Mike Tighe: Common ground for golf, spirituality: Keep head down – La Crosse Tribune

Nobody is forcing me to tee it up again, if youre thinking that the FSC levied a penalty stroke for being irreverently out of bounds with quips. Or that retreat leader Steve Spilde thought I needed a dunking in a water hazard for insinuating that he uses rough language when his ball lands in the rough or worse even though I didnt mention him by name (except for hints) and had no proof (other than his own confession in advance).

However, I yapped on too long with self-congratulatory cleverness for much of the column. That is the rabbit hole of column writing, when he invests so much of his ego that he cant think of a single word to cut.

So, by the time I was ready to shift from the all-about-me-and-aint-I-witty secondary theme, the column was too long to do some additional reflecting on the topic, as we had done during the overnight retreat and game of golf.

Spilde built much of the retreat around the book Golf and the Spirit: Lessons for the Journey, which M. Scott Peck wrote as a reflection that combined his lifes work in psychiatry and counseling and his affection for the so-called game of kings.

Golf and the Spirit, Pecks penultimate book, published in 1999, was not nearly as popular or as big of a seller as his first book in 1978, the wildly popular, The Road Less Traveled: A New Psychology of Love, Traditional Values and Spiritual Growth. But perhaps that underscores the theme not many golfers achieve grand slams on the course, either.

Golf and the Spirit recycles some points from The Road Less Traveled, such as the observation in Golf that Golf mimics life. Golf is difficult. That echoes the thought in The Road that Life is difficult.

Not that they mean the same thing: Peck notes that understanding the fact that life is difficult makes it less so, while understanding the fact that golf is hard does little to turn an 18-handicapper into a scratch golfer.

Ive never tried a sign of the cross on the golf course, because it doesnt seem to work most of the time in baseball and basketball. On the other hand, it might be worth a try in a bunker because, even though Satan himself designed bunkers, God knows how many grains of sand are in each and how many grains you have to move to escape the trap.

Spildes inspirations for leading the retreat were his love of both spirituality and golf. He is the first to acknowledge successes and failures in each, as most of us should and do. (The possible exception to that is our Golfer-in-Chief, but thats a whole other column about his claiming others successes as his own and never acknowledging failure and/or apologizing not to mention his creative scoring.)

As much as anything, Spilde connected an appreciation of nature with elements of spirituality and the fact that golfs venues offer abundant chances to connect with God, whatever that means to you, or at least relax and enjoy creation between shots. (Oftentimes, in spite of shots.)

Similarly, Peck borrowed an observation of William James for his definition of spirituality as the attempt to be in harmony with an unseen order of things.

The same might be applied to the basics of golf, in a warped way that can turn an easy birdie into a triple bogey if one misses the unseen undulations of a green.

Pecks wisdom often mixes the sacred with the more sacred, with a bit of bawdy judgment, such as: The terrain of a beautiful womans body will eventually stale. Not so with a great golf course; its topography can continue to intrigue and delight the golfer for a lifetime.

To be fair to the fairer sex, I might suggest that the terrain of a young golfers body eventually will develop different terrain, with rolling mounds where there had been tight, rippling hills and valleys, doglegs where there had been straight, open fairways and obstructed views in which seeing the ball can be a challenge.

Oddly enough, Peck was a late-comer to the game of golf, writing, It wasnt until I was well over 50 that I began to envision golf as a spiritual discipline meaning an opportunity to learn all the things involved in doing it well. Mostly the things I had to learn were things about myself: about my temperament, my personality, and the hundreds of roadblocks I put in my own way as I lived life as well as golf.

OMG, there could be hope for me. Im well over 50, and the retreat gave me a few more tools for my bag.

Im trying to take time to admire the glory of nature during schedule delays or changes for one reason or another when I previously might have just chafed at the bit.

Im attempting to set aside some time for reflection after completing an assignment or a chore instead of just leaping to the next one.

I suspect that Ill be better at keeping my head down for reflection than during a shot.

Original post:

Mike Tighe: Common ground for golf, spirituality: Keep head down - La Crosse Tribune

Ramadan in Morocco: Time for Spirituality, Self-Control and Reflection – Morocco World News

By Jenna Kleinwort

Rabat The fasting in Ramadan has manifold aims and goals. One of the holy months main ideas is that fasting for a period of time allows one to step into the shoes of the poor and hungry. Moreover, it is a month of spirituality and reflection.

Additional prayers are incorporated into the Ramadan routine and believers try to embrace and intensify their connection to God. Ramadan is about far more than simply abstaining from eating and drinking from sunset until dawn, and there are many different traditions and rituals followed by Muslim countries across the world.

The rhythm changes

In Morocco during the time of Ramadan, life is simply different, and its pace and rhythm changes. People follow their normal daily routines, but those that have the possibility to sleep in a few hours later than normal. The streets are less busy in the morning hours. Most businesses do not open until 10 a.m.

Cafs and restaurants, except for a few places which hope to attract tourists, remain closed during the day. The streets and markets, especially the souks, get busy in the early afternoon. And from two hours before breaking the fast many rush to the beaches and parks in order to do their daily exercise or sports practice.

The first days of Ramadan

The beginning of a new month in the Islamic calendar is marked by the new moon. The exact time of when the fasting begins can thus either be determined by the physical sighting of the new moon or follow calculations of the new moon.

Morocco follows the Saudi Arabian declaration of the beginning of the month. This year the new moon was sighted in the evening of May 26 and thus the first day of fasting was Saturday, May 27.

The day begins in the middle of the night

Suhur is the pre-dawn meal, which is consumed early in the morning and is thus the last meal before the beginning of the daily fast. The exact time until it can be taken depends on the location. This year Suhur can be eaten in Rabat until approximately 3:30 am.

The Suhur meal consists of light dishes, which preferably have a long-time energy release. Dates, yoghurt, some fruit as well as Moroccan Sellou which is a Moroccan sweet made from toasted sesame seeds, fried almonds and flour and rich in calories and nutrients and therefore helps to restore energy.

Suhur is followed by the fajr prayer, which is one of the five prayers offered. Fajr prayer is practised between the beginning of dawn and sunrise. It has been interpreted in accordance with the Islamic prophet Muhammad to be Gods most favoured prayer, since others are still asleep at the time of the prayer. The call to the fajr prayer marks the beginning of the fasting.

After the fajr prayer it is time to go (back) to bed and get some sleep. Then in the morning the normal daily routine begins, which means that Moroccans go to school or work, until it is time for the next prayer: the Dhuhur prayer, or the noon prayer after midday. The Asr prayer takes place in the afternoon. The preparations for the ftour (breakfast), the first meal of the day, also begin in the early afternoon with shopping in the souk or market, which get very crowded, and then the cooking and preparation of all dishes begin.

The cannons sound and the meal begins

Traditionally cannon sounds mark the call to the maghrib prayer, which means that it is sunset and the fast can be broken. In Rabat the cannons are shot in the central district of Hassan and this years Ramadan time of the call to maghrib was between 7:30 and 7:45 p.m. The time of the call changes, as days get longer. Following the tradition of the prophet Muhammad, many Muslims break the fast by eating three ripe dates and drinking some water or milk and after that perform the maghrib prayer.

After the prayer, the real ftour meal can be eaten. In Morocco the ftour meal consists of the Ramadan soup harira, alongside with eggs, dates, chebakia, as well as different kinds of breads such as harcha and rghayif served with cheese and honey, as well as milk, different juices and of course water. The ftour meal is completed with a cup of the traditional Moroccan mint tea or coffee. Then it is time to go to the mosque, the asha prayer begins around 21:15.

Time for socializing

After the prayer it is time for many to socialize with their friends, and they rush to their favourite coffee shops or restaurants. In Rabat, popular areas such as the Avenue Feranza in Agdal or the Petri square in Hassan get crowded, and those trying to secure their spot in one of the cafs try to arrive as early as possible after they finish the prayer.

Ramadan is not only a month of abstinence and spirituality, but also one of bonding and getting closer to each other and the shared beliefs and traditions contribute their share to strengthening the compassion and society in general.

In many Moroccan families a dinner meal is eaten after the prayer around midnight. Many serve the national Moroccan dish tagine, with either chicken or beef and many different vegetables, sided by bread. Others may prefer fish or seafood dishes or a lighter meal. Since this years Ramadan luckily coincides with the season of melon, Moroccans enjoy honeydew melon or watermelon for a dessert.

During Ramadan, there are additional prayers the taraweeh prayers- for more spirituality and reflection. The Arabic word taraweeh means something like relax and rest and in these prayers long sections of the Quran are recited. The taraweeh prayers are usually prayed in congregation at the mosque.

Conscience, control and compassion

Without any doubt the month of Ramadan is a very special time in Morocco. It gives the opportunity to slow down the hectic pace of everyday life, step back, and reflect and reconsider the things we are doing and why. Some also use this month to get rid of one bad habit or another, even if it is just small changes.

Prophet Muhammad stressed the importance of small improvements, which might be more successful than radical changes that cannot be maintained. And of course fasting teaches endurance, patience, and gratitude for what we easily tend to take for granted.

Ramadan is a month that strengthens the social relationships and creates deep connection in the community. Describing the feeling and experience of the month Ramadan is difficult, but it can be found in a blend of conscience, consideration, control and compassion.

Join the Conversation. What do you think?

See the rest here:

Ramadan in Morocco: Time for Spirituality, Self-Control and Reflection - Morocco World News

Summer Spirituality: MEOR Helps 36 Rutgers, NYU Undergrads Discover Their Jewish Souls in Israel – Jewish Link of New Jersey

MEOR students pose for a group photo after an inspirational day in the Old City of Jerusalem. (Credit: MEOR)

MEOR students beam with Jewish pride as they celebrate the 50th anniversary of the reunification of Jerusalem. (Credit: MEOR)

MEOR students receive their own siddurim after a workshop about prayer. (Credit: MEOR)

MEOR students learn about Jewish connectivity on a porch overlooking the Western Wall Plaza. (Credit: MEOR)

MEOR students participate in leadership training exercises in the Carmel Forest. (Credit: MEOR)

MEOR students saddle up to learn about ancient Israel. (Credit: MEOR)

As their school year drew to a close, nearly 200 undergraduate student leaders from Americas top colleges and universitiesincluding 36 from Rutgers and NYUclosed the book on their academic studies and readied themselves for a spiritual adventure. With their sights set on exploration and introspection, the group of elite students boarded flights for Israel to jumpstart the summer with an identity-building experience unlike any other.

Run by MEOR (www.MEOR.org), a non-profit organization dedicated to inspiring, educating and empowering Jewish students at top universities across the country, the 18-day MEOR Israel program affords students the opportunity to delve deep into their heritage through classes with dynamic teachers on topics such as Jewish leadership, relationships and philosophy while exploring Israels rich and varied historic, geographic, recreational and cultural landscape. These unique Israel experiences allow students to build powerful connections to Israel as part of their burgeoning Jewish identities.

Our students consistently mention that the combination of engaging classes taught by engaging educators and exciting, atypical touring experiences makes MEOR Israel the ultimate platform for self-discovery and exploration of Jewish heritage and identity. Year after year, they return home inspired to seek out additional Jewish engagement opportunities and ways to connect to Israel, said Debra Kodish, MEORs executive vice president.

By design, MEOR Israel provides participants with the opportunity to discover facets of Israel that are not usually on the itinerary. This makes for a richer and even more impactful experience.

Between May 14 and June 9, four different groups participated in the MEOR Israel program, including students from Boston University, Emory, George Washington, Brandeis, Cornell, NYU, Temple, Rutgers, Tufts, Binghamton, University of Maryland and University of Pennsylvania. At the farewell banquets held for each group, the students expressed their deepest gratitude to the MEOR educators for their guidance throughout the extraordinary journey and made it clear that MEOR Israel was among the most meaningful and enjoyable excursions of their college careers.

MEOR Israel cemented my relationship with Israel and connected me to Judaism. As Soviet Jews, my family suffered severe persecution and then faced discrimination as Jewish immigrants when they arrived in the United States. It has been a long road, but after this trip, I am finally inspired to take pride in my Jewish identity, said Andrew Tetyevsky, a senior at NYU.

Yosepha Morrison, a student at Rutgers, added that she greatly appreciated MEORs unique approach to leadership training, which encourages participants to really think. The learning and touring on MEOR Israel helped me realize just how connected I feel to the Jewish people and to Israel. I will take what I have learned here and show others what Israel and Judaism truly represent.

While some of the students had never been to Israel before, quite a few had participated in one or more organized trips to the Holy Land. Still, they explained that the structure of the program, attentiveness of the staff and warmth of the group helped them appreciate Israel on an entirely different level.

I had been to Israel a few times before, but MEOR Israel was totally different, explained Peter Danis, a senior at the University of Maryland. The trip incorporated deep conversations about ethics, morality and spirituality, and the educators were so insightful and approachable. They helped us consider the big picture and reflect on whats truly important in life.

Anna Goodman, a student from the George Washington University, added that the experience was the spiritual wake-up call she so desperately needed. MEOR Israel has inspired me to do everything I can to incorporate Jewish values and lessons into my everyday life. I have learned that Judaism means living a life of meaning and purpose to better the world around me, and I need to get started.

By Elie Klein

Continue reading here:

Summer Spirituality: MEOR Helps 36 Rutgers, NYU Undergrads Discover Their Jewish Souls in Israel - Jewish Link of New Jersey

CM Trivendra Singh Rawat, thousands of others perform yoga … – NYOOOZ

Summary: "Yoga is a secret to good health, and is also a medium to attain spiritual peace. "Under the guidance of The Art of Living, around 6,000 people participated in the yoga fest.Special yoga sessions conducted for jail inmates and police staff in Haridwar , while over 4,000 participants practiced yoga in Haldwami which was organised by The Art of Living, along with the SSP police office.Students from different schools, medical and engineering colleges also performed yoga on their respective campuses under the guidance of their yoga teachers. The whole world has accepted yoga, and through its regular practice, one can attain spiritual enlightenment and physical and mental development," said Rawat.Huge number of foreigners also participated in the yoga fest conducted in Rishikesh by different yoga institutions.Parmarth Niketan conducted yoga not only in Rishikesh but also in New York, where more than 1,000 people participated at the United Nations under the aegis of spiritual guru Swami Chidanand Saraswati.Saraswati said, "With so much turmoil, conflict and challenges in our world today, yoga is the key to a healthier, happier and harmonious future. DEHRADUN: Chief minister Trivendra Singh Rawat and his cabinet colleagues performed yoga at the Parade ground to commemorate the third International Yoga Day on Wednesday.Thousands of people from other districts, students, children, NCC cadets, members of social organisations and senior officials of the state government also performed yoga.The event was conducted under the guidance of master trainers from The Art of Living, Patanjali Yogpeeth, Pamarth Niketan and yoga teachers from Gurukul University At the Parade Ground, education minister Arvind Pandey refused to come on the stage and kept on performing various asanas with public.The chief minister appealed to the people to make the ancient practice a part of their daily life and derive benefits from it.

