CU Boulder’s Ellison Onizuka remembered aboard space station – Boulder Daily Camera

A soccer ball originally packed onto space shuttle Challenger in 1986 is now orbiting the Earth on board the International Space Station, 31 years later. The soccer ball was signed and presented to NASA astronaut Ellison Onizuka by soccer players including his daughter from Clear Lake High School, near NASA's Johnson Space Center. It was recovered following the space shuttle's fatal explosion. (NASA / Courtesty photo)

Lt. Col. Ellison Onizuka

More than 31 years after University of Colorado graduate Lt. Col. Ellison Onizuka lost his life on the space shuttle Challenger, his spirit is being remembered aboard the International Space Station, by way of a soccer ball from his daughter's former school.

It's a ball that, like Onizuka himself, had once been destined for space, before fate intervened.

According to NASA, when Onizuka and six other astronauts launched from the Kennedy Space Center on Jan. 28, 1986, he carried several items with him. One item on board was a soccer ball, which had been signed and presented to him by soccer players including his own daughter from Clear Lake High School in Houston, which his daughter attended and is located near NASA's Johnson Space Center.

Following the catastrophic explosion of the Challenger 73 seconds after launch, killing everyone on board, that soccer ball was recovered and returned to the high school. It has been displayed there for the past 30 years.

However, Clear Lake Principal Karen Engle recently learned of the story behind the ball, and soon after, ISS Expedition 50 Commander Shane Kimbrough whose son attends the same school offered to take a school memento to the space station. Engle suggested that the memento should be the soccer ball.

It's there now, and Kimbrough sent out a picture of it with this tweet from his account on Feb. 3: "This ball was on Challenger that fateful day. Flown by Ellison Onizuka for his daughter, a soccer player. @Clear_LakeHS. #NASARemembers."

Word of the ball in space has reached Onizuka's sister, Shirley Matsuoka, at her home in Captain Cook, Hawaii.

"I think that's great something that was recovered and, you know, went up into space again," Matsuoka said.

She still has great pride in what her brother accomplished in his 39 years.

"I remember him as one that really tried be on top, and would do anything to get ahead," she said. "We think he did great."

One of those connected with CU who remembers Onizuka best is Robert Culp, professor emeritus and former chair of the Ann and H. J. Smead Aerospace Engineering Sciences department.

"I was his adviser for both his bachelor's and his master's degrees in that department and knew him very well at that time," Culp said. "He was one of those students who came in to see me several times a week. He liked to sit and talk about the aerospace industry. At that time, he was really more interested in airplanes than space."

Culp said Onizuka secured both degrees in the same year a rarity. A difficult feat.

"I can still remember when we got the phone call" about the loss of the Challenger, said Culp, who lives in Northglenn. "We were just trying to finish up something. I was going to run down to the television room where we had the launch on live, when I got a call from a colleague at the University of Texas and he told me what had happened. It was a shock, and it occupied us for quite some time. Lots of people liked to talk about Ellison."

Onizuka had some CU memorabilia with him on the Challenger such as a CU flag and football now on display in the CU Heritage Center as well as more important items with local connections. There were several CU payloads and experiments on the Challenger, including the Spartan Halley satellite, which was to be released from the shuttle to gather data on that comet, as well as a sophisticated camera system with which to capture images of the comet from inside the spacecraft.

Culp had not heard that the Clear Lake soccer ball had made it onto one NASA launch, much less a second, these many years later.

"He had never mentioned it when I was in touch with him," Culp said. "I guess he had a number of things he had taken up there, and that was just one that I had never heard about.

"I think it's very nice that they took it back up there. It helps to keep Ellison's name on people's minds. You don't want him to ever be forgotten. He was such a wonderful person."

Charlie Brennan: 303-473-1327, brennanc@dailycamera.com or twitter.com/chasbrennan

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CU Boulder's Ellison Onizuka remembered aboard space station - Boulder Daily Camera

Scientists Are Sending a Lethal Pathogen to the Space Station This … – Gizmodo

On Saturday, February 18th, a SpaceX Dragon capsule will shuttle a superbug into space that kills more Americans each year than emphysema, HIV/AIDS, Parkinsons Disease, and homicide combined: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, more commonly known as MRSA. Its on behalf of a study conducted by NASA and biomedicine company Nanobiosym, but I cant help but feel like this was Elon Musks idea for a science fiction spec hes working on.

To be fair, theres a valid reason to send this particular strain of bacteria into space. On Earth, MRSAwhich physically manifests like a bad staph infection on a persons skinis resistant to many penicillin-related drugs, including methicillin. The idea is that by sending MRSA into microgravity, where theres reason to believe it may mutate faster, we can improve our understanding of how the deadly bug develops resistance in the first place.

Microgravity may accelerate the rate of bacterial mutations, Dr. Anita Goel of Nanobiosym, whos leading the study, told Space.com. If we can predict future mutations before they happen, we can build better drugs.

This is far from the first time bacteria have been sent into space for the purpose of developing better treatments. Such experiments trace back to 1960, when a Russian satellite ferried disease-causingE. coli, Aerobacter aerogenes, and Staphylococcus into space, only to find that these bacteria could in fact survive in microgravity, according to the Washington Post. Since then, several strains of bacteria have been sent off Earth for observation, in some cases increasing their resistance to antibiotics, or altering their growth patterns.

In 2006, microbiologist Cheryl Nickerson sent salmonella aboard the Atlantis Space Shuttle to see how it would react in microgravity. After the salmonella was returned to Earth for further examination, Nickerson found it was killing mice at an abnormally fast rate. So yeah, not great.

Hopefully, this experiment will bring us closer to a cure for MRSA. As for the safety of the astronauts aboard the ISS right now, NASA assures us the bug will be kept at a high level of containment.

And maybe if were lucky, Elon Musks shitty sci-fi movie will never get made.

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Scientists Are Sending a Lethal Pathogen to the Space Station This ... - Gizmodo

Spaceflight legislation passes House, Senate votes – The News (subscription)

WOODBINE The Georgia Spaceflight Act has been approved by the state House and now heads to the Senate for consideration.

The Senate companion bill was also approved, by a 49-2 vote, and now heads to the House for consideration.

State Rep. Jason Spencer, R-Woodbine, the bills sponsor, said he was encouraged by the support in both houses of the General Assembly.

The significance is that it sends a clear and resounding message that Georgia is ready to welcome commercial space industry-related jobs, he said.

The legislation requires companies in the business of launching rockets in Georgia to train their employees so they understand the risks associated with space flight. Workers in the space flight industry in Georgia will waive the right to sue the companies they work for unless gross negligence can be proven, he said.

The legislation, if approved, will help the efforts to establish a commercial spaceport in Camden County. An ongoing Federal Aviation Administration environ- mental study at the site is expected to be completed later this year.

During discussions about the legislation, Spencer said a lobbyist hired by opponents unsuccessfully tried to block the proposed bill.

The lobbyist and Little Cumberland Island property owners spent a heavy sum of money to try and stop these bills, Spencer said. So far, by my calculations based on last years and this years ethics disclosures, the opposition has spent about $5,000 per no vote for a total of $35,000 paid to lobbyists.

Spencer cautioned the process is not over and we will continue to beat them back and stay vigilant.

Both bills have crossed over and each chamber will review the respective House and Senate bills. Spencer said he expects one of the bills will pass and be sent to Gov. Nathan Deal for his consideration.

Spencer said he expects opponents to continue their fight to kill the legislation.

So far, they are mismatched and spending a lot of money to lose, he said. But we take nothing for granted.

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Spaceflight legislation passes House, Senate votes - The News (subscription)

Former resident named candidate for Canadian Space Agency astronaut – Canora Courier

Tim Haltigin, the former Canora area resident who is in the running to become a Canadian astronaut, credits much of his journey to the Canora Composite School, his fellow students and their teachers.

Tim is one of a special group of young people fostered by CCS teachers who had encouraged competition and achievement, his mother, Linda Osachoff, said last week when asked about her son having been named one of 70 astronaut candidates selected by the Canadian Space Agency (CSA).

Astronauts are modern-day explorers, said information on the CSA website. They courageously travel beyond the Earth to help acquire new scientific knowledge. Their courage and determination are an inspiration to many.

Despite their unique journeys, astronauts have a few things in common: an academic background in science or technology, excellent health and outstanding qualities and skills, the information said.

Born in Toronto, Haltigin was raised in Canora from nursery school until his graduation from CCS. Now living in Saint-Constant, Que., with his wife Melissa Triottier and two daughters, Nora, 5, and Sasha, 3, he obtained a bachelor of science degree in environmental geography from Concordia University, a masters degree in geography (fluvial geomorphology) from McGill University and a Ph.D in geography (periglacial geomorphology and comparative planetology) from McGill. He is the senior mission scientist for planetary exploration for the CSA.

