Can Libertarian Cliff Hyra Make a Dent in the Virginia Governor’s … – Reason

Cliff Hyra has a ready answer for anyone who thinks being governor is not an entry-level job: Roughly one-fourth of the country's current governors started their political careers that way. One of them, in fact, serves as governor of Virginia. (Whether Terry McAuliffe qualifies as an argument for gubernatorial neophytes or against them is an open question.)

Wisely, Hyrathe Libertarian Party's candidate for governor of Virginia this yeardoes not bring up another example of a novice: Donald Trump, who holds the most important elected position in the world without any prior political experience. Trump's approval ratings in Virginia continue to dangle below 40 percent.

But Trump does neuter arguments Libertarians often confront, such as the notion that people will not vote for a political outsider. And the criticism that Libertarian candidates are ill-prepared for officea stereotype Libertarian presidential candidate Gary Johnson reinforced last year with his infamous Aleppo Moment. That was embarrassing, but Trump makes Johnson look like a walking encyclopedia.

The Trump era also confounds other received wisdom, such as the supposed immutability of ideological groups. A recent Cato Institute study on "The 5 Types of Trump Voters" finds that almost 20 percent hold essentially progressive views on economic and social issues. Some of the fiercest Trump critics, on the other hand, are traditional conservatives of the National Review variety. "Never-Trump Republicans" make up a significant segment of the political populace.

This has led to a fair amount of speculation about a potential re-alignment of America's political parties. Libertarians, who generally sound like Republicans on economics and Democrats on social issues, should be able to benefit from such a realignment by forming a coalition from both parties who favor limited government across a broad swath of issues.

Nice theory, anyway. It hasn't worked out so well in practice. ("Just like libertarianism itself!" cackle Statler and Waldorf from the Muppet Show balcony.) Even in elections where Libertarians have had a chance to break into the big leagues because the two major-party candidates turned off so many voters, they have come up short.

It happened last year, when Johnsona former Republican and two-time governorreceived only 3 percent of the vote. And it happened four years ago, when Libertarian gubernatorial candidate Robert Sarvis won 6.5 percent of the vote for governor of Virginia against McAuliffe and the GOP's Ken Cuccinelli.

If Libertarians can't break 10 percent (or even five) in elections like those, it's hard to see how they can make a bigger splash any other time. Which isn't to say the party is doomed to irrelevance. New Hampshire now has three sitting Libertarians in the state legislature. And even candidates who have no chance of winning can still make an impact by steering public discourse down different avenues. Just ask Bernie Sanders.

Yet Sanders was no neophyte. He was an established politician offering an alternative to dissatisfied party loyalists. Virginians already have had two of those this year: Tom Perriello on the left and Corey Stewart on the right. Periello carried the Sanders flag in the Democratic primary and got trounced. Stewart, a Trumpian to the core, carried the Confederate flag in the GOP primary and almost won.

That is bad news for the Virginia GOP, but it could be worse news for Hyrawho, on his campaign website, describes himself as "socially inclusive." In his acceptance speech at the Libertarian Party nominating event, Hyra also stressed the virtues of "unlimted freedom and"please note"respect."

Social inclusion and respect were not exactly high among Stewart's campaign themes. And Republicans who are turned off by the Stewart wing of the party can simply vote for their establishment nominee, Ed Gillespie.

Still, Hyra is performing a signal service simply by running. Like Sarvis before him, he is palpably smart, with an undergrad degree in aerospace engineering and a career as an intellectual-property lawyer.

He is straight-laced, which can only do good for the Libertarian Party's image. And he thinks people are tired of partisan rancor, and therefore might be open to someone who focuses on "ideas, not teams or tribal affiliation." He is "not an ideologue by an means," he says. "Incrementalism is sort of my calling card... I don't worry about privatizing the roads." If a policy works, then "we should be open to it."

Hyra has crafted a platform tailored to promote innovation and economic growth: End the state's BPOL tax, which applies to the first dollar of business revenue, rather than the first dollar of profit. Repeal certain occupational licensing requirements. Cut personal income taxes. Expand charter schools. Repeal the Certificate of Public Need regime in health care. Legalize marijuana. Roll back regulations that hinder the growth of the food and beverage industry.

And focus on respect. "Respect is at the heart of libertarianism," he said in an interview on Wednesday: Just because you think someone else is wrong doesn't mean you should impose your will on them. It's important, Hyra says, to have "respect for people no matter how different they are."

That's a message Virginians probably respect in turn. Whether the regard translates into votes, however, could be a different story.

This column originally appeared in the Richmond Times-Dispatch.

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Can Libertarian Cliff Hyra Make a Dent in the Virginia Governor's ... - Reason

Cuban Libertarians Detained Again! – The Libertarian Republic

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By Zach Foster

At least 7 Cuban Libertarian Party members and activists were arrested over the weekend. Among those arrested were the national president Caridad Ramirez, national spokesman Nelson Rodriguez Chartrand, and Alexis Muoz Jimenez, the regional president for Camaguey province.

