmosphere had indicated that the break-up of the largest fragments would occur at atmospheric pressures of anywhere from 30 kilopascals to a few tens of megapascals (from 0.3 to a few hundred bar),[24] with some predictions that the comet would penetrate a layer of water and create a bluish shroud over that region of Jupiter.[12]

Astronomers did not observe large amounts of water following the collisions, and later impact studies found that fragmentation and destruction of the cometary fragments in an 'airburst' probably occurred at much higher altitudes than previously expected, with even the largest fragments being destroyed when the pressure reached 250kPa (36psi), well above the expected depth of the water layer. The smaller fragments were probably destroyed before they even reached the cloud layer.[24]

The visible scars from the impacts could be seen on Jupiter for many months. They were extremely prominent, and observers described them as even more easily visible than the Great Red Spot. A search of historical observations revealed that the spots were probably the most prominent transient features ever seen on the planet, and that although the Great Red Spot is notable for its striking color, no spots of the size and darkness of those caused by the SL9 impacts have ever been recorded before.[33]

Spectroscopic observers found that ammonia and carbon disulfide persisted in the atmosphere for at least fourteen months after the collisions, with a considerable amount of ammonia being present in the stratosphere as opposed to its normal location in the troposphere.[34]

Counterintuitively, the atmospheric temperature dropped to normal levels much more quickly at the larger impact sites than at the smaller sites: at the larger impact sites, temperatures were elevated over a region 15,000 to 20,000km (9,300 to 12,400mi) wide, but dropped back to normal levels within a week of the impact. At smaller sites, temperatures 10K higher than the surroundings persisted for almost two weeks.[35] Global stratospheric temperatures rose immediately after the impacts, then fell to below pre-impact temperatures 23weeks afterwards, before rising slowly to normal temperatures.[36]

SL9 is not unique in having orbited Jupiter for a time; five comets, (including 82P/Gehrels, 147P/KushidaMuramatsu, and 111P/HelinRomanCrockett) are known to have been temporarily captured by the planet.[37][38] Cometary orbits around Jupiter are unstable, as they will be highly elliptical and likely to be strongly perturbed by the Sun's gravity at apojove (the furthest point on the orbit from the planet).

By far the most massive planet in the Solar System, Jupiter can capture objects relatively frequently, but the size of SL9 makes it a rarity: one post-impact study estimated that comets 0.3km in diameter impact the planet once in approximately 500 years and those 1.6km (0.99mi) in diameter do so just once in every 6,000 years.[39]

There is very strong evidence that comets have previously been fragmented and collided with Jupiter and its satellites. During the Voyager missions to the planet, planetary scientists identified 13 crater chains on Callisto and three on Ganymede, the origin of which was initially a mystery.[40] Crater chains seen on the Moon often radiate from large craters, and are thought to be caused by secondary impacts of the original ejecta, but the chains on the Jovian moons did not lead back to a larger crater. The impact of SL9 strongly implied that the chains were due to trains of disrupted cometary fragments crashing into the satellites.[41]

On July 19, 2009, exactly 15 years after the SL9 impacts, a new black spot about the size of the Pacific Ocean appeared in Jupiter's southern hemisphere. Thermal infrared measurements showed the impact site was warm and spectroscopic analysis detected the production of excess hot ammonia and silica-rich dust in the upper regions of Jupiter's atmosphere. Scientists have concluded that another impact event had occurred, but this time a more compact and strong object, probably a small undiscovered asteroid, was the cause.[42]

The impact of SL9 highlighted Jupiter's role as a "cosmic vacuum cleaner" (or in deference to the ancients' planetary correspondences to the major organs in the human body, a "cosmic liver") for the inner Solar System. The planet's strong gravitational influence leads to many small comets and asteroids colliding with the planet, and the rate of cometary impacts on Jupiter is thought to be between 2000-8000 times higher than the rate on Earth.[43]

The extinction of the dinosaurs at the end of the Cretaceous period is generally thought to have been caused by the CretaceousPaleogene impact event, which created the Chicxulub crater,[44] demonstrating that impacts are a serious threat to life on Earth. Astronomers have speculated that without Jupiter to mop up potential impactors, extinction events might have been more frequent on Earth, and complex life might not have been able to develop.[45] This is part of the argument used in the Rare Earth hypothesis.

