The New Cyber Security Ecosystem – Information Security Buzz – ISBuzz News

When one compares cyber security today to what it was ten years ago, the two are almost unidentifiable as the same industry. The iPhone had only just launched; Facebook was still in its infancy; the Internet of Things (IoT) was still a dream. The routes a hacker could use to access a system were limited, and because of this, cyber security was built around walls. One was encouraged to block attacks with firewalls and other perimeter security that could be plugged into existing systems. There was no wider strategy, with little thought given to what would happen if those walls were breached. This created a very segmented landscape, made up of a multitude of different products, all with varying capabilities and from different suppliers.

Todays landscape is utterly different. The routes into a system are so numerous they are impossible to police effectively, with the IoT making this problem greater by the day.

Yet this same technology that is causing a headache for cyber security professionals is the exact same technology that can help drive a business forward. Consider the transformational potential of IoT. Data between previously distant departments or operations can now be collected, shared and used automatically, dramatically improving the efficiency with which those two business areas work.

The consequences for cyber security, however, are serious. Access across a large multinational corporations systems can be gained through one chink in the armour of one small department. Recent hacks have shown this time and again. The hack against Target, one of the biggest ever and responsible for the loss of details of 110 million customers,stemmed from a phishing attack on a contractor. USB sticks infected with malware are an ever-present threat; once plugged in, hackers quickly spread throughout an organisations system and begin to do serious damage. This has been proven to chilling effect in the health sector,where patient monitors have even been accessed.

To counter this, the cyber industry must work to develop a security protocol a standard that can operate effectively across all different elements of modern, large-scale computer systems; a system of systems. Such a protocol will allow for the effective identification and quantification of any security and privacy issues in any part of a business IT systems. Other industries have used similar models of ever-presenting testing and evaluation to ensure their services are as rigorous as can be. Engineering, constantly evolving since the industrial revolution, is built upon testing. From product design through to end-of-life decommissioning, the industry constantly tests the performance and capabilities of its devices.

A system of systems will allow cyber security to the same. All parts of the IT supply chain, from the service provider to the OEM; the management consultancy to the market researcher; all will be able to scrutinise their business operations from a cyber security stand point, and all to the same high level of quality.

This will align with and be underpinned by the National Cyber Security Strategy, supported by the NCSC. It aims to create an ecosystem of innovative and thriving cyber security by bringing together the best minds from government, academia and the private sector to deliver this system of systems, solving the issues presented by a divergent and complex online world. It will be the beginning of a new era of cyber security protection, based not on unrealistic goals but on our ability as a nation to mitigate and minimise risk through collaboration. It will give the UK and its population assurances that its data and systems are safe and the base from which a successful digital economy can flourish.

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Saudi Arabia joins Bonn-based platform on biodiversity, ecosystem services – Arab News

RIYADH: Saudi Arabia participated in the Intergovernmental Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES), which concluded on Friday in the German city of Bonn, according to the Saudi Press Agency (SPA). Hani bin Mohammed Ali Tatwani, deputy president of the Saudi Wildlife Authority (SWA), represented the Kingdom at the event, which was also attended by representatives from 126 countries, the SPA noted. Tatwani said the SWA is eager to benefit from global events and scientific forums supported by the wise leadership. The Kingdoms participation in such events is designed to promote biodiversity in the Kingdom and exchange experiences at the regional and global levels, he said. He stressed that the leading role of the forum in providing scientific tools and guidance will contribute to enhance relations between the scientific community and decision makers. He said the platform will issue two scientific global assessments that will provide a database for biodiversity policies and other land ecological systems. Meanwhile, the SWA will develop tools and approaches adopted by the platform in coordination with the relevant sectors in the Kingdom in light of the Kingdoms commitment to regional and global environmental conventions, the official said. IPBES is an independent intergovernmental body established to strengthen science-policy interface for biodiversity and ecosystem services for the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity, long-term human well-being, and sustainable development.

RIYADH: Saudi Arabia participated in the Intergovernmental Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES), which concluded on Friday in the German city of Bonn, according to the Saudi Press Agency (SPA). Hani bin Mohammed Ali Tatwani, deputy president of the Saudi Wildlife Authority (SWA), represented the Kingdom at the event, which was also attended by representatives from 126 countries, the SPA noted. Tatwani said the SWA is eager to benefit from global events and scientific forums supported by the wise leadership. The Kingdoms participation in such events is designed to promote biodiversity in the Kingdom and exchange experiences at the regional and global levels, he said. He stressed that the leading role of the forum in providing scientific tools and guidance will contribute to enhance relations between the scientific community and decision makers. He said the platform will issue two scientific global assessments that will provide a database for biodiversity policies and other land ecological systems. Meanwhile, the SWA will develop tools and approaches adopted by the platform in coordination with the relevant sectors in the Kingdom in light of the Kingdoms commitment to regional and global environmental conventions, the official said. IPBES is an independent intergovernmental body established to strengthen science-policy interface for biodiversity and ecosystem services for the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity, long-term human well-being, and sustainable development.

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Saudi Arabia joins Bonn-based platform on biodiversity, ecosystem services - Arab News

Florida Beaches: Discover the Best Beaches in the World & Florida

Florida offers every type of adventure, experience and entertainment, but many would say its most alluring asset is the soft, sandy shorelines of Florida beaches.

With 800 miles of beaches to choose from, its hard to resist the relaxing waters, stunning sunrises and sunsets and sand that ranges from powdery smooth and white to hard-packed and dotted with seashells and other treasures. Indeed, Florida beaches are among the best beaches in the world, consistently taking top rankings in international travel publications and on beach expert lists.

From Pensacola Beach to Daytona Beach to Siesta Key to Miami Beach, each coastal oasis has its own vibe. Whether youre looking for quiet seclusion, a place to surf the waves or an all-day party, do a little research to find the right Florida beach for you. The Sunshine State draws a diverse array of visitors from all over the world, eager to experience a spa-like experience in nature, with the soothing lullaby of waves, sea salt air, the soft song of seagulls and beautiful sunsets and sunrises casting beautiful colors against the sky.But not all are here for just mere beauty and serenity. Some like the quirky beach shops and bars, some crave sport fishing and snorkeling, while others like music, dancing and the company of others late into the night.

Beaches in Florida have it all, as long as you know just where to look.Theres no shortage of charming getaways, nightlife hotspots and fishing meccas along the states coastline. Both the Gulf and Atlantic sides have plenty of cool or quaint towns with their own sandy shores, attracting both young and old looking to escape busy lives.

Northwest Florida beaches are known for some of the best seafood catches, particularly oysters and shellfish, and the Gulf beaches are also known for great fishing. There are few better foodie experiences out there in the world than stumbling upon a local favorite dive and discovering its special of the day was caught in the very waters along which it sits. Or if fine arts and culture are your thing, several Florida beaches in the Sarasota and Miami areas are within walking distance from galleries and artsy shops.

While almost all the beaches in Florida offer the basic necessities sand, water and mesmerizing beauty each has its own identity. Its worth the extra day or two on your trip to research, explore and make the most of your dream vacation.

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Florida Beaches: Discover the Best Beaches in the World & Florida

More dead dolphins washing up on Cornish beaches than ever, figures show – Telegraph.co.uk

"We are getting a lot of animals close into shore feeding on the feed stock. That means there are more interactions with the fishing fleet.

"There are other causes of death that we are identifying. A lot of animals are undernourished and are starving, and there has been an increase incidence of disease and lower immunity."

Paul Trebilcock of the Cornish Fish Producers Organisation said although fishing gear did occasionally interact with dolphins, fishermen had done everything they could to avoid it.

He said it was "unlikely" that fishermen were the reason for the increase.

Rob Deaville, from the Cetacean Strandings Investigation Programme, told the Western Morning News that the organisation was aware of76 deaddolphinsand porpoises in January.

