How 30000 pieces of bamboo came together to create the private island of Cempedak – Web In Travel

When we first saw Cempedak Island, I believe our little group uttered a collective Wow and then we were stunned into silence. Rising from the white sand was a bamboo structure with a spiral roof that resembled an ocean wave.

That, we later learnt, was the boathouse, the building that would house the bar and restaurant, in other words, the lobby if this were a hotel in the traditional sense of the word.

The resort is built around the terrain so that it is at one with the nature of the island.

This is no traditional hotel though. Cempedak is the new all-bamboo private island resort developed by the same folks behind Nikoi Island. Located 30 minutes by boat from the island of Bintan, Indonesia, it is due to open sometime mid-March and its been more than three years in the making.

Piers (right) and crew mates have been at work the past three years working with bamboo, one piece at a time

Waiting for us was Piers Berry, the project manager, looking like a veritable Robinson Crusoe. How a man hailing from England, who last worked in Panama and whos never built a resort before, ended up with this project, well, thats a story for another time.

But you can sense that for Piers, this is a dream project come true which engineer gets to create an all-bamboo resort on a private island in the middle of nowhere after all?

Piers has been hard at work the last 36 months. Hes carted a total of approximately 30,000 pieces of bamboo across the seas from Java and Sumatra on 280-foot-long barges. Hes had to treat and process them for termites and beetles. He can tell you stuff about bamboo that would make you fall in love with this unassuming plant. With his crew of 120 70 of whom work on the island theyve built a total of 20 villas, each taking three months to complete.

The attention to detail is amazing from specially-made ceiling fans to coffee tables to bamboo pegs that hold the structures together. Using local building techniques from Bali and Java, the resort has been built around the terrain.

The attention to detail can be seen from ceiling fans to coffee tables.

Said Piers, The vision was to work with what was there, and build around it, so that the resort is symbiotic and complementary with the nature. We did everything with local staff and local stuff. We used local building techniques and kept adapting, taking into account weather conditions.

Piers has clearly adapted well himself somehow he found the time to get married in those three years. Ive been lucky. I met Mark (one of the owners) in England at the right time and I also got to meet my wife.

With the opening date drawing near, he said he cant wait to finish it and see the first customers.

Owner Andrew Dixon is also looking forward to the opening. I am very excited about how the buildings are coming together. The big difference from Nikoi is the landscaping we had a team based there for a year and they sourced and propagated from the island, and its blending in nicely with the buildings.

Using local building techniques, the crew has had to adapt to weather conditions as well.

His favourite building, like mine, is the boathouse with the spiral roof. Makes you want to surf on it, he laughed.

With Cempedak being his second project, after Nikoi, clearly Dixon is more experienced and knew what to expect going in. But still I had forgotten all the little details which are killing me from how to present the menu to glass ware. We also made things hard for ourselves like hand-making the speakers from black bamboo and the iPod docking stations.

Our turntable is made out of bamboo, except for the motor. It started as a joke. My son was looking for a turntable and I said, wouldnt it be a laugh to have one made of bamboo. He found a maker in Canada, communicated with them and it took a few months for it to be made.

Dixon said its the attention to details that customers notice. Its easy to buy a Bose stereo for the room but thatd be easy to replicate. People want unique and different. When you go into a room, you can tell whos paid attention to the details, the little finishes.

Villa with a view

I am a great believer in design being functional and practical so we do mock-ups of everything. We make it, finetune it so we have the beta version, then the refined version.

I likened it to the tech worlds mantra of test, fail fast and learn and Dixon laughed, Yes, except thats pretty hard when it comes to furniture. The tech world plays with a few keystrokes, we make things.

The interior of the villa

But he said it was precisely because we now live in such a high-tech world that people appreciate the art and craft of building and making things by hand.

With Nikoi celebrating its 10th anniversary this May, Dixon said customer tastes havent changed that much except for a stronger emphasis on unique experiences, local and sustainability.

People want food and drinks to be locally-sourced, they like homemade and craft products, and there is more interest in sustainability. That topic was new 10 years ago and we tried very hard not to ram it down peoples throats then, but now its become a business case rather than just marketing.

We learnt a lot of lessons in sustainability from Nikoi and can put them into practice more on Cempedak. Technology is more available and affordable now. I like tech thats unseen and we have tech that monitors energy and deals with waste.

Technology has also changed enormously on the operations front. Ten years ago, we didnt have wifi, now you wouldnt dream of not having wifi. The customers ability to share their stories Facebook is huge marketing tool for us. Our guests are acting as our PR and marketing agents. Charging for wifi is stupid, it prevents people from doing the marketing for you.

We have developed our own POS system a cloud-based app on the iPad. Four or 5 years ago, we had iPads in front of house but nobody used them, but now they are being used back of house.

Dixon is testing a new butler technologyon Nikoi, a concierge service on mobile web. Guests can order room service, request for change of pillows and book spa treatments.

The flora and fauna on the island are all part of the experience of staying on this private island. If youre lucky, you may even get to see the native pangolin. The island is also home to the Nicobar pigeon, believed to be the closest living relative of the dodo bird.

He is conscious this may take away the island feel. One good thing about Nikoi is that you had to walk to the bar to order services and that made for a communal feeling at the bar. Well see how the usage goes. So far its been promising.

He expects business for Cempedak to also come from word of mouth as it does with Nikoi. About 10% of business comes through TripAdvisor and now that its using Siteminder for its bookings, Dixon expects more direct bookings through its website.

Cempedak will also be differentiated from Nikoi in that it will be an adult-only island. It should be priced 20-25% more than Nikoi.

Cempedak, for adults only

Private islands are still unique. In our area, theres not a lot of private islands and thats our attraction. People want space and privacy thats the new luxury, said Dixon.

And as excited as he is by the imminent opening of Cempedak, he said, I will be happier once its opened.

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How 30000 pieces of bamboo came together to create the private island of Cempedak - Web In Travel

Vomo Island Fiji Luxury beach resort and spa

VOMO is a private island escape offering a choice of 28 resort villas + 4 luxury holiday residences. Home to long stretches of white sand beaches and crystal clear waters, this 5 star, all-inclusive resortmerges contemporary design sophistication with the islands stunning natural surrounds. A new style of luxury that is understated, organic and genuine.

With two spectacular private islands to explore, renowned snorkelling and diving, creative dining options and hip bars, award-winning day spa and more, VOMO has become one of Fijis favourite luxury resorts for couples and families needing a genuinely transformative escape.

If you crave time-out, whether alone, as a couple or with family, make an escape to Vomo Island Fiji. Rest assured; its the luxury youve been looking for.

Pristine beaches for miles. And miles.

Spectacularly pristine & private. The real world is world's away.

Sunset over Vomo Lai Lai island

Two private islands. Unlimited ocean play.

Nature's lounge room. Perfect daytime viewing.

Set on two private islands, just 15 minutes north of Nadi International Airport by seaplane or helicopter, VOMO instantly becomes your personal paradise the moment you arrive. Step ashore and explore an intoxicating mix of world-class cuisine, scuba, snorkelling, hiking, luxury spa experiences, island hopping, blissful seclusion, tranquillity and of course, sunset cocktails; all served with a generous dose of genuine hospitality.

Twenty-eight (28) stylish villas and retreats perfectly positioned to take advantage of island views, ocean play and all resort facilities.