This mass arrest was carried out in order to keep the Cuban Libertarians both in Camaguey province and the Havana federal district from attending the trial of imprisoned libertarian activists Ubaldo Herrera and Manuel Velazquez.

Caridad and many other activists awoke to find the police surrounding the private home which serves as headquarters for the Cuban Libertarian Party and the Mises-Mambi Institute. The police were also surrounding the headquarters in Camaguey province, arresting anyone who left the buildings or tried to approach. Nelson and Alexis were arrested in Camaguey last weekend, and the local libertarians regrouped with other dissidents and led a protest in front of the local police station. The two men were freed shortly after, and the authorities likely wanted to nip any further shows of strength in the bud.

All 7 people detained were arrested specifically for attempting to attend the trial of Ubaldo Herrera and Manuel Velazquez. Ubaldo and Manuel were arrested by State Security and the National Revolutionary Police under the false charge of attempted assault of a police officer. They have been languishing in conditions unfit for humanity at the Melena del Sur labor prison. Their trial began today with the stakes being at least 1 charge of distributing enemy propaganda, and a hard labor prison sentence of up to 7 years.

In addition to Caridad, Nelson, and Alexis being arrested, the Cuban political police came after several other key members. They arrested Yanet Padrn, the partys secretary and youngest member,Eduardo Ramos Balaguer, who appeared in a recent viral video testifying that his brother was being held hostage in the prison system for ransom, member Israel Reyes Montero,Miguel Lopez Santos, who appeared protesting against Cubas deployment of troops to Venezuela in a photo that went viral yesterday; and an elderly member named Rosa who was also in the image protesting.

As of the early evening of July 7, 5 of the 7 detained libertarians were released. Miguel Lopez Santos and Israel Reyes Montero are still in custody in Havana. These 7 Mises-Mambi Institute activists, like Ubaldo and Manuel, are being persecuted for preaching the wrong ideas. You can report this abuse of civil liberties, and the ongoing human rights violations at Melena del Sur, to Amnesty International on Twitter (tweet to @AIMexico AND @amnistiaespana). You can also send a more detailed report on Facebook to @AmnistiaAmericas, and protest directly to the Cuban governments ministry of foreign relations @CubaMINREX.

Despite what these Libertarians in Cuba are up against, the Mises-Mambi Institute will be publishing a brand-new Spanish translation of Rothbards work later this summer. Itll be the first of a line of unique and original books from the Mises-Mambi Institute, which the Cuban Libertarian activists will distribute throughout the island. Cubas Libertarians are proudly continuing the work of Murray Rothbard and Ron Paul, right under Raul Castros nose.

Alexis Muoz JimenezCaridad RamirezCuban Libertarian PartyEduardo Ramos BalaguerIsrael Reyes MonteroManuel VelazquezMiguel Lopez SantosNelson Rodriguez ChartrandUbaldo HerreraYanet Padrn

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Cuban Libertarians Detained Again! - The Libertarian Republic

Some areas of the Toronto Islands will be closed all summer, officials say – Toronto Star

The Toronto Islands have been closed to visitors all summer after high water levels caused massive flooding.( Rick Madonik / Toronto Star ) | Order this photo

By Emma McIntoshStaff Reporter

Mon., July 10, 2017

Centreville is considering extending its season into the fall after the city announced Monday that some sections of the Toronto Islands will stay closed all summer while others will reopen at the end of the month.

Sections of Centre Island, where the amusement park is located, will be shut down until further notice, along with other popular destinations like Olympic Island, Gibraltar Point and Hanlans Point.

For the businesses on the islands that rely on the busy summer season, such closures make a huge impact, said Centreville spokesperson Shawnda Walker.

Were ready to go and weve been ready to go for more than three weeks now, as far as waters concerned, Walker said. Were just sitting here, waiting.

In a statement Monday, the City of Toronto said other sections of the islands will re-open to the public on July 31 a date that could be pushed back if weather conditions intervene. Centreville, which is celebrating its 50th anniversary this year, hopes to be reopened by that date.

Toronto Island Park has been closed to the public since early May, when heavy rainfall caused widespread flooding on the islands in what the city called a 100-year event. Monday, the city said water levels on Lake Ontario are receding slower than expected.

The city said businesses are missing out on as many 20,000 daily visitors during the summer closure.

City council also voted to stop collecting rent and licence fees from island residents and licence holders until the full scale of the floods financial impact is known.

Even if the amusement park does re-open before summers end, not all of its beloved features will be back in time.

The animals in the Far Enough Farm petting zoo will likely stay put at their temporary home northwest of Toronto in Schomberg, Ont., where they were moved during the flooding. Their barns were submerged in water, and some pens are still soggy, said Walker.

By the time we get everything rebuilt itll be too late, she said.

Parts of the tracks for the train ride, as well, only just stopped being underwater. Itll likely have to be completely rebuilt.

