US photographer travels the world photographing redheads (PHOTOS) – IrishCentral

Good news for anybody with an appreciation of redheads as from June 2017, youll be able to get your hands on a fantastic new portrait book dedicated solely to the beauty of red hair.

American photographer Brian Dowling previously worked for six years for the likes of Fox, MTV and Getty images, photographing celebrities in LA during press junkets and the like but not creating anything he thought was incredibly memorable.

Although Dowlings mother is from Taiwan, his grandparents hail from Co. Laois in Ireland (and is it any wonder with a name as Irish as Brian Dowling) and he blames this for his fascination with red hair and a love for its beauty and uniqueness.

First acquiring the Instagram name @redheads, he began posting some of the images of the redhead celebrities and models he shot but it quickly turned into a passion art project that chose to break out of the confines of models alone and find redheads from all over the world that he could photograph.

11

Grace from Malahide. Image credit: Brian Dowling

About a year ago, he moved to Berlin in Germany, for a taste of a slower pace of life in comparison to LA and New York, where Dowling says you can work yourself to death. Beginning to build a following on his Instagram account, he set out to travel to 20 countries capturing the essence of redheads from all over the world.

Read more:Founders of National Love Your Red Hair Day launch new redhead beauty book

11

Madelaine from Washington State. Image credit: Brian Dowling

It started as a fun Instagram project, Dowling said.

I would post celebrity redhead photos I would take at work and post them. Then it slowly evolved into me taking photos of people that followed me on Instagram and then it grew from there over the course of three summers.

11

Kirstie from Glencoe, Scotland. Image credit: Brian Dowling

Now at the end of the initial stage of his project and having photographed 130 redheads in 20 different countries, Dowling has established a Kickstarter to publish his first book of portraits entitled Redhead Beauty.

11

Elainna from Modesto, California. Image credit: Brian Dowling

I started this project just for fun, but I kept getting many emails from people telling me how they liked how my photos arent overly sexualized and how it made them feel proud of being a redhead, said Dowling.

So, I eventually decided to call the book Redhead Beauty because I wanted people to see my images and break down a couple stereotypes.

11

Natasha from London. Image credit: Brian Dowling

Including redheads from countries such as Sweden, the Ukraine, Russia, the Netherlands, Brazil and, of course, Ireland, many of the women photographed had no previous experience with shoots such as this but the chance for fun, adventure and to have some free photos taken by a professional made them eager to take part in a fascinating project that delves into what makes red hair so special.

11

A model in Italy. Image credit: Brian Dowling

Meeting up with new Instagram friends for 40-minute shoots, Dowling would spend the first ten to fifteen minutes talking with his new models to settle any nerves they may have about the shoot and it was often during these chats that the anti-redhead sentiments some of them had previously experienced came out.

Read more:10 ways to celebrate National Love Your Red Hair Day

11

Alisha from Odessa, the Ukraine. Image credit: Brian Dowling

I learned that South Park ruined a lot of childhoods, Dowling explained, emphasizing that he believed this was mainly a problem in certain countries in Europe and in America.

I started asking people if they were bullied and even across Europe many people brought up that infamous episode. On a positive note, I learned that people really appreciated what I was doing and that having red hair makes you a member of this elite club, he continued, happy to share that several of his more amateur models felt the photography project had gone some way in building their confidence as redheads.

11

Nena from Bratislava, Slovenia. Image credit: Brian Dowling

While Dowling plans to get the first book published this year through the Kickstarter campaign, hes far from finished with photographing those with red hair and hopes to get to some of the stranger places where it can be found in the future.

11

Chelbie from South Carolina. Image credit: Brian Dowling

I thought 20 was a nice round number to begin a Kickstarter campaign, but I hope in the future I can add more diversity to the project by visiting Mexico, Brazil, Turkey, Israel, and Lebanon, he said.

Two big surprises for most of your readers will probably be that Israel has a lot of redheads. I think it is about 6% and Brazilians have a huge admiration for people with red hair, Dowling writes.

11

Daria in St. Petersburg, Russia. Image credit: Brian Dowling

You can find the Redhead Beauty Kickstarter here.

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US photographer travels the world photographing redheads (PHOTOS) - IrishCentral

KESSINGER: Red Heads a hidden Ozarks hoops gem. – Christian County Headliner News

I couldnt help but think of my beloved Grammy whom the rest of the world called Thelma Venable when I listened to Willa Faye Mason speak. There was just something about the twinkle in her eye and her love of basketball.

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KESSINGER: Red Heads a hidden Ozarks hoops gem. - Christian County Headliner News

Vintage Redheads opens in Geneseo – Geneseo Republic

Geneseos newest retail shop is a mix of vintage, shabby chic and chippy primitives.

Geneseos newest retail shop is a mix of vintage, shabby chic and chippy primitives.

VintageRedheads is located at 101 S.State Street, in the former Geneseo City Hall building. The shop opened to the public on Saturday,March 25.

Owners Nan and Russ Trahan decided that they were ready to take the step of offering their unique blend of decor in a permanent location.

We had been doing shows and loved it, but felt we were ready to simplify and consolidate in one location, said Nan..

The Trahans have been married for 30 years and are both ordained ministers. They share a passion for the hand-made, authentic and unusual.

Russ makes many of the pieces here in the store, said Nan. They are all one of a kind.

In addition to their displays, the Trahans have a master plan for other endeavors.

Upstairs we are planning vignettes of decades, a meeting room for events and even wedding design and decor services. We are planning to offer couples vintage collections for weddings that will go beyond the ordinary, said Nan.

Wedding designs will incorporate florals along with period pieces reflecting a couples personal style.

The Trahans are planning a grand opening on April 8.

We are so happy to be in this location with the support and encouragement of so many. Our journey continues to be blessed, said Nan.

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Vintage Redheads opens in Geneseo - Geneseo Republic

Theory of the Earth – CaltechAUTHORS

Anderson, Don L. (1989) Theory of the Earth. Blackwell Scientific Publications , Boston, MA. ISBN 0865423350 http://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechBOOK:1989.001

Use this Persistent URL to link to this item: http://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechBOOK:1989.001

The maturing of the Earth sciences has led to a fragmentation into subdisciplines which speak imperfectly to one another. Some of these subdisciplines are field geology, petrology, mineralogy, geochemistry, geodesy and seismology, and these in turn are split into even finer units. The science has also expanded to include the planets and even the cosmos. The practitioners in each of these fields tend to view the Earth in a completely different way. Discoveries in one field diffuse only slowly into the consciousness of a specialist in another. In spite of the fact that there is only one Earth, there are probably more Theories of the Earth than there are of astronomy, particle physics or cell biology where there are uncountable samples of each object. Even where there is cross-talk among disciplines, it is usually as noisy as static. Too often, one discipline's unproven assumptions or dogmas are treated as firm boundary conditions for a theoretician in a slightly overlapping area. The data of each subdiscipline are usually consistent with a range of hypotheses. The possibilities can be narrowed considerably as more and more diverse data are brought to bear on a particular problem. The questions of origin, composition and evolution of the Earth require input from astronomy, cosmochemistry, meteoritics, planetology, geology, petrology, mineralogy, crystallography, materials science and seismology, at a minimum. To a student of the Earth, these are artificial divisions, however necessary they are to make progress on a given front. In Theory of the Earth I attempt to assemble the bits and pieces from a variety of disciplines which are relevant to an understanding of the Earth. Rocks and magmas are our most direct source of information about the interior, but they are biased toward the properties of the crust and shallow mantle. Seismology is our best source of information about the deep interior; however, the interpretation of seismic data for purposes other than purely structural requires input from solid-state physics and experimental petrology. Although this is not a book about seismology, it uses seismology in a variety of ways. The "Theory of the Earth" developed here differs in many respects from conventional views. Petrologists' models for the Earth's interior usually focus on the composition of mantle samples contained in basalts and kimberlites. The simplest hypothesis based on these samples is that the observed basalts and peridotites bear a complementary relation to one another, that peridotites are the source of basalts or the residue after their removal, and that the whole mantle is identical in composition to the inferred chemistry of the upper mantle and the basalt source region. The mantle is therefore homogeneous in composition, and thus all parts of the mantle eventually rise to the surface to provide basalts. Subducted slabs experience no barrier in falling through the mantle to the core-mantle boundary.

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Theory of the Earth - CaltechAUTHORS

Not dinosaurs, this time Ross Geller wants you to know about sexual harassment – India Today

You've smiled at his misery, you've revelled in his glorious obsession with dinosaurs and you've shipped him with Rachel Green for ten years straight. But this Ross Geller is different. This Ross Geller is trying to engage you in a conversation that, unlike planetology, concerns everyone.