Four (4) stunning beach holiday houses touted as the pinnacle of South Pacific luxury holiday homes.

Central to every Fiji holiday is the Bula Spirit. VOMO has cleverly created a perfect balance of world-class experiences; accommodation, cuisine, scuba, snorkelling, hiking, spa, island hopping, blissful seclusion, tranquility and a healthy cocktail quota, all served with genuine Fijian hospitality. More understated than youd find on the mainland yet still with the warmth and style of welcome guests have come to love from the happiest people on earth.

VOMO expresses all that epitomises the Bula Spirit, yet in a quieter way. A unique Fijian experience youll only find on VOMO.The authentic luxury experience youve been looking for.

Vomo Island Fiji offers world-class island resort facilities whilst still cleverly embracing the raw, natural luxuries of its South Pacific surroundings and traditionalFijian culture. Pristine. Private. Untouched. From exceptional accommodation & service to spectacular sunsets it isthe holiday luxury youve been looking for.

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Vomo Island Fiji Luxury beach resort and spa

Marnita’s Table set for Wednesday – Daily Globe

Marnitas Table (MT) is an organization founded in 2005 by Marnita Schroedl and her husband, Carl Goldstein. They wanted to provide a space where people from different communities could find ways to break down barriers of race, class and culture through their model, Intentional Social Interaction.

We invite people of color, youths, people with disabilities and GLBTQ and those traditionally left out of decision-making conversations into the room so that each person can directly practice by engaging with someone new across difference, said Lauren Williams, MT communication manager.

Williams said the organization has been working along with the Department of Employment and Economic Development (DEED) and the Regional Workforce Alliance to provide tools to different regions in Minnesota. The goal is to help them engage equitable ways in the workplace and community.

We have been in communication with community members who have wanted us to come to Worthington for a couple of years, so we are very excited to finally have the opportunity, Williams said.

She explained that guests will share a meal, which will satisfy vegetarian and others dietary restrictions, while also building interpersonal relationships and finding ways to work together as a community. She added that attendees will be introduced to exercises that will help them combat implicit bias and increasing inequality in the workplace, as well as encouraged to build new relationships and collaborate with people of different backgrounds.

We build tribal alliances in the room where people across difference can see themselves as allies in community, Williams said.

Williams noted that its in the hands of each person to carry those relationships and connections beyond the event, with the goal of impacting the whole community and not just people who attend.

The next step is for each person to stay in connection with one person they have met across difference, Williams said. Not only do guests now have the ability to practice inclusion, but they have the ability to teach others how to do so by example.

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Marnita's Table set for Wednesday - Daily Globe

Prairie Pop: NPR’s Codrescu breaks down Dadaism’s ongoing influence – Little Village

From Tristan Tzaras Vingt-Cinq Poemes. Etching by Hans Arp. From the collection of the International Dada Archive, Special Collections, University of Iowa Libraries Andrei Codrescu: Documenting Dada/Disseminating Dada

Shambaugh Auditorium Saturday, Feb. 18 at 7 p.m.

Dada was a volatile artistic, social and political movement that exploded in 1916 from the Zrich club Cabaret Voltaire, creating reverberations that can still be felt today. Its fuse was lit by refugees from World War One who decamped to Switzerland, a neutral country that became a magnet for artists, bohemians and other radicals.

As poet and NPR contributor Andrei Codrescu observed, The Dadaists had the bad luck to live during a World War yet unmatched for stupidity (though he was quick to add, Not that there are any smart wars). We are living in a similar world, but it is still only 1913, he told me, drawing parallels between the dawning days of the Trump administration and the lead-up to WWIs bloodbath. So, in a scientifically more advanced time, we are in the same position the Dadaists were: The only answer to the insanity of our war-hungry leaders is a resolute NO.

The Dadaists were contrarians; they were artists who wanted to abolish art, and were serious about their jokes. We destroyed, we insulted, we despised and we laughed, reminisced early Dadaist Hans Richter in his book, Dada: Art and Anti-Art. We laughed at everything. We laughed at ourselves just as we laughed at Emperor, King and Country, fat bellies and baby-pacifiers Pandemonium, destruction, anarchy, anti-everything, why should we hold it in check? What of the pandemonium, destruction, anarchy, anti-everything, of the World War?

Dadaists said their NO by mocking all Western art and philosophy, echoed Codrescu. They saw that only the creation of new forms of art, thinking, living and creative resistance would demonstrate the absurdity of war. As the author of The Posthuman Dada Guide, he will speak in Shambaugh Auditorium at 7 p.m. on Saturday, Feb. 18 as part of the University of Iowa Main Library Gallery exhibition, Documenting Dada/Disseminating Dada.

I discovered Dada in high school, in my birthplace, Romania, which was a communist country, Codrescu recalled. Coming to Dada through the poetry of Tristan Tzara, it opened the door for him, making it possible to use his imagination to survive Romanias police state. Im familiar with dictatorship and its silencing of dissent, Codrescu added. We are now on our way to authoritarian rule in the U.S.

The Posthuman Dada Guides subtitle Tzara and Lenin Play Chess serves as the books framing device: a hypothetical chess game that pitted Tzara against Russian communist revolutionary Vladimir Lenin. Tzara played chess on the side of art, anarchy, freedom, the unexpected and the end of war. Lenin played for ideology, class war and an orderly police state. For a while in the 20th century it looked like Lenin won the war. In the 21st, it looks like Tzara did. We will see. The game still goes on.

Codrescu hopes Dada tactics can help win a game whose stakes have been raised by sadistic chess masters like Donald Trump. Spontaneous action is the only activity that the police dont understand. They understand ideologies like communism, fascism, etc., but they have trouble with poetry. First thought, best thought, Allen Ginsberg said. Organizations understand organizations, but no one expects spontaneous dance, song or a sudden seizure by a pagan god. Dada is a constructive destruction party that lets the future in.

When asked about his favorite historical moment in this constructive destruction party, Codrescu mused, The first night at Cabaret Voltaire must have been something: Poets invented simultaneous readings, there were dances invented on the spot, fantastic masks by Marcel Janco, Tristan Tzaras antics, Hugo Balls nonsense poems, several languages in performance. There was a drunken audience of heartbroken, wounded soldiers, deserters and spies. It was the start of modern art in the 20th century. One evening that changed everything.

Dadaists mocked and molested bourgeois society with prankish acts that attempted to dismantle the museums and turn the streets into galleries. The first shot fired from Dadas anti-art machine gun was Marcel Duchamps first ready-made, Bicycle Wheel, in 1913. According to Duchamp, a ready-made is just an everyday object that can be turned into art by someone audacious enough to call it that. As early as 1913, Duchamp deadpanned, I had the happy idea to fasten a bicycle wheel to a kitchen stool and watch it turn.

With Fountain, his most notorious ready-made, Duchamp bought a mass-produced urinal, signed the name R. Mutt on its white porcelain surface and then placed it in a gallery. On another occasion, he drew a mustache and goatee on a store-bought reproduction of Da Vincis Mona Lisa, naming it LHOOQ. When the letters in Duchamps title are read aloud in French Elle a chaud au cul its a pun on a phrase that translates colloquially as she is hot in the ass.