Thankfully, said Walker, thats the only ride that was affected, and everything else aside from the waterlogged grandstand will be ready whenever visitors arrive.

Though a few season pass-holders have called to ask if theyll be refunded, Walker said park officials will figure that out once theyre able to open. When they get an idea of how much business is coming in and how many boats are running to the island, theyll also decide whether theyll stay open until October.

For now, Walker said shes expecting about three to four days notice before the park will be able to re-open. Though she said shes hopeful theyll get the all-clear on July 31, it would be better if the go-ahead arrives even sooner.

We thought we were going to be open three weeks ago, she said. Im really hoping its going to be earlier.

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As water encroaches, Toronto Islands are haunting

Photos: Toronto Islands virtually a ghost town as flooding persists

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Some areas of the Toronto Islands will be closed all summer, officials say - Toronto Star

10 incredible tropical islands you can rent from just 240 – and you’ll have them all to yourself – Mirror.co.uk

Imagine lying on a white sandy beach overlooking turquoise ocean waters, sipping on cocktails and basking in the sunshine, far away from the stress and bustle of daily life on your very own tropical island.

Sound ideal? Well, it's about to get a whole lot easier to make that fantasy come true!

We've teamed up with HomeToGo.co.uk to search out some of the best private islands you can rent to yourself, across luxurious locations from the Bahamas to the Philippines.

The best part is you won't need a millionaire's budget.

With prices starting from 240 it could be the perfect excuse to finally bag that luxury holiday you've always dreamed of - or it could make for a seriously amazing honeymoon destination.

Check out the amazing offering below - and find out how you can book your stay...

If you're after more amazing holiday inspiration, make sure to also check out our luxury holidays page .

Check out of reality and into paradise when you book this private island vacation rental on Bird Island in Belize.

The island is located in the middle of a coral reef with unbeatable marine life, crystal clear waters, and beautiful weather year round.

The house can hold up to four guests, and has a host of amenities including a fire pit and BBQ for laidback dining, three bedrooms, a fully equipped kitchen and two sundecks overlooking the turqouise waters.

How much? Prices start from 340 ($435 ) a night. Click here for booking information .

Cheap flights: You can bag return flights to Belize from 617.57 on Expedia , with a host of UK airports including London Gatwick, Edinburgh and Manchester.

Sit back, relax and bask in the Caribbean sun with a stay at this quaint cottage on Ship Channel Cay.

You won't need to lift a finger during your trip as the island has a full-time service team who can take you on guided boat tours or cook your dinner, so you can truly disconnect from every day life.

Take a stroll along the pink sandy beaches, explore one of the island's spectacular nature trails, or spend a lazy afternoon on you private beach away from the crowds.

How much? Prices start from 350 ($450) a night. Click here for booking information .

Cheap flights: British Airways has direct return flights to the Bahamas from 649 .

Although it's just a short drive from Hilton Head, this private island plantation seems a world away from that bustling resort area.

Take a step off the beaten path into South Carolina's Lowcountry, where you can enjoy 150 acres of unspoiled nature.

How much? Prices start from 240 ($307) a night. Click here for booking information .

Cheap flights: There are no direct flights to South Carolina from the UK, but you can find seats from 393 each way on Cheapflights.co.uk .

Ideal for an exotic getaway, Ipil Waterfront is hidden in the heart of Palawan, an archipelago comprising 1,780 islands in the Philippines.

It's the epitome of paradise with fine white sand beaches, crystalline blue waters, colourful tropical fish, jaw-dropping corals, lusciously green forests and towering limestone cliffs.

Meanwhile, the three-bedrooom villa has its own private beaches, and thanks to the large windows and high ceilings it boasts unparalleled views of the ocean and landscape.

How much? Prices start from 620 ($801) a night. Click here for booking information .

Cheap flights: You can find return flights from 326 with one stopover on Kayak.co.uk .

Located on the remote Big Farmers Cay, this hidden gem is the perfect island escape.

You won't be stuck for things to do, with kayaking, fishing, snorkeling and windsurfing just some of the options on offer.

There's some incredible wildlife on the island too: go swimming with wild pigs, turtles and stingrays, and look out for iguanas.

Meanwhile the luxurious three-bedroom house has its own private beach and unrivalled views of the breathtaking landscape, but if you are looking for somewhere a bit vibrant for dinner then it's just a short walk to the nearby Ty's Sunset Bar & Grill.

How much? Prices start from 555 ($720) a night. Click here for booking information .

Cheap flights: British Airways has direct return flights to the Bahamas from 649 .

This beautiful, private island log cottage sits on Lake of the Isles, which is renowned for its unusually warm water temperatures.

After a day of swimming, guests can unwind on the wrap around deck while they enjoy stunning 360-degree waterfront views.

This gorgeous home has everything you could want including a natural stone hot tub, satellite TV, outdoor stereo speaker system, water treatment system, as well as luxurious furnishings including 6 beds, leather & log cabin style sofas.