Port-mortems were performed on 13 of them, and five of those showed signs of having been caught in nets, while some others died of natural causes.

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More dead dolphins washing up on Cornish beaches than ever, figures show - Telegraph.co.uk

Could Mysterious Fast Radio Bursts Be Powering Extragalactic Light Sails? – Sci-News.com

Fast radio bursts (FRBs) powerful radio flashes lasting just milliseconds, with mysterious origins that continue to be a matter of debate could be evidence of advanced alien technology, new research from Harvard suggests. Specifically, FRBs might be leakage from transmitters powering giant light sail probes in galaxies other than our own.

An artists illustration of a light-sail powered by a radio beam (red) generated on the surface of an exoplanet. The leakage from such beams as they sweep across the sky would appear as FRBs. Image credit: M. Weiss / CfA.

FRBs are mysterious and rarely detected bursts of radio emission that have durations of milliseconds and exhibit the characteristic dispersion sweep of radio pulsars.

These events emit as much energy in one millisecond as the Sun emits in 10,000 years, but the physical phenomenon that causes them is unknown.

The first FRB was discovered in 2007, although it was actually observed some six years earlier, in archival data from a pulsar survey of the Magellanic Clouds.

Only 18 FRBs have been detected to date. Most give off only a single burst and do not flash repeatedly.

They are inferred to originate from distant galaxies, billions of light-years away.

Avi Loeb, the Chair of the Astronomy Department and the Frank B. Baird Jr. Professor of Science at Harvard University, and his colleague at Harvard, Manasvi Lingam, examined the feasibility of creating a radio transmitter strong enough for it to be detectable across such immense distances.

The team found that, if the transmitter were solar powered, the sunlight falling on an area of an exoplanet twice the size of the Earth would be enough to generate the needed energy.

Such a vast construction project is well beyond our technology, but within the realm of possibility according to the laws of physics.

The researchers also considered whether such a transmitter would be viable from an engineering perspective, or whether the tremendous energies involved would melt any underlying structure.

Again, they found that a water-cooled device twice the size of Earth could withstand the heat.

They then asked, why build such an instrument in the first place?

They argue that the most plausible use of such power is driving interstellar light sails.

The amount of power involved would be sufficient to push a payload of a million tons, or about 20 times the largest cruise ships on Earth.

Thats big enough to carry living passengers across interstellar or even intergalactic distances, Dr. Lingam said.

To power a light sail, the transmitter would need to focus a beam on it continuously.

Observers on Earth would see a brief flash because the sail and its host planet, star and galaxy are all moving relative to us.

As a result, the beam sweeps across the sky and only points in our direction for a moment.

Repeated appearances of the beam, which were observed but cannot be explained by cataclysmic astrophysical events, might provide important clues about its artificial origin.

FRBs are exceedingly bright given their short duration and origin at great distances, and we havent identified a possible natural source with any confidence. An artificial origin is worth contemplating and checking, said Prof. Loeb, who also chairs the Advisory Committee for the Breakthrough Starshot Initiative and serves as the Science Theory Director for all Initiatives of the Breakthrough Prize Foundation.

He admits that this work is speculative. When asked whether he really believes that any fast radio bursts are due to aliens, he replied, Science isnt a matter of belief, its a matter of evidence. Deciding whats likely ahead of time limits the possibilities. Its worth putting ideas out there and letting the data be the judge.

The paper reporting this work has been accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal Letters, but has been published on arXiv.org ahead of time.

_____

Manasvi Lingam & Abraham Loeb. 2017. Fast Radio Bursts from Extragalactic Light Sails. ApJL, in press; arXiv: 1701.01109

This article is based on a press-release from the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics.

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Could Mysterious Fast Radio Bursts Be Powering Extragalactic Light Sails? - Sci-News.com

BREAKING NEWS: Scott Pruitt, head of EPA, doesn’t think carbon dioxide is the main driver of global warming – Blastr

[Credit: Shutterstock / Barnaby Chambers]

Hot on the heels of my post earlier today about the reality of global warming comes this jaw-dropper: Scott Pruitt, who was recently approved by the Senate to run the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), says that carbon dioxide is not the main cause of global warming.

Holy. Wow.

In a CNBC interview, when asked, Do you believe that its been proven that CO2 is the primary control knob for climate? he replied this way:

No, I think that measuring with precision human activity on the climate is something very challenging to do and theres tremendous disagreement about the degree of impact. So no, I would not agree that its a primary contributor to the global warming that we see.

This is science denialism at a stunning level. And its incredibly disingenuous, too. Note his phrasing: Hes saying that disagreement about the amount of human-caused warming means CO2 is not the primary driver of warming. Thats like saying, I dont know if theres a traffic jam at the corner of Main and 1st street or Main and 2nd, therefore cars dont exist.

Thats a classic denial method of distraction, sowing confusion about one issue to downplay another. Not only that, its utter baloney. We know for a fact that carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas, and the main driver for the increased global warming weve seen over the past few decades. We also know for a fact that all or nearly all of that warming weve seen is caused by human activity.

The science behind greenhouse gases is pretty simple (and in fact understood for a century or so). A gas like carbon dioxide is transparent to visible light. Sunlight passes right by CO2 in the air, and hits the ground, warming it up. A warm object emits infrared light, so the ground radiates that absorbed energy from sunlight back into the sky. But CO2 is not transparent to infrared; it absorbs some of it, trapping a little bit of extra heat on Earth.

There are other greenhouse gases, including water vapor and methane. But, in general, the amounts of these gases in the atmosphere are in balance; water vapor condenses to form liquid water at about the same rate it vaporizes, so the amount in the air is steady. Methane is a very fragile molecule, and doesnt last long once its in the atmosphere (ironically, it breaks down into carbon dioxide and water). So, while these are actually stronger greenhouse gases per molecule than CO2, they are in balance in the air, and dont contribute much to rising temperatures.

The reason CO2 is the main driver of global warming is that we humans are producing prodigious quantities of it and dumping it into the air. How much? 40 billion tons per year. Yes, billion. Thats far more than any other natural source on the planet (even a big volcanic eruption puts out far less than that, despite claims by many deniers).

Thats why were getting hotter. Its the extra CO2 in the air over time thats trapping more heat from sunlight, warming us up. If we werent putting that extra carbon dioxide in the atmosphere we wouldnt be experiencing global warming as we are. Also, CO2 is a very stable molecule, so any of it we put in the air stays there, lasting for decades or even centuries.

As to Pruitts second point, computer models that take into account all known physical factors show that humans are not only the main cause of warming, but that we may be causing all of it. Like 100%.

The graphic shows this; various models using different methods all show that humans are behind the vast majority of extra warming we see. Natural factors cause very little. In fact, many natural factors actually cool the planet, but were so vigorously churning out CO2 that were actually reversing that! Thats how humans can actually cause more than 100% of the warming.

The confusion Pruitt is sowing is due to a very minor point: The question of just how much temperatures go up as CO2 increases. If you double the CO2 in the air, for example, does the temperature go up 2 Celsius, or 3 or 4? This is a complicated question, because in the short term the temperature may only go up a degree or so, but over time an equilibrium is reached that can be much higher, like 3-4. But no matter what, Pruitt is still bearing false witness: We know the temperature is going up, and we know its from CO2, and we know its the extra CO2 were generating thats doing it.

So, everything Pruitt said in that short answer was complete nonsense. I just wish it were unexpected; its been clear for some time that nearly every single person Donald Trump has nominated to a position of power denies global warming.

But thats why this is so very serious. Pruitt is the head of the EPA, the agency created to make sure we humans dont screw up our environment. The EPA was created under Nixon and has been amazingly successful at cleaning up the disasters humans have left behind us as our technology grows. Its been vital in preventing future disasters, too. This includes the effects of global warming. Thats why the EPA classified CO2 as a pollutant; that way it can be regulated so that we dont pour even more of it into the air by burning fossil fuels.