Readers of the Courier read about Haltigin in September when he was about to take part in the first NASA-led mission that will bring asteroid material to Earth. Heis part of the team which launched the satellite Origins Spectral Interpretation Resource Identification Security Regolith Explorer (OSIRIS-REx) on September 8 in order to take a sample of matter from the asteroid Bennu. The satellite consists of a camera system named OCAMS, a thermal emission spectrometer named OTES, a visible and infrared spectrometer known as OVIRS, an X-ray named REXIS, and the laser altimeter known as OLA, of which Haltigin is the mission manager.

The satellite will reach the asteroid in July of 2018 and use OLA to measure the shape and surface of the asteroid, which is 492 metres in diameter and spins like a top, according to Haltigin. The laser altimeter will take about a billion different measurements in order to find an area that is safe for the spacecraft to take a sample. Once an acceptable spot is found, the satellite will collect between 60g and two kg of dust and small fragments from the surface of the asteroid and should return with the sample in September of 2023.

As the senior mission scientist for planetary exploration with the CSA, I get to work helping Canada find new and different ways to understand the evolution of objects in the solar system, he said, adding that he gets to plan Canadian contributions to future missions, and to design and run student exercises that help train the next generation of Canadian planetary scientists and engineers.

Becoming an astronaut represents two of the values I hold most dear: the constant pursuit of knowledge and using that knowledge to inspire those around you, he said. Essentially, the job description is to learn how to do awesome things and then share it with people afterwards.

I have always loved taking on new and exciting challenges, whether in science, sports, or music. Not only have I benefitted greatly from all of the experience I've gained, but I've particularly appreciated the opportunities I've had to share my work and hopefully help out a few people along the way.

Astronauts are modern-day explorers, the CSA website says. They courageously travel beyond the Earth to help discover new scientific knowledge. Their courage and determination are an inspiration to many. Their unique experience helps advance scientific research and technology development.

Canada's active astronauts support space missions in progress and prepare for a future mission by taking extensive training, it said. They mainly work at NASA's Johnson Space Center in Houston, Texas. However, they return to Canada periodically to participate in various activities and encourage young Canadians to pursue their education in STEM fields (science, technology, engineering and mathematics).

Growing up at the time he did, most boys had wanted to be a superhero or a space guy, his mother said. He was interested, in the way lots of young people are: with boundless enthusiasm.

Tim showed a lot of qualities at a young age, she said. He was focused; academically, in sports and in music. He was a team player with friends and family.

Osachoff said that the first time she had noticed an interest that could have led to his desire to become an astronaut was one time when he had come home from university in Montreal and he had stood aside, with his head looking straight up at the beautiful winter sky for about 15 minutes.

But, it had started with his interest in water and geography, which opened many channels, she said, shaking her head at the thought of the many theses that she had been asked to proofread for her son.

Hisfirst research had focused on the study of malaria, but eventually he had decided to switch degrees to geography, and studied rivers and trout habitats.

While completing his masters degree, some friends of his entered a contest held by the European Space Agency. Teams were instructed to determine how scientists could find water on Mars, and Haltigins friends asked him to join in. Their team eventually travelled to Barcelona, Spain for the finals, and the professor organizing the team asked Haltigin if hed like to pursue a PhD on the nature of Mars.

He then did research up north, Osachoff said, referringto her sons research that had led him to make nine expeditions beyond the Arctic Circle in order to compare the conditions of the land and climate to Mars. The expeditions were funded by the CSA, which allowed him to make contact with people involved in space research, and just before graduating, he decided to apply for work in the agency.

Asked how his grandparents, the late Evelyn and Bill Osachoff, might have received the news of their grandsons pursuits, Linda said that they had been very close to him and were a part of his upbringing.

Tim had qualities early that indicated that he would be able to do anything he had wanted, she said, adding that her son remains very humble and thanks his blessings for his opportunities.

Having spoken to her son recently, Linda said that he had told her that no matter what happens, he has become a better person with the self examination, rigorous training, both mental and physical, and for having met many peers across the country.

Asked how she feels, thinking that one day she may very well be looking at the sky, knowing that her son is out there beyond the Earth, and Linda said she vacillates between pride and panic.

After all, that is the final frontier, she said, adding that she was reminded that at a recent family get-together around a bonfire, Tim had his daughter on his lap and together they were looking at the sky. He was pointing out to her the satellites and the International Space Station as they had moved across the sky.

When Tim had asked his mother for advice regarding his possible selection as an astronaut, Linda said she had told him to remember the music festivals.

Focus on your unique skills, dont over prepare and save the thunder for the final performance, she had told him.

Tim is a great communicator. Hes down to earth, a sound guy and a joker, she said, adding that as he works with the CSA, he will be on speaking tours.

Osachoff is currently the CEO of Crossroads Credit Union in Canora. She and her husband Alfredo Converso operate La Compangna Bed and Breakfast near Mikado.

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Former resident named candidate for Canadian Space Agency astronaut - Canora Courier

A Liftoff Deferred: SpaceX Mission From NASA’s Historic Launch Pad Delayed – NPR

SpaceX's Falcon 9 rocket is prepared Friday for a launch at the Kennedy Space Center in Florida. Launch Pad 39A, one of the renovated space shuttle launch pads that SpaceX leases from NASA, has been the site of many of NASA's most famous liftoffs. Bruce Weaver/AFP/Getty Images hide caption

SpaceX's Falcon 9 rocket is prepared Friday for a launch at the Kennedy Space Center in Florida. Launch Pad 39A, one of the renovated space shuttle launch pads that SpaceX leases from NASA, has been the site of many of NASA's most famous liftoffs.

Updated at 10:25 a.m. ET

Poised on the brink of ushering in a new era, NASA's historic launch pad in Florida will need to wait another day for its milestone. At the last minute, the private space company SpaceX scrubbed its Saturday launch, which would have marked the first time the Kennedy Space Center's Launch Complex 39A was used in over half a decade.

Instead, the launch will wait at least 24 hours while SpaceX takes a "closer look at positioning of the second stage engine nozzle," an anomaly that came to light shortly before liftoff. The company plans to try again on Sunday.

Taken on its face, the launch itself is not particularly notable. Naturally, it's no mean feat to send a rocket to space, but missions like this one happen all the time. The International Space Station needs provisions, after all, and the 5,500 pounds of supplies and materials for scientific experiments would be a common (if still impressive) load for a resupply mission.

Rather, the liftoff now scheduled for Sunday is making history not for its cargo but precisely where it will be taking place: the pad that served as the launch site for the Apollo 11 mission that first sent humans to the moon in 1969.

In fact, Launch Complex 39A served as a pad for many of the most famous missions in NASA's history from the first missions to space that packed a human crew, to the decades-long space shuttle program that helped construct the orbiting station SpaceX's rocket will be supplying.

As NPR's Rae Ellen Bichell reports for our Newscast unit, the SpaceX mission marks something of a sea change for the historic launch pad:

"According to NASA, this will be the first time the launch pad has been used since the shuttle program ended in 2011 and it will mark the beginning of a new era for the Kennedy Space Center as a spaceport open for use by public and commercial missions to space."

SpaceX, a privately owned space company, is sending its NASA cargo and the Dragon spacecraft that bears it with a Falcon 9 rocket. In a statement, NASA says SpaceX also plans to attempt to land the first stage of the Falcon 9 back on a platform, as it did during its successful launch last month.

NASA also explains some of the experiments this launch will be supporting:

"Science investigations launching on Dragon include commercial and academic research investigations that will enable researchers to advance their knowledge of the medical, psychological and biomedical challenges astronauts face during long-duration spaceflight.

"One experiment will use the microgravity environment to grow stem cells that are of sufficient quality and quantity to use in the treatment of patients who have suffered a stroke. A Merck Research Labs investigation will test growth in microgravity of antibodies important for fighting a wide range of human diseases, including cancer."

According to NASA, the mission will also aid in recording "key climate observations and data records."

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A Liftoff Deferred: SpaceX Mission From NASA's Historic Launch Pad Delayed - NPR

‘Hidden Figures’ and the true NASA stories behind the movie – CNET

The women who helped pioneer space travel have rocketed into the public eye thanks to the acclaimed movie "Hidden Figures". We spoke to NASA's chief historian to learn more about the remarkable true story of these pioneering mathematicians, engineers and computer scientists, and to explore how the film dramatises their struggles. (Beware of some minor spoilers.)

Based on the book by Margot Lee Shetterly, the Oscar-nominated "Hidden Figures" focuses on the lives of three black American women who worked at the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA), later renamed NASA.