How much? Prices start from 470 ($604) a night. Click here for booking information .

Cheap flights: TripAdvisor has a host of cheap flights to New York available from 357 .

Perfectly situated in the heart of the Florida Keys and just a short, three-minute boat ride from the mainland, East Sister Rock Island is the perfect tropical escape.

The house has three bedrooms and two baths, and has 19 sliding glass doors that offer the best views and ocean breeze from every part of the house.

For a very billionaire-worthy entrance, guests can also arrive by helicopter as the rental features its very own launch pad!

How much? Prices start from 1,250 ($1,613) a night. Click here for booking information .

Cheap flights: You can bag seats from 321 on TripAdvisor including a departures from a host of UK airports such as Bristol, London, Norwich, Leeds and Edinburgh.

This multi-million dollar cottage sits atop a 4-acre private island in Ontario's Muskoka Lakes Region, and boasts 6 bedrooms and bathrooms.

It makes for the ultimate beach break, as the private beach has everything including its own bar, campfire, picnic table and hammock, as well as plenty of beach toys and sports equipment (canoes, kayaks and a paddle board).

Meanwhile, its open lake views makes for some seriously breathtaking backdrops especially at sunset time.

How much? Prices start from 1,900 ($2,466) a night. Click here for booking information .

Cheap flights: Canadian Affair often has great deals and discounts including flights from 344pp .

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Boasting five bedrooms and six bedrooms, this impressive estate can hold up to 14 guests.

Offering breathtaking views of the Maya Mountains it's the epitome of a luxurious getaway: you'll have access to the island's boat and your own personal driver, as well as a full staff to help cater to your every need.

Meanwhile there's plenty of watersports equipment if you want to make use of the private beach, but if you're not in the mood for sand then there's also a large freshwater pool which includes a layout deck, covered seating area and even pool volleyball.

How much? Prices start from 1,160 ($1,643) a night. Click here for booking information .

Cheap flights: You can bag return flights to Belize from 617.57 on Expedia , with a host of UK airports including London Gatwick, Edinburgh and Manchester.

Get ready to dive into the adventure of a lifetime!

This fully-staffed, private island rental in Belize sleeps 18 and includes unlimited access to sea kayaks, snorkeling gear, paddle boards, and more.

There's even an island chef to serve you up some mouthwatering local cuisine - or whatever other foodie delights take your fancy.

How much? Prices start from 3,860 ($5,000) a night. Click here for booking information .

Cheap flights: Return flights to Belize from 617.57 on Expedia , with a host of UK airports including London Gatwick, Edinburgh and Manchester.

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10 incredible tropical islands you can rent from just 240 - and you'll have them all to yourself - Mirror.co.uk

Australia beat Marshall Islands, 166-3, which is normal in this bizarre tournament – SB Nation

International sports in Oceania are weird, bizarre, silly, and incredible in all the best ways. Currently the FIBA U17 Basketball Championships are happening in Guam, and the tournament, particularly on the womens side, has devolved into Australia, New Zealand, and Samoa beating up on everyone else.

This culminated on Tuesday when Australia beat the Marshall Islands, 166-3. The box score is pretty incredible.

However, the beauty of tournaments like this is giving tiny nations, like the Marshall Islands (population 28,000) or Palau (21,000), an opportunity to play in a major tournament. Its exposure and experience they wouldnt get any other way, and these countries LOVE basketball. Over 1,000 people turned up to a tournament in the Marshall Islands last year, which might not sound like much until you appreciate that its 20 percent of their population.

On some level it feels wrong to laugh at whats happened in this tournament. These counties are doing their best, but we that feeling cant be mutually exclusive from appreciating whats happening at a large-scale, international tourney.

As of Tuesday morning a total of eight games have been played in the womens tournament. These are the scores:

Its just a whole bunch of islands, big and small, playing each other in games with an average margin of victory of 104.75 points. FIBA knows the field of play problem, every sport does. The disparity between nations is such that winning Oceania doesnt give you an automatic bid into larger international tournaments, both in basketball and soccer.

This tournament will end with Australia playing New Zealand, just like it always does and we can appreciate the simple things ... like a 110-31 win.

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Australia beat Marshall Islands, 166-3, which is normal in this bizarre tournament - SB Nation

Greek island where American tourist was killed known for debauchery, violence – Fox News

Early on Friday morning, an American tourist vacationing in Greece was beaten to death by a group of bar patrons on the resort island of Zakynthos.

Barkari Henderson, 22, had been accosted by a mob outside a Zakynthos bar after an argument over the placement of his drink, reported Kathimerini, an English-language Athens news outlet. The Austin, Texas resident died after suffering fatal head injuries in the attack.

Police have arrested at least eight people involved in the beating, including six Serbian nationals, a 34-year-old Greek man and a 32-year-old British man of Serbian origin.

