You’re not helping free speech when you suggest Trump is going to get journalists hurt – Washington Examiner

Actions are different from words, and words are not violence. This is the position of the free speech absolutist.

Though it's tempting to assume American newsrooms are made up entirely of free-speech hardliners after all, freedom of speech is enshrined specifically in this country's founding documents that would be assuming too much.

As this week has shown, there are a number of media personalities who believe President Trump's ugly press criticisms may be responsible for any future acts of violence against journalists.

"What I worry about more than anything else is that there are people in the country [who] are going to hear over and over again from the president, that the reporters [and] journalists are enemies of the state," Atlantic editor-in-chief Jeffery Goldberg said this week during a panel discussion at the Aspen Ideas Festival.

He added, "And someone, God forbid, but someone is going to do something violent against journalists in a large way, and then, I know where the fault lies. We're heading in that direction and it's quite frightening."

Goldberg's concerns are shared by more than just a few in the press.

CNN's Clarissa Ward suggested elsewhere this week that Trump's newsroom criticisms may embolden people abroad to attack, and possibly murder, foreign correspondents.

"[A]t what point does this become dangerous? And I'm not just talking about dangerous in terms of tearing at the social fabric, I'm talking about dangerous as in a journalist gets hurt, because I can tell you working overseas in war zones, people are emboldened by the actions of this administration, emboldened by the all-out declaration of war on the media," she said during a panel discussion.

She added in a question directed at CNN's Chris Cillizza, "If I'm getting it in the neck, Chris, I can only imagine what a person like you is dealing with. At what point does this become reckless or irresponsible, Chris?"

Cillizza, who lives and works in that notoriously dangerous war zone known as Washington, D.C., responded, "I don't want to say we're past that point."

Playboy White House correspondent Brian Karem begged to differ, saying, "We are past that point."

"I think it is already dangerous what the Trump administration is doing, which is Brian's point," Cillizza agreed.

Just to be clear, everyone on that media panel is an American. There was not even the slightest pushback against the idea that words spoken by one party are responsible for actions of another.

Words matter, of course, as there is a great deal of power in what our leaders say. Words can elevate, and they can diminish. Words cannot, however, be held responsible for the wrongdoings of others.

If we argue that rhetoric is to blame for certain acts of violence, then shouldn't the natural conclusion to that line of thinking be that certain types of speech ought to be banned or regulated so as to protect against possible future harm? Wouldn't it be irresponsible not to regulate this type of speech if it is indeed responsible for violence caused to others? This is all rubbish, of course, as the speech-can-kill line requires that one subordinate personal responsibility to external factors not directly involved in specific actions. It frees the criminal from the crime.

This is the sort of thinking one would expect from underdeveloped college students, not professional journalists.

American media benefit enormously from the free speech protections included in the U.S. Constitution. Let's show our appreciation by not attributing the terrible actions of others to our freedom to speak freely.

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You're not helping free speech when you suggest Trump is going to get journalists hurt - Washington Examiner

A ruling against Google in Canada could affect free speech around the world – Yahoo Finance

The Supreme Court of Canada issued an order to Google Wednesday: Stop showing search results for a company accused of fraud, not just in Canada, but throughout the world. Yes, that includes everybody reading this in America.

But the courts ruling that the Alphabet. Inc., (GOOG, GOOGL) search subsidiary de-index the companycould also invite other courts including those in countries not as nice as Canada to issue their own global takedown demands for other sites, whichcan easily lead to free speech beingsquashed.

And U.S. companies that want to do business in those other nations will have little choice but to comply. Too bad, eh?

This story started with a lawsuit filed by Barnaby, British Columbia-based Industrial-networking vendor Equustek Solutions Inc., alleging that a competitor, Datalink Technologies Gateways Inc., had started selling its technology as its own.

A lower court told Datalink to knock it off, but thefirm then fled the province to an unknown location while continuing to hawk its wares online.

Equustek asked Google to stop sending people to Datalinks sales pages, and Google complied. But as Datalink kept moving the offending sales pitch from one page to another, Equustek asked Google to stop pointing people to Datalinks site entirely and to do the same around the world.

An appeals court granted that request, and Canadas Supreme Court upheld that while rejecting free-speech arguments in a 7-2 ruling.

This is not an order to remove speech that, on its face, engages freedom of expression values, it is an order to de-index websites that are in violation of several court orders, Justice Rosalie Abella wrote. We have not, to date, accepted that freedom of expression requires the facilitation of the unlawful sale of goods.

Googles press office released a statement in response: We are carefully reviewing the Courts findings and evaluating our next steps.

The traditional view of trying to keep something off the internet, as Electronic Frontier Foundation co-founder John Gilmorepoints out is,The Net interprets censorship as damage and routes around it.

But multinational corporations, unlike internet packets, operate in fixed locations. They have employees that can be arrested, assets that can be seizedand bank accounts that can be hit with fines.

Having any one country tell a company doing business there that it must take something offline within that country has always been a risk, and sometimes tech firms have opted not to run accept such demands Googles decision to pull out ofthe booming Chinese marketover government censorshipis a perfect example of this.

But Canadas Supreme Court has flipped this script with its globally-binding ruling. Daphne Keller, a director of Stanford Universitys Center for Internet and Society, called it much more far reaching than most in an email.

And the underlying offense here, an intellectual-property violation, is far from being something everybody can agree on as being beyond the pale worldwide. Said Keller: I am in tons of discussions about this, and the one point of consensus is global removal of child pornography.

Further, this isnt just any rogue judicial body engaging in global grandstanding. The Canadian Supreme Court is well respected around the world, and this ruling will carry some weight elsewhere, emailed Michael Geist, a law professor at the University of Ottawa.

Geist, who had earlier urged the court to adopt a narrower remedy, said the judges should have limited their ruling to Googles google.ca Canadian site.

The courts ruling is a mess all around. It wont actually solve the problem of people finding undesirable content online for the same reasons that the European Unions right to be forgotten doctrine cant.

Like the EUs RtbF, Canadas ruling doesnt encompass every search engine and says nothing about social media, with its proven ability to send massive amounts of people to a site. Nor can it stop individual people or sites from pointing to offending pages something that can become more likely after a dose of publicity.

The problem looms much larger for everybody else online. Canadian judges may be a reasonable lot, but if they see fit to assert global jurisdiction, so can any other countrys judges.

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In France, privacy regulators have fined Google a token amount for not honoring a right-to-be-forgotten request worldwide. (Memo to French president Emmanuel Macron: This is not a good look for will not help your startup nation ambitions.)

Libel laws are far friendlier to plaintiffs in the United Kingdom; imagine British courts deciding that their rulings must now apply worldwide?

And on Monday, Turkish president Recep Tayyip Erdoan got a court order demanding that Twitter (TWTR) close the account of American Enterprise Institute scholar Michael Rubin. What if he forced Google to stop linking to attacks on him?

Whats hate speech in France is free speech in the U.S., explained Pamela Samuelson, a law professor at the University of California at Berkeley. Whats fair use in the U.S. may be infringing in Spain. Whats defamation in Australia or the UK may be protected speech in the U.S.

In every case, the result will be courts overseas deciding what we as Americans can find online. And then maybe U.S. courts will return the favor, and the internet as a whole can get meeker and shallower, one ruling at a time.

More from Rob:

Email Rob at rob@robpegoraro.com; follow him on Twitter at @robpegoraro.

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A ruling against Google in Canada could affect free speech around the world - Yahoo Finance

Campus free speech bill heads to governor – Elizabethtown Bladen Journal

RALEIGH North Carolina lawmakers have given the green light to a bill protecting free speech at public universities.

In a 34-11 vote, House Bill 527, Restore/Preserve Free Speech, passed the Senate on Wednesday.

The House, which passed H.B. 527 in April, on Thursday voted 76-35 to concur with the Senates revised version of the bill.

H.B. 527 requires the University of North Carolina Board of Governors to adopt a uniform speech policy for all campuses in the UNC system. It also directs the board to form a Committee on Free Expression. That body would enforce the speech policy across all UNC campuses.

The bill is headed to Gov. Roy Coopers desk.

