Turkmenistan Aims High as It Pledges Space Exploration – EurasiaNet

Turkmenistan is aiming for the stars.

Speaking at his presidential inauguration after winning a galactic 97.7 percent of the vote in an election over the weekend, Gurbanguly Berdymukhamedov announced that Turkmenistan will embark on further exploration of space.

The state news agency cited the president as saying on February 17 that Turkmenistan will build a world-class observatory from which to study the skies. But there is also a more explicitly commercial intent behind this sudden interest in space.

Huge attention will be devoted to developing the communications sector, he said. We will continue to exploit outer space by launching new satellites that will enable us to optimize telecommunications networks and the national economy and raise the Great Silk Road linking the continents to a whole new level.

Turkmenistan has already secured a perch in the space. In 2015, a Turkmen satellite was blasted into orbit onboard a SpaceX craft. The 4.5 ton satellite was built on order by Frances Thales Alenia Space and is operated by the Communications Ministry to provide telecommunications services across Europe, Central Asia and Africa.

Berdymukhamedov said at a government meeting in mid-January that one priority for 2017 was to continue developing mobile, broadcasting and internet communications, and that satellites would be key to that goal.

It would, of course, almost certainly be cheaper to rely on plugging the nations information infrastructure into regional and global networks, like all neighboring countries do, but Turkmenistan takes its North Korea-style isolation seriously. Internet provision inside Turkmenistan is for now poor and, for much of countrys hard-up population, expensive. The government revealed in January that the launch of a second satellite is imminent. Contrary to what Berdymukhamedov implied at the inauguration ceremony, however, the intent of that satellite will be to study the earth to perform remote earth sensing to be exact not space, according to officials.

But the president is for now selling this space lark in loftier terms. In medieval times, he mused, Turkmen scientists exploited the fine weather to make remarkable discoveries in space and contributed greatly to the development of world science.

Turkmenistan is not the only country in the region making outsized claims to space exploration. In September 2015, Tajikistan announced it had discovered a minor planet in the solar system, which it said had been renamed, well, Tajikistan. Authorities claimed in a report (now since seemingly removed from the state news agency website) that the celestial body was so named by a group called the International Astrophysicists Union (which doesnt seem to exist) in recognition of contributions made by Tajikistans scientists to the study of the heavens.

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Turkmenistan Aims High as It Pledges Space Exploration - EurasiaNet

Nanotech making Willy Wonka candy and self healing robots – The Marshalltown

Russian author Boris Zhitkov wrote the 1931 short story Microhands, in which the narrator creates miniature hands to carry out intricate surgeries.

And while that was nearly 100 years ago, the tale illustrates the real fundamentals of the nanoscience researchers are working on today.

Nanoscience is the study of molecules that are one billionth of a metre in size.

To put this into perspective, a human hair is between 50,000 and 100,000 nanometres thick.

At this tiny size, materials possess properties that lie somewhere between a lump of metal and that of a single atom.

This unique environment means they can become very reactive and be used as catalysts.

The ideas behind nanoscience are often easier to understand when considered simply in terms of how a single materials properties change.

But the field is not limited to just that: we are now moving into the realm of healthcare therapies, and vehicles smaller than a speck of dust.

What were once regarded as science fictions are rapidly becoming fact.

In video games like Biowares Mass Effect, players are able to heal characters injuries with the seemingly miraculous medi-gel.

Though it may not give you the unlimited life or epic adventure that a video game can, there is a real-life gel that can similarly stop an arterial bleed in seconds.

Veti-gel is made of polysaccharide polymers found in the cell walls of plants which, when applied to wounds, can mimic the structure of the extracellular matrix the complex web in which cells sit.

The gel essentially acts as scaffolding for the matrix to reform, pulling it back together and stopping bleeding without any pressure.

Indeed, wound healing is a key feature of many an action-packed science fiction plot line.

Handheld tools have already been created, similar to Star Treks dermal regenerator, to heal injuries.

On the nano-level, a team has developed gel nanoparticles which target a specific enzyme (FL2) which slows the migration of skin cells to wounds.

They hypothesised that reducing the levels of this enzyme would increase rates of wound healing.

However, delivering the molecules of Silencing RNA (SiRNA) needed to slow the enzyme down would normally be difficult, as unprotected chains of RNA quickly degrade within the body.

So these SiRNA molecules were placed inside nano-sized gel shells to aid uptake and their transport into cells.

Wounds treated this way healed twice as fast as those which were not, while maintaining normal tissue regeneration.

The film Terminator 2 features an evil robot that can repair itself, healing in a few seconds.

Thankfully, the reality is nowhere near as scary though we are close to having technology that fixes itself.

Chemists have devised self-healing carbon fibre polymers that break when stress is applied, allowing an epoxy resin to seep from the material and mix with a catalyst.

When the resin and catalyst come into contact, a strong plastic with a healing efficiency of up to 108% is formed.

The technology is comparable to the healing of a bruise, but instead of bursting a couple of blood vessels, the resin is released.

At a basic level, this may mean that we need never worry about a cracked phone screen again.

But it could also repair the tiny cracks that develop on planes while they are in flight, or even seal bullet holes.

In 1966, cinema-goers were wowed as the crew of a submarine was shrunk down to microscopic size, and injected into the body of a scientist in the film Fantastic Voyage.

Though we are certainly not anywhere near injecting tiny humans into other humans, scientists have created molecular-size vehicles that can be driven in particular directions.

In 2011, scientist Ben Feringa constructed a four-wheeled nanocar, comprised of four molecular motors on a carbon chain chassis.

With wheels only 60 atoms in size and a width more than 666,666,666 times smaller than a Formula 1 car, it might be hard to imagine driving, let alone racing, these tiny vehicles.

But this year the first two-day nanocar race will take place.

Teams will compete on a course made entirely of gold, painstakingly constructed atom by atom.

Extra atoms will be placed on the surface to act as obstacles which competitors will have to navigate around.

Roald Dahls Charlie and the Chocolate Factory has made millions of mouths water over the years, thanks to the authors vivid descriptions of quirky tastes and inventive sweets.

In reality, there arent chewing gums that taste like a three-course dinner just yet or fizzy pop that makes you fly.

But food manufacturers have been working on ways to change tastes and textures using molecular technology.

Nanotech has been used in food for many years emulsifiers in mayonnaise, for example but now scientists are looking at how it can be used to enhance nutrition and the aesthetics of common foods.

Australian bakery Tip-Top are using nanocapsules to add omega-3 oil to bread.

The capsules only open in the correct environment the stomach and so can bring the benefits of Omega-3 without the unpleasant taste.

Likewise, companies such as Nestle and Unilever are also researching nanocapsules to improve the texture of their food.

Though nano-techology cant do everything that science fiction has promised just yet, it is changing the world as we know it.

And the smaller we continue to go, the bigger the potential will be.

Josh Davies, PhD researcher, Cardiff University

This article was originally published on The Conversation. Read the original article.

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Nanotech making Willy Wonka candy and self healing robots - The Marshalltown

When Reality Is More Intense Than Psychedelics: Strand Of Oaks … – NPR

On his latest album as Strand of Oaks, Timothy Showalter embraces the highest and lowest points of his life with equal joy. Maclay Heriot/Courtesy of the artist hide caption

On his latest album as Strand of Oaks, Timothy Showalter embraces the highest and lowest points of his life with equal joy.

Timothy Showalter is a tough-looking guy with a beard, tattoos and a flat Midwestern accent, who's pretty open about taking drugs. He thinks a lot about where life is taking him.

"I read somewhere that the idea of joy, and to live a joyful life, is different than living a happy life," he tells NPR's Steve Inskeep. "Happiness is fleeting. Happiness is something that you're always going to reach for but you're never gonna quite get or be satisfied with."

For Showalter, who performs music under the name Strand of Oaks, "joy" is being fully engaged in life, whether it goes well or badly. His new album, Hard Love, deals with some of the highest and lowest points of his own life.

In the case of the song "Taking Acid and Talking to My Brother," Showalter says, he was reflecting on the lows: Two years ago, his younger brother John was stricken with cardiomyopathy, a disease affecting the heart's muscle tissue.