AMERICAN TOURIST, 22, BEATEN TO DEATH ON GREEK ISLAND, 8 ARRESTED

The mayor of Zakynthos, Pavlos Kolokotsas, says municipal officials and local police officers are re-evaluating their efforts to crack down on rowdy bar behavior, but locals have long been critical of the islands disorderly tourism industry and sex-fueled attractions.

In 2008, for instance, Matthew Cryer, a 17-year-old from Sheffield, England, died outside a drinking establishment in the Zakynthos village of Zante. The original police report claimed Cryer had drank himself to death his family, however, insisted that he had been killed by four of the staff. A Greek court eventually decided in 2014 that the four men would not face legal action, according to the BBC.

Also in 2008, Reuters reported that 15 British citizens along with six Greek citizens had been arrested after partaking in an oral sex competition on Zakynthos Laganas Beach. At the time of the arrests, police said the tourists had been paid to compete, and the ensuing footage was released on the Internet.

BEYOND KIDNAPPING, TOURISTS FACE MOUNTING CRIMINAL THREATS WORLDWIDE, EXPERTS WARN

The Independent, too, shared a statement from a Zakynthos-based doctor who said he frequently investigated rape complaints from women who came in so drunk, they couldn't remember when or if theyd had sex that evening.

Visitors and their drunken exploits/crimes arent only confined to Zakythos or its touristy village of Laganas, either. The Guardian reported that locals to Malia, in Crete, Faliraki, in Rhodes, and Cavos, on Corfu, have also seen their share of rowdy resort-goers, including the 2008 incident in which six British tourists to Malia beat a shop-owner who requested that they drive slower around their resort, and four Northern Irish men who gang-raped another English tourist that same year, while filming the act on their phones.

Oddly enough, some of the rowdier revelers to the Greek islands post pictures of themselves during or after a night out, often bragging about how hard they partied on vacation.

What is wrong with the British? Crete police officer Yiannis Kyriakakis asked The Guardian following those crimes. 'Why can't you have fun calmly?

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A reporter for Vice Greecewrote in 2014 that locals are expected to ignore the tawdry behavior of tourists from Britain, Germany, Australia and Italy, so as not to affect tourism dollars. ([Laganas has] become a Mecca for sexually depraved English tourists, wrote Vice.) But some, like a group in Cavos, have tried to fight back by posting embarrassing photos of the drunken tourists on Facebook, in an effort to shame future visitors into behaving, according to the Daily Mail.

It may prove more difficult to ignore such behavior following Hendersons murder, which has since prompted a response from the U.S. State Department.

"Greek police in Zakynthos notified the U.S. Embassy of the death of a U.S. citizen in the early morning hours of Friday, July 7," the department told Time in an official statement. "We are in communication with authorities and providing consular assistance to the deceased citizens family."

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Greek island where American tourist was killed known for debauchery, violence - Fox News

Lack of visa workers has Cape and Islands hotspots in a bind – Boston.com

The Fourth of July has come and gone, and for Cape and Islands employers grappling with a worker shortage, reality has set in. This is going to be a rough summer.

Businesses are getting by hiring anyone who walks in the door, bringing on more students, even giving shifts to foreign workers brought to the United States by other companies, which is against the law. But training and overtime costs are starting to pile up, and some employers have had to turn away banquet business and cancel landscaping contracts, for example, because they dont have enough employees.

The popular PB Boulangerie Bistro in Wellfleet is closed on Mondays and Tuesdays due to difficulty finding staff. On the morning of the Fourth, a Nantucket innkeeper got a frantic call from another inn desperate for housekeepers, but had no one to spare. At least one Cape Cod cleaning company has started bringing in workers from Puerto Rico who are US citizens and dont need work visas.

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Lack of visa workers has Cape and Islands hotspots in a bind - Boston.com

Blogger discredits claim Amelia Earhart was taken prisoner by Japan – The Guardian

The woman said to resemble pilot Amelia Earhart is seen sitting on the dock in the centre of the picture. Photograph: Reuters

Claims made in a US documentary that the pioneering aviator Amelia Earhart crash-landed on the Marshall Islands in the Pacific Ocean and was taken prisoner by the Japanese appear to have been proved false by a photograph unearthed in a travel book.

The History Channel documentary, Amelia Earhart: The Lost Evidence, which aired in the US on Sunday, made the claim that the American and her navigator, Fred Noonan, ended up in Japanese custody based on a photograph discovered in the US national archives that purported to show them standing at a harbour on one of the islands.

The film said the image may hold the key to solving one of historys all-time greatest mysteries and suggested it disproved the widely accepted theory that Earhart and Noonan disappeared over the western Pacific on 2 July 1937 near the end of their attempt at a history-making flight around the world.

But serious doubts now surround the films premise after a Tokyo-based blogger unearthed the same photograph in the archives of the National Diet Library, Japans national library.

The image was part of a Japanese-language travelogue about the South Seas that was published almost two years before Earhart disappeared. Page 113 states the book was published in Japanese-held Palau on 10 October 1935.

