This Powerful Gaming Executive Isn’t Worried If Virtual Reality Fails – Fortune

Dell runs four HTC Vives for its Lunar Golf: The Future of Golf traveling PGA experience.Dell

A CEO at one the biggest video game companies in the world is comfortable with virtual reality failing.

Gabe Newell, the CEO of video game developer Valve, said in an interview with gaming news site Polygon this week that while hes optimistic about the immersive technology, hes pretty comfortable with the idea that it will turn out to be a complete failure.

Newells comments are noteworthy considering Valve is the software partner of Taiwanese smartphone maker HTC and its Vive virtual reality headset . Although Valve, a private company, derives the bulk of its revenue from its Steam video game distribution service, the company is heavily investing in VR. The company counts around 1,300 VR apps on its Steam service, according to Polygon.

The general consensus from several analysts and VR research firms that track sales of headsets like the Vive and Facebooks ( fb ) Oculus Rift is that VR is still in its infant stage. Despite a wave of hype surrounding VR prior to the high-profile debuts of the Vive and Rift headsets in 2016, not nearly as many people have bought the high-priced headsets as some firms originally projected.

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Bulky and unfashionable headsets that require beefy computers to operate are just a few of the reasons why mainstream consumers havent gravitated to the technology, although some hardcore gamers and enthusiasts still find them compelling. The Polygon report states that Valve has only made $250,000 per each of the top 30 VR apps on its Steam service, which is well below the millions of dollars a traditional blockbuster game can produce for the company.

"If you don't try things that don't fail you probably aren't trying to do anything very interesting, Newell said. So we hope that we'll find stuff that gamers will say is awesome and is a huge leap forward."

Newell seemed to have called out Facebook during the interview on the social networks original projections on sales of VR headsets. Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg said in 2014 that the company would have to sell 50 million to 100 million VR headsets before he considers the tech to have a meaningful impact as a new way of computing.

"Some people have got attention by going out and saying there'll be millions of [VR unit sales] and we're like, wow, I don't think so, Newell said. I can't point to a single piece of content that would cause millions of people to justify changing their home computing.

For Newell, one of the biggest obstacles facing VR are current technical limitations that currently produce lower-quality visuals compared to bleeding-edge conventional video games. Although VR games are certainly more immersive than 2-D games in that people can battle aliens in 3D digital environments, the resolutions in VR games are significantly lower than in conventional gamesresulting in duller and less colorful visuals.

Even if the price of headsets fall from their current $700-$800 price for headsets like the Rift and Vive, the lack of available and engaging content shows that theres still not a really incredibly compelling reason for people to spend 20 hours a day in VR, Newell said.

Still, Newell is excited about VRonce the technology improves and developers create more compelling games and apps. He estimates that by 2018 or 2019, VR games could see incredibly high resolutions.

The state of virtual reality is akin to the rise of PCs in the early 1980s, when few people beyond technologists thought computers could be useful for multiple tasks like spreadsheets and other business applications, he said.

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And just because mainstream consumers dont yet see the appeal of VR, developers seem to be loving it, despite not making much money on sales of their apps, Newell said. These developers will be crucial for creating the games and apps that could one day be that breakout hit with consumers the VR industry needs.

There's nobody who works in VR saying, 'Oh, I'm bored with this,' said Newell. "Everybody comes back.

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This Powerful Gaming Executive Isn't Worried If Virtual Reality Fails - Fortune

Revised orca shows, new virtual-reality swim with whales and new … – Los Angeles Times

SeaWorld San Diego will debut a new less theatrical, more natural killer whale show this summer that may change orca shows at the marine theme park for decades to come.

Besides the Orca Encounter show,additions coming to SeaWorld this summer includea themed land with six attractions and a light show.

Controversy has surroundedSeaWorlds Shamu show since a whale named Tilikumkilled trainer Dawn Brancheau during a 2010 show in Florida.Blackfish,a 2013 documentary, cited the treatment of Tilikum and other captive whales. (The 36-year-old killer whale died ofbacterial pneumonia in January at SeaWorld Orlando in Florida.)

After demands by animal rights groups and the California Coastal Commission,Seaworld halted its orca breeding program and ended theatrical killer whale shows at all U.S. locations.

Orca Encounter will takea live documentary approach that emphasizes natural behaviors related to hunting, social interaction and communication, said Marilyn Hannes, president of SeaWorld San Diego.

You wont see the whales mimicking human behaviors, kissing each other or shaking their head yes and no, Hannes said in a phone interview. If you dont see a front flip in the wild, then you wont see it in Orca Encounter.

The stage in San Diegos 5,500-seat Shamu stadium will be transformed with a Pacific Northwest theme featuring natural rock work, faux trees and man-made waterfalls surrounding a 138-foot-wide high-definition infinity screen.

Trainers will use hand signals and whistles to ask the whales to perform behaviors during the narrated 22-minute show.

They will still be breaching because whales breach in the wild, Hannes said. Whales hunt in the wild, and they do movements where they flap their tail to stun their prey or they splash them or they come out of the water to grab a seal from the beach.

People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals, or PETA, describes the latest changes to the orca show as smoke and mirrors. The organizationcalls for SeaWorld to retire the killer whales to seaside sanctuaries.

SeaWorld's above-water decorations are marketing ploys designed to impress visitors, but they do nothing for orcas, Tracy Reiman,PETA executive vice president, said in an email. A less theatrical circus is still one in which animals will be forced to perform for a reward of dead fish.

The San Diego park has 11 killer whales; 52-year-old Corky is the oldest, and 2-year-old Amaya the youngest. After more than 50 years of orca shows, the stadium shows will continue to evolveover the next half century,Hannes said.

Were going to have whales for decades to come, Hannes said. Society has changed and we have changed with it.

Theatrical orca shows at SeaWorld parks in Orlando and San Antonio are expected to end in 2019.

But the whale shows arent the only things changing.

Submarine Quest, the marquee ride in the new Ocean Explorers land coming to theSan Diego park, will take visitors on an interactive exploratory mission through various ocean depths while traveling through the new themed land.

Seaworld officials have been quick to point out that Submarine Quest is not a shoot-em-up dark ride. Using digital touchscreens mounted in the ride vehicles, riders will play games and score points as they spot ocean creatures during the indoor and outdoor journey.

Other attractions in the new land will include the Tentacle Twirl wave swing, a kiddie drop tower, a spinning flat ride and a motorized swing set. Three aquariums will feature moray eels, Japanese spider crabs and giant Pacific octopus.

An up-charge virtual-reality experience in the new land will allow visitors to virtually swim with orcas and come nose to nose with killer whales. The five-minute Orca One-on-One short film uses real footage of SeaWorld killer whales without digital enhancements.

Youre up so close you can see their eyes, Brian Morrow, SeaWorld creative director, said in a phone interview.

If successful, the orca VR experience is expected to expand to SeaWorld parks in Orlando and San Antonio.

The new Electric Ocean nighttime spectacular will transform the San Diego park into a canvas painted with light as part of a kiss goodnight show.

Lasers and lights will create an underwater experience similar to the Northern Lights, with bioluminescent animals floating through the sky. While still in development, the plan is to use projection mapping technology on the Journey to Atlantis water coaster buildings to tell the story of the rise and fall of Atlantis.

Electric Ocean is a reinvention of what a nighttime experience in a theme park can be, Morrow said.

As part of the nighttime experience, the Cirque de la Mer acrobatic show on Mission Bay will transform nightly throughout the summer into Cirque Electrique.

In 2018, SeaWorld San Diego will add the Electric Eel triple-launch roller coaster to the new Ocean Explorers themed land.

Riders will pass through a queue with an aquarium filled with moray eels. The ride starts with a forward-backward-forward launch that whips through vertical twists and loops as well as a towering 154-foot-tall barrel roll that ranks as one of the worlds tallest inversions.

Identical versions of the Premier Rides SkyRocket II coaster can be found at Busch Gardens Williamsburg (Tempesto) and Six Flags Discovery Kingdom (Superman Ultimate Flight).

The top 60 feet of the coaster track will be painted sky blue to minimize the visual footprint of the ride. SeaWorld expects to seek approval to install the ride later this year from the California Coastal Commission.

Were still going to be focused on inspiring our guests to help save the planet that we all share with these animals, Morrow said. The world needs places like this, now and even more so in the future. And were poised to be that place for the world.

SeaWorld remains focused on inspiring visitors to make a difference in the world, Morrow said.

The core essence of the mission will never change: to inspire people to come into our park and leave a better person and make the planet a better place, Morrow said.

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Revised orca shows, new virtual-reality swim with whales and new ... - Los Angeles Times

Gamers get a taste of virtual reality with new Missoula arcade – KTVH

MISSOULA Two Missoula entrepreneurs are reinventing the arcade.

Weve come a long way since PAC-MAN and Donkey Kong- thanks to virtual reality, players can actually enter new worlds. Now the owners of Bifrost VR in Missoula are helpinggamers step into another dimension.

Have you ever looked at the stars and wondered what it would be like to fly through space? Or what it would be like to defend a village from an onslaught of orcs? Or what it would be like to fight off hordes of zombies?

Thanks to Landon Mill and James Mcneilan, you can stop wondering. They recently opened the arcade of the future in Missoula. They call it Bifrost.

The Norse gods used the Bifrost to transport dimensions, so virtual realitys kind of taking you to another dimension, explained Mill.

So, how does virtual reality stack up to boring old reality?

It was nuts! said Seth Swanson after finishing his very first VR game. You get trapped in a different world; its weird, you dont realize youre in a video game. I cant really explain it, youve just got to try it!

Everyones hesitant at first because seems like youre just paying to play video games you would at your house, but its a whole lot different than that. Its a whole new experience, said Swansons friend Taylor Featherman.