And that is why so many scientists are up in arms over the Trump administration's bizarre and terrible appointees to science agencies, like Pruitt. They arent just ignorant of basic science;theyre openly antagonistic toward it. And thats why we must continue to speak up, make our voices heard, and do what we can to prevent these people for destroying the one planet weve got.

They want to turn up the heat on Earth? Then we must turn the heat up on them.

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BREAKING NEWS: Scott Pruitt, head of EPA, doesn't think carbon dioxide is the main driver of global warming - Blastr

Is artificial intelligence our doom? – GuelphToday

Artificial intelligence could enhance the decision-making capacities of human beings and make us much better than we are. Or, it could destroy the human race entirely. We could soon find out.

In an engrossing lecture Friday morning, political scientist and software developer Clifton van der Linden said the world may be on the brink of a super machine intelligence that has the full range of human intelligence, as well as autonomous decision-making. And that emerging reality has many of the great human minds worried about our future.

Van der Linden is the co-founder and CEO of Vox Pop Labs, a software company that developed Vote Compass, a civic engagement application that shows voters how their views align with those of candidates running for election. Over two million people have used it to gauge where they stand with candidates in recent federal and provincial election campaigns.

He was the keynote speaker at the inaugural University of Guelph Political Science and International Development Studies Departments' Graduate Conference, which had as it theme Politics in the Age of Artificial Intelligence.

The conference was held all day Friday at The Arboretum Centre, and attracted political science graduate students from across the province.

Van der Linden has his finger on the pulse of current AI development. It is a rapid, frenetic pulse that is changing so exponentially that few are able to fathom the implications or consequences of it for political systems and society in general. But they could be disastrous.

Technology, and especially AI technology, is evolving at an unprecedented rate, he said. Last year, Googles GO computer beat the worlds most dominant GO master. It was believed to be an impossibility. There are currently self-driving cars in Pittsburgh, and weapons that can target and strike without human intervention.

AI is emerging in the medical and legal fields, and some believe it could one day replace judges in courtrooms, delivering better trial decisions than fallible human judges. Some even envision a time when sex workers will be replaced by robots.

AI is changing the landscape in extraordinary ways, he said. Many see it as our biggest existential threat.

One area where artificial intelligence is exploding is in the world of Big Data. And one highly influential branch of that is in the gathering of personal information based on Facebook, Twitter and Google activity.

Information is formulated by machine algorithms into profiles for the purpose of strategically targeting so-called programmatic advertising campaigns. Our profiles are then auctioned off in milliseconds to advertisers using AI bidding technology.

We are all being tracked throughout the Internet, he said. Wherever we visit online, we leave evidence of our visit.

It is now believed that such technology was used during the recent American election that brought Donald Trump to power, whereby swing voters were specifically targeted for election advertisements based on their Facebook likes and other online activity, van de Linden said.

This type of microtargeting advertising could become a staple of future election campaigns, specifically targeting swing voters that are likely to go out and vote.

On the bright side, while human beings are believed to be incapable of perfectly rational choices, that is what intelligent machines do best. AI has great potential as a supplement to our decision-making processes, enabling us to optimize our preferences and make more effective choices.

It is difficult to know where AI technology is leading us, but it is clear that it is now being used to amass power and influence among the elite of society, van der Linden concluded.

Government policy based in a strong understanding of the implications of the technology, is necessary. Critical inquiry and robust research is a must.

Van der Linden ended his presentation with a call to action to those present to take on the mantle of investigation into AIs repercussions for the electoral system and democracy.

The conference explored a broad range of subjects throughout the day, includinginternational development, food security, and populist politics.

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Is artificial intelligence our doom? - GuelphToday

Artificial Intelligence Still Needs a Human Touch – Wall Street Journal (subscription)

Artificial Intelligence Still Needs a Human Touch
Wall Street Journal (subscription)
Artificial intelligence has been flexing its creative muscles recently, making images, music, logos and other designs. In most cases, though, humans are still very much a part of the design process. When left to its own devices, AI software can create ...

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Artificial Intelligence Still Needs a Human Touch - Wall Street Journal (subscription)

Can Artificial Intelligence (AI) Improve the Customer Experience? – Customer Think

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is hot. One breathless press release predicted that by 2025, 95% of all customer interactions will be powered by AI.

AI is not new. Its not just about bots for self-service. Or self-driving cars. In general usage it means the usage of advanced analytics more than process automation based on rules. Can include the processing of natural language (e.g. Alexa, Siri, Watson), decision making using complex algorithms, and machine learning where the algorithms get better over time.

Heres one definition from AlanTuring.net:

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is usually defined as the science of making computers do things that require intelligence when done by humans. AI has had some success in limited, or simplified, domains. However, the five decades since the inception of AI have brought only very slow progress, and early optimism concerning the attainment of human-level intelligence has given way to an appreciation of the profound difficulty of the problem.

And another from Wikipedia:

Artificial intelligence (AI) is intelligence exhibited by machines. In computer science, the field of AI research defines itself as the study of intelligent agents: any device that perceives its environment and takes actions that maximize its chance of success at some goal. Colloquially, the term artificial intelligence is applied when a machine mimics cognitive functions that humans associate with other human minds, such as learning and problem solving (known as Machine Learning).

IBM has been pushing Watson (of Jeopardy fame), Salesforce.com launched Einstein last year, and my inbox is full of press releases and briefing requests this year from vendors big and small, all touting AI.

My question is: Can AI improve the Customer Experience? Please answer yes or no and explain in the comments below. Examples appreciated!

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Can Artificial Intelligence (AI) Improve the Customer Experience? - Customer Think

Art By Artificial Intelligence: AI Expands Into Artistic Realm – Wall Street Journal (blog) (subscription)

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In "Star Trek," the Starship Enterprise navigates space, the final frontier. But WSJ contributor Alexandra Samuel tells Tanya Rivero how "Star Trek" helped her navigate workplace dilemmas and learn valuable lessons. Photo: Getty

Some parents give their children an engraved pen set as a special gift. Some give a car. But many now give an apartment. Leonard Steinberg, president of real estate company Compass, and WSJ's Tanya Rivero, discuss the growing trend of parents purchasing apartments for their children. Photo: iStock

With more than 300 feet of waterfront space, this house is the perfect port for any boat owner.

WSJ's Paul Vigna and Nick Timiraos analyze the February employment report, representing the first full month of the Trump administration. They discuss whether the upbeat payrolls and hourly wages figures are likely to give the Federal Reserve the green light to carry out several interest rate increases this year. Photo: iStock

Researchers at Ohio State University say they've found a way to use food waste as an alternative to some of the carbon black in tires. Photo: OSU/Tell Collective

Uber Technologies says it will stop using technological tools such as "Greyball" to evade government officials seeking to identify and block the service's drivers. WSJ's Lee Hawkins explains. Photo: Associated Press

Clashes erupted between police and supporters of South Korea's impeached leader Park Geun-hye after the country's Constitutional Court ruled to eject her from office. At least two people have died in the protests, police said. Photo: Reuters

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Biology professor is elected a fellow of the Animal Behavior Society – Nevada Today

For more than 50 years the Animal Behavior Society has endeavored to promote the study of animal behavior on a biological level. Every year a handful of scientists who have made distinguished contributions to the study of the subject are chosen to be fellows. This year, College of Science Professor of Biology Vladimir Pravosudov was one of the few.

Pravosudov studies how small birds adapt to harsh environments. His current work focuses on chickadees, which can survive in the bleakest of wintery climates.

"They've always been of interest to me because these birds can actually live very far north, so they can survive with only a few hours of light, and then the rest is all-day sleeping," he said. "they cache a lot of food when its available in the fall, and they recover it in the winter when it could be minus 40 degrees Celsius, which is very cold. These birds use spatial memory to find these food caches, so they have amazing memories."