The caption beneath the image makes no mention of the identities of the people in the photograph. It describes maritime activity at the harbour on Jabor in the Jaluit atoll the headquarters for Japans administration of the Marshall Islands between the first world war and its defeat in the second world war.

The caption notes that monthly races between schooners belonging to local tribal leaders and other vessels turned the port into a bustling spectacle.

Kota Yamano, a military history blogger who unearthed the Japanese photograph, said it took him just 30 minutes to effectively debunk the documentarys central claim.

I have never believed the theory that Earhart was captured by the Japanese military, so I decided to find out for myself, Yamano told the Guardian. I was sure that the same photo must be on record in Japan.

Yamano ran an online search using the keyword Jaluit atoll and a decade-long timeframe starting in 1930.

The photo was the 10th item that came up, he said. I was really happy when I saw it. I find it strange that the documentary makers didnt confirm the date of the photograph or the publication in which it originally appeared. Thats the first thing they should have done.

Yamanos Twitter post fuelled social media discussion of the possible cause of Earharts disappearance and criticism of the History Channel documentary.

The photograph shows a woman with her back to the camera, whom the film suggests is Earhart, alongside a man purportedly Noonan whose face is visible, with other people standing on a dock on Jaluit atoll in the Marshall Islands.

Earhart and Noonan were last seen taking off in her twin-engine Lockheed Electra on 2 July 1937, from Papua New Guinea en route to Howland Island, about 2,500 miles away.

The documentary, hosted by former FBI executive assistant director Shawn Henry, also alleges a cover-up, claiming that the US government knew of her whereabouts but did nothing to rescue her.

The film cites facial-recognition and other forensic testing that confirmed the photographs authenticity, and concluded that the two figures in question were likely to be Earhart and Noonan.

The film describes Earhart as a world-famous aviator who got caught up in an international dispute, was abandoned by her own government, and made the ultimate sacrifice.

Henry said: She may very well be the first casualty of world war two.

The picture clearly indicates that Earhart was captured by the Japanese, said retired US treasury agent Les Kinney, who unearthed the image in the US national archives in 2012.

The version of the photo Kinney found in the US archives is undated, but he has said he believes it was taken in July 1937 a theory now disproved by the image from Japanese archives.

The Marshall Island theory, which the photograph is alleged to support, has been around since at least the 1960s and was fuelled by accounts from Marshall Islanders, who claimed they watched the aircraft land and saw Earhart and Noonan in Japanese custody.

The History Channel website said new evidence suggests that Earhart died in Japanese custody on the island of Saipan. Wally Earhart, Amelias cousin, has said without offering evidence that she died of dysentery and other illnesses, while Noonan was beheaded by the Japanese.

Conspiracy theories have abounded for decades, since no trace of Earhart, Noonan or their plane has ever been confirmed.

Other experts have cast doubt on the documentarys photos claims. Ric Gillespie, executive director of the International Group for Historic Aircraft Recovery, said there was no evidence that the person in the photograph was Earhart.

Gillespie believes Earhart died as a castaway on the island of Nikumaroro, Kiribati, where a partial skeleton was discovered in 1940. There is such an appetite for anything related to Amelia Earhart that even something this ridiculous will get everybody talking about it, said Gillespie, author of Finding Amelia.

This is just a picture of a wharf at Jaluit [in the Marshall Islands], with a bunch of people, Gillespie said. Its just silly. And this is coming from a guy who has spent the last 28 years doing genuine research into the Earhart disappearance and led 11 expeditions into the South Pacific.

Matthew B Holly, a military expert, told Agence France-Presse the photo appeared to have been taken about a decade earlier than the date given by the History Channel.

From the Marshallese visual background, lack of Japanese flags flying on any vessels but one, and the age configuration of the steam-driven steel vessels, the photo is closer to the late 1920s or early 1930s, not anywhere near 1937, he said.

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Blogger discredits claim Amelia Earhart was taken prisoner by Japan - The Guardian

How we’ve evolved to fight the bugs that infect us – The Conversation AU

Its the ability of our immune system to remember past infections, and pass this memory on to our kids, that allows us to survive infectious diseases.

This is the second article in a four-part series looking at how infectious diseases have influenced our culture and evolution, and how we, in turn, have influenced them.

Its easy to feel our survival is under threat from new and emerging infectious diseases that are going to wipe out the human race, or at least end our current way of life. The recent outbreaks of Ebola in West Africa re-ignited our interest in pandemics and reminded us of our potential frailty in the face of an overwhelming enemy.

With so many microbes capable of hijacking and destroying us, how are we as a species still enduring?

Humans are unique in the world. We are avid collectors of infectious diseases acquired from our environment throughout our evolution.

We share with our invaders a need to survive and propagate our genes. Infectious pathogens, such as bacteria and viruses, are parasitic they have to find and infect a susceptible host in order to maintain themselves and propagate. Therefore, its not really in their best interests to kill us. Our relationship with pathogens is shaped by our capacity to evolve genetically, to modify our behaviour, or to force the pathogens to evolve so that we all survive.