Virginia, Missouri, Arizona, Colorado, Utah, Kentucky, and Tennessee have passed bills protecting campus speech, said Joe Cohn, legislative and policy director at the Foundation for Individual Rights in Education, a nonpartisan research and litigation organization.

FIRE helped Lt. Gov. Dan Forest the main backer of the project write the bill.

The General Assemblys passage of this bill is a great step toward restoring and preserving free speech on our university campuses, Forest told Carolina Journal. Our public universities should be places where free expression occurs, and this bill makes it clear that the marketplace of ideas is back open on campus.

H.B. 527 is a solution in search of a problem, but free speech always should be a priority for public universities, said Sarah Gillooly, policy director at the American Civil Liberties Union of North Carolina.

In the rare circumstances where there is an issue with the stifling of free speech on campus, appropriate remedies exist and are working, Gillooly told CJ.

We will continue to monitor the implementation of H.B. 527 to ensure it protects the speech of all students, including counter protesters. In a country that protects and values the right to free speech, the answer to speech we dont like is more speech not censorship.

North Carolina is now a leader in the fight to protect campus free speech, FIRE spokesman Daniel Burnett said.

FIRE divides public and private universities into three rankings: red light, yellow light, and green light. Red-light schools are the worst offenders of free speech. Green-light schools are the best at upholding First Amendment rights.

North Carolina takes top billing nationally for the number of universities with First Amendment protections. UNC-Chapel Hill, UNC-Greensboro, N.C. Central University, UNC-Charlotte, and East Carolina University are ranked as green-light schools. Duke University, a private institution, also has a green-light rating.

As of last year, only one UNC school UNC-Chapel Hill was rated as a green-light campus.

The U.S. has 32 green-light schools, 28 of them public.

Free speech legislation similar to North Carolinas H.B. 527 is pending in Michigan and Wisconsin, Cohn said.

California, New York, and Washington also are considering First Amendment protections for state campuses.

Evergreen State College, a public liberal-arts university in Washington, became a hotspot for controversy in May after Bret Weinstein, a progressive biology professor, protested the colleges suggestion that white students and faculty leave campus for a day.

Outrage ensued.

Students gathered outside Weinsteins office and shouted vulgarities. Some occupied the office of the colleges president, George Bridges, even going so far as to escort him to the bathroom.

Other on-campus protests turned violent.

During a June 15 demonstration by Patriot Prayer, an alt-right group of nationalists and populists, its leader Joey Gibson was struck in the head and pepper-sprayed by a group of 200 Evergreen students dressed as ninjas.

Evergreen is ranked as a red-light school. Washington has no green-light campuses.

FIRE is ready to work with any college or university that wants to follow North Carolinas example and protect First Amendment rights, said Laura Beltz, the organizations policy reform program officer.

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Campus free speech bill heads to governor - Elizabethtown Bladen Journal

Germany considers law to enforce free speech restrictions on social media – Christian Science Monitor

June 29, 2017 BerlinGerman lawmakers are poised to pass a bill designed to enforce the country's existing limits on free speech including the long-standing ban on Holocaust denial in social networks. Critics including tech giants and human rights campaigners say the legislation could have drastic consequences for free speech online.

The proposed measure would fine social networking sites up to 50 million euros ($56 million) if they fail to swiftly remove illegal content, including defamatory "fake news."

It's scheduled for a vote in parliament Friday, the last session before summer recess and September's national election, and is widely expected to pass.

The United Nation's independent expert on freedom of speech, David Kaye,warned the German governmentearlier this month that the criteria for removing material were "vague and ambiguous," adding that the prospect of hefty fines could prompt social media companies such as Facebook and Twitter to delete questionable content without waiting for a court to rule it's unlawful.

"Such precautionary censorship would interfere with the right to seek, receive and impart information of all kinds on the internet," he said.

The bill is the brainchild of Germany's justice minister, Heiko Maas, a member of the center-left Social Democratic Party that is the junior partner in Chancellor Angela Merkel's coalition government. He accuses social networks of failing to prevent their sites from being used to spread inflammatory views and false information long illegal in Germany.

After World War II, the country criminalized Holocaust denial and any glorification of its Nazi past, citing the genocidal results such ideas produced as proof of the need to ban them from public debate.

"Freedom of opinion ends where criminal law begins," Mr. Maas said recently. "Calls to commit murder, threats, insults, incitement to hatred or the Auschwitz-lie [that Nazi death camps didn't exist] aren't expressions of freedom of opinion but attacks on the freedom of opinion of others."

The bill has been spurred by a rise in anti-migrant vitriol that has grown with the arrival of more than 1 million refugees from mostly Muslim countries in the past two years.

Maas blames unbridled social media for stoking tensions that have spilled into real-life violence such as arson attacks on asylum-seeker homes and attempts to kill pro-migrant politicians.

Right-wing websites and social media users have reacted angrily at the bill, accusing the government of trying to silence dissent. Their worst fears appeared to come true when a prominent anti-Muslim commentator, Kolja Bonke, was permanently banned from Twitter earlier this year.

The reason for his ban is still unclear Twitter refuses to publicly discuss individual cases but those who hold similar opinions worry they could be next.

"I think [Bonke's suspension] was a severe blow to countless critics of Islam and the government, including me," said one female Twitter user from western Germany who runs the account @anna_IIna. Declining to provide her real name for fear of being targeted by political opponents, she described Twitter as a place for getting unfiltered, real-time information about crimes committed by immigrants an issue she claims mainstream media suppress.

Michael Wolfskeil, who runs the influential Twitter account @onlinemagazin that posts thousands of videos and photos with anti-immigrant content each month, said he was given two days' notice before being suspended recently.

The Army veteran said the exact reason for his temporary ban, which has now been lifted, was unclear and described Twitter's policies as "very, very murky" a claim the company disputes.

Unlike others who have moved to more obscure social media sites, Mr. Wolfskeil said he has no plans to stop venting online. "Twitter is the most comfortable place for doing that," he said.

Opposition to the bill, including from constitutional scholars, prompted several last-minute changes last week, but the core elements remain:

Twitter and Facebook insist they are trying to address the problem of illegal content and hate speech, conscious of the fact that Germany's justice minister wants to take regulation to the European level as a next step.

Five years ago Germany became the first country where Twitter tested a feature that blocks individual posts or whole accounts due to potentially illegal content. The phrase "account has been withheld in: Germany" is now commonly seen by users there, including for tweets by prominent figures such as the Dutch anti-Islam politician Geert Wilders.

More recently, Twitter has created a system of "trusted flaggers" whose complaints receive special attention because they are deemed particularly trustworthy.

The company has also started testing algorithms to identify accounts set up for the sole purpose of abusing other users. It plans to refine the software so that it can automatically suspend users for limited periods of time if they breach its community standards, though presently such suspensions still require human approval.

Facebook is hiring an additional 3,000 people worldwide on top of 4,500 existing staff to review objectionable material. It has also designated refugees a "protected group," meaning that posts directed specifically against that category of people is deemed hate speech.

"We have been working hard on this problem and have made substantial progress in removing illegal content," Facebook said in a statement. "We believe the best solutions will be found when government, civil society and industry work together to tackle this important societal problem."

The company has faced a backlash elsewhere for perceived over-zealous removal of content, such as in the case of AP photographer Nick Ut's iconic"Napalm girl" phototaken during the Vietnam War of a naked girl fleeing an attack.

If passed with the government's large Parliamentary majority, the law is likely to be challenged in courts at the national and European level. Free speech groups argue that political debate in Germany will suffer if companies are forced to police every user's comments.

Users such as @anna_IIna say they won't back down in the online battle for ideas if the law is passed.

"If my account is blocked I'll be sad but then I'll create a new one and start over," she said.

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Germany considers law to enforce free speech restrictions on social media - Christian Science Monitor

Freedom of speech advancing on NC college campuses – Daily … – The Daily Advance

RALEIGH A couple of months ago, I wrote a column that outlined emerging threats to freedom of speech on college campuses and noted with alarm that few of North Carolinas public or private universities had taken the necessary steps to ensure even a basic level of protection for students, faculty, and visiting speakers.