Featherman is right. These arent just video games, and like Swanson said, it really is something that is a musttry to understand. Unlike a traditional video game where players holding a controller and staring at a TV screen, in virtual reality, players areinside the world itself. The technology isnt just for kids; people of all ages want to explore the virtual worlds.

Weve had 75-year-olds play and bring in their friends, weve had 10-year-olds play for their birthday parties, said Mill.

Bifrost VR was close to not becoming anarcade; Mill and Mcneilan originally planned on selling VR headsets.

And we had one for demos, and people just kept wanting to demo, so we just grew from that, explained Mill with a laugh. We added another one and then co-op started coming out so we added a third player. We plan on eventually having twelve headsets.

The co-owners plan to keep up with evolving technology and have plenty of room to expand their business.

So when wireless comes out, well have wireless. Well get motion tracking platforms eventually. Were going to keep pushing it, Mill added.

Bifrost VR does accept walk-ins but Mill and Mcneilan recommend calling ahead of time. The co-owners say that will cut down wait times and will save a few dollars.

MTN Reporter: Eric Clements

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Gamers get a taste of virtual reality with new Missoula arcade - KTVH

Doctors use virtual reality to prepare children for scans – BBC News


BBC News
Doctors use virtual reality to prepare children for scans
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Doctors have started using virtual reality to help children overcome their fear of MRI scanners in hospitals. Although not dangerous, the scanners are very loud and some people don't like being in very small spaces. Doctors at King's College Hospital ...
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Doctors use virtual reality to prepare children for scans - BBC News

Virtual reality industry ‘in need of a jump-start,’ Imax CEO says at … – Los Angeles Times

Richard Gelfond, chief executive of big-screen company Imax Corp.,unveiled his new virtual reality center Tuesday with a bullish plan to turn the nascent VR industry into a mainstream art form just like movies and video games.

It wont be easy. The VR business, Gelfond said, remains stuck in its early stages for now and badlyneeds a jump-start.

Though Hollywood and Silicon Valley have been touting virtual reality as the next big thing for several years, there are huge hurdles to its adoption in the entertainment industry. A major one is that the headsets and computing equipment the games require can cost thousands of dollars. Another problem: There arentenough compelling games to make VR worth the price.

Whether its the lack of content orconsumer access to headsets, the industry has been in a holding pattern, slow to go mainstream, Gelfond told reportersat Imaxs VR Experience Centre in Los Angeles.Its a complex ecosystem thats in need of a jump-start, and were here to start to provide the spark.

Gelfond and Imax are hoping to help fix those problems by makingbig bets on VR. The companyplans to open six pilot centers this year, including the Los Angeles location, which opened to the public last month.

The idea is to give people a place to play around with virtual reality games without having to pay that massive upfront cost of a full-on at-home setup.Customers pay $7 to $10 for a virtual reality experience, including games based on movies such as Lionsgates John Wick and TriStars The Walk, which allows daring customers to step on the virtual tightrope between the Twin Towers just like Joseph Gordon-Levitt in the Robert Zemeckis film.

While VR may not be entirely ready for prime time at this moment, were excited about the opportunity, Gelfond said.Someone needs to shake things up.

Imax has made deals to build pilot centers in multiplexeswith AMC Theatres and Regal Entertainment Group to test whether such attractions will help bring young people back to movie theaters. Each center costs Imax $250,000 to $400,000 to create, not counting real estate spending, Gelfond said. Imax has additional centers planned for Britain and China and is eyeing projects in Japan, the Middle East and Western Europe.

Imax has also made moves to fix the industrys content shortage. The company recently started afund with companies including Acer and CAA to finance new games for virtual reality headsets, totaling $50 million. In addition, Imax is working with Google to develop a newcinema-quality virtual reality camera.Hollywood has shown a lot of interest in virtual reality, but not for full-length movies made for headsets. Virtual reality experiences are meant to last up to 15minutes at the Imax center.

The company on Tuesday announced deals with David Ellisons production company Skydance Media and game publishing giant Ubisoft to provide content to the new centers. Skydances upcoming games include ascience-fiction first-person shooter called Archangel and Life VR, an experience tied to the companys upcoming space station thriller Life.Similar to the movie industry, Imax will share ticketing revenue with the gaming studios.

While the games will be available for at-home headsets, Ellison said locations such as the Imax centers are necessary to get the industry off the ground, much like arcadeswere in the early days of the video gaming industry.

The place most people are going to experience VR for the first time is going to be in places like Imax, Ellison told The Times.We very much want to be a first-mover and we hope to establish a brand with what were doing here.

The flagshipImax VR Centre, located across the street from the Grove shopping center, opened with a soft launchJan. 6. Gelfond said it has so far attracted 5,000 customers, and sales have steadily grown. But, he admits, the companys involvement with VR is still in very experimental stages.

These pilots are really going to be the testing ground, Gelfond told The Times.I look at this as a very flexible platform that is intended to be Imaxs flag in the ground and will evolve as we go along.

ryan.faughnder@latimes.com

@rfaughnder

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Virtual reality industry 'in need of a jump-start,' Imax CEO says at ... - Los Angeles Times

Major South African coal extension project on cards South32 – Creamer Media’s Mining Weekly

JOHANNESBURG (miningweekly.com) A decision will be taken in the June quarter on go-ahead for the Klipspruit Life Extension coal project in Mpumalanga, which is said to have robust economics.

The original BHP Billiton capital expenditure (capex) of more than $500-million for the two-year development has been more than halved under South32 to under $250-million, South32 CEO Graham Kerr told Creamer Medias Mining Weekly Online during a media conference call.

While the Klipspruit Life Extension coal project is export orientated and earmarked to make use of existing rail access, its location in relation to Eskoms new coal-fired Kusile power station, which is under construction, could see it playing a role in domestic supply.

All the key environmental approvals have been obtained and the go-ahead decision will be made at the end of South32s current financial year on June 30.

Certainly, as Ive been watching the project go through, its had very robust economics, said Kerr.

During the last 18 months of project study, the South32 team under president and COO Africa Mike Fraser has maximised optionalities, given the long-term uncertainty in the arbitrage between domestic and export.

What weve been able to introduce into this project is a lot of flexibility, which has enabled us to reduce capital but also to give us optionality should the market strengthen out of our current prediction range. There is certainly potential for a long life out of this resource Fraser told Mining Weekly Online.

Project capital expenditure (capex) of $30-million is expected in this financial year to June 30, to fund study costs and the acquisition of land in preparation for the Klipspruit Life Extension project.

After a turnaround from loss to profit in the half-year to December 31, cash-rich South32 has resolved to pay an interim dividend of $0.036 a share for the half-year ended December 31, which means a dishing out of $192-million to shareholders from the pile of cash it generated in the period, compared with the corresponding period's loss, which was impacted by the recognition of impairment charges totalling $1.7-billion.

The company came away with 197%-higher free cash of $626-million to boost its net cash position to $859-million on operational optimisation and leverage.

The rise in profit came as revenue climbed 8% to $3.2-billion.

Compared with the first half of 2016, controllable costs were cut by $239-million and capex by $116-million.

Capex guidance for this financial year remains unchanged at $450-million.

Exploration expenditure of $16-million is expected within the companys existing footprint, with exploration already started on high-grade manganese within the southern areas of Groote Eylandt, in Australia.

Continued pursuit of additional greenfield exploration opportunities could lead to an increase in expenditure.

The corporate tax rates applicable to the group include Australia at 30%, South Africa at 28%, Colombia at 40% and Brazil at 34%.

Better prices for metallurgical coal, energy coal, manganese ore and manganese alloy were the main contributors to increasing revenue by $661-million.

Higher average realised silver, lead and zinc prices increased sales revenue and chipped in an additional $93-million, but lower average realised prices for alumina cut revenue by $39-million.

Price-linked costs fell by $47-million on lower raw material prices at the alumina and aluminium operations and a reduction in treatment and refining charges for Cannington silver concentrates.

An increase in controllable costs is anticipated in the six months to June 30 as working capital unwinds.

The Sydney-, Johannesburg- and London-listed BHP Billiton spinoffs swing to profit included its restarting of 22 pots at Aluminium South Africa, which were taken offline in September 2015, as well as the opportunistic increase of manganese ore production in the wake of manganeses price surge.

ALUMINIUM

With 22 pots that were suspended in September 2015 back on stream, South32s Hillside aluminium smelter is back at full tilt.

Saleable production from Hillside, which sources power from State utility Eskom under long-term contracts, increased by 1% to 356 000 t in the six months to December 31, on fewer load-shedding events.

We continue to identify opportunities for further energy efficiency but we are very happy at the current level of efficiency, said Fraser.

Operating unit costs fell by 8% to $1 380/t on lower raw material prices and a weaker South African rand offsetting higher aluminium price-linked power costs.

Some 72 pots are scheduled to be relined this year.

The price of electricity supplied to potlines 1 and 2 is linked to the London Metal Exchange (LME) aluminium price and the rand/dollar exchange rate. The price of electricity supplied to potline 3 is rand based and linked to South African and US producer price indices.

Saleable production from Mozal Aluminium, in Mozambique, increased by 2% to 136 000 t in the six months to December 31, with an 11% increase in sales reflecting the timing of shipments between periods.

Operating unit costs decreased by 12% to $1 448/t in the first half of the 2017 financial year, reflecting stronger sales and lower raw materials prices.

A total of 39 Mozal pots were relined in the period at $193 000 a pot, compared with 69 pots at $212 000 a pot in the corresponding period of the previous financial year.

A total of 106 pots are now scheduled to be relined in this financial year.

Mozal Aluminium uses hydroelectric power generated by Hidroelctrica de Cahora Bassa, which delivers power into the South African grid to Eskom, with Mozal sourcing the power through the Mozambique transmission company, Motraco.