A series of six short films by Israeli-American filmmaker, Sigal Avin, touches upon the glaring issue of sexual harassment and features her actor friend, David Schwimmer fondly remembered as Ross Geller from the sitcom, FRIENDS.

Inspired by real-life experiences, the six shorts come with titles like The Coworker, The Actor, The Boss, The Doctor, The Photographer and The Politician. As simple as the titles are, they seek to convey how sexual harassment isn't limited to a particular profession or space and that literally no one is immune to its perils. Originally released in Israel (2016) the series had five parts whereas its American adaptation released in 2017 has six shorts that explore the various forms of sexual harassment.

Also Read: How sexual assault affects its survivors and what you can do to help

In an interview for Cosmopolitan, Avin admitted that one of the six shorts, The Actor, was in fact, inspired by something she experienced nearly 18 years ago.

"The first script I wrote was based on my personal story, the one with the actor. That's something that happened to me about 18 years ago, when I was a young playwright and I came to talk with a very famous star at that point," Cosmopolitan quotes her as saying, before she describes the incident at length.

Also Read: TVF CEO Arunabh Kumar unreachable since blog accusing him of harassment went viral, say friends

Schwimmer, who's the co-producer of the shorts, also mentioned how he "grew up with stories of sexual harassment" from his mom and how "every woman in my family, in my life, has been harassed, except my daughter, thank god, who's only 6."

It must be noted that despite cultural differences, these six shorts aren't merely relevant to Israel or America alone, but also hit close to home. Only recently, a series of sexual harassment allegations were made against the CEO of The Viral Fever, Arunabh Kumar and against the founder of a prominent period product, Miki Agrawal, who were both accused of harassing their colleagues in a workplace environment.

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Not dinosaurs, this time Ross Geller wants you to know about sexual harassment - India Today

Veteran NASA spacewoman getting 3 extra months in orbit – Arizona Daily Sun

CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. (AP) The world's oldest and most experienced spacewoman is getting three extra months in orbit.

NASA announced Wednesday that astronaut Peggy Whitson will remain on the International Space Station until September. The 57-year-old astronaut arrived last November and was supposed to return to Earth in June. But under an agreement between NASA and the Russian Space Agency, she'll stay another three months and take advantage of an empty seat on a Soyuz capsule in the fall.

This mission her third will now last close to 10 months. Scientists are eager to monitor any changes to her body, to add to the knowledge gained from retired astronaut Scott Kelly's recent one-year flight.

The two men she flew up with in November France's Thomas Pesquet and Russia's Oleg Novitskiy will return in June without her.

Whitson has already spent more time in space than any other woman, counting all her missions, and just last week set a record for the most spacewalks by a woman, with eight.

This weekend, she'll take over as space station commander, her second time at the job.

And on April 24, she'll set a new U.S. record for most accumulated time in space. That NASA record 534 days is currently held by former space station resident Jeffrey Williams.

Whitson welcomed Wednesday's news.

"I love being up here," she said in a statement. "Living and working aboard the space station is where I feel like I make the greatest contribution, so I am constantly trying to squeeze every drop out of my time here. Having three more months to squeeze is just what I would wish for."

NASA's space station program director, Kirk Shireman, said Whitson's skill and experience make her "an incredible asset" up there, and her extra time will be put to good use.

There will be a return seat for Whitson in September because the Soyuz due to launch later this month will carry up one American and one Russian, one person fewer than usual. Russia is temporarily cutting back to two station residents. With Whitson's extended stay, the orbiting outpost will continue to have a full crew of six.

Whitson, a biochemist who grew up on a farm in Iowa, became an astronaut in 1996. She served as NASA's chief astronaut from 2009 to 2012, the only woman to ever hold the job.

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Veteran NASA spacewoman getting 3 extra months in orbit - Arizona Daily Sun

Big asteroid to whiz by Earth this month, NASA says don’t worry – ABC Action News

(CNN) -- A large asteroid is hurtling toward Earth -- but there's no need to duck and cover.

The space rock, known by the very dull name of 2014 JO25 will safely fly by Earth on April 19, according to NASA. The chances of it pounding our planet and leaving us for the dead? Zero, experts say.

"Although there is no possibility for the asteroid to collide with our planet, this will be a very close approach for an asteroid of this size," NASA said in a statement.

What size are we talking about? Measurements taken by NASA's NEOWISE space probe indicate the asteroid is about 2,000 feet (650 meters) in size. That's about 670 yards (613 meters), or about the length of six NFL football fields.

And how close is "very close"? NASA says this rock will come about 1.1 million miles (1.8 million kilometers) from Earth. That's about 4.6 times the distance from Earth to the moon. The moon, by the way, is about 239,000 miles (384,400 kilometers) from Earth.

While several small asteroids pass within this distance of Earth a few times a week, this is the closest by any known asteroid of this size or bigger in 13 years -- since asteroid Toutatis in 2004, according to the space agency.

Can you see asteroid 2014 JO25? Well, maybe. This asteroid has a reflective surface and you might be able to see it with a telescope.

"The asteroid will approach Earth from the direction of the sun and will become visible in the night sky after April 19," NASA said.

If you don't have your own telescope, you can watch the asteroid online.

Astronomers discovered 2014 J025 three years ago (you guessed it in 2014). This will be its closest encounter with Earth for the last 400 years. NASA said telescopes around the world will be trained on it during the flyby to try to learn more about it.

"Radar observations are planned at NASA's Goldstone Solar System Radar in California and the National Science Foundation's Arecibo Observatory in Puerto Rico, and the resulting radar images could reveal surface details as small as a few meters," NASA said.

If you head out to try to spot the asteroid, you might also want to check out comet PanSTARRS (C/2015 ER61). It also is making its closest approach to Earth -- coming about 109 million miles (175 million kilometers) from the planet. NASA said it's visible in the dawn sky with binoculars or a small telescope.

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Big asteroid to whiz by Earth this month, NASA says don't worry - ABC Action News

Photos of Jupiter From NASA Spacecraft, Both Near and Far – New York Times


New York Times
Photos of Jupiter From NASA Spacecraft, Both Near and Far
New York Times
NASA is getting new looks at Jupiter, from close up and far away. Its Juno spacecraft made its fifth just-above-the-cloud-tops dive of Jupiter on March 27, its eight instruments gathering data on the planet's interior as it accelerated to 129,000 miles ...
NASA releases new close-ups of JupiterNBC4i.com
21 Amazing Photos of Jupiter Just Sent Back to Earth by NASA's $1 Billion Juno ProbeObserver
NASA's Hubble takes close-up portrait of Jupiter NASA/Goddard Space Flight CenterEurekAlert (press release)
Daily Mail -WBXH -SpaceCoastDaily.com -NASA
all 118 news articles »

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Photos of Jupiter From NASA Spacecraft, Both Near and Far - New York Times

NASA unveiled new plans for getting humans to Mars, and hardly anyone noticed – The Planetary Society (blog)

Jason Davis April7,2017

Last week, NASA did something many have demanded it do since the Space Launch System was unveiled in 2011: Provide more details on how the agency will send humans to Mars.

During two presentations to the NASA Advisory Council, associate administrator Bill Gerstenmaier showed off the latest designs for a small, Moon-orbiting space station and a larger, reusable transport ship to carry astronauts to Mars and back.

It's NASA's most concrete plan yet for sending humans back into deep space. But beyond a smattering of articles, hardly anyone noticed.

That's probably okay with Gerstenmaier. Wary of being buffeted by political winds, NASA treads lightly these daysat least, publicly. Advisory Council meetings aren't really promoted, and the agency isn't exactly shouting the plan from the rooftops, beyond a single article that appeared on March 28.

Back in 2014, I described NASA's deep space exploration plans like this:

Three years later, the game continues. While NASA works to keep its stakeholders happy and navigate potential changes ordered by the Trump administration, Bill Gerstenmaier and the agency's human exploration directorate are busy getting the Space Launch System and Orion ready for a test flight next year. That means it's time to get serious about the next steps.

"There's now a sense of urgency," Gerstenmaier said last week. "The hope is we've created enough of a framework that folks can see that there's a real plan worth executing. But also, it's not so defined that it if some piece changes, the entire plan gets thrown away and we start all over again."

NASA

NASA's Obama-era "Journey to Mars" slogan has largely been replaced with a more generalized mandate to expand human presence into deep space, which includes Mars. The agency still plans to spend the 2020s learning how to live and work in lunar orbit, before starting trips to Mars in the 2030s. The most noticeable change seems to be a strong emphasis on making sure international and commercial partners have lots of opportunities to participate, and leverage NASA's cislunar presence for their own programs.