DEHRADUN: Chief minister Trivendra Singh Rawat and his cabinet colleagues performed yoga at the Parade ground to commemorate the third International Yoga Day on Wednesday.Thousands of people from other districts, students, children, NCC cadets, members of social organisations and senior officials of the state government also performed yoga.The event was conducted under the guidance of master trainers from The Art of Living, Patanjali Yogpeeth, Pamarth Niketan and yoga teachers from Gurukul University At the Parade Ground, education minister Arvind Pandey refused to come on the stage and kept on performing various asanas with public.The chief minister appealed to the people to make the ancient practice a part of their daily life and derive benefits from it. "Yoga is a secret to good health, and is also a medium to attain spiritual peace. The whole world has accepted yoga, and through its regular practice, one can attain spiritual enlightenment and physical and mental development," said Rawat.Huge number of foreigners also participated in the yoga fest conducted in Rishikesh by different yoga institutions.Parmarth Niketan conducted yoga not only in Rishikesh but also in New York, where more than 1,000 people participated at the United Nations under the aegis of spiritual guru Swami Chidanand Saraswati.Saraswati said, "With so much turmoil, conflict and challenges in our world today, yoga is the key to a healthier, happier and harmonious future."Under the guidance of The Art of Living, around 6,000 people participated in the yoga fest.Special yoga sessions conducted for jail inmates and police staff in Haridwar , while over 4,000 participants practiced yoga in Haldwami which was organised by The Art of Living, along with the SSP police office.Students from different schools, medical and engineering colleges also performed yoga on their respective campuses under the guidance of their yoga teachers..

. . .

Source: http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/dehradun/cm-rawat-thousands-of-others-perform-yoga/articleshow/59258432.cms

Original post:

CM Trivendra Singh Rawat, thousands of others perform yoga ... - NYOOOZ

My Favorite Spiritual Movies – Splice Today

A Top 10 list.

Ive always loved spiritual films. To me, movie theaters are like nouveau cathedrals. A bunch of strangers sit in a darkened theater staring at a screen while a morality tale plays itself out in front of them. Cinematic scripture is comprised of slick images, sharp dialogue, and awe-inspiring music. Modern-day evangelists are film directors, screenwriters, and actors. When applied to spiritual stories, movies can teach and inspire. Heres my Top 10 list of spiritual movies.

10) The MissionThe opening scene depicts a Jesuit priest tied to a cross and thrown over a waterfall to his death. The priest has been martyred for disobeying a Roman Catholic missive to close a mission in the jungles of South America and give the land to Portuguese slave traders. Robert DeNiro is a former slave trader who yearns for atonement. He helps priest Jeremy Irons save the mission and keep the local natives free from slavery. The film is about following ones conscience in a world besieged with violence, greed and the pursuit of power. Through the miracle of Gods grace, even the worst among us can be transformed.

9) The Truman ShowJim Carrey plays Truman, a man born and raised on a movie set. His wife, boss, best friend, and even his neighbors are all part of a hit TV show broadcast to the world. Truman doesnt know this. He goes along living his bland existence unaware his life is a stage. Before long Truman experiences an awakening, a need to discover the truth of his existence. His peers urge him to maintain the status quo, but Truman listens to his inner voice. He leaves the firm footing of land (the movie set) and escapes across a stormy ocean. This is his spiritual journey. By storys end he realizes theres more to life then a pre-scripted day-to-day existence. The final scene shows Truman exiting a door to a new world.

8) Jacobs LadderWritten by the master of spiritual screenwriting, Bruce Joel Rubin, the film tells of Jacob Singer, a Vietnam veteran trapped in a literal hell on earth. Everywhere he sees demons and symbols of hell and cant discern if hes lucid or hallucinating. Biblical references are everywhere. Jacobs girlfriend is Jezebel, like the Biblical wife of King Ahab who influenced her husband to abandon the worship of God. Jacob is named after the biblical patriarch who dreams of a stairway between heaven and earth. The storys message is found in a quote by Meister Eckhart paraphrased at the end of the film. The only thing that burns in Hell is the part of you that wont let go of your life, your memories, your attachments. Theyre not punishing you. Theyre freeing your soul. If youre frightened of dying and youre holding on, youll see devils tearing your life away. But if youve made your peace, then the devils are really angels, freeing you from the earth.

7) Cool Hand LukePaul Newman is Luke, a man sentenced to a chain gang for a petty crime. The prison guards try to beat him down, but Lukes spirit is indomitable. Luke is a Christ figure, taking on beatings to absolve his fellow prisoners of their punishment. He picks up a rattlesnake without being bit as if suggesting Satan has no power over him. His prison number is 37, a reference to the Book of Luke 1:37: For with God nothing shall be impossible. Like Christ, Lukes purpose is to show his fellow prisoners how to achieve freedom from tyranny and oppression. Lukes sacrifice is inevitable. The evil prison guard Godfrey (free of God) ultimately guns him down. But Godfreys ever-present sunglasses are crushed, implying that Lukes death has freed his fellow prisoners once and for all.

6) The MatrixThis sci-fi epic is all about humans living in a dream world of illusion. But theres a higher existence, a transcendent reality beyond that which we can touch and see. Neo is a Christ figure, the one who will bring freedom to us all. Hes a seeker on a personal path toward enlightenment. He comes to realize that the pain of the world is brought on by ignorance, craving and greed. Only through the Buddhist concept of non-attachment can one achieve freedom. The film is packed with religious and mythological symbolism. The character Trinity represents the Christian concept of completion. Morpheus is the teacher, the god of dreams. Cypher is the betrayer, the Judas whose mathematical symbol is zero. The film spurs us to question what is real and illusion in our own lives. As the Taoist philosopher Chuang Tzu wrote in the fourth century, While we dream we do not know we dream. Fools think we are awake now. Only when we awake do we know it is a dream.

5) Its A Wonderful LifeThis 1946 classic is the most enduring spiritual movie of all time. Jimmy Stewart plays George Bailey, an ordinary man stuck in a go-nowhere job, trapped by small-town existence. His unfulfilled dreams overwhelm him to the point he considers suicide. With the help of Clarence, a celestial angel, he learns gratitude, to appreciate his normal life as magnificent. Everything we do or say has a positive or negative impact on others. Our life is a gift to be cherished and appreciated. As Clarence says near the end of the film, Each mans life touches so many other lives. And when he isnt around he leaves an awful hole, doesnt he?

4) Groundhog DayThis Harold Ramis comedy is a favorite among religious leaders of all faiths. Through a twist of fate, Bill Murray is forced to relive the same day over and over again. The movie taps into the Buddhist idea of samsara, the cycle of rebirth and suffering humans try to overcome. Murray is a bodhisattva, a person on the brink of nirvana. He must learn the spiritual lessons required to end the cycle of pain and save his soul. The film also resonates with Jewish teaching since Murray must perform mitzvahs (good deeds) to find happiness.

3) The ExorcistThis classic horror film is a spiritual primer in good vs. evil. When first released in 1973, the film was considered evil and satanic by evangelist Billy Graham. But screenwriter William Peter Blatty wrote the story as an honest exploration of spirituality in the modern age. Does evil exist? Why do bad things happen to innocent people? The film embraces the Christian concept that God laid down his own life to save humanity. When asking why our world is so dysfunctional and dark, were tempted to reach for human answers (poverty, lack of education, mental illness). But perhaps a return to the fundamental principles of our faith is required. The film is terrifying but in the end good triumphs over evil and the audience is forced to explore their own beliefs about spirituality and God.

2) GhostThis 1989 film written by Bruce Joel Rubin perfectly lays out the rules of Judeo-Christian ideology. The body is a vessel for the soul. If a man dies before hes ready, his soul wanders the afterlife in a state of confusion. This lost soul is what we call a ghost. Like a river cut off from the ocean, our soul needs guidance to return from where we all came. Our individual lives are where we learn important spiritual lessons. Some people have the ability to communicate with lost souls. These people become spiritual guides and teach key lessons. Those who follow the path of good connect to the light. Those who stray and embrace evil are absorbed by darkness. Only through love and compassion can we learn the great truth of existence. We are all Spirit.

1) Star WarsMay the Force be with you. There is no greater spiritual proclamation in the history of cinema. Though ostensibly a sci-fi action flick, the Stars Wars trilogy is embedded with spiritual wisdom. From the samurai-like teachings of Obi-Wan Kenobi to the Zen wisdom of Yoda, spiritual dogma is embedded in Star Wars. While writing the original screenplay, George Lucas consulted with Joseph Campbell, the renowned teacher of myth and spiritual folklore. Campbells Hero With A Thousand Faces has become a source manual for screenwriters attempting to craft a spiritual tale. The Force (i.e., God, Tao, Dharma) is inside us and around us at all times. All we need to do is tap into this energy and universal equanimity will be restored.

Continued here:

My Favorite Spiritual Movies - Splice Today

Lord Carey steps back from ministry after ‘harrowing’ report on Peter Ball case – Church Times

BOTH the Archbishop of Canterburys predecessors have issued personal apologies, and the Archbishop has asked Lord Carey to consider his position as an honorary assistant bishop in the diocese of Oxford, after the publication of an independent report on the Peter Ball case and the Churchs part in it.

Lord Carey has been strongly criticised in the report of the review group, chaired by Dame Moira Gibb, which was published on Thursday, almost two years after the review was announced by Archbishop Welby (News, 7 October 2015).

The 81-page report, Abuse of Faith, sets out in detail the events and circumstances leading up to, surrounding, and following the arrest and imprisonment of Ball, who received a three-year sentence in October 2015, having admitted to a series of indecent assaults and the abuse of 18 young men aged 17-25. One of his victims took his own life. Ball, who is 85, was released in February after serving 16 months of his sentence.

The report criticises the conduct of several senior Church of England figures in particular, Lord Carey, who, it says, failed to respond to repeated expressions of concern and allegations against Bishop Ball most notably those of the late Neil Todd, who was repeatedly abused by the bishop during the 1980s and 90s.

In a statement on the report, which he described as harrowing, Archbishop Welby said that the Church had colluded and concealed rather than acted to help survivors to come forward; and he repeated an unreserved apology for this.

This is inexcusable and shocking behaviour, and, although Dame Moira notes that most of the events took place many years ago, and does not think that the Church now would conduct itself in the ways described, we can never be complacent: we must learn lessons.

A copy of a letter to Lord Carey, requesting that he carefully consider relinquishing his title as honorary assistant bishop, was leaked online on Thursday morning. The existence of the correspondence was later confirmed in a statement from the Bishop of Oxford, Dr Steven Croft, who said that he had agreed to meet Lord Carey in the coming days. In the mean time, he has voluntarily agreed to step back from public ministry.

Receiving the report on behalf of Archbishop Welby, on Thursday, however, the Bishop of Bath & Wells, the Rt Revd Peter Hancock, who is the lead bishop on safeguarding, said that news of the leaked letter was very disappointing, since the focus should have been on the survivors.

Having read the report, I am appalled and deeply disturbed by its contents. . . Today is a reminder of how we have failed, and this report provides robust recommendations for how we can improve our safeguarding practice.

Ball had continued to abuse young boys and men sexually and physically for his own gratification, under the pretence of providing spiritual enlightenment, for the duration of his ministry as monk, priest, and, later, bishop, the report says. He had been involved in founding and running monastic religious communities since 1960, when concerns were first raised about his behaviour including reports of praying naked on the chapel floor, self-flagellation, and the physical and sexual harassment and abuse of others, including schoolboys.

The Churchs trivialisation of such allegations, together with its nave, prescriptive, and prejudiced attitude towards homosexuality, were in part to blame for its repeated failure to acknowledge and conduct a proper investigation into the exploitation carried out by Ball throughout his ministry, the report says.

It describes how, in October 1992, Mr Todd, after attempting to take his own life, disclosed the abuse to a Mr A, who passed on the allegations to the Bishop of Chichester at the time, the late Dr Eric Kemp, who subsequently briefed Lord Carey. It was not until Mr Todd attempted to take his life for a second time, however, that his worried parents contacted Gloucester Police. This eventually led to a Metropolitan Police investigation into the allegations.

Lambeth Palace later issued a press statement acknowledging the investigations. It stated that Lord Carey had instructed Bishop Ball to rest from his official duties, and was praying for him. There was no mention of survivors, and it said: It must be emphasized that no charges have been brought against the Bishop, and the allegations about him are unsubstantiated. Moreover, the Bishop has a proven record of outstanding pastoral work, particularly amongst young people.

In 1993, Ball stood down as Bishop of Gloucester after his arrest and caution for gross indecency. In the December, Lambeth Palace received seven letters containing potentially disturbing information about Ball, but did not release them during the police investigation. Lord Carey chose not to place Ball on the Lambeth list naming clerics of questionable suitability, and during a CRB check of Ball in 2004, no evidence of the police caution had been recorded.

JOHN SMYTH, the Evangelical Christian camp leader accused of savagely beating young men during the 1970s and 80s in his garden shed, has been formally expelled from his church in South Africa, where he now lives

Only one of those letters was handed over, Dame Moira said on Thursday. It is perfectly possible that the course of events would have been altered had those letters been handed over. It was deeply inappropriate that the Church did not hand them over at that time.

Bishop Hancock said: It was disgraceful that the Church consistently and completely failed those survivors at that time.

Mr Todd took his own life in 2012, after the allegations against Ball resurfaced. This led to an investigation by Sussex Police, Operation Dunhill. Lord Carey had played down previous concerns, allowed Ball to continue his ministry, and even provided funds to assist Ball during this time, the report says.

Both Lord Carey and Lord Williams, who was Archbishop when the police investigation into Ball was conducted in 2012, have apologised.