After comparing chickadees across a range of climates and geographies, Pravosudov has found that a chickadee's memory is adapted for its environment, and in more extreme circumstances - where food caching is necessary - the cognitive tools for memory are more developed. Providing such fascinating insight is what brought Pravosudov to the attention of his peers, and the recognition he has received has been humbling.

"Many of these people I would consider unofficial mentors," he said. "Not that I was a student with them, but I admire their work greatly, and I've read it and it helped the formation of my own ideas. This is an important society. I've been with the society for a long time and people that are a part of that group, they are very impressive."

Pravosudov received congratulations from his department chair, dean and University Provost.

"The ABS is the premier international society for scientists who study behavior," Jack Hayes, professor and biology department chair, said. "The society elected six Fellows this year, so only a very select group of highly accomplished scientists are elected. Congratulations, Vladimir on a well deserved honor."

"Professor Pravosudov is an excellent faculty member and the recognition of his scholarship by the Animal Behavior Society is well deserved," Jeff Thompson, dean of the College of Science, said. "Vladimir's research is fascinating and he mentors a large number of students that get to participate in his world class research. I am very proud to have Vladimir in the College of Science and greatly appreciate the recognition he brings to the University and the Biology Department."

Provost Kevin Carman echoed Thompson's praise, "Congratulations Vladimir, this prestigious recognition brings honor to the entire University."

While Pravosudov is happy to be recognized for the work he has done, he is also humble. He has conducted research with funding from the National Science Foundation since he began at the University in 2005, and while he believes that laurels are nice, he remains steadfastly focused on the importance of his work.

Looking to future research projects, he has submitted two pre-proposals to the National Science Foundation.

"We want to look at social networks in these birds," Pravosudov said. "We can see how these birds socialize. We can try to understand how they learn and transfer information socially. We can actually do experiments in the field, which is not very common, because traditionally cognition is studied in a lab."

Pravosudov is excited to continue his research, and his fellowship with the ABS is a cherry on top of a fulfilling career where his work is its own reward.

"I'm lucky to have spent most of my life doing what I love. I think it's a luxury. I've worked with animals and birds and I've never not been excited about something," Pravosudov said. "I think having a job like a professor at the University allows you to be like a little kid, always exposed to and learning new things, and I think that learning new things every day is the most exciting thing that I have in life.

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Biology professor is elected a fellow of the Animal Behavior Society - Nevada Today

Eritrean refugees in Missoula fled a nation of oppression and … – Helena Independent Record

MISSOULA -- The second-largest segment of recent refugees to Missoula comes from one of the worlds fastest-emptying nations.

That those attempting to flee Eritrea have to dodge troops at the border with shoot to kill orders only underlines the desperate, despotic conditions in the northeast African nation on the Red Sea.

A one-party government jealously guards the independence it gained from Ethiopia in 1991, two experts from the Horn of Africas war-torn region told a crowd of 200 Wednesday evening at the University of Montanas University Center Theater.

Eritrea has a program of national service whereby the Eritrean population less than 50 years of age are obliged to serve in the military, said Solomon Gofie, a visiting adjunct at UM from Addis Ababa University.

Though intended to last just 18 months, national service can extend for decades, at the discretion of the government.

Theres no way they get out, Gofie said. After doing the (military) services, the government orders them to construct boats, to engage in projects like mining or manufacturing. It means the chance of a young Eritrean man or woman going freely after the service is almost nil. Authorities have to decide when one has to be set free. The family and the community dont have any say on that.

Often, way into their 50s, theyre still being paid $10 a month for their service in the military, said Kimberly Maynard, a UM Mansfield Fellow in International Affairs who spent 20 years in conflict zones in northeastern Africa and works part time for the United States Agency for International Development.

Since winter arrived in November, Missoula has become home to seven Eritrean families who found refuge first in Ethiopia or the Mediterranean island of Malta after sneaking out of their home country. Theyre outnumbered only by those from the Democratic Republic of the Congo, who began arriving in August.

Gofie said hopes were high for a progressive future when Eritrea, the former northern province of Ethiopia, earned its independence in 1991. Its status as a nation was officially recognized by the United Nations in 1993.

But Isaias Afwerki, the enigmatic guerrilla leader who became the nations first president, remains in power. Eritrea, a small nation with between five and six million people, has lost half a million of those people prohibited outmigration, Maynard said.

The country has never held an election nor ratified a constitution. A United Nations commission has said the system of forced labor and other alleged human rights violations may constitute crimes against humanity.

One of the challenges is the ability to get information out of Eritrea, Maynard said. There is no foreign aid organization, no humanitarian organization, and the media is very, very controlled. Its only internal media, theres no foreign media. So its hard to get numbers.

What knowledge the outside world acquires of conditions in Eritrea comes mostly from those whove fled, she said. But even that avenue is unreliable as their access to in-country information is limited. Many fear reprisals against family and friends back in Eritrea who helped fund their escape.

War with Ethiopia in 1998-2000 resulted in nearly 100,000 deaths on both sides and devastated the Eritrean economy. Although there was a peace accord at the end, that didnt solve the hostilities between the two countries, Gofie said.

Eritrean officials accuse the United States of siding with Ethiopia, and while theres a chief of mission in the U.S. embassy in the capital of Asmara, a position Natalie E. Brown assumed last fall, an ambassador is not allowed.

Just two weeks ago, and last week also, the Ethiopian government is accusing Eritrea of sending armored people across the border, Gofie said.

All this, he added, makes outmigration one of very few options for the hopeless.

Maynard traced the common routes those fleeing Eritrea take, to Ethiopia and Sudan initially, and later on to Malta, Israel, Italy and other European nations. The journey involves dangerous and costly sea travel. In October 2013, a reported 366 Eritrean migrants drowned off the coast of the Italian island of Lampedusa. Most who survive end up in refugee camps, often separated from family and still facing uncertain futures.

A few navigate the vetting process and gain acceptance to the United States. Those whove landed in Missoula are by and large Christian Orthodox, and they're already sharing vestiges of a rich culture developed over thousands of years, which Maynard emphasized in her talk.

Its adding diversity and interest to our community, and most are heroes for having gone through what they went through, she said. But theyre also bringing so much, and the culture itself just offers so much.

By sharing such things as traditional foods, art and music in a sort of cross-pollination, the dignity of both cultures is realized, said Maynard.

I think thats when its a full welcome and theyre really now at home and living in Missoula.

Wednesday nights program, sponsored by UMs African-American Studies Program and Political Science Department, as well as Montana Model UN, was the third presented by Soft Landing Missoula in a series intended to foster understanding of the families arriving in Missoula through the auspices of international and United States refugee resettlement programs.

See more here:

Eritrean refugees in Missoula fled a nation of oppression and ... - Helena Independent Record

Is AG Jeff Sessions Quietly Waging a Second ‘War on Drugs’? – Atlanta Black Star

As Washington continues to wade through health care and immigration legislation, theres another battle on the horizon, with those in favor of marijuana legalization demanding answers from the administration on where it stands.

At times, Trumps position has shifted, though, as of late, hes claimed to be in favor of medical marijuana, stopping short of endorsing the full legalization of the drug or revealing whether hell interfere with state rights to do so. Meanwhile, newly installed Attorney General Jeff Sessions has been crystal clear about his own stance, infamously stating, Good people dont smoke marijuana

Now, Massachusetts and Maine, the latest states to legalize the drug, are left in limbo. Whereas the Obama administration had remained largely hands-off, allowing states to make their own laws regarding marijuana legalization and reducing sentences for a number of small drug offenses, under Sessions, the Justice Department may be poised to reverse that trend.

Last month, White House press secretary Sean Spicer alluded to such, telling reporters, I do believe that youll see greater enforcement. Theres a big difference between the medical use and recreational use, which is something the Department of Justice will be further looking into.