"When he was having dinner with my parents in Indiana, his heart completely stopped," he says. "My dad revived him to a certain point until the ambulance came, and they induced a coma. So I flew home and proceeded to sit with my family by my brother's hospital bed."

Within two weeks, Showalter's brother had made a miraculous recovery. But the suspense he experienced in the intervening time was consuming and the strain it put on him inspired the song's title.

"It has nothing to do with taking acid. Strangely, it's the only song on the record that may not have to do with stereotypical psychedelic experience," he says. "The reason why I called it 'Taking Acid' is because it's more psychedelic than any drug could ever give when you're put in a position of not being in any control, and knowing that you have absolutely no way to help.

"I remember my little brother's cell phone was still on [while he recovered]," Showalter adds. "I didn't read them, but occasionally he would get text messages from my dad saying that he loved him. ... That's this record! That's the idea of what hard love is. You have as high as it gets and as low as it gets."

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When Reality Is More Intense Than Psychedelics: Strand Of Oaks ... - NPR

It’s time for cyberpunk games to remember how to be punk – PC Gamer

At the start of the 1988 adventure game based on William Gibson's genre-defining cyberpunk novel Neuromancer, you wake up face down in a plate of spaghetti. Well, it's synth-spaghetti because this is the future, but that doesn't make it any more comfortable. Like the book's protagonist Case you're a down-and-out former console cowboy who has lost the ability to hack, though in your case it's not due to traumatic surgery but simple poverty. You can't afford a new computer. Hell, you can't even afford to pay for the spaghetti.

Author Bruce Sterling summed up the cyberpunk genre as a combination of low-life and high-tech, and that's a perfect description of both versions of Neuromancer. Later in the game you have the option to sell your internal organs for cash, and hack a computer at Cheap Hotelits actual nameto pay the rent. Your life is about as low as they get.

In 1993 Syndicate went in the opposite direction, casting you as the CEO in charge of a corporation bent on global domination. In Syndicate you're the villain at the top of the dystopian food chain.

While most of the games in the genre that followed explored spaces somewhere in between those two extremes, there's been a tendency for them to focus on the high-tech and not the low-life. They get the cyber, but not the punk.

Cyberpunk games are rarely about cool losers. They're usually about cool cops.

Take the heroes of the Deus Ex series. JC Denton is an augmented agent who works for a UN anti-terrorist organization. Alex D is an augmented agent-in-training at the Tarsus Academy with a bright future in the WTO, and Adam Jensen is the augmented chief of security for a biotech corporation. All of these characters go through learning experiences that show their employers are untrustworthy and their world is more complex than they thought it was, but they all start on the privileged side of the fence.

When low-life characters do show up, they're pushed to the periphery. Adam Jensen walks past some punks gathered around a bin-fire in the streets of Detroit so he can overhear a conversation about getting a dog cybernetically enhanced to take part in a pitfight.

In the Lower Seattle of Deus Ex: Invisible War, Alex D also meets two people huddled around a burning bin, one of whom is Lo-town Lucya pierced punk who provides some basic info on the area while reprimanding you for being an Upper Seattle tourist. She points out how out of your element you are in the poor part of town, but in doing so makes it clear you're out of place in the genre as well.

That's not to say that there are no cyborg badasses who learn the law isn't always right in cyberpunk outside of games. Robocop and Ghost in the Shell are both classic examples of this kind of story, but in video games characters like Murphy and Kusanagi aren't rarities. They're the norm.

The heroes of Crusader: No Remorse, Hard Reset, Final Fantasy VII, Binary Domainall are tough guys who learn the rebels and terrorists have a point. They're Armitage from Neuromancer, rather than that story's actual main characters: Case and Molly, the misfits.

Binary Domain is an on-the-nose example of a sidelined punk: a teen hacker with multicolored hair named Yuki who lives in the slums of Tokyo and works as a courier for the resistance. Because it's a video game the hero of the story is a white American with a big gun instead of her.

A rare counter-example is Remember Me from Life is Strange developer Dontnot, in which you do get to play the terroristwell, Errorist because it's the future.

Influential as it is, Neuromancer's not the only flavor of cyberpunk. Blade Runner gave us the archetype of the futuristic investigator forced to see a bigger, more troubling world beyond the next case. Since then, whether detectives like in Psycho-Pass or crusading journalists like in Max Headroom, plenty of cyberpunk stories have been about characters who attempt to solve crimes but stumble into more philosophical questions. Games like the Tex Murphy series, Technobabylon, Anachranox, Westwood's Blade Runner, and more recently Read Only Memories all fit into this category.

But even here, with shabby heroes who live in cramped apartments the order of the day, the low-lifes often get a raw deal. In Read Only Memories you see two punks named Starfucker and Olli and immediately accuse them of an unrelated act of vandalism and chase them down, after which you're given the option to call the police like some kind of tool of The Man.

If you dont you get to know them better and learn theyre not bad guys, but then they transition to comedy sidekicksthose two wacky guys!instead. They feel like a token inclusion, cast aside by the climax, when they deserve to be central.

Over time these tropes have been distilled into the core of the genre: all the imagery, with none of the messages.

In the end it turns out Starfucker and Olli are guilty of the vandalism you accuse them of. But still, it's rough to see the characters with mohawks and shades treated so roughly in a game that's all about evoking the classic retro cyberpunk feel. Like so many games Read Only Memories borrows visuals from Akira, but in Akira the biker gang are the heroes.

Recycling is an essential part of cyberpunk fiction, its cities full of repurposed junk given new life. The initial wave that followed iconic works like Neuromancer, Blade Runner, and Akira recycled too, using their conceits and visuals in new ways. Over time these tropes have been distilled into the core of the genre: all the imagery, with none of the messages.

One game where the malcontents and outsiders get to star is Shadowrun: Dragonfall. The Shadowrun series is an unlikely mash-up of fantasy and cyberpunk that exaggerates the cliches of each, where the dragon who demands tribute and the TV personality admired by millions are one and the same, Smaug cast as Max Headroom. Perhaps it's that exaggeration of the basic tropes that makes Shadowrun feel true to cyberpunk fiction, in spite of the elves.

Shadowrunners are hackers and spies who can be hired online, like Uber but for corporate espionage, and in Dragonfall your band of runners have a secret base under a market in the anarchist free state of Berlin. It's as much about protecting the societal dregs who are your neighbours, drug addicts and shifty coffee dealers, as it is about making money. Also, one of the party members is an actual punk, the former lead singer of a band with the wonderful name MESSERKAMPF!

Shadowrun: Dragonfall gets the heart of cyberpunk right. Quality punks.

Cyberpunk-adjacent games like this weirdly seem more likely to feature the most cyberpunk protagonists. Sci-fi horror games Bloodnet and Magrunner: Dark Pulse are perfect examples, even though they add vampires and the Cthulhu Mythos. The hacker heroes of Watch Dogs 2, Quadrilateral Cowboy, and Else Heart.Break() would all feel at home in glowing near-future cities even though their games are set in the modern day, the 1980s, and a fictional town in Sweden respectively.

As in movies like Sneakers, Hackers, and Inception, they're telling cyberpunk stories about how information wants to be free and unchecked power is real bad, just without the chromed-up settings.

Right now CD Projekt Red is working on Cyberpunk 2077, a game that promises to be so chromed-up we'll be able to see our reflections in it. Like Shadowrun it's based on a tabletop RPG, but this time one with a more purist visionMike Pondsmith's Cyberpunk 2020, in which players are cast as anti-corporate Edgerunners and where getting too many implants can cause cyberpsychosis.

The trailer for Cyberpunk 2077 features a member of MAX-TACcops who hunt those cyberpsychosarresting and recruiting a cyborg killer. But while the tabletop game has cops among its playable roles, it also features Netrunners, biker Nomads, and Rockerboys and Rockergirls who use the power of music to spread their political messages. It lets players emulate the gang members of Marc Laidlaw's '400 Boys' or the rockstars of Norman Spinrad's Little Heroes as well as Judge Dredd.

There's reason to hope the video game adaptation will follow suit and in doing so, get closer to the under-represented elements of the genre. In a promotional video for Cyberpunk 2077, Pondsmithwho is working with CD Projekt Red on adapting his gametalks about what he considers to be important in cyberpunk. It's not the technology, he says, it's the feel. It's getting that dark, gritty, rain-wet street feeling but at the same time getting that rock & roll, lost, desperate-and-dangerous quality.