That cislunar presence is modestly named "Phase 1," the core of which is a small space station called the Deep Space Gateway, or DSG.

To say the DSG is a miniature International Space Station isn't quite accurate. It isn't meant to be continually staffed; with Orion docked, it only supports a crew of four for 42 days. The DSG has a propulsion module, habitation module, and possibly an airlock for spacewalks. It will likely have an updated version of the beloved Canadarm, and possibly an advanced glass cupola offering 360-degree views of the Moon and Earth.

The DSG would be assembled by 2025, over the course of three SLS flightseach of which will launch with a crewed Orion capsule. NASA would rely on commercial or international partners for resupply flights, and a final SLS mission to bring up the airlock is notionally scheduled for 2026.

Building the DSG will allow NASA to practice pulling off complex deep space rendezvous, while learning to live and work where a quick return to Earth is not possible.

Another key component of the DSG is a 40-kilowatt solar-electric propulsion system. That's an order of magnitude more powerful than any SEP system operating today.

The SEP system allows the DSG to transition between an always-in-sunlight halo orbit to other orbits that could be useful for other applications, including lunar landings. That could make the new outpost an attractive destination.

"Anyone can come and use this vehicle," Gerstenmaier said. "Both the commercial side, and international partners."

Whether or not the DSG could transition all the way to low-lunar orbit remains to be seen, due to the large change in velocity required, as well as differing power and thermal requirements caused by transiting in and out of sunlight each orbit.

"Those requirements for low-lunar orbit may be so expensive they're not worth putting in this vehicle," said Gerstenmaier. "We'll trade what the science community wants, and what the other partners want, and determine whether we want to add that capability."

NASA

Once phase 1 is complete, NASA will move onto phase 2, during which the DSG becomes a lunar port of call for a large crew vehicle called the Deep Space Transport, or DST.

The DST supports a crew of four for 1,000 days at a time. Between each trip, it will be resupplied, refurbished and refueled at the DSG. NASA expects it to be long-lived enough for a total of three round trips to Mars.

The vehicle could be Skylab-esque in volume. International Space Station modules like Unity have a diameter of 4.3 meters. Skylab, essentially the size of a Saturn V rocket's upper stage, was 6.6 meters widewide enough to allow astronauts to float in the center without touching the walls. SLS has a fairing diameter of 8.4 meters, and NASA says the DST will take "full advantage of the large volumes and mass that can be launched by the SLS rocket."

The DST is heavy, tooNASApredicts a mass of 41 metric tons, without supplies. A single SLS cargo flight would carry it to lunar orbit in 2027.

"There's really no (other) vehicle today, or even planned, that can launch 41 metric tons (to the Moon) in one piece," Gerstenmaier said. "We think that that is the minimum size for this Mars-class transport."

The closest contender is SpaceX's upcoming Falcon Heavy launcher. The rocket is advertised as being able to heave 64 metric tons into low-Earth orbit, but there is no reliable public estimate on how much mass it can send to the Moon. (An article by Universe Today last year suggested 13 metric tons, which is the same capability SpaceX is projecting for Mars.)

NASA's all-in-one-launch approach for the Deep Space Transport actually resembles SpaceX's far-flung plan to send a million people to Mars.

That plan envisions launching 100 people into Earth orbit atop a behemoth rocket powered by 42 engines. SpaceX, having no on-orbit assembly experience, doesn't seem to be interested in smaller rockets and numerous launches. NASA, despite having almost 20 years of experience with the ISS, isn't favoring that approach either.

In NASA's case, Gerstenmaier said the single-launch approach saves weight, since assembling multiple components requires extra berthing ports and internal hatches. The agency also has the Space Launch System at its disposal, and likely wants to avoid the cost of a multi-mission assembly project.

After receiving supplies and equipment at the DSG, the DST would be ready to fly. In 2029, a crew would climb aboard for a one-year shakedown cruise, during which the DST would fly on its own in lunar orbit. Assuming everything goes smoothly, the DST would return to the DSG (still following the acronyms?) for refueling and supplies, before embarking on its first crewed flight to Mars orbit in 2033.

The journey might involve a Venus gravity assist, in which case the chosen crewmemberswould get to see the clouds of Venus and volcanoes of Mars all in the same tripwith their own eyes.

Shortly after President Trump signed the NASA Transition Authorization Act of 2017, SpaceX CEO Elon Musk let it be known on Twitter he wasn't happy:

We can infer that by "existing programs," Musk meant SLS and Orion. Based on his conversations with Trump, he may have been hoping for a large-scale space policy shift in SpaceX's favor, away from traditional contractors like Boeing and Lockheed Martin.

Meanwhile, another SpaceX competitor, United Launch Alliance, spent this past week promoting its "Cislunar 1000" vision at the 33rd Space Symposium in Colorado Springs. The vision calls for a 1,000-person-strong, self-sustaining space economy on and around the Moon by 2045. Someburgeoning entrepreneursand international space agencies are on board with the notion, and the idea has at least some political supporttypically centered around alarm over China's lunar ambitions.

All of this would seem to put NASA at the center of a complicated tug-of-war between traditional and NewSpace firms, and the Moon and Mars.

If that's the case, Gerstenmaier's current approach could prove to be nothing short of genius. The DSG plants at least the seeds of a cislunar economy: it will rely on commercial and international resupply services, it offers a waypoint in deep space, and it opens up lunar surface opportunities.

In the meantime, SpaceX and NASA might end up making more strides toward Mars together. During last week's Advisory Council meeting, Gerstenmaier reiterated the agency's partnership with SpaceX on its Red Dragon project, which could yield critical advances in entry, descent and landing technologies. NASA also has years of experience operating rovers on the Martian surface, a small fleet of reconnaissance orbiters, and the Deep Space Network at its disposal.

Maybe the situation isn't as bad as Musk thinks.

"There's nothing this agency cannot do," Gerstenmaier said. "If you can give us a clear direction, and give us reasonable resources, this agency and its contractor base will accomplish what you want."

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NASA unveiled new plans for getting humans to Mars, and hardly anyone noticed - The Planetary Society (blog)

NASA funds ideas from science fiction – GeekWire

A scene from the 2012 movie John Carter shows an airship engaged in a Martian battle. The NASA-backed concept for a Martian airship isnt quite as ambitious. ( 2011 Disney / John Carter ERB, Inc.)

Truth can be stranger than fiction, but it shouldnt be strange to hear that NASA spends millions of dollars on efforts to turn science-fiction concepts into true technologies.

The NASA Innovative Advanced Concepts program, also known as NIAC, has been backing far-out aerospace concepts for almost 20 years. It started out as the NASA Institute for Advanced Concepts, modeled after the Pentagons DARPA think tank.

NIACs latest crop of 22 tech projects was announced this week, and they include a few conceptsthat were virtually ripped from the headlines of science fictions pulp magazines. Here are our favorite five:

Flying airships of Mars: The idea of sending airships floating through the Red Planets skies dates back to Edgar Rice Burroughs Barsoom novels of the early 20th century.

One big problem: Mars actual atmosphere is so thin that an airship would have to maintain a vacuum to become buoyant.Thats exactly what Georgia Techs John-Paul Clarke intends to do with an experimental double-shelled, reinforced vacuum airship.

Maybe he should call it an airless-ship.

Bioengineered bugs for Mars: To transform the Red Planet from a cold, lifeless world to something greener, astronauts lay down a layer of bioengineered algae in the 2000 movie Red Planet.

Berkeleys Adam Arkin and his colleagues plan to look into bioengineering strains of a type of bacteriaknown as Pseudomonas stutzeri, with the aim of detoxifying the perchlorate in Martian soil and enriching it with ammonia. Thatll make it easier for Mars settlers to grow potatoes, like fictional astronaut Mark Watney did in The Martian.

Solar gravitational lens: Earthlings figure out how to use the suns gravitational field to focus light rays from the Milky Way galaxys distant frontiers in Existence, a novel by David Brin.

Slava Turyshev of NASAs Jet Propulsion Laboratory will look intohow a robotic probe sent to the far reaches of the solar system could actually use the sun as a gravitational lens to detect and study life on Earthlike planets up to 100 light-years away.

Artificial gravity: How do astronauts in space operas ranging from Star Trek to The Expanse keep their feet on the floor as the walk around their interplanetary spaceships? Its challenging enough for real-life astronauts to keep their muscles and bones healthy in the zero-G conditions on the International Space Station.