For a group that embraced irreverence and chaos, its no surprise that Dadaism quickly imploded by the early-1920s. But its anarchic legacy lives on and continues to serve as an antidote to todays post-truth era that is swimming in alternative facts. Reflecting on this, Codrescu said, The non-facts of people in power are dangerous lies. The disorder of distracters is not Dada: its brainwashing propaganda based on salesmanship and deliberate confusion. Dada undoes those with an overt sense of the absurd that puts the spotlight squarely on the contradictions of power.

Dada is flexible, he concludes, when the power lies, it reacts with an absurd but true transparent gesture. When power pretends to be of the people, Dada proclaims its aristocracy. Dada is a perpetual NO to whatever is being proposed by the manipulators in power.

Kembrew McLeod marches to the beat of his own Dada drummer. This article was originally published in Little Village issue 215.

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Prairie Pop: NPR's Codrescu breaks down Dadaism's ongoing influence - Little Village

Nuclear Reactors to Power Space Exploration – R & D Magazine

Full-scale nuclear test

The nuclear demonstration test will occur in late summer or early fall of 2017. The test will be conducted at the Device Assembly Facility at the Nevada National Security Site (NNSS). It will be comprised of a ~32 kilogram enriched uranium reactor core (about the size of a circular oatmeal box) made from uranium metal going critical, and generating heat that will be transported by sodium heat pipes to Stirling engines that will produce electricity.

The test will include connecting heat pipes and Stirling engines enclosed in a vacuum chamber siting on the top of a critical experiment stand.The critical experiment stand has a lower plate than can be raised and lowered. On this plate will be stacked rings of Beryllium Oxide (BeO) that form the neutron reflector in the reactor concept. A critical mass is achieved by raising the BeO reflector to generate fission in the reactor core. Once fission has begun, the BeO reflector will be slowly raised to increase the temperature in the system to 800 degrees Centigrade. The heat pipes will deliver heat from the core to the Stirling engines and allow the system to make ~250 watts of electricity. For the purpose of testing only, two of the eight Stirling engines will make electricity,the others will only discard heat.

The data gained will inform the engineers regarding startup and shutdown of the reactor, how the reactor performs at steady state, how the reactor load follows when Stirling engines are turned on and off and how the system behaves when all cooling is removed. This data will be essential to moving forward with a final design concept.

Potential for missions to Mars

Once the nuclear demonstration testing has been completed, the path to putting a nuclear reactor on a NASA mission to deep space or the Mars surface is still several years away. A finalized design must be completed along with rigorous testing of the system for reliability and safety.

The most recent NASA studies have focused on the use of KiloPower for potential Mars human exploration. NASA has examined the need for power on Mars and determined that approximately 40 kilowatts would be needed. Five 10-kilowatt KiloPower reactors (four main reactors plus one spare) could solve this power requirement.

The 40 kilowatts would initially be used to make oxygen and possibly propellant needed by the Mars Ascent Vehicle to send astronauts back into Martian orbit. After making oxygen or fuel, the power would then be available to run the Martian habitat or provided power to Martian rovers all needed by the astronauts during their stay on Mars. Nuclear power has the advantage of being able to run full time day or night, as well as being able to operate closer to the Martian poles where it is believed water exists in substantial quantities.

Lessons learned

Lessons learned from the kiloPower development program are being leveraged to develop a Mega Watt class of reactors termed MegaPower reactors. These concepts all contain intrinsic safety features similar to those in kiloPower, including reactor self-regulation, low reactor core power density and the use of heat pipes for reactor core heat removal. The use of these higher power reactors is for terrestrial applications, such as power in remote locations, or to power larger human planetary colonies. The MegaPower reactor concept produces approximately two megawatts of electric power. The reactor would be attached to an open air Brayton cycle power conversion system. A Brayton power cycle uses air as the working fluid and as the means of ultimate heat removal.

MegaPower design and development process will rely on advanced manufacturing technology to fabricate the reactor core, reactor fuels and other structural elements. Research has also devised methods for fabricating and characterizing high temperature moderators that could enhance fuel utilization and thus reduce fuel enrichment levels.

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Nuclear Reactors to Power Space Exploration - R & D Magazine

Company in Focus: Nanotech Security Corp. (TSXV:NTS) – Midway Monitor

Nanotech Security Corp. (TSXV:NTS) currently has a Gross Margin (Marx) ratio of 0.115127. Robert Novy-Marx has provided investors with insights on finding high-quality value stocks. Marx pointed to a high gross income ratio defining the quality of a company. Nanotech Security Corp. has a Gross Margin score of 57. The Gross Margin score falls between 1 and 100 where a score of 1 would be good, and a score of 100 would be considered bad. This score is based on the Gross Margin stability and growth over the previous 8 years.

Focusing in further, Nanotech Security Corp. (TSXV:NTS) has an EV (Enterprise Value) of 73183. EV represents the total economic value of a specific company. EV is considered to gauge the theoretical takeover price if a company was to be acquired. EV takes into account more than just the outstanding equity. Debt and cash can have a big impact on a firms Enterprise Value. Although two companies may have the same market cap, they may have highly different EV values.We can now shift the focus to some current ROIC (Return on Invested Capital) data for Nanotech Security Corp. (TSXV:NTS). ROIC is a commonly used financial metric that measures how efficient a company is with earning cash flow through invested capital. A typical ROIC calculation divides operating income, adjusted for its tax rate, by total debt plus shareholder equity minus cash. The aim of the ROIC calculation is to show how much new cash is generated from capital investments. After a recent check, Nanotech Security Corp.s ROIC is -0.43493. The ROIC 5 year average is -1.594091 and the ROIC Quality ratio is at -1.266727.

Investors searching for value in the stock market may be checking on the Magic Formula Rank or MF Rank for Nanotech Security Corp. (TSXV:NTS). Nanotech Security Corp. currently has a MF Rank of 13663. The Magic Formula was devised and made popular by Joel Greenblatt in his book The Little Book That Beats the Market. Greenblatts formula helps seek out stocks that are priced attractively with a high earnings yield, or solid reported profits in comparison to the market value of the company. To spot opportunities in the market, investors may be looking at stocks that have the lowest combined MF Rank.

Nanotech Security Corp. (TSXV:NTS) has a currentValue Composite score of 87. This score falls on a scale from 0 to 100 where a lower score would indicate an undervalued company and a higher score would indicate an overvalued company. This ranking was created by James OShaughnessy using six different valuation ratios including price to book value, price to sales, EBITDA to EV, price to cash flow, price to earnings, and shareholder yield.

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Company in Focus: Nanotech Security Corp. (TSXV:NTS) - Midway Monitor

Insider Trading Activity Applied Nanotech Holdings Inc. (OTCMKTS:PENC) Director Bought 1958 shares of Stock – Market Exclusive

Insider Trading Activity Applied Nanotech Holdings Inc. (OTCMKTS:PENC) Director Bought 1958 shares of Stock
Market Exclusive
Ronald J Berman , Director of Applied Nanotech Holdings Inc. (OTCMKTS:PENC) reportedly Bought 1,958 shares of the company's stock at an average price of 1.66 for a total transaction amount of $3,250.28 SEC Form. Insider Trading History For Applied ...

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Insider Trading Activity Applied Nanotech Holdings Inc. (OTCMKTS:PENC) Director Bought 1958 shares of Stock - Market Exclusive

WW3 threat as US Army prepares to defend Europe from Russia onslaught – Daily Star

HUNDREDS of US Army Helicopters have arrived in Germany as a giant multinational army prepares to defend the continent from a Russian invasion.