In 2009, it was shown that the presence of a smaller planet at Jupiter's position in the Solar System might increase the impact rate of comets on the Earth significantly. A planet of Jupiter's mass still seems to provide increased protection against asteroids, but the total effect on all orbital bodies within the Solar System is unclear.[46][47] Computer simulations in 2016 have continued to erode the theory.[48]

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Comet ShoemakerLevy 9 - Wikipedia

Lady Comets end losing streak – YourGV.com

Its been several years since Halifax County High School claimed a win against arch-rival GW High School.

That streak was broken in a big way Monday night at Halifax County High School, with the Comets going on a 9-2 run to end the third quarter and finishing with a 46-35 win over the Eagles.

For Comets seniors Malasia Boyd and Shadajah Davis, the win over GW was especially sweet.

Its real important to me, because GW has always been our biggest rival, said Boyd, adding that beating GW shows everybody what the team is capable of doing.

The Comets (7-12) played one of their best games of the season in beating their arch-rivals, with the Comets limiting their turnovers, getting points inside the paint on aggressive drives to the basket and hitting free throws (11-22).

Davis, who led the Comets with 11 points on the night, scored on several drives to the basket, and that was part of the game plan, she noted.

Im always trying to be aggressive and get to the basket, said Davis.

I pushed myself to go harder and do what I have to do for my team, and I wanted this win.

This is our first time beating GW, and it felt good.

A fast break layup by Dee Dee Jeffress allowed the Comets to tie the game 10-10 after one quarter, and neither team held more than a three-point lead in the second quarter, which ended with the Comets holding a narrow 20-19 lead at halftime.

A 14-5 run in the third quarter, with Davis scoring seven points and Tamiara Logan hitting a 3-pointer, gave the Comets a 34-24 lead entering the fourth quarter, where the Comets hit six of 10 free throw opportunities in putting the game away.

Jeffress scored nine points for the Comets, seven coming before halftime, while Boyd and Nichole Gillard each scored seven points.

Brittany Clark scored six points, and Logan chiped in five points for the Comets, who connected on four 3-point attempts from Clark, Logan, Boyd and Jeffress, respectively.

Lamya Burton led GW with 14 points, 10 coming in the first half, while Danielle Barbour added 11 points.

The Comets played one of their best all-around games of the season just when they needed do in increase their chances at hosting a first-round game in the first round of the Conference 16 Tournament.

We met earlier as a team and decided it was about time for us to step up and play like I know we could, said Head Coach David Graham.

It was an important game for us considering the conference standings, and we want that first-round game in the conference at home next week.

They came out with a lot of energy, they passed the ball well and they shot the ball well.

They drove the ball the best Ive seen all year long, and they played a complete ball game.

The defense and offense both were excellent, agreed Graham and Assistant Coach Sam Edmonds.

The difference came in the third quarter, and we matched their intensity all the way around, said Edmonds.

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Lady Comets end losing streak - YourGV.com

Closest comet in decades to share sky with lunar eclipse this weekend – CBS News

Comet 45P, as pictured on Saturday, Dec. 31, 2016.

NASA/YouTube

CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. A full moon and comet share double billing in a special night sky show this weekend.

A lunar eclipse starts everything off Friday night. The moon will pass into Earths penumbra, or outer shadow. The moon wont be blacked out like in a full eclipse; only part of the moon will be shaded. The penumbral lunar eclipse, as its called, should be easily visible from much of the world.

Comet 45P, meanwhile, will zoom past Earth, coming within about 7.4 million miles of our planet, NASA said. While still a safe distance away, this will be the closest approach of a comet in more than 30 years, according to the astronomy organizationSlooh, which will offer a live stream of the comets flyby online starting at 10:30 p.m. EST Friday night.