Katherine Johnson, played in the film by Taraji P. Henson, was a brilliant geometry expert who worked as a computer -- that is, a person who computes. Mary Jackson, played by Janelle Monae, was a mathematician and aerospace engineer. And Dorothy Vaughan, played by Oscar-nominated Octavia Spencer, was the first black supervisor at NACA and one of the first computer programmers.

Octavia Spencer, Taraji P Henson and Janelle Monae star as the pioneering women who helped send America into space.

NASA's chief historian, Bill Barry, explains that the film, which has been nominated for a slew of awards, depicts many real events from their lives. "One thing we're frequently asked," he says, "is whether or not John Glenn actually asked for Katherine Johnson to 'check the numbers.'" The answer is yes: Glenn, the first American in orbit and later, at the age of 77, the oldest man in space, really did ask for Johnson to manually check calculations generated by IBM 7090 computers (the electronic kind) churning out numbers at Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland.

Though the film shows Glenn asking for Johnson's approval from the launch pad, she was actually called in well before the launch. Calculating the output for 11 different variables to eight significant digits took a day and a half. Her calculations matched the computer's results exactly. Not only did her conclusions give Glenn and everyone else confidence in the upcoming launch, but they also proved the critical computer software was reliable.

The painting seen here on the "Hidden Figures" set actually hung on the walls of NACA and NASA.

To add to the accuracy of the film, NASA consulted on the film's script, answering questions and providing photographs, documents and films for the filmmakers. NASA even loaned a few items for use as props in the movie. For example, look out for the painting on the wall of NASA's offices (pictured here over Kevin Costner's shoulder).

That painting was part of a series depicting the history of flight from Icarus to the 20th century, which actually hung on the walls of the real Langley Lab in the NACA days. The paintings were in storage and in need of restoration when they were loaned to the movie and placed on set in Atlanta as a link to the real offices.

The film compresses the sequence of real events to set the story around 1961, when Glenn's first mission took place. "If the film was a documentary, many of the events would have been spread out over the late 1940s through the early 1960s," says Barry. For example, a lot happened in 1958, the year NACA became NASA: Mary Jackson qualified as NASA's first black engineer, Katherine Johnson joined the newly formed Space Task Group, and segregation ended.

In real life, the head of the Space Task Group was a man named Bob Gilruth. Unlike the fictional character played by Kevin Costner, he didn't dramatically take a crowbar to a restroom sign.

"Desegregation of bathroom and dining facilities happened gradually and quietly over the 1950s at Langley lab," explains Barry. Langley lab was a federal facility but was located in Virginia, which had state-mandated segregation. "There was some tension between local and federal 'rules' on this issue," says Barry.

Segregation effectively ended when specialised workers were distributed among offices and facilities instead of being grouped together in pools. The segregated West Computing Unit, which comprised African-American women, was eliminated in the spring of 1958.

Women like Johnson, Jackson and Vaughan blazed the trail for America in space and for black women back on Earth. From the hidden figures of the past to the scientists and engineers of today, you can go to NASA's website to meet the diverse range of extraordinary people with their eyes on the stars.

"Hidden Figures" is in cinemas in the UK this weekend. The Oscars take place on 26 February.

Solving for XX: The industry seeks to overcome outdated ideas about "women in tech."

Tech Culture: From film and television to social media and games, here's your place for the lighter side of tech.

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Every geek movie we're excited about in 2017

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'Hidden Figures' and the true NASA stories behind the movie - CNET

NASA’s Next Frontier Is Washington – The Atlantic

Only one presidents name came up during the new Congresss first hearing about NASA this week: John F. Kennedy.

This makes sense. The House Committee on Science, Space, and Technology gathered on Thursday to discuss the past, present, and future of NASA, as the name of the hearing suggested, and no president was more instrumental in shaping that past than Kennedy. There was no surprise when one congressman from Colorado reminded the panelists at the hearing that Kennedy chose to go to the moon in this decade and do the other things, not because they are easy, but because they are hard.

The hearing served as a curtain-raiser for the next steps in U.S. space policy, a way for the political and scientific communities to begin the discussion about where NASA may be headed under the Trump administration and a Republican-controlled Congress. NASA is at a bit of a crossroads, just like the last time someone new moved into the White House, waiting to hear a mission statement from on high. For many Americans, Kennedys words remain the guiding principle for the kind of work the space program should be doing. But NASAs Apollo-era budget accounted for 4.5 percent of the federal budget, while todays budget is less than half a percent. Plus, theres no Cold War driving national pride to make those tax dollars seem worth it.

Lawmakers that handle space policy are aware of this reality. It is very difficult to explore a universe of infinite wonder with a finite budget, Brian Babin, the Republican congressman from Texas who chairs the Space Subcommittee, said Thursday.

But that doesnt stop lawmakers from interrogating NASA folks about when theyre going to get the big stuff done. Many members at the hearing wondered when, exactly, Americans would be flying to Mars. Two congressmen from Colorado held up bumper stickers with photos of the Red Planet and the year 2033 in big letters. One asked whether NASA could shave off a year and make it 2032.

Jim Bridenstine, the Republican from Oklahoma considered to be the frontrunner for the next NASA chief, brought up Chinas recent lunar missions, and said the moon is critically important to the geopolitical position of the United States. There were some half-hearted grumbling about Russia, too. Don Beyer, a Democrat from Virginia, asked the panelists what would happen if the budget for NASAs earth-sciences division were eliminated, which studies climate change, apparently amused that his Republican colleagues hadnt mentioned it.

The paneliststwo Apollo astronauts, a former director of the Goddard Spaceflight Center, and the chief scientist under the Obama administrationall said that NASA could use some more cash. But lawmakers, they said, should also help figure out where they want that cash to go. Trumps advisers are considering a robust human spaceflight program that would return Americans to the moon by 2020, and want NASA to focus less on deep-space exploration and more on cislunar activity. Earlier this week, the acting administrator of NASA announced the agency would look into the possibility of putting a crew on the first flight of the Space Launch System, something it hadnt planned to do until the second flight.

These potential changes mean speeding up timelines and moving around money, potentially draining some departments to nourish others. Tom Young, the former Goddard director, argued that NASA is doing too much with not enough resources. I believe that if we continue on the current course with the multiple paths that were on and the current budget, the committee hearing that will take place 10 years from now will say, What a disappointing decade we had, he said. And that well be negligibly closer to landing humans on Mars than we are today.

NASA stands to get some legislative clarity. Lamar Smith, the Texas Republican who chairs the House Committee on Science, Space, and Technology, said recently hes hopeful that Congress will pass the NASA Transition Authorization Act in the coming weeks. The bill lays out the agencys long-term goals, and specifically cements human exploration of Mars as a top priority. Congress hasnt passed similar legislation since 2010. That legislation, a compromise between Barack Obama and lawmakers, ended a human-exploration program Obama considered too costly and approved the construction of the Space Launch System that lawmakers said would preserve thousands of jobs.

The proposed bill wouldnt prevent Trump, or future presidents, from deciding to shift NASAs focus. Trumps name did not come up at this weeks hearing, but everyone in that room must be anxiously waiting to hear what he has to say. His policies could reshape NASA for years to come. Who knows what the space-themed bumper stickers of the future will say?

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NASA's Next Frontier Is Washington - The Atlantic

NASA Tests Plane-Guiding Tech to Shorten Your Next Flight – WIRED

Slide: 1 / of 1. Caption: Kevin Phillips/Getty Images

Its near the end of a long flight. Youve been stuck in the middle seat for hours, elbowed by your neighbors, left starving by an airline that stopped offering meals years ago. At least, you think, its almost over. Until the pilots voice comes through the speakers: Hey folks, things are a bit gummed up on the ground, so were gonna do another loop before touching down. The misery continues.

But not for much longer. This month, the FAA and NASA are running a series of trial flights aimed at making airport arrivals far more efficient. Its just one part of NextGen, the FAAs decades-long, $35 billion overhaul of Americas aging, inefficient air traffic control system. By 2030, the idea is to address each phase of flight, from preflight prep to arrival, introducing modern planning software, digital instead of voice communication, and GPS-based position-reporting over imprecise radar-based tracking.

Today, air traffic controllers use radar data to guide aircraft in to land, talking the pilot through the process. The problem is that because radar data is impreciseand because voice communication between humans introduces delaysgreater spacing between airplanes is necessary, says NASA project manager Leighton Quon. Revamping the system for moreprecise tracking and faster communication should allowfor a smaller safety buffer between airplanes.

This will create more efficient flight patterns, save fuel, and improve on-time arrivals, Quon says. And cut down your time in the middle seat.

The core of the new system is an on-board GPS receiver and data transmitter known as ADS-B, which can broadcast an aircrafts position to other aircraft and ground controllers with far greater precision than radar. The setup, already on many business and private aircraft, will be required on commercial airplanes by 2020, mostly to communicate their positions to nearby aircraft, as a safety measure. Folding in the approach management element, Quon says, is a bonus.