Since declaring drug abuse as enemy No. 1, the United States has doggedly pursued the failed War on Drug crusade, often at the expense of its own citizens. Coined in June 1971,the Nixon administration struck hard, increasing federal drug agencies and implementing harsh tactics that included mandatory sentencing. By 2011, the Global Commission on Drug Policy would admit that the global war on drugs has failed, with devastating consequences for individuals and societies around the world.

They added, Political leaders and public figures should have the courage to articulate publicly what many of them acknowledge privately that the evidence overwhelmingly demonstrates that repressive strategies will not solve the drug problem and that the war on drugs has not, and cannot, be won.

But, of course, we already knew that.

Even more disheartening, much of the drug war was by design, as revealed by John Ehrlichman, former Nixon domestic-policy chief and a key figure during the Watergate scandal. Ehrlichman admitted in a 1994 interview that, The Nixon campaign in 1968, and the Nixon White House after that, had two enemies: the antiwar left and Black people.

He added, You understand what Im saying? We knew we couldnt make it illegal to be either against the war or Black, but, by getting the public to associate the hippies with marijuana and blacks with heroin and then criminalizing both heavily, we could disrupt those communities. We could arrest their leaders, raid their homes, break up their meetings and vilify them night after night on the evening news. Did we know we were lying about the drugs? Of course, we did.

The damage was devastating to the Black community. By disproportionately targeting Blacks and other minorities, prison rates exploded, each administration playing its own role. This includes President Clintonwho, despite being immensely popular, was directly responsible for increasing the prison population by over 673,000 during his presidency. Of that injustice, New Jersey Sen. Cory Booker told ABCs This Week with George Stephanopoulos, We now have more African-Americans under criminal supervision than all the slaves back in the 1850s.

A study by the Justice Policy Institute revealed, Under President Bill Clinton, the number of prisoners under federal jurisdiction doubled and grew more than it did under the previous 12 years of Republican rule.

At just 12 percent of the U.S. population, African-American men are now 13 times more likely to be sent to prison for drug charges than their white counterparts. And, despite using illegal substances at roughly the same rate, studies show that African-Americans are still apt to receive longer sentences. Human Rights Watch says, The disparities are particularly tragic in individual states where Black men are sent to federal prison on drug charges at 57 times greater than White men.

As Ava DuVernays critically acclaimed 13th illustrates, though the 13th amendment formally abolished slavery and indentured servitude, the U.S. has continued to profit from free labor, now supplied via mass incarceration. By enacting stiff penalties for minor drug offenses, the United States prison population has soared, boosted by millions of Black and brown bodies.

Its a reality that entrepreneur Wanda James, widely credited as the first African-American to own a dispensary in Colorado, knows all too well. After being jailed for weed possession, her own brother was sentenced to 10 years in prison and forced to pick cotton in Texas.

It was then that James first likened the prison industry to a repackaged version of slavery, later explaining to Official Black Wall Street, Well, the whole Black and Latino thing is mind-boggling and to understand whats happening, you have to understand the prison system and the prison industrial complex. America was built on slave labor. It always has been.

She added to High Times, To have a Black man picking cotton seemed ridiculous. Where I went to school the University of Colorado my friends and I would sit out on the front stoop of the dorm and smoke weed. Cops would walk by and be like, Hey, put that away. Wed put it away, and I had never known that people were actually arrested for pot. I always thought it was a ticket.

Using her brothers story as inspiration, James opened a dispensary in Denver, joining just one percent of Black entrepreneurs in the cannabis industry. But with a shift in administration, she and others like her may now face roadblocks of their own, thanks in part to Sessions staunch anti-legalization ideology.

Making it clear that he will not bend, Sessions recently told reporters, I dont think America is going to be a better place when people of all ages, and particularly young people, are smoking pot. I believe its an unhealthy practice and current levels of THC in marijuana are very high compared to what they were a few years ago and were seeing real violence around that.

He added, States, they can pass the laws they choose. I would just say it does remain a violation of federal law to distribute marijuana throughout any place in the United States, whether a state legalizes it or not.

With neighboring states, including Nebraska, currently waging their own war against Colorados marijuana boom and with Sessions at the helm, it may become even harder for African-American entrepreneurs like James to prosper in the industry.

In truth, America does have a drug problem, but its not weed. Rather, its the opioid and heroin epidemic currently ravishing the nations heartland, suburbs and elsewhere. Much like marijuana was used as a scapegoat during Nixons time, under the Trump administration, it may once again become a catalyst for funneling more Black and brown bodies into private prisons across the nation.

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Is AG Jeff Sessions Quietly Waging a Second 'War on Drugs'? - Atlanta Black Star

Punjab poll promises: War on drugs, farm loan waiver – Business Standard

Among the first things that the Congress chief ministerial candidate in Punjab, Amarinder Singh, has promised to do after he assumes power is to tackle the drug menace by choking the supply of such intoxicants in four weeks. Anybody involved in the drug scourge will be dealt in accordance with law, howsoever powerful he may be. I have said within four weeks we will tackle this drugs problem," Singh told a crowded press conference in Chandigarh on Saturday. The increasing number of drug-abuse cases has been one of the poll planks of both the Congress and Aam Aadmi Party (AAP). The parties alleged that the drug menace and cases of drug abuse had seen a huge increase during the Akali regime under its patronage.

That apart, incidents of sacrilege, which hit several parts of the state, would also be investigated, he said.

Singh said his party had committed itself to providing good governance, besides focusing on health and education.

The Congress manifesto included the waiver of farm loans, a promise the new government will find tough to keep.

A farm debt waiver will have massive financial implications, particularly for an agrarian state like Punjab, and it will impact financial discipline, but given that in the last two years there has been a drought in North India, the new state government should consider such a relief but should keep it limited to small and marginal farmers, that is those who own less than two hectares, PK Joshi, South Asia director, International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), told Business Standard.

Sanjeeb Mukherjee

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Punjab poll promises: War on drugs, farm loan waiver - Business Standard

Killing and Lies: Philippine President Duterte’s ‘War on Drugs’ Exposed – Human Rights Watch

Vigilio Mirano didnt stand a chance.On Sept. 27, 2016, Mirano received a letter from local government officials in the Manila slum where he lived with his wife and two children implicating him as a drug user and ordering him to appear at a mass surrender ceremony on Sept. 30.

Hours later, four armed men dressed in black and wearing face masks burst into his home, dragged him into the outside alley and shot him six times in full view of his horrified family. The killers then drove away unimpeded through a nearby police checkpoint. A police report stated that Mirano had drawn a gun on anti-drug police and died in an exchange of gunfire. Witnesses call that account false.

Philippine President Rodrigo Duterte holds a compilation of pictures of people involved in drugs, as he speaks during a meeting in Davao city, southern Philippines. February 2, 2017.

2017 Reuters/Lean Daval Jr.

Mirano is a victim of the war on drugs declared by Philippine President Rodrigo Duterte and which Philippine national police personnel and unidentified gunmen have mostly waged in Manilas poorest areas. Dutertes drug-war foot soldiers have been chillingly efficient: the anti-drug campaigns death toll surpassed 7,000 at the end of January when the police stopped issuing weekly updated kill statistics.

Duterte has consistently justified the 2,555 killings acknowledged by the police between July 1, 2016 and Jan. 31, as a legitimate police response to armed suspects who fought back. Dutertes government has repeatedly dismissedallegations that the police have deployed death squads in a campaign of summary killings under the guise of anti-drug operations.

But research by Human Rights Watch into the death of Mirano and 31 other individuals killed since Dutertes election exposes the governments narrative of its drug war as a blatant falsehood. Interviews with witnesses to killings, relatives of victims and analysis of police records expose a damning pattern of unlawful police conduct designed to paint a veneer of legality over summary executions.