Pondsmith goes on to quote one of Gibson's famous lines from the short story Burning Chrome: the street finds its own uses for things. Cyberpunk isn't just about the alienation that comes with future shock, or the questions about humanity raised by cybernetic enhancement and artificial intelligence. It's also about the way powerless people find strength and solace by repurposing the future for their own ends.

Gibson wrote that the street finds its own uses for things, not people who work for security agencies find their own uses for things.

The streets and their inhabitants are central to cyberpunk. It's the powerless who suffer most in the kind of authoritarian regimes cyberpunk fiction depicts, and games could do with getting back to the idea that the rebels, misfits, vandals, and people who can't afford a plate of spaghetti matter.

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It's time for cyberpunk games to remember how to be punk - PC Gamer

Less surreal, more cyberpunk but Prey’s first hour will get inside your head – VG247

Wednesday, 15 February 2017 12:14 GMT By Brenna Hillier

Prey isnt as weird as those early trailers suggested, but it is extremely cool.

In its opening minutes, Prey looks and feels very much like the modern Deus Ex series, with a similar sort of streamlined cyberpunk aesthetic.

Prey is not as weird as Id hoped based on its E3 2016 reveal trailer, but after playing through the first hour or so, Im gagging to see more.

A lot of talk about Prey is going to focus on its lineage; it comes to us from the same sprawling family as Thief, Deus Ex, System Shock, BioShock and Deus Ex. Arkane is home to some of the people who worked on those games, and if you had any doubts about its affection for and connection to the grandaddy of the immersive sim genre after Arx Fatalis, Dark Messiah of Might and Magic and Dishonored, the in-game Looking Glass technology ought to tip you off.

The more surface phenotypical features of this DNA are all there. For example, you can pick stuff up and throw it around if you want to, flush all the toilets you fancy, and even leave little damage decals on monitors if you press the attack key rather than the interact one when trying to check your email.

The demo is too limited to judge whether the systemic and emergent goodies of this family come through intact, but there are clues. The Gloo gun hints at an interesting combat sandbox which also doubles as environmental and traversal puzzle toolkit, and my discovery of a Nerf crossbow useless in terms of damage, but a silent method of acting on interactive objects at a distance suggests therell be opportunities for interesting stealth gameplay, too.

The opening sequence is a soft tutorial and largely linear, branching just once very slightly as you choose how to bypass a closed door, where a popup message informs you that later in the game youll encounter obstacles with multiple possible solutions and can choose your own path. This explicit promise of the old Looking Glass approach is more subtly echoed in the branching of the skill trees as well as the the many terminals, puzzles and routes Morgan cannot investigate in the opening sequence but must return to later in the game.

These familiar elements will almost certainly please genre fans, but flushing toilets, a crowded combat sandbox and freedom of playstyle are not enough to shift units. In its opening minutes, Prey looks and feels very much like the modern Deus Ex series, with a similar sort of streamlined cyberpunk aesthetic although its tempered by Arkanes distinctive character design. I couldnt help but suppress a sigh as I realised the environments were full of heavy objects Id be able to move once I bought a leg augmentation sorry, spent Neuromods in the appropriate tree. Your mileage will vary on that, but as Deus Ex: Mankind Divided so recently demonstrated, mass appetite for that kind of experience has diminished.

Prey gets more interesting when Morgan moves into the main environment the Transtar space station is clearly part of the same universe but lacks the pretty, frictionless future-urban look of Morgans apartment. The decor here instead favours corpses, combat damage and warren-like layouts that loop and interconnect, each packed with props, resources, story hooks and alien ambushes.

The first main objective is to reach the hub at the centre of the station, almost overwhelmingly riddled with doors over four levels. Most of these were closed off, but it was easy to see that players would be wandering back and forth between locations throughout the game, gradually exploring and unlocking the whole station; the maps found in most areas are going to be a lifesaver. This freedom of moment means theres no need to hoover up all the crafting materials Morgan finds around the place, which rapidly gum up her inventory, and a Metroidvania-style element means puzzles and secrets will reward those who return to past scenes.

As an example of this last point, theres a combination safe in one of the earliest rooms Morgan can access. Fresh from Dishonored 2s safe combinations, I dutifully scoured the room for clues, eventually putting together a grand conspiracy theory about the solution involving emails found on various terminals nearby and then giving it up in disgust when I couldnt make the numbers work out for me. Later I asked a PR rep about it, and she laughed: nobody in the office had been able to solve it, and an email from Arkane confirmed the solution was not available in the demo. Well, then.

The upshot of everything Ive said so far is that Prey seems like a decent enough game of the immersive sim lineage, promising a wealth of exploration, combat and throwing-things-at-other-things-to-see-what-happens in the finest traditions of the genre. (In case you were wondering, hitting an explosive gas canister with a wrench results in you being blown up. I checked. If anybody asks, it was on purpose. For science.) Without seeing more of the gameplay, the differentiating feature at this stage has to be the setting and plot.

Without spoiling the story, Prey presents a more straightforward narrative in the first hour than I had expected based on the initial reveal. Looking back on E3 2016, I think I made too much of director Raphael Colantonios promise of an immersive sim with a psychological twist. I should have paid more attention to the fact that the secrets hidden in the reveal trailer were pretty obvious, and to Bethesdas more matter-of-fact description of Prey as a game about being the first human enhanced with alien powers aboard a desolate space station under assault.

There is a nice twist right there in that first hour, but it was resolved by the end of the demo; I was disappointed by how every question I had was answered almost immediately. By the time I was finished I felt like I knew exactly what had happened on the station, identified an antagonist, and had an overall purpose. All very admirable in terms of video game storytelling goals, and even from the start it feels more cohesive than Dishonored (which for all its truly glorious lore does feel like a story stitched together from excellent level design). But not necessarily super compelling stuff to anybody versed in literate sci-fi, even with all the aliens and eyeball stabbing.

This is often the case in the first hour of a game, and the fact that Prey didnt leave me with a boatload of questions does not mean things wont get super weird later on. I cant help comparing it to BioShock Infinite, though; I remember spotting the glitching Lutece statue in those opening few minutes and feeling a building sense of excitement that here was something I didnt understand at all. I hope Prey can offer that same sense of mystery for all of us, and to satisfy my personal tastes I hope it goes off the rails so hard it ends up upside down, in another country and on fire.

Prey seems like a decent enough game of the immersive sim lineage, promising a wealth of exploration, combat and throwing-things-at-other-things-to-see-what-happens in the finest traditions of the genre.

Straight forward narrative and familiar immersive sim gameplay: a solid package but not mind-blowing. So what Im having trouble working out is why Prey has been nagging at my mind for the past week, while its close cousin Deus Ex: Mankind Divided has been gathering dust since about 20 minutes after release.

Partly I think its a product of the nature of the demo; we got a tantalising glimpse of the games possibilities without the opportunity to get to grips with them. The enemies through the demo were all the same type of grunt, for example, with another, more interesting type shown only very briefly and never engaged. The crafting and upgrade systems were available, but without enough resources on hand to put them to significant use. The story stood up and shook itself, and although the hairs settled back down straight away, theres the chance it could do it again or perhaps stand up and savage the cat.

I guess I want to play more Prey to find out if all these things, combined with the obviously solid bones it is built on, turn out to be as much fun as they could be. Thats a stickier start than most games manage.

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Less surreal, more cyberpunk but Prey's first hour will get inside your head - VG247

Words, Tweets and Stones in the "Political Correctness" Wars … – EconoTimes

Last year, a friend alerted me to an opinion article which included the unusual story of Tim Hunt, a Nobel-Prize winning chemist.

At a conference in Korea, Hunt ventured regrettably outside of his expertise. He complained that having young women in the lab was a distraction. Older men like himself tended to fall in love with them. Moreover, Hunt claimed that girls could not take criticism without crying.

For a great chemist, we see, Hunt makes an awful social commentator. What is striking about the story is what happened next.

The story, as they say, went viral on social media. Someone tweeted the remarks, or uploaded the video online. The next thing he knew, Hunt was being stood down from his role at UCL, Nobel-Prize-notwithstanding.