We get some protection in terms of the cost of the Hillside business when the LME price goes down and foreign exchange doesnt work in our favour. So, it provides a bit of a natural hedge, whereas we dont get that same benefit at Mozal. But likewise, as the exchange goes the other way and we actually see aluminium prices increase, we get more out of Mozal than we do out of Hillside, Kerr said in response to Mining Weekly Online.

MANGANESE

The block development project at the Wessels underground manganese mine in South Africas Northern Cape will reduce cycle times by allowing mining activity to relocate closer to critical infrastructure. Commissioning is expected in the March 2017 quarter.

Manganese alloy saleable production fell 20% to 37 000 t on furnace instability at Metalloys in South Africas Gauteng province, where only one of the four manganese furnaces is operating, compared with all four of the manganese furnaces at Temco, in Australia, being expected to return to full capacity once scheduled maintenance is completed in the March quarter.

Saleable ore production from South32s 44.4%-owned South Africa manganese mines increased by 23% to 934 000 wet metric tons (wmt) with market conditions supporting a drawdown of Wessels concentrate stockpiles and the use of higher cost trucking to access export opportunities.

Wessels concentrate accounted for 15% of external sales in the six months to December 31, compared with 4% in the prior corresponding period.

Manganese ore production from South Africa will remain configured for an optimised rate of 2.9-million wmt a year, with opportunistic action when market fundamentals are supportive.

Tragically, the company lost an employee in the half-year, which has prompted it to invest time, energy and leadership in make a lasting change to its safety performance.

The fatality at Metalloys has hit very hard and new practice to avoid a recurrence has been shared across the group.

Permanent processes have been embarked upon following the internal investigation, supplemented by external engagements.

COAL

At South Africa Energy Coal, coal production guidance is 30.9-million tonnes, 17-million tonnes of it for the domestic market and 13.9-million tonnes for export.

The $103-million impact in the period of the lower production at South Africa Energy Coal followed the suspension of the North plant at the Wolvekrans Middelburg Complex, scheduled maintenance and the repositioning of draglines.

Saleable production from the 92%-owned South Africa Energy Coal decreased by 9% to 14.8-million tonnes in the six months to December 31, reflecting the prior suspension of the North plant at the Wolvekrans Middelburg Complex, and export sales were also impacted by Transnet's yearly rail maintenance cycle.

Future production will benefit from additional capital investment at the Wolvekrans Middelburg Complex that will open up new mining areas.

In Australia, steps to acquire Metropolitan Colliery, to realise synergies with Illawarra Metallurgical Coal in Australia, are well advanced and the access agreement for Worsley Alumina in the West Marradong mining area is being completed.

In South America, unlocking more value at Cerro Matosos La Esmeralda nickel prospect is envisaged. In Canada, exploration for copper, nickel and platinum group element mineralisation at Huckleberry is being started.

Underlying earnings before taxes, depreciation and amortisation increased by $522-million to $1.1-billion in the six months to December 31, as higher prices for most of its commodities offset lower volumes, giving rise to an increase in sales revenue of $240-million and a rise in operating margin from 20% to 37%.

Our strong balance sheet and simple capital management framework is designed to reward shareholders as financial performance improves.

We have declared our first interim dividend and will continue to manage our financial position to ensure we retain the right balance of flexibility and efficiency, Kerr told journalists.

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Major South African coal extension project on cards South32 - Creamer Media's Mining Weekly

Why Do People Want to Live So Long, Anyway? – TIME

Dr. Ezekiel Emanuel is famous for a lot of reasons. He's an acclaimed bioethicist and oncologist who advised President Obama on health care and has two very well known brothers, but another thing people always seem to remember about him is that article he wrote in 2014: "Why I Hope to Die at 75."

More than 1,000 people have sent him letters and emails--some saying he's insane and ungrateful, others thanking him for voicing the same thoughts for which they'd been ridiculed. One 75-year-old man who died in upstate New York requested that his mourners, instead of making a donation, sit down and read the piece.

Emanuel's embrace of an early end--one that's only a few years shy of the U.S. life expectancy of 78.8--is the exact opposite of how most people in America feel about dying. In a survey from the Pew Research Center, nearly 70% of American adults said they wanted to live to be up to 100 years old. But why?

"The quest to live forever, or to live for great expanses of time, has always been part of the human spirit," says Paul Root Wolpe, director of the Emory Center for Ethics. People now seem to have particular reason to be optimistic: in the past century, science and medicine have extended life expectancy, and longevity researchers (not to mention Silicon Valley types) are pushing for a life that lasts at least a couple decades more.

Of course, people want to juice their life spans for reasons beyond their pioneering spirits. "The thing that is most difficult and inscrutable to us as mortal beings is the fact of our own death," Wolpe says. "We don't understand it, we don't get it, and as meaning-laden beings, we can't fathom what it means to not exist." In other words, thinking about the infinite desert of death can trigger the worst kind of FOMO.

At the same time, the odds of living a long life that's also a good, healthy one are slim. Almost all people complete their most meaningful years before age 75, Emanuel writes in his essay, so living past that age is rarely as good as it may sound. Physical function crumbles for about half of Americans at around age 80, and aging makes all of us mentally slower and less creative. We may die later, but we don't age slower.

Older folks understand this better than younger people. "What you see when you actually look at people at the end of life, to a large degree, is a sense of a life well lived and a time for that life to transition itself," says Wolpe. "Younger people have a harder time with that, but older people don't."

When people are asked how long they hope to live, however, attitude seems to make a greater difference than how old they are. A study of young and middle-aged people ages 18 to 64 found that 1 in 6 preferred to die before age 80. Those who did tended to hold more negative beliefs about what old age would be like. Still, the vast majority of people surveyed wanted to live a good long life and had sunnier expectations for their own old age.

That's why Emanuel isn't trying to persuade many people to drop the quest for a longer life: evidence, he knows, is no match for the human ego. "One of the things I don't understand is why the Silicon Valley types want to live forever," Emanuel says. "Obviously they believe the world can't possibly survive without their existence, and so they think their immortality is so critical to the survival of the world."

There is, however, an ethical way to chase life extension in a way that benefits everyone. "The proportion of the population that dies before 75, that's the number we ought to be looking at and tracking," Emanuel says. "We want to get everyone to 75."

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Why Do People Want to Live So Long, Anyway? - TIME

How Silicon Valley Is Trying to Hack Its Way Into a Longer Life – TIME

Isabella Connelley and Bethan Mooney for TIMEIsabella Connelley and Bethan Mooney for TIME

The titans of the tech industry are known for their confidence that they can solve any problem--even, as it turns out, the one that's defeated every other attempt so far. That's why the most far-out strategies to cheat death are being tested in America's playground for the young, deep-pocketed and brilliant: Silicon Valley.

Larry Ellison, the co-founder of Oracle, has given more than $330 million to research about aging and age-related diseases. Alphabet CEO and co-founder Larry Page launched Calico, a research company that targets ways to improve the human lifespan. Peter Thiel, co-founder of PayPal , has also invested millions in the cause, including over $7 million to the Methuselah Foundation, a nonprofit focused on life-extension therapies.

Rather than wait years for treatments to be approved by federal officials, many of them are testing ways to modify human biology that fall somewhere on the spectrum between science and entrepreneurialism. It's called biohacking, and it's one of the biggest things happening in the Bay Area.

"My goal is to live beyond 180 years," says Dave Asprey, CEO of the supplement company Bulletproof, most famous for its popularization of coffee with organic butter mixed in. "I am doing every single thing I can to make it happen for myself."

For some, that means daily pill regimens and fasting once a week. For others, it means having the blood of a young person pumped into their veins. "I see biohacking as a populist movement within health care," says Geoffrey Woo, the CEO of a company called Nootrobox that sells supplements that promise to enhance brain function.

Many scientists are skeptical. Here's what's known--and what isn't--about the latest front of humanity's fight against the inevitable.

THE HACK: It may sound vampiresque, but 50 people in the U.S. have paid $8,000 for a transfusion of plasma from someone between the ages of 16 to 25. The study is run by Ambrosia, a company based in Monterey, Calif.

THE HYPE: The transfusions are based on the idea that two-liter injections of blood from the young may confer longevity benefits. Now, in the first known human clinical trial of its kind, Ambrosia is enlisting people willing to pay the hefty price to give it a shot.

Ambrosia's founder, Jesse Karmazin, who has a medical degree but is not a licensed physician, says that after the transfusions, his team looks for changes in the recipient's blood, including markers of inflammation, cholesterol and neuron growth. "When we are young, we produce a lot of factors that are important for cellular health," he says. "As we get older, we don't produce enough of these factors. Young blood gives your body a break to repair and regenerate itself."

THE DEBATE: Scientists are roundly critical of this study, in large part because of the way it has been designed: there's no control group, it's costly to participate in, and the people enrolled don't share key characteristics that make them appropriate candidates to be looked at side by side.

"What Ambrosia is doing is not useful and could be harmful," says Irina Conboy, an associate professor of bioengineering at the University of California, Berkeley, who is also studying blood as a potential target for aging.

The concept stems from mouse research by Conboy and others. In 2005, she and her research partner and husband Michael Conboy showed that when older mice were surgically sutured to younger mice, their tissues got healthier. The takeaway was not that young blood is a cure-all, but some entrepreneurs ran with the idea. "The story has switched into a highly exaggerated search of young blood as a silver bullet to combat aging," Irina says.

In a recent follow-up study, the Conboys developed a way to exchange the blood of young and old mice without surgically joining them. They found that old mice had some improvements but that young mice experienced rapid declines.

"The big result is that a single exchange hurts the young partner more than it helps the old partner," says Michael. Ambrosia says plasma transfusions are safe and, if proven effective, should be made available.

THE BOTTOM LINE: Blood-based therapies for longevity could still be in our future, but the science isn't there yet. "Donor blood can save lives, but using it to rejuvenate oneself is counterproductive," says Irina.