While the Philippine national police have publicly sought to distinguish between suspects killed while resisting arrest and killings by unknown gunmen or vigilantes, Human Rights Watch found no such distinction in the cases investigated. In several cases, the police dismissed allegations of involvement and instead classified such killings as found bodies or deaths under investigation when only hours before the suspects had been in police custody. Such cases call into question government assertions that the majority of killings were carried out by vigilantes or rival drug gangs.

The cases analyzed by Human Rights Watch showed planning and coordination by the police and in some cases local civilian officials. These killings were not carried out by rogue officers or by vigilantes operating separately from the authorities. Research indicates that police involvement in the killings of drug suspects extends far beyond the officially acknowledged cases of police killings in buy-bust operations.

Efforts to get accountability for drug-war deaths have gone nowhere. Philippine national police Director-General Ronaldo Dela Rosa has slammedcalls for a thorough and impartial probe of the killings as legal harassment and said it dampens the morale of police officers. Duterte and some of his key ministers have praised the killings as proof of the success of the anti-drug campaign. Duterte and Secretary of Justice Vitaliano Aguirre III have justified the trashing of the rule of law and due legal process for drug personalities by questioning the humanity of suspected drug users and drug dealers. On Feb. 24 police arrested the highest profile critic of the drug war, Senator Leila de Lima, on politically motivated drug charges following a relentless government campaignof harassment and intimidation because of her outspoken criticism of Dutertes war on drugs and her demands for accountability.

As the death toll rises, even after an official suspension of police anti-drug operations in January following revelations of thebrutal killing of a South Koreanbusinessman by alleged anti-drug police, its clear that the Philippine government has no intention to investigate these unlawful killings.

Thats why Human Rights Watch is calling on the United Nations to establish an independent international investigation into the killings. Dutertes repeated calls for anti-drug killings could constitute acts instigating law enforcement to commit murder. His statements encouraging vigilantes could constitute incitement to violence. Duterte, senior officials, and others implicated in unlawful killings could be held liable for crimes against humanity committed as part of a widespread or systematic attack on a civilian population.

The killing of Vigilio Mirano and thousands of other victims of Dutertes drug war calls for an urgent international response. Turning a blind eye to these crimes will merely ensure that such abuses continue.

Read more:

Killing and Lies: Philippine President Duterte's 'War on Drugs' Exposed - Human Rights Watch

Minnesota’s first residential gambling treatment center remains only one – Hastings Star Gazette

There have been lessons learned in how best to help those in need, but otherwise, only incremental gains have been made in responding to what many term the "silent addiction,'' according to today's team at the Vanguard program.

In terms of access to care for compulsive gambling, the country today is where it was in the early 1970s with treating chemical dependency, according to Mike Schiks, executive director and CEO of Project Turnabout, which also offers alcohol and drug recovery.

The Vanguard Center for Gambling Recovery in Granite Falls, an independent program within Project Turnabout, remains the only residential treatment program for compulsive gamblers in the state, and one of only a handful in the country, he said.

Most of those who arrive for care discover insurance companies do not cover their treatment costs, unlike the case for chemical dependency. Vanguard "stretches'' the funds made available by the state of Minnesota from unclaimed lottery prizes and its own fundraising efforts to make possible much of the care it offers, according to Schiks and Mark Sannerud, communications director for Project Turnabout.

Many other things remain the same as 25 years ago too. Only 1 to 10 percent of those who need help for compulsive gambling will obtain it, according to Sheryl Anderson, coordinator for Vanguard.

Their lives may be in a mess, but they put off getting help in the belief that it can all be solved with one big win.

"Just maybe I can get myself out of this,'' said Sherry Parker, director of residential services, of the thought pattern.

There's another, equally disturbing pattern with this disease: "It is pretty standard that people that have a gambling problem are seeking help for lots of other things way before they ever seek help for gambling specifically,'' Anderson said.

Anxiety; thoughts and attempts at suicide; financial, marital and family stress; and criminal behavior are among the issues that many will report as their problems. And yet, unless the question is directly asked, few will disclose that compulsive gambling is at the root of their troubles. "So much shame and stigma is associated with it,'' Anderson said.

The secret about this addiction that remains the most difficult to expose yet today is the toll that compulsive gambling takes on families and communities, according to Sannerud. Arrests of formerly law-abiding citizens. Divorces and broken families. Suicide attempts, ER visits. Bankruptcies.

Schiks believes more should be done to identify and steer those with gambling problems to the help they need. Every county has a designated professional whose job it is to assess people who may need chemical dependency treatment. Far harder to find are those trained to recognize problem gamblers.

"Most physicians, most social workers, most psychologists, most chaplains, get almost zero training in this area,'' Schiks said.

And in many ways, Minnesota is far ahead of other states. Some of those coming to Vanguard are from states where "zero" help is offered for this addiction, he said.

The Vanguard residential facility on the Project Turnabout campus in Granite Falls can care for 20 people at a time. There are usually 12 to 18 receiving treatment in any given week, Anderson said. Most patients remain for 30 days. Outpatient treatment and participation in Gamblers Anonymous or other programs is critical for recovery.

Obtaining continued care can be a challenge for those with this addiction, Schiks said. While virtually every small community has an Alcoholics Anonymous or Narcotics Anonymous group, Gamblers Anonymous groups are far fewer.

Men and women seem equally vulnerable to compulsive gambling. At Vanguard, it's been roughly a 53 percent to 47 percent split in terms of men and women receiving care, respectively.

Statistically, men are more likely to start gambling earlier in life, but they progress to the problem stage at a slower pace, Anderson said.

Women tend to start at a later age, but make up for the lost time quickly, she said. More so than men, they tend to gravitate toward video gaming machines, where the onset of compulsive gambling appears to have a faster progression.

Opportunities for gambling are never more than a smartphone away. The venues in Minnesota for gambling, whether it's sports betting, charitable gambling, or Indian casinos, have expanded greatly since Vanguard opened its doors.

Last year in the U.S., more than $9 billion was wagered during the "March Madness'' NCAA college basketball tournament, according to the NorthStar Gambling Alliance.

Schiks is quick to point out that there are many in the state's gaming industry who recognize the need to help compulsive gamblers. There is a certain portion of the population vulnerable to the addiction, while the majority of people can treat gaming as recreation without the adverse consequences, he explained.

"This isn't about good guys and bad guys. This is about certain folks desperately in need of help and they deserve it,'' he said.

Schiks said Vanguard's mission today remains exactly what it was 25 years ago: Giving those with the courage to walk through its doors hope to carry with them as they walk out.

Vanguard has met many challenges in its 25 years, including the need to rebuild after a tornado tore apart its then newly built facilities in 2000.

Schiks said the Project Turnabout board of directors remains committed to providing care for compulsive gamblers even though in many ways, the financial and societal challenges remain as daunting today as 25 years ago.

"At the bottom of it all is people are worth it,'' he said. "This population is worth it.''

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Minnesota's first residential gambling treatment center remains only one - Hastings Star Gazette

Iowa gambling regulators may consider impact of casinos when deciding on new licenses – GamingTodaySlotsToday

March 11, 2017 6:00 AM by Robert Mann

The Iowa Supreme Court has ruled that the state's gambling regulators may consider the impact of proposed casinos on existing ones when deciding new casino license applications.

The Friday decision upholds a district court judge's ruling in a Cedar Rapids attorney's challenge to the Iowa Racing and Gaming Commission.

Attorney Eugene Kopecky had sued the commission in 2015 claiming Iowa's gambling law doesn't allow the commission to base its licensing decisions on how much money a new casino might take away from those already operating.

The commission denied a Cedar Rapids casino license after Linn County voters in March 2013 approved a gambling referendum by a 22-percentage-point margin. However, the commission said it would take too much business from other operators.

The court's ruling Friday affirms that using such criteria is within the commission's authority.