The comet will appear the western sky, in the constellation Hercules. Binoculars and telescopes will help in the search, but at its closest approach it might even be visible with the naked eye, Slooh said.

Comets are basically snowballs of frozen gases, rock and dust. When a comets orbit takes it closer to the sun, it rises in temperature and releases dust and gas in the form of a huge, glowing head. Though they cannot support life themselves, comets may have brought water and organic compound through collisions with Earth and other bodies in the solar system, according to NASA.

Stargazers have been tracking Comet 45P for the past few months. The ice ball, known as a periodic comet, comes around every five years.

2017 CBS Interactive Inc. All Rights Reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed. The Associated Press contributed to this report.

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Closest comet in decades to share sky with lunar eclipse this weekend - CBS News

Capitals slow Comets in series – Prince George Citizen

In the weekend rubber match Sunday morning at Kin 1, the Northern Capitals and Greater Vancouver Comets were taking no prisoners.

Late hacks at the goalie were being punished with cross-checks across the back and there were a few choice words uttered by both teams as the chippy play continued. It was just the kind of intensity you'd expect from last year's B.C. Female Midget Triple-A Hockey League playoff finalists renewing their rivalry in their final meeting of the regular season.

The Comets had already felt the sting of losing their first game of the season Saturday night when the Capitals went home with a 3-1 victory. Their chance for perfection denied, the Comets took it out on the Capitals in Sunday's game, posting a convincing 6-1 win.

"It felt really good handing an undefeated team their first loss of the season," said Capitals centre Cailey Mellott. "They're a good team, they play their systems well and they're fast, but we gave them a run for their money. This game was a lot more physical."

The Comets were leading 1-0 Sunday on a goal from Camryn Gormley when Mya Taylor opened the second period with a backhand shot to beat Cougars' goalie Olivia Davis. Comets winger Naomi Choong made it a 3-0 game when she skated out of the corner and scored on a high wrister on a power play 8:32 into the second period.

In the third period, an early goal from Rebecca Clarke put the game out of the Cougars' reach. Stefanie Wallace finished off a breakaway with a shot through the pads of Davis at 12:13 of the third and Nicole Kay came off the bench to relieve Davis.

Cougars sniper Braxtyn Shawara, the pride of McBride, broke up Brooke Vial's shutout bid when she put a move on defenceman Nicole Wong at the Vancouver blueline and skated in alone to score on a low wrist shot. Clarke completed the scoring in the last minute.

In Saturday's game, Mellott scored two goals, including an empty-netter, and Wynona Creyke scored the other for the Capitals. Darci Johal opened the scoring for the Comets in the first period. After knocking off a team that had reeled off 22 straight wins, the Capitals' celebrated in the dressing room like they'd won another title.

"The intensity (Saturday) was unrivaled," said Capitals assistant coach Megan Price. "They played better than they've played all season, they were working together and that's what we try to teach them as coaches and it showed on the ice. It was an awesome game, there was so much energy."

Vancouver won Friday by a 3-1 count. Choong, Johal and Jenn Gardiner were the Comet goal-scorers, after Camryn Scully notched the first goal of the game for the Capitals.

Kay started and finished in goal for the first two games.

"(Saturday's win) gave us the positivity that we can beat the top team in the league," said Kay. "Coming out strong and how we competed with them last year, to regain that confidence is good.

"This game (Sunday) was intense. Both teams wanted the win and wanted to pull it off and take the two away from the weekend."

While a perfect season was the Comets' goal, head coach Mark Taylor said it's not such a bad thing to have to swallow a regular-season loss.

"It would have been nice to try to run the table but at the end of the day we just want to keep trying to improve as a group and if we're going to have a loss it's better to have it now than a month from now," said Taylor. "You can learn from little bit of adversity like that.

"Prince George is a hard-working team and they played very well (Saturday) and limited our chances so they deserve a lot of credit for that win. It was good to see our girls bounce back. They tried to take control of the game and keep the pressure on all game."