I found myself reminded as I read this of another unlikely story: the first novel of the Czech author Milan Kundera, The Joke. In this story, the main character vents his discontents with a Stalinist indoctrination camp in a mocking postcard to his girlfriend:

Optimism is the opium of the people! A healthy atmosphere stinks of stupidity! Long live Trotsky! Ludvik.

The Party censors intercepted the postcard, and did not find it amusing. Instead, Ludvik gets expelled from university and forced into military service in the mines.

To be sure, the comparison of the two stories is not perfect. Hunt was not sent to a labor camp, and the position he lost was honorary. So, unlike Ludvik, his material wellbeing and that of his family was not directly affectedonly his good name. Hunt was also not joking, as far as anyone could tell.

Tim Hunt, the chemist stood down by UCL for his comments about women and laboratories.

Nevertheless, Hunts story is far from singular in the age of social media.

All around the world, stories of academics, media figures or employees being stood down by their employers after having been subjected to a kind of instantaneous prosecution by social media seems to be one of the signs of the Neuzeit.

For critics on the Right, Hunts and comparable stories show the dark, illiberal heart of what they call political correctness: a censorious culture preventing people speaking their minds on anything to do with matters of race, religion or gender. Many of these same critics (and, on the other side, Bernie Sanders) have also pointed to Mr Trumps ostentatious disregard for such political correctness as one explanation for his 2016 catapult to power.

So whats going on behind the increasing frequency of cases like Hunts: of people losing their jobs for what they have said aloneeven, as in Hunts case, when the words in question neither reflect his professional expertise, nor target any particular individual? Are we entering a new period of social censorship, with dark historical precedents and echoes?

And what is rumbling away beneath the deep sense of grievance that underlies conservative commentators strident charges of political correctness against their opponents?

One role philosophy can play in such divisive debates is to try to clearly show each warring side the reasons of the adversary, and the paradoxes and problems within their own. Such, at least, is what Albert Camus proposed in the midst of the Algerian war in 1956. Camus attempt to restore a climate that could lead to healthy debate might today be tweeted with the hashtag: #tell-him-hes-dreaming.

But not all dreams are bad for being illusory.

Alls fair

For people labelled by conservative commentators as politically correct, their position looks quite different than the polemical tag implies.

What the Right calls political correctness describes the championing of a series of positions associated with the New Left. These positions hinge on the observation that the modern ideals of liberty, equality and fraternity are imperfectly enshrined in countries like Australia, the UK or the US.

Behind the advertised equality of all to trade, real material inequalities are produced and perpetuated, leading to deep divisions of class.

Behind appeals to equality of opportunity, gender inequality hasnt gone away. Its deep bases are revealed, amongst other places (continuing pay differentials also leap to mind) by the gendered nouns in public documents that for a long time simply excluded women from the franchise as in we hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men are created equal

Beneath the same language of equality, all-too-real inequalities exist between different ethnic and religious groups within pluralist societies like Australia. Lesbian and gay men and women for a long time faced laws that actively prohibited their forms of sexuality.

The New Left argument is that the cultural, economic and social discrimination against women, LGBT and non-anglosaxon members of our communities targeted them specifically on grounds of their belonging to those groups.

As such, it makes sense that a society which would redress these wrongs needs to legislate forms of positive discrimination, likewise targeting these groups specifically.

We should also educate for and enshrine new norms, attentive to the linguistic and other forms of discrimination that for far too long went without saying.

Given this reasoning, people of the New Left are likely to respond with outrage to the imputation that what they are promoting is a new form of waspish, quasi-Stalinist groupthink.

Their question is more likely to be: who could reasonably oppose these reforms, except people who still harbour older forms of prejudice, or feel threatened by the new forms of inclusivity the New Left has championed?

Camus held that philosophers could explain the reasons of adversaries in heated disputes, reopening possibilities of dialogue.

In love and war

There can be little doubt that many people who oppose progressive social reforms like marriage equality do so out of unavowed or avowed hostility to different minority groups.

Some of this group almost certainly are sympathetic to deeply illiberal political positions on the farther Right, and opposed to many of the social and immigration reforms that Australia has undertaken since the 1960s.

But not all people who contest these issues can fairly be so categorised. Many are deeply offended by any imputation that they are unreasonable, sexist, homophobic, racist or Islamophobic for defending conservative causes. Many base their positions on religious traditions with which they deeply identify.

And so we come to the first register of the political correctness charge. The argument goes something like this.

The impulses underlying forms of positive discrimination towards disadvantaged groups may be generous. Their flipside is a paradoxical intolerance towards everyone who disagrees with proposed policies or reforms.

This intolerance, critics allege, is manifest in a tendency to pathologise opponents: arguing as if they were all, equally and deeply flawed or bad people: racists, sexists, fascists, etc.

Rather than arguing the case against opponents of their positions, the politically correct silence them, critics claim. Or, in the age of social media, they spark campaigns that publicly shame them, even when their offences are not grave.

Enter Tim Hunt and company, if not Milan Kundera.

Certainly, there is a touch of the pot calling the kettle black about these complaints. For to call your opponents en bloc politically correct is hardly to celebrate their supple rationality and intrepid independence of spirit.

It remains true that any political sides demonising its opponents is a poor substitute for defeating them in open debate, predicated on a minimum of shared respect for the rules of the democratic game.

And so, the critics of political correctness point to cases on American campuses where activists have not let speakers from the Right speak at all, as opposed to engaging them in debate. For these critics, these shut-outs bespeak a campus craziness that threatens to close the universities to conservative viewpoints altogether.

Student rally against Breitbart News editor Milo Yiannopolos scheduled talk at Berkeley earlier this year.

The same critics point to the idea which has currency on some American campuses of trigger warnings surrounding potentially upsetting content for different potential audiences. Such warnings, and the attempt to create safe spaces in which no one could be triggered by upsetting contents, do not promote the free and open exchange of ideas on divisive issues, the critics charge. Debate is not won (or lost) this way. It is shut down before it can begin.

And this, the critics continue, is to give way too much power to wordswhich are not sticks and stones, even in the culture wars. It is also to under-rate the capacity of people to confront and debate difficult content, instead encouraging a culture of victimisation and ultra-sensitivity to verbal and vicarious harm.

Supporters of trigger warnings reply that it is very easy for privileged white males to decide what should and should not be open to free and open debate. Theyve been doing this for centuries.

It is surely for the people whose identities are at stake in potentially disturbing materialfor people of colour, for example, in a text on racial violencesto decide what is and is not disturbing to them.

Lefts and rifts, old and new

This last response points to the deeper philosophical fault-lines underlying the political correctness wars. The positions of the New Left can, and do, take two different kinds of justifications with very different philosophical credentials and histories.

For one, the defence of equal dignity for all persons, no matter from which ethnic, racial, class or gender they hail, is justified precisely by appeal to what is shared between them, regardless of their differences.

Martin Luther Kings famous line expressing the hope that one day, in America, his children will be judged by the content of their character, not the colour of their skin, is a powerful expression of this kind of justification of civil rights reform.

A second kind of justification for New Left positions is very different. This justification is not based in an appeal to common or putatively universal values.

It argues that the modern Wests ideals of liberty, equality and fraternity have, in their history, been used to justify such horrible intolerance and violences against Others that these ideals themselves can no longer be reasonably defended.

Indeed, it is to the extent that particular groups, different from the mainstream, have been unjustly excluded from the communities propounding these ideals that they should be celebrated, and their claims supported.

The preceding opposition, roughly, charts the difference between liberal or socialist, modernist forms of Leftist politics, and post-liberal, post-socialist forms of Leftist politics (roughly, post-modernism).

The modernists appeal to what different groups share is vulnerable to the charge of what Stanley Fish memorably called boutique multiculturalism. The boutique multiculturalist tolerates and defends the rights of minorities only insofar as their ways of living do not harm and discriminate against any others.

The moment that this other culture asserts discriminatory claims or practices illiberal rites (like female circumcision, for instance), this kind of multiculturalists tolerance runs out, and turns into its opposite. Why any of this implies that proponents of this position are in a boutique, Fish does not argue.