Originally posted here:

Iowa gambling regulators may consider impact of casinos when deciding on new licenses - GamingTodaySlotsToday

Missouri problem gambling alliance members join national awareness effort – Buffalo Reflex (subscription)

For the 13th year, the Missouri Alliance to Curb Problem Gambling and its members are joining the National Problem Gambling Awareness Month campaign in March. The national campaign, recognized by the National Council on Problem Gambling (NCPG), aims to increase the publics awareness of problem gambling while encouraging anyone who knows someone that might be suffering from gambling addiction to Have the Conversation.

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Missouri problem gambling alliance members join national awareness effort - Buffalo Reflex (subscription)

UFC Fight Night 106 odds, gambling guide – MMA Fighting

Welcome MMA bettors, speculators, and gambling lurkers! Were back at it again for another week of comprehensive gambling analysis from your friends at MMAFighting.com. This weekend is a sneaky good card headlined by some legends potentially getting put out to pasture in violent and depressing ways.

For those of you who are new here or those who have forgotten, this aims to be an exhaustive preview of the fights, the odds, and my own personal breakdown of where you can find betting value. The number after the odds on each fighter is the probability of victory that those odds imply (so Belfort at +315 means he should win the fight 24 percent of the time). If you think he wins more often than the odds say, you should bet it because there's value in the line.

All stats come from FightMetric and all the odds are from Best Fight Odds. Net Value means how much money you would have made if you bet $100 on that fighter in every one of his/her fights that odds could be found for. Doubly as always, I'm trying to provide the most thorough guide I can for those who want to legally bet or who just enjoy following along. If you are a person who chooses to gamble, only do so legally, responsibly, and at your own risk.

Now with all that out of the way, lets get to it.

Breakdown

For what may be his final fight, former UFC champion Vitor Belfort takes on one of the best young fighters in the game in what appears to be a changing of the guard moment for Kelvin Gastelum.

Belfort is the last remaining relic of the early days of the UFC, having made his debut at UFC 12. Though hes closing in on 40, Belfort is still, somehow, one of the better athletes in the middleweight division, when hes on point. He still maintains speed and power to make him dangerous at least, but lately that danger is only present for the first four minutes before he either tires or loses confidence (its hard to tell which is the culprit, really). He doesnt throw in volume but his single strikes are enough to end a fight if they land. Other than that though, Belfort doesnt bring much to the table anymore. A veteran of 20 years, he can, theoretically, do everything and present danger, but lately that just hasnt been the case. Hes pretty much all-in on the knockout.

Gastelum is one of the best welterweights in the world and, by virtue of middleweight being a thin division and his own inability to properly manage his weight, hes become one of the top 185 pounders as well. Aggression and pace are the basis of Gastelums game and, at only 25, he is only getting better. Gastelum comes forward from the jump and rarely relents, throwing jabs and hooks to corral opponents up against the cage, where he can unload with flurries or shoot in on the hips. As a wrestler, he favors an explosive double-leg, and on top he is ferocious with his striking. Hes also proven adept at scrambling to the back when the option is presented to him.

This fight is one-way traffic for Gastelum. One of the biggest weaknesses of a prime Belfort was being a bit of a front-runner who breaks under pressure; a substantially diminished Belfort doesnt figure to fair very well against the unrelenting pressure Gastelum brings. Outside of one last Hail Mary (possible considering this is Belforts likely retirement and its in Brazil), Belfort is in for a world of hurt. The pick is Gastelum by first-round stoppage and Gastelum is a fine inclusion into a parlay.

Breakdown

Former light heavyweight champion Mauricio Rua returns to the cage against Chris Weidmans training partner, Gian Villante, in a bout with low stakes but potentially fun action. Neither man is close to contention, nor figures to ever be (or be again in Shoguns case) but this could be a good, old-fashioned slobber-knocker for as long as the chins hold up.

Rua is a former UFC champion and he got there on the back of lethality in all phases. On the feet, Rua has thudding kicks and some of the hardest pure punching in the division. Recently, hes developed into more of a counterpuncher, relying on expert timing and shot selection to brutalize his opponents. Rua is also dangerous in the clinch, where he has some of the most vicious knees in the history of the sport. While hes a poor defensive wrestler, on the floor, Shogun is a dynamic grappler with an excellent array of sweeps.

Villante is a bit of a brawler, robust for the division and packing a wallop. While he can work jabs and kicks on the outside, more often than not Villante finds himself getting into pocket exchanges. His power and volume make this a solid proposition for him, but he also lacks defense and gets hit a lot in these exchanges. Outside of that, Villante is a good defensive wrestler and competent, if unexciting on the mat.

Its hard for me to envision Shogun as a favorite over anyone these days considering how shopworn he has look of late, but I understand why he is here; despite his decline, Shogun is still a potent offensive force and Villante is far too prone to getting hit. If Villante cracks him early or Shogun shows up out of shape, Villante could easily win this fight, but the more likely scenario is Shogun bides his time and lands a big counter that shuts the lights off on Villante. The pick is Rua by KO in the second round, but I wouldnt feel confident with money on this one.

Breakdown

Two top-10 lightweights meet in a bout that, under normal circumstances, would put them a win or two away from a title shot. However, in todays current back-logged lightweight division, the winner here needs to really show out to make enough of an impression to get themselves into true title contention.

Edson Barboza is one of the best pure strikers in the UFC. An absurd athlete, Barboza is an out fighter, pure and simple, and he blends power and speed together in a lethal combination on the feet. Barboza prefers to operate at range where his devastating kicks can be most effective, but hes also developed a strong interior game as well, working combinations in the pocket and attacking all levels of his opposition. Footwork, pace, and a bulletproof takedown defense are all skills which Barboza excels at and make him a handful for anyone in the division.

Beneil Dariush is the opposite of Barboza, a pressure fighter who does his best work as a submission grappler. A Rafael Cordeiro product, Dariush excels at coming forward behind his jab and left body kick. Once he has his opponents back against the fence, he enters into the clinch where he is adept at mixing knees and elbows to create openings for trip takedowns. On the floor, Dariush is one of the best grapplers in the division, if not the UFC. A multiple-time BJJ world champion at lower belt rankings, Dariush is a slick control-and-pass grappler with lethal finishing skills.

This is a classic matchup between a pressure fighter and an out fighter. Historically, Barboza has struggled with consistent pressure and Dariush is nothing if not persistent in that regard. However, lately Barboza has become much better at maintaining his preferred range and the development of a pocket boxing attack has allowed him to thrive even when his opponents dont choose to give him the space to uncork his vicious kicks. Since it seems unlikely that Dariush will be able to take down Barboza, this fight figures to be mostly a striking bout, and in that, I favor Barbozas speed, power, technique, and volume to bust up Dariush. The pick is Barboza by decision, but the odds are good so I dont advise a bet.

Breakdown

This is a gangbusters flyweight matchup that would position the winner on the shortlist for next flyweight title challenger. Jussier Formiga is the one-time flyweight kingpin and since joining the UFC has been just a hairs breadth away from challenging for the belt. Ray Borg is the young up-and-comer looking to establish himself as a real threat to the upper echelon of the division.

Formiga is a Nova Uniao product and one who has grown tremendously in the last few years. Previously, Formiga made his bones as a slick grappler, particularly adept at finding the back against even elite competition. To make this happen, hes a fair wrestler and smothering control artist. However, Formiga is no longer a one-trick pony, having developed a competent counter-striking game to back up his lethal grappling.

Borg is also a grappler by nature, but one more reliant on scrambles than Formiga. He excels at leaving room for his opponents to move and then beating them around the turn to snake to the back. As a striker though, Borg is still developing. His punches are mainly used as a diversion for his takedowns and he has yet to prove himself dangerous on the feet.