The pilot, instead of chatting with an air traffic controller, will follow automated directions beamed to a so-called electronic flight bag. Thats essentially an iPad with navigational software, which communicates with the airplanes onboard systems and updates the flight crew with confirmations that theyre hitting their scheduled approach parameters (or not). These new tools will help controllers manage the approaches to the extent that excess spacing can be minimized, Quon says.

To test this whole thing out, teams from the FAA and NASA put together what they call ATD-1, for Air Traffic Management Technology Demonstration-1. Theyre flying a Boeing 757, a Honeywell business jet, and a Boeing 737 around Grant County International Airport, about 120 miles east of Seattle. The planes, each carrying the necessary tech, will run simulated approaches, so the folks in charge can see what works, and what needs work.

So far, the tests, which could run through February 28, have been successful, Quon says. The GPS-based technology is handily guiding airplanes in from cruise altitudes at 35,000 feet, all the way through descent, and then to their final approaches. The new way of doing things cant touch down soon enough.

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NASA Tests Plane-Guiding Tech to Shorten Your Next Flight - WIRED

NASA’s Juno spacecraft will stay in its long orbit for the remainder of its mission – The Verge

On Friday, NASA announced that it Juno spacecraft would remain in its current 53-day orbit of Jupiter for the duration of its mission. The decision is a new setback for the spacecraft, which was scheduled to shift to a shorter, 14 day orbital schedule.

This isns the first time that Juno has run into issues orbiting Jupiter. In October, NASA delayed an orbit around the planet due to a pair of helium check valves not working properly. While the spacecraft has since completed two additional orbits the latest was on February 2nd the missions planners were concerned that another main engine burn could result in a less-than-desirable orbit, explained Rick Nybakken, Juno project manager at NASAs Jet Propulsion Laboratory.

The change means fewer orbits of the planet

Junos 53-day orbit is highly elliptical, taking the spacecraft within 2,600 miles of the atmosphere to five million miles away, which helps the spacecraft minimize its exposure to the planets radiation belts. In a shorter orbit, the spacecraft would have completed 33 orbits. The decision to keep Juno in its present orbit will help reduce the chances of something going wrong, but it also means that Juno will be able to conduct fewer orbits. The next flyby is scheduled to take place on March 27th.

Despite the change, NASA noted that it will be able to do some additional work that wasnt originally planned, such as exploring the planets magnetosphere. The decision to keep Juno in its current orbit will also limit its exposure to Jupiters radiation. This is significant, Scott Bolton, Juno principal investigator from Southwest Research Institute in San Antonio explained, because radiation has been the main life-limiting factor for Juno.

Currently, Juno is scheduled to fly through July 2018 for 12 additional orbits, and mission planners will evaluate extending its life. Once the mission is over, the spacecraft will be de-orbited and will burn up in Jupiters atmosphere to avoid any potential contamination of the Jovian moons.

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NASA's Juno spacecraft will stay in its long orbit for the remainder of its mission - The Verge

Congress May Shift Climate Research Away from NASA – Scientific American

Lawmakers are remaking NASA in order to leave parts of the agencys earth science program untouched but remove its climate change research.

Its still unclear exactly how lawmakers plan to transform NASAs mission, but Republicans and Trump administration officials have said they want the agency to focus on deep-space missions and away from climate change research, which is a part of its Earth Sciences Division. That has created uncertainty about the fate of the Earth Sciences Division, which accounts for about $2 billion of NASAs $20 billion budget.

At a House Science, Space and Technology Committee hearing yesterday, Chairman Lamar Smith (R-Texas) said he wants a rebalancing of NASAs mission. The lawmaker told E&E News he wants the agency to reprioritize its mission because the Obama administration cut space exploration funds.

Specifically, that could mean NASAs work on climate change would go to another agency, with or without funding, or possibly would get cut. Smith and other Republicans avoided laying out specifics but acknowledged that earth science at NASA would likely face some significant changes in the near future.

By rebalancing, Id like for more funds to go into space exploration; were not going to zero out earth sciences, he said. Our weather satellites have been an immense help, for example, and thats from NASA, but Id like for us to remember what our priorities are, and there are another dozen agencies that study earth science and climate change, and they can continue to do that. Meanwhile, we only have one agency that engages in space exploration, and they need every dollar they can muster for space exploration.

A reauthorization bill could pass the Senate as soon as today and would allow President Trump to introduce a fiscal 2018 budget request that could allow the administration more input on NASA, Smith said.

The Earth Sciences Division at NASA is far broader than climate change and provides invaluable weather information relied upon by businesses across the globe. Earth science has been an essential part of NASA since its inception, and the division collects data from satellites, analyzing it and distributing it to government agencies, universities and the public. NASA currently has more than a dozen earth science satellites in orbit studying oceans, the atmosphere and the biosphere, and more are planned in the coming years. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, which is where some Republicans want climate change research to be centered, does not have the same ability to develop the satellites that monitor the planet.

The earth science budget at NASA has been flat for more than 20 years, said Ellen Stofan, the agencys former chief scientist. She said NASA builds satellites that study the oceans, agriculture, the weather and other key facets of everyday lives.

NASAs earth science program is critically important, and I would remind people that the technologies that come out of the investments in the earth science program spawn new industries, she said. The earth science program is an investment in this country, and it returns benefits to all of us every day.

Rep. Don Beyer (D-Va.) said he expects that climate research could be targeted by Republicans in the budget reauthorization, especially since previous Republican proposals called for shifting climate change away from NASA to U.S. EPA or other agencies. But that just included moving the responsibilities of the NASA climate work to EPA without any extra funding, he said. Beyer said its clear that the GOP is targeting research because it doesnt like the information it imparts, and that he expects it will soon come after NASAs climate change work.

I think its entirely possible, with unitary power from a party that doesnt think climate change is real, or if it is real, we cant do anything about it, he said.

A number of the witnesses at the House committee hearing, most invited by Republicans, expressed a desire to increase NASAs push toward deep space and manned missions. Harrison Schmitt, an Apollo 17 astronaut and a former Republican senator from New Mexico, criticized the agencys direction under President Obama and said the agency should be focused on space.

Many of the things NASA does are really in the purview of other agencies, and I think that ought to be examined very closely by this committee, which has responsibility for several agencies, not just NASA, Schmitt said. Just because you start to focus on the moon, Mars or deep space doesnt mean these programs have to go away; they can be taken under the umbrella of other agencies, and that ought to be looked at very carefully.

Rep. Jim Bridenstine (R-Okla.), who confirmed that he is the running to become NASA administrator, said he is open to moving part of the earth science study out of the agency and into NOAA, or even swapping a few programs between the two agencies. He was generally supportive of the earth science but did not commit to keeping climate research at NASA.

I support earth science; it is critically important for us as a nation to understand what is happening on our own planet, so I think there is broad consensus, bipartisan, that earth science is important, he said.

The changes to NASA are likely not going to be introduced in the reauthorization bill that will come soon, but could be introduced in the near future, said Bob Walker, a former Pennsylvania Republican congressman who drafted the Trump administrations space policy and is actively involved in the deliberations.

I think we will probably have the earth science programs under this authorization maintained exactly where they are, so the question, then, is whether or not you then have accepted a bifurcated NASA mission profile that in the past has consigned us for three decades of not moving humans out of low-Earth orbit, he said.

Walker said the direction of NASA can be changed in the near future, particularly if the Trump administration or a national space council wants a renewed focus on deep space.

Reprinted from Climatewire with permission from E&E News. E&E provides daily coverage of essential energy and environmental news at http://www.eenews.net.

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Congress May Shift Climate Research Away from NASA - Scientific American

Denver artist Kacena tapped by sister to design NASA patch for Rodent Research IV mission – The Denver Post

When Denver resident Doug Kacena was a freshman at the University of Colorado Boulder in 1994, his older sister, Melissa, asked for a favor.

I needed a whole bunch of hands to take measurements of bacteria every two hours, recalls Melissa Kacena, who was working on her masters degree at the same school.

The bacteria project wound up on Space Station Mir and Kacena went on to get her Ph.D. in aerospace engineering at CU Boulder and did post-doctoral work at Yale University. The younger Kacena? He dropped out of the molecular cellular developmental biology program to major in art. Hes now a ground-breaking abstract artist who recently challenged traditional artists to give him paintingsso he could paint over them.

More than 20 years later, Melissa Kacena asked her brother for another favor.

The siblings reunited ona project that is headed for space on Saturday. Melissa Kacenais currently in Cape Canaveral, Fla., prepping 40 micefor a trip to the International Space Station. Theyll be studied as part of a bone recovery experiment. She tapped herbrother to design the official patch for the teams space mission, the Rodent Research IV.