Viruses such as influenza replicate and spread to new hosts before the original host gets sick (with influenza symptoms such as a sore throat and sneezing), meaning the parasite can survive and thrive in new hosts.

On rare occasions the death of the host is necessary for the pathogen to reproduce. One example is trichinellosis (also known as trichinosis), which is caused by eating undercooked or raw meat from animals (usually carnivores and omnivores) infected with a worm (nematode).

To survive in the host the worm constructs a capsule around itself to avoid the immune system. The immature worms in the meat cause muscle weakness and paralysis, and eventually death, in the host. This means the victim is defenceless to predators that may come and gobble it up, thus giving the worm a new host to infect.

This is an old disease that we tackle either by avoiding eating meat (possibly the reason some religions avoid eating pork), or through cultural adaptation such as overcooking.

Evolutionary pressures through Darwinian selection, survival of the fittest, constantly shape life on Earth. This innate ability to adapt has enabled humans to develop defence mechanisms to counter some of the most devastating pathogens.

Malaria is a parasite of red blood cells that is estimated to have caused 429,000 deaths in 2015. When malaria became a human disease (it is thought to originate in primates) is unclear. One thing that is clear is that it emerged long enough ago for humans to evolve innate defences.

Sickle cell mutation is a potentially fatal blood disorder seen mainly in Africa. This mutation in a haemoglobin gene (responsible for red pigment in blood cells) is one of a number of genetic traits that actually protect against malaria. People who have this genetic mutation are protected against malaria and thus likely to reproduce and pass on their evolutionary advantage.

A second genetic mutation that protects humans against malaria affects an essential enzyme for red blood cell function. But individuals with this mutation may also develop life-threatening anaemia (deficiency in the number or quality of red blood cells) due to the destruction of red blood cells as a side effect of treatment with some modern anti-malarial drugs.

Perhaps the most significant and wondrous part of the evolutionary machinery that enables the human race to keep one step ahead of the pathogens is the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). The MHC proteins on the surface of our white blood cells evolved along with the vertebrates (animals with a spine), which makes them our oldest defence mechanism.

We have different types of white cells: mobile ones in the blood (lypmphocytes) and resident ones in lymph nodes (macrophages). When there is an infection the macrophages gobble up the bugs and present proteins from the organism on their surface like signals.

The lymphocytes containing MHC molecules that recognise this protein bind on. (Our immune system has memory cells that are produced after vaccination or past infections so we can remember how to fight them next time.) The lymphocytes then produce chemicals that recruit more lymphocytes to help. These multiply and you end up with a swollen gland.

Our bodys ability to remember past infections is one of the reasons the entire population of London didnt perish during the Black Death. MHC molecules are passed on to our offspring, which explains why we have such a wide variety of these molecules. When a disease enters a population for the first time it always more lethal than subsequent introductions because some people are now immune, and people have been born to the survivors.

Not all co-evolution leads to changes in human genetics, especially if there is no impact on our ability to procreate. Human tuberculosis is a chronic disease that continues to plague the world with little evidence that humans have developed any ability to resist infection. This is interesting because it is likely to have co-evolved with us from Neolithic times.

We will continue to face new and emerging diseases. So far our capacity to adapt and respond has served us well. But some scientists believe humans are no longer evolving due to the removal of many selection pressures, most importantly things that cause premature death.

The question is whether we are up to the challenges posed by what comes next. Perhaps the most pressing issue facing us now is that bugs seem to be evolving faster than we can create things to kill them known as anti-microbial resistance.

The spectre of life without antibiotics is terrifying given we never did overcome bacterial infections through evolution. Instead we used our ingenuity. Our future will reflect how well we exercise our collective intellect and will to dodge this bullet.

Read the first instalment in the series:

Four of the greatest infectious diseases of our time and how were overcoming them

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How we've evolved to fight the bugs that infect us - The Conversation AU

200,000-Year-Old Tooth Reveals Clues About Mysterious Human … – Live Science

Scientists say the molar tooth found in Denisova Cave in Siberia estimate the tooth is at least 20,000 years older than previously examined Denisovan fossils.

DNA in a fossil from a young girl has revealed that a mysterious extinct human lineage occupied the middle of Asia longer than previously thought, allowing more potential interbreeding with Neanderthals, a new study finds.

Although modern humans are the only surviving human lineage, other hominins which include modern humans, extinct human species and their immediate ancestors once lived on Earth. These included Neanderthals, the closest extinct relatives of modern humans, as well as the Denisovans, who lived across a region that might have stretched from Siberia to Southeast Asia.