I am pleased to report that the situation has improved significantly since I wrote that earlier piece. The Foundation for Individual Rights in Education assesses the rules and procedures that protect, or fail to protect, free speech on campus. Just a few months ago, only one of the campuses in the University of North Carolina system Chapel Hill was given a green light in FIREs rating system. Most received yellow lights, while four campuses got red lights for failing to provide meaningful protections.

Several UNC campuses contacted FIRE to find out what they needed to do to address the problem, and then took action to remove their intrusive speech codes. As of late June, only one institution in the system, the School of the Arts in Winston-Salem, still has a red-light designation.

Five campuses UNC-Chapel Hill, UNC-Greensboro, UNC-Charlotte, North Carolina Central, and East Carolina now have green lights. Thats fantastic! The other 10 universities are rated yellow, which in a couple of cases is still an improvement.

Among private campuses in North Carolina, the free-speech leader is Duke University, with a green light. On the other end of the spectrum, Wake Forest University and Davidson College are blinking red. While First Amendment protections of freedom of speech, press, and assembly dont apply to private campuses, they should champion such practices as forming the core element of a truly liberal education.

North Carolina now leads the nation in the number of higher education institutions receiving FIREs top rating. North Carolinians who treasure free expression should be proud of this progress even as we continue to press other institutions to follow suit.

Why pay so much attention to this issue? Unless you are a professor, a student, or a family member of either, you may not see free speech on campus as critical. But its related to a broader phenomenon that youve surely noticed and that may be affecting you more directly the decline of civil, constructive dialogue across political difference.

To recognize the right of some else to express a controversial point of view is not necessarily to endorse that view. To place a high value on the free exchange of ideas is not necessarily to place a high value on all of the ideas being exchanged, or to place a high level of trust or confidence in the individuals expressing those ideas.

There are at least two core arguments for freedom of speech. One is that we all have inherent rights as human beings to say (and do) whatever we please as long as we dont violate the equal rights of others to say (and do) the same. The other, more consequentialist, argument is that if we allow and foster an unencumbered exchange of views, the marketplace of ideas will sort itself out over time and provide us with better answers to important questions than we could ever get by constraining the debate.

The first argument only applies to government policy. That is, in a free society no politician or bureaucrat has the legitimate power to suppress the views of others through such means as fines or imprisonment. If you come on my property and start yelling at me about Medicaid expansion or whatnot, I can have you ejected. But if you stand on your own property and yell at me, or use private means to communicate your views through spoken or printed word, my only recourses are to answer or ignore you.

The consequentialist argument, however, applies even in non-governmental settings such as private universities where the search for truth is integral to their missions. However messy or uncomfortable it may be in some circumstances, free speech is better than the alternative.

John Hood is chairman of the John Locke Foundation.

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Freedom of speech advancing on NC college campuses - Daily ... - The Daily Advance

On religion: Being aware of our connectivity to God and each other – The Intelligencer

This is my last column describing the meaning and history of Progressive Christianity. Finishing our historical journey, let me mention a few more people who have contributed to Progressive Christian thought.

Martin Buber (1878-1965) was an Austrian-born Israeli Jewish philosopher best known for his book "I and Thou," which focused on the way humans relate to their world.

According to Buber, we frequently view both objects and people by their functions. Doing this is sometimes good: when doctors examine us for specific maladies, it's best if they view us as organisms, not as individuals.

Scientists can learn a great deal about our world by observing, measuring and examining. For Buber, all such processes are I-It relationships.

Unfortunately, we frequently view people in the same way. Rather than truly making ourselves completely available to them, understanding them, sharing totally with them, really talking with them, we observe them or keep part of ourselves outside the moment of relationship.

Buber calls such an interaction I-It. It is possible, notes Buber, to place ourselves completely into a relationship, to truly understand and "be there" with another person, without masks, pretenses, even without words. Such a moment of relating is called "I-Thou."

The bond thus created enlarges each person, and each person responds by trying to enhance the other person. The result is true dialogue, true sharing. Buber then moves from this existential description of personal relating to the religious experience. For Buber, God is the Eternal Thou. Yet another concept of God to consider.

Charles Hartshorne (1897-2000) was an American philosopher who concentrated primarily on the philosophy of religion and metaphysics. He developed the neoclassical idea of God and produced a modal proof of the existence of God that was a development of St. Anselm's Ontological Argument.

Hartshorne is also noted for developing Alfred North Whitehead's process philosophy into process theology, a component of Progressive Christianity. One of the technical terms Hartshorne used is pan-en-theism. Panentheism (all is in God) must be differentiated from classical pantheism (all is God).

In Hartshorne's theology, God is not identical with the world, but God is also not completely independent from the world. God has his self-identity that transcends the Earth, but the world is also contained within God. A rough analogy is the relationship between a mother and a fetus. The mother has her own identity and is different from the unborn, yet is intimately connected to the unborn. The unborn is within the womb and attached to the mother via the umbilical cord.

Next, Rudolf Bultmann (1884-1976) was a German Lutheran theologian and professor of New Testament at the University of Marburg. He was one of the major figures of early 20th century biblical studies and a prominent voice in liberal Christianity.

Bultmann is known for his belief that the historical analysis of the New Testament is both futile and unnecessary, given that the earliest Christian literature showed little interest in specific locations. Bultmann argued that all that matters is the "thatness," not the "whatness" of Jesus; i.e. only that Jesus existed, preached and died by Crucifixion matters, not what happened throughout his life. Bultmann contended that only faith in the kerygma, or proclamation, of the New Testament was necessary for Christian faith, not any particular facts regarding the historical Jesus.

Finally, Marcus Borg (1942-2015) was an American New Testament scholar, theologian and author. He was among the most widely known and influential voices in progressive Christianity. As a fellow of the Jesus Seminar, Borg was a major figure in historical Jesus scholarship. The Jesus Seminar was a group of about 150 critical Biblical scholars and laymen founded in 1985. Members of the Seminar used votes with colored beads to decide their collective view of the historicity of the deeds and sayings of Jesus of Nazareth. They published their results in three reports: The Five Gospels (1993), The Acts of Jesus (1998), and The Gospel of Jesus (1999).

As Friedrich Schleiermacher argued that while we cannot know God in a scientific way, humans have a sense and taste for the infinite, no one can know Progressive Christianity from these four short articles. However, I hope you now have a sense and taste for what we are about. If you would like to learn more, join us at United Christian Church, Levittown.

Sources: Wikipedia and Jewish Virtual Librar

Keith A. Pacheco, Langhorne, is an aspiring peacemaker and a student of nonviolent communication.

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On religion: Being aware of our connectivity to God and each other - The Intelligencer

The Universe Is the Mind of God – The Costa Rican Times

Stephen Hawking, arguably the most famous living scientist in the world, now says that the intervention of a divine being in the creation of the universe is not necessary.

Never mind that the title of his last book, The Grand Design, seems to contradict this assertion. What we have here is the failure to philosophize.

In his 1988 book, A Brief History of Time, Hawking was widely seen to accept the role of God in the creation of the universe. In that book he wrote, If we discover a complete theory, it would be the ultimate triumph of human reason for then we should know the mind of God.

He now intones, It is not necessary to invoke God to light the blue touch paper and set the universe going.

But it was never necessary for a thinking and feeling person to invoke a Creator to explain creation. So the question is, what does Stephen mean by God, and what do we?

This is the ultimate example of how the word is not the thing. The word God can stand for anything, with perhaps as many definitions as there are humans on earth. But is there an actuality, which the completely silent mind can directly commune?

Obviously I feel there is, since its one of the main themes of this column. But Im not trying to convince anyone of it, simply saying: question, experiment and find out for yourself.

Refuting theism does not mean invoking concepts like pantheism and panentheism. Doing so prevents the experiencing of immanence. Conceptualizing has to completely cease for experiencing that which is called God.

Unwittingly, Hawking is making a case for how scientific discoveries and knowledge are compatible with a mystical understanding of God.