THE HACK: If you could learn your risks for the most-feared diseases years before you'd actually get sick, would you? For the curious (and the brave), there's Health Nucleus, an eight-hour, $25,000 head-to-toe, inside-and-out physical exam that includes whole-genome sequencing, high-tech scanning and early diagnostics. The goal is to paint a granular picture of an individual's health and disease risk, which could then inform lifestyle and medical choices that keep you healthier, longer.

THE HYPE: Health Nucleus bills the elite program as "a genomic-powered clinical research project that has the potential to transform health care." It was founded in 2015 by J. Craig Venter, the scientist widely credited with being one of the first to sequence the human genome, and it doesn't come cheap. The Health Nucleus price tag is for a single session, during which patients get a sequencing of their genome and microbiome, a full-body MRI and an array of blood tests. When the results come in, doctors translate the findings into measurements that patients can understand--and advice they can act upon.

The Health Nucleus team believes this deluge of information can help doctors flag problems that could lead to premature death for their patients down the line. "Right now medicine is a reactionary system where if you get pain or other symptoms, then you go see your doctor and they see if they can fix it," says Venter. "It's totally different from trying to predict your risk or identifying problems early, before they cause fatal disease. If you have the right knowledge, you can save your life."

THE DEBATE: Genome sequencing can indeed pinpoint genetic risk for some cancers and other diseases. And microbiome profiles--which look at the makeup of bacteria in the gut--can provide clues about the presence of some chronic diseases. Changes in cholesterol and blood sugar can also signal illness, though that kind of blood work is routinely tested by primary-care physicians.

About 400 people ages 30 to 95 have had the physical so far, and the test has identified significant medical problems in 40% of them, according to Venter, who says they've found cancer, aneurysms and heart disease in several people without symptoms.

Still, it raises questions among its skeptics about whether or not patients can actually use most (or any) of the data they receive. It also highlights some doctors' concerns about the negative consequences of overscreening, where there is always a risk for false positive results. "When healthy people undergo scanning, it can backfire," says Dr. Eric Topol, director of the Scripps Translational Science Institute, who has studied data-driven medicine. "It can find abnormalities and lead to more tests and procedures, many of them unnecessary. It can cause harm, not to mention anxiety and expense."

This isn't news to Venter. "The criticism people throw out is 'How dare you screen healthy people?'" he says. "My response is, 'How do you know they're healthy?' We are finding pretty good evidence that many are not."

Topol says a rigorous study of the program by independent researchers could help settle the score. "If validated for benefit in this way," Topol says, "my outlook would be more positive."

THE BOTTOM LINE: Venter acknowledges that while costs may come down, the battery of tests is so far too expensive to be realistic for most. Whether it adds years to a person's life is also an open question. For now, looking into the crystal ball requires a whole lot of money--and a comfort with uncertainty.

THE HACK: Biohackers in Silicon Valley and beyond have long experimented with the idea that a fistful of supplements, taken in just the right combination, may be the antidote to aging. Now, scientists and businesspeople are experimenting with the idea that just one or two pills, taken daily, may also get the job done.

THE HYPE: Many companies sell supplements with suspected longevity benefits, but one of the more talked-about new businesses is Elysium Health, co-founded by entrepreneurs and an MIT antiaging researcher named Leonard Guarente. Elysium has created a daily supplement, called Basis, that is "designed to support long-term well-being at the cellular level." The pill isn't marketed as a cure for aging, but Elysium Health cites evidence that the ingredients in the pill increase a compound called NAD+ that the company says is "essential to hundreds of biological processes that sustain human life." Basis costs $50 for a monthly supply, and the company, which doesn't release official sales numbers, says it has tens of thousands of customers so far.

THE DEBATE: Basis contains two main ingredients: nicotinamide riboside (NR) and pterostilbene, both of which have been shown in animal studies to fight aging at the cellular level. NR creates NAD+, which is believed to spur cell rejuvenation but which declines naturally in animals as they age. In a trial of 120 healthy people from ages 60 to 80, Guarente found that people taking Basis increased their NAD+ levels by 40%. "We are trying to be rigorously based on science," he says.

Studies have shown that supplementing with the compound extends life in mice, but whether it increases human longevity is unknown. To find out if it does--and to request FDA approval for the pill's clearance as a drug--long, rigorous clinical trials would need to be done. Instead, Elysium Health has released Basis as a supplement. That prevents the company from making specific medical claims about the pills--something that's prohibited by law in the marketing of supplements.

"I think the pathway Guarente is targeting is interesting"--meaning the idea that increasing NAD+ may also slow aging--"but clinical evidence is crucial," says Dr. Nir Barzilai, a researcher at Albert Einstein College of Medicine, who also studies drugs for aging.

Other scientists question the supplement approach altogether. "There is no evidence whatsoever that [Basis] produces health benefits in humans," says Dr. Jeffrey Flier, former dean of Harvard Medical School. "Many molecules that have some apparent benefits in mice or other organisms have no benefit when studied in humans."

The company has seven Nobel Prize--winning scientists on its advisory board, a fact that has also raised some eyebrows. Flier cautions that the company's association with lauded researchers cannot replace the science required to prove that the supplements combat aging and are safe to use.

THE BOTTOM LINE: It's too early to tell whether supplements can have any life-extending effects in humans.

THE HACK: These supplements, called nootropics or sometimes "smart drugs," promise to sharpen your thinking and enhance mental abilities. Many common nootropic ingredients--including the sleep-enhancing hormone melatonin, energy-boosting B vitamins as well as caffeine--are already present in the foods and pills that people consume on a daily basis.

THE HYPE: Nootrobox, one company that makes nootropics, combines ingredients like B vitamins and caffeine with a bouquet of other ingredients to create capsules with different purposes. "Rise" pills claim to enhance memory and stamina, "Sprint" pills promise an immediate boost of clarity and energy, "Kado-3" pills offer "daily protection of brain and body," and "Yawn" pills offer what you'd expect. A combo pack of 190 capsules retails for about $135.

Nootrobox is one of the more popular nootropic startups, with more than $2 million in funding from private investors like Yahoo CEO Marissa Mayer and the venture-capital firm Andreessen Horowitz. "I think nootropics will become things we consume on a daily basis," says the company's CEO, Geoffrey Woo.

THE DEBATE: The ingredients in nootropic supplements have a "generally recognized as safe," or GRAS, designation from the FDA, and some of them have been studied for their cognitive-enhancing effects. But the unique combinations in the pills themselves haven't been proven to heighten people's mental capacity. Nootrobox says it is currently conducting clinical trials of its products.

The FDA is notoriously hands-off when it comes to the regulation of dietary supplements. In the U.S., vitamins are not required to undergo rigorous testing for effectiveness or safety before they're sold.

Many doctors are also skeptical that they make a difference in mental performance. "There's probably a lot of placebo effect," says Kimberly Urban, a postdoctoral research fellow at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia who has studied the effects of nootropics on the brain. "I think people should use some caution, especially young people." She adds that while these supplements may in fact be safe, there's no scientific research to prove it.

THE BOTTOM LINE: Many nootropics on the market are probably less sugary and lower in caffeine than most energy drinks, which often contain similar ingredients to those in the pills. Still, the notion that they make people sharper is largely unproven. So until independent clinical trials prove otherwise, it's buyer beware.

THE HACK: Calorie restriction--the practice of consuming nothing but water for a day at a time or drastically slashing calories a few days per week--has been popular for decades among eternal-youth seekers and health nuts alike. Now some companies are taking the guesswork out of it with fasting-diet meal-delivery kits.

THE HYPE: Not eating on a regular basis certainly sounds unpleasant, but proponents say that doing so comes with the benefits of better health, a stronger immune system and possibly even a longer life.

To help people get closer to this goal, L-Nutra, a Los Angeles--based company, offers a five-day, ultra-low-calorie meal kit called ProLon, which is designed to mimic fasting and promote health and longevity.

The meal kit includes energy bars, plant-based snacks, vegetable soups and algal-oil supplements that add up to a total of 770 to 1,100 calories a day. A five-day kit that must be ordered by a doctor costs $299.

THE DEBATE: Studies do show that calorie-restricted diets are linked to longer life expectancy. It's not clear why, exactly, but some scientists suspect that stressing the body kicks it into a temporary mode that leads to the creation of healthy new cells. Other research suggests that a very-low-calorie diet may make the body more responsive to cancer treatment and can slow the progression of multiple sclerosis.

A recent two-year study found that people who cut their calorie intake by 25% lost an average of 10% of their body weight, slept better and were even cheerier compared with those who didn't diet.

"Doctors can offer patients this as an alternative to drugs," says Valter Longo, director of the University of Southern California Longevity Institute and founder of L-Nutra. (Longo says he doesn't receive a salary from his work with L-Nutra.)

Still, not everyone agrees that the evidence is strong enough to support the price tag--or the effort required. "I certainly wouldn't do it," says Rozalyn Anderson, a researcher at the University of Wisconsin--Madison, who studies calorie restriction in monkeys. "Life is too short, even if calorie restriction extends it."

The real promise of this kind of research is identifying cell pathways that are involved in aging and activated during fasting, she says. Ultimately this could lead to the development of a drug that could trigger those same pathways without requiring people to eat less.

THE BOTTOM LINE: Occasional calorie restriction does appear to have health benefits, but how much comes from weight loss and how much comes from healthy cell changes needs to be further explored. Widely agreed upon is that any version of a fasting diet should be done under a physician's supervision.

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How Silicon Valley Is Trying to Hack Its Way Into a Longer Life - TIME

These Serious Marathoners Lived 19 Years Longer Than Average – Runner’s World


Runner's World
These Serious Marathoners Lived 19 Years Longer Than Average
Runner's World
This is far greater than the life extension found in many other studies of fitness and longevity. For example, a study of Tour de France riders gave them an eight-year advantage. Other research generally concludes that modest and high fitness are worth ...