Doug Kacena

It was an incredible honor to be asked to do it, said Doug Kacena. I did it before anyone had a chance to rethink it.

Embroidered patches with personal stories have been a part of NASAs history since 1965. But most patches dont make it into the public eye or even NASA space stores andno one seems to know how many patches exist.

I would estimate about 200 to 250 total, and that doesnt take into account the patches designed by the customers (military, commercial and NASA) that rode on those launches, saidRobert Pearlman, editor at collectSPACE, which is full of key moments in space history.

The space agency lets mission participants design their own patches for team-bonding purposes, according to Bill Barry, NASAs chief historian. ButNASA only keeps track of patches fromofficial trips, which include all manned missions, shuttle launches and select others or about 160 since the first patch was used in 1965. NASA makes the taxpayer-funded designs available to the public, so anyone can create one. NASA prefers to stick to its blue and white logo.

NASAs view is that multiple images dilute the brand, Barry said. We use the NASA logo for all communication purposes.

But Barry understands the affinity for space mission patches.

When I was a kid back in the 60s, I had a complete collection of all the Apollo mission patches, Barry said. And I was crushed when I learned as an adult that they werent real. The crew-sized ones were bigger.

NASA

The custom began in 1965 with the Gemini 5. Astronauts Gordon Cooper and Charles Conrad were preparing for an eight-day orbit around Earth and wanted a Conestoga wagon and stenciled on the side, 8 Days or Bust, said Barry. Both of those guys were fun-loving characters. Lets put it that way.

NASA didnt want to risk criticism if the mission was shorter or longer than eight days. They approved the patch, but not the wording. That was covered up by a piece of white cloth. And from then on, space mission patches became a thing as long as NASA gave its approval.

But unofficial patches dont have to follow any guidelines since they are not used for official NASA communication, Barry said. There could be multiple patches for the same launch if multiple parties are involved.

Private companies like SpaceX and United Launch Alliance have made their own mission patches.Other government agencies that have launched satellites also have created patches, including the elusive U.S. National Reconnaissance Office.Theories abound as to what the secretive satellites were intended for, with mystery patches to boot. One patch for the NROL-35 mission has a purple-haired wizard holding a trident and ball of fire. Another, for a 2011 launch, shows a bird engulfed in flames with an American flag in the background and Latin words that translate to Better the devil you know, according to the Smithsonian.

NASA

The patch for the Space Shuttle Challenger STS-51-L mission included the names of all seven crew members, which included Ellison Onizuka, who graduated from CU Boulder, and Christa McAuliffe, the first teacher in space, The shuttle broke apart 73 seconds into mission, killing everyone on board.

NASA

The patch for the final flight of Space Shuttle Columbia STS-107 is shaped like a shuttle and includes the symbol for microgravity, g. Crew members included Kalpana Chawla, who earned her PhD from CU Boulder. The shuttle disintegrated on reentry to earth and all seven members were killed.

NASA

In 1965, Gemini 5 was the first NASA space mission to get an official patch. Astronauts Gordon Cooper and Charles Conrad, prepping for the 8-day orbit around earth, wanted a patch showing a wagon with the words "8 Days or Bust." NASA nixed the wording and from then on, allowed patches for missions as long as they received NASA approval.

Doug Kacena

Rodent Research IV is one of the projects heading to space on the SpaceX Dragon capsule, scheduled to launch Feb. 18, 2017 in Florida. Scientist Melissa Kacena, who is originally from Colorado, is sending 40 mice to the International Space Station to study how bones heal in a weightless environment. She asked brother Doug Kacena, a Denver artist, to design the patch.

CollectSpace.com

The Russian Soyuz TMA-17M mission patch paid tribute to NASA's Apollo 17 mission, said Soyuz commander Oleg Konenenko, according to space-news site CollectSpace.com.

CollectSpace.com

After comedian Stephen Colbert staged a write-in campaign to win a NASA poll, the comedian got his own patch, but not for any space mission. It's in honor of the ISS's new excercise machine: the Combined Operational Load Bearing External Resistance Treadmill, according to space news site CollectSpace.com.

One popular patch was worn by the crew that launched the Spirit and OpportunityMars rovers in 2003. Entertainment company Warner Bros. workedwith the Air Force to create patches for each rover, one featured Marvin The Martian, the other Daffy Duck as Duck Dodgers.

Even astronaut classes have their own patches, like the astronaut class of 1990. The 13th class played on the unlucky number by picking a black cat and calling themselves, the Hairballs.

Research teams like Rodent Research IV have jumped at the chance to design their own patches.

Provided by Melissa Kacena

That brings us back to Melissa Kacena, now a professor of orthopaedic surgery at Indiana University School of Medicine. Shes been working with her students for more than three years on a methodthat helps bone fractures heal while a person is weightless, via crutches or recuperating in bed. Thats hard to test with mice, who dont like to stay still even when asked nicely, she said.

Bone fractures actually heal better with exercise, which increases bone strength. But walking on a fracture doesnt help the bone-healing process if a metal or hardware implant is involved.

If all your body weight goes into the implant, it will eventually fail. You need the bone to start growing before the implant fails, she said.

With support from the U.S. Department of Defense, the project becomes the fourth to send mice into space. Astronauts at the space station will help with the research before sending everything back to Earth after four weeks.

Were going to learn so much about the bone-healing process, she said, important because theres a really good chance that astronauts will get a fracture if they go to Mars.

Astronauts lose about 1 to 3 percent of bone density each month in space, she said. A person with osteoporosis loses 1 percent a year. If you lose (bone mass) going to Mars, theres an increased risk of fractures. We need to know how to heal.

After asking her team to come up with patch designs, they turned to her brother, Doug, who created a fairly straightforward design.The Rodent Research IV patch shows a silhouette of a mouse, its tail tucked underneath a strand of DNA.A galaxy of stars is in the background while the SpaceX Dragon capsule floats near the patchs edge.

The embroidered patch is scheduled to hitch a ride Saturday on the SpaceX Dragon during its CRS-10 cargo resupply mission to the ISS, a trip originally set for last summer.

Before the group packed up its gear and headed to Florida, Melissa Kacena talked to her team.

I told them that not everyone has these kinds of opportunities to work with NASA, she said. I reminded them when I was a grad student, working with NASA really inspired me and opened doors. Hopefully they will solve the problems of tomorrow.

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Denver artist Kacena tapped by sister to design NASA patch for Rodent Research IV mission - The Denver Post

SpaceX Aborts Launch to the ISS Seconds Before Liftoff, But Might Try Again Tomorrow – WIRED

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UPDATE: SpaceX aborted the CRS-10 launch a few seconds before liftoff. In a series of tweets, SpaceX CEO Elon Musk explained that one of the hydraulic pistons controlling the second stage vector control system was acting slightly odd. Vector control is how rockets steerIf the Falcon 9s was on the fritz, it would not be able to put the Dragon capsule on an intercept course with the ISS once the rocket reached low Earth orbit. Musk added that the system 99% likely to be fine but that 1% chance isnt worth rolling the dice. He hopes to make the next launch window for CRS-10, Sunday, February 18, at 9:38am EST.

SpaceX is back, and its launching your tax dollars into low Earth orbit. Saturday morning will mark the private rocket companys tenth mission to the International Space Stationand its second launch attempt since a Falcon 9 rocket blew up on a launchpad last September.

Saturdays launch will lift off from Cape Canaverals launchpad 39A, the same slab of concrete used for the Apollo missions. Thats a neat bit of ourobouros, especially since a congressional investigation just finished looking at SpaceXs potential to ferry humans to the ISS. The report, released on Thursday, detailed concerns over some cracked turbine fuel pumpsan old issue, already being fixed. But thats not likely to soothe anyone with lingering concerns that this company is struggling to overcome technical difficulties. In the short term, the only real indication will come on Saturday, when the Falcon 9 leaves behind either a swirl of smoke or a smoldering heap of metal.

Late last summer, SpaceX had been riding high on its back to back (to back to back) Falcon 9 barge landings. It was planning to increase its launch tempo, up to two rocket launches a month, and hoped to do a test flight of its anticipated Falcon Heavy rocket. CEO Elon Musk was even billed to speak at a fall conference about his long term ambitions to start a colony on Mars.

But the September 2016 explosion, which destroyed a $200 million satellite, put a limp in SpaceXs swagger. The company paused all launches (and landings) to investigate the mishap. By November, the consensus was that the superchilled oxygen the Falcon 9 uses for fuel had frozen, sparking a combustion.