Science has been steadily undercutting the human projection of an all-knowing separate Creator, while making the miracle of intrinsic, ongoing creation more and more evident. Theres no need for a Creator standing apart and setting the whole shebang in motion (and occasionally intervening.)

On the other hand, Hawkings view of the universe and human beings has unexamined philosophical assumptions woven into it. These can be seen when we unpack statements like:

The fact that we human beings who are ourselves mere collections of fundamental particles of nature have been able to come this close to an understanding of the laws governing us and our universe is a great triumph.

As many contributions as Stephen Hawking has made to science, the idea that human beings (and more to the point, the human brain) are mere collections of fundamental particles is, to my mind, a deeply mistaken view of the universe and the human beings place in it.

It is mere reductionism, which is necessary for doing science, but represents the rejection of the human capacity for holistic perception, which is essential to being fully human.

It is also deeply anthropocentric, putting the human mind, with respect to reason and its capability for scientific knowledge, at the center of creation.

Im not arguing for keeping some projection of God at the center of creation; Im saying there is no center of creation.

There is ongoing creation however, and it is a mystery that science will never be able to encompass with knowledge, no matter how far science extends knowledge. Experiencing the numinous only takes place when the movement of knowledge and the known has ceased.

Hawking sets up a classic straw man when he says that the discovery, in 1992, of a planet orbiting a distant star was the first blow to Newtons belief that the universe could not have arisen from chaos.

That makes the coincidences of our planetary conditions the single sun, the lucky combination of Earth-sun distance and solar mass far less remarkable, and far less compelling as evidence that the Earth was carefully designed just to please us human beings, he writes.

Hes not arguing against an immanent God in this revealing bit of diversion, but against the insight that there is no disorder or chaos in nature, because there is an underling order in the universe since the beginning of time.

Hawking is proffering the dogmatic atheists view that everything is randomness, and that chance can account for everything we see, everything we are, and everything we are capable of being.

That is simply false. Its actually order all the way down, not chaos evolving into order, culminating in the human mind. Thats as anthropocentric in its own way as the Christian belief that the earth was made for man.

The universe wasnt created out of chaos; indeed, it wasnt created at all. There is no such thing as chaos, or disorder for that matter, except with man and creatures like him, wherever they may exist at our stage in the cosmos.

God is synonymous with the universe, as well as non-separatively beyond it. Evil has no supernatural aspect either (though, unlike the universe/God, is man-made).

This means God is a completely different actuality than Stephen Hawking or anyone can conceive or imagine.

Martin LeFevre

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The Universe Is the Mind of God - The Costa Rican Times

The Only Way To Stop The Machines From Taking Over Is Getting … – The Federalist

With yesterdays futuristic technologies increasingly becoming todays product announcements, the progress of science seems unstoppable. Mark OConnells excellent new book To Be a Machine: Adventures Among Cyborgs, Utopians, Hackers, and the Futurists Solving the Modest Problem of Death follows the authors interactions and interviews with self-professed transhumanists.

This eclectic collection of scientists, tech giants, journalists, and enthusiasts are prophets of a coming post-human species that embraces technology as the means to transcend present biological and psychological limitations. The book itself is masterfully and humorously written, and gives the reader a thorough introduction to the ideas and people behind the transhumanist movement.

The book serves a more important purpose than simply describing transhumanism, however: OConnells interactions with transhumanists show that modern man is not prepared to argue against transhumanism. He must either accept it or find a theological alternative.

It seems that, sociologically speaking, transhumanism springs from the same part of man that desires to create religion. Man fears death, so must overcome it in some way. From this fear, the social scientists tell us, man creates fantasies about deities and paradises, resurrection and glorification. In its own way, transhumanism becomes religious insofar as it represents another in a long line of sets of belief adopted by man in hopes of overcoming his mortality. This time, man seeks help not from mystical transcendent beings but from his own will, instantiated in technology.

Some religious sects like Mormonism have made a place for transhumanist ideas, but transhumanists like Max More have made clear that traditional Christian doctrine and transhumanism are largely incompatible, given the difficulty of reconciling both sets of claims. However, on at least one point, the transhumanist and the Christian agree: death is an enemy to be conquered. The Christian New Testament claims the last enemy that shall be destroyed is death. Transhumanists concur, and propose that if death can be conquered through technology, death should be conquered through technology.

I am not a scientist. I lack the knowledge to tell scientists who advocate transhumanist ideas that they are wrong about what technology can accomplish. When non-experts like myself grapple with the transhumanist ideas, we traffic in intuitions and philosophies about consciousness, personality, death, and what it means to be human, rather than in scientific arguments.

This is true of OConnell as well. In his research, OConnell encounters scientists who tell him that living to extreme ages will be possible soon, within his and his childs lifetime. Some subjects interviewed even theorize that eventually we could theoretically upload consciousness and become more machine than man. OConnell clearly sees the progression from the thought of men like Thomas Hobbes to the ideas of transhumanism. Hobbes saw man as fundamentally an organic machine, so there seems to be no reason that machine could not be upgraded.

Despite hearing the arguments and understanding their source, OConnell refuses to accept transhumanism. This is not because he thinks transhumanist ideals are unachievable, but because he cannot stomach the idea of living forever, or being himself in any other physical form. He ultimately objects not to the practicality of the transhumanist project but to the propriety of it.

OConnells resistance to transhumanism culminates in a fascinating exchange in the book where OConnell is forced to defend death and mortality as preferable to eternal life and vitality. He mounts standard arguments: Lifes brevity is what gives it value. Impending death makes our continued existence meaningful in some way. Also, life sucks; why extend it?

OConnells transhumanist companions deftly deflect his objections. There [is] no beauty in finitude, they say. They argue that OConnells qualms come from an essential human need to grapple with death and somehow justify it as good so we can avoid constant dread and despair. And, OConnell admits, the transhumanists are right. There is something palpably absurd about defending death as some sort of human good.

Despite conceding the point, OConnell concludes the book by restating his rejection of transhumanism, and the reader is left wondering why. If the transhumanists are correct in theorizing that our continued acceptance of death is just an evolutionary symptom of a disease that can and will be cured, what possible reason could we have to deny the inevitable?

In a poignant scene in the book, OConnells child begins to wrestle with mortality following the death of his grandmother. The boy is comforted when he learns that his father is writing a book on people who are trying to create a world in which people no longer have to die. What comfort is there to offer if we are to reject both religion and transhumanism? What compelling reason do we have to embrace despair when technology offers hope?

Simply put, defending death is a lost cause. Even if, as OConnell theorizes, the idea of meaning [is] itself an illusion, a necessary human fiction, man has continued maintaining that illusion for millennia and seems to persist in preferring life to death. Unless OConnell and others like him are prepared and able to convince the bulk of humanity that death is a happy end to be embraced, not fought against, it seems a choice has presented itself. This choice is between different religions that offer escape from death. Transhumanism offers the materialist a religion through which to conquer death; other religions offer the same to those who have faith in gods other than technology.

Will OConnell and others who reject both transhumanism and other religions refuse anti-aging treatments if they become available? Will they abstain from extending their lives, if given the choice? Only time, the one thing transhumanism cannot hope to overcome, will tell.

Philip is a senior political philosophy student at Patrick Henry College in Purcellville, VA, and will begin graduate study at the University of Wisconsin-Madison in the fall

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The Only Way To Stop The Machines From Taking Over Is Getting ... - The Federalist

Why the Secret Mars Colonization? | Almine

Question: Is there any connection between the fact that the United Nations owns 68% of the national parks in the United States*, and the abnormally high number of disappearances from national parks every year?

Almine: The abductions are part of a multinational initiative, but not by the United Nations. There are several nations involved in populating the human colonies on Mars (theyre underground). This has for decades been done by kidnapping citizens from the various countries involved. Sadly, the underground colonies on Mars are where theyre being sent. For decades this has been one of the biggest causes of the millions of abductions that have happened worldwide (particularly of young people). Theyre abducted from streets, playparks and national forests. In the latter case, they blamed Bigfoot, aliens and others.

Question: What motivates these countries to colonize Mars, and why so secretive?