Jason Gruber of Medical Solutions Group and his colleagues want to develop an unorthodox method to give astronauts a dose of artificial gravity during long-duration space missions: Their Turbolift system is basically an elevator that lifts and drops an astronaut for one-second bouts of 1G acceleration. The experience is likely to be analogous to bouncing mildly on a trampoline, Gruber says.

Fusion thrusters: Until the warp drive is invented, propulsion fueled by nuclear fusion is about the best we can do. Fusionpower plants are built intofleets of fictional spaceships, including Discovery One in 2001: A Space Odyssey and the starship Avalon in Passengers.

SeveralNIAC projects will look into fusion power and other unorthodox propulsion technologies: Check out the concepts from Michael LaPointe at NASAs Marshall Space Flight Center, Raymond Sedwick at the University of Maryland, John Brophy at NASAs Jet Propulsion Laboratory andHeidi Fearn at the Space Studies Institute.

Check NASAs website for thefull list of 15 Phase I projects, including ideas for asteroid-mining robots and solar-surfing probes.

Each of the Phase I projects is slated to receive up to $125,000 for a nine-month feasibility study. If those studies are successful, the teams can apply for Phase II grants, worth as much as $500,000, that are meant to support follow-up studies for two years.

NASA says five Phase II projects have been selected for the class of 2017:

NASA selects NIACprojects through a peer-review process that evaluates innovativeness and technical viability. The program is designed to support technologies in the early stages of development. Most of them are expected to require at least 10more years of development before theyre incorporated into a NASA mission.

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NASA funds ideas from science fiction - GeekWire

You Can Help NASA Prove the Existence of Planet 9 | Mental Floss – Mental Floss

Do you enjoy astronomy? Do you have a bit of free time to help comb through over 200,000 images of the entire celestial sky to see if you can catch a glimpse of a theorized ninth planet? NASA may have an attractive offer for you.

The space agency has funded an initiative dubbed Backyard Worlds to recruit citizen scientists to assist them in evaluating this massive photo library and hopefully make new cosmic discoveries. Using data collected from their Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer mission, Backyard Worlds allows volunteers to examine images for hints of Planet 9a world thought to be around the size of Neptune that would help explain recognized irregularities in orbits of objects in the Kuiper Belt. Researchers at Caltech first presented evidence of the planet's existence in 2016.

Why doesnt NASA just use computers? In this instance, the human eye is superior. Image software has trouble distinguishing the movements of distant stars and image artifacts from celestial objects relevant to the search.

Roughly 33,000 people have joined the effort since its launch in February and have already identified candidates for brown dwarf statussometimes known as failed stars that are bigger than planets. For now, Planet 9 itself remains elusivebut perhapsnot for long. A similar citizen science project in Australia using images taken by the SkyMappertelescope recently turned up four potential candidates.

[h/t Vocativ]

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You Can Help NASA Prove the Existence of Planet 9 | Mental Floss - Mental Floss

Here’s how and when NASA will finally destroy Cassini – ScienceAlert

For nearly three decades, researchers have worked to design, build, launch, and operate an unprecedented mission to explore Saturn.

Called Cassini-Huygens - or Cassini for short - the goldennuclear-powered spacecraftlaunched in October 1997, fell into orbit around the gas giant in July 2004, and has been documenting the planet and its dizzying variety of moons ever since.

But all good things must come to an end. And for NASA's US$3.26 billion probe, that day is Friday, 15 September, 2017.

During a press conferenceheld by the US space agency on April 4, researchers explained why they're killing off their cherished spacecraft with what they call the 'Grand Finale'.

The manoeuvre will use up the fleeting reserves of Cassini's fuel, putting it on a collision course with Saturn.

"Cassini's own discoveries were its demise," said Earl Maize, an engineer at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) who manages the Cassini mission.

Maize was referring to a warm, saltwateroceanthat Cassini found hiding beneath the icy crust of Enceladus, a large moon of Saturn that spews water into space.

NASA's probe flew through thesecurtain-like jets of vapour and icein October 2015, 'tasted' the material, and indirectly discovered the subsurface ocean's composition - and it's one that may support alien life.

"We cannot risk an inadvertent contact with that pristine body," Maize said.

"Cassini has got to be put safely away. And since we wanted to stay at Saturn, the only choice was to destroy it in some controlled fashion."

However, Maize and a collaboration of researchers from 19 nations aren't going to let their plucky probe go down without a fight.

They plan to squeeze every last byte of data they can from the robot, right up until Cassini turns into a brilliant radioactive comet above the swirling storms of Saturn.

'We're going in, and we're not coming out'

Long before Cassini began orbiting Saturn in 2004, mission managers carefully plotted out its orbits to squeeze in as many flybys of the gas giant planet, its moons, and its expansive icy rings as possible.

Their goal: get lots ofchances to recordunprecedented new images, gravitational data, and magnetic readings without putting the spacecraft into harm's way or burning up too much of its limited propellant.

But after 13 years of operation at nearly 1 billion miles (1.45 billion kilometres) away from Earth, Cassini's tank is running close to empty.

"We're coming to the end. As it runs out of fuel, the things it can do are quite limited - until we decided on a new approach," Jim Green, the leader of NASA's planetary science program, said during the press conference.

NASA could have propelled Cassini to some other planet - perhaps Uranus or Neptune. But in 2010, mission managers decided to keep itaround Saturn, reasoning they could squeeze more science out of the mission there.

However, this effectively doomed the spacecraft to a fiery death.

Cassini's death spiral will officially begin on April 22, 2017.

That's when it will, for the last time, fly by Titan: an icy moon of Saturn that's bigger than our own, has a thick atmosphere, seas of liquid methane, and even rain.

Titan's gravity will slingshot Cassini over Saturn, above the planet's atmosphere, and - on April 26 - through a narrow void between the planet and the innermost edge of its rings.

"That last 'kiss goodbye' will put Cassini into Saturn," Maize said. "This is a roller coaster ride. We're going in, and we are not coming out - it's a one-way trip."

Cassini's science-packed finale

The void between Saturn and its rings is about 1,200 miles (1930 kilometres) wide, or roughly the distance from northern Washington state to the southern tip of California.

"As we're skimming close to the planet, we'll have the best views ever of the poles of the planet," Linda Spilker, a Cassini project scientist and a planetary scientist at NASA JPL, said during the press briefing.

"We'll see the giant hurricanes at the north and south poles."

During its final orbits above Saturn, Cassini will get its closest-ever views of the hexagon-shaped feature of Saturn's north pole, which Spilker said is "two Earthdiametersacross" yet poorly understood.

"Perhaps by getting close with Cassini, we'll answer the question, 'What keeps the hexagon there in this particular shape?'" she said.

Spilker said Cassini will also photograph the auroras of Saturn's poles, measure how massive the planet's rings are, 'taste' the icy material they're made of, and even probe deep below its thick clouds to see how big its rocky core is.

Sensitive magnetic and gravitational measurements that Cassini couldn't make before may also answer lingering questions about the internal structure of Saturn, including how big its rocky core is, plus how fast a shell ofmetallic hydrogenaround it spins.

"How fast is Saturn rotating?" Spilker asked. "If there's just a slight tilt to the magnetic field, then it will wobble around and give us the length of a day."

Hours before it takes its final plunge on September 15, 2017, Cassini will beam back its last batch of images - then prepare for the end.

The fiery end of a long-time robotic friend

Cassini is a 2.78-ton robot with delicate instruments that was not designed to ram into icy ring material at 70,000 mph (112,000 km/h). It also wasn't made to plunge into the thick atmosphere of a gas giant and live to tell the tale.

Nevertheless, scientists behind the mission say they are going to do their best to shield its instruments from damage and keep the data flowing until the moment it dies.

They will do this primarily by using the cone-shaped primary antenna as a shield to protect cameras, magnetometers, and more.

"If we get surprised, well, we've got a bunch of contingency plans We'll milk the best out of this," Maize said.

He added that even if icy bits take out Cassini's ability to talk to Earth, the spacecraft "will still finish out exactly where we planned, but we'll have a little less science than we hoped for."

When Cassini begins its final plunge, it will use its last propellant to fight atmospheric drag and keep the antenna pointed at Earth.

During that time, it will 'taste' the composition of Saturn's atmosphere as it descends into the gases, broadcasting its readings in real-time back to satellite dishes on Earth.

But the measurements won't last long.

"It will break apart, it will melt, it will vaporise, and it will become a very part of the planet it left Earth 20 years ago to explore," Maize said.

While members of the Cassini team said they're looking forward to the Grand Finale, they weren't without remorse.