The second, postmodernist form of multiculturalism, which defends difference for differences sake, also has its own endemic paradoxes. If we support all different or Other groups on grounds of their difference, without further conditions, we soon find ourselves committed to supporting groups who are different from us, trulybut who express their difference by deep hostility to the kinds of toleration we are extending to them.

Stanley Fish, who coined the contentious term boutique multiculturalism

At this point, we either recoil back into a modernist position, inconsistently; or consistently bite the bullet and end up by supporting deeply illiberal, difference-hostile cultures.

Needless to say, the conservative commentariat have made hay over the last several decades by pointing up examples of this latter paradox, and its potentially disturbing corollaries. They have pushed it at times into extremely contentious claims about the New Lefts supposed support for forms of Islamic fundamentalism, and the like.

This is also where sweeping neoconservative claims about the New Left enshrining an adversary culture opposed to the entire Western civilization have made their way into magazines and opinion pages around the globe.

Inter alia

Let me finish by squaring the circle, and by highlighting that all opponents of political correctness do not identify as on the Right, although almost everyone on the socially conservative Right today probably identities themselves as being opposed to political correctness.

In fact, leading Leftist philosophers Alain Badiou and Slavoj iek have both presented scathing criticisms of the postmodern valorisation of difference and Otherness as a dead end for the Left.

What differentiates ieks criticisms of political correctness from those on the Right (I am going to be generous to him here) is that he thinks that, in several senses, political correctness doesnt go far enough.

Political correctness, iek charges, puts the cart before the horse, when it promotes codes of speaking and a series of polite, symbolic gestures respecting the Other which are not matched by real social changes.

Before we attend so closely to what people say, iek contends, we should first redress the real living conditions of disadvantaged people. Only then will what critics call politically correct ways of speaking no longer seem artificial and constrictive (as he thinks they do seem), and become the natural reflection of an expanded social contract.

Liberal American critic Mark Lilla, in a recent piece, has differently called for a post-identity liberalism. To win majorities in democracies, Lilla argues, the Left has to appeal to shared values. To build a platform around celebrating differences ends by dividing without conquering. This is what Hilary Clintons Democrats learned the hard way last year.

If the Democrats are to win back power, after four or eight years of Donald Trump, the politically correct attention to differences sans phrase will need to give way to a new language of shared struggles and ideals.

Stanley Fish might see such an opposition to postmodernist identity politics as a reversion to boutique liberalism. For Lilla, it is a matter of mathematics and hard-minded realpolitik.

Disclosure

Matthew Sharpe works at Deakin University, which is holding a public debate on "Political correctness, free speech in the age of Social Media" on the evening of 23rd February, featuring Peter Baldwin, Adam Bandt, Edward Santow and Maria Rae.

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Originally posted here:

Words, Tweets and Stones in the "Political Correctness" Wars ... - EconoTimes

‘Pokemon Go’ Special Items: Drop Rates for Evolution Items & Berries at Pokestops – Heavy.com

(Niantic)

Pokemon Gos latest update has opened up an entirely new playing field for trainers. Now you can find new special items, including evolution items, and use them to help evolve Pokemon. But just how rare are these items? What are their drop rates and where can you find them? Evolution itemsare used to evolve certain Generation 1 Pokemon into Generation 2. They can be used with candy or on their own. (See Heavys story on how to use the evolution items here.) In addition to the evolution items, players can also find new types of berries to help them catch Pokemon.

Heres what we know so far about the drop rates of these special items. Well update this story as more information is available.

The evolution items are: Metal Coat (to evolve Onix into Steelix and Scyther into Scizor), Dragon Scale (to evolve Seadra into Kingdra), Kings Rock (to evolve Poliwhirl into Politoed and Slowbrow into Slowking), Sun Stone (to evolve Gloom into Bellossom and Sunkern into Sunflora), and Up-Grade (to evolve Porygon into Porygon 2.)

In addition to the evolution items, we also now have two new berries: Nanab and Pinap. Nanab can slow the movement of a Pokemon and make it easier to catch. Pinap doubles the amount of candy you get from catching a Pokemon.Remember, with berries you can only useonetype of berry on a Pokemon when catching it.

So how do you get these new special items?

All special items, including the evolution items and the berries, can be obtained at Pokestops. But the drop rate for the evolution items appears to be pretty low when compared to the drop rate for the new berries. If youve been visiting Pokestops and havent received any special items yet (especially evolution ones), dont despair. As sometrainers are pointing out, the evolution items appear particularly rare. One trainer on Reddit, smokinapplepie, said he visited 20 different Pokestops and didnt get even one evolution item. And CosmicPrankster said he spun 50 Pokestops and got 10 new berries but no evolution items. However, a few lucky trainersare saying they only stopped at one Pokestop and got an evolution item on their first daily Pokestop spin.

The exact drop rates arent known yet, but it appears you are much more likely to get the new berries from Pokestops than the evolution items, which appear to be prettyrare in most cases. Some trainers have reported having better luck finding evolution items once they hit their seven-day Pokestop streak. So you might pay attention to whether you get a special item when you hit this pointorwhen you do your first daily spin of the day. Let us known in the comments below if you notice a pattern.

Pokestops arent the only way to get special items, however. Some level-up rewards also include Pinap and Nanab berries. It remains to be seen if evolution items will also come from other locations.

We will update this story if drop rates become known for specific evolution items.

Trainers are reporting finding Unown in Pokemon Go and are sharing photos. Are their finds authentic?

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'Pokemon Go' Special Items: Drop Rates for Evolution Items & Berries at Pokestops - Heavy.com

Pokmon Go Eevee evolution: How to evolve Eevee into Umbreon, Espeon, Vaporeon, Jolteon and Flareon with new … – Eurogamer.net

A hidden reference to the TV show allows you choose the way Eevee evolves, Gen 2 included!

By Matthew Reynolds Published 16/02/2017

How to evolve Eevee has proven to be one of the bigger talking points in Pokmon Go so far.

In the classic Pokmon games, Eevee can evolve into different typing varieties based on the use of special items, its happiness level, moves it has available and even the time of day.

With the addition of Candy in Pokmon Go, the way you evolve Pokmon is much simpler, and as such, you cannot use the tried-and-tested method of using one of three elemental stones to turn Eevee into Flareon, Jolteon and Vaporeon. (Some are better than others depending on the situation - find out which you should get first with our Best Pokmon in Pokmon Go page, and our Pokmon Go Type Chart for their relative strengths and weaknesses.)

Once you have caught enough Eevees to evolve one - our pages on finding Pokemon by location, finding which Pokemon hatch from which eggs and locating Pokmon nests near you can help - a neat trick discovered by fans of the game on Reddit will get you the evolution you need.

Worth checking, too, is our page on the best Pokmon in Pokmon Go, seeing as Umbreon and Espeon in particular are pretty strong new additions with Gen 2!

If you choose to evolve Eevee without any meddling - by feeding it 25 Eevee candy - then it'll turn to one of the above five types at random. However, users have discovered a trick that allows you to target any of Espeon, Umbreon, Flareon, Jolteon or Vaporeon, by renaming it in one of the following ways:

Why Sakura, Tamao, Sparky, Rainer and Pyro? The original three are the names of the Eevee brothers from the Pokmon television show, who meet with Ash and the gang in episode 40 to show off their respective Eevee evolutions, with Sakura and Tamao appearing later on in the series:

Once you have called your Eevee into one of the above names, you should quit and reload the app to double check the name change has taken place, which is important considering the servers can lean to be on the unreliable side.

Once you've double checked the new name is indeed in place, then evolve the Eevee as you would any other Pokmon by feeding it Candy, and it should take the form of your chosen type.

You can see the trick in action below - and once you're done, you might be interested in reading about other secrets and Easter eggs in Pokemon Go too:

Note that while plenty of users have had success with this method - and that it's been confirmed by developer Niantic itself at this year's San Diego Comic Con - there are a handful of cases where it hasn't worked every time. Some say the trick will only work on the first time you evolve the creature, while others might have caught fowl of server issues not renaming their successfully first time, so be sure to check before you try.