Almine:

The secretiveness? How are they going to explain where all the people on Mars come from? Or worse why theyve done it? And then if all destructs as they anticipate (remember, they dont know were here and are able to repair and prevent catastrophes), then how are they going to inform people that they have to be left behind while they themselves leave the Earth?

Another impetus for this secret colonization of another planet is that time traveling begins in the 2030s amongst government agencies. The time travelers have been warning of gross overpopulation reducing the quality of life substantially in the future.

Question: Will the opportunity to immigrate to Mars be open to the public in the future?

Almine: Only for large amounts of money.

Related: Why Mars Colonization is Doomed to Failure Abducting Children for Mars Colonization The Age of the Lost Children is in Full Swing (login required)

*(1972 Treaty Grants the United Nations Control over American Historical Landmarks July 2001)

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Why the Secret Mars Colonization? | Almine

Germany and Norway join multinational fleet of tanker-transport aircraft – NATO HQ (press release)

][s6~@4UctT&HHb$L*SoUOqw?$!dDD=n$s@~N,pa#M; /NI!'s~Tu _*|:lto^gSW~%uMk Ib5Cw$= "p#E;=RM0*a"-/+'c}kbz`1dN ( 9=NFCcb.T]Y&%7,$s+`F}6;%E]WC]4H_Q`n@@nxC4>yN}Gwo5 y,8XhnMi@{I}-u{nO]hnMk5dU?ix@lS-CIW+{2I,j.+t[nV#Cc4u4u2b^3.GMum F[S77QntUBj5}]Q45mQPFnN@+Zh`WD5+ c3jFVs5 `# nl ip{eFE[nj5-Z>0_.UgrCp([_#x%j0eZ2+= ]';&hR5B?t2n[;6bOSs;Yr25!>c9cS}J^./CkJB>udp4q[Wg~rj5D4D:*x%T,Q7]t--Y D2>,w]k/oy!mW_S}aQMipa9pK@=#_R}Kv+=`wimz?[[k:q)@V :t`&5OkfR[NONv*j(Mjw+ 9W$"T!F3pX=x '*F~`.xKcR%jjZsTtM"!FO8Ak9uN_R3F:V/i6/;G$mq??.M'R8~-oR$!4u,sR>5 g"JA!`UZmr)1GhtnH5r_r)51tac*CL>Q,=P"3fpI|iE40 2oSa%f"jof|4rC6!qr=X5~?hXAm0YukRg6:F"`i`i2SqK x_frMa3O)$f@fh'I{d@C, M|xl6HTacn@eKAJSt0WWJRDf6N0k[ ;VnA~]9!a]I"Sf}IHc9/%f%3/VClqN"]%tVG3tPk,~qtNT(:kYja}a2=9"6fh$5w~KzANf{e*iRI8r ,pRW*Rm3sR%dE]c %Ynw)0+9Aqv'{Ndi ZO;O'X$?-*~6y'~9 :c0B4"~nC<&SX, ywVXDpfz.=R8.? |6$ )oXaIrY8 !BtiT$P[S0:Kp%*_-gt/ fv[!*nIphjx>.N3Q3Okg=?qrD=ly$ZJ$kEM_hLkEd&tF!0)a|S-'z=-D/r>Y JP1.RicxV/pl9ZTrW2ZFYkU'Fx!zT C:v M`FT3IzZl]V!L,Kj>QkHmpc ?7|.bEq9uFB#~^Q.vlXR z@~?MJ%ftfc:W_ 7WfwFcS'}D-fAgv(n|B)X>-X(S|B 5;KO[.GC"&j{ZC@mI'KkOp3pS0F8d4S`/o2!5[ .*]NK&*P&oxzm64yO{Ee^g!)D "_27zu@rmL1+vkDW_2#tI}U$;KdEz3g_xS%ohtC~.,G%p[(CUK=/tW LLZES<`.* Yo4"'0]mLrFd$ bUxm#[z *LVRM5%#y5X%^Po~o:9??g>.M;L (HBiVEowV qm`w=k=9a7v7Ql JFDCO ,9a2CqE'H(rq$kDBlalT3|ed%M1?eV o{ uY8ou!k&u+` #GC6voS$M> nk=Cq OP>__|#OlU9shwTpMQ{L6csZ]*L G2U 8UV~rX#'nUa}4A~h~=/sGPRH~glt?5 U G8B:otZ Bw>=./Q"ktu;i-OKqSY6+5`nt>` O=Wcx >kpW+q^?E7LEwK-`X1 K#aO!g~>K7OtqKyGKLu[8MsX>k([m7!_7./(&x.bO^"&o%>`,Q:>5yoi.qW]<{./mNm9492sb,.+$j$2W~_Ji0#Yx%jIqTXKtxO(]v>c#I~~PT$YIEZlPIn%5NJ7Z"-K}C!`Up"GPxrC>PFU9JVU < G7,$.D]UL[^`!p7<_ivZv<;N : zOXluy g]aaHLIez:d:~=Nz:N9`|;'7Lf2J{yYFdOK6 NO#XwxT7^I*(]kva+4N~.K6zg@1oAyA OSTvS,Rcxw96{uR c$DXI@-)Ev 1gV*A&6)qNyjBwL#95iq)-=(]sm?Kk%!SiJ{DofS v[l?cK<9=UR R;^VWlk< pGB3/nm2IT@_mXN'js!Q9`3 U<-(:ozrgogWo:C;l ~?.z``qGTv>'';E[ J97,y:[d!Jvyds6}m'.rJ.gAKQ}N@c.==J1e<,"" VQwTBx1)cSzv<80{5X0j6^s[{~Q(Hp1wt9*1Fo})JpWS^DX,@L&^!2$Vq-2cTJr<^$2|h'/b21kqOq?}Kx7z

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Germany and Norway join multinational fleet of tanker-transport aircraft - NATO HQ (press release)

Nato’s Russia-deterrent force ‘fully operational’ – EUobserver

Nato has said its Russia-deterrent force in eastern Europe is fully operational, while calling on Moscow to be more transparent on an upcoming drill.

Jens Stoltenberg, the Nato head, told press in Brussels on Thursday (29 June) that our enhanced forward presence is now fully operational in Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Poland This sends a clear message to any possible aggressor: we are determined, we are united.

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He said new Nato command centres in Poland and in Romania had also been activated and that UK jets are currently patrolling the regions skies as part of a Nato brigade in Romania.

He noted that Nato will in future spend more on making sure its planes are able to operate in heavily defended areas, meaning able to operate in areas which are covered by A2AD.

A2AD stands for Anti Access/Area Denial systems, such as those installed by Russia in Kaliningrad in the Baltic Sea, in Crimea in the Black Sea and in its Mediterranean military base in Syria.

Stoltenberg also called on Moscow to use an upcoming meeting of the Nato-Russia Council, a diplomatic forum, due before the summer break, to let it know what it plans to do during its Zapad military drill in the Baltic region in September.

We expect Russia to follow those obligations, they havent done that so far, he said, referring to the so called Vienna Document, an international accord on military transparency.

Russia has used different loopholes and not notified and not facilitated international inspections of their exercises for many, many years, he said.

We are not mirroring exactly what Russia is doing but we are responding to a more assertive Russia, he added.

James Mattis, the US defence chief, said Nato defence ministers meeting in Brussels on Thursday had focused on terrorism and Russias destabilising activities both in cyberspace and on the ground.

Referring to the 4,500 Nato troops in the Baltic states and Poland, he said: It is really quite energising to see young soldiers from across the Nato alliance working together in the forests of Lithuania and elsewhere.

When you put your troops on the ground under other nations command there in the forests, you are making a statement of unity, he said.

Speaking earlier on Wednesday on a visit to Germany, Mattis also said that Russian leader Vladimir Putin was making mischief beyond Russian borders.

He noted that the US was planning to spend an extra $1.8 billion on its forces in Europe next year.

Beyond any words in the newspapers, you can judge America by such actions, he added, referring to doubts on Americas commitment to Nato joint defence that stemmed from US president Donald Trumps flip-flopping comments on the issue.

The US commitment to our Nato Article 5 security guarantee is ironclad, Mattis said.