The Capitals (9-10-2) started Sunday's game three points behind the second-place Thompson-Okanagan Lakers. There's added incentive for the Capitals to finish second knowing the top two teams receive first-round playoff byes. They have nine games left and will play the Fraser Valley Rush in a three-game series this weekend in Langley.

The Comets (23-1-0), who host the Kootenay Wild this weekend, have already wrapped up the regular season crown.

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Capitals slow Comets in series - Prince George Citizen

Utica Comets fall again in Toronto – Utica Observer Dispatch

Ben Birnell

Try as they might, the Utica Comets have not been able to find success this season in Toronto.

In three meetings, Utica had come up short in each at their North Division rivals home. Unfortunately for the Comets, the result was the same in Uticas final visit to Toronto this season. Special teams played a role in a rare Tuesday meeting.

Kerby Rychels second power-play goal of the game broke a tie game in the third period and helped the streaking Marlies edge the slumping Comets 4-2 on Tuesday before 2,944 fans at Ricoh Coliseum.

The win pushed the fourth-place Marlies three points ahead of the Comets (18-19-6-2, 44 points) in the North Division to set up a big meeting Friday between the teams at the Utica Memorial Auditorium. The Comets are 0-3-1-1 since a six-game winning streak.

Darren Archibald, playing in his 300th regular-season American Hockey League game, scored his career-best 15th goal of the season to give Utica an early lead and Colby Robak also added a goal for the Comets, who outshot the Marlies 31-25. Defenseman Evan McEneny continued a recent hot streak with two assists while the Comets got another solid start from Richard Bachman, who stopped 21 shots in his ninth start in 10 games. He is winless in his last four starts.

Garret Sparks, who entered the game with2.08 goals-against average,allowed two or fewer goals for the fifth time in six starts for the Marlies (22-21-2-1, 47 points), who have won seven of their last nine games.

First period

The Comets controlled much of the frame, outshooting the Marlies 14-9, but the teams traded power-play goals and were tied after 20 minutes.

Utica pressured the Marlies early and grabbed the lead with 7:29 remaining. With Seth Griffith off for tripping, the Comets put a shot on goal and there was a scramble in front. It was there that Archibald tapped in his second power-play goal in any as many games from the left side to help the Comets tally their fourth power-play goal in as many games. The Comets finished 1-for-5 on the power play.

The Comets continued to pressure until the Marlies got their first power-play goal of the season. With Robak off hooking, a fluttering puck in front ricocheted off Rychels skate and in with 2:54 left.

Second period

The teams again traded goals and were knotted at 2 in a period mostly controlled by the Marlies.

Less than two minutes in, Byron Froese put Toronto ahead 2-1 on a shot from the right circle that trickled in past Bachman.

The Comets had their chances and were able to get the tying goal just before the period ended on a nice play between Michael Carcone, McEneny and Robak. On the goal, Robak took a cross-ice feed from Carcone and one-time his third goal of the season past Sparks from the left circle with 57 remaining.

Third period

The Marlies regained the lead for good with about seven minutes remaining with another tally on the man-advantage. Toronto also added an empyut

With Wacey Hamilton in the box for holding, Rychel got the game-winner when he weaved through the defense and scored from the slot with 7:12 remaining. The Marlies, who finished 2-for-2 on the advantage in the game, have scored 10 power-play goals on 30 chances against the Comets.

Bachman was pulled late and Richard Clune added an empty-netter to seal the win.

Up next

The Comets and Marlies meet for the second of three meetings this month Friday in Utica. The teams also meet next Wednesday in Utica. Including Tuesdays game, the Comets play 11 contests in 19 days this month. The Comets play Saturday at Springfield before hosting Syracuse at 5 p.m. Sunday.