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These Serious Marathoners Lived 19 Years Longer Than Average - Runner's World

Belly-Button Rings: Where Are They Now? – Racked

Before nasty women in pantsuits but after rocker chicks with shoulder pads came dirrty girls with belly-button rings. (Just ask Christina Aguilera.) The zeitgeist of the late 1990s and early 2000s made navel piercings a ubiquitous symbol of sex appeal, but they seem to have disappeared from the navels of both pop stars and girls next door. Whatever happened to the trend that took young, free-spirited women by storm?

The zeitgeist of the late 1990s and early 2000s made navel piercings a ubiquitous symbol of sex appeal, but they seem to have disappeared from the navels of both pop stars and girls next door.

If you ask Sara Czernikowski, who manages a Rochester, New York, piercing shop called Dorje Adornments, nothing ever happened. Although Czernikowski says 1985 to 2005 undoubtedly served as the peak for navel piercings, the number has not dropped dramatically since. In fact, her shop pierces three to five navels each day, and sells another five navel bars to customers daily. While there are no national statistics readily available regarding the perceived rise and fall of navel piercings, Czernikowski says that anecdotal experience among other piercing professionals seem to confirm the longevity of navel piercings popularity.

According to Czernikowski, navel piercings first rose to fame thanks to the 1970s gay leather movement. I could go on [forever] about how we attribute all modern body modification to the gay leather scene in New York City from the early 1970s to now, Czernikowski says. She points to the Gauntlet, a body piercing studio originally run out of founder Jim Ward's West Hollywood home, as a huge influence on the culture. Eventually the Gauntlet opened shops in San Francisco, New York City, and Seattle, helping to set the standards and practices for body piercing nationwide.

Without the leather scene, Czernikowski says, there would have been no Gauntlet. Without the Gauntlet, there would have been no inspiration for Cryin [the 1993 Aerosmith video that popularized the trend with women] and therefore no surge in popularity for navel piercings.

In Aerosmiths infamous video, Alicia Silverstone is seen getting a navel piercing, although she admitted to having a stand-in for the actual piercing [because] she found it disgusting, according to Czernikowski. Once the video for Cryin dropped, Silverstone rose to fame, and so did navel piercings and, thus, the association of belly-button rings with young women was born. Even the phrase belly-button ring is rather infantile, but thats exactly how navel piercings came to be known.

How does piercing a cavern of your body that collects lint and bacteria strike people as sexual?

Missy Wilkerson spent the 1990s as a piercing apprentice who was so passionate about body modification that she had a plethora of piercings herself including one on her labia, which she pierced at home. Wilkerson agrees that the stigma associated with belly-button rings is both the reason it rose to mainstream fame and a frustrating display of misogyny. I think navel piercings are unfairly maligned because of their association with young women and adolescent girls, Wilkerson says. Its pretty gross and sexist.

How does piercing a cavern of your body that collects lint and bacteria strike people as sexual?

The late 90s and early 2000s were the eras when Britney, Janet, Christina, and Shakira were just a few of the pop divas who bared their midriffs and gyrated on stage while showing off fancy navel jewelry. For many, Britneys 2001 Im a Slave 4 U performance at the VMAs forever serves as the epitome of bold sexuality. She rocked a revealing green get-up, a dazzling navel chain, and yes, the infamous snake.

Its this association that made navel piercings so taboo and all the more desirable for teenage girls during the piercings heyday. Danielle Hayden, who is now 28, experienced resistance when she asked her parents for permission to pierce her navel in high school for this very reason. She explained that her dad thought it was a sexual thing and kept saying stuff about me wanting to look sexy.

However, Haydens parents were not the only ones to make assumptions about the very aesthetic she loved so much. There was a guy I was attracted to in college who assumed I was more sexual than I was because I had a navel piercing, Hayden explains. Despite her chaste nature at the time, her piercing was associated with a sexuality she had not yet fully developed.

The inability to allow navel piercings to just be exactly what they are a piercing is a microcosm of our larger inability to separate sexy from sex.

The inability to allow navel piercings to just be exactly what they are a piercing is a microcosm of our larger inability to separate sexy from sex. Sure, a navel piercing can be sexy, even if that wasnt the wearers intended purpose. But by sexualizing a piece of jewelry, we restrict a trends ability to be universally embraced.

This is perhaps most apparent when bringing gender into the picture. Even before the gay leather movement of the 1970s, Czernikowski explains, the very first wearers of navel piercings were men, and the adornment may date back to ancient Egyptian civilization. But because of the pop culture takeover of the late 90s and early 00s, which branded navel rings as youthful and feminine, a piercing that was previously non-gendered became incredibly gender-exclusive.

In Czernikowskis shop, men often get navel piercings, she says. Because of the shops large selection, the navel jewelry offered at Dorje Adornments is as diverse as the clientele. In the spirit of a navel-piercing-for-all movement, Czernikowski says, The men who work for us have navel piercings as examples to clients that there is no gender attached to body modification.

The average navel-piercing client at Dorje Adornments is a 30-year-old woman. Women ages 15 to 19 and women over 40 are tied for the second biggest female client groups, which might strike some as a surprise. No, navel piercings arent just for hormonal teenage girls, and no, they are not obsolete. There are those who think the navel piercing is not only outdated but also childish, but clearly that is not the case.

Although its mainstream popularity has been stymied by both the oversaturation of navel piercings and growing acceptance of body modification in general, it may be time for a comeback. Crop tops, chokers, and velvet are all recently resurrected trends, so perhaps navel piercings will have their moment in the sun again.

Who knows? Maybe well get to see a stud like Liam Hemsworth, Joe Jonas, or Chris Pratt rocking some navel jewelry right alongside babes like Beyonc (who wore a navel ring on the cover of Shape), Demi Lovato, and Vanessa Hudgens. In the meantime, patrons across the country will still flock to their nearest piercing shops, keeping the aesthetic of the late 1990s alive.

In the meantime, patrons across the country will still flock to their nearest piercing shops, keeping the aesthetic of the late 1990s alive.

Missy Wilkerson, the fiery spirit who once spent her days apprenticing in a piercing shop, rocks a single septum piercing these days. When she thinks back to her navel piercing which she had to remove a couple years ago because of rigorous karate training she has fond memories of the aesthetic she can no longer enjoy. I loved the way the navel piercing looked, she said. And I loved my jewelry a curved barbell with a winking red stone that resembled a garnet, my birthstone.

Navel piercings may not be plastered everywhere these days; they have taken a break from the limelight in favor of a more quiet popularity. But sheathed underneath button-downs and pantsuits and shift dresses and jumpsuits, the navel piercing lives on in men and women of all ages.

Perhaps navel piercings are a sign of liberation. Perhaps they are a sign of youthful rebellion. Or perhaps they are just a sign that yes, navel piercings look damn cool.

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Belly-Button Rings: Where Are They Now? - Racked

President Donald Trump is a TV addict – MyDaytonDailyNews

There's a case building that television more than wealth or family or real estate, certainly more than politics - is what President Donald Trump loves most.

The evidence was there all along. A camera in the room is the only thing that seems to truly animate him, for it brings with it the promise of big (or easily inflatable) ratings. A television show is the only thing that ever offered Trump, briefly, a unanimous and undisputed success. Absent the camera, he is an even bigger fan of watching TV, much like his fellow Americans who harbor a hard addiction to watching cable-news shows morning, noon and night.

There have been reports (usually anonymously sourced) that some of Trump's staff members wish he didn't watch so much, but why would he stop? The long-offered promise of truly interactive TV has arrived for at least one American: him. Cable news hangs on his every word, while he returns the favor by mimicking some of its worst talking points, often within enough minutes to create an unsettling semblance of harmony.

Sad! As HBO's John Oliver showed in a clip Sunday night on the long-awaited return of his satirical politics show, "Last Week Tonight," Trump is so addicted to cable news that the cabin of Air Force One now echoes with the cheapo commercials that accompany his all-day diet of noise, including the Empire flooring jingle ("Eight-hundred, five-eight-eight ...") Our president, Oliver joked, is like the septuagenarian who has collapsed and died alone in a house with the TV blaring; it takes neighbors days to notice anything amiss.

Thus, Oliver concluded, the only way to get a factual argument across to the president is to make a set of catheter ads to air during cable news, featuring a folksy ol' cowboy who subliminally explains such necessary concepts as the nuclear triad. Oliver's ads began airing in the Washington, D.C., market on Monday morning on Fox, CNN and MSNBC. Maybe just maybe Trump noticed.

Meanwhile, a fomenting Trump resistance movement has seen that televised mockery might be effective in creating the sort of tiny cracks that eventually cause meaningful collapse. The mockery required for this job is not the kind of whip-smart, fact-based, ironic criticism inherited from Jon Stewart's "Daily Show" and still practiced with dedicated verve by TBS' Samantha Bee, NBC's Seth Meyers, CBS' Stephen Colbert and Oliver (who spent 24 minutes Sunday night on a segment devoted to the preservation of the concept of "facts.")

Rather it's the plain, old fashioned, over-the-top mockery that shows a White House hopelessly out of control, compromised, flaccid from the get-go and comically inept. This was best displayed by none other than Melissa McCarthy, a comedic film and TV star recruited by her pals at NBC's "Saturday Night Live" to lampoon White House press secretary Sean Spicer on the show's Feb. 4 episode and again a week later.

The sketches were so brutally effective - starting from their obvious top layer of derision for Spicer's bellicose, combative style, all the way down to the more ingeniously subliminal dig of having women portray the innumerable men who surround and advise the president - that they set off a wave of excitement on the left: Can it really be as easy as dishing up the most basic form of insult humor and then broadcasting it far and wide? Does electoral revenge reside in a barrage of unsophisticated, easy-to-write, tiny-hands jokes (or, in a supercut from Oliver's show, the insultingly spot-on "Donald Trump doesn't know how to shake hands"), rather than a clever, humorously but laboriously spun counterpoint of wonky facts?