Mattis also noted that 39,000 European allies had fought with US soldiers in Afghanistan at the height of the conflict prompted by the 9/11 attack in New York.

The Nato presence in Afghanistan is now just 13,500 soldiers who are working to train native forces.

Nato ministers agreed to send more troops to the country on Thursday amid reports that Russia has begun arming the Taliban to cause problems for the US-led effort.

Looking back on it, its pretty much a consensus that we may have pulled our troops out too rapidly, reduced the numbers a little too rapidly, Mattis said.

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Nato's Russia-deterrent force 'fully operational' - EUobserver

NATO Announces Deployment of More Troops to Afghanistan – Wall Street Journal (subscription)


Wall Street Journal (subscription)
NATO Announces Deployment of More Troops to Afghanistan
Wall Street Journal (subscription)
BRUSSELSThe North Atlantic Treaty Organization announced Thursday it would send additional forces to Afghanistan, as the visiting U.S. defense secretary discussed broad outlines of Washington's approach to curb the rising tide of violence in the ...

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NATO Announces Deployment of More Troops to Afghanistan - Wall Street Journal (subscription)

Mattis accuses Putin of ‘mischief,’ reaffirms US commitment to NATO – New York Post

Defense Secretary James Mattis accused Russian President Vladimir Putin of making international mischief and reassured allies that the US commitment to NATO is resolute, according to a report on Wednesday.

Saying Russia is challenging the secure and peaceful post-war order, Mattis said Putins making mischief beyond Russian borders will not restore their fortunes or rekindle their hope, apparently referring to the Kremlins meddling in the 2016 presidential election and its involvement in Ukraine, Agence France-Presse reported on Wednesday.

Mattis, a former four-star Marine Corps general, made the comments during an address to German students on the 70th anniversary of the Marshall Plan that rebuilt Europe after World War II. It was his fourth trip to Germany since becoming defense secretary.

He also said the US commitment to Article 5 of the NATO alliance, which says an attack on one member is an attack on all members, is iron-clad.

Mattis highlighted President Trumps request for an increase in the European Reassurance Initiative, a program to improve the readiness of forces in Europe, to $4.8 billion this year from $3.4 billion last year.

Beyond any words in the newspapers, you can judge America by such actions, Mattis said.

He reassured NATO members after some began distancing themselves from the US after Trump during a summit in May lectured them for not paying their fair share for military protection and failed to fully endorse Article 5.

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Mattis accuses Putin of 'mischief,' reaffirms US commitment to NATO - New York Post

The NSA Confronts a Problem of Its Own Making – The Atlantic

It is hard to imagine more fitting names for code-gone-bad than WannaCry and Eternal Blue. Those are just some of the computer coding vulnerabilities pilfered from the National Security Agencys super-secret stockpile that have been used in two separate global cyber attacks in recent weeks. An attack on Tuesday featuring Eternal Blue was the second of these to use stolen NSA cyber toolsdisrupting everything from radiation monitoring at Chernobyl to shipping operations in India. Fort Meades trove of coding weaknesses is designed to give the NSA an edge. Instead, its giving the NSA heartburn. And its not going away any time soon.

As with most intelligence headlines, the story is complicated, filled with good intentions and unintended consequences. Home to the nations codebreakers and cyber spies, the NSA is paid to intercept communications of foreign adversaries. One way is by hunting for hidden vulnerabilities in the computer code powering Microsoft Windows and and all sorts of other products and services that connect us to the digital world. Its a rich hunting ground. The rule of thumb is that one vulnerability can be found in about every 2,500 lines of code. Given that an Android phone uses 12 million lines of code, were talking a lot of vulnerabilities. Some are easy to find. Others are really hard. Companies are so worried about vulnerabilities that manyincluding Facebook and Microsoftpay bug bounties to anyone who finds one and tells the company about it before alerting the world. Bug bounties can stretch into the hundreds of thousands of dollars.

Writing the Rules of Cyberwar

The NSA, which employs more mathematicians than any organization on Earth, has been collecting these vulnerabilities. The agency often shares the weaknesses they find with American manufacturers so they can be patched. But not always. As NSA Director Mike Rogers told a Stanford audience in 2014,the default setting is if we become aware of a vulnerability, we share it, but then added, There are some instances where we are not going to do that. Critics contend thats tantamount to saying, In most cases we administer our special snake bite anti-venom that saves the patient. But not always.

In this case, a shadowy group called the Shadow Brokers (really, you cant make these names up) posted part of the NSAs collection online, and now its O.K. Corral time in cyberspace. Tuesdays attacks are just the beginning. Once bad code is in the wild, it never really goes away. Generally speaking, the best approach is patching. But most of us are terrible about clicking on those updates, which means there are always victimslots of themfor cyber bad guys to shoot at.

WannaCry and Eternal Blue must be how folks inside the NSA are feeling these days. Americas secret-keepers are struggling to keep their secrets. For the National Security Agency, this new reality must hit especially hard. For years, the agency was so cloaked in secrecy, officials refused to acknowledge its existence. People inside the Beltway joked that NSA stood for No Such Agency. When I visited NSA headquarters shortly after the Snowden revelations, one public-affairs officer said the job used to entail watching the phones ring and not commenting to reporters.

Now, the NSA finds itself confronting two wicked problemsone technical, the other human. The technical problem boils down to this: Is it ever possible to design technologies to be secure against everyone who wants to breach them except the good guys? Many government officials say yes, or at least no, but In this view, weakening security just a smidge to give law-enforcement and intelligence officials an edge is worth it. Thats the basic idea behind the NSAs vulnerability collection: If we found a vulnerability, and we alone can use it, we get the advantage. Sounds good, except for the part about we alone can use it, which turns out to be, well, dead wrong.

Thats essentially what the FBI argued when it tried to force Apple to design a new way to breach its own products so that special agents could access the iPhone of Syed Rizwan Farook, the terrorist who, along with his wife, killed 14 people in San Bernardino. Law-enforcement and intelligence agencies always want an edge, and there is a public interest in letting them have it.

As former FBI Director James Comey put it, There will come a dayand it comes every day in this businesswhere it will matter a great deal to innocent people that we in law enforcement cant access certain types of data or information, even with legal authorization.

Many leading cryptographers (the geniuses who design secure communications systems) and some senior intelligence officials say that a technical backdoor for one is a backdoor for all. If theres a weakness in the security of a device or system, anyone can eventually exploit it. It may be hard, it may take time, it may take a team of crack hackers, but the math doesnt lie. Its nice to imagine that the FBI and NSA are the only ones who can exploit coding vulnerabilities for the good of the nation. Its also nice to imagine that Im the only person my teenage kids listen to. Nice isnt the same thing as true. Former NSA Director Mike Hayden publicly broke with many of his former colleagues last year. I disagree with Jim Comey, Hayden said. I know encryption represents a particular challenge for the FBI. ... But on balance, I actually think it creates greater security for the American nation than the alternative: a backdoor.

Hayden and others argue that digital security is good for everyone. If people dont trust their devices and systems, they just wont use them. And for all the talk that security improvements will lock out U.S. intelligence agencies, that hasnt happened in the 40 years of this raging debate. Thats right. 40 years. Back in 1976, during the first crypto war, one of my Stanford colleagues, Martin Hellman, nearly went to jail over this dispute. His crime: publishing his academic research that became the foundational technology used to protect electronic communications. Back then, some NSA officials feared that securing communications would make it harder for them to penetrate adversaries systems. They were right, of courseit did get harder. But instead of going dark, U.S. intelligence officials have been going smart, finding new ways to gather information about the capabilities and intentions of bad guys through electronic means.

The NSAs second wicked problem is humans. All the best security clearance procedures in the world cannot eliminate the risk of an insider threat. The digital era has supersized the damage that one person can inflict. Pre-internet, traitors had to sneak into files, snap pictures with hidden mini-cameras, and smuggle documents out of secure buildings in their pant legs or a tissue box. Edward Snowden could download millions of pages onto a thumb drive with some clicks and clever social engineering, all from the comfort of his own desktop.