Notes: McEneny has nine points (4-5-9) in his last nine games. Derek Hulak, Joseph LaBate and John Negrin remain out with injuries. Marco Roy, Cole Cassels and Andrey Pedan were also scratches for the Comets. The Vancouver Canucks announced Tuesday that forward Anton Rodin is out approximately six months to recover following successful knee surgery. Rodin played three games with the Comets on a conditioning assignment in December, totaling an assist.

Marlies 4, Comets 2

Utica 1 1 0 2

Toronto 1 1 2 4

1st Period-1, Utica, Archibald 15 (Valk, McEneny), 12:31 (PP). 2, Toronto, Rychel 10 (Johnsson, Froese), 17:06 (PP). Penalties-Griffith Tor (tripping), 11:45; Loov Tor (high-sticking), 15:41; Robak Uti (hooking), 16:11. 2nd Period-3, Toronto, Froese 20 (Moore, Griffith), 1:03. 4, Utica, Robak 3 (Carcone, McEneny), 19:03. Penalties-Loov Tor (tripping), 14:56. 3rd Period-5, Toronto, Rychel 11 (Johnsson, Griffith), 12:48 (PP). 6, Toronto, Clune 3 (Gauthier), 19:43. Penalties-Corrado Tor (tripping), 1:59; served by C. Smith Tor (bench minor - too many men), 8:12; Hamilton Uti (holding), 11:29. Shots on Goal-Utica 14-9-8-31. Toronto 8-9-8-25. Power Play Opportunities-Utica 1 / 5; Toronto 2 / 2. Goalies-Utica, Bachman 9-10-2 (25 shots-21 saves). Toronto, Sparks 11-6-0 (31 shots-29 saves). A-2,944 Referees-Ben Moser (3), Chris Ciamaga (13). Linesmen-Andrew Smith (96), Libor Suchanek (41).

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Utica Comets fall again in Toronto - Utica Observer Dispatch

The Courier Boys basketball: Comets streak past Redmen – The Courier

Fostorias Jordyn Bunley blows past Genoas Matt Bradfield on his way to the basket during Tuesdays Northern Buckeye Conference boys basketball game. (Photo by Stefeni Rowland.)

By ANDY WOLF STAFF WRITER

FOSTORIA First-place Genoa didnt take last-place Fostoria High School for granted when the Comets hit the road for Tuesdays Northern Buckeye Conference matchup.

Yet, it was apparent very early on to Fostoria coach J.T. Bates that his team wasnt ready to play. Genoa built a 22-8 first-quarter edge and was never threatened in producing a 67-31 NBC win.

Our guys werent focused, Bates said. Genoa is the best team in the league. One of the best players in the league lit us up early, got us out of our game plan and were trying play catchup. We didnt have it tonight and they did. They played better than us in every aspect of the game.

They just took us to the woodshed. Not a whole lot we were going to adjust or going to do.

The Comets improved to 14-3 overall and 9-2 in the NBC to remained tied with Eastwood (15-3,9-2).

Genoas Jake Plantz, who scored a game-high 26 points, outscored the Redmen (4-12, 2-9) by himself in the first and second quarters.

The 6-foot-3 sophomore guard knocked down four straight triples, three from the left corner and one from the right, in the first quarter and ended the frame on a jumper from the right corner.

He started the second quarter with a 3-point play to total 17 points, but didnt score the rest of the first half as Genoa held a 32-16 halftime edge.

A lot of the things you do against a zone, (Jake) tends to find an area to get the shot off, Genoa coach Zach Alt said. When he gets hot the whole team does a great job recognizing that and getting the ball to the hot hand.

It was like a magnet to him for a while.

Meanwhile, the Redmen often settled for spot-up jump shots against a disciplined Genoa zone. The looks werent falling as they shot just 6 of 28 from the field in the first half, including 1 of 13 from 3-point range.

Fostoria finished 2 of 19 from downtown.

We werent attacking the middle, Bates said. We were settling for 3s. Were not a 3-point shooting team. The only way were going to get scores is by pushing the ball and getting up and down in transition. We would not do that. I dont know what it was but I dont know if we were a little intimidated by their size. We did not bring it tonight.