"It's really going to be hard to say goodbye to this plucky, capable little spacecraft that has returned all of this great science," Spilker said.

We've flown together a long time."

This article was originally published by Business Insider.

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Here's how and when NASA will finally destroy Cassini - ScienceAlert

The First NASA Plan Under Trump Will Kill The International Space Station – BuzzFeed News

Astronauts David Wolf (left) and Piers Sellers on an ISS spacewalk in 2002. NASA / JSC / Via images.nasa.gov

ID: 10830191

NASA hopes to go to Mars in the next two decades, and will kill its share of the popular International Space Station in order to pay for the trip.

Thats the plan NASAs head of human spaceflight William Gerstenmaier rolled out last week. It includes building a vehicle an armored canister shorter than a school bus and about twice as wide called the Deep Space Getaway that will circle four astronauts around the moon by 2025. Then, by about 2033, the astronauts will close the hatch of another spacecraft, the Deep Space Transport, fire its softly purring electric motors, and depart on a years-long trip around Mars, and perhaps fly by Venus, too.

To pay for the plan, NASA in 2024 would axe its $3 billion yearly upkeep of the ISS, which since 1998 has hosted 226 people (seven of them tourists), set records for continuous space habitation, and starred in a viral video of a Canadian astronaut. The agency will also pass on another costly proposed program: sending astronauts to land on the moon.

We are starting to look at the 2020s and I think we are teed up to do some great things, acting NASA administrator Robert Lightfoot said on Thursday at the space agencys advisory committee meeting.

The plan is tentative until President Trump appoints a new head of NASA. Some rumors have pointed to Rep. Jim Bridenstine of Oklahoma, a fan of moon bases, and former NASA official Scott Pace, who told BuzzFeed News by email, I think this is very worthwhile proposal. It remains to be seen what the Congress will do, however.

The Trump administration has already nixed the Obama-era plan for NASA astronauts to visit and retrieve an asteroid, the unloved object of the agencys desire for the last six years.

I dont think there is any doubt that the Trump administration wants to do something big in space.

ID: 10830830

I dont think there is any doubt that the Trump administration wants to do something big in space, historian John Logsdon, author of John F. Kennedy and the Race to the Moon, told BuzzFeed News. The question is whether or not that is what NASA has been planning for the last few years.

Adopting the Mars flyby mission would keep costs within NASAs $8.5 billion human spaceflight budget (hopefully with an increase with inflation, Gerstenmaier said) for the next two decades. And it would make clear that dreams of another Apollo moon landing bonanza for NASA, where a president makes a bold call for exploration and then dumps tax dollars on the space agency, are over.

All NASA has to do is convince Congress and the public that it needs to cut the cord from the ISS, which cost NASA $75 billion between 1998 and 2011, and is flying some 251 miles overhead.

The plan is the inevitable culmination of NASAs longstanding obsession with going to Mars (dating back to at least the 1950s, when Werner von Braun sold the idea to Walt Disney Show watchers), colliding with multiple presidents lacking any interest in paying for it, while not wanting to say so.

If we are going to get to orbit Mars in the first half of this century, NASA has to stop paying for the space station, Logsdon said. The space agency has been flirting with ditching the space station for more than last two years, he noted.

Things are looking, if not good, then not bad for NASA under Donald Trump. While other science agencies were handed hefty cuts in his proposed 2018 budget (with the National Institutes of Health slated to take a 20% whack, for example, and the Environmental Protection Agency a 31% sledgehammering that would fire a third of its workers), the space agency escaped with a 1% proposed cut, which acting administrator Lightfoot seemed grateful for.

Trump praised NASA in a weekly address in March, calling for new discoveries, and signed a bill that tells NASA to keep building its jumbo Space Launch System (SLS) rocket, scheduled for a first trial next year.

The new Mars plan depends on the SLS: It will take three launches of the rocket and its Orion space capsule by 2025 to launch the Deep Space Gateway vehicle into orbit around the moon. The construction job would finally give the SLS the $23 billion rocket to nowhere built in the politically potent space-center states of Mississippi and Alabama somewhere to go.

The new head of NASA, whoever it is, will have to decide whether to approve the plan within about a year, Logsdon noted. Travel from Earth to Mars depends on an alignment of the planets, windows that open only every 26 months when the two planets come closest. It will take nine SLS launches to build the gateway, assemble a Mars spacecraft, and send it on its way loaded with astronauts. Aligning all those launches and windows takes a lot of planning.

In between now and then, NASA will also have to develop electric rockets to ship people to Mars and perfect life support for astronauts to survive intense radiation storms and lack of gravity. A Jet Propulsion Laboratory report estimated that a minimal mission might take 570 days. That makes rockets with continuous low thrust attractive they are more efficient than standard rockets, and they can harvest electric power from two large solar-cell wings that will unfold from the Mars spacecraft to save fuel. Ideally, they would cut the travel time to Mars in half, with transit taking only four months.

Back on Earth, meanwhile, a February tornado with winds higher than 135 miles per hour and later rainstorms have already delayed assembly of the first SLS rocket in Mississippi, and some observers expect its first uncrewed test launch will slip to 2019. That would start the NASA deep space plan off with a delay.

The eventual Mars trip needs to be exciting enough that it warrants the funding, but not so exciting that it takes so much money that well never get it, Gerstenmaier said at last weeks advisory committee meeting.

That rules out landing on Mars but leaves financial room for an astronaut flyby. An Aerospace Corporation analysis of a minimal Mars trip included in a September report from Jet Propulsion Lab engineers vouched for the reasonable costs of a mission like the one advanced last week, as long as NASAs budget increases with inflation.

We could promise a lot more, but the budget reality I see doesnt allow for that, Gerstenmaier said then. Were not going to get a budget increase, were going to stay flat line.

Departure for Mars from orbiting lunar base. NASA

ID: 10826023

The new plan is an incremental and logical step to get ready for Mars, Penn State aerospace engineering professor David Spencer told BuzzFeed News. When you look at European explorers, they didnt sail for America right away, they explored around the coast of Africa to get used to long voyages first. Its sort of the same idea.

One advantage of orbiting the moon first is that tests of those fancy electric motors could move its orbit up, down, and sideways in a way that makes the most sense for launching a Mars mission from it. If water hides in polar craters on the moon, as some observations suggest, bringing it back to a lunar orbiter would take less energy than shipping water from Earth to the moon, Spencer added.

Not everyone thinks the idea is so terrific, however.

We do not need a base camp in lunar orbit to go to Mars. We do not need a base camp in lunar orbit to go to the Moon, Mars Society President Robert Zubrin told BuzzFeed News by email. We do not need a base camp in lunar orbit for any purpose other than to spend money on a lunar base camp.

Zubrin suggested that the Deep Space Gateway is basically a way to justify spending money to build the SLS, which is expected to cost $2 billion a year to launch and maintain, more than not only Elon Musks SpaceX Falcon Heavy rocket, but also other heavy rockets under development. If NASA goes ahead with the lunar orbiter, he predicts, it will delay a mission to Mars by a decade or more. He also questioned the ethics of testing radiation safety on astronauts in lunar orbit.

Astronauts should be explorers, not guinea pigs, said Zubrin.

Ken Bowersox, a former astronaut who logged five missions aboard the ISS and is the interim chair of the advisory panel, also expressed doubt that the ISS would fold shop as quickly as NASA hopes, either sold off to a private company or disassembled and de-orbited, scattering burnt debris across the Indian Ocean.

I expect it would be more gradual, he said, with his committee suggesting that the ISSs life support tests might need to continue until 2028. That could leave NASA in a box, with money spent on the ISS continuously delaying its trip to Mars.

It also could paralyze NASAs European partners, Logsdon said, whose own missions will be influenced by whether the ISS sticks around. Anything NASA does in deep space will require international cooperation, he said.

Meanwhile, the private sector might get there first. SpaceX founder Elon Musk, a Trump adviser, has proposed sending people directly to Mars starting in 2023. He is also collaborating with NASA to land an empty crew capsule on Mars, the Red Dragon mission, with one of the first launches of his Falcon Heavy spacecraft, a cheaper competitor to the SLS, next year.

It wont happen, but could you imagine if Trump named Elon to head NASA? said Logsdon. That would certainly take NASA in a new direction.

Other perspectives on this story

NOOOOOOOOOO! NO NO NO *BOLDFACE* NO STOP IT. JUST STOP.

"mars should really be a multi-national goal."

A tough one. Tradeoff: International cooperation for soft plan that will absolutely get delayed and go over budget.