Want more help with Pokmon Go? Read our Pokmon Go tips, tricks, cheats and guides for insights on how to improve your skills, including triggering the Eevee evolution with names for Umbreon, Espeon, Vaporeon, Jolteon and Flareon, distances for both hatching Eggs at 2km, 5km and 10km and for the Buddy system, where to find Pokmon Go nests in London and beyond, as well as recent updates including new baby Pokmon, finding Ditto and the the seasonal Valentine's Day event update. Finally, there are pages on Gen 2 additions like the new Pinap and Nanab Berries and how to use them, all of the new evolution items: the Metal Coat for Steelix and Scizor, the King's Rock for Politoed and Slowking, the Dragon Scale for Kingdra, the Sun Stone for Bellossom, and the Up-Grade for Porygon2.

If you want to get your hands on one of Eevee's many other evolution in Pokmon Go, you can't just yet.

Unfortunately you can't get all of these evolutions in Pokmon Go right now.

Pokmon Go has added 80 new Johto Pokmon, but that's still only Gen 1 and Gen 2 - in other words, the original creatures from Red, Blue, Yellow, Gold, Silver, and Crystal - which means Eevee can only evolve into Umbreon, Espeon, Flareon, Jolteon and Vaporeon for now.

It'll be interesting to see how game expands to cover more creatures in time, and if so, if there are any tricks required to access these other types.

More here:

Pokmon Go Eevee evolution: How to evolve Eevee into Umbreon, Espeon, Vaporeon, Jolteon and Flareon with new ... - Eurogamer.net

University of Pittsburgh guest speaker discloses evolution findings – UTA The Shorthorn

In the Life Science Building, Martin Turcotte, University of Pittsburgh evolutionary ecology assistant professor, explained how many contemporary theories and literature focus on ecology affecting evolution or evolution affecting ecology. Turcotte has set out to prove that both affect each other reciprocally instead of independently.

This research can have a financial impact on the farming industry as well as implications throughout other scientific fields.

Turcotte focuses on evolution in a smaller period of time, which is much less focused on by the scientific community. He defines these shorter time periods as 12 generations of organisms or less.

There are several examples of rapid evolution that many long-term evolution-based models dont effectively explain, he said. For 100 years, the Atlantic Cod became much smaller in size because of fishing. Rapid evolution can happen outside of human interaction, such as the lynx population and evolution in America changing between 1850 and 1950 based on hare population.

Turcotte tried to answer three questions with his research: Does rapid evolution drive population dynamics in nature?, Do ecological and evolutionary processes influence each other? and How does rapid evolution affect species interaction?

Turcotte answered his first question by using an insect called the green peach aphid. This creature is a sap-sucking parasite that feeds on more than 130 types of plants.

The green peach aphid reproduces both clonally and sexually over a short time, making it ideal for testing evolutionary change in an experiment, he said.

He put 20 cloned aphids on one plant versus 10 aphids from one clone group and 10 from another.

I spent a whole summer in 100-degree weather lifting leaves and clicking a clicker, he said.

In the first experiment, Turcotte found the mixed group of aphids evolved about 35 percent faster than those that cloned themselves.

This result changed when he put bags over the plants, eliminating outside factors. In this experiment, both groups evolved at the same rate.

What Turcotte hypothesized was some herbivore ate part of the plant, causing a higher population density. Under these conditions, he predicted the mixed group would fare better than the single clone group.

His findings seemed to prove this in both caged experiments and experiments in greenhouses, he said.

These findings also answered his second question as a smaller plant affected evolution.

For his third question, he set up an experiment in a greenhouse. He tested evolution for 20 aphids in one clone group versus 60 in another group. He found the group of 60 evolved faster because of increased competition due to population density.

Turcotte also found different clone groups become dominant based on certain conditions. On a farm-raised crop, a certain group may be dominant while another group may be dominant on the wild counterpart of that plant.

Biology senior Nafi Dewan attended the colloquium for his class and explained the class gets visits from weekly speakers from different parts of America. He is intrigued by the different research that speakers are doing and how they are applying their findings.

Biology graduate student Asad Rizwan also attends the event for one of his classes. He now has a better understanding of his classes and how the content he learned in class is applied to the field.

@FornariLoL

news-editor.shorthorn@uta.edu

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University of Pittsburgh guest speaker discloses evolution findings - UTA The Shorthorn

Pokmon Go Dragon Scale – how to evolve Seadra into Kingdra and how to get the Dragon Scale – Eurogamer.net

Evolution method for the new Gen II Pokmon Kingdra, and how to get the Dragon Scale.

By Chris Tapsell Published 16/02/2017

Gen 2 is finally here and with it come not just new Pokmon, like Kingdra, but new items like the Dragon Scale, too.

That, in turn, means new methods for evolution: the Dragon Scale was used for evolving Kingdra in the main Pokmon games by having it hold the item when being traded - a mechanic that's not in Pokmon Go at all as things stand.

So with that in mind, how do you evolve Seadra into Kingdra, and likewise how do you get the Dragon Scale in Pokmon Go? The answers to all that can be found below.

Seadra's evolution into Kingra back in the main series of Pokmon involved a somewhat convoluted process. Not only did you need to find yourself a Dragon Scale for the evolution, you also needed to find yourself a trading partner, because Seadra had to be traded whilst holding the item in order to evolve.

Now, in Pokmon Go, things are a tad easier. You'll still need a decent chunk of Candy to evolve Seadra, but there's no need for the trading partner - you simply need to get your hands on a Dragon Scale and evolve your Seadra from the same in-game menu as you would any other Candy-based evolution.

Want more help with Pokmon Go? Read our Pokmon Go tips, tricks, cheats and guides for insights on how to improve your skills, including triggering the Eevee evolution with names for Umbreon, Espeon Vaporeon, Jolteon and Flareon, distances for both hatching Eggs at 2km, 5km and 10km and for the Buddy system, where to find Pokmon Go nests in London and beyond, as well as recent updates including new baby Pokmon, finding Ditto and the the seasonal Valentine's Day event update. Finally, there are pages on Gen 2 additions like the new Pinap and Nanab Berries and how to use them, all of the new evolution items: the Metal Coat for Steelix and Scizor, the King's Rock for Politoed and Slowking, the Sun Stone for Bellossom, and Up-Grade for Porygon2.

With the evolution method itself relatively simple, the only other question is where to find yourself a Dragon Scale in Pokmon Go.

Well, it's mostly down to chance: Dragon Scales are found from Pokstops, and as things stand there's no way to increase your chances of earning one from them.

That means your only option is to don the walking boots and get out there, spinning as many Pokstops as possible. Head for the more densely-popualted areas like cities and towns if you can, as Pokstops will be more frequent there, but otherwise there's little more too it than getting stuck into the grind!

See more here:

Pokmon Go Dragon Scale - how to evolve Seadra into Kingdra and how to get the Dragon Scale - Eurogamer.net

‘Pokemon Go’: How to Evolve Gloom Into Bellossom – Heavy.com

Pokemon Go is available for iOS and Android devices. (Niantic)

With the latest update toPokemon Go,Gloom can now be evolved intoBellossom, a second generation Pokemon.

This comes as Niantic has added over 80 new Pokemon to the free-to-play mobile game. In addition to being able to catch new creatures in the wild, you can also evolve some existing first generation creatures into new types of Pokemon.

In order to evolve Gloom intoBellossom, you will need 100 Oddish candy. You will also need a special evolution item called a Sun Stone; these evolution items have been added toPokemon Goas of the February 16th update, and they are required to evolve some generation one Pokemon into generation two Pokemon.

Like all of the evolution items, Sun Stones can only be obtained by visiting PokeStops. They arent given out too often, so youll just have to keep visiting PokeStops and hope youre lucky enough to get a Sun Stone.

Once you have the Candy and the Sun Stone necessary, head on over to your Gloom and click the pink evolve button. Youll notice that there are two evolve buttons here: the top one evolves Gloom into Vileplume, while the second evolves it intoBellossom.

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'Pokemon Go': How to Evolve Gloom Into Bellossom - Heavy.com

‘Pokemon Go’: How to Evolve Slowpoke Into Slowbro or Slowking – Heavy.com

Pokemon Go is available for iOS and Android devices. (Niantic)

With the newPokemon Goupdate, bothSlowbroandSlowkingare now available.

In a massive February 16th update to the free-to-play mobile game from Niantic, players can catch generation two Pokemon out in the wild, but they can also evolve their existing generation one Pokemon into generation two Pokemon.