Lord Carey states: I accept the criticisms made of me. I apologise to the victims of Peter Ball. I believed Peter Balls protestations and gave too little credence to the vulnerable young men and boys behind those allegations. I regret that after Peter Ball was cautioned I did not place his name on the Lambeth list.

While Lord Williams had inherited a confused situation from his predecessor, and started the process that led to Balls arrest and imprisonment, he had been too slow, and missed the opportunity to review and clarify the case, the report says.

Lord Williams acknowledged this in his apology. It is clear that I did not give adequate priority to sorting out the concerns and allegations surrounding Peter Ball at the earliest opportunity. I recognise that such a delay is likely to have increased the pressure and distress experienced by the survivors of his abuse and I am sincerely sorry for this.

The report also criticises other senior church figures, including Balls predecessor as Bishop of Gloucester, the Rt Revd John Yates, as well as Peter Balls idenitical twin brother, the Rt Revd Michael Ball, who conducted a manipulative campaign to allow his brother to continue his ministry.

Concerning one aspect of the twins relationship, it concludes: It appears to us extraordinary that a bishop should, at best, be so careless as to allow himself to be impersonated, and particularly to be impersonated by a former bishop who had resigned in the circumstances detailed above. However, the Church has considered these matters and has taken no further action. That may be appropriate in the light of Bishop Michael Balls age, and status as a retired bishop.

The report dismisses allegations that any member of the royal family intervened on Peter Balls behalf. Ball himself, both in his correspondence and in his public statements, sought to exploit his contact with members of the Royal Family in order to bolster his position, particularly in the eyes of Lord Carey and others from whom he hoped to receive sympathetic treatment.

We have reviewed all the relevant material including the correspondence passing between the Prince of Wales and Ball held by the Church and found no evidence that the Prince of Wales or any other member of the Royal Family sought to intervene at any point in order to protect or promote Ball.

The report also notes of Peter Ball: His decision to withhold his co-operation with this review does not sit well with [his] declarations [of remorse].

Presenting the report, Dame Moira said: Peter Ball abused his faith and his Church, appearing outwardly as a good and holy man while actively harming others. He abused the faith that people rightly had in him as a leader in the Church, and most importantly he abused the faith of those who sought spiritual guidance from him, and instead found hurt, deceit, and manipulation.

These shocking acts were compounded by the failure of the Church to respond appropriately to numerous concerns raised by survivors and others, including those who had known and worked with Ball, she said.

Her report sets out 11 recommendations for the Church, both to support the complex needs of survivors properly, and to prevent further abuse. This includes reviewing its safeguarding procedures, as well as the responsibilities of the National Safeguarding Team and the Lambeth, Bishopthorpe, and Archbishops lists.

Bishop Hancock said that a copy of the report had been sent to all the Bishops, and that survivors would be invited to tell of their experiences, including the family of Mr Todd. He also referred to new safeguarding legislation and updated guidance from the House of Bishops.

For the survivors, it may feel this is all too late. I am personally aware from my meetings with individual survivors in the course of my work that they live with the effects of this abuse for their whole life. I once again offer them my wholehearted apology.

Report in full here.

Read more:

Lord Carey steps back from ministry after 'harrowing' report on Peter Ball case - Church Times

Moon, Venus and Sun Rise in New Space Station Video

'Alien Megastructure' Star Subject of 'Space...

New Experimental Space Plane Design Released...

Neutron Stars - What are They? How will NICER...

NASA NICER Mission - Neutron Stars and 'GPS'...

Powerful NASA SLS Rocket Engine Test-Fired in...

NASAs Future Plans Simply Put in 2018 Budget...

Harmonious Universe on Display Again in TRAPP...

Storytelling Platform 'Makers Men' Profiles A...

Watch an Extremely Large Telescope Mirror Bak...

Unplanned Spacewalk Given Green Light to Repl...

Bricks 3D Printed Using Simulated Moondust |...

Moving Black Hole Possibly Spotted in Far Awa...

Fomalhaut Star's Huge Ring of Dusty Debris Ca...

Stealth Supermoon: The New Moon Supermoon Exp...

Benefits of Cancer Research on Space Station...

How to Make a Peanut Butter and Jelly Sandwic...

'WeDon'tPlanet'Episode 4: What's the Evide...

Moon, Venus and Sun Rise in New Space Station...

'Alien: Covenant' Crew Parties Ahead of Cryos...

Should We Search for E.T.? 'Alien: Covenant'...

Human-Made Radio Bubble Shields Earth from Ra...

Cold-War Era Blasts Impacted Space Weather |...

Why Does NASA Use Sounding Rockets? | Video

Spacecraft Exactly Between Dwarf Planet Ceres...

NASA Launches Black Brant IX Suborbital Sound...

Would the Cast of 'Alien: Covenant' Go to Spa...

Blastoff! SpaceX Launches Inmarsat-5 F4 Satel...

'Star Wars' Names Race Up Popular Baby Name C...

Glints of Light on Earth Captured from Millio...

Talking Dangers of AI - Alien: Covenants Rid...

'Awesome Sauce' - Astronaut's Excitement Brew...

First Mom in Space! Anna Fisher Tells Her Ama...

'America's Secret Space Heroes' - Saturn V Ro...

Watch Big Asteroid 2014 JO25 Tumble in New Ra...

'Archinaut Ulisses' Could Reduce On-Orbit Con...

On-Orbit Assembly Required? Made in Spaces '...

'We Dont Planet' - Episode 3: Gravitational...

Mars, Pennsylvania Celebrates Martian New Yea...

New Earth from ISS Time-Lapse - Deserts, Clou...

See the Crab Nebula in Several Different Wave...

Lava Waves Behind Jupiter Moon Ios Temperatu...

SpaceX Falcon Heavys Center Core Test-Fired...

Spacewalkers 'Action Cam' Captures Spectacul...

5,000 Days in Space! 'Astronomy Robot' Spitz...

Meteor Flash! Eta Aquarid Leaves Smoke Trail...

Air Force Space Plane Lands After 718 Days |...

Hubble Uses 'Super Vision' on Galaxy Cluster...

Martian Year - How Long is It? NASA Explains...

'Dot of Light' Documentary Tells Story of 3 F...

See Amsterdam and Its Artificial Islands from...

We Don't Planet - Episode 2: Dark Energy | Vi...

Faint Features from Far Away Galaxy Cluster R...

Ringed Asteroid 'Chariklo' Visualized by Rese...

Saturn Probes Daring Dive - Movie Sequence...

US Launches ICBM Test for Second Week in a Ro...

Small Magellanic Cloud Seen in 'Remarkable De...

Cosmic Tsunami! Galaxy Cluster Flyby Triggers...

Listen In! Saturn Probe Hit with Very Few Par...

James Webb Space Telescopes Testing at NASA...

Virgin Galactic's 'Unity' Completes First 'Fe...

See Jupiter, Saturn and More Planets in May 2...

NASA Orion Spacecrafts Abort System Motor Te...

Wow! Amazing Views of SpaceX Rocket Separatio...

Planets, Constellations and Eta Aquarid Meteo...

Touchdown! SpaceX First Stage Lands After Lau...

Blastoff! Spy Satellite Launched by SpaceX fo...

SpaceX Breaks Up US Spy Satellite Launch Mono...

NASA and Trump: What Happened in Space in the...

Cassini Survived 1st Grand Finale Dive - Miss...

We Dont Planet: What Astrophysics Video Seri...

We Dont Planet: Episode 1 The Structure of...

Watch Triton Orbit Neptune via Kepler Space T...

Tropical Storms Create Gamma-Ray Flashes | Vi...

Closest Saturn Pics Yet Snapped During Daring...

Cassini Spacecraft's Grand Finale Dives - Ris...

Excerpt from:

Moon, Venus and Sun Rise in New Space Station Video

After 228 days in space, Conn. astronaut retires – CT Post

Photo: Kathleen O'Rourke / King School

After 228 days in space, Conn. astronaut retires

After 228 days in space on three space shuttle missions and one long stay at the International Space Station, Connecticuts astronaut has retired.

Rick Mastracchio, 57, a UConn graduate and Waterbury native retired from NASA on Friday.

"Rick is a classmate and a friend and he has done great work for NASA, both in space and on the ground," Chief Astronaut Pat Forrester said in a release announcing the veteran spacemans retirement.

Forrester, who was selected as an astronaut in the same class as Mastracchio, said "his breadth of experience over three decades in human spaceflight will serve him well as he moves on to his next endeavor."

During his four spaceflights, Mastracchio took photos of his native Connecticut from high above. He used social media to post photos and send greetings to Nutmeg State residents on Earth. His most recent mission ended in May 2014 after he spent 188 days aboard the International Space Station.

Some of the photos are so detailed, you can even see Charles Island in Milford, Interstate 95 and major southwest Connecticut cities.

Touched down in Stamford

In 2014, Mastracchio and colleague Steve Swanson did a live question-and-answer session from the space station with children at Sandy Hook Elementary School, which had a new building since the December 2012 shooting that killed 26 people.

Last March, Mastracchio visited King School in Stamford where he told students of his time in space.

"My first mission, I would float upside down and hang from the ceiling eating my lunch, for no really good reason other than I can float upside down and eat my lunch," Mastracchio said. "It's really neat."

Mastracchio, who made nine spacewalks since 1996, told students that weird things happen in space aside from the challenges of simple-on-Earth tasks like showering and shoe-tying.

The lack of gravity causes astronauts to lose the calluses they have on the bottoms of their feet and develop new ones on top. While orbiting Earth, they experience 16 sunrises and sunsets every 24 hours. Six people sharing the same filtered air gives the International Space Station a unique smell.

Weightlessness also causes fluid retention.

"You get this puffy head and you feel warm like maybe you have a bit of a fever," Mastracchio said. "You see some astronauts and it's really, really obvious. Your body goes through a lot of changes in both directions."

But nothing beats floating.

"It's really cool," he said. "It's like you're Superman."

From UConn to space

In 1982, Mastracchio was awarded a bachelor of science degree in electrical engineering and computer science from the University of Connecticut, and two master of science degrees in electrical engineering and physical science, from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in Troy, New York, and University of Houston-Clear Lake, respectively.

In 2014, he delivered the graduation address to UConns school of engineering. His recorded address was shown on the video boards at Gampel Pavilion to about 5,000 people, including more than 400 graduating seniors and their families, and several members of Mastracchio's family, including his wife, Candi.

Beginning in 1987, Mastracchio worked first with Hamilton Standard and then with Rockwell Shuttle Operations Co. before coming to NASA in 1990 as an engineer. He worked in the Shuttle Avionics Integration Laboratory on space shuttle flight software, and in the Astronaut Office on ascent and abort procedures for crew members. From there, he became a Guidance and Procedures Officer flight controller, working in mission control for space shuttle ascents and entries, before being selected as an astronaut in 1996.

The missions

His first flight, STS-106, came in 2000, on board space shuttle Atlantis, when he and his crewmates worked to prepare the space station for its first expedition crew. He returned aboard space shuttle Endeavour for STS-118 in 2007, when as lead spacewalker, he participated in three spacewalks to install a new truss segment, a new gyroscope and a new spare parts platform on the space station's exterior.

In 2010, Mastracchio was part of the STS-131 crew of space shuttle Discovery. He performed another three spacewalks and helped deliver 27,000 pounds of hardware, including three experiment racks and new sleeping quarters for the space station. He was then able to put the hardware to use in 2014, when he spent 188 days in space as part of the Expedition 38 and 39 crews. During that stay, he performed three more spacewalks, leaving him with a total of 53 hours spent outside the space station on nine spacewalks.

Earlier reporting by Liz Skalka was used in this story.

Follow this link:

After 228 days in space, Conn. astronaut retires - CT Post

Captain’s log: Medtech company to conduct research on International Space Station – Med-Tech Innovation

Medtech organisation Emulate was awarded $2 million by the NIHs National Centre for Advancing Translation Sciences (NCATS) to use its organs-on-chips technology to evaluate the effects of space travel on human brain cells. The research could help uncover new ways of understanding neurological diseases on Earth.

The grant will allow Emulate to develop a fully automated research platform and conduct experiments onthe International Space Station. Emulate will analyse the Brain-Chip, which consists of neuronal and vascular endothelial cells in a living micro-engineered environment. Experiments will be conducted under healthy and inflamed states to assess how space travel affects neuronal function.

The experiments will be conducted by the Centre for the Advancement of Science in Space (CASIS), the organisation which NASA tasks to manage research onboard the International Space Station. CASIS will be responsible for implementing Emulates Human Emulation System, which combines micro-engineering with living human cells to examine human biology.

The International Space Station gives researchers an environment to study human health in microgravity. This allows them to decouple the force of gravity from other effects that can impact brain cell function. Researchers will conduct a number of experiments using the Brain-Chip which study a range of factors regarding space travel and human health. These include how hypergravity experienced during launch, reduced availability of oxygen and increased levels of stress hormones influence brain function.

Geraldine A. Hamilton,president and chief scientific officer of Emulate said: We are honoured to be selected for this research at the International Space Station which sets forth courageous goals to pioneer discoveries in space and to improve human health here on Earth. As we make our Human Emulation System available to labs throughout the world, we continue to push new boundaries. It's an exciting opportunity for us to collaborate with experts working in the space program so that we can leverage research with Organ-Chips in space and apply the learnings to human health challenges that are experienced on Earth.

The project will also assess the relationship between inflammation and brain function, potentially advancing understanding of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimers and Parkinsons. In particular, the research will focus on blood-brain barrier functionality. The blood-brain-barrier protects the brain by preventing unwanted substances entering the brain, and can be altered during inflammation. The studies will use the Brain-Chip to evaluate the efficacy of anti-inflammatory therapeutic intervention on the bloodbrain barrier in space.

NCATS Director Christopher P. Austin, said: Conducting research with Organs-on-Chips technology on the International Space Station is a remarkable opportunity to understand disease and improve human health. Physiological functions in the microgravity of the International Space Station will provide insights that will increase translational effectiveness on Earth, including identifying novel targets for drug discovery and development.