Perhaps. In anticipation of "SNL's" Feb. 11 episode, hosted for the 17th time by actor Alec Baldwin, who has found some always-needed career rejuvenation as the show's go-to Trump impersonator since last fall's campaign, America's TV addicts and critics (who now include most of the political press corps) rubbed their hands together in anticipatory glee: Would the episode be just mildly devastating or completely annihilating?

That the episode was found a tad wanting is nothing new to lifetime "SNL" watchers. The show is nothing if not a decades-long study in demand-resistance, causing its viewers to always desire more than it actually delivers. Lorne Michaels, who now controls far more of the TV comedy realm than a mere 90 minutes on Saturday nights, wisely avoids taking requests from his audience, because we tend, as a voting bloc, to suggest the easiest and least original premises and jokes.

Yet, sensing the desires of the internet zeitgeist, "SNL" featured a short, melancholy film in which cast member Leslie Jones floated the idea that she, not Baldwin, should step into the role of Trump. Her fellow cast members interrogated her intent as Jones sat in a makeup chair acquiring an orange comb-over, wondering whether there's a workable shtick here: Could having a black woman play Trump be an effective weapon against the watcher-in-chief? The ultimate insult, as it were?

This assumes that Trump still watches "SNL." He may profess not to - but honestly, come on. It's hard to believe that he'd be able to resist looking at anything that's about him, or even, perhaps, taking credit for the show's impressive jump in ratings. "SNL" is now enjoying its highest-rated season in 22 years, according to Variety.

Lest anyone forget, many viewers of "SNL" still hold the show culpable in providing some of the crucial hot air that floated Trump to his many victories, by allowing him to host while he was a serious contender for the presidential race. The time for truly effective mockery came and went while "SNL" and the rest of the comedy world dilly-dallied with Trump.

All presidents have watched more than their share of TV. One thinks of LBJ's custom array of TV sets in the Oval Office to track all three networks in breaking-news situations, or the Reagans enjoying a night in front of the tube with their TV dinner tray tables. Even the Obamas made sure to get on the inside track with HBO, having "Game of Thrones" screeners delivered before they aired.

As we continue to ask ourselves what Trump watches, and how or if it shapes his decisions, it's probably worth noting that there's a lot he doesn't watch - or at least, we've never been told of anything remotely interesting in his DVR queue.

If insider accounts are to be believed, it's all news, all the time - and perhaps still looking in on NBC's "The Celebrity Apprentice," the show that still credits him as an executive producer even though he goes out of his way to pooh-pooh its current iteration. (About this, he's not wrong. The only reason left to watch "Celebrity Apprentice" might be if you're in a Nielsen family and want to irritate the president.)

In other words, he's missing so much - some of the greatest television ever made, much of it rich in instructive, metaphorical storytelling about power and moral consequence.

Even though Trump appears to lack the necessary attention span, I still find myself wishing that he had joined me and the 10 or so other Americans who were transfixed by HBO's "The Young Pope," a befuddlingly beautiful 10-episode series that just concluded. It's about a new pope, Pius XIII (Jude Law), who is determined to drain the swamp that is Vatican City. He is steadfast in his conservative beliefs and unconcerned with alienating the church's liberal side. He loathes the press. He won't travel. He is consumed by a sort of divine narcissism and he can deliver a real scorcher of a sermon to his underlings.

Yet, not only did Pius win over the cardinals with his agenda, he also, finally, convinced the rest of us that his aim was true. In 10 hours, he went from a horrifying firebrand to a persuasive messenger, maybe even a pope for the ages.

In this way, TV always has something to tell us, even when we're the president. And the president might seem more human if he would very publicly pick up a few, well-made scripted shows and tell us what he thought about them. The first step is learning how to change the channel and break some bad viewing habits.

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President Donald Trump is a TV addict - MyDaytonDailyNews

10th Biennial Nehalem Bay Estuary Cleanup set – Tillamook Headlight-Herald

One person's trash is another person's - jelly jar?

Pull up your boots, don your rain gear, and prepare to take out the trash out of the estuary that is.

The 10th Biennial Nehalem Estuary Cleanup is fast approaching, so everyone is invited to help the cause on March 11, for the opportunity to spend a day making a lasting difference in the bay. A debris-free estuary is important for salmon, wildlife, and the health of our communities.

Orientation begins at 7:30 a.m. at the Wheeler Masonic Hall at Handy Creek Bakery, 63 North Highway 101, in downtown Wheeler. Parking is available on the south side of the building. Following the introduction, groups of volunteers will spread out around the bay to walk the high tide line collecting debris. Trucks and boats will collect the materials, returning it to Wheelers Waterfront Park for sorting, recycling and disposal.

Volunteers of all ages and abilities are welcome to join this exciting event. Opportunities range from collecting debris, sorting materials, helping with set-up and take down, and food service. Nehalem Bay State Park will have special activities for children that will help them understand why coastal cleanups are so important.

Also, science educator Peter Walczak will lead a youth crew cleaning up debris along the state park jetty. Youth and family volunteers can join the 7:30 a.m. orientation in Wheeler, or go directly to the boat ramp in Nehalem Bay State Park starting at 8:30 a.m., where there will be an orientation and ongoing educational activities!

Bring drinking water and your own snack or sack lunch. This is a rain or shine event. Wear waterproof boots, work gloves, and layers as needed.

After the cleanup, starting at 5 p.m., volunteers are invited to the White Clover Grange at 36585 Highway 53, Nehalem, OR 97131 for live music, a chili and cornbread feast, root beer floats, and socializing. You might want to bring a dry change of clothes for the party.

New this year, we are offering the opportunity to register online in advance of the event. Volunteers can sign-up by going to http://www.eventbrite.com and searching for 10th Biennial Nehalem Estuary Cleanup or by visiting http://www.nehalemtrust.org/events. This will allow for a smooth orientation in the morning and a quick start to the cleanup.

Back again by popular demand is the Nehalem Estuary Cleanup Photo Contest! Volunteers and attendees are invited to submit photos from the day of the event to photocontest@nehalemtrust.org by March 15. The winning photographer will receive a gift certificate to a local business and be featured in print and online press about the event.

In 2015 alone, over 150 volunteers dedicated their time, skills, and energy to make our bay clean and healthy. We pulled 2.37 tons of trash and 915 lbs. of recyclable and reusable material from the estuary. Recyclable materials were comprised of 110 lbs. of reusable items, 302 lbs. of metal, 240 lbs. of glass, 120 lbs. of plastic, and 34 lbs. of paper. A few of our more interesting finds included 1 jar of grape jelly, 1 mattress, 1 port-a-potty door, 14 railroad spikes, 21 shoes (including 1 pair), 26 hazardous items, 65 balls, 105 flip flops, 350 shotgun shells, and 1 genuine message in a bottle. What will you discover this year?

Community partners Lower Nehalem Community Trust, Lower Nehalem Watershed Council, CARTM, Nehalem Bay State Park, North Coast Land Conservancy, and Tillamook Estuaries Partnership are pleased to announce that this event is part of Explore Nature, a series of hikes, walks, paddles and outdoor adventures. Hosted throughout Tillamook County by a consortium of Conservation organizations, these meaningful, nature-based experiences highlight the unique beauty of Tillamook County and the work being done to preserve and conserve the areas natural resources and natural resource-based economy. This effort is partially funded by the Economic Development Council of Tillamook County and Visit Tillamook Coast.

We are grateful for the outpouring of support from so many businesses and individuals. We thank Handy Creek Bakery, Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife, Monica Gianopulos, The Roost, Manzanita Fresh Foods, Mother Natures Natural Foods, Manzanita Market Grocery & Deli, Bread and Ocean, Manzanita News & Espresso, Kingfisher Farms, the City of Wheeler, the Wheeler Liquor Store, Bills Tavern, Mohler Co-op and many more yet to come.

If you can't join us for the day of the event, please consider making a donation by visiting http://www.nehalemtrust.org or by mail to Lower Nehalem Community Trust, PO Box 496, 532 Laneda Ave., Suite C, Manzanita, OR 97130. Include "Estuary Cleanup" in the message section or on the memo line.

For more information, contact Lower Nehalem Watershed Council Coordinator, Alix Lee at lnwc@nehalemtel.net

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10th Biennial Nehalem Bay Estuary Cleanup set - Tillamook Headlight-Herald

Officials hope fiber optic expansion helps diversify Decatur’s economy – The Decatur Daily

A fiber optic companys $10 million commitment to expanding its high-speed broadband capacity in Decatur could help diversify the citys economy while possibly adding Wi-Fi access to downtown, city officials said.

Southern Light, a Mobile-based company, announced Wednesday morning an agreement with the city of Decatur to expand high-speed broadband capacity.

The company committed to installing at least 50 miles of lines with a 1 terabyte-per-second core capacity in the city for commercial, government and nonprofits. Customers can access up to 100 gigabytes per second.

The company already has about 10 miles of underground fiber optic lines in downtown Decatur. These lines serve City Hall and its Cain Street annexes, the L&N Depot, the Old State Bank, Turner-Surles Community Resource Center, Ogle Stadium, Morgan County Jail and the Morgan County Courthouse.

Rick Paler, executive director of the Decatur Downtown Redevelopment Authority, said Southern Lights service also provides an opportunity to possibly provide open Wi-Fi access in downtown Decatur.

Were working with the city and Southern Light to make that happen, Paler said.

Andy Newton, president and chief executive officer of Southern Light, said the expansion will begin in downtown Decatur and expand outward as businesses sign on as customers. Cost for customers will depend on their service demands.

Newton said his company uses only fiber optic lines, while many of its competitors still use antiquated copper. Our lines are 100 percent fiber, so there arent any bottlenecks.