In mid-January 2017, the company returned to flight, successfully launching (and landing) a Falcon 9 bearing 10 telecommunications satellites. But the small victory was overshadowed two weeks later when the Wall Street Journal broke the report from the Government Accountability Office, an oversight group that directs investigations on behalf of congress. Congress was merely checking up on SpaceXs progress towards building a crew vehicle for NASA. SpaceXs president and COO Gwynne Shotwell shot back at the Journal earlier today at a press conference. Weve known about, and flown with, cracks in the turbine wheel since the beginning of the Falcon 9 program, she says. She added that SpaceX is well on its way to fixing the issue so NASA is comfortable putting astronauts on top of the rockets, not just cargo.

Shotwell also said SpaceX engineers are working on a small leak in the second stage of the Falcon 9 scheduled to launch tomorrow at 10:01am. She said they still plan to launch on schedule. But the issue significantly ups the amplitude of fingernail gnawing, because that rocket is topped with millions of dollars in science projects from NASA and the Department of Defense. Those government contracts for ISS resupply missions are some of SpaceXs biggest assets, to the companys bottom lineand its reputation. They are also one of the only avenues for the public to get an inner look at the companys operations, because of audits like the one the GAO released on February 16.

Only one other private spaceflight company has secured similar deals with the government: SpaceXs biggest rival, United Launch Alliance. In addition to gear-launching contracts, both companies secured multi-billion dollar deals to develop launch vehicles capable of sending astronauts to and from the ISSand the GAO report showed that both are struggling to meet their deadlines. SpaceX and ULA were supposed to have their launch systems ready for certification review later this year, but both have delayed their launches until 2018. If the delays reach into 2019, NASA astronauts will have to hitch more rides with the Russians.

The ISS is set to retire in 2024. The longer the delay is on these commercial launch systems, the less time these companies will have to demonstrate repeated flights to the station, says Christina Chaplain, director for the GAO review. But delays are normal for rocket development programs. Chaplain isnt even that worried about the defects the Wall Street Journal made hay about two weeks ago. I just think the report itself is not as exciting as the leaked version, she says.

If tomorrows launch goes off without a hitch, SpaceX will attempt to land the first stage back at Cape Canaveral. With both those successes out of the way, the company could focus more on its longer term goalslaunching the Falcon Heavy, finishing work on the crew capsule, and eventually going to Marsand less on sweeping away the wreckage of the past.

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SpaceX Aborts Launch to the ISS Seconds Before Liftoff, But Might Try Again Tomorrow - WIRED

NASA unveils Space Launch System upper stage – whnt.com

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DECATUR, Ala. - We are one step closer to space!

Today in Decatur, NASA unveiled a part of the Space Launch System. The SLSis the worlds most powerful rocket that will launch astronauts into deep space.

"It's a terrific day as you can see behind me it's the first upper stage for NASA'S SLS Rocket. We're going to roll it out of here and take it to Kennedy Space Center. It will be the first integrated piece of the big rocket that will eventually take NASA astronauts beyond low Earth orbit." saidSLS Program Manager John Shannon of Boeing.

The Interim Cryogenic Propulsion Stage or ICPSwill provide the thrust needed to send the Orion Spacecraft and 13 secondary payloads beyond the moon before it returns to Earth.

"This is a great example of what the engineers in north Alabama are capable of," said Shannon.

This is the first rocket capable of going into deep space since the Saturn program in the early 70's. We will have "The ability to put large masses into space," said Shannon. "To get out to the moon again with crew or cargo and eventually to go to Mars."

As for for when we could expect take off? The second stage will integrate into the entire vehicle in mid-2018. But there's more to be done after that.

"We will be waiting on getting the core stage out of our production facility in New Orleans. It will go Stennis Space Center in Mississippi and it will be test fired. Then it will go to the Cape and be made up with this nice piece of hardware and we'll have a real capability to launch crews."

NASA believes the SLSwill launch crews of four astronauts in the agency's Orion Spacecraft on missions to explore multiple deep-space destinations.

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"There's 40 something astronauts in cue for assignment roughly. And my position, I'm very fortunate whose technical assignment is the space launch system."Butch Wilmore has had two spaceflights in his career. He currently works on all the propulsion elements of theSLS.

"Thousands across this nation that have their prints on this vehicle." From designers, architects, engineers and much more. "So, when you see that American flag on the vehicle it means literally America across this great nation putting their all and their passion into human space flight. And that makes it special," said Wilmore.

Wilmore said this is an exciting time, as we will have the opportunity to take humans to lower Earth orbit. He says America is on a journey to Mars.

"That doesn't mean that we're launching in a specific time frame," explained Wilmore. "We hope to get to Mars by a certain time frame. You know, everybody's got their opinion as to when we can do that. But you can't make it to Mars without unless you've got robust systems just to support human life."

Wilmore said those systems potentially need to be able to support human life for 3 and a half yearsandthe unveiling of the ICPStoday is the first step to getting there.

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NASA unveils Space Launch System upper stage - whnt.com

NASA discovers ‘hint of alien life’ inside mysterious crystals from Mexican cave which scientists thought was … – Mirror.co.uk

Scientists have revived new life forms that have been living inside giant crystals on Earth for up to 60,000 years.

And now it is believed the discovery by NASA - in a cathedral-sized cave in Mexico - could be a hint of what life is like on Mars.

The microbes have been found inside spiky crystals in the Naica Mine in Chihuahua, some of which stand at an incredible five-metres long.

Shut off from light or oxygen, around 100 different bugs have been revived, 90 per cent of which have never been discovered before.

The lifeforms have been found in a state of 'geolatency' - where living organisms remain viable in geological materials for long periods of time.

The new discovery comes after scientists were always left baffled by images of the crystals alone - believing it to be a 'Photoshop hoax'.

But the finding of the tiny bugs has now left the NASA team astounded, as it could be a hint of how life can survive on other planets.

Describing the research project, Dr Penelope Boston, the director of NASAs Astrobiology Institute and leader of the project, said: "It was a transformative experience it really felt strange.

"It was a very hard environment to work in, but tear-inducingly beautiful. Its like being inside a geode."

The cave in which the discovery was made sits above a large pocked of volcanic magma, where temperatures can reach up to 60C.

For this reason, astrobiologists have dubbed the cave as 'hell'.

Most life could not survive there but scientists have discovered some organisms have evolved to feed on the sulphides, iron, manganese or copper oxide inside.

"They're really showing us what our kind of life can do in terms of manipulating materials," said Dr Boston.

"These guys are living in an environment where there's not organic food as we understand it.

They're an example at very high temperatures of organisms making their living essentially by munching down inorganic minerals and compounds.

"This is maybe the deep history of our life here."

Dr Boston says the team had to wear 'space suits' to protect them from the heat and allow them to breathe.

"That chamber is at the 800 metre level," she added.

The deepest part we accessed (where the crystals were found) was a place called Hell, very evocatively."

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NASA discovers 'hint of alien life' inside mysterious crystals from Mexican cave which scientists thought was ... - Mirror.co.uk

Nanotechnology-based gene editing study seeks to eradicate HIV in brain of drug abusers – FIU News

Opiate abuse is a significant risk factor for HIV infection, and in combination they can have a devastating effect on the brain. Scientists at FIU Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine (HWCOM) are studying new therapies that can short-circuit HIV infection and mitigate the damaging effects that opiate addiction has on the central nervous system.

The ambitious $3.5 million five-year study, funded by the National Institutes for Health, is now underway and will be completed by 2021. Researchers hope the work will lead to a multipurpose platform for drugs targeting a variety of other difficult to treat diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Alzheimers, Parkinsons and Huntingtons diseases.

The Institute of Neuro-Immune Pharmacology at HWCOM, led by Chair and Associate Dean of the Department of Immunology Madhavan Nair, is teaming up with Kamel Khalili, chair of the Department of Neuroscience at Temple University, and the Comprehensive NeuroAIDS Center at Temple Universitys Lewis Katz School on a new study that will combine Khalils gene editing strategy using nanotechnology with Nairs work to help opiate users with HIV.

Despite significant advances in anti-retroviral therapy (ART), which is used to treat HIV patients, ART is unable to penetrate the blood brain barrier (BBB) after systemic administration. In addition, the elimination of HIV from the central nervous system and peripheral reservoirs remains challenging due to the HIV genomes ability to integrate itself into the host genome.

But advances in nanotechnology have expanded the possibilities for novel drug delivery systems that can cross the BBB to recognize and eradicate HIV in the brain. Nair and other scientists from the Institute of Neuro-Immune Pharmacology at HWCOM have combined nanotechnology with magneto electro nanoparticles (MENPs) as externally field triggered/controlled drug carriers that offer the unique capability of low energy and dissipation free on-demand drug release across the BBB.

Distinguished Professor Madhavan Nair in his lab at Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine.

Nairs MENP drug-based delivery system is now the basis for the partnership with Khalili, who developed the Cas9/gRNA system a genetic engineering tool that has shown great promise in finding and destroying copies of HIV that have burrowed into the hosts genome.