More here:

Captain's log: Medtech company to conduct research on International Space Station - Med-Tech Innovation

Updated Kepler catalog contains 219 new exoplanet candidates – Spaceflight Now

NASAs Kepler space telescope team has identified 219 new planet candidates, 10 of which are near-Earth size and in the habitable zone of their star. Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech

Scientists have published a catalog of exoplanet discoveries made by NASAs Kepler space telescope, identifying 219 previously-unknown planet candidates circling stars elsewhere in the galaxy, including 10 would-be worlds that appear to be about the same size of Earth with temperatures potentially hospitable for life.

Culling data collected during the first four years of Keplers mission, researchers used computers to pick out and analyze signals from stars that could be have caused by nearby planets. Automated software identified the detections most likely to be real worlds, according to Susan Thompson, a Kepler research scientist at the SETI Institute and NASAs Ames Research Center who led the cataloging effort.

This is the last search that we performed, and we used our most improved techniques, and with that we found 4,034 candidates, which include 10 new terrestrial-sized candidates in the habitable zone of their star, Thompson said.

Follow-up observations have, so far, confirmed 2,335 of the more than 4,000 candidate worlds discovered by Kepler are real. The 10 new Earth-sized exoplanet candidates identified by Kepler scientists bring the missions total haul to 49 likely worlds about the same size as our home planet that could have the right temperature to harbor liquid water, Thompson said.

Thirty of the 49 Earth-sized planets have been verified.

This new result presented today has implications for understanding the frequency of different types of planets in our galaxy, and helps us to advance our knowledge of of how planets are formed, said Mario Perez, Kepler program scientist at NASA Headquarters.

The four years of data covered in the exoplanet catalog come from Keplers observations of around 200,000 stars in the constellation Cygnus. Using a 37-inch (95-centimeter) telescope and a unique wide-angle 95-megapixel camera, Kepler looked for subtle dips in the brightness of stars in a predetermined patch of sky beginning soon after its 2009 launch on a Delta 2 rocket.

The brightness fluctuations if they occur in regular patterns could be caused by a planet transiting in front of the star, blotting out a tiny fraction of its light. Sophisticated software written specifically for the Kepler mission was tasked with rooting out false positives that could be caused by starquakes or other natural phenomena.

Thompson said scientists injected simulated transits and measured how often Kepler and its data-crunching computers missed a planet. The catalog also accounted for noise in Keplers data archive that software could have mistaken for a planet.

That is how scientists arrived at the 4,034 planet candidates from Keplers four-year observing campaign in the constellation Cygnus. Subsequent detections from other telescopes, in space or on the ground, have verified 2,335 of them to date.

These are planets where there is no question at all that that signal is coming from an exoplanet, Thompson said.

In the case of the exoplanet candidates, there is still some room for doubt whether that signal is coming from a planet, she said. It still could be coming from other astrophysical signals.

Several of the newly-discovered planet candidates orbit G dwarf stars like our sun.Thompson singled out one exoplanet candidate named KOI-7711, which is about 1.3 times the size of Earth and orbits its star every 302 days.

She said KOI-7711 gets approximately the same amount of heat that we get from our own star.

However, theres a lot we dont know about this planet, and as a result, its hard to say whether its really an Earth twin, Thompson said Monday. We need to know more about its atmosphere, whether theres water on the planet.

Alien astronomers looking into our solar system through a distant telescope could be tricked into assuming more than one planet was hospitable to life.

I always like to remind people that it looks like there are three planets in our habitable zone Venus, Earth and Mars and Id only really want to live on one of them, Thompson said.

Keplers updated exoplanet listing will help astronomers estimate how common rocky, potentially habitable planets are in our galaxy.

For M dwarfs, which are small stars that make up 75 percent of the stars, in the galaxy, we know that one out of every four of them has a planet that is small and is in the habitable zone, said Courtney Dressing, a NASA Sagan Fellow at the California Institute of Technology.

Dressing said scientists still trying to determine the ubiquity of Earth-sized planets around sun-like stars, one of the chief goals of the Kepler mission. But the catalog released this week will arm scientists with better data to answer that question.

One thing thats important for us is are we alone? Perez said Monday. And maybe Kepler today has told us indirectly although we dont have confirmation that we are probably not alone.

Statistics from the Kepler planet catalog also suggest small planets fall into two families, said Benjamin Fulton, a doctoral candidate at the University of Hawaii in Manoa.

One grouping of planets ranges from smaller than Earth to less than twice the size of Earth, and another set of planets found by Kepler measure up to four times Earths diameter. There are relatively few worlds in between, Fulton said.

Most of the planets in the first group may be akin to the Earth with rocky surfaces and little to no atmospheres, Fulton said. Planets in the second group are probably more like cousins of Neptunes with thick atmospheres and no surface to speak of.

Astronomers turned to the W. M. Keck Observatory in Hawaii to measure the sizes of approximately 1,300 stars known to have planets. The data yielded better estimates of the planets dimensions.

Scientists believe the delineation between super-Earths and mini-Neptunes stems from the way the planets form. Some worlds suck in more hydrogen and helium, growing thick, deep atmospheres, while others develop comparatively thin atmospheres that can be blown away by stellar winds and heat.

This result has significant implications for the search for life, Fulton said. Approximately half of the planets that we know are so common have no solid surface, or a surface deep beneath the crushing weight of a thick atmosphere, and these would not be nice places to live.

Our result sharpens up the dividing line between potentially habitable planets, and those that are inhospitable to life as we know it, he said.

Keplers mission has been plagued by the failure of two of the observatorys four reaction wheels, spinning gyro-like mechanisms that kept the telescope steadily pointed at the missions star field in the constellation Cygnus.

With the loss of Keplers second reaction wheel in 2013, the telescope could no longer meet the missions original pointing requirements.

Engineers found a way to harness the pressure of photons of sunlight by positioning the spacecraft to prevent solar radiation from slowly pointing the telescope away from its astronomical targets. Although solar pressure exerts very low forces on spacecraft, the constant bombardment of solar photons can alter the orientation of satellites.

Controllers can eliminate the effects of solar pressure by balancing Kepler against the stream of sunlight, similar to balancing a pencil on a finger. The telescope cannot detect the faint signatures of planets without stable pointing.

Kepler orbits the sun at roughly the same distance as Earth. NASA calls telescopes current observing program the K2 mission.

Keeping Kepler balanced means it must be pointed in the ecliptic plane, or the plane where all the solar systems planets orbit the sun. The mitigation against solar pressure means Kepler can only look at a narrow band of stars, shifting its 100-square-degree field-of-view every two or three months to avoid pointing its sensitive camera at bright sunlight.

The new observing method means Kepler is now best-suited to finding exoplanets located very close to their host stars.

Kepler continues searching for planets, but officials expect it to run out of fuel some time next year.

The spacecraft has about 10 percent of its hydrazine fuel supply remaining, according to Jessie Dotson, the K2 missions project scientist at Ames.

We think the limiting factor is probably going to be the fuel, Dotson said.

NASAs next planet-hunting mission, the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite, is scheduled to launch from Cape Canaveral in March 2018 on a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket. TESS will survey the entire sky to look for exoplanet signatures around nearby, bright stars.

Email the author.

Follow Stephen Clark on Twitter: @StephenClark1.

Visit link:

Updated Kepler catalog contains 219 new exoplanet candidates - Spaceflight Now

Is human hibernation possible? Going to sleep for long duration … – Phys.Org

June 22, 2017 by Fraser Cain, Universe Today Credit: SpaceWork Enterprises, Inc

We've spent a few articles on Universe Today talking about just how difficult it's going to be to travel to other stars. Sending tiny unmanned probes across the vast gulfs between stars is still mostly science fiction. But to send humans on that journey? That's just a level of technology beyond comprehension.

For example, the nearest star is Proxima Centauri, located a mere 4.25 light years away. Just for comparison, the Voyager spacecraft, the most distant human objects ever built by humans, would need about 50,000 years to make that journey.

I don't know about you, but I don't anticipate living 50,000 years. No, we're going to want to make the journey more quickly. But the problem, of course, is that going more quickly requires more energy, new forms of propulsion we've only starting to dream up. And if you go too quickly, mere grains of dust floating through space become incredibly dangerous.

Based on our current technology, it's more likely that we're going to have to take our time getting to another star.

And if you're going to go the slower route, you've got a couple of options. Create a generational ship, so that successive generations of humans are born, live out their lives, and then die during the hundreds or even thousands of year long journey to another star.

Imagine you're one of the people destined to live and die, never reaching your destination. Especially when you look out your window and watch a warp ship zip past with all those happy tourists headed to Proxima Centauri, who were start enough to wait for warp drives to be invented.

No, you want to sleep for the journey to the nearest star, so that when you get there, it's like no time passed. And even if warp drive did get invented while you were asleep, you didn't have to see their smug tourist faces as they zipped past.

Is human hibernation possible? Can we do it long enough to survive a long-duration spaceflight journey and wake up again on the other side?

Before I get into this, we're just going to have to assume that we never merge with our robot overlords, upload ourselves into the singularity, and effortlessly travel through space with our cybernetic bodies.

For some reason, that whole singularity thing never worked out, or the robots went on strike and refused to do our space exploration for us any more. And so, the job of space travel fell to us, the fragile, 80-year lifespanned mammals. Exploring the worlds within the solar system and out to other stars, spreading humanity into the cosmos.

Come on, we know it'll totally be the robots. But that's not what the science fiction tells us, so let's dig into it.

The video will load shortly

We see animals, and especially mammals hibernating all the time in nature. In order to be able survive over a harsh winter, animals are capable of slowing their heart rate down to just a few beats a minute. They don't need to eat or drink, surviving on their fat stores for months at a time until food returns.

It's not just bears and rodents that can do it, by the way, there are actually a couple of primates, including the fat-tailed dwarf lemur from Madagascar. That's not too far away on the old family tree, so there might be hope for human hibernation after all.

In fact, medicine is already playing around with human hibernation to improve people's chances to survive heart attacks and strokes. The current state of this technology is really promising.

They use a technique called therapeutic hypothermia, which lowers the temperature of a person by a few degrees. They can use ice packs or coolers, and doctors have even tried pumping a cooled saline solution through the circulatory system. With the lowered temperature, a human's metabolism decreases and they fall unconscious into a torpor.

But the trick is to not make them so unconscious that they die. It's a fine line.

The results have been pretty amazing. People have been kept in this torpor state for up to 14 days, going through multiple cycles.

The therapeutic use of this torpor is still under research, and doctors are learning if it's helpful for people with heart attacks, strokes or even the progression of diseases like cancer. They're also trying to figure out if there are any downsides, but so far, there don't seem to be any long-term problems with putting someone in this torpor state.

A few years ago, SpaceWorks Enterprises delivered a report to NASA on how they could use this therapeutic hypothermia for long duration spaceflight within the solar system.

Currently, a trip to Mars takes about 6-9 months. And during that time, the human passengers are going to be using up precious air, water and food. But in this torpor state, SpaceWorks estimates that the crew will a reduction in their metabolic rate of 50 to 70 percent. Less metabolism, less resources needed. Less cargo that needs to be sent to Mars.

The astronauts wouldn't need to move around, so you could keep them nice and snug in little pods for the journey. And they wouldn't get into fights with each other, after six to nine months of nothing but day after day of spaceflight.

We know that weightlessness has a negative effect on the body, like loss of bone mass and atrophy of muscles. Normally astronauts exercise for hours every day to counteract the negative effects of the reduced gravity. But SpaceWorks thinks it would be more effective to just put the astronauts into a rotating module and let artificial gravity do the work of maintaining their conditioning.

They envision a module that's 4 metres high and 8 metres wide. If you spin the habitat at 20 revolutions per minute, you give the crew the equivalent of Earth gravity. Go at only 11.8 RPM and it'll feel like Mars gravity. Down to 7.8, and it's lunar gravity.

Normally, spinning that fast in a habitat that small would be extremely uncomfortable as the crew would experience different forces at different parts of their body. But remember, they'll be in a state of torpor, so they really won't care.

Current plans for sending colonists to Mars would require 40 ton habitats to support 6 people on the trip. But according to SpaceWorks, you could reduce the weight down to 15 tons if you just let them sleep their way through the journey. And the savings get even better with more astronauts.

The crew probably wouldn't all sleep for the entire journey. Instead, they'd sleep in shifts for a few weeks. Taking turns to wake up, check on the status of the spacecraft and crew before returning to their cryosleep caskets.

What's the status of this now? NASA funded stage 1 of the SpaceWorks proposal, and in July, 2016 NASA moved forward with Phase 2 of the project, which will further investigate this technique for Mars missions, and how it could be used even farther out in the solar system.

Elon Musk should be interested in seeing their designs for a 100-person module for sending colonists to Mars.

In addition, the European Space Agency has also been investigating human hibernation, and a possible way to enable long-duration spaceflight. They have plans to test out the technology on various non-hibernating mammals, like pigs. If their results are positive, we might see the Europeans pushing this technology forward.

Can we go further, putting people to sleep for decades and maybe even the centuries it would take to travel between the stars?

Right now, the answer is no. We don't have any technology at our disposal that could do this. We know that microbial life can be frozen for hundreds of years. Right now there are parts of Siberia unfreezing after centuries of permafrost, awakening ancient microbes, viruses, plants and even animals. But nothing on the scale of human beings.

When humans freeze, ice crystals form in our cells, rupturing them permanently. There is one line of research that offers some hope: cryogenics. This process replaces the fluids of the human body with an antifreeze agent which doesn't form the same destructive crystals.

Scientists have successfully frozen and then unfrozen 50-milliliters (almost a quarter cup) of tissue without any damage.

In the next few years, we'll probably see this technology expanded to preserving organs for transplant, and eventually entire bodies, and maybe even humans. Then this science fiction idea might actually turn into reality. We'll finally be able to sleep our way between the stars.

Explore further: 'Passengers' and the real-life science of deep space travel

From "Aliens" to "Interstellar," Hollywood has long used suspended animation to overcome the difficulties of deep space travel, but the once-fanciful sci-fi staple is becoming scientific fact.

Manned missions to deep space present numerous challenges. In addition to the sheer amount of food, water and air necessary to keep a crew alive for months (or years) at a time, there's also the question of keeping them busy ...

On cold, dark days it is tempting to imagine shutting yourself away until the warmer weather returns. Many animals do just that by entering a state known as torpor, which reduces their bodily functions to a minimum and uses ...

By studying hibernation, a Duke University team is providing a window into why humans sleep. Observations of a little-known primate called the fat-tailed dwarf lemur in captivity and the wild has revealed that it goes for ...