Dozens of Chinook, Apache and Black Hawk choppers were unloaded in the German port city of Bremerhaven joining an already massive US presence in Europe.

It comes as NATO continues to beef up its presence in Eastern Europe to fight against what it calls the "Russian threat".

It was confirmed that a total of 24 Boeing AH-64D Apache and 94 Chinook and Black Hawk helicopters touched down yesterday, along with 350 vehicles and 1,800 personnel from the New York-based 10th Combat Aviation Brigade.

RUPTLY/GETTY

Eleven NATO countries have sent 4,000 troops to Lithuania to participate in this years Iron Sword exercises.

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Members of the U.S. 173rd Airborne Brigade prepare a simulated attack

This deployment is, of course, a threat for us

Major General Duane Gamble, the Commander of the 21st Theatre Sustainment Command, said: Today, we are downloading a portion of the combat aviation brigade and it will be moved to Germany and Eastern Europe and will be scattered between Latvia and Romania, while a big chunk of it will be stationed in Germany."

The deployment marks a further stage in Operation Atlantic Resolve, which was launched in the wake of the Ukraine-Crimea crisis in 2014.

Just last week, Vladimir Putin warned his country to prepare for a "time of war".

The Russian President ordered a "snap check" of armed forces to ensure his military is able to fight enemies immediately.

As Donald Trump has promised to start an arms race, we take a look at the futuristic weapons being developed for the US military.

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A projectile fired from an electromagnetic rail gun. Rail Guns use an electro magnet to propel a projectile at speeds up to 2500 meters per second.

Last July, NATO members agreed to the "biggest reinforcement since the Cold War" when it sent four battalions to Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Poland.

Over the following months, evidence that Russia's doorstep is being increasingly militarised has steadily grown with thousands of tanks, troops, and aircraft aimed to fight Russia.

Russian Deputy Foreign Minister Aleksey Meshkov said of the recent NATO move: "This deployment is, of course, a threat for us.

It is obvious that the steps by NATO gravely increase the risk of incidents [between NATO and Russian forces].

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WW3 threat as US Army prepares to defend Europe from Russia onslaught - Daily Star

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Psychedelics a Viable Therapeutic Option for Depression – Psychiatry Advisor


Psychiatry Advisor
Psychedelics a Viable Therapeutic Option for Depression
Psychiatry Advisor
Rucker's team reviewed the existing research in psychedelics for mood disorders, which, though dated, hints at the possibility of therapeutic use. A systematic search of PsychINFO and MEDLINE databases for studies from 1940 through 2000 yielded 21 ...
LSD 'microdosing' is trending in Silicon Valley but can it actually make you more creative?The Conversation UK
Legalize LSD Drug policy should draw from science instead of cultureArgonaut

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Psychedelics a Viable Therapeutic Option for Depression - Psychiatry Advisor

Global Nootropics Market has been expected to grow at CAGR 17.9% CAGR during 2016-2024- Credence Research – PDF Devices

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According to the latest report published by Credence Research, Inc.Nootropics Market Growth, Future Prospects and Competitive Analysis, 2016-2024,theglobal nootropics market was valued at USD 1,346.5 Mn in 2015, and is expected to reach USD 6,059.4 Mn by 2024, expanding at a CAGR of 17.9% from 2016 to 2024.

Market Insights

Nootropics, also known as cognitive enhancers are drugs and natural extracts that improve cognitive functions such as memory, creativity, motivation in healthy individuals. Nootropics have been available in the market for several decades and were made of ingredients such as multivitamins and caffeine substances that the FDA has approved as dietary supplements and classified as GRAS (generally regarded as safe). At present, these products are being repackaged, repurposed and sold to academic and professional overachievers to augment their brain function. Companies operating in this space primarily succeed as lifestyle brands through smart marketing. However they can only be recognized as healthcare brands only after they develop products that secure regulatory approval thus establishing certified efficacy and safety to their products.

Browse the fullreport Nootropics Market Growth, Future Prospects and Competitive Analysis, 20162024 report athttp://www.credenceresearch.com/report/nootropics-market

Among the key applications of nootropics, memory enhancement currently holds the largest revenue share and it is anticipated that the segment will maintain its lead through the forecast period 2016-2024. Major factors favoring the demand for memory enhancing nootropics include growing awareness among students and executives about the promised benefits of nootropics, easy accessibility, and the booming market for supplements. The memory enhancing nootropic drugs enhance learning and memory effect, enhance the ability of learned behaviors to resist disruption, enhance the efficiency of your brain functions and protect the brain from chemical injuries. Memory enhancement segment for nootropics was valued at USD 391.6 Mn in 2015.

Geographically, North America is the largest consumer of nootropics and is also characterized by domicile of topmost market players. Large population pool, high awareness in consumer population for preventive and cognitive health, rise of the self-directed consumer, and channel proliferation are the key factors driving the dominance of North America nootropics market. On the other hand, Asia Pacific is anticipated to be the fastest progressing regional market for nootropics. While in countries like China and India having a great history of natural and herbal based cognitive drugs that boosts the brain functions and other body functions, the foreign investment in collaboration with the local players have determined substantial growth in the nootropics market and the overall dietary supplements market.

Nootropics is a relatively new entrant in the supplements market and is featured by emergence of several new and niche market entrants. Some of the key players in the global nootropics market are Nootrobox Inc., Cephalon Inc., PureLife Bioscience Co. Ltd., Peak Nootropics, Nootrico, SupNootropic Biological Technology Co. Ltd., AlternaScript LLC, Accelerated Intelligence Inc., Onnit Labs LLC, Powder City LLC, Ceretropics, Nootropic Source, Clarity Nootropics and several others.

Get Sample:http://www.credenceresearch.com/sample-request/58257

Browse the fullreport Nootropics Market Growth, Future Prospects and Competitive Analysis, 20162024 report athttp://www.credenceresearch.com/report/nootropics-market

Global Nootropics Market has been expected to grow at CAGR 17.9% CAGR during 2016-2024- Credence Research reviewed by Chris Smith on February 14, 2017 rated 4.9 of 5

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Global Nootropics Market has been expected to grow at CAGR 17.9% CAGR during 2016-2024- Credence Research - PDF Devices

15 Trance Melodies for Your Valentine – Trance Hub (satire) (press release) (blog)

A match made in heaven is quite a rarity these days, as Match made in electronic music festivals has become the reality of our times. Considering this fact, it is hard to ignore that 14th February is a big day for lovers all around the world.We are happy for the couples who celebrate this day with intense passion & promises of long lasting love, while we continue to worship our one true love Trance.Hence it was apt that we suggest 15 trance melodies that have moved us, made us cry & made us fall in love with the genre even more.

So lets try Trance & Chill this Valentines maybe?

BT & JES Every Other Way

We start with a personal favorite, as Brians sound & JES vocals have made a perfect track to describe the perfect love story. Releasing in 2010 Every Other Way still sounds fresh and is personally very close to our heart.

RAM & Susana Ramelia

RAM has managed to immortalize his late wife Amelia with this classic. With soul quenching lyrics & the beautiful voice of Susana, this track can easily bring anyone to tears.

Daniel Kandi feat Sarah Russell Change the world

A sweet tug of war between lovers who fade away but come back quickly to each other is the crux of this beautiful creation.I mean it is true we at some point of time have said to our respective lovers For you I know I can change the world.