Mayor Tab Bowling said the franchise agreement with Southern Light does not include any incentives or tax abatements, but Newton said the citys cooperation and lack of fees helped the expansion plans move more quickly.

Were thrilled to now be a gigabyte city, Bowling said Wednesday.

Jeremy Nails, president and CEO of the Morgan County Economic Development Association, said high-speed internet access will help the city in the goal to diversify its economy.

Decatur has been an industrial city since the late 1940s, but city leaders have been vocal in recent years that they want to attract more high-tech companies that pay higher wages.

Its always good to have options for companies in fiber internet, Nails said. Companies like 3-GIS and Magnolia River depend on high speed, and they like being downtown.

3-GIS owner Tom Counts said his search for a dependable high-speed internet service began when his company, which provides Web-based fiber network design and management software, located on Market Street Northeast about 11 years ago.

3-GIS switched to Southern Light about six months ago, and the company is now getting the quality, consistent internet service it has to have, he said.

Were still in the honeymoon period, but its been a fabulous six months, Counts said.

Counts said he believes Decatur must have access to a high-speed internet of at least a gigabyte (per second) if it wants to continue being a successful bedroom community of Huntsville.

Bowling said Southern Lights announcementalsocould be key to helping existing industries such as United Launch Alliance.

ULA is the only company the (U.S.) Department of Defense is using to take payloads into space that impact national security, Bowling said.

Bowling said ULA is preparing to introduce new space vehicles for this service, so we want to find a way in Decatur to help them transition toward producing these vehicles here.

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Officials hope fiber optic expansion helps diversify Decatur's economy - The Decatur Daily

Evaluate FLSA for its Ability to Keep Pace with Today’s Workplace, SHRM Tells House Subcommittee – SHRM


SHRM
Evaluate FLSA for its Ability to Keep Pace with Today's Workplace, SHRM Tells House Subcommittee
SHRM
WASHINGTON The Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) is out of step with today's technology-based economy and limits employers' ability to provide important flexible work arrangements, the Society for Human Resource Management (SHRM) testified today.

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Evaluate FLSA for its Ability to Keep Pace with Today's Workplace, SHRM Tells House Subcommittee - SHRM

World Economic Forum blog: Canada’s basic income experiment will it work? – Basic Income News

In January, Apolitical published an exclusive interview with two leaders behind the planning of a pilot study of a basic income guarantee program in Ontario, Canada: Helena Jaczek, Ontarios Minister of Community and Social Services, and project advisor Hugh Segal.

Earlier this month, the interview was republished in the official blog of the World Economic Forum, the Switzerland-based organization responsible for the prestigious annual Davos meeting (which this year held a panel discussion and debate on basic income: dream or delusion).

In the interview, Jaczek and Segal explain the reasons for their interest in and optimism about basic income. Jaczek sees the program as a means to provide economic security to allow individuals to contribute to society. Segal supports basic income as a way to avoid the poverty trap that occurs when poor individuals lose benefits after taking a job, as well as a way to empower the poor to make decisions on their own behalf.

The Government of Ontario has recently completed public consultation hearings on an initial proposal for the pilot study, and will release its final plan in Spring 2017. As proposed, the pilot will consist of both a randomized control study in a large metropolitan area (in which randomly selected individuals receive the basic income guarantee) and several saturation studies (in which all members of a small city receive the basic income guarantee). If Segals initial recommendations are followed, subjects will be eligible to receive an unconditional cash transfer of up to 1,320 CAD (about 1,000 USD) per month, gradually tapered off with additional earnings, which would replace existing unemployment programs in the province.

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Exclusive: Inside Canadas new basic income project, Apolitical, January 4, 2017.

Canadas basic income experiment will it work? World Economic Forum blog, February 2, 2017.

Reviewed by Danny Pearlberg

Photo (Ottawa, Ontario, Canada) CC BY 2.0Brian Burke

Kate McFarland has written 359 articles.

Kate began reporting for Basic Income News in March 2016, joined BIEN's Executive Committee in July 2016, and was appointed Secretary of BIEN's US affiliate (USBIG) in November 2016. She has received funding from the Economic Security Project and Patreon for her work for as a basic income news reporter.

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World Economic Forum blog: Canada's basic income experiment will it work? - Basic Income News

Will automation define the future of network technology? – TechTarget

Ethan Banks, blogging in Packet Pushers, said he believes that the future of network technology will be defined by automation. Most configurations will be done automatically rather than by network engineers using command line interfaces or GUIs. Banks said that sparing engineers the repetitive and often boring task of configuration would be a benefit, both from the standpoint of personal satisfaction and business success. When it comes to the future of network technology, he sees the potential of well-written software eliminating many of the mistakes that tired or distracted people make. He said that where the future of network technology is concerned, automating IT is a way for businesses to cut down on risks in IT changes.

What should engineers do with the rise of automation? Banks said understanding and leveraging automation tools and focusing on systems-level thinking will become the new job roles for engineers. A preconfigured automation system won't work instantly for most businesses and it falls on engineers who understand the business and its processes to adopt automation offerings. "I predict automation scope creep in IT infrastructure automation as well. Perhaps you'll start by automating the creation of a VLAN. Then you'll figure out how to hook that simple VLAN creation script into the IPAM API, and reserve a new IP block from the IPAM at the same time the VLAN is created. And then you'll realize that with a little more code, you can inject the new IP block into the routing domain," Banks said.

Dig deeper into Banks' thoughts on the future of network technology.

Ivan Pepelnjak, blogging in ipSpace, shared his thoughts on the new Ethernet Virtual Private Network, or EVPN, implementation that shipped with Cumulus Linux 3.2. While many groups, such as small ASIC makers that were eager to get a control plane for hardware VXLAN tunnel endpoint, or VTEP functionalities, were excited by the inclusion, Pepelnjak believes that the benefits of EVPN are exaggerated.

Pepelnjak terms EVPN "SIP for networking." He draws comparisons between Cumulus Linux, which implements on Type-3 routes and relies on dynamic MAC learning, and Cisco and Juniper, which offer BGP-based MAC learning, as well as IP address propagation on Type-2 routes. Pepelnjak disagrees with an assessment of EVPN from David Iles, senior director at Mellanox, who suggested that EVPN offers an industry-standard control plane for VTEP orchestration, using an extension of BGP, thereby delivering the promise of Cisco's FabricPath, TRILL or Brocade's VCS. Rather, Pepelnjak believes that among the data center fabrics that Iles named, TRILL is at least as standard as EVPN and because it has fewer options, tends to be more interoperable.

Explore more of Pepelnjak's thoughts on EVPN.

Shamus McGillicuddy, an analyst at Enterprise Management Associates in Boulder, Colo., rated IT analytics vendor ExtraHop's release of a new cloud-based service that applies machine learning to packet stream analysis. The new service, ExtraHop Addy, collects wireline data from all ExtraHop appliances on a user's system and establishes network baselines. Initially, the service is intended to spot anomalies but in the long-run, its global analysis capabilities are aimed at tracking industry benchmarks and emerging security threats.

McGillicuddy sees ExtraHop Addy fitting into a broader trend favoring analytics in the enterprise. EMA research found that 50% of enterprise network infrastructure organizations use advanced analytics capabilities like machine learning and big data processing to boost network security monitoring and process optimization. According to McGillicuddy, interpreted packet flows are one of the most common approaches to this type of analytics and he said he believes that enterprises should consider for themselves whether Addy will fit their operations.

Read more of McGillicuddy's thoughts on ExtraHop Addy.

Understanding network automation

Looking into Cumulus Linux

ExtraHop boosts wireline analytics

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Will automation define the future of network technology? - TechTarget

Luddite Lefty Journalists Apparently Think Workplace Automation is Conservatives’ Fault [VIDEO] – Daily Caller

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David Corn of progressive magazine Mother Jones and Erin Gloria Ryan of The Daily Beast discussed the now withdrawn nomination of Andrew Puzder for Secretary of Labor on MSNBCs The Last Word Wednesday night.

But guests took issue with emerging workplace automation technology that threatens jobs in the fast good industry in which Puzder made his fortune. Both also appeared to hold Puzder at least partially responsible for its advent.

WATCH:

Hes Secretary of Labor, was going to be, yet he is against raising the minimum wage, Corn said, seemingly of the opinion the two were inherently incompatible.

He has said, you know, I wish I could get rid of workers and just put in robots because they dont file discrimination cases and theyre never late and you dont have to worry about them, Corn continued. He made no mention of the fact that higher minimum wages and additional employment litigation might make robotic labor more attractive to employers.

Just to add that, Ryan chimed in, The fact that he was somebody who is pro-automation when automation is something that, over the next ten years, is going to threaten tens of thousands, if not more, American jobs. And he was somebody that was supposed to be the Secretary of Labor, actually endangering Americans ability to work.

Ryan apparently believes Puzders enthusiasm for robotics technology means workplace automation would have been closely linked to him becoming head of the Department of Labor.

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Luddite Lefty Journalists Apparently Think Workplace Automation is Conservatives' Fault [VIDEO] - Daily Caller

Life in the Fast LaneAutomation with Software-Defined Intelligence – InfoWorld

Transform to a modern hybrid infrastructure with converged, hyperconverged, and composable infrastructure solutions from Hewlett Packard Enterprise.

By Bharath Vasudevan, Director of Product Management, Hewlett Packard Enterprise Software-defined and Cloud Group

Life in the fast lane Surely make you lose your mind Life in the fast lane Everything all the time. Eagles, 1976

Businesses are constantly looking for a competitive advantage anything that will allow them to move faster. In the past, it was all about adopting technology that would make systems move faster faster CPUs, faster memory, solid state drives but these are simply components that everyone can access. An alternative way to move into the fast lane of innovation is by automating IT processes. By removing or streamlining time-consuming processes in the datacenter and replacing them with software-defined intelligence, businesses can move faster, become more efficient, and most importantly be more competitive.