From astronauts breaking records for the longest amount of time spent in space to experiments growing food and keeping bacteria in orbit, the past decade of human spaceflight has been fascinating. There has also been an explosion ...

On Feb. 22, engineers successfully installed ESA's European Service Module Propulsion Qualification Module (PQM) at NASA's White Sands Test Facility in New Mexico that was delivered by Airbus ESA's prime contractor for ...

(Phys.org)A team of researchers form the U.S., Denmark and France has created a report regarding the creation and use of software meant to give exploratory robots in space more autonomy. In their paper published in the ...

An unknown, unseen "planetary mass object" may lurk in the outer reaches of our solar system, according to new research on the orbits of minor planets to be published in the Astronomical Journal. This object would be different ...

(Phys.org)A pair of space scientists working at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory at the California Institute of Technology has written a Focus piece for the journal Science Robotics. Steve Chien and Kiri Wagstaff suggest ...

For the first time in almost a century the United States is preparing for a coast-to-coast solar eclipse, a rare celestial event millions of Americans, with caution, will be able to observe.

A NASA-led and NASA-sponsored study of potential future missions to the mysterious "ice giant" planets Uranus and Neptune has been releasedthe first in a series of mission studies NASA will conduct in support of the next ...

Stars exploding as supernovae are the main sources of heavy chemical elements in the Universe. In particular, radioactive atomic nuclei are synthesized in the hot, innermost regions during the explosion and can thus serve ...

Adjust slider to filter visible comments by rank

Display comments: newest first

A medically induced coma isn't hibernation, the bodies biochemical process still take place at the same rate. All you are doing is suppressing - incompletely- the brain's ability to create memories from external stimuli. You will age at the same rate at best and at worst undergo significant physical degradation.

Talking to ex-critical care patients, in a previous role, it became clear that many of them experienced vivid dreams - actually nightmares - whilst in induced comas. This was primarily ascribed to the use of opioids as analgesics. Almost all patients given respiratory support for more than five days had to be weaned off of ventilators gradually as they were no-longer able to breathe independently due to muscle wastage.

So you could be put into a coma - but when you arrive you don't know who you are and why you're there (or be just an all-round vegetable).

In any case: when you get there it won't be different from living/dying in a ship. Because there's nowhere to live. You'll still need to be confined to the ship (or a similarly confined structure on any planet you land on). Might as well go for the generation-ship. Makes no difference.

What would be the point?

They won't be coming back. and communication with them would likely be impossible due to the immense distance and power requirements, reducing the amount of data transfered to something like a single photograph per year and even that takes 80 years to turn up.

That's why people need to go. The robots run for a time and then break down, whereas people can form colonies and build giant transmitters from local materials without the need of science-magic-grey-goo-nanobot stuff that's even less plausible than singularity or robot overlords.

Please sign in to add a comment. Registration is free, and takes less than a minute. Read more

See more here:

Is human hibernation possible? Going to sleep for long duration ... - Phys.Org

Our SpaceFlight Heritage: SpaceShipOne, Government Zero 13 years later – SpaceFlight Insider

Jason Rhian

June 21st, 2017

WhiteKnightOne and SpaceShipOne. Photo Credit: Lunar Clips

It was a heady time for the emerging NewSpace movement, California-based Scaled Compositeshad sent Mike Melvill in the privately produced SpaceShipOne on flight 15P up 62 miles (100 kilometers) into space.This set the stage for them to win the Ansari X-PRIZE and from there send the first touristson suborbital hops. Or, so they hoped. Thirteen years and four lives later, the follow-on vehicle, SpaceShipTwo, has yet to send a single tourist to sub-orbit.

Although initial indications suggested that SpaceShipOne and its successors would be ferrying tourists to the very edge of space, none have done so since the company won the Ansari X PRIZE on Oct. 4, 2004. Photo Credit: Scaled Composites

Flight 15Pwas followed by 16P, with Melvill once again at the helm, this time taking SpaceShipOne up to 64 miles (103 kilometers) on Sept. 29, 2004, and the 17P flight on Oct. 4, 2004. These last two flights were competitive and met the requirements under the Ansari X-PRIZE worth an estimated $10 million.

The Ansari X-PRIZE was instituted to jump-start commercial space efforts, and it appeared that Scaleds owner, aerospace maverick Burt Rutan, would show the world that private industry could do things more quickly, better, and less expensively than government operations.

With Scaled Composites closing in on the X-PRIZE, Sir Richard Branson, the founder of the Virgin franchise, entered into an agreement with the company to produce the successor aircraft and spacecraft WhiteKnightTwo and SpaceShipTwo.

However, since their initial successes, efforts to have well-heeled (a ticket on board the spacecraft costs an estimated $250,000) space tourists sent up into the black sky, to the very edge of space (sub-orbit), have stalled.

On July 26, 2007, three people were killed when a rocket engine explodedduring a test that was being developed for SpaceShipTwo. Knights Arrow, utilizing aCalifornia Public Information Act, obtained access to areport from the California Occupational Safety and Health Administration on the incident.

Inthe Knights Arrow report, several factors were suggested as contributing to the deaths ofTodd Ivens, Eric Blackwell, and Charles Glenn May. These included either a lack of due-diligence or,possibly, as the Knights Arrow article claims, a wilful disregard of the truth. Also, suggestions were made that the Nitrous Oxide (N2O) fuel was stable and benign. This may have led to the erroneous belief that viewers could watch the test from a relatively close distance, with nothing but a chain-link fence as protection.

Photo Credit: D. Ramey Logan

The ambient temperature that day was estimated to be about 105 F (40.5 C); however, the recorded ambient temperature at the nearbyMojave Airport peaked at 115 F (46 C). Also, there was a holding tank containing more than 10,000 pounds (4,536 kg) of N2O at 70 F (21 C) and pressurized to 360 psi (2,482 kPa).

After about three seconds into the test, therig exploded. According to the Knights Arrow report, many of the individuals present that day, as well as those responsible, were not interviewed.

Fast forward seven years to Oct. 31, 2014, and theVSS Enterprise (tail numberN339SS) SpaceShipTwo was conducting its fourth powered test flight when the co-pilot accidentally activated the spacecrafts feather system, which allows the spacecraft to return to Earth without the penalty of having a heavy heatshield.

The VSS Enterprise, the first of five planned spacecraft of this type, broke up killing the co-pilot Michael Alsburyand leaving the pilot Peter Siebold seriously injured.

The sign Melvill held aloft thirteen years ago read: SpaceShipOne, Government Zero. On this anniversary of those first exciting steps, one could say that the loss offour liveshas provided the producers of both SpaceShipOne and SpaceShipTwo with some humble experiences that have tempered their initial swagger.

The loss of thisconfidence, coupled with the accidents, has slowedthe rapid pace that Scaled Composites / Virgin Galactic / The Spaceship Company started out with (in July 2009, Bransontold the BBCthat the first paid flights should take place within 18 months that was roughly six years ago). Since that time, the date of when paying customersmight fly to space on SpaceShipTwo has slippedto the right several times, so much so that even Branson has stopped providing a date as to when this might occur.

###

Certain statements within this article are based on the views of the author and do not, necessarily, reflect those of SpaceFlight Insider.

Tagged: Sir Richard Branson SpaceShipOne SpaceShipOne Government Zero SpaceShipTwo The Range The Spaceship Company Virgin Galactic

Jason Rhian spent several years honing his skills with internships at NASA, the National Space Society and other organizations. He has provided content for outlets such as: Aviation Week & Space Technology, Space.com, The Mars Society and Universe Today.

Read the original post:

Our SpaceFlight Heritage: SpaceShipOne, Government Zero 13 years later - SpaceFlight Insider

Boeing reorganizing for more agile performance – SpaceFlight Insider

Bart Leahy

June 22nd, 2017

Boeing logo. Photo Credit: Paul J. Richards / AFP

Boeing is looking to make its operations leaner and more competitive by breaking up its Defense, Space & Security (BDS) unit into smaller business units reporting directly to BDS CEOLeanne Caret. Effective July 1, 2017, the unit will reorganize into several smaller divisions covering Autonomous Systems; Space and Missile Systems; Strike, Surveillance, and Mobility; and Vertical Lift.

Boeings structural changes will eliminate a layer of executive oversight, laying off approximately 50 executives. The changes are expected togive each of the organizations more autonomy and direct access to Caret, but also give her more direct oversight over their operations.

The smaller business units responsibilities will be broken out as follows:

The Development, Global Operations, and Phantom Works segments, which also report to Caret, will largely be unchanged.

We need to be an agile organization that is more responsive to customers needs and committed to continually improving productivity, Caret said. We are fundamentally addressing how we compete, win, and grow in Boeings second century.

It is uncertain, as yet, what impact this reorganization will have on Boeings involvement in ULA. However, the company already has two major reusable space systems under development: the X-37B for the U.S. Air Force and the XS-1 reusable winged launcher for DARPA.

Tagged: Boeing Defense Space & Security The Range

Bart Leahy is a freelance technical writer living in Orlando, Florida. Leahy's diverse career has included work for The Walt Disney Company, NASA, the Department of Defense, Nissan, a number of commercial space companies, small businesses, nonprofits, as well as the Science Cheerleaders.

See original here:

Boeing reorganizing for more agile performance - SpaceFlight Insider

Former astronaut Rick Mastracchio joins Orbital ATK – SpaceFlight Insider

Christopher Paul

June 22nd, 2017

Rick Mastracchio hovers above the cupola window in the Tranquility module of the International Space Station during his STS-131 mission in 2010. He recently retired from NASA and joined Orbital ATKs Commercial Resupply Services program. Photo Credit: NASA

Orbital ATK has hired former NASA astronaut Rick Mastracchio as its new senior director of operations for the Commercial Resupply Services (CRS) program. The company made theannouncement via aJune 19, 2017, press release welcoming the three-time Space Shuttle astronaut to its Space Systems Group team.

Orbital ATK is one of two companies working with NASA to regularly resupply the International Space Station with consumables and experiments. Using the Cygnus spacecraft, the Dulles, Virginia-based company has been sending cargo to the outpost since 2013.

Rick Mastracchio takes an EVA selfie during a spacewalk in April 2014. Photo Credit: NASA

Mastracchio, who retired from NASA on June 16, 2017, will be responsible for managing Orbital ATKs mission and cargo operations teams. Additionally, he will be support the companys other interests in human spaceflight, according to the release, including pursuits beyond low-Earth orbit.

We are thrilled to welcome Rick Mastracchio to Orbital ATK, said Frank DeMauro, vice president and general manager of Orbital ATKs Advanced Programs Division. With his experience as an astronaut and his time spent on the International Space Station, Rick brings a unique understanding of human space flight, making him an invaluable resource for our human space flight endeavors.

Mastracchio started out at NASA as a member of the Flight Crew Operations Directorate in 1990. Before working for NASA directly, he worked for Rockwell at Johnson Space Center beginning in 1987.

As a member of the Flight Crew Operations Directorate, Mastracchio worked on the Space Shuttles avionics software, as well as planning ascent and abort procedures.Joining the staff of NASAs Mission Control in 1993, he served as an ascent/entry Guidance Procedures Officer, supporting 17 missions as a flight controller.

Mastracchio was selected as an astronaut candidate in 1996 and began training in August of that year.His first flight was on STS-106 as a mission specialist aboard Space Shuttle Atlantis. He flew again on STS-118 aboard Endeavour, and finally on STS-131 aboard Discovery. All three missions served as assembly and resupply missions to the ISS.

In 2013, Mastracchio flew to the outpostaboard a Russian Soyuz spacecraft and served as a member of Expeditions 38 and 39. It was during this mission that the first Cygnus under the CRS contract, the Orb-1 mission, arrived at the outpost.

In total, Mastracchio has spent 228 days in space across his four spaceflights. During that time, he went on nine spacewalks totaling just over 53 hours.

After his last trip into space, he continued working for NASA as a designer for the cockpit on the Orion spacecraft, building on his experience helping the space agency upgrade the Shuttles cockpit in 2003.

Rick is a classmate and a friend and he has done great work for NASA, both in space and on the ground, said Chief Astronaut Pat Forrester, who was selected as an astronaut in the same class as Mastracchio. His breadth of experience over three decades in human spaceflight will serve him well as he moves on to his next endeavor.

Tagged: Commercial Resupply Services Cygnus NASA Orbital ATK Rick Mastracchio The Range

Christopher Paul has had a lifelong interest in spaceflight. He began writing about his interest in the Florida Tech Crimson. His primary areas of interest are in historical space systems and present and past planetary exploration missions. He lives in Kissimmee, Florida, and also enjoys cooking and photography. Paul saw his first Space Shuttle launch in 2005 when he moved to central Florida to attend classes at the Florida Institute of Technology, studying space science, and has closely followed the space program since. Paul is especially interested in the renewed effort to land crewed missions on the Moon and to establish a permanent human presence there. He has covered several launches from NASA's Kennedy Space Center and Cape Canaveral for space blogs before joining SpaceFlight Insider in mid-2017.

View original post here:

Former astronaut Rick Mastracchio joins Orbital ATK - SpaceFlight Insider

ZenCash’s Robert Viglione Talks Borderless Cryptocurrency and More – Finance Magnates

Robert Viglione is the co-founder of Zen, a blockchain-based private borderless decentralized platform for communications andtransactions. The technologyisdesigned to support very high data survivability even in adversarial environments. It was inspired by Bitcoin, Dash and Zcash.

The London Summit 2017 is coming, get involved!

Yesterday Viglione talked with Finance Magnates about the state of cryptocurrency adoption in different regions around the world such as Venezuela and Africa, how fast the technology could take over digital finance, the response in academia to his interest and even the possibility of new micro-nations being crowdfunded with an ICO.

The interview was broadcast live and a video recording is available here:

In addition to co-founding ZenCash and being part of its core team, Robert Viglione is a PhD candidate in finance at the University of South Carolina, doing research on crypto-finance, asset pricing, and innovation. Heteaches Intro to Investments and Bitcoin & Blockchain Applications in Finance and runs the university crypto-club.

His other crypto industry experience includes being part of the core team for ZClassic, Head of U.S. & Canada Ambassadors for BlockPay, and consultant to BitGate, a Norwegian exchange. He has written for CoinDesk and Bitcoin.com.Viglione says that one of the most fun projects he isworking on at the moment is helping with the development of the blockchain strategy for the Seasteading Institute aPeter Thiel backed venture tocreate permanent settlements at sea outside the control ofany government.