Mars is a waste of money and a death sentence. You can colonize the moon for hundreds of times less and be able to use it as an asteroid collection base.

They need to just end NASA ! I'm tired of my tax dollars going to them ( 20 billion $$$ this year alone from tax payers ) just for them to give us pictures

We dont need Mars. Save earth instead

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The First NASA Plan Under Trump Will Kill The International Space Station - BuzzFeed News

Nanotechnology breakthrough means almost any surface can become a touchscreen – RT

Published time: 7 Apr, 2017 14:47

Nanotechnology has occupied the pages of sci-fi novels for decades, but now a major new breakthrough could bring the super advanced tech into the average household.

Researchers at Trinity College Dublin, Ireland, have created two-dimensional nanomaterials, only a few billionths of a meter thick, making it possible to turn almost any surface into a screen or a computer.

Using standard printing techniques, scientists combined graphene nanosheets, an ultra-thin form of carbon just one atom thick, with two other nanomaterials named tungsten diselenide and boron nitride.

The research published in the journal Science could have wide-ranging implications from the mundane to the extraordinary.

Futuristic uses could include a touchscreen pad superimposed onto your skin, reading an electronic newspaper that could be rolled up or folded to be placed neatly inside a jacket pocket or even receiving an alert message saying the milk in the fridge is about to go sour.

The technology could also enhance security capabilities of valuable items, allowing for the encoding of biometric data on passports and the marking of banknotes to make them virtually impossible to forge.

This technology could also have advantages for solar power, one day making it possible to turn a variety of materials into solar cells, making it cheaper to harness energy from the sun, theoretically reducing our collective dependence on oil and gas.

In the future, printed devices will be incorporated into even the most mundane objects such as labels, posters and packaging, senior author of the paper Jonathan Coleman, professor of chemical physics at Trinity College said in a statement.

Printed electronic circuitry (constructed from the devices we have created) will allow consumer products to gather, process, display and transmit information: for example, milk cartons could send messages to your phone warning that the milk is about to go out-of-date.

We believe that 2D nanomaterials can compete with the materials currently used for printed electronics. Compared to other materials employed in this field, our 2D nanomaterials have the capability to yield more cost effective and higher performance printed devices, he added.

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Nanotechnology breakthrough means almost any surface can become a touchscreen - RT

Nanotechnology in 2017: The Story So Far January – April – AZoNano

By Benedette CuffariApr 4 2017

While the actual term nanotechnology was not introduced until 1974 by Japanese scientist Norio Taniguchi, the original concept behind this massively developed field of science was introduced by Richard Feynman in his 1959 speech titled Theres Plenty of Room at the Bottom.1

In his speech, Feynman discussed that by manipulating the size of a material to be in its smallest form, we are able to learn much more about the phenomena exerted by this material, particularly when presented in complex situations.

Since its initial introduction into the world, the application of nanotechnology has found an ability to revolutionize and improve almost every technology and industry sector of the world today. By converting bulk materials to a nanoscale, this technology has allowed for specific properties such as strength, durability, reactivity, conductance, and several other traits to be tailored towards each project of interest2.

The industries that have found the greatest advantages by manipulating materials into its nanoscale include information technology, homeland security, medicine, energy, food safety, environmental science, transportation and many others.

Many commercial and everyday products now rely on the presence of nanoengineered materials in order to deliver the best possible outcomes following their use, however the application of this technology in advancing scientific fields is also quite impressive.

As researchers around the world are discovering remarkable properties and uses for nanosized particles, scientific meetings such as the international Trends in Nanotechnology meeting, aim at publishing the work that is being done in this revolutionary field. During the week of June 5-9, 2017, researchers from around the world will gather in Dresden, Germany to discuss some of the following hot topics that are going to pave the way in nanotechnology this year:

Find out more about TNT 2017

The application of nanotechnology into the field of photovoltaics is not a new thought, however, the future range of possible nanoapplications in this industry is expected to rise in 2017. Photovoltaics, which describes the ability to generate electricity from light, is a growing market that has faced several challenges due to the high costs associated with the materials required for most solar cells.

While the cost is likely to decrease in the future following the development of thinner wafers and devices capable of exhibiting a higher conversion efficiency, the role of nanotechnology is expected to play an important role in enhancing these properties.

PV Nano Cell has developed an innovative and conductive ink that has found use in solar photovoltaics and other printed electronics applications. The PV Nano Cell SicrysTM product is a single-crystal, nanometric silver, or copper-based, conductive ink, that is capable of delivering the products properties at an enhanced performance rate while also reducing the cost required to do so4.

Photovoltaic ink typically takes only about a minute to dry onto a surface at 100 C, which allows for roll-to-roll manufacturing to occur. This type of manufacturing technique describes a sheet of material being spun off one roll, coated, and rolled back onto a new one in a consecutive and rapid manner, which not only increases production time, but has also been found to enhance the efficiency the functioning capability of solar cells5.

The use of graphene has already found an untenable amount of applications over the last few years, and its use in combination with nanotechnology is no different. The term graphene is used to describe a single atom-thick layer of carbon, and its use has found a successfully applications such as batteries, capacitors, mobile devices, fuel cell-powered cars, water purification, solar cell dyes and many others6.

For example, a graphene-based electrode has recently been developed by researchers from RMIT University in Melbourne, Australia, which has the potential to apply solar technology in future devices such as smart phones, laptops, cars and quite possibly buildings7. Not only does this electrode exhibit a storage capacity that is estimated to be 30 times greater, while also being comprised of a much thinner and flexible material as compared to its predecessors.

Learn more about the PV Nano Cell SicrysTM

The future of nanotechnology is expected to have major impacts on all aspects of the world, and its ability to further improve daily life is limitless. From changing the way in which medicine and diagnostic procedures is given to patients to generating new and increasingly efficient ways to generate electricity, nanotechnology seems to hold the key into the future of the world.

References

Disclaimer: The views expressed here are those of the author expressed in their private capacity and do not necessarily represent the views of AZoM.com Limited T/A AZoNetwork the owner and operator of this website. This disclaimer forms part of the Terms and conditions of use of this website.

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Nanotechnology in 2017: The Story So Far January - April - AZoNano

Nick champions nanotechnology – Whyalla News

Federal Member for Wakefield Nick Champion has said nanotechnology could provide a boost for Australia's steel industry in the future.

TECH: Federal Member for Wakefield Nick Champion has said nanotechnology could provide a boost for Australia's steel industry in the future.

Shadow AssistantMinister for Manufacturing Nick Champion believes nanotechnology could play a big part in the future of Australia's steel industry, and in particular at the Whyalla Steelworks.

Mr Champion, who visited Whyalla on Thursday, said he had recently been in discussions about the benefits of nanotechnology in steelmaking with the University of Sydney.

I've had a couple of pretty interesting meetings...there is some interest in looking at how nanotechnology might affect advanced manufacturing of steel in this country, he said.

[With nanotechnology] you can make steel at a lighter weight and a higher strength, andimprove production processes...there's definitely some applications.

Mr Champion said he would be discussing the idea with the Whyalla City Council.

Obviously we're a long ways from determining whether it is commercially applicable, but I do think the way we advance all industries is through the application of technology, he said.

We have to make sure we are commercialising and applying some of the great technology and research that is coming out of our universities.

Speaking on the potential forcogeneration at the Whyalla Steelworks, Mr Champion described it as a very good idea.

The technology is certainly there, it's a big capital investment, but that of course pays off in the short to medium termthrough being able to recoup those costs through either credits or direct payments from power generation, he said.

Of course we will have to wait and see which company emerges as the buyer for Arrium...given the state is facing the sort of power issues that it is, anytime we can put power in the grid it's a good thing.

Mr Champion said he was happy to hear that the two remaining bidders for Arrium were seeking buy the company's operations in one line.

Of course it's reassuring, we should make this a great national project because there's always been great productive capacity at the Whyalla Steelworks, he said.

There's a great workforce there who are really keen to get on with things, and we know that we can produce top grade steel, so it's important for the country to have the ability to do that.

It should give everyone confidence that this process is working, we've got good administrators, a good state government...if we all get behind the community and the steelworks, we should have a good outcome.

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Nick champions nanotechnology - Whyalla News

How Nanotechnology Desalination Is Leveraged To Convert Sea … – Techstory

A team of researchers from the University of Manchester, led by Dr Rahul Nair has created a graphene-based sieve capable of removing salt from seawater. Though graphene was used for this purpose earlier, this derivative, that is graphene oxide is economical and can be scaled up easily. The results were reported in the journal, Nature Nanotechnology,

According to the UN reports, around 700 million people in 43 countries suffer today from water scarcity. By 2025, 1.8 billion people will be living in countries or regions with absolute water scarcity, and two-thirds of the worlds population could be living under water stressed conditions.