The partnership will use Cas9/gRNA to eliminate entire integrated copies of the HIV genome from the host chromosome with the MENP drug-based delivery system.

This is the first time that we are sending medicine to the brain that will eliminate latent HIV as well as deliver a morphine antagonist (methylnaltrexone) across the BBB in a non-invasive manner to protect neurons from morphine induced neurodegenerative effects, Nair says. MENP is non-invasive and fast-acting, and this newly created multi-disciplinary approach will also introduce unprecedented 3-D diagnostic views and allow clearance of the nanoparticles from the brain to the periphery by reverse external magnetic force once the cargo has been delivered.

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Nanotechnology-based gene editing study seeks to eradicate HIV in brain of drug abusers - FIU News

AAAS Annual Meeting: Taking a Green Approach to Nanotechnology – R & D Magazine

While nanotechnology has substantial benefit to society, its environmental impact is not well understood. Because it is such an emerging field, the design and production of the material is not yet fully optimized, sometimes resulting in significant inefficiencies and unnecessary waste.

However, this challenge offers opportunity for innovation, said James Hutchison, Ph.D., a professor of organic, organometallic and materials chemistry and founding director of the ONAMI Safer Nanomaterials and Nanomanufacturing Initiative at the University of Oregon.

What is interesting is that nanotechnology is a very emerging technology; its not mature like other chemical production, said Hutchison. That allows us to be more proactive in trying to simultaneously meet societys needs for the material we are making, but at the same time reduce the environmental and health impacts earlier in the process.

Hutchison is an advocate of a green chemistry approach to nanomaterial production one which considers material design, processes and applications that have the potential to reduce environmental hazards at each stage of the life cycle.

He will discuss this concept in his presentation Nanomaterial Design Guided by the Principles of Green Chemistry, at the AAAS 2017 Annual Meeting, Saturday, February 18. He outlined the key points of his talk in an exclusive interview with R&D Magazine.

R&D Magazine: What are some of the environmental challenges related to nanotechnology?

Hutchison: Any new nanomaterial is a new chemical and with any new chemical, whether its nano or not, there is always the question of if it will potentially cause any harm to humans or the environment. Weve now studied nanomaterials in that vein for at least a decade if not longer and one of the things that we are finding is that there doesnt appear to be any nano-specific hazards associated with these materials. What we do find is that if we have toxic ions or elements within these nanomaterials and those can be leached out, then the nanomaterial can become a delivery vehicle for that toxic ion.

As an example, if you have a cadmium-containing nanoparticle, zinc oxide, or silver, each of those will because of the high surface area of the particles and therefor a lot of exposure of the surface of the particle to the environment likely leach out the toxic ions within them. In that case, the toxicity that one observes is just due to those ions.

That is one aspect of the environmental impact of nanotechnology. The other major aspect is the production of the material. Weve been studying nanomaterials really actively for over 20 years, but much of the effort has been on trying to identify new properties and not necessarily figuring out how we are going to manufacture these materials efficiently and cost-effectively. In most nanomaterial today, we are still pretty early on with respect to efficient and scalable production of the material. As a consequence of that, we are not making efficient use of the raw materials because the yields are low, and we are also producing waste streams because our conversion of those raw materials to products is usually low.

However, there are many environmentally beneficial applications of nanotechnology. One of the cool things that has come about in the last two years has been that, as we start to evaluate the life cycle, we have really tried to weigh what the benefit is versus what the implications are. This also then becomes a design vehicle. We can now say, if we can increase the efficiency of this material by X amount we will have a net environmental benefit. We can then design to enhance that net benefit. How do you tip the balance? One way is to dramatically increase the benefit. The other way is to significantly decrease the impact, or both.

What is green chemistry and how can it be applied to nanomaterials?

The whole concept of green chemistry is to try and design new chemicals or a new production process so that you systemically reduce the impacts on human health and the environment, but while also delivering high performance chemicals and products that are needed by society. That is the big picture. The tools or the principles that we use are things like, reducing the amount of volatile solvents that are used throughout the process. Solvents tend to cause damage in the environment.

We are also trying to systematically reduce the waste that is generated. When we take raw material and turn it into a product, we need to ensure that all or a substantial amount of the raw material ends up in the product and not in the waste instead. How do we reduce energy consumption during the process? We do that typically be using catalysts that will allow us to operate a chemical transformation at a lot lower temperature. These are some of the things that we do to try and reduce their overall impact on the environment.

Are there particular nanomaterials where adjustments can be made to achieve net environmental balance?

We can look at gold nanoparticles. One of the main applications of gold nanoparticles is for use in biological imaging and targeting in the biological system. One of the prerequisites to using those in any living organism is that they are non-toxic. Gold is already inert and nontoxic, but in order to make it function in a biological or medical application, you have to typically coat it with something so it stay stable and disbursable in water. Those coatings, depending on which ones you use, could make the process more or less toxic. Weve done systemic studies that have shown that you can achieve the same function with the right choice of material that makes it nontoxic, or the wrong choice, which makes it toxic. In that case, the benefit is the same you have something that can be freely dispersible in water and biocompatible. Its all about the surface coating or chemistry on the particle and how that allows you to maintain that high level of performance, but significantly reduce the hazard.

Silver on textiles for anti-odor capabilities is another example. It turns out that the substantial impact that silver has on the environment is actually the extraction of the silver from land, and the release of silver back into the environment. What you can do that will be most advantageous is to use the least amount of silver you can to still achieve the function that you need. Its simple, but it turns out that many of the technologies used a few years ago used thousands of times more silver on the coating of the fabric than necessary.

In that regard you dont get added performance, you dont get added anti-odor capabilities, but you are using a lot more silver. With the old technology that used lots of silver you can essentially never get a net environmental benefit, even though you may not wash the clothing as often and save water and electricity. However, if you are able to reduce the quantity down to what is essentially the therapeutic level by a factor of one-thousand, now it only takes not washing that garment by about two washes over the course of its lifetime to achieve a net environmental benefit. The green chemistry approach there was to actually weigh the performance that you want and the impact and then create a design process for that product to achieve that net environment benefit.

Are there still a lot of questions that remain regarding the environmental impact of nanomaterials?

One of the challenges when you are in the innovation business is that you innovate, you synthesize compounds all the time. If the only way that we had to assess their potential implications was to make them all and test them all, we would never keep up with that because the testing process would be really slow. A new strategy is really trying to develop predicable design rules where you can identify, based upon a body of evidence, which sorts of materials have the highest potential for great benefit and minimal harm. Then we can pursue those specifically based on design principals. We can then compliment that with high throughput screening.

The whole point of nanotechnology is that we identify new properties by manipulating matter at the nanoscale. So long as we continue to do that, and innovate in that way, we are going to be generating new materials that could potentially have some harm. There is always going to be some level of uncertainty, but I think weve made amazing progress in the last ten years in terms of zooming in on the areas that have the most possibility to cause a problem, and then using these high throughput screens to triage and figure out which few look like they may have a negative impact and study those in more detail.

In the last five to ten years, green chemistry has really been viewed as a way to innovate, its a way to think differently and discover new innovative solutions that might not have been on peoples radar if they havent been thinking about these challenges. Industry has really jumped on this because they see, not only the value of stewardship of the environments and customer satisfaction with their product, but money-saving potential of reducing the environmental impact as well.

This interview has been edited for clarity and length

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AAAS Annual Meeting: Taking a Green Approach to Nanotechnology - R & D Magazine

#Nanotechnology Sees Big Growth in Products and Applications – MENAFN.COM

(MENAFN - Investors Ideas)

February 13, 2017 (Investorideas.com Newswire) Wellesley, Mass., Nanotechnology promises to impact many sectors of the global economy, as evidenced by double-digit growth rates of nanomaterials, nanotools, and nanodevices. BCC Research reveals in its new report that continuing moderate growth of the U.S. and world economies should significantly expand the nanotechnology industry.

Nanotechnology applications are defined comprehensively as the creation and use of materials, devices and systems through the manipulation of matter at scales of less than 100 nanometers. This report examines nanomaterials (nanoparticles, nanotubes, nanostructured materials and nanocomposites), nanotools (nanolithography tools and scanning probe microscopes) and nanodevices (nanosensors and nanoelectronics).

The global nanotechnology market should reach 90.5 billion by 2021 from 39.2 billion in 2016, growing at a five-year compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 18.2%. This figure includes well-established commercial nanomaterials applications such as nanoparticle-based sunscreen products and nanocatalyst thin films for catalytic converters, as well as new technologies such as nano-thin film solar cells, nanolithographic tools and nanoscale electronic memory.