One of those generation one Pokemon that has a new evolution isSlowpoke; in fact,Slowpoke can now evolve into eitherSlowbro or Slowking.

To evolveSlowpoke intoSlowbro, all that is required is 50Slowpoke Candy. To evolveSlowpoke intoSlowking, however, you both need50Slowpoke Candy and an item called aKings Rock.

AKings Rock is one of several new evolution items added to Pokemon Goon February 16th, and you can only obtain it by visiting a PokeStop. Its one of many possible items you can get from a PokeStop, so youll just have to keep visiting more and more of them until youre lucky enough to come across aKings Rock.

OneKings Rock is needed for each Slowpoke evolution;the evolution item is discarded immediately after you use it.

You may be wondering how you can decide whichSlowpoke evolution you want to get. Well, the game gives you two separate evolution buttons, as you can see in the screenshot below via Reddit. The button on top is Slowbro, and the button on bottom isSlowking, so simply obtain the necessary items, press the evolution button, and youll get your desired second generation Pokemon.

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'Pokemon Go': How to Evolve Slowpoke Into Slowbro or Slowking - Heavy.com

‘Pokemon Go’: How to Evolve Poliwhirl Into Politoed – Heavy.com

Pokemon Go is available for iOS and Android devices. (Niantic)

With the latest update toPokemon Go,Politoed is now available.

Politoed is, of course, a second generation Pokemon that evolves from Poliwhirl. Getting your hands on aPolitoed wont be an easy process, though, as you first have to rack up 100Poliwhirl Candies.

As you can see in the screenshot below, theres one other item you need in addition to the candy:

That item there is called a Kings Rock, and its one of several evolution items that have been added to the game in the February 16th update. In order to evolvePoliwhirl intoPolitoed, you need both the 100Poliwhirl Candy and the one Kings Rock.

Kings Rock can only be obtained through visiting PokeStops. The evolution items dont appear to be given out too frequently, so youll have to just keep visiting PokeStops and collecting items in hopes of being lucky enough to come across a Kings Rock.

The Kings Rock can also only be used for a single use, and so once you evolve aPoliwhirl, the Kings Rock you utilized will be gone forever, and youll have to go back to PokeStop spinning if you want another one. Kings Rock can also be utilized to evolve Slowpoke.

As you can see in the screenshot above, from thePoliwhirl screen, there are two separate evolution buttons: one to evolve into Poliwrath, and one to evolve into Politoed. The former only requires 100Poliwhirl Candy, but the latter requires both the candy and the Kings Rock.

Read the rest here:

'Pokemon Go': How to Evolve Poliwhirl Into Politoed - Heavy.com

EU wants ethical standards for robotics | Business | DW.COM | 16.02 … – Deutsche Welle

Members of the European Parliament on Thursday urged the European Commission to propose rules on robotics and artificial intelligence (AI) with a view to fully exploiting their economic potential and guaranteeing a standard level of safety and security.

Parliamentarians noted that regulatory standards for the use of robots were currently being planned in several nations. They argued that the EU needed to take the lead on setting such standards so as not to be forced to follow those set by third countries.

They also emphasized that draft legislation was urgently required to clarify liability issues, especially for the use of self-driving cars. MEPs suggested a mandatory insurance scheme and a supplementary fund "to ensure that victims of accidents involving driverless cars are fully compensated."

Pooling of expertise

A resolution on the topic, which was passed by 396 votes to 123 on Thursday, urged the Commission to consider creating a specific legal status for robots in the long run in order to establish who was responsible, if they caused damage.

MEPs pointed out the growing use of robotics also raised ethical issues to do with privacy and safety.

The suggested the EU executive create a European agency for robotics and artificial intelligence to supply public authorities with technical, ethical and regulatory expertise.

hg/sgb (AFP, EP)

Continued here:

EU wants ethical standards for robotics | Business | DW.COM | 16.02 ... - Deutsche Welle

Robotics competition launches careers in tech – Delmarva Daily Times

PRANAV PAPALI, COLUMNISTS 6:19 p.m. ET Feb. 16, 2017

The Tec Tigers meet weekly at Parkside High School to work on designing and building robots for competition.(Photo: submitted image)

Young people are a crucial element to building the community of Salisbury. To drive their success, programs involving STEM(science, technology, engineering, math) expose them to real-world applications.

The Wicomico County Robotics Team, the Tec Tigers, enables high school students to engineer a robot (tasked with completing certain actions) in addition to acquiring new skills in leadership, teamwork and programming.

It is a nonprofit after-school club dedicated to developing students into engineers. Three separate robotics programs are available to students, who may choose to compete in one of three platforms.

These programs award participating high school students with scholarships. This year, two of the programs are offering a total of $50 million in scholarships.

Colleges around the world have recognized the skills high school students acquire through FIRST robotics (the nonprofit organization that coordinates the robotics competitions).

READ MORE: Students time travel to learn about STEM

Each program presents the team with a different challenge.

For example, robots must complete tasks such as launching projectiles, hanging on bars, grasping objects and much more to score points in a match.

All three robotics programs require the team of students to create a computer model of the robot, program the robot and construct the robot. All teams are also required to record their progress in an engineering notebook.

By using the notebook, students are able to effectively use the design process, record the goals and accomplishments for each meeting, and include the progressive development of their robot through drawings and computer aided design, or CAD, models.

Mentors are present to advise and guide students during their engineering process; however, the teams are student-led.

The team was initially begun by two teachers who work at Parkside High School, David and Jenny Miles, in 2010, in response to a lack of STEMactivities available for high-schoolers in the area.

The Tec Tigers meet at Mr. Miles engineering classroom at Parkside. Each year, approximately 30 students join the Tec Tigers (most of whom are returning members).

READ MORE: UMES dedicates STEM education building

Since the establishment of the team, 94 percent of the teams alumni have attended college, 75 percent of whom are majoring or have majored in STEM-related programs.

We joined the Tec Tigers in 2016, so this is our first year as members. The team provides an outlet for us to embrace our passion for robotics, enriching us with new knowledge on a daily basis.

Not only does the Wicomico County Robotics Team help us to build our resumes, it primarily gives us exposure to the engineering field.

This is why the team is significant in developing the next generation of engineers and leaders.

Funds needed to maintain and supply the team are provided through grants, fundraising, and sponsors. Sponsors for the team include NASA, The Bank of Willards, Chesapeake Pediatric, Peninsula Allergy and Asthma, First Shore Federal Savings and Loan, and others.

In addition, our team members and mentors organize fundraisers throughout the year.

We would like to give a special thanks to all the mentors who guide the Tec Tigers: Tom Mader, Missy Mader, Franklin Reyes, Thomas Ayres, Kraig Ames, James Culp III, Holly Hatton, David Miles and Jenny Miles.

With more support from our community, we can keep the Tec Tigers thriving for many years to come.

Pranav Papali is a junior and Pritika Papali is a sophomore at Salisbury Christian School.

READ MORE: Cape robotics advances to world championships

Read or Share this story: http://www.delmarvanow.com/story/opinion/columnists/2017/02/16/robotics-engineering-technology-education/97959622/

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Robotics competition launches careers in tech - Delmarva Daily Times

Mother Nature may not always know best when it comes to robotics – Geektime

Researchers R.Thandiackal and P.Ramdya Photo Credit: NCCR Robotics

New research reveals that the way an insect walks may not be the best option for insect-inspired robots

Roboticists often look to nature to help inspire their designs and provide solutions to efficiency issues. However recently published findings by a Swiss research collective show that insect-inspired robots can actually move more quickly along the ground using a non-biological gait.

Insects naturally use a type of locomotion referred to as a tripod gait, meaning they always have three of their six legs on the ground two on one side of the body and one on the other. In the past, robotics engineers have automatically mimicked this type of movement when designing six-legged robots, but now thanks to The National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) Robotics, the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL) and the University of Lausanne (UNIL), theyll have an even better option a bipod gait.

Through a multitude of computer simulations, practical robotic testing, and experimentation on the common fruit fly, researchers discovered that while the tripod gait was the most effective movement method for six-legged creatures with adhesive pads at the ends of their legs to use while scaling vertical surfaces, the bipod gait proved a faster and more efficient locomotion option for hexapadal ground walkers.