Though, there is enough freshwater on the planet for seven billion people, it is distributed unevenly and too much of it is wasted, polluted and unsustainably managed. Seawater could become a renewable resource of fresh water if we develop sustainable desalination technologies. Thus, Dr Rahul Nairs development could aid the millions of people who dont have ready access to clean drinking water.

Graphene was first isolated and characterised in 2004 by a University of Manchester-led team. It comprises a single layer of carbon atoms arranged in a hexagonal lattice. It was earmarked as one of the most promising materials in future due to its extraordinary tensile strength and electrical conductivity.

But it has been difficult to produce large quantities of single-layer graphene using existing methods, such as chemical vapour deposition which are also quite costly.

Now, this challenge has been overcome by using graphene oxide which can be produced by simple oxidation in lab. It can be composed on a substrate or porous material and can be used as a membrane.

Structure of Graphene and Graphene Oxide

To make graphene useful for desalination, one has to make a membrane with a very uniform less-than-one-nanometre sized hole which is a challenging task. But, graphene oxide membranes are proven to sieve out small nanoparticles, organic molecules and even large salts. But they couldnt be used to filter out common salts, which require even smaller sieves.

This is because the graphene oxide membranes become slightly swollen when immersed in water, allowing smaller salts to flow through the pores along with water molecules. Dr Nair and colleagues demonstrated that placing walls made of epoxy resin (a substance used in coatings and glues) on either side of the graphene oxide membrane was sufficient to stop the expansion.

When common salts are dissolved in water, they always form a shell of water molecules around the salt molecules. The tiny capillaries of graphene-oxide membranes thus blocks the salt from flowing through along with the water. The size of the shell of water around the salt is larger than the channel size, so it cannot go through.

The next step for the team is to compare this with the state-of-the-art material available in the market. More research work is needed to be done to produce graphene oxide membranes inexpensively at industrial scales. Scientists also need to demonstrate the durability of the membranes under prolonged contact with seawater and ensure that the membrane is resistant to fouling by salts and biological material.

The ultimate goal is to create a filtration device that will produce potable water from seawater or wastewater with minimal energy input.

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How Nanotechnology Desalination Is Leveraged To Convert Sea ... - Techstory

Research Offers Promising Outlook for Nanomedicine – Controlled Environments Magazine

In the past six years, the National Research Programme "Opportunities and Risks of Nanomaterials" (NRP 64) intensively studied the development, use, behavior, and degradation of engineered nanomaterials, including their impact on humans and on the environment.

Twenty-three research projects on biomedicine, the environment, energy, construction materials and food demonstrated the enormous potential of engineered nanoparticles for numerous applications in industry and medicine. Thanks to these projects we now know a great deal more about the risks associated with nanomaterials and are therefore able to more accurately determine where and how they can be safely used.

"One of the specified criteria in the program was that every project had to examine both the opportunities and the risks, and in some cases this was a major challenge for the researchers," explains Peter Gehr, President of the NRP 64 Steering Committee.

One development that is nearing industrial application concerns a building material strengthened with nanocellulose that can be used to produce a strong but lightweight insulation material. Successful research was also carried out in the area of energy, where the aim was to find a way to make lithium-ion batteries safer and more efficient.

A great deal of potential is predicted for the field of nanomedicine. Nine of the 23 projects in NRP 64 focused on biomedical applications of nanoparticles. These include their use for drug delivery, for example in the fight against viruses, or as immune modulators in a vaccine against asthma. Another promising application concerns the use of nanomagnets for filtering out harmful metallic substances from the blood. One of the projects demonstrated that certain nanoparticles can penetrate the placenta barrier, which points to potential new therapy options. The potential of cartilage and bone substitute materials based on nanocellulose or nanofibres was also studied.

The examination of potential health risks was the focus of NRP 64. A number of projects examined what happens when nanoparticles are inhaled, while two focused on ingestion. One of these investigated whether the human gut is able to absorb iron more efficiently if it is administered in the form of iron nanoparticles in a food additive, while the other studied silicon nanoparticles as they occur in powdered condiments. It was ascertained that further studies will be required in order to determine the doses that can be used without risking an inflammatory reaction in the gut.

The aim of the seven projects focusing on environmental impact was to gain a better understanding of the toxicity of nanomaterials and their degradability, stability and accumulation in the environment and in biological systems. Here, the research teams monitored how engineered nanoparticles disseminate along their lifecycle, and where they end up or how they can be discarded.

One of the projects established that 95 percent of silver nanoparticles that are washed out of textiles are collected in sewage treatment plants, while the remaining particles end up in sewage sludge, which in Switzerland is incinerated. In another project a measurement device was developed to determine how aquatic microorganisms react when they come into contact with nanoparticles.

"The findings of the NRP 64 projects form the basis for a safe application of nanomaterials," says Christoph Studer from the Federal Office of Public Health. "It has become apparent that regulatory instruments such as testing guidelines will have to be adapted at both national and international level." Studer has been closely monitoring the research program in his capacity as the Swiss government's representative in NRP 64. In this context, the precautionary matrix developed by the government is an important instrument by means of which companies can systematically assess the risks associated with the use of nanomaterials in their production processes.

The importance of standardized characterization and evaluation of engineered nanomaterials was highlighted by the close cooperation among researchers in the program. "The research network that was built up in the framework of NRP 64 is functioning smoothly and needs to be further nurtured," says Professor Bernd Nowack from Empa, who headed one of the 23 projects.

The results of NRP 64 show that new key technologies such as the use of nanomaterials need to be closely monitored through basic research due to the lack of data on its long-term effects. As Gehr points out, "We now know a lot more about the risks of nanomaterials and how to keep them under control. However, we need to conduct additional research to learn what happens when humans and the environment are exposed to engineered nanoparticles over longer periods, or what happens a long time after a one-off exposure."

Source: Swiss National Science Foundation

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Inside MIT.nano – MIT News

On a recent evening, Cathrin Stickney stood marveling at the stillness of the custom-designed imaging suites in the underground level of MIT.nano the environmentally quietest space on campus. Laudably ultra-low vibrations, ultra-low electromagnetic interference, and acoustically silent. All in a building that, like most of the rest of MIT, sits on a century-old landfill built on swampland.

Its more than difficult to pull that off. Its architecturally amazing, Stickney, a successful entrepreneur and former architect, said. Equipped with a neon safety vest and clear safety glasses, Stickney was on site to learn more about a building that embodies one of the largest research investments in MIT history.

The leaders of MIT.nano pulled out all the stops during the first-ever tour of the 214,000 gross-square-foot research facility taking shape in the heart of MIT campus, just steps from the Infinite Corridor. The tightly choreographed public viewing involved safely navigating 60 guests, mostly members of the MIT Corporation, through what is still an active construction site.

Nanoscience and nanotechnology are driving some of the most important innovations today, in health care, energy, computing almost every field of engineering and science. A facility that allows MIT faculty and students to play a role in these coming changes is of the Institutes highest priority, says President L. Rafael Reif, who was along for the tour. As he has said: Even big problems have answers if you have your hands on the right tools.

As the tour group convened in a conference room near where they would access the site, the projects faculty lead, Vladimir Bulovi, fine-tuned that sentiment. The toolset we need to bring forward the next generation of ideas is a nano toolset, and with those words Bulovi and his team launched the first public showing of MIT.nano.

The sneak peek

Starting in the MIT.nano subterranean level, Stickney and husband Mark Gorenberg 76, a venture capitalist, took in the cavernous space. The imaging suites are set on what Dennis Grimard, the buildings operations director, calls The Inertia Slab a structure that complements the location of MIT.nano, and makes it the quietest spot on campus. The slab is a block made of 3.2 million pounds of concrete poured onto 400,000 pounds of epoxy-coated rebar. Its creation required approximately more than 100 cement trucks operated continuously in a single day from 4 a.m. to 4 p.m.

With hands clasped, the couple listened attentively as Thomas Schwartz, a biology professor, spoke about the scope of research MIT.nano will enable. The extreme shielding from environmental noise, he said, will satisfy the challenging low-vibration demands of high-end electron microscopes, particularly those for biological imaging. His delight was palpable. These new microscopes will allow us to visualize large protein complexes at atomic resolution, and to observe thin sections of entire cells in nanometer precision, said Schwartz, the Boris Magasanik Professor of Biology. This truly represents a quantum leap for structural and cell biology!