The Redmen had just one fast break bucket in the first half as Armand Cousin grabbed a defensive rebound and fired a halfcourt pass to Aneas Cousin who finished at the rim in two steps. By then they trailed 15-6.

Transition opportunities were limited for Fostoria as Genoa not only played a turnover-free first quarter, but outrebounded the Redmen 11-5.

We didnt close out on shooters, Bates said. Were in a zone because we dont match up. Sizewise playing man against them is a really tough thing to do based on our physical stature. When you dont close out in a zone it doesnt take a lot for a team to get a wide-open 3 and thats exactly what happened.

Andrew Bench and Matt Bradfield each chipped in 11 points and seven rebounds for the Comets. Sam Sutter had 10 points as a fourth Genoa starter in double figures.

Aneas Cousin led the Redmen with eight points while Armand had seven.

DaeMier Johnson, Gabe Sierra and Jayden Stanton grabbed five rebounds apiece.

The thing these guys have to understand is beating Lake isnt the highlight of our season, Bates said. Weve got a quick turnaround to be ready to play against Otsego (Friday) whos a very good basketball team.

The seniors only have two games left in this gym and it has to mean something to them.

GENOA (14-3, 9-2 NBC) Jo. Bradfield 3-06, Plantz 9-326, Edwards 0-00, Sutter 4-110, M. Bradfield 5-011, Vischer 0-00, Bench 3-511, Ja. Bradfield 0-0-0, Lewis 0-00, McGeorge 0-00, Trumbull 0-00, Dominique 1-13. TOTALS: 25-54 10-1867.

FOSTORIA (4-12, 2-8 NBC) Bunley 0-00, Sierra 1-02, Turner 1-02, Garcia 1-14, An. Cousin 4-08, Arm. Cousin 2-27, Stanton 1-24, Boff 0-00, Tucker 0-00, Milum 0-11, Johnson 0-00, Phillips 1-13, Mauricio 0-00, Ward 0-11. TOTALS: 11-51 6-1132.

Genoa 22 10 17 18 67 Fostoria 8 7 13 3 31

3-POINT GOALS: Genoa 7-20 (Plantz 5, M. Bradfield & Sutter); Fostoria 2-19 (Arm. Cousin & Garcia). REBOUNDS: Genoa 38 (Plantz 9); Fostoria 30 (Johnson, Sierra & Stanton 5). TURNOVERS: Genoa 10, Fostoria 13. JUNIOR VARSITY: Fostoria, 48-42.

Wolf: 419-427-8496, Send an E-mail to Andy Wolf

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The Courier Boys basketball: Comets streak past Redmen - The Courier

Comets blast Ottawa JV, 74-49 – Nevada Herald

The Cottey Comets concluded its home hoops slate with a decisive 74-49 victory over Ottawa University's junior varsity team Monday night at Hinkhouse Center.

"We played really well as a group tonight," Comets head coach Stephanie Beason said.

Cottey (7-9) was led by freshman forward Kate Story who pitched in a career-high 21 points off the bench.

The Comets rolled out to a 16 point first quarter lead. After outscoring the visitors 20-14 in the second quarter, the Comets seized a 43-21 halftime advantage.

The second half was played fairly evenly, as Cottey outscored Ottawa 31-28 for the final 25-point margin.

"We've had a few injuries and some (out with illness) lately and have had numerous players step up in their absence," Beason said. "This group is really beginning to piece things together and at the right time of year."

Cottey pounded Ottawa on the glass, holding a 48-35 advantage, which included 37 defensive rebounds to Ottawa's 11. The Comets were also able to turn 17 Ottawa turnovers into 20 points.

For a second consecutive game the Comets were efficient on the offensive end, connecting on 28-of-58 from the field (48 percent), while holding Ottawa to a frigid 28 percent (28-of-71).

Cottey freshman guard Destiney Teniente filled the stat sheet, finishing with 15 points, 15 rebounds, five assists, and a steal. Teniente finshed 6-of-11 from the field and 3-of-3 from the charity stripe.