Aly & Fila meets Roger Shah ft Adrina Thorpe Perfect Love

The trance pharos & the Balearic master give us this classic which describes the emotions of falling in love with someone very accurately. It is such a beautiful reminder to everyone that Love is here, Loves not dead, Loves alive.

Ferry Corsten Beautiful

A track to dance & a track to love. This track is definitely a crowd mover, as this track has a wonderful feel involved to it. Adding to the uplifting vibe is the sweet auto-tuned vocals which really add a different flavor to the song.

George Acosta ft Fisher Beautiful

The word beautiful is bound to have multiple tracks to it & this track by George Acosta has such meaningful lyrics attached to it. With a catchy tune, this track is an instant hit, on the dance floor as well as in several couples heart.

Simon Patterson ft Lucy Pulin The One

As trance lovers the two things that will raise your heartbeat, heavy bassline & strong vocals. Well this track is that perfect mixture; Simon has cautiously flirted with the psy side but yet managed to create a track that will remind of your beloved partner.

Matt Darey ft Tiff Lacey Always

An ideal track for a couple, who constantly move away, cannot stay without each other and always find a way back to each other. The very essence of this track can be experienced in several love stories these days.

Schiller ft Kim Sanders Let me love you

This legendary German band has given us plenty of classics to talk about, but when it comes to love I guess this stands out. Perfect song for a human who is deep in love with someone, but is too scared to express his or her feelings.So if you planning to lay your heart to someone this valentines and he or she is a trance fan, this is your go to song.

Markus Schulz ft Anita Kelsey First Time

Every couple has their own story, but we really dig those love at first sight tales, dont we? This track from Markus does just the same, describing the emotions and the journey one goes through when they see their future lover for the first time.

Chicane ft Bryan Adams Eastside story

Well all love stories dont end in relationships, but once in a lifetime we do come across someone who just meet for a moment, look at the , dream of extravagant life and in the next moment they just disappear and never show their face again. This track by Nick & Bryan is a perfect song to express that feeling.

Oceanlab Satellite

I dont think this list is complete without this track. This is track is an ode to those couples who stay away from each other, and yet through all challenges & difficulties manage to stay together forever. This track certainly does give you hope when you dont see the face of your loved one each day.

Estiva & Cardinal ft Ariellle Maren Wait forever

People usually try to forget their partners when the relationship ends while some are prepared to take the difficult path and wait. This track is homage to people who stop time and hope their long lost partner will come back.

Dash Berlin ft Jonathan Mendlsohn Better half of me

The level of goosebumps one gets while listening to this cannot be counted. Heart quenching lyrics, sweet symphony and a video that fits the words perfectly, yes this track that you would love to hear inspite of it happening a sad ending. Though this track has a part two, it yet manages to narrate a story of undying love.

Simon O Shine Your Distant World

Sometimes love does not need any words to express its importance in a couples life. This is such a track, which two people in love can listen to in times of despair, in times when everything seems lost, in times when you need someone to hold you together and pick you up. The piano breakdown in the track really manages to bring a tear in your eye every time you hear it.

These are some suggestions from us, we would love to hear from you the tracks you have for your valentines.

Curator of Edm4Pune, sports enthusiast assisted by having a taste bud for delicious food. Open to all genres of music yet staying close to his first love, Trance.

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TMS reporter rides along with MUPD on blackout Thursday – Miami Student

11:30 p.m., Havighurst Hall

Two girls were huddled beside an MUPD officer across from a room in Havighurst. The girls, clutching water bottles and dressed to go out, tried to peer inside the room and ask the officer questions that he couldnt answer about their friend the one inside waiting for an ambulance.

She was curled up in bed, engulfed in blankets with her head in another friends lap. The friend rubbed her back and held a trash can below her mouth. Soft, yellow string lights illuminated the five other girls and two MUPD officers crowding the room, and a Dont worry bee happy sign hung over them.

I just joined a sorority, the girl wailed. I dont wanna get in trouble.

Honey, said a girl leaning on her desk, dressed in a crisp pink sweater and jeans. Youre not gonna get in any trouble.

Everyone watched anxiously as the girl waiting for the ambulance continued to throw up and, when she could, moan about how mad her mom was going to be.

When the ambulance arrived, the officers asked if she thought she could walk downstairs. She couldnt. Her friends helped her out of bed and the officers each supported her with one arm.

Is she gonna be coming back tonight? her roommate asked.

The officers didnt think so.

The girl apologized for the inconvenience, but everyone told her not to worry.

Youre not the first one tonight, an officer said. And you wont be the last one, thats for sure.

11:58 p.m., North Quad

They came from Brick Street. Their drinks came from boys.

Theyd really thought their friend was okay, until they reached North Quad thats when shed begun struggling to walk on her own. Then she couldnt hold her own head up.

The officers advised the girls to help their friend into the backseat of the nearest cop car. They managed to get her seated, legs stretched out onto the icy pavement. She slumped against the seat, and both he and a friend had to support her neck as he gave her a Breathalyzer test.

Whoo, he said at the results. He alluded that she was close to the magic number, .2, the level at which people can lose the ability to walk and communicate before losing consciousness altogether.

One officer called for an ambulance.

The rest asked her gaggle of friends, whose only defense against the 10-degree weather was crop tops and cropped jeans, how they could stand the cold.

Worry, her roommate said, cracking a humorless smile. Warms you up.

Their RA came bounding outside, a big black parka swallowing her tiny frame. Half of her blonde hair had come loose from its ponytail on the journey from Brandon Hall. She wrapped her arms around the roommate and another girl and asked if she could ride in the ambulance.

The officers said yes. They waited.

1:03 a.m., Armstrong Student Center

These girls hadnt called the MUPD, and they werent planning on it. But they were lucky MUPD drove by and saw them outside Armstrong, they were told, because their friend was critically intoxicated.

The friend sat on the frozen curb, head sagging down between her knees.

The officer pulled over and asked if she was okay.

Were fine, officer, one of the seven people clustered around her said, waving him off. Were totally fine. Thank you.

How much did you have to drink tonight? the officer asked.

19? Probably 19, the girl slurred.

She did not have 19 drinks, one of her friends said. Shes fine.

She wasnt. When the officer stepped out of the car to help her stand up, she vomited clear, plentiful and as the officer pointed out, almost entirely alcohol.

He called for an ambulance.

He asked the remaining three other girls where shed been and how much theyd really had to drink, but they didnt know. One had seen her struggling at New Bar and recognized her from her pledge class; sisterly obligation spurred her to help the girl home. Theyd met the other two on Slant Walk.

All three girls helped her into the warmth of the cop cars backseat while they waited.

Will you call my roommate? Will you text her? she asked. My mom is gonna be so mad.

Dazed, she paused and squinted out at the street. The cars pulsating red-and-blue lights illuminated the sheen of sweat coating her face.

I dont know where I am, she said, panicked.

The officer told her she was waiting for an ambulance and would be okay.

Theres about to be so many people in the hospital, her sorority sister said.

1:24 a.m., McCullough-Hyde Memorial Hospital

Its too early for this, said an MUPD officer outside McCullough-Hyde. Theyve got beds stacked up.

He mentioned the possibility of diverting incoming patients to nearby hospitals.