There are no easy solutions to either the technical or human challenge the NSA now faces. Tuesdays global cyber attack is a sneak preview of the movie known as our lives forever after.

Talk about WannaCry.

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The NSA Confronts a Problem of Its Own Making - The Atlantic

Posted in NSA

Utah judge orders NSA to provide documents and data on 2002 … – Salt Lake Tribune

In January, Shelby rejected an attempt by the Department of Justice to dismiss the case.

In late May, a declaration by former NSA official Thomas A. Drake, affirming the allegations, was forwarded by Anderson to Justice Department attorneys.

Drake's statement contradicted assertions by Michael Hayden, the former director of the NSA, that said neither the President's Surveillance Program (PSP) nor any other NSA intelligence-gathering activity was involved in indiscriminate and wholesale surveillance in Salt Lake City or other Olympic venues during the 2002 Winter Games.

"I have reviewed the declaration of Michael V. Hayden dated March 8, 2017," Drake's statement said. "As a result of personal knowledge I gained as a long-time contractor and then senior executive (1989-2008) of the NSA, I know the statements made by Hayden in that declaration are false or, if not literally false, substantially misleading."

The NSA has the capability to seize and store electronic communications passing through U.S. intercept centers, according to the statement from Drake.

After Sept. 11, 2001, "the NSA's new approach was that the president had the authority to override the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA) and the Bill of Rights, and the NSA worked under the authority of the president," Drake said. "The new mantra to intercepting intelligence was 'just get it' regardless of the law."

Additional information on the NSA's intelligence-gathering came to light in 2013 when Edward Snowden, a contractor working for the agency, revealed to the Guardian newspaper the scope of U.S. and British global surveillance programs.

csmart@sltrib.com

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Utah judge orders NSA to provide documents and data on 2002 ... - Salt Lake Tribune

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NSA director frustrated Trump won’t accept Russia interfered in election: report – The Hill

National Security Agency (NSA) Director Mike Rogers is frustrated that he has not yet convincedPresident Trump thatU.S. intelligence indicatesRussia interferedin the 2016 presidential election, CNN reported Wednesday.

Rogers vented frustration over his fruitlessefforts to lawmakers during a recent closed-door briefing on Capitol Hill,a congressional source familiar with the meeting told the news network.

The intelligence community continues to brief the president on new informationon Russia's election involvementas itcomes to light.

An intelligence official told CNN that while Trump does not seem less engaged when being briefed on the matter, he has expressed frustration outside of the briefings that too much attention is being paid to the ongoing probe into Russia's interference in the election.

Russia, as well as other countries such as China, Iran and North Korea are consideredpotential threats by U.S. intelligence.

CNN reported that other top administration officials have also tried to emphasize the importance of a foreign nation attempting to meddle in the U.S. elections.

The president has taken to social mediato criticize formerPresident Barack ObamaBarack ObamaOvernight Energy: Trump vows to bring American energy dominance Fox News anchor rips RNC chair for defending Trump attack on Brzezinski CBO: Debt ceiling will be hit in October MORE after a bombshell report by The Washington Post revealed his predecessor was briefed about Russia's activities in August 2016 and was slow to respond.

"I just heard today for the first time that Obama knew about Russia a long time before the election, and he did nothing about it," Trump told Fox News in an interview that aired Sunday. "To me -- in other words -- the question is, if he had the information, why didn't he do something about it? He should have done something about it."

Trump has also repeatedly called the ongoing probe into Russia and possible ties between the Kremlin and hiscampaign a "witch hunt."

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NSA director frustrated Trump won't accept Russia interfered in election: report - The Hill

Posted in NSA

NSA Warrantless Surveillance Aided Turks After Attack, Officials Say – New York Times

But the witnesses sidestepped Mr. Grahams question, saying only that they were working on his request. That provoked an angry intervention from the committee chairman, Senator Charles E. Grassley, Republican of Iowa, who banged his gavel and told Mr. Graham, his voice rising, I want you to proceed until you get an answer.

Mr. Graham eventually ended his questioning without getting one. But later in the hearing, Senator Richard J. Durbin, Democrat of Illinois, suggested that the senators emotion at the thought that their government could invade their privacy and use the information against them was just part of the bigger picture.

What about the privacy of the Americans who are not in this room? he asked.

The warrantless surveillance program traces back to President George W. Bushs Stellarwind program, introduced after the Sept. 11, 2001, attacks. Stellarwind permitted the National Security Agency to wiretap Americans international phone calls without the court orders required by the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act, or FISA, of 1978.

After it came to light, Congress legalized a form of the program in 2008 with the FISA Amendments Act. It permits the government to collect, from American internet or phone providers and without warrants, the communications of foreigners abroad who have been targeted for any foreign intelligence purpose even when they are talking to Americans.

Privacy advocates want Congress, as part of any bill extending the law, to require warrants before officials may use Americans identifiers, like their email addresses, to search the repository of messages previously collected by the program. But Stuart J. Evans, a top intelligence official at the Justice Department, testified on Tuesday that imposing such a limit would grind the entire FISA process to a halt because investigators need to quickly search a large volume of such queries to process leads, and because such queries are typically undertaken at an early stage, when investigators have not yet found evidence to establish probable cause of wrongdoing.

Several lawmakers also pressed the officials about a decision by Dan Coats, the director of national intelligence, to shelve an N.S.A. effort to estimate how much incidental collection of Americans information the program sweeps up. Bradley Brooker, the acting general counsel to Mr. Coats, said that systematically determining who is using email accounts that are not of foreign intelligence interest would invade peoples privacy and divert resources.

To underscore their message that the program is too valuable to curtail, Mr. Brooker and other officials disclosed several additional examples where the program had been useful. They included detecting an unidentified country that was smuggling goods in violation of sanctions, and finding someone in Western Europe who was talking to a member of the Islamic State about purchasing material to build a suicide belt.

Mr. Ghattas said the government had used the program to investigate Shawn Parson, a Trinidadian social media propagandist for the Islamic State whose network distributed prolific amounts of English-language recruiting pitches and calls for attacks before he was killed in Syria in August 2015.

The F.B.I. had been investigating Mr. Parson since October 2013 based on his online postings, Mr. Ghattas said, and information it shared from that collection with unspecified allies had helped them identify other Islamic State supporters and had potentially prevented attacks in those countries.

Follow Charlie Savage on Twitter @charlie_savage.

A version of this article appears in print on June 28, 2017, on Page A14 of the New York edition with the headline: Up-and-Down Hearing On Surveillance Program.

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NSA Warrantless Surveillance Aided Turks After Attack, Officials Say - New York Times

Posted in NSA

NSA-linked tools help power second global ransomware outbreak – Politico

The seals of the U.S. Cyber Command, the National Security Agency and the Central Security Service are pictured outside the campus the three organizations share in Fort Meade, Maryland. | Getty

By Eric Geller

06/27/2017 12:16 PM EDT

Updated 06/27/2017 05:49 PM EDT

A potent ransomware attack has gripped organizations around the world for the second time in less than two months.

And like the first outbreak in mid-May which claimed hundreds of thousands victims in a game-changing cyberattack Tuesday's outburst is spreading via a Microsoft flaw originally exposed in a leak of apparent NSA hacking tools.

Story Continued Below

The latest malicious software battered companies in Russia, Ukraine and many other countries in Europe, according to cybersecurity researchers, sending law enforcement officials scrambling and sparking fears about how the world would contain the outbreak of the malware, which locks up computer systems and demands ransom payments.

While the U.S. has been largely unscathed to this point, major multinational energy, shipping, banking, pharmaceutical and law firms, as well as government agencies, have confirmed they are fighting off cyberattacks.

Security firm Kaspersky Lab estimated it had seen 2,000 victims, and counting, throughout the day. While the estimate is significantly lower than the massive numbers tied to May's attack which relied on malware dubbed WannaCry some researchers noted technical details of the new malware that might make it harder to kill.

Researchers have also not yet linked the latest attack to any specific hacking group or nation-state, unlike May's digital ambush, which technical specialists and reportedly intelligence officials in the U.S. and U.K. traced to North Korean-backed hackers.