Photo Credit: NCCR Robotics

In an NCCR Robotics statement, Pavan Ramdya co-lead and corresponding author of the study explains, Our findings support the idea that insects use a tripod gait to most effectively walk on surfaces in three dimensions, and because their legs have adhesive properties. This confirms a long-standing biological hypothesis. Ground robots should therefore break free from only using the tripod gait.

So thanks to science, we now know that insect-inspired robots moving along the ground are at their fastest and most efficient while using a paradigm-busting bipod gait. But what kind of real-world ramifications will such a discovery lead to?

NCCRs Dr. Linda Seward gave Geektime an example concerning the companys rescue robots robots sent into post-natural disaster areas too dangerous for human workers to enter saying that by creating improved walking robots that are robust and able to navigate quickly over uneven surfaces . . . [those] robots can reach those in need faster and concentrate rescue missions towards where theyre needed.

Essentially, something as seemingly minor as a gait pattern matters quite a bit when time is a factor and lives are at stake.

Concerning the bigger picture, who knows how many assumptions that natures way is the best way to design robots could also be proven incorrect? We need to make sure we test and confirm (or disprove) hypotheses instead of falling into the nice, comfortable assumption trap. These findings serve as a good reminder to never stop questioning and never stop testing.

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Mother Nature may not always know best when it comes to robotics - Geektime

Wagging Tails Help Robots Communicate With Humans – IEEE Spectrum

I have no idea what my Roomba is doing most of the time when it runs. Its vacuuming, I know that, but sometimes it just sits there for a little bit, or slowly swivels back and forth, or does something else that doesnt seem (strictly speaking) vacuuming related.This isnt as much of a problem for Roombas specifically, but for robotics in general, it can be: If robots are badat communicating whats going on with them, itll be harder for people to accept them in our daily lives.

One thing that lets humansinstantly grasp the abstract internal state of other humans is we look at each others faces. Now, as you can imagine,giving robots human faces can lead to other problems. The good news is were also hardwired to perform this intuitive abstract internal state reading trick on some other expressive living things, like dogs: When we look at a dogs tail, we get an indication of whether its happy or not. It turns out that we can do the same for robots, as long as you can give them a tail.

A few years ago, University of Manitoba undergraduate student Ashish Singh and professor James E. Young decided to investigate whether people could accurately interpret the feelings of a Roomba with an actuated, fluffy tail that it could wag like a dog. The Roomba doesnt have feelings, of course, but acting happy could mean that all systems are okay, while sad could communicate a problem andtired could mean a low battery state. In results published in 2013, they found out that it works:

Plus, your floor gets an extra dusting!

The useful component of emotional interfaces is in how easily, and quickly, people can interpret them,Young told us.As social beings, we are very experienced at quickly reading emotional states, which provide us coarse-grained insight into the state of others. And while he said theyinitially considered many alternatives, a dog-like tail seemed to be a nice, clear choiceeven people without dogs or cats may be able to read some tail motions, so we decided to formally investigate that.

Young added that one of the goals of the project was exploring the notion ofperipheral awareness.With a dog tail that projects a robots state, you could be preparing dinner and just see the robot going by from the corner of your eye, he said. That would let you quickly know how the robot is doing, whereas a screen would probably requiretraining to understandand sound would be intrusive.

When they started, the researchers werent sure how readily people would be able to read emotions from a robot with a tail, and it wasnt clear how consistent this would be across a diverse group of people (if at all).Results of the study showed that people have no trouble reliably reading emotional states from a robotic tail. The researchers checked to see whether study participants had pets of their own, and it turned out not to make a difference at all: Whether or not you are (or ever have been) a dog owner, you can still understand what different kinds of tail wagging mean.

The results were so consistent, in fact, that the researchers were able to create a set of design guidelines that formally map out exactly what tail motions youd use to communicate. Want your robot to express disdain? Thats a continuous vertical wag at medium speed. Want it to seemed overwhelmed? Trysome high speed circular wagging.From awed to modest to joyful to astonished, there are specific tail motions that a robot can use to communicate.Any current robot that works with people, including factory transport robots, emerging domestic robots, even collocated utility robots such as the PackBot, could benefit from this,Young said.

After the tailed Roombaproject,Youngs group haslooked at how a tail might work on a humanoid robot, and it has also done more in-depth experiments with different varieties of robot communication, like how drones can alter their motion paths to show that theyre tired or excited. All of this research is available at the labs website linked below, along with guidelines for expression using a tail, just in case youre ready to add one to your robot.

[ A Dog Tail for Robots ] via [ University of Manitoba HCI Lab ]

Special thanks to@grok_ and @Straithe!

IEEE Spectrum's award-winning robotics blog, featuring news, articles, and videos on robots, humanoids, drones, automation, artificial intelligence, and more. Contact us:e.guizzo@ieee.org

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Wagging Tails Help Robots Communicate With Humans - IEEE Spectrum

Chart: Are Robots Replacing High-Cost Workers? – Seeking Alpha

Much of the debate around the rise of robotics technology is how it could displace workers in the manufacturing sector around the world. In the chart below, we show the robot density (number of industrial robots per 10,000 manufacturing workers) for major manufacturing countries. We also include the average compensation cost per hour for manufacturing workers in each country.

Intuitively, one would believe that countries with higher labor costs would have greater robot density, as robots would present a more cost-efficient alternative to high-cost labor. We found, however, that many higher labor cost countries in Europe have comparatively low robot density, which could be representative of protectionist labor or manufacturing policies, or a slower than expected adoption of the robotics technology.

Developed Asian countries like Korea, Singapore, and Japan, however, have demonstrated a much higher than expected adoption of robotics technology given their lower labor costs, presumably as those countries have placed a greater emphasis on maximizing global competitiveness.

Sources: International Federation of Robotics, World Robotics Report. Data as of 2015. The Conference Board, International Labor Comparisons. Data as of 2015.

This material represents an assessment of the market environment at a specific point in time and is not intended to be a forecast of future events, or a guarantee of future results. This information should not be relied upon by the reader as research or investment advice and is intended for educational purposes only.

The information contained herein has been provided to Global X by an unaffiliated third party. Global X cannot guarantee the accuracy or completeness of the information and assumes no responsibility or liability for its incompleteness or inaccuracy.

Global X Management Company, LLC serves as an advisor to the Global X Funds. The Funds are distributed by SEI Investments Distribution Co. (SIDCO, 1 Freedom Valley Drive, Oaks, PA, 19456), which is not affiliated with Global X Management Company, LLC.

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Chart: Are Robots Replacing High-Cost Workers? - Seeking Alpha

High school’s new robotics team makes quarterfinals – The Killeen Daily Herald

KILLEEN The clock is ticking. The robots methodically move back and forth across the floor pushing items over the metal bar.

It is the VEX Starstruck competition and every second counts.

Copperas Cove High School is new to robotics competitions but held its own against teams from throughout the region at a contest hosted at Shoemaker High School, said teacher and robotics coach Tim Smith.

Our robotics team has been working on the robot since last November, Smith said. This is our first time to compete in VEX Robotics, and many of the other teams have been working on their robots since the end of last school year. We made it to the quarterfinals before being eliminated.

Rounds were two minutes long with the first 15 seconds being autonomous mode during which the robot must run by program only. The final one minute, 45 seconds were student-driven.

The programming necessary to run autonomously was a real challenge, but, we made it work, sophomore C.J. Penman said.

Robots had to be able to take plastic stars and bean bags and place them on the other side of a 21-to-26-inch-tall fence through the center of the field similar to a volleyball game.

CCHS teacher Ken Barnetts welding class built a practice field for the robotics team to hone its skills.

My favorite part of competing is working in the pits, repairing the robot and making sure it is at its best for upcoming rounds, said junior Ryan Laumand.

The robots maneuvered on a 12-foot playing surface while teams guided them through various engineering challenges. Top teams advance to regional events and ultimately to the world championship.

I was extremely proud of my team. We worked hard and were acknowledged by other teams for our efforts. We competed with larger teams with far more experience and still made it into the quarterfinals, Smith said. We are looking forward to next years VEX challenge, which should be released sometime around May of this year.

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High school's new robotics team makes quarterfinals - The Killeen Daily Herald