The girl we found outside Armstrong had already arrived. Two girls whod helped her waited in the lobby, laughing at something on one of their phones. Theyd met on the walk home.

At 1:29 a.m., the MUPD was on its way to Dennison Hall. An RA had called about an intoxicated resident.

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TMS reporter rides along with MUPD on blackout Thursday - Miami Student

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First TMS Patient Health Data Management System for US Physicians Launched – Business News Wales

Magstim INSIGHT The first cloud-based Electronic Health Record management solution for TMS practices.

Magstim INSIGHT is a convenient and mobile platform created to securely store patient and TMS treatment information. American TMS providers will be able to share data remotely with co-workers, track patients progress and chart their treatment outcomes.

Magstim INSIGHT offers streamlined and stress-free data management, with customisable reporting tools to help users deal with insurance billing processes more efficiently.

In addition, Magstim Insight has been designed to help safeguard patients Protected Health Information in a HIPAA compliant system.

The launch of Magstim INSIGHT is a key milestone for Magstim and marks the companys first step into the sector of Mobile Health Technology. The innovative online service will complement Magstims core business and will be at the forefront of our future comprehensive medical practice support offering.

John Mullen, Managing Director of Magstim states:

We are thrilled to announce the latest technology release of Magstim INSIGHT, designed to add both efficiencies and investment returns to clinical practices, large and small.

This launch is another step in Magstims long term goal of providing a full service partnership to our partners in clinical psychiatry.

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First TMS Patient Health Data Management System for US Physicians Launched - Business News Wales

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Slamming ‘political correctness,’ Casper scraps recycling program for electronics – Casper Star-Tribune Online

Citing cost and the availability of cheap space at the landfill in which to bury toxic materials, Casper City Council voted on Tuesday to effectively end its legally mandated electronic waste recycling program.

Council rejected a five-year contract with Electronic Recyclers International, based in Aurora, Colorado, despite a city ordinance passed in 2009 that bars Casper from dumping electronic waste in its landfill.

It probably started as a feel-good measure, said councilman Chris Walsh. If we stop, it can go in our lined landfill.

Electronics can contain lead, chromium, cadmium, mercury, beryllium, nickel, zinc and brominated flame retardants, the website states. When electronics are not disposed of or recycled properly, these toxic materials can present problems.

Walsh and other council members cited the annual $57,400 cost of the five-year contract, despite solid waste division manager Cynthia Langstons clarification that the city would pay that amount only under the worst-case scenario.

It looks to me like were spending $57,000 on a measure thats more politically correct than it is necessary for us, Walsh said. Over the term of this contract, were going to save a quarter million dollars.

Langston had clarified at councils pre-meeting that the actual payment would likely be around $25,000 per year.

This story has been condensed. Find the original story in the Casper Star-Tribune or on trib.com.

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Slamming 'political correctness,' Casper scraps recycling program for electronics - Casper Star-Tribune Online

Geneticists track the evolution of parenting – Phys.Org

February 14, 2017 by Alan Flurry A female burying beetle feeds her begging young. The parent and offspring are in a mouse carcass prepared by the parent as food. Credit: Allen Moore/UGA

University of Georgia researchers have confirmed that becoming a parent brings about more than just the obvious offspringit also rewires the parents' brain.

The study, published this month in Nature Communications, finds that the transition from a non-parenting state to a parenting state reflects differences in neuropeptides generally associated with mating, feeding, aggression and increased social tolerance.

Neuropeptides are small proteins that allow neurons in the brain to communicate with each other; they also influence behavior.

The team's research-tested on an insect, the burying beetle Nicrophorus vespilloides-provides a predictive framework for studying the genetics of parenting and social interactions.

The burying beetle is intimately involved in raising its children, including regurgitating food to its begging offspring.

"We tested the idea that we could predict the genetic pathways involved in parenting based on old predictions from ethologists in the 1960s and 1970s," said the study's lead author Allen Moore, Distinguished Research Professor and head of the department of genetics. "When [burying beetle] parents feed their babies, they are feeding others rather than themselves and so genes that influence food-seeking behavior are likely to be involved."

Behavioral scientists predicted that genetic changes occur over time to develop parenting in a species. Based on this hypothesis, Moore's team sequenced and assembled the genome of the burying beetle and measured the abundance of neuropeptides. They theorized that behaviors related to parenting stemmed from alterations in existing genes rather than the evolution of new ones.

By looking at parenting and non-parenting beetles, their tests indicated that neuropeptides changed in abundance during parenting.

"When new traits evolve, evolution tends to modify existing genetic pathways rather than create new genes," Moore said.

The research, Moore said, suggests that many of the genes influencing parenting will be the same across many species. The commonality among organisms will help researchers identify genetic pathways important to parenting.

"It is exciting science when you take a step toward predicting the genetic changes involved in a behavior as complicated as parental care," he said. "And it was pleasing to collaborate with colleagues in genetics and Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, which allowed us to apply techniques that wouldn't otherwise be available to test our ideas."

Explore further: Beetles provide clues about the genetic foundations of parenthood

More information: Christopher B. Cunningham et al. Ethological principles predict the neuropeptides co-opted to influence parenting, Nature Communications (2017). DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14225

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A new study has examined the interaction between coparenting and coercive parenting in predicting children's disruptive behaviour.

Toddlers' fussy eating habits are mainly the result of genetic influences rather than the result of poor parenting, according to new research led by scientists at UCL.

(Phys.org)A team of researchers at the Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences has found that rhesus monkeys can pass the mirror self-awareness test if they are first taught how mirrors work. In their paper published ...

University of Georgia researchers have confirmed that becoming a parent brings about more than just the obvious offspringit also rewires the parents' brain.

Male guppies pay a high cost for their sexual harassment of female guppies including much higher mortality rates a new study from Macquarie University has found.

Scientists at the University of Wrzburg have generated new insights into the intricate molecular underpinnings of ubiquitin signaling. Their results may provide new avenues for cancer therapy.

The protein that helps the sperm and egg fuse together in sexual reproduction can also fuse regular cells together. Recent findings by a team of biomedical researchers from the Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Argentina, ...

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Geneticists track the evolution of parenting - Phys.Org

How this cockeyed squid shines a light on deep sea evolution – Christian Science Monitor

February 13, 2017 The deep sea has its fair share of quirky creatures equipped with odd features, and the cockeyed squid, sporting two different sized eyes, likely doesn'tstand out too much among other bottom ocean dwellers.

But scientists have never before been able to pinpoint a reason for its two vastly different eyes. But now, researchers from Duke University may have finally nailed down an answer, according to a study published Monday in the journal Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B.

The cockeyed squid, officially known as Histioteuthis heteropsis, has long puzzled researchers. While the species is born with eyes of the same size, its left eye grows rapidly, becoming tube-shaped and sometimes twice the size of its right eye.

"You can't look at one and not wonder what's going on with them," Duke University biologist and study co-author Kate Thomas said in a press release.

Researchers watched more than 150 videos of the squids swimming in the Monterey Submarine Canyon in Monterey Bay,Calif., which were recorded over the past three decades, observing as they swam in an unconventional upside-down position. While doing so, the squids larger, left eyes continuously looked up, while their smaller right eyes were fixed downward.

Observation and light simulations revealed that the large eye seems to search for shadows of different fish swimming overhead, while the small eye scans the ocean floor for signs of light emitted by other marine organisms.