On the construction elevator, jolting from the basement to the first floor, Stickney said: The massive amount of effort put into all of this is stunning. Shouting above the wind, Gorenberg agreed. It makes sense from an investment standpoint, he remarked. Nanotechnology cuts across all disciplines, so its going to be vital to everyone.

The clean rooms

The hoist clanged to a stop, and the group exited to check out state-of-the-art clean rooms. Waiting for them was Luis Velsquez-Garca, a principal research scientist in the Microsystems Technology Laboratories, and an expert in micro- and nanofabrication technologies. Outfitted in a white jumpsuit, he quickly launched into a description of how MIT.nano will open new worlds for researchers. The clean room will be like a hive, he said, bustling with people working together to make breakthroughs in nanotechnology. It will enable: devices that can produce X-rays for medical imaging, nanosatellite propulsion, and plasma diagnostics. He described a future in which nanotechnology-enabled materials dramatically change 3-D-printing technology.

Tour guests checked out the clean rooms on the third level, too, where sunlight pours through glass in hallways that overlook the MIT dome and new courtyard below. Krystyn Van Vliet, a professor of materials science and engineering and biological engineering, described how clean rooms will provide a precisely controlled environment with low levels of dust, airborne microbes, aerosol particles, chemical vapors, and anything else that can get in the way of their work. Van Vliet, the Michael (1949) and Sonja Koerner Professor of Materials Science and Engineering, studies material behavior at the interface of mechanics, chemistry, physics, and biology. She informed tour guests that the facility will connect MIT experts in materials synthesis, characterization, and teaching for a range of applications, and build on the inspiration of interdisciplinary collaborators such as the late Institute Professor Emerita of Physics and Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Mildred Dresselhaus.

Van Vliet, the director of manufacturing innovation for the MIT Innovation Initiative, also said MIT.nano is poised to support an innovation community that will help usher in next-generation manufacturing processes and training approaches for production of electronics, photonics, fibers, and biopharmaceuticals. For instance, the facility will benefit academic and industry partnerships for MIT researchers who participate in Manufacturing USA Institutes, a network of public-private partnerships between government, industry, and academia focused on de-risking and prototyping new manufacturing capabilities to speed adoption by U.S. manufacturers.

Throughout the building, MIT faculty were working hard to convey their excitement. Academics were situated on every level, and even the guides escorting guests through the building were impressively credentialed: Anuradha Agarwal, a principal research scientist at the Microphotonics Center who develops miniaturized chemical sensors; Polina Anikeeva, the Class of 1942 Career Development Professor in the Department of Materials Science and Engineering who stimulates brain activity using nanotechnologies; electrical engineering professors Karl Berggren, who specializes in nanofab and quantum devices, and Rajeev Ram, who develops novel photonics and electronics; and William Tisdale, the Charles and Hilda Roddey Career Development Professor in Chemical Engineering, who explores use of colloidal quantum dots and 2-D materials in next-generation renewable energy technologies. All the stops, pulled.

A game-changer

MIT.nano is designed as an invitation to the community. With 53,000 square-feet of glass on its exterior surface, the new building may be surrounded on all sides by other buildings, but its appearance and effect are transparency. As Grimard explains, Typically, MIT buildings have windowed offices along the outside and labs get placed on the inside. We did just the opposite. We wanted the MIT community to see inside and have that connectivity with the space. This is everyones building.

Prepared to serve more than 2,000 researchers from across campus, MIT.nano will be transformative. An interior building set in the footprint of the former Building 12, its broader visibility will rely greatly on the research collaborations forged within its walls. Those connections hold the power to reimagine MIT.

The wrap-up

The guests finished by touring the upper levels of MIT.nano. On the fifth floor, which is dedicated to prototyping maker spaces and teaching labs, presenter Brian Anthony, director of MITs Master of Engineering and Manufacturing Program, told guests MIT.nano will become a central resource for creating disruptive technologies. Researchers will gain the ability to distinguish and manipulate materials at the atomic scale, create devices using those materials, and develop ways of implementing those devices within larger systems. MIT.nano is not owned by any one area of MIT, he said. Or put simply, added Anthony: MIT.nano is like an iPhone and researchers across campus are welcome to make the apps.

Nodding as he listened, John Chisholm 75, SM 76, a serial entrepreneur, commented: You can see how many disciplines meet here, he said. This is the future of research and education: conventional boundaries among schools and departments are disappearing."

Chisholm and the other guests piled back into the hoist, which came to its final stop: the mechanical penthouse, where MIT.nanos senior project manager Travis Wanat awaited. Wanat is a true believer in the promise of MIT.nano. He met with 35 labs, centers, and departments mainly abutters to the site to allay concerns from the start. Not an easy task when simply pouring the foundation involved the removal of 1.4 million cubic feet of dirt. Now the project, which Bulovi refers to as a dream nearing reality, is finally at least briefly on public display. Wanat eagerly detailed the construction process and took a barrage of questions about prefabrication strategy, metrics for overall savings, the early procurement process, and more.

Satisfied with the detailed answers, the Corporation members descended by stairs to the unfinished courtyard below. They held metal handrails rather than wooden ones, warned earlier of splinters. They spoke of the building design particularly the energy conservation strategies with approval.

The building is amazingly larger than any of us could have imagined, said Gorenberg. Alan Spoon 73, a venture capitalist, added: The opportunity for students and researchers to be rubbing shoulders in the most productive way imaginable is mind blowing. Trailing behind for a final look, the granddaughters of Dresselhaus, a beloved scientist, described weekly lunches during which Dresselhaus would pull them to a window from where they would observe construction progress. She was so excited about the MIT.nano building, said Leora Cooper. She loved it and the future it brings.

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Inside MIT.nano - MIT News

Letters: Invest in science, tech, engineering and math at the ‘U’ – TwinCities.com-Pioneer Press

INVESTING IN THE U

The University of Minnesota has been in the news recently for its cutting-edge research everything from nano-technology sponges to protect our water supply to tackling substance abuse. In addition to the great research work that is being done at the U of M, I wanted to call attention to its critical role of building our workforce for the future. I work for a medium-size Minnesota company that has grown dramatically over the last 10 years. We need a talented workforce to continue to grow and thrive. We continuously seek to hire strong and prepared college graduates who have backgrounds in K-12 education and information technology. My company and many other local companies depend on the state of Minnesota investing in the university to prepare our future workforce.

Currently, the U of M is requesting state funding to invest in the success of Minnesotas students. State funding will help improve graduation rates, reduce undergraduate debt, improve academic experiences and perhaps most importantly produce more Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) degree graduates.

Currently, the U of Ms STEM departments are under great pressure, as increasing numbers of highly qualified students compete to enroll in programs that are full to the brim. At the same time, Minnesota companies are struggling to find the information technology and other STEM employees they need. State funding can help expand those programs. In turn, investing in these programs will supply Minnesota companies with a talented and skilled workforce that our state needs to compete advancing our competitive edge nationally and internationally. I am just one of 24,796 alumni who live in Dakota County, and one of more than 550,000 alumni from the university system. We contribute to a thriving Minnesota every day. I strongly urge the Legislature to support the universitys request for funding for student success that will help our state respond to our significant workforce needs.

Sandy Wiese, Eagan

The writer, chair-elect of the University of Minnesota Alumni Association, is senior vice president of business development and government affairs for Data Recognition Corp.

President Trumps 2018 budget includes the elimination of the Corporation for National and Community Service. Eliminating CNCS and its core programs, including AmeriCorps and Senior Corps, would have a crippling impact on our community, devastating local organizations that leverage AmeriCorps and Senior Corps funding to engage citizens in service and to cultivate matching support from non-federal sources.

National service programs not only provide vital services to local residents here in St. Paul but also provide a pathway to employment for young Americans. Through their service, AmeriCorps members gain skills and experience, develop professional networks and earn an education award that can reduce the cost of college. I serve as a proud board member of the Minnesota Alliance With Youth, a statewide organization that supports AmeriCorps Promise Fellows and AmeriCorps VISTAs. In Congresswoman Betty McCollums district, 49 Promise Fellows are supporting 1,470 students. Last year, 91 percent of the students served increased their academic engagement.

AmeriCorps and Senior Corps have a history of bipartisan support. I am counting on Congresswoman McCollum and other members of Congress to continue that legacy of support for this cost-effective, results-driven resource for our community.

Damon Shoholm

The writer is director of James P. Shannon Leadership Institute at the Amherst H. Wilder Foundation and board co-chair of the Minnesota Alliance With Youth.

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Letters: Invest in science, tech, engineering and math at the 'U' - TwinCities.com-Pioneer Press