Robert is also a former physicist, mercenary mathematician, and military officer with experience in satellite radar, space launch vehicles, and combat support intelligence.

See the rest here:

ZenCash's Robert Viglione Talks Borderless Cryptocurrency and More - Finance Magnates

Planets come in different species – The Economist

kwF. rg&QU^8=I_(PH|H+oGK]w?tl}Odz}z.Y=4u]?|#}-&'GO>iO>6',g-6-N6N`)imV?7sNx=YY}5ufP8jfU~r>Oj.O'Vl~d)'^d|(z{x!9]^>]q0I'<|*^M[le>4UylY?KMVz^tgYvWO/_=_6x08kDse-O{Nr*Oia--o|<|Nbp_eu}4u?znRnbk*;i_I=,=}hMi]em,kOj<;{obfr6:?>B-[@{IoG_||/CAFiz0yf0'*^g$mOWx.|LN'fO=GG l[zd^(s&x>1I |''5RFu4}~wKs!OO&'df=|o:FXNhP?Yg%o"^:S[`ik2Y=u)$CYt<;_|:5=,Jcii-kSh>|v<:7wY8vn);m1.l:i$&-eYPIzXXS]VoivXdlfZM`#|R_; o/QZ&}sw8=HNXAelmSO-w[WnLMy9<;t5,?Yqx`uY6xF:-i^AzPh gm|s=[-qSUTddI>lj^Ca76M[3Nm;-&M:??`rkWL"msO>L0 vGVF:JOI!3Mask=f>8fZNz `rIm-+;- sOF'HVd]>9f|rn+RqmrUjB].5<167m]LN8{X~u=YyTL,'85h[U"*Nj~>2mu0c/.N"/ tT8:}w2^{gh;:8p[LNDXOVD8|^XMH&QM#.[-l{g(2/1y'cmo-t?pHyE;{8_lD7"QbW?:G ^v6e!Ou_|jvz/}FDYW<"W_|2yex__*@x`~8'k}&NZ.Z%ar_gV>u.o95eR|j,mdMvm"O")SX+|G{gi;LyddgK|k:9=M51KO0z_}h;JbP[%3j8_b18l2QcRhgD!3Hv_`CR5&6] 3rn? [.l{F^Y7e/fN'{z{Il>99Za6 CR,?*G=#M^A:@]"k}4$ $}|<{ba3y0 a4AlzsfRH!My;Ow]]TE/?cQ]La"O^})5z ({?Y/Ig&obK$cI#+#(?3O""/?o3Zl~|:;hk73/-?CZsD}O&#?q{rC>>A/8MN "S]+ x~2I/k u" R*/^hR=XYp]LyR2cyW&>WuvGWo81.{|yqt>/?2;z__qs?z?}~}_6~,>5Ho_.'o/7_yqmWo.~~mOv>=pG/~!~~o?o?|_4xi-}f?9&YN}/^4/?/Of|{YO?vyoyoorW_wwq|//[7?Wro{+I(u}o7/~l|mk5|oJ9nmoxY6kqS|6t{eX7?=3fGh>,x8;rz-3yLYFqr>Gna.U'tE;9! R49_/=z>]vUY^s`qNcsEuc6 d-5{5O:_[ {hjB&q~j1?E>1FVkg pSdm.7U<=6S#@Gs]=WOs5V]x1#7uT 'z[378XA4bor,h-w97l} ^qp|Db866;X$|t6f 1"._ @+%c|pUT_S9gFY8rMXlWuAH 8Ru,:gG83 @Ecl8>FMeFv[1*;>*.:*>o?IiQ0 entr/WqcON(&7hb)* 'md6lFP:^o#5;svcMX>=;[Z<:r}(eh^_%F!n0I^F>L5'YA,=?%f"7jC?NN6lvWx+)m/fw;BtXBa> 2fLylG4t']5-nOQKwdq{~CC46q3t5*'wWz3go.|3Bqot+IW!X/vN{ec#qQ ~q?* _^'1x}Eh9H9xWvi|u69>8?; (P6d'xEAkv  & WA;u[nnLxk>0~$#Xx%;n0}}e<6NT=>S2=|/ HL,8U+F5K:5JG{Ev# 0{{cp7a8|7~8hic 2(X2L#8V<~"z2YHB{7VY9{{&-oT|MH0n'SC/$]pv+Fl=530l4;mBMod5&|~H;>nvM3G m.%SO36$UeRFm+4LtS[>_x9wICA:&nh6 wfPxbo;Mrm&-m%I{)#:FfXo_C/*P1+@K!V7:YRr/KdZb/Tm"%Ng&KF!Q_sahSH/| -cYF2bI8(7_rjh$),Gfo<&"vL>o[O5uyqcoevE']nj>gv1)].SW/!m92yvQgQ6W64!3S{:HD~?f]P;}!rQ>z>wlWC.zG~v/+^f~2x9#+^{nW~2:Vl`F-DVP~I~O?EdR'u_-,.LbeRFRU6b~&v~ds2r;o&S;[{^}lop!7{w~,of$Y/}vg2I.81/LW?V7R][#V*tJ.GzY~l|5sy,.I"Yy #Fq?yVD -qI"woR~_; p/{(' k |kWV^1k/b>m?1'S?}gU%?C^/Lc}cR'>}b::>a^*+>/}b:mR6u5W[>kxjSY.%+e^_lg|"tqMQP6;njb$"w/;5bcayuvz_]dAQZMwH.pXdd!5E(d>];eu>y$ ty4Oo27&T2)dn?QJF+[QvP#VxT? Ujs 2I/0+Gk*nR&Kg{pEFZnM,wu]Jb#t.hrwH^vOVP/F%kTp%JI3B9Kir*'pAHv!F@kDV[g|0['0& u:f2cdgZIVcz,l`_0>P)])r`k2 F5U%e $6J"H.6#V" `B9B.&s_pO8vVf"tc9ZG#`ad1iVWJJ  @!m]4.XS "v),_gt^|`^J9GLrhg"C!RCiR.s;:EG_lLy3Wz^x84~'|$VTW'7Qu-{@R>tjmZc5b2ZP$8 RYU jN"5YRj?rHRzFj`ycQ"dC5/0Gq.EdXLXB~JHaEG$ajsP~]vx_teTul;+k|`jj Xp6=vZsU^ FGFWAN_C<&y/;]C,22RUmQXG25)m,_Md"U]|[<_(5E20bDq&(/=M!5 s]i<rK@bC#zPx7TFEb%d]^:@9AmBX `0*P)@lB|E}`,NjC=V^`%,W5p1BL|FJ,ra1-H( PhaTDF3$"$E95 )=kE[c>tdP@gQf#9GPe.QL]`XY }*cX-Y0U]tf:y&0 U ,uekPE:w%d(5IlElv0 Z&SfzYb@mJm~_O6Vh]lxP%K(eUjj-5udU4Pl@"Q faB@;$P^4c+u6dU!O0_(2xZ&<{%L/W0;V|Ux-A5P6IajxF=5fzM$Gc, H&2|[!!'UdkcQyxfVc 18!62ZYlIS*`BK-cg/~3 Xq0,at+IUl]TUTgdB%3{-FAv'qQTW Z8FPZ AttlI SP[iE,0qa3C^JKy|Y/k49kAt8@dgsQdO+5r4b5J=Ki HArQx8P#d2.t]z|kf,7A< 'Z|,},Bz5mE dbdN3B`mp&kNUepb)InXuW4K| g(RK[r0[U;Z5%%7P_E**.[Z(xIB7+k-HO9axzX>&p-mO9]g(e)(dKf!Rc[M1 8cV<@D*hBlV!HMG 49Iy/Ee11Aa19UJd,h dY6Z; foptjK;lvSC%as65_pih=1SHFnN+4J@VyU)]Tx$[SPJYy9(Rw9q`e2wf;AaVwC0&^.'XZwprx [g!0U{hW:i{jxXw{=pB7BP&t9,D|@$jy&y~u]#o1{/5-^za"wKxURUg:4PC)2+e2`fp2Mh}JINM.Xo@c$NqA/08@U Ch,]^A^=mLc# c`iAN|W UZu"5,r_j!H 4wrw9+||[/Ed^a5,yDiarbC[FNh$YFdKCXaKP-d$tdgX[CF8b{2F28 :g8gqw!B4MsVNWT17FZ1=3e{Vw{Vw{V$X7fbj`+ 7yugDuS5pVQLPuVRl5gVgK^^b+20tK[u ty0_GpF3CTR,n(k-5eHF0@F9GV#tfju 4*|=V# "yXM FEBUaF -(40Um$a 's{dw@ HJtKw6gx1 _QS'5}c!]rayAh8M)hx5&E3D{Xc:PwDJDcL:@ B &v.Fe$ {SX:bP)z L d#OM56z:J&)7Zh