While the left eye's field of vision picks up shadows from sun shining into the water, that's not an option for the downward-facing eye, scientists concluded. Instead, they detect bioluminescence, the kind of chemically-produced light that comes from living organisms such as fireflies or deep sea fish. That requires a different kind of eye structure than is needed for ambient light. Bigger isn't better when it comes to spotting glowing fish, the researchers found, but larger eyes are better at detecting sunlight.

So while the cockeyed squids design might look odd at first glance, it actually allows the squids to navigate their complex environment.

"The eye looking down really only can look for bioluminescence," Snke Johnsen, the study's senior author and a professor of biology at Duke University, said in a statement. "There is no way it is able to pick out shapes against the ambient light. And once it is looking for bioluminescence, it doesn't really need to be particularly big, so it can actually shrivel up a little bit over generations. But the eye looking up actually does benefit from getting a bit bigger."

Overall, squid species are faring well among their deep sea neighbors. A 2016 study revealed that squid numbers have continuously boomed for six decades, while climate change and warming waters have spelled trouble for some other species.

While that marks good news for cephalopods for now, some wonder what long-term implications for aquatic life the trend could have particularly for the creatures they eat.

"We're seeing a new world here, one we haven't seen before. Any time you push an ecosystem into a different state, there's greater uncertainty in how it will behave, and how it will respond to future changes. Frankly, I think that should make people really worried," Ben Halpern, a biology professor at the University of California, Santa Barbara's Bren School of Environmental Science and Management and the director of the school's Center for Marine Assessment and Planning, told The Christian Science Monitor last year.

"More squid and octopus to eat may seem like a good thing, and in the short run maybe it is. But I'm more worried about the long run," he said.

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How this cockeyed squid shines a light on deep sea evolution - Christian Science Monitor

Evolution always wins: University of Idaho video game uses mutating aliens to teach science concepts – The Spokesman-Review

TUESDAY, FEB. 14, 2017, 5:30 A.M.

Darwins Demons, a video game created at the University of Idaho, uses mutating aliens to teach students about natural selection and evolution.

The game, which retails for $4.99, was released Monday by video game distributor Steam. The release was timed to follow International Darwin Day on Feb. 12, which honors Charles Darwin and his groundbreaking work on how organisms change over time through the natural selection of characteristics that allow them to compete, survive and reproduce.

In the arcade-style game, players defend their spaceships against hordes of ever-evolving aliens. The fittest aliens, who destroy the most spaceships, produce the most offspring.

The nastiest, meanest aliens have the most babies. They shoot more projectiles, fire faster and move down the screen more aggressively, said Barrie Robison, a professor in UIs Department of Biological Sciences.

Within a few generations, the aliens turn into formidable foes, with genetic adaptations designed to outwit the gamers individual style of play.

Darwins Demons is the work of Robison, computer science Professor Terence Soule and an interdisciplinary team of 20 UI students, who spent last summer working on the game.

The team pulled together students majoring in biology, computer science, art and design, business, English and theater to work on various aspects of developing and marketing Darwins Demons. A National Science Foundation grant for evolution studies helped pay for the project.

The idea for Darwins Demons began several years ago, when Robison and Soule were brainstorming ways to present concepts in evolutionary biology to students.

There is ample evidence that school kids play a lot of video games, Robison said. But we wanted to make a game first, instead of a lesson plan disguised in a game.

Darwins Demons is rated for kids ages 10 and up. While younger kids can play it, they probably wont understand the science concepts, some of which are sophisticated enough for college-age audiences.

The game is based on mathematical models of evolutionary biology. Evolution computation, a sub-field of artificial intelligence, allows the video game to adapt to solve increasingly difficult problems, Soule said.

The game responds in an intelligent way to a players strategy, he said.

So, even though players can beef up defenses and fortify their spaceships, the aliens eventually prevail.

Evolution always wins, Robison said. It doesnt matter what you do, the alien population adapts to your strategy.

Like other arcade-style video games, Darwins Demons players try to beat other players highest score.

Robison has the highest score so far. But after about 20 generations of evolution, the aliens take down his fleet of spaceships.

Darwins Demons debuted on Steam, which is the amazon.com of the video game world for hard-core players, Robison said. By the end of the week, the site should include a demo of the game.

Business students are looking for ways to market the game to a wider audience of science teachers and parents. And Soule hopes to have Darwins Demons available on Xbox Live within a couple of months.

Proceeds from sales of the game will help fund similar projects in the future. If sales take off in a big way, theres also the potential for students to earn royalties from their work.

We want to develop a sustainable video design studio, Robison said. Were hoping we can release an evolutionary game around Darwins birthday each year.

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Evolution always wins: University of Idaho video game uses mutating aliens to teach science concepts - The Spokesman-Review

Eye Evolution: A Closer Look – Discovery Institute

In a previous article I described how theories of innovation provide insight into the limits of natural selection. I will now apply those concepts to hypotheses regarding the evolution of the vertebrate eye, a subject that, since the time of Charles Darwin, has been near center of the debate over the creative power of natural selection. As Darwin himself stated in the Origin of Species:

He did, however, still believe it could evolve over numerous gradual increments.

Today, evolutionists propose several of the stages in what they believe to be a plausible evolutionary path. Science writer Carl Zimmer has outlined the standard story:

See Wikipedia for a chart illustrating "Major stages in the evolution of the eye."

To add weight to this narrative, two biologists created a computer simulation, demonstrating, in their view, the incremental evolution of an eye in fewer than 400,000 generations.

This often-repeated tale sounds impressive at first, but it is not unlike most supposed explanations of the evolution of complex features. It scores high on imagination and flare but low on empirical evidence and thoughtful analysis. It most certainly does not represent a "detailed hypothesis." Likewise, the simulation does an admirable job of describing how a mechanical eye could develop incrementally, but it is completely disconnected from biological reality. In particular, it ignores the details of how a real eye functions and how it forms developmentally. When these issues are examined, the story completely collapses.

To fully appreciate why that is so requires a basic understanding of developmental biology. During development, cells divide, migrate, and differentiate into a wide variety of types. Throughout this process, the cells send chemical signals to their neighbors, and these signals cause proteins known as transcription factors (TF) to bind to genes in regulatory regions, which control the corresponding genes' activity. The TFs bind to what are called transcription factor binding sites (TFBS), and the correct binding enables the genes to produce their proteins in the right cells at the right time in the right amount.

The evolution of additional components in the vertebrate eye requires that this network of intercellular signals, TFs, TFBS, chromatin remodeling, as well as many other details be dramatically altered, so that each developmental stage can progress correctly. For instance, the seemingly simple addition of a marginally focusing lens -- that is to say, a lens that directs slightly more light onto a retina -- requires a host of alterations:

Ectodermic tissue folds into a lens placode, which then forms a lens vesicle.

Cells in the lens vesicle differentiate into lens fibers, which elongate to produce the proper lens shape.

The lens fibers then undergo several key modifications, including tightly binding together, filling almost entirely with special refractive proteins called crystallins, developing special channels to receive nutrients, and destroying their organelles.

All of these steps must proceed with great precision to ensure the end product focuses light in an improved manner. The development of the lens in all vertebrates is very similar, and it even resembles that in other phyla. Therefore, the development of the first lens should have closely followed the steps outlined above with only minor differences, inconsequential to the basic argument.