The nanomaterials market should reach 32.5 billion and 77.3 billion in 2016 and 2021, respectively, demonstrating a five-year CAGR of 18.9%. The nanodevices market should reach 195.9 million by 2021, up from 56.5 million in 2016, reflecting a five-year CAGR of 28.2%.

Nanomaterials, particularly nanoparticles and nanoscale thin films, dominated the market in 2015, accounting for 83.3% of the market. Nanotools totaled 16.6% of the market and nanodevices the remainder. By 2021, nanomaterials'market share is expected to increase to 85.3%, while nanotools'shar shrinks to 14.5%, and nanodevices'share increases slightly from 0.1% to 0.2%.

The largest end-user markets for nanotechnology in 2015 were environmental applications (38.8% of the total market), electronics (22.4%), and consumer applications (21.1%). Biomedical, consumer, and electronics applications should demonstrate the highest projected CAGR rates (i.e., 29.9%, 27.9%, and 20.5%, respectively) during the forecast period.

"Economic expansion will foster growth in the nanotechnology sector by stimulating industrial and consumer demand for products incorporating nanotechnology, and increasing corporate profits and government tax revenues needed to fund research and development activities," says BCC Research analyst Andrew McWilliams.

The Maturing Nanotechnology Market: Products and Applications (NAN031G) analyzes the global markets for nanomaterials, nanotools, and nanodevices. Global market drivers and trends, with data from 2015, estimates for 2016, and projections of CAGRs through 2021 also are provided.

About BCC Research

BCC Research is a publisher of market research reports that provide organizations with intelligence to drive smart business decisions. By partnering with industry experts worldwide, BCC Research provides unbiased measurements and assessments of global markets covering major industrial and technology sectors, including emerging markets. For more information about BCC Research, please visit bccresearch.com. Follow BCC Research on Twitter at @BCCResearch.

Editors and reporters who wish to speak with the analyst should contact Steven Cumming at .

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#Nanotechnology Sees Big Growth in Products and Applications - MENAFN.COM

Israeli nano-satellites launched into space – World Israel News

The Indian rocket takes off. (ISRO)

(ISRO)

For thefirst time, all Israeli universities will have access to data from an Israeli nano-satellite for research purposes.

Indias space agency said it successfully launched more than 100 nano-satellites into orbit Wednesday aboard a single rocket.

The Indian Space Research Organization said the nano-satellites weighing less than 10 kilograms (22 pounds) were sent into orbit from southern India. It said the launching of the 104 satellites was a record, overtaking Russias feat of sending 37 satellites in a single launch in 2014.

All 104 satellites were successfully placed in orbit, the Press Trust of India news agency quoted ISRO Chairman A.S. Kiran Kumar as saying.

The ISRO said in a statement that the other satellites were international customer satellites, including 96 from the United State, one each from the Netherlands and Switzerland, and two each fromIsrael, Kazakhstan and the United Arab Emirates.

The Israeli satellites were launched for civilian and research purposes.

One satellite belongs to the Israeli SpacePharma company, which designed it for medical experiments. SpacePharma is focused on using microgravity, or virtual weightlessness, for research and development.

The second Israeli satellite was built by Ben Gurion University in the Negev. It is the size of a milk carton and weighs only five kilograms. The satellite, called BGUSAT (Ben Gurion University of the Negev Satellite) is designed for climate research.

The BGUSAT research unit is outfitted with innovative new cameras that can detect climate phenomena and a guidance system that lets the operators choose the areas to shoot and research through a dedicated ground station at BGU.Despite its miniature size, the satellite will enable researchers involved in its outer space tasks to receive high-quality photographs from it, which until now were obtainable only from foreign satellites, at great cost.

It is the first time any Israeli university will have access to data from an Israeli nano-satellite for research purposes.

Prof. Dan Blumberg, BGUs VP and Dean for R&D, said nano-satellites enable space engineering and space research at costs that are affordable for academia. The reduced costs allow academia to assume a much more active role in the field, taking advantage of the innovation and initiative of researchers and students.

The satellites were developed with the help of the Israel Space Agency in the Ministry of Science, Technology and Space.

By: World Israel News Staff AP contributed to this report.

Ben Gurion UniversityIndiaNono satelliteSpacePharma

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Israeli nano-satellites launched into space - World Israel News

Bed Bath & Beyond Founder Leonard Feinstein Donates $25M to … – PR Newswire (press release)

The Feinsteins' experience with their son sparked the beginning of their significant history of philanthropy dedicated to impacting the health care delivery system. The Feinsteins realized that research was the only real answer to yield treatments and cures that could alter the way medicine is practiced and delivered. Their early support in 2000 helped establish the Susan and Leonard Feinstein Center for Neurosciences. "We wanted to give where we thought we could make a difference for a resource that wouldn't exist unless we stepped in to help," said Mr. Feinstein. "Dedicated neuroscience research had never been done at Northwell Health (then North Shore-LIJ Health System) on the scale we imagined, so we stepped in to make that happen eleven years ago."

The Feinstein Institute is the worldwide leader in scientific knowledge of bioelectronic medicine a new field of medicine that uses devices to treat disease and injury. Bioelectronic medicine represents the convergence of three well-established scientific fields: neuroscience, molecular and cell biology, and bioengineering. The Feinstein Institute team, led by Kevin J. Tracey, MD, president and CEO of the Feinstein Institute, a neurosurgeon who pioneered the field, has been working in this area since 1998. The new gift from the Feinsteinsbrings to $275 million the overall commitment for bioelectronic medicine research thus far. This includes company investments and state grantsin support of the underlying research for a wide range of acute and chronic diseases and injuries, including neurodegenerative diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, cancer, bleeding, diabetes and hypertension.

"The research taking place across all of Northwell Health particularly bioelectronic medicine can revolutionize the way medicine is practiced," said Mr. Feinstein, who also is a member of the Feinstein Institute's Board of Directors. "In this promising area of research, we are realizing useful applications and results now and within five to ten years, we will see cures for some of the most confounding human diseases in our lifetime. Not many research initiatives show that kind of promise."

"Susan and Leonard Feinstein's ongoing generosity is a testament to the advancements we have made in science, medicine and curing disease," said Michael J. Dowling, president and CEO of Northwell Health. "Northwell established the research institute in 1999, and Leonard and Susan have been with us for each critical step as we've grown."

"Leonard and Susan Feinstein's unwavering support of our research programs over many, many years has been absolutely key to the founding of the Institute, the building of the Institute and now the launch of the Center of Bioelectronic Medicine," said Dr. Tracey. "None of this would have happened without them."

The Center for Bioelectronic Medicine, directed by Chad Bouton, is organized into three divisions Molecular Targets, Neurophysiology and Neuroscience, and Neurotechnology and Analytics each of which has several labs. The Center recently opened five new labs, one of which includes the only Class 100 clean room in Nassau County, LI.

About Northwell HealthNorthwell Health is New York State's largest health care provider and private employer, with 21 hospitals and over 550 outpatient practices. We care for more than two million people annually in the metro New York area and beyond, thanks to philanthropic support from our communities. Our 61,000 employees 15,000+ nurses and nearly 3,400 physicians, including nearly 2,700 members of Northwell Health Physician Partners -- are working to change health care for the better.We're making breakthroughs in medicine at the Feinstein Institute. We're training the next generation of medical professionalsat the visionary Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine and theSchool of Graduate Nursing and Physician Assistant Studies.And we offer healthinsurance through CareConnect. For information on our more than 100 medical specialties, visitNorthwell.edu.

About The Feinstein InstituteThe Feinstein Institute for Medical Research is the research arm of Northwell Health, the largest healthcare provider in New York. Home to 50 research laboratories and to clinical research throughout dozens of hospitals and outpatient facilities, the 3,500 researchers and staff of the Feinstein Institute are making breakthroughs in molecular medicine, genetics, oncology, brain research, mental health, autoimmunity and bioelectronic medicine a new field of science that has the potential to revolutionize medicine. For more information about how we empower imagination and pioneer discovery, visit FeinsteinInstitute.org.

To view the original version on PR Newswire, visit:http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/bed-bath--beyond-founder-leonard-feinstein-donates-25m-to-support-northwell-health-research-300409669.html

SOURCE Feinstein Institute for Medical Research

https://www.northwell.edu

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Bed Bath & Beyond Founder Leonard Feinstein Donates $25M to ... - PR Newswire (press release)

Rresearchers make breakthrough in fight against superbug – Science Daily


Science Daily
Rresearchers make breakthrough in fight against superbug
Science Daily
The research carried out by Professor Jose Bengoechea, Director at the Centre for Experimental Medicine at Queen's University, and his team unveiled the molecular mechanisms preventing the treatment of klebsiella pneumonia. The multi-drug resistant ...

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Rresearchers make breakthrough in fight against superbug - Science Daily