S$N`RR}#mGL@ rW:5U0!98`wxI R7|z"7CqBX8p1 S^J8/x__}W}'xq%f|ggC]{gWn/&l)<|s Ei&KS,zd;j[w7Q_MD*?(W;X7]1d[`2 {u@RCb`D%Y!Mb6 7."Ohm = R /emZQ&bzQmmUO rqtt#} ixla00D=Y<{^jgis/: [U=m]:Mr=c<"Qa-s._`g%`EgYj3i#Zg*N!fR^x3N7ne 35?MY ^(/iapYLB O7{L!:r:d91>,L'L?|Jt} GyPV<5)$(4UV!NLnM`=_1g0SDT%4KA*3e@4<-41,f(ZgEle3;b&B2pGNhcB p1C1,BCDgb][1Y!jx(B."xFLaq>xlnVQ~2 006C3l&-=ik($Zg /03(xp} G, eqK|lV,D?`*7-H"1e$Sw"ddUGES"T7as)G1< mIM 3BX3 ^#L5 }%P-.nPfr~o*q_hT*WL"z0!Xq,3.Sw^ck$u1axg:C3SP@[P-MT-*9BV}AqFT6:p}(_9~>eA@vY.k|*aB3ylzef!vA(9 ic$pS4-SH 8!9LB=/yUKU![,~p1 T(W:L0$XS ?ts.VTS'[8KAX^#2a [:fU8w8V{LwEloX ~C+eV:sF8Vts~)ilVtM8e#b,7GIW%y.uZ!fZC*/dHU+Bgafi6Y.#jJpuNw-S7O0yXSs:OmmB(%$ieA X!WB=)H7oz"d S)Ag^'~u$A[F"[^D'nU3 nypd_Pk%tJ=,s5xmasNQ".58TH 7U3 EQijXpr}r@Wzo [wjuiH!9,uhz HkKE7dWvMCRj`4kpaOahYEgU9 02:V]a `LNPF}vrnc<`".)( *yDNGUVEI_(2vSc,o*hx@>9d{,CA4xSZaO ahVs:7"/9 ,X9]W2PE6&c=~U0]6K4y LJ" q&"io*L0 &) ._VPY%Ub_:S5$YO04 HY%H`H3D^ssJtJN<3?(`XA Q5AI;TiH VgzD=Pjmt<%iWvb*GMGB@3_s)US}y,R4"LT.:TLKRb6XEf#!G(-Q>ItC--9>jmjNwLx%@#(QX(w9hAl1>&M-FNIBCxQ6zZ/W*"5>VbbZqjQ`+V;UTS6WZ7T;YeN3vDGeINaGn/T;p{Kr%XX.5Cm /kpPXfky&75W*#K2'YoTCeT}]ISw1dR6A}1+ZO~,!&]Py 4L7#K$yt J"$7SD:c,9KxW0)BWAe`q&p.. #*zZ;J~x`EV&~Y9,r4R UyCP_&^M[1#NKt4xH^Hz;Y!QMOTYllS2nzFR@2l)HU*n:cm"zQQBsjp $[LDf1u3Ou&:I#Dh@}AzL*;(no6sM6 gTSAM @gKB(bq'2xc;9*&">:8WbGnM! CAH.C~$|OpVFtv>y@[4Dl=BVLrci#yFz[kpB^>)IArFa96mw' / {ER]sFsN1X0LC FB0-DU6@uTP 1 /6C"_y[l_AginPDYtK LT's{a9f/G>*ml{2:uZ,dkF~:7Q*Vc"#I6dZu8r;!!08W;)`l,d.&E#!y/]4H?7 _QFE'*=_C)=%@W@U:b[UGSb[8##;WJ'l+^zsG2P 0L*3w27;z9,a6,e"pce4i6Zn{IyK4 Ic3"U*`luIFQCk[]7gVY.dzQ<"A"$+!5+_1UOkD8!3DCc#MEQT""gD&.PHr,akhb>H8QEoV"@]1M)DC!D0*4c{ZM@!m#@kI*&2'?92)TS# ;hj<&uPs4I(_X"Dr}N5p>a`@z5jnd35Gg(P[4%p*DQb,B2uGeLye*Qd50J5mj) 6%jxb78->9bG,[t A;?0kD:5DHY)%1oFdV/A9Sj XW:ikCaMx]QcwjTmPDp*{uDO!6` 8O" K) g!l,#)!x bOsh^hWe8H8SiM8kj1rwcPjrH&T5# rJ@!wA7s6%!g6@a+FZUZ]=u cv*42qB%f`s%m+SA4bTT/vXKa9f+5--)F0p<{lL!lM"&`!3VAOm0QZE!riR`KCdvRrk(`Z&!L]4 x Ej%/QqeB 4q&?Cp%Om; 9x6+pe$IFELf"'!*;5u%X$,ygzBYS*. $7uUIJ8r6^29>W=2sZxBI-Bg pJXm#rdw o.2bl->f7(ps5t_/)|$kS!<_wT`"Yh,fz(Lfe!eXAP1"2OI2SBfwbtPg! IE/Ew_e1DO7Xk,mPMQ r?j}"(r4.!K54DpXp %`{Z/JprDF{KrA n/N's00"l+/E2ai M)"0*C5-u 9cS6q"i !eH PRb1,""H"C^rv&Vzr=TvhU-sI[uf`4bJ+]S7"V{s9wzN"UGZo]EEK3wab^}WPh/5(y* *'d$mA:H}WSq*<"< NMe!FLLI5Uj4s]7LW75K^5tCTWaZ28BwBFK,*r.'C(iNLML.1"asR.rE>FyFz1nDiHhbI Y+FJ-L*"1.A~i2 )pvfcuC;HNijP>-jj2:bbL"J8M`DrUjLEb13]fI2FZg<48Z2eFm7m Cd.YZ/3:JhK6>!ErAp7"-*#:xfVN(iy[npd> qV;HY4R;'nt}IbL`T"CL HO",tTu0}WNN1)TK`4@VJ "(a8Cf(jpRu3%Ni"o<[a_"Q.VE@%kEjW`V$E<[ 7YT|1>F1j)"[".sUHOL6u9+jW]}]Ea|r~#9JVHuVqeS_#X (LU j|L5{v @fg5`m)zlgOTn a3 hPR*QY4Eb?0EMj<]Pyp&.`1Zc$O8Uq QAp ! K]B$h/%3Nxutb:"[PVcPmg)}])dIu{!",J+[RP3!qJ} y(LahY2T9ZXQr,4p >St5X/*)W1=~EfM0Um>U+"A-B f@yYk8S|o 68i.p V#n#9q92Y>';2j)6XV#3ZW;5W8h5Py59]$@AEAH$f!TlC C*.=!nV:<(ATLi) w` 5W2T*Dol0Mk9ISG(A S5ejlVi_DzD*0W|,R}?"5*AcqTP+4OdtF3(U5+TWGiXx$3OUX+_dLo@}$nbL2C{dq>F]B@D/%L4)"8n96tTDT& ,hFWC1E2fk46;nf;ot X:ntB(oYxL>)0M@DplZ8ut]547w5!EAiD%CJQ9njpRJqY;]u/awjW^9 8'7=*i1`)]I?1 TR)4>,tjs"h$ K6Fabf1S"$%[^xU%Ry,UT9rf69#(v[GzX}'qW,8D`IR#rZmp.6Q%D|bI HS#M/G}X3w$EClju.kjpJml B&&+Gm'`,b@:&N{#J;_dR+"[5cS*Q9DkHJ3s)b0j$&(~4H2[o-&AJAD'fTTggFyF4i_9, *|19 "|*ekmx .XWJmUsa !3BVD:O]8w/' g4]&PE i<-G";Ml2T&MP^pEwd z[;ECwbJ_XX8g"6p0Z2<":A7e,1:xG;O[;K04RVt4 Z8L;&(s**X:TUih$+OZm*jbJM*mEoE4H=[K60f[iW/gqYg.vge`sE_'JgJ)#'mWF,|Ac$ ~YqA#cO$jFndbe9Ahv)nG=b5 @uht?-FZ|N@DHnn9JuUt`=b]{0x|i!xh>Y|$= QH8#K _l$Gxo>sUXsZwVa<&]0X2l4zbgC;hv`f"wmz_;-Y8U$ cEoA 9Sw;f5S6jvN6Wrgpf4Fv3 `KQXGq}RcwWq`}(R&P|->%;,5~pgc(>'$@y"Fw>VL_FFi"9r0:3RtD5s7l6iObV)`e3@NqSh<-F722Jsg!.%U)3VF'H8sFYu|DBm@!-`{6C9wrx8DjH$Kh_Aa9LRai6qd%:}DsLwz6c5=5Tiz$> bZ/M/zoW|B_4i) ihDgz U(FDM+^xj>-1& ThD< HJ41&-J=B4%ngH1-D@?:(v2YZaT :&1g>0 4:sq$y5.,G0^n 1-/U27P. -Q+OV(fHM8N}Ki>R[xNdYyXPHM+)~hHddHUiSCL6DW2,bjcg> YwVT*7|&}R7|Ro7wW^"r;;%BG3y:g~gS|y1_-2V~]O2$~/d/B QBFONG:_(U|'^MD(M52%R""h6cStxjNdl,>Tv * .n %QUt_`O,;{\rgPoh&o;KpY^Lw}R+ bx#s$(j%s%@GQIR~%hsv;21U`DNvT 0x'^zD=>3um~S$z;SE$V:}#-foxf4^>$b!s{r2]8<#rR4"_ ;S2LY>BYoym[oJ X(~Sog=^V .4#S0ua9>F8l>$]Dc]7/EUA8Sx)iVguR>s)p.2Y~SzOYR,*zX^fp-xZoLNx{q~8!M>FN@69HIlp}yqB^Oz&$mr9p}#(G5xaI<4v0=HAvu.|pa[iBD?KH: afN|psM:Ao9#'4r FWUm =L`Ur#K t$.6>kIR4=g]N^bO+*S|Cd61RY^W@#JrU#XNl95?okJI}s!AvC/v@r9hY@D.Z9[,z >Z&J8 NW q@AGXZ|zaoLG.0m:F"o9`Qa|]hWI8>!T,O0B"`,j|8Jq+%ISmn/1BBBy/ffffj6o)8|h~='@vn]eSiIY&rPghU>T>0 pQF 3``c~S@2Z< ESL{`LuQ:;1f qv]CP30vHX~ }Y=]W76q.l2fY^wRv9v-jTa "oQW+Br4lG6o -ZDek@P5b+;.~{qTh~f!'R,1elS86I8tBsT+x D01G x$>b(/`lzJu4OvUw#Y3A}IxK;UkR0%u_=xn|nmW|HaVq48!-fn&5Z0i0>!%qQ.. 9fex&%crQ*@SF kMCU$ FRfZ-F_:1!35WNzlKA g?`"rCWJEj ./muI0c1flAyuKN\ 44T=:r4RGZ`- Rl;cvjVdDK9'pc)!A[sAZ_!hE:WsCXIkJdlWk5N$MKMVlJH @PPX'9aeD |4ozAJ8 @rL/GJ-/H'3v](V3qK"f(ZSxbXj,OHInuT+(L'}#+@rA5>h%aR1j2' bj?,C,%P({y q;6U .^dK(X HZmb 5,x*uDVj#{n`` fb4F,5x! 3ZG9-bX,YB,w)r,9X?G3jfM;q{4cw4 M$Z?eSK!)AGG6G G6#Ol7L.'u A `fF8JIxR|5t&NTIV>"I @4FkBUu9F(A|2%e>Ws|2/(]A' qNsF:QB}<.y"F"ViJCThbN4BUWR]DZQp|WyN~ij 5WbWmuH!E hb1z,mk5F+#R)gESK.9/"nO!MJ2JF '-Q"u# w +#a*)'?i>UE'lIG$-2`ti3" 0iK%9x {KE8I8L4[A,0fWJ!TmIjI@+pUvOp_4)X*rDP^ee'e?f]<_1BuKlVF2K0+c@IER%j[n*"hgB+J}-#32>Q8NZ:_F'^)K*+:I*nkY+0!-G4 3uO^p&wE2 aW:9I*v/q~7E*P9e"RyPS-7ZG@ Bkfx@wMyPh8OJPp J#6SC%:d`:Bw*y*V`Q(Za70+HJ{`p9 a G.TKbJ$u;LXrPr(9LM9GynUz6@eX7'KS%b'BR%*qbvp_|1exZ53AX*h,+j,R888L~LKT9-hE]aVa 3{ANEkXb,#.-;9^QccVkT~fZb<3zpjMeed;lf)pr c@35z8 D-Q0ICo,x Tsz$VOJHcZkk8Ua @cfv6Qt!WgzdF~fWh=S b7FZ$>Qb%Q7>R5q*VL}++DOeiBVzj24w)|bX49+!)> L)tFGl8Y2 '>r ")l d)Q()5"49Mt!oX+'_j8U?;c`3 j<++h(jNiXrdTaETMdYv%*UZB4ka 4sJg.JN)|h%9e=1Z2`&altVR]i7RiN$,4tx)TAT1 0e`3#BfRRj.o,.O6M}13d6dnK?P>[1c-Wcc 11(@3WdX bWr`YuS qd!Bq*8MNbh"`Xav e.(AU)9RbR !_NEEnN!``.ME+u`A~,a9h9fJTtnn{x"GExT^lb-h|rA#;B@.)aL`b:'p@`-GzA/>d)wb~, d]~jkhvL5ibV%9lIL3:NxE8T5Cj"FKwRZi17ihj i=u71hhLUAx]'At"Q{nB_q"S_Pj'7Kz 93g,3,MdPCiY"B1zkVrL9tpI ZQZ4{iVJL ,?VM4K$RQ2kqFs"0q kZ.h /Q*). ta4M>n,(mc7/ wq3@X:^|t+3jg|%._"RRB+dL@}H.6xPIU2/mbgsty( I^LY@,++7>Hs)bpb GRVB`Jvd_MR.U !b0sDed1A 0HIb%r$u<86V3 Afx YHDL_401^G$LN@X$L?(Us-(1J !iv!S?S.; ~ M X45JT+4IbdhFF`rE$R#R_2_ hQfcT y[CR6 fYP@*XL 4*hSTl|X;3<+2>tOK5j4Voy+:^yT ,HO;U[;:oc/ItJo/t{I}Y#>IZW=cIs W[HlObg wm N[ut|8<;8]|p/t,b R?h6]>Lzyx0?H7l&ZvN{Lp4l Z/2JNC{g~gvbA y]MaN.<{jO's^,_torx~{-[:k_,g?[g^nKss [[[;%JZIWf/w^,N;~q?8<"wyAj|<];#=8xmr~S~w1c.}l8t/K{{a ;yt/Zb3N2mM_QM.B_^yTM0RvlwTWx{K{b){1yg "z$YI|usl|yv*{C?`.I&,o{kOH|cCw&$7uM/6J|rsDUp;|nwe<<a</m?_s|(~|d9F^>m>R~xw?mi73r=?WcM~{s?o&/^>ZG9z,kd5}u1]b^e}]7 9H}1}{}vn~1vd_S{;>9c2'|/|cn_gTw;:f?n_:ysqvt:g~A_c<83s?{ZkikPc/J }I{ugXtY{#t^z{{wue;_Yq3?R|!9c}.4S]Zlih^{gh%S>xg83sB{nx~y=IZq/B?/eiW=ovJ87^R6'KJ;I[~AA:3y7we'sCy2mzq7=pzZ=oSq?}s+4[}Y5c^p=nLOi C@?az)3g{k}=?DTdB|{G/=KC3rS+EGO~+]k%hKASJ t,cE$6:yw#iFyv;K9L a)tgX:yt/x*XUSskHx/r!z3a~Tn;"TvRWe<2r.?y594zct7^SOL'7{O;4%tadvcKOi!sO:4ii_@n&?Nwuur'OAzuLwVg(zKvstk+K<"_y):Kqvy?u)S} ]<]8^~pzKg;YPPg~r*e[cr|Ytd'CB}EFYzg_y@G}Gt>_8 eGov>$:wOQ{{=Tfm>{/zw`cJ=9/8z2?rz<_s7j[y: tG99'jroo 6nfJW&UEro'Zo/g ~9(OGGE7d!72A3$>=X"C7`#pAh(0>]Wrq#Y=xX~Qs:G72x'q+(a|8cM;S%J"yH g?]_L:YwsOuQo.GALdq}x[&/:qe2ff L{fzJvs;K)O8 S{c%Lxix9F#go,/CwC:{W6{~Y!`{)?~/u[d"_?+@-V.FajGQjqp`q;THHO&N C4?^^ 4J!x4:Q;a`a6>/2D_ugGtbBnmF_d=-V2i_L_/'tsVe>ZNf<~}~nH}B^eW[rpe62a#SIAs58ff-_D~LhF0`cH .1x ws-&}W)5;KA;c;'oo@):f2Io" ?]Q7*lqVeZ4zy08lg+uso<_OIfhS)xhtPZ`c&)~!$*F@2)P%, xa`=({XX;40U%w[z_j$$E`|_y5@WC$_S#XA' Oj:hKq/Z/GZp9Du9y@~HtL;r7iu)v9t;`Y <<^;8%"S#a.?sF>r&0V!8dw~s{i_>T/WoTr'[Rc,A&;+V/t^ t,,0V#K ^0n#4eWt>NGA7m5z0]XXA|F' 7& 4[N$sn?m15MVXijMxDmO1Y6?WHgVt,(b,76%oS 5zk&Pk $ 0d3Aq" [d36mUJ*^VWS?;cX3.uAS (I2#|t>dbF,^OqR%O3ws*VNU%9)5JljfVEsQoVRy)A"%/._x.A}=';Pf3q1:f+~/*+8mg{'t*SyNfM7*[Yj# cu)'NJh MV,|(4jZ*dub(JCeI2,nM6-?i^AsRm.juJRmLj'@.p9;3tWvO[RK>%!j?qXMGNq{W;KXRbj^yS$SrF9r[.*Q2(}dY89 K66zw<-6dXk{H^&W%':/lfhu~1JnMS]OV/BN`t~w-m~J4XRspPMQsZN'snL{sXkTW*.l:%)W =ULnn<:?8flGL'>mVXI9$7*(s:Irk|!TmL-ubJc|9)0*dmEG9FeFzb9E=^V+s[);V+;4DtEf;Kjtd^D#rwbi_u+luj/pX{%6*UY#^8EiTB*U|uJ+%|rM-e_,J5s=|5vsNeqWI5$U.c^ PodnMqNeVKm8Y)fB>RZRe) IDhA =QD0=oVpV2mnzd^?e"2/N3u$ &0Nc(zN:T6 y&FJ"91)/.~RnO,s_E<_.z*Z~#NfM)iIeEkY ZPvI<'diNJ2Fa,l[jPge&R'@'7{z8y5GSh/ey`hS4KFiZT=fR^U.e1>fakc8H1IDnlVOyX<^kADvI%t re]j*TQT]~%&[UeT.Es`r]1V7me'5'89Nk!f6KTgtB1hN2#oOMF4NFaHVz;Wkt*@8.kEnUR|8}:hQ2B.ddvi;"mQjU1 ;.N/c6*3#iERl9)V_H"!{Tt,5{CJN,n+QWY.:R^wt=~>g]y,La[qg6CoOE=[|%%f_&&7'DVWs5a|9TWI}Fe4I!lGMr w]r.D!B%Ulj}=$ -k%6T.[S[<;^/ue}hO!j5x=>nlrI~JU4bUt+&]N 8E O`~WJu-vtM8P[fLQUd7gS!:G):R],nT:1Lte-zI|R9[c%K6Gr9Wr{ H8|8KtRuz! zlYXlr^, rkGLq5NB")i l:N4WRm)7UVo8bR]Xv"qm''T*as*?w>5;-' b"J_L>g.1bD'an|+4,BR ^kjrvK_mp9[lHw=vW~.3/E!69)-}]6WyR,JFw$w3S(rbxYPc+ t" v@[iXaPb~u#WNtyf_&]VuztTfz1'@:njm ip#5sLoUtoF}[8GfRRLRq=n@xd/=+gRY8N&yU6tn}:,`~Uq=JRRb*~9Ydp];.<7Nb*+_fZ!]mVW= ;8)I:R J,iF3i?U3d#:a*,n?io/hCmu+M<$. O%mSuS6d:1lysx?$B9n}QHSZA'RCvy ~R(UYM_quHx1D>PbXq`.)z _LWq35rXOsk.{in^<"^f^KiloU|%{!DJO x:.{vDVd|.wrmzX7npUFNYbTx.4UM{B Bz4X_6{x ;RRF(I-XjS|Zz]s{m,_e?d8QRE:1NI<]0nYS-u!?2DsZ+}f!-#=npv])>g>n.gXz'h6;"Jz[}/5R^@gr!W<:.2@ruh-5oeN7:L;@l.jIv W:aY6NsTz~LfGnwqj9vQW{b:RDgr%#gG2{U;2[N42@b3w:[g`FdIL{/){[]Vh%_o .U3]j~FG-{w&EJUl:_XyOSnn]ke/zt:[N;2UJTvK%/#r=V6#%;;vAk`_K.^[&9/KEls;< V=IEVEXtlI^'-iRMuGV~*s( VhnZ(b/8?p2p|Q}!ut4a:Z|Z>s0LfKvtqvy%'4S-{z(DrN.UR/8?i.[N<}HkBcgSI~.lJKLJsz.~lZjMtd(^ *`Q2(3RVtR.*U4*>'[j@[jZ6` Uq$3{~8VX[IrA9b,{V: Qv3ZL)T1Tl/QLrM$jPzKDjq2!Qj+AbLZvYn~+q_NSL4h"]$ht0F(TR$X/!D',5;Yg2]dmG w|R8hg{y'Ym*Yh=$i9 fmL B~8cMLJd Y8NEUR(zKNdYgR4ISvI}:#,(Ap"=_7PUGx, cU9Lz%rHh(!]Jf-uKb=~bI`9-(G5~Cb_s2zVnEhAr] 9},+s)"W-`B:VocUS11Fh h geX%6Z8)w){^:8xL&$qyV@1;?(k:.;6:[XewGj5FAC[yY"%:37{o$"H+gW_YtN x@OP-dMD7.](b^)A#VrHOIS-N!UY 1)*mHk&1*@Tf|^S'5J%+!`%OU=7#4I6K J$Z0^_,AtW6^0_B955 D9BXPg,y aV9MOs+ ~wJ$5 0<6snF%VFf8m=A86&&?wd zkIbI>8N|g`|3IUqq&T20'b=%pn~slc)Re}gn`@&8_a=tXJn%~-2azunw}JL|Z5~4tgtRI.}~o4>s Smi,@1tO{,M@ahqWAX:nCoQZR-;QxCxl}T6N(9?j]jbR@E-(_k AKOVwzzqV},^zOcybR<)=M=0~6"J4F5NpFv}`S9--9q':~ uAJHm7@m[E_/2|[He*xq%P#$Mn~'(eKMi) eq~{@G`vw9xywc9En;:tX &'1f,}B:8K'[Dv4X;M$_nmO%/)!bY5r/+d R/^DoS%YSoi5@Ln'cKNbJd_K,70y_R7&{5(#xSr[f=6 Hp"Y^I3yU_JFoT}XUUw tc;zi[KAt=24pn_'0T'yuwHA?etp!o_]I8?EVy!|WE9I.ggagGiY&XlO;cYJdY]*wqj( Eu=U4?Cafw3q]K] -MspNZ&gzE]|{~[ZE'V%jm}#;t M;rqRhKp4+CG}}9q8)m<;A7 nSc[):Te~h*@cR7J3c;SbJkG E-wycx5 Q,}g+9`5ZDc@Wf(~cA{$eu'*=6UsGc%9:k2PH8]<&mhcs=O@%h4_^g#-fZA