The challenge to evolution is that, short of completion, most of these changes are disadvantageous. A lens that has not fully evolved through the third step noted above would either scatter light away from the retina or completely block it. Any initial mutations would then be lost, and the process would have to start again from scratch. In the context of fitness terrains, an organism lacking a lens resides near the top of a local peak. The steps required to gain a functional lens correspond to traveling downhill, crossing a vast canyon of visually impaired or blind intermediates, until eventually climbing back up a new peak corresponding to lens-enhanced vision.

Once an organism has a functional lens, natural selection could then potentially make gradual improvements. However, moving from a reasonably functional lens to one that produces a high-resolution image is rather complex. In particular, the refractive index (i.e., crystalline concentration) has to be adjusted throughout the lens to vary according to a precise mathematical relationship. A gradual decrease from the inside to the outside is needed to prevent spherical aberrations blurring the image.

Even more steps are required for the improved image to be properly interpreted:

Feedback circuitry must be added to allow the lens to automatically refocus on images at different distances.

The retina has to be completely reengineered to process high-resolution images, including the addition of circuits to enable edge and motion detection.

The neural networks in the brain have to be rewired to properly interpret the pre-processed high-resolution images from the retina.

Higher-level brain functions must be enabled to identify different objects, i.e., dangerous ones such as a shark, and properly respond to them.

Until steps 2 through 4 are completed, a high-resolution image would likely prove disadvantageous, since most of the light would be focused on fewer photoreceptors. In insolation, the alterations of perfecting the lens and those involved in step 1 would hinder the analysis of large-scale changes to the field of view, such as identifying the shadow of a predator. Natural selection would thus remove most of the initial mutations, and evolution of the eye would come to a halt.

The difference between blurry and high-resolution vision is well illustrated by the box jellyfish. It has several eyes around its body. Two have lenses, which can produce highly focused images. However, the focal point is past the retina, so the retinal images are blurry. An ability to focus more clearly than is actually useful seems to be an example of gratuitous design. Zoologist Dan Nilsson comments:

However, for the box jellyfish a high-resolution image would be disadvantageous, since its neurology is engineered to respond to such bulky features as the edge of a mangrove. Is this blurry vision the result of the jellyfish not having yet evolved high-resolution vision? No: its neural organization is radically different from that needed for the latter. As Nilsson comments, "Another, more likely, interpretation is that the eyes are 'purposely' under-focused."

"Purposeful"? Yes, it would seem so. The example illustrates that low-resolution vision is not at an inferior point on the same fitness peak as high-resolution vision. Instead, both systems reside near the peaks of separate mountains. For any species, upgrading to high-resolution vision requires massive reengineering in a single step. Such radical innovation, coordinated to achieve a distant goal, is only possible with intelligent design.

Photo: European bison, by Michael Gbler [CC BY 3.0], via Wikimedia Commons.

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Eye Evolution: A Closer Look - Discovery Institute

Kennett Coders to compete in NH State Robotics Championships on Saturday – Conway Daily Sun

By Ron Sandstrom Special to The Conway Daily Sun

Team 5106c, conisting of Chani Mores and Kate Keefe, are one of five Kennett robotics squads. (COURTESY PHOTO)CONWAY The Kennett High Coders are on a roll, with all five Coder robotics teams qualifying for the New England Championships.

Qualifying teams are: Team 5106A sophomore Lucas Glasshart and freshman David Sheehan; Team 5106B juniors Richard Chavez, Tyler James and Carter Stevens; Team 5106C freshmen Chani Mores and Kate Keefe; Team 5106E juniors Matt Ballou, Justin Barrett and Taylor Bouchard; and Team 5106Z seniors Clyne Sullivan and Andrew Belle-Isle.

Kennett has qualified for the VEX World Championships in four out of the last five years. They hope to make it five. This week, the Coders will be competing Saturday at Manchester Community College in the 2017 NH/VT VEX Robotics State Championships.

This year's competition is called Star Struck, and teams compete by guiding their robots to hurl 12-inch stars and 14-inch cubes over a fence into the scoring zone of their opponents. At the same time, opponent alliance teams return the favor by hurling the stars and cubes back over the fence.

A big part of this year's design challenge is to create a robot that can effectively lift these scoring objects and deliver them faster than the opponent robots can deliver them back.

All robots must start the event and measure into an 18-inch-by-18-inch box. After starting, the robots can expand to a larger size, something all the competitive robots do. All robots are limited to a fixed set of motors and equipment, making the design process a critical component of success.

Software makes the robots come alive. At Kennett, the robotics team focuses on making the software smarter and more efficient than any other team. An example of this is the auto-shoot functionality used by multiple Kennett teams. For instance, the auto-shoot code will hunt a scoring object, pick it up and spin toward the fence, and then execute a toss and flick while releasing the scoring object exactly at the right time.

With a goal of returning to the World Championships for the fifth consecutive year, the team must win the state championships or win the design or excellence award at the event. Another way to reach the worlds is to be one of the top 50 teams in the world in skills ranking.

As of now, Coders Team 5106C (Mores and Keefe) is ranked 64th in the world in skills, with two weeks to improve that score. Other Kennett teams are ranked 487th, 1,627th and 3,053th in world rankings.

Over the course of the season, Kennett teams have been in the finals of each of the five events in which they have competed.

Last weekend, Mores and Keefe won the final event before the state championships and moved into third in the state in total skills points. Over the season, they won two judges awards, an excellence award, a design award and two event championships.

Not to mention, with 52 teams voting at the Pembroke competition, the team won the inspire award the team most inspirational to the other teams. Impressive for a freshman team to pull off. The two girls were part of the middle school robotics club last year.

Most Kennett teams have been working on their robots several afternoons a week for the past two months. 5106E started work last spring.

Going into the New Hampshire Wrap-Up Tournament, two Kennett teams had yet to qualify. With the pressure on, both teams arrived ready to compete. Team 5106B (Chavez, James and Stevens) opened their tool kits and began immediate surgery on their robot, working to make last-minute improvements.

Both teams' updates resulted in improved performance in the matches and the robot skills field. It was great to see 5106A and 5106B qualify for the state championships. 5106A also was the top qualifier from the elimination rounds while 5106B who focused on skills made a remarkable jump to score enough points to move to eighth in the state.

At end of the qualifying rounds, all the Kennett Teams at the match were competing in the championship rounds. With five teams in the state championships, Kennett's chances are improved.

Coaches for the 2016-2017 season are Daniel Richardi and Joe Riddensdale, and mentors are Chris Ballou, Laura Glasshart and Ron Sandstrom.

High school robotics programs rely on mentors, volunteers and sponsors such as Big Dave's Bagels, Dunkin' Donuts, Brandli's Pizza, Flatbread Pizza, Kennett High School, the Mt Washington Valley Economic Council, the Masons, Kiwanis Club, Rotary Club, Whitehorse Press, RLSAND Inc and individual contributions.

Donations to support Kennett High School robotics club would be much appreciated. They can be sent to: MWVFirst, c/o MWV Economic Council (Diane Ryan), 53 Technology Lane, Suite 100, Conway, NH 03818. Checks should be made payable to MWVFirst.

Ron Sandstrom of Madison is one of three mentors for the Kennett Coders robotics teams.

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Kennett Coders to compete in NH State Robotics Championships on Saturday - Conway Daily Sun