But security specialists have been warning for weeks that the recent WannaCry ransomware virus was only the beginning of these fast-spreading digital sieges.

WannaCry was powered by a variant of apparent NSA cyber weapons that were dumped online, raising questions about whether the secretive hacking agency should sit on such powerful tools instead of alerting companies like Microsoft to the deficiencies in their software.

Experts say hackers have likely been working to tweak the WannaCry malware, potentially allowing new versions to skirt the digital defenses that helped stall the first global assault.

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Indeed, the virus that proliferated Tuesday shares many similarities with WannaCry, but contains some striking differences.

For starters, Tuesday's virus proliferated using the same Microsoft Windows flaw as WannaCry, according to digital security firms Symantec and Bitdefender Labs. But researchers noted the malware is also capable of hopping around using multiple Microsoft flaws, not just the most famous one exposed in the online dump of the purported NSA cyber weapons.

Additionally, like WannaCry, this new malware demands that victims pay a ransom using the digital currency Bitcoin before their files can be unlocked. As of Tuesday evening, 32 victims had paid a ransom, with the number steadily climbing.

Unlike WannaCry, however, the rapidly spreading malware does not merely encrypt files as part of its ransom scheme. Rather, it changes critical system files so that the computer becomes unresponsive, according to John Miller, a senior manager for analysis at the security firm FireEye, which reviewed the malware.

Some researchers identified the infection as a novel variation of the so-called Petya malware, which has been around since 2016. But researchers at Kaspersky believe it is a totally new strain they are dubbing ExPetr.

A sample of the malware initially went undetected by nearly all antivirus software.

The digital weapon cloaks itself as a file that Microsoft has already approved as safe, helping it avoid detection, Costin Raiu, director of global research efforts at Kaspersky, said on Twitter.

The malware was written on June 18, according to a sample that Kaspersky has analyzed.

Most of the infections on Tuesday were in Ukraine, with Russia the next hardest hit, according to Kasperskys analysis. Russia was also a major victim during the WannaCry outbreak. Raiu told POLITICO that Belarus, Brazil, Estonia, the Netherlands, Turkey and the United States were also affected, but that those countries accounted for less than 1 percent of all victims.

A Department of Homeland Security spokesman said the agency was "monitoring reports" of the ransomware campaign and coordinating with international authorities.

Researchers suspect that Ukraine became the nexus of the outburst after companies using a popular tax program unknowingly downloaded an update that contained the ransomware. From there, the virus could have spread beyond those companies using various flaws in Windows.

The ransomware eruption may be responsible for several major cyber incidents that began Tuesday.

The global shipping and logistics firm Maersk which is based in Denmark confirmed that it was dealing with a intrusion affecting "multiple sites and business units." And the Russian oil company Rosneft said it was responding to "a massive hacker attack."

Ukraine's central bank and its capital city's main airport also said they were dealing with cyberattacks. The virus appeared to be hitting the country's government computers as well.

The cyberattack also forced the Ukraine-based Chernobyl nuclear power plant to revert to manual radiation monitoring, according to a Ukrainian journalist citing the country's state news service.

Elsewhere, the German pharmaceutical giant Merck said its network was compromised in the outbreak and that it was still investigating the incident.

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But the U.S. has been largely spared so far.

The American Gas Association said in a statement that no U.S. natural gas utilities have reported infections.

However, in Pennsylvania, the Heritage Valley Health System which operates two hospitals and 60 physician offices said it was grappling with a cyberattack. The incident is widespread and is affecting the entire health system, said spokeswoman Suzanne Sakson.

Multinational law firm DLA Piper was also experiencing computer and phone outages in multiple offices, including in Washington, D.C. The company did not respond to a request for comment.

But a photo shared with POLITICO showed a sign outside the firm's Washington office that read, "All network services are down, do not turn on your computers! Please remove all laptops from docking stations and keep turned off. No exceptions."

DLA Pipers secure document storage system for clients also went down, though the firm may have done that as a precaution. A bit stressed at moment as I am unsure if our docs there are safe, one client told POLITICO.

Tim Starks contributed to this report.

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NSA-linked tools help power second global ransomware outbreak - Politico

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Alleged NSA Leaker Reality Winner Appears in Federal Court, Trial … – NBCNews.com

Lawyers gather in court for the NSA contractor accused in top secret leak, Reality Winner, on June 27. Richard Miller

Attorney Titus Nichols told reporters outside court Tuesday afternoon that the discussion over the order centered on both sides knowing the rules of engagement regarding any potentially classified information.

That way if there is any type of information that is classified at any level, that everyone knows what the rules of engagement will be, so there is not going to be a risk of accidental release of information and definitely not going to be any intentional release of information thats classified, he said.

Prosecutor Jennifer Solari said during the hearing that a note pad with handwriting in Farsi was being reviewed and translated. Nichols told reporters after the hearing that the defense had not seen the notebook and thus was not able to discuss anything about it at the time.

Prosecutors are also examining two computers, hard drives, a tablet and four phones seized from Winner. They agreed to have all evidence discovery filed by August 25.

Nichols added that Winner was maintaining pretty well and that every conversation he had had with her has been positive, as his client remains in jail awaiting her trial.

Earlier this month,

Terry Pickard reported from Augusta, Georgia, and Daniella Silva reported from New York.

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Purdue, sheriffs association launch next phase of naloxone initiative – The Advocate

Photo: Michael Cummo / Hearst Connecticut Media

Purdue Pharma is headquartered at 201 Tresser Blvd., in downtown Stamford, Conn.

Purdue Pharma is headquartered at 201 Tresser Blvd., in downtown Stamford, Conn.

Purdue, sheriffs association launch next phase of naloxone initiative

STAMFORD Purdue Pharma and the National Sheriffs Association announced this week the second round of a partnership that gives officers across the country overdose kits and training for the naloxone drug, which can reverse opioid overdoses.

NSA officials credit the Purdue-funded initiative with helping to save some 120 lives since its late 2015 pilot-phase launch. In the first stage, NSA officers distributed 500 naloxone kits to 12 local law enforcement agencies in several states.

The program has also allowed NSA to reach more than 600 deputies and officers through on-site training at nine law enforcement agencies across the country.

Purdue remains committed to combating opioid abuse and equipping our communities with the tools and resources they need to do so, Gail Cawkwell, Purdues chief medical officer, said in a statement. We are motivated by the results weve seen since the launch of the pilot program and are proud to continue our partnership with NSA.

Purdue, whose drugs include the opioid OxyContin, has contributed $850,000 so far to the initiative and $500,000 will support the next phase. The NSA plans to provide during the next year the Narcan nasal spray brand of naloxone and training to at least 50 law enforcement agencies across the country.

Law enforcement officers know firsthand the impact that the right tools can have in saving lives within our communities, Sheriff Keith Cain, NSA board member and chairman of the NSAs Drug Enforcement Committee, said in a statement. NSA has identified naloxone as one of the most effective weapons in our arsenal for combatting opioid overdose, and we are continuing our work to train law enforcement and implement effective solutions on a national scale.

The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services has also endorsed naloxone.

Since 1999, the national rate of overdose deaths involving opioids including prescription drugs and heroin nearly quadrupled, and more than 165,000 people have died from prescription opioid overdoses, according to an HHS factsheet.

In a May report on the initiative, the NSA pointed to the need for a comprehensive strategy for tackling the opioid epidemic that includes raising awareness about its impact and solutions that help those affected by the crisis.

We need to have a pointed discussion that regularly and openly identifies what works, what doesn't, and where communities can go for solutions, NSA officials wrote in the report. Right now, we need to come together as a country to figure out what is already working and what we can do to implement these solutions on a national scale.

While NSA praised Purdue for its support of the naloxone program, the Stamford-based pharmaceutical company also faces a wave of litigation alleging it made false claims about OxyContin that fueled the opioid crisis. During the past month, Ohios attorney general and a group of district attorneys general in Tennessee have filed such complaints. Purdue has denied those lawsuits allegations.

pschott@scni.com; 203-964-2236; twitter: @paulschott

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Purdue, sheriffs association launch next phase of naloxone initiative - The Advocate

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