A couple of years from now, this would be Borgs fight to lose. Hes much younger and a better pure athlete, but at this juncture, his game doesnt matchup all that well against the savvy grappling of Formiga. Borg needs takedowns to win this fight and Formiga is an exceptional counter wrestler. Moreover, when Borg attempts to wrestle with Formiga, he is creating the openings for Formiga to get to the back a skill he is one of the very best in the world at. Plus, while hes not Jose Aldo on the feet, Formiga is a more polished striker at this point and enjoys a fairly substantial reach advantage. If Borg has made great strides (possible at his age, working at Jackson-Wink) then perhaps he outboxes Formiga, but the more likely scenario is Borg suffers a classic prospect loss to one of the best in the division. The pick is Formiga, and if you can get him at plus money, I suggest a bet.

Breakdown

Bethe Correia is a former title challenger, oft derided for her performances thus far in the UFC. But Correia has made serious improvements in the last couple of years and figures to be a tough out for Mario Reneau, who has underwhelmed considering her physical tools.

Correia plies her trade on the feet, cutting angles and burying her opponents under a high output of punches. What she lacks in power she makes up for with volume, and she can both pressure and fight on the counter. Aside from that, Correias doesnt offer much else though. She is a solid defensive wrestler, but she rarely looks to shoot takedowns of her own or play on the ground.

Reneau is a well-rounded fighter whos competent in all phases and is still a plus athlete despite nearing 40. On the feet, shes quick with her punches but often throws single strikes. On the ground, shes a BJJ black belt but she rarely shoots for takedowns. Once there though, she has excellent passing skills and she is also a threat off her back. Reneaus best area is probably the clinch, where she can overwhelm less physical opponents like she did with Milana Dudieva.

Reneau has the tools to win this bout but the style matchup doesnt favor her. Correia may not be the most skilled fighter in the division, but she is tough and scrappy and makes the most out of her talents. She also has good enough footwork and defensive wrestling to make this a striking matchup, and though Reneau may be slightly more technical, Correias volume should win the day. The pick is Correia by decision and betting Correia at plus money isnt bad.

Breakdown

You may remember Tim Means and Alex Oliveira fought just a few months ago at UFC 207, a debacle of a fight where Means illegally kneed Oliveira in the head multiple times and Joe Rogan and Marc Ratner got confused about the legality of the knees. In the end, Means was lucky to escape with a No Contest instead of a DQ, and now the two welterweights meet again to settle up.

Oliveira is an athlete, pure and simple. He throws strikes in single shots and most carry serious power and speed. His wrestling is also good, relying on explosion to force the issue rather than a depth of technique, and on the ground he is very competent. Oliveiras big weaknesses are his cardio, which is questionable at times, and his over-reliance on his athletic gifts instead of steady fundamentals.

Means is a pressure fighter with a long frame for the division, who drowns opponents under a barrage of straight punches on the outside, that turn into knees and elbows as Means moves to the clinch, his preferred range. Inside, hes a handful with his strikes, but he also has a solid wrestling game he can use in tie-ups, and hes excellent at passing and punishing on top.

We saw this fight just a few months ago and it was pretty clearly heading towards a Means victory. I see no reason why this time would be any different. In their first fight, Oliveiras success was short lived and almost entirely based on the fact that hes a better athlete. He certainly could uncork another spinning back kick and body Means (he always the potential to do that), but the much more likely scenario is Means chips him down with elbows and punches before getting a stoppage in the second round. I like Means to win, but the odds are too long to warrant any plays.

Francisco Trinaldo (+150/40%) vs. Kevin Lee (-175/64%)

This fight is hot fire. Trinaldo is an athletic (but aging) southpaw with big power and sharp technique and distance management to back it up. Lee is also an explosive athlete, but his best success comes as a result of his wrestling. Lee is competent on the feet but where he excels is with his shot double leg takedowns and top control. Trinaldo is certainly dangerous, but Lee is 12 years younger, has seven inches of reach, and can exploit Trinaldos weak takedown defense. This is close to a pick em fight, but ultimately Ive gotta go with the younger grappler to win a close decision. That said, there may be a touch of value on Trinaldo here, and if you wanted to take that, I wouldnt fault you for it.

Sergio Moraes (-235/70%) vs. Davi Ramos (+195/34%)

This is a super interesting fight between two very accomplished grapplers. Moraes is a multiple-time world champion in BJJ and Ramos has an ADCC title to his name. Moraes is a better striker at this point (though not by leaps) and has better footwork, whereas Ramos is less reckless than Moraes with a touch more power and a much better wrestling game. Ramos is also a lightweight moving up here and coming in on short notice, which gives me pause. Still, Moraes isnt a great defensive wrestler and his propensity for wild swings on the feet will open him up for takedowns. Against a lot of guys that might be okay, but Ramos is probably better on top than Moraes is on his back. Thus I like Ramos to win a decision, and I like a small bet on him since the odds are so far apart.

Rani Yahya (-180/64%) vs. Joe Soto (+155/39%)

Yahya is a grappler by trade with a deep background in competition jiu-jitsu, and his game looks like that. He almost exclusively looks to take opponents down, and though hes not a great wrestler, hes dogged in his pursuit of them. Soto is also best as a grappler, but he has a deeper striking game reliant on pressure, although hes not a good defensive wrestler. That will be his undoing, as Yahya is relentless enough with takedowns that he should secure them, and Soto, while good on the ground, will be a step behind. Yayha wins a decision, but truth be told, the odds are a bit long on him here so Id pass on a bet.

Michel Prazeres (-245/71%) vs. Josh Burkman (+205/33%)

Prazeres is a former BJJ player of some accomplishment who is built like a pile of bricks and can wing punches with power, but does his best work on top. Burkman is a savvy veteran, well-versed in all areas and possessing his own power and a solid two-way wrestling game. This is a tough fight to call. Burkman has a clear size advantage (four inches of height and five inches of reach) and also has an edge in style (Trator wants to work from on top and Burkman is the better wrestler). That being said, Burkman has been on a major skid, hasnt looked great since dropping to lightweight, and may well be done as a fighter. The pick is Prazeres, but thats mostly a fade of Burkman and I wouldnt suggest you put money on Burkman despite the odds being off here.

Rony Jason (-110/52%) vs. Jeremy Kennedy (-110/52%)

Jason is an archetype were seeing more and more in MMA: a great athlete who can threaten anywhere but lacks the fundamental sinew that stitches a full game together. He could win in a flash or he could stand idly on the feet or allow himself to be taken down and chase submissions fruitlessly off his back. Kennedy is the opposite of Jason. Hes not a phenomenal athlete and he employs a hard-nosed, grinding style backed by solid top position grappling and durability to win rounds and fights. Kennedy is younger, bigger, more likely to improve, and has a big stylistic advantage here, thus, he wins this fight more often than not. As stated, Jason is always a threat, but considering Kennedys edges, I like him to win and I like him for a bet if the odds stay here.

Garreth McLellan (+220/31%) vs. Paulo Henrique Costa (-265/73%)

McLellan is an everyman, competent at most phases but nothing stands out. His biggest strengths are his toughness and his willingness to attack the body with kicks and punches at range. Borrachinha is a TUF: Brazil 3 castoff who has put together wins on the regional circuit on the back of his natural athleticism and power. This looks to be favorable for the Brazilian, who is the much more threatening fighter; however, on TUF, Borrachinhas cardio was a concern and since then he hasnt had to fight past the first round, so it possible McLellan weathers the early storm and takes over late with body work. But still, the more likely scenario is Borrachinha finishes McLellan. Bet-wise, the line is off and McLellan has value, but I wouldnt advise it.

That's all folks. Enjoy the fights everyone and good luck to those who need it. If you've got any questions, feel free to hit me up on Twitter @JedKMeshew

(Editor's note: All of this advice is for entertainment purposes only.)

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UFC Fight Night 106 odds, gambling guide - MMA Fighting