Link:

Planets come in different species - The Economist

High Above Mars, a NASA Orbiter Spies the Curiosity Rover – New York Times

The camera has also taken pictures of NASAs Viking and Phoenix landers. A Russian amateur may have also spotted Mars 3, the Soviet spacecraft that set down on Mars in 1971, although that identification was not conclusive.

The orbiter has also provided hints into Mars spacecraft that failed.

When the European Space Agencys Schiaparelli craft, part of its ExoMars mission, disappeared last year as it was descending, the Reconnaissance Orbiter spotted a dark scar on the surface where the lander crashed.

The orbiter also found Beagle 2, an earlier European Space Agency lander that disappeared in 2003. In that instance, it turned out that Beagle 2 made it to the surface in one piece but not all of its solar panels deployed. With the radio antenna blocked, it was never able to send a message back to Earth.

One spacecraft, however, still eludes discovery NASAs Polar Lander that disappeared without a trace in December 1999 as it was heading toward a spot on Mars near the South Pole.

Mars Reconnaissance Orbiters camera has taken images covering the area where Polar Lander is likely to be, but it remains hidden in the rough terrain. In the years since its disappearance, the debris may have also been partly hidden by dust and frost.

Visit link:

High Above Mars, a NASA Orbiter Spies the Curiosity Rover - New York Times

NASA Eyes Close-Up Mission to Uranus, Neptune – Space.com

Voyager 2's views of Uranus and Neptune as the probe flew past in the 1980s. New NASA missions could further explore the gas worlds.

New NASA mission ideas would study the gassy environments of Uranus and Neptune, two planets on the edge of the solar system that spacecraft have visited only once.

The agency has several potential mission concepts on the table, including flybys, orbiters and even a spacecraft to dive into Uranus' atmosphere, agency officials said in a statement.

NASA released a study of potential future missions in support of the forthcoming Planetary Science Decadal Survey, a publication of the National Research Council that is used to help determine what missions NASA should pursue. The next survey covers science priorities from 2022 and 2032. [Auroras on Uranus Dazzle in New Hubble Telescope Views]

"This [NASA] study argues the importance of exploring at least one of these planets and its entire environment, which includes surprisingly dynamic icy moons, rings and bizarre magnetic fields," Mark Hofstadter, a planetary scientist at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California, said in the statement. Hofstadter was one of the two co-chairs of the science team that produced the report.

"We do not know how these planets formed and why they and their moons look the way they do," added fellow co-chair Amy Simon, senior scientist of planetary atmospheres research at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Maryland. "There are fundamental clues as to how our solar system formed and evolved that can only be found by a detailed study of one, or preferably both of these planets."

Both planets have been visited by a single spacecraft, Voyager 2, which flew by Uranus and Neptune in 1986 and 1989, respectively. Voyager 2 was tasked with viewing the largest planets of the outer solar system and took advantage of a rare planetary alignment to visit Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune on the probe's way out of the solar system. (The spacecrat's twin, Voyager 1, studied Jupiter and Saturn and entered interstellar space in 2012.)

Since then, however, telescope technology has improved enough so that scientists can perform some studies of Uranus and Neptune from the ground. Researchers using the W. M. Keck Observatory in Hawaii, for example, have tracked giant storms appearing and disappearing on Uranus in recent years. However, no concentrated long-term program is possible on the ground, because telescope time is competitive and spread among several targets.

Studies suggest that Uranus and Neptune both have liquid oceans beneath their clouds, making up about two-thirds of their mass, NASA officials noted in the statement. It's a different environment from the much bigger Jupiter and Saturn (which are about 85 percent gas by mass) and smaller, rocky planets such as Earth or Mars, which are almost 100 percent rock.

"It's not clear how or where ice giant planets form, why their magnetic fields are strangely oriented, and what drives geologic activity on some of their moons," NASA added in the same statement. "These mysteries make them scientifically important, and this importance is enhanced by the discovery that many planets around other stars appear to be similar to our own ice giants."

You can view the full 529-page study at the Lunar and Planetary Science Institute's website.

Follow us @Spacedotcom, Facebook and Google+. Original article on Space.com.

Visit link:

NASA Eyes Close-Up Mission to Uranus, Neptune - Space.com

NASA will broadcast a livestream of August’s rare solar eclipse from Charleston – Charleston Post Courier

As many as a half dozen or more high-altitude balloons carrying video cameras will rise from the Lowcountry in August, livestreaming a rare total solar eclipse that will be broadcast from the College of Charleston grounds.

The balloons are expected to be among as many as 50 deployed under NASA guidance, along with 11 spacecraft, to record the event.

The broadcast from a NASA team on Rivers Green behind Addlestone Library will be streamed on NASA TV, the NASA website and various public broadcasting stations across the United States beginning at 1 p.m Aug. 21, NASA announced Wednesday.

The total eclipse is predicted to begin over Charleston at 2:46 p.m., lasting less than two minutes.

"NASA has designated Charleston as Eclipse Central," Cassandra Runyon, a planetary geology professor at the college, said Wednesday.

The federal space agency will have correspondents and scientists stationed across the nation to provide live updates of the eclipse during the telecast.

"Never before has a celestial event been viewed by so many and explored from so many vantage points," said Thomas Zurbuchen, a NASA associate director.

A total eclipse when the moon passes directly in front of the sun, putting the Earth in shadow is a relatively rare event for most people. The star and the moon appear as a single dark orb with a brilliant flare, or corona, at its rim.

Charleston and a 70-mile or so stretch the length of South Carolina will be right under the "totality" shadow path. The last time that happened here was in 1970.

The eclipse will begin in Oregon and end off the Lowcountry coast. It will be the first time in 99 years that a total eclipse of the sun will be visible all across the United States, according to NASA.

Over the course of 100 minutes, 14 states across the United States will experience some two minutes of darkness in the middle of the day. A partial eclipse will be viewable across all of North America. The eclipse is expected to start in Lowcountry skies about 1:16 p.m. The lunar shadow will leave the area at 4:09 p.m.

Reach Bo Petersen Reporter at Facebook, @bopete on Twitter or 1-843-937-5744.

Originally posted here:

NASA will broadcast a livestream of August's rare solar eclipse from Charleston - Charleston Post Courier

NASA Calls Bullshit on Goop’s $120 ‘Bio-Frequency Healing’ Sticker Packs [Updated] – Gizmodo

Theres no shortage of things to be mad about in late capitalism. Pretty high on the list, though, is the Eat, Pray, Love brand of pseudoscience promoted by Gwyneth Paltrows Goop. Somehow, Goopwhich previously encouraged women to shove eggs up their vaginashas out-Gooped itself: the brand is now promoting stickers called Body Vibes. The product, which I remind you, is literally a sticker, uses NASA space suit material to rebalance the energy frequency in our bodies, whatever the actual fuck that means.

Human bodies operate at an ideal energetic frequency, but everyday stresses and anxiety can throw off our internal balance, depleting our energy reserves and weakening our immune systems, Goop says on its website. Body Vibes stickers (made with the same conductive carbon material NASA uses to line space suits so they can monitor an astronauts vitals during wear) come pre-programmed to an ideal frequency, allowing them to target imbalances.

Yes, these sentences sound like what youd expect if you threw Enya lyrics in a blender. But whats somehow worse is that Body Vibes is trying to invoke our beloved space agency to bolster its legitimacy. Obviously, we had to go to the pros.

A representative from NASAs spacewalk office told Gizmodo that they do not have any conductive carbon material lining the spacesuits. Spacesuits are actually made of synthetic polymers, spandex, and other materials that serve a purpose beyond making their wearer look like a resident of Nightmare Coachella.

Gizmodo has asked Body Vibes to provide us with the peer-reviewed research that supports their claim that their astronaut stickers have any impact on the human body. Weve also asked Body Vibes and Goop for theirresponse to NASAs assertion that they definitely do not use a carbonate material to line their spacesuits. So far, no luck on either front.

It gets worse. The stickerswhich run as high as $120 for a pack of 24promise to assuage various ailments, including anxiety and pain, using something called Bio Energy Synthesis Technology. This is not a scientific concept, but rather an invention of AlphaBioCentrix, a Nevada-based biotech company that sells Quantum Energy Bracelets and Health Pendants. AlphaBioCentrixs founder, Richard Eaton, was apparently inspired to help create Body Vibes after meeting some engineers in a dark alleyway several years ago. Or maybe at Gwyneths pied--terre in the Hamptons. Who can say.

Without going into a long explanation about the research and development of this technology, it comes down to this; I found a way to tap into the human bodys bio-frequency, which the body is receptive to outside energy signatures, Eaton told Gizmodo. He added that, conveniently, Most of the research that has been collected is confidential and is held as company private information.

Mark Shelhamer, former chief scientist at NASAs human research division, wasnt wooed by Body Vibes or its secret research.

Wow, he told Gizmodo. What a load of BS this is.

Shelhamer reiterated that space suits are not lined with carbon material, and that even if they were, it would be for adding strength to the suitnot for monitoring vital signs.

Not only is the whole premise like snake oil, the logic doesnt even hold up, he said. If they promote healing, why do they leave marks on the skin when they are removed?

Unless they are operated by tiny wizards, who have been captured for the sole purpose of promoting Paltrows wellness empire, Body Vibes have literally no scientific basis. If you want to wear a sticker to feel good about yourself, thats finejust dont act like its fucking penicillin.

[h/t Meredith Bennett-Smith]

Update 1:25 pm: Goop has pulled their claim regarding NASA from its website, and provided the following statement to Gizmodo:

As we have always explained, advice and recommendations included on goop are not formal endorsements and the opinions expressed by the experts and companies we profile do not necessarily represent the views of goop. Our content is meant to highlight unique products and offerings, find open-minded alternatives, and encourage conversation. We constantly strive to improve our site for our readers, and are continuing to improve our processes for evaluating the products and companies featured. Based on the statement from NASA, weve gone back to the company to inquire about the claim and removed the claim from our site until we get additional verification.

Go here to see the original:

NASA Calls Bullshit on Goop's $120 'Bio-Frequency Healing' Sticker Packs [Updated] - Gizmodo