Next up is a Region 16 road matchup with Penn Valley, with tip off slated for 6 p.m. Thursday.

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Comets blast Ottawa JV, 74-49 - Nevada Herald

Treatment has no sufficient effect in one of five psoriasis patients – Science Daily

Treatment has no sufficient effect in one of five psoriasis patients
Science Daily
A substantial part of people, one in five, undergoing systemic treatment for psoriasis (i.e. pills taken orally, injections or infusions) still have considerable problems with their disease. This is according to a study with 2,646 Swedish psoriasis ...

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Treatment has no sufficient effect in one of five psoriasis patients - Science Daily

Brave psoriasis sufferer shares powerful photograph revealing the … – The Sun

Sophia Ridlington, 22, was diagnosed with the skin condition psoriasis in her late teens

A BRAVE young woman has revealed the scaly skin that she has hidden underneath her perfect make-up.

Sophia Ridlington, 22, from Lincolnshire, was diagnosed with psoriasis a skin condition that causes red, flaky, crusty patches of skin covered with silvery scales in her late teens.

Caters News Agency

The skin condition affects her entire face and body causing a scaly texture.

The psoriasis can make her skin crack and cause excruciating pain, along with the anxiety of others commenting on her looks.

Sophia has only recently learned to embrace her skin, and has set up her own beauty business to share her passion for make-up products with others.

In one photograph she has shared on her Instagram page, Sophia can be seen with half of her face bare and the other covered in make-up.

Sophia, a bartender, said: Looking at my face covered in red itchy sores was horrendous.

It affects me from head to toe but Ive only really cared about my face as thats what everyone sees.

My skin often cracks and bleeds which causes me so much pain but now Ive learnt how to cover my face properly, I love doing my make-up and it gives me something to focus on.

Caters News Agency

I decided to cover half my face in make-up and leave the other half bare as I want people to see how different I look.

When I have all my make-up on its hard to tell theres anything wrong.

I decided to start sharing my pictures online over summer last year and now Ive started it as a business.

Im hoping make-up brands will start allowing me to experiment with their products so I can share new tips online.

Sophia isnt the only member of her family to be diagnosed with psoriasis so she always had an understanding of the condition.

She added: Everyone on my dads side of the family has psoriasis too so they were able to help when I received my diagnosis.

My skin gets incredibly scaly and I have been prescribed steroid cream which clears my skin but its only temporary, unfortunately the psoriasis is permanent and can come back at any time.

Sophias passion for makeup and special effects has now grown into beauty business.

The condition causes red and crusty patches with silvery scales to flare-up on the skin.

They normally appear on the elbows, knees, scalp, and lower back, but can crop up anywhere on the body.

The patches can sometimes be itchy or sore.

Roughly 2% of the population are affected by psoriasis and and the number is roughly split equally between men and women.

Its severity varies from person to person and for some people it is merely a small irritation.

In more serious cases it can have a crushing impact on a sufferers life.

She said: Its difficult wearing make-up all of the time because it irritates my skin but Ive spent so much time doing it that its become a huge hobby.

I have worked as a make-up artist doing special effects before and I love doing make up because Ive always spent so much time on it.

I studied make up and special effects in Grimsby which encouraged me to set up my business.

Sophia has now learned to embrace her skin, even though a lot of her family are ashamed of having the condition.

She said: My family are embarrassed of having psoriasis but I have learnt to embrace it.

A lot of people ask why I wear a lot of make-up but I have shared photos before on social media to show the difference in my face.

I beg any girls who have psoriasis and cover it up with make-up to moisturise your face properly before you transform yourself.

I hope to encourage people in a similar positon to be comfortable with their psoriasis.

Ive already received so much support on social media and people in a similar position always ask me how I cope through it.

It is widely considered that psoriasis has no cure, although in 2016 ateenager who lived in agony with severe psoriasis was cured thanks to cancer drugs.

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Brave psoriasis sufferer shares powerful photograph revealing the ... - The Sun