The challenge is that hardware is physical infrastructure, which is difficult to automate. Thats where software-defined intelligence can help, allowing you to encapsulate everything about your physical infrastructure and turn it into software that you can manage like code. You can then program it and add it to your repeatable automation flow, delivering end services faster.

A single, unified API changes everything

In order to transform a datacenter with software-defined automation, many things have to be taken into consideration configurations, infrastructure platforms, applications and management. In the past, in order to automate physical infrastructure, you had to automate each part (compute, storage, and fabric) individually. Then you had to take time and stitch them all together, which created a heavy set of complex code.

Keep in mind that all of the different systems have their own individual APIs to manage system updates, BIOS setting, operating system installations, network connectivity configuration, storage array configuration, and more. And once set up, the slightest change in the infrastructure meant that you had to go back and readjust to ensure everything was still working properly. This process generates 1,000s of lines of automationcode, all of which can be extremely challenging to keep current, even with advanced configuration management software. (Borrowing a line from the Eagles song it will surely make you lose your mind!)

What if you could bring multiple technology elements into a single, unified API? Todays technology lets you do just that. Instead of 100s or 1000s of lines of code to automate all of that physical infrastructure, you can now collapse that down to a single line of code reducing provisioning time down from hours to minutes.

How is this possible whats changed that now allows you to do this? One answer is the development of a RESTful API, which is easy to interface with and very developer-friendly. A RESTful API is now considered the industry standard and is preferred by a vast majority of web-based developers. These APIs are useful for developers and end users trying to integrate applications, because a developer doesnt need to understand the implementation details of the app they are trying to integrate with.

Transform to a datacenter life in the fast lane

Wondering what this change looks like in real life? One of HPEs customers wanted to configure local RAID on 200 servers, automating everything possible. With their previous vendor, this process would have taken them 1 hour per server or 5 weeks. Because they are in a high-growth business, they routinely deploy servers; therefore, this delay was unacceptable. Instead, using the unified API, they deployed 200 HPE servers and the entire process took just one hour total!

This amazing transformation is because a unified API in HPE OneView provides a single interface to discover, search, inventory, configure, provision, update, and diagnose the physical infrastructure. A single line of code fully describes and can provision the infrastructure required for an application. This eliminates time-consuming scripting of more than 500 calls to low-level tools and interfaces required by competitive offerings.

Using software-defined intelligence, HPE brings a new level of automation to infrastructure management. Designed with a unified API and supported by a large and growing partner ecosystem (Docker, Chef, Ansible, System Center and others), HPE OneView makes it easy to integrate powerful infrastructure automation into existing IT tools and processes.

Take the first step in moving to life in the fast lane with software-defined automation. Check out http://www.hpe.com/info/composableprogram or download the e-book, Composable Infrastructure for Dummies.

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Life in the Fast LaneAutomation with Software-Defined Intelligence - InfoWorld

Automation: Are We Empowering Human Interaction Or Displacing It? – Business 2 Community

The sales and marketing technology along with the social networking/selling technologies represent a huge amount of the changes that are driving sales and marketing.

They relieve us of many of the tasks that used to take lots of time, enabling us to focus that time on engaging customers and colleagues. They help us in better understanding our customers, markets, and whats happening, so that we can engage customers with more relevant insights on more timely bases. They enable us to extend our reach, beyond our local geographies to the global community. They help us create greater value for our customers, our people, and our communities. They help us create deeper relationships with our customers and colleagues, hopefully creating deeper meaning in each of our lives.

Or they dont.

They help us displace human interaction and engagement. We set up automated communications streams, that pummel customers with content based on various scoring algorithms. We automate interactions with customers, reducing our engagement time, leveraging technology to manage much of that interaction. Increasingly we leverage technologies like AI, Chatbots, and others to simulate engagement with prospects and customers, that we might otherwise have.

We set up gigantic broadcast platforms, emailing 1000s daily, even hourly, dialing 100s to thousands daily, automatically curating and broadcasting massive volumes of content that weve never reviewed, but it increases our social presence.

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The volume and velocity of social and automated interactions skyrocketed beyond our customers and our own abilities to deal with it. Customers shut down, they dont respondsimple solution, turn up the volume, broadcast more, more frequently.

We, ourselves, fall victim to overload/overwhelm and digital distraction. While we should be more productive, we actually become less productive. We may have all the bodies we need in a meeting, but we dont have the minds and interaction because of the digital distractions we surrender ourselves to.

And we see it in the results. Despite all the tools, all the technologies, all the ways we broadcast our content and presence, results are not improving. Sales and marketing performance is flat or declining. Customer engagement numbers are plummeting.

Its probably not the fault of the tools we use, but how we use the tools, or how we hide behind sales/marketing/social automation.

Sales and marketing, indeed business, is intensely human. Its through people working together, creating, debating, innovating, that we solve problems, invent new things, grow in our world views and our abilities to achieve individually and organizationally.

Whether we are working within our own organizations, or engaging our customers, prospects, or working with our partners and suppliers, at its core we are engaged in deep human interactions.

We know our customers are eager to learn. We know they are dealing with increasingly tough problems and skyrocketing complexity. We know they feel overwhelmed, distracted and disengaged.

We know top performers are those that engage customers in deep conversations about their businesses, goals, and dreams. They work closely with their customers in learning, growing, collaborating. They help the customers figure out what they should do and how to buy.

Within our own organizations we know this about our own people, as well.

We know we get the best our of our people by engaging them, by listening, coaching, teaching and collaborating.

Perhaps its time to rethink our automation and social engagement strategies. Perhaps we need to look at how we leverage these technologies to empower deeper interactions and conversations.

Dave Brock is President and CEO of Partners In EXCELLENCE, a global consulting company focused on helping organizations engage their customers more effectively. Partners In EXCELLENCE helps it clients drive the highest levels of performance and productivity in sales, marketing, and customer service. They help organizations develop and execute business Viewfullprofile

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Automation: Are We Empowering Human Interaction Or Displacing It? - Business 2 Community

The Impact of Bad Data in Automation: Why Quality Management is Critical – R & D Magazine

Can automation work without good data supporting it? The simple answer is very likely to be no. Naturally, the next question would be: Why?

To understand this, we must first consider the impacts that goodand baddata can have on automation.

What is automation?

Automation can come in many forms, but essentially it is taking something that is run manually (by a person) and developing a machine or program to run that process automatically. This is quite a complex achievement when you consider all the potential variables that need to be managed by the automated process (AP). Designers of the AP need a very detailed understanding of the physical parameters, mechanical parameters and quality parameters to properly deliver automation.

Some aspects of automation are quite easy to envisage like car production automation where we often see images and videos of cars on the production line being constructed automatically by an army of robot arms. Other areas, such as the monitoring of quality and outcomes, are not so readily seen, even though they are there in the background. The computer systems that power an AP are not just there to direct the robots they are very often changing the way the AP runs making subtle changes based on tolerance test outcomes.

When does data matter?

Analytical results and tolerance test outcomes are an area where data quality and management is critical. The AP will be required to deliver a product to a given specification, within certain tolerances. For example, in drug production, every pill has a concentration of drug product within 0.01% of target or every pill is within a certain range of size. These critical variables form the basis of success criteria and therefore product acceptance.

If the variables are not measured, stored and analysed correctly, then the AP will not deliver meaning the product could have issues. Measuring variables is quite a simple process, but how accurate, precise and true the measures are, is very important. Each variable is slightly different, but you need to know these differences exist so that product quality can be assessed. And, since trueness is a derivative of other measures, it must be calculated and this is where the quality of the data is critical.

If the format and scale of the variable measured are not captured, you can expect complications. For example, if I collect data on a pill size, but I dont note the scale, 5.567 could mean 5.567mm or cm or m. If the scale in this example is not captured correctly, it risks not being readable by a human or a computer.

This ambiguity introduces risk into the data process youre likely to be either guessing or estimating the meaning of something, not using its real meaning. This also introduces risk into your decision making processes, which could lead to the release of defective products. In pharmaceuticals, this could mean including the wrong concentration of an active ingredient in a drug product, which would have serious repercussions.

Every measure of a variable needs to have the value, known significant figures, scale, time and date of collection, in a computer readable format, as a bare minimum. This enables calculations to be conducted and the values obtained to be used for decision-making.

Without this minimal information, decisions made about the data might be incorrect and the decisions become even trickier to automate. The goal of an AP is that all aspects are automatedthe elimination of human intervention. The systems need to be able to make their own decisions.

Take the example of the pill case. If a pill is too big, it gets removed from the process. Sometimes, this is as simple as letting the correct size pills fall through a hole which is too small for the larger pills. But in other processes, the analysis and decisions cannot be conducted using physical sorting. Here, the results of the variable test are critical and need to be captured, stored and time stamped as described above.

The format and context of results, including significant figures and units, is as critical as the data that is used in aggregate calculations to establish other parameters like trending mean, precision and accuracy. Without this information, calculations can, and do, go wrong.

For any automation to be successful, there needs to be high-quality data for it to run on. Without good quality data management this critical aspect can give rise to risk and errors in the process precisely the element that the automation process is intended to remove or significantly reduce.

Bad data and poor data management rigour introduces unwanted risk in automation and should be avoided at all costs. Management of the process data underpins many aspects of quality and product-based decisions, so the importance and subtleties should be considered when designing new automation processes or updating the old. Some types of automation, like pill size, can exist without data centred decisions. But those that rely on other variables, such as those intrinsic to the product composition, must be managed with good data. Without it, automation will just speed up the production of an unwanted product wasting time, money and resources.

Paul Denny-Gouldson heads the overall strategic planning for the various market verticals and scientific domains at IDBS. He obtained his Ph.D. in Computational Biology from Essex University in 1996, and has authored more than25 scientific papers and book chapters.

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The Impact of Bad Data in Automation: Why Quality Management is Critical - R & D Magazine