In 2010, researchers analyzed DNA from fossils to reveal the existence of the Denisovans, suggesting the lineage shared a common ancestor with Neanderthals. However, the Denisovans were nearly as genetically distinct from Neanderthals as Neanderthals were from modern humans, with the ancestors of Denisovans and Neanderthals splitting about 190,000 to 470,000 years ago. [Denisovan Gallery: Tracing the Genetics of Human Ancestors]

The 2010 study also revealed that the Denisovans might have interbred with modern humans thousands of years ago just as Neanderthalsdid. Subsequent research suggested that genetic mutations from Denisovanshave influenced modern human immune systems, as well as fat and blood sugar levels.

However, much remains unknown about the Denisovans, since all fossil evidence of them until now was limited to just three specimens: one finger bone and two molars. All three fossils were unearthed from Denisova Cave, after which the Denisovans are named, in the Altai Mountains in Siberia.

Now, scientists have revealed that they have a fourth Denisovan fossil a "baby tooth" that likely fell from the jaw of a 10- to 12-year-old girl, said study lead author Viviane Slon, a paleogeneticist at the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Leipzig, Germany.

"Any additional Denisovan individual that we can identify at this point is very exciting for us," Slon told Live Science.

The crown of the "baby" molar was almost completely worn away when researchers unearthed it. To help preserve the fossil, the researchers used 3D X-rays of the tooth to help find the best way to extract as little powder from the molar as possible. Next, they analyzed what little surviving DNA they could from about 10 milligrams of tooth powder, confirming that the fossil belonged to a Denisovan girl.

The deep layer of sediment in which this molar was found ranges from 128,000 to 227,000 years old. This age makes the tooth one of the oldest human specimens discovered in central Asia to date, and about 50,000 to 100,000 years older than the first known Denisovan fossil.

"This would indicate that Denisovans were present in the Altai area for a very long time at least as long as modern humans have been in Europe, if not much more," Slon said. Such a long span of time increases the chances that the Denisovans and the Neanderthals may have interacted and interbred, the researchers added.

These new findings, combined with previous data, suggest that there may have been low levels of genetic diversity among the Denisovans, comparable to the lower range of modern human genetic diversity seen among small or secluded populations.

"The low genetic diversity we infer for the Denisovans can most probably be linked to their small population size," Slon said. "This is similar to what has been inferred for Neanderthals. Both groups of archaic hominins seem to have had a far smaller population size than humans today."

Still, the researchers noted that because all four Denisovan fossils unearthed to date come from the same place, it is possible that they represent an isolated population and that Denisovan genetic diversity across

their entire geographic range was greater than that seen in these isolated samples. Additional fossils from Denisovans from other locations would help scientists more comprehensively gauge Denisovans' genetic diversity across space and time, Slon said.

The scientists detailed their findingsonline July 7 in the journal Science Advances.

Original article on Live Science.

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200,000-Year-Old Tooth Reveals Clues About Mysterious Human ... - Live Science

Genoox raises $6M to make genetic data analysis more accessible for clinics – TechCrunch

Genoox, a startup that wants to make it easier for medical professionals to use genomic data in patient care, has raised $6 million in funding. The capital includes a seed round from Inimiti Capital Partners and a Series A round led by Glilot Capital Partners.

Genooxs software is already used in many of the top genetic medicine institutes and commercial labs in Israel; earlier this year, it was also contracted by the Israeli government to help analyze genomic data from more than 100,000 citizens, in a project similar to the 100,000 Genomes Project in the U.K. The company will use its funding for expansion into the U.S.

CEO Amir Trabelsi, who founded Genoox in 2014 with CTO Moshe Einhorn, says its technology, which uses machine-learning algorithms to analyze rare genetic mutations and predict the probability they are responsible for a condition, makes it less time-consuming and expensive for clinics to handle data from genetic screening. While next-generation sequencing technologies, which can sequence entire genomes within a day, are currently accessible to only a few facilities, Genooxs founders want their tools to make a routine part of patient care.

Deep data analytics has the capacity to impact so many fields, and medicine is certainly included, but there seems to be a gap in innovation between the scientific developments surrounding genetics and the speed at which advancements are being made to make genetic sequencing accessible to treating clinicians, Trabelsi says. WithGenoox, our mission is to close this gap by making genetic sequencing more accessible for the masses.

Genooxs current platform can examine data from both whole-genome sequencing (WGS), which sequences all the base pairs in a genome at one time, as well as whole-exome sequencing (WES), a less costly alternative to whole-genome sequencing that sequences exons, which make up about one percent of the human genome.

Both are important tools for diagnosing hereditary genetic disorders, especially for rare childhood diseases, Trabelsi says, which require both known and rare mutations to be examined. The company also plans to create new applications for tests to determine if a person is a carrier for inherited genetic disorders, prenatal testing, and genetic testing for cancer.

Continued here:

Genoox raises $6M to make genetic data analysis more accessible for clinics - TechCrunch

Families take a risky road trip to save their health care – CNN International

Tilting their heads down under the beaming sun, they started to shout: "Hey, hey! Ho, ho! Medicaid cuts have got to go!"

The two women led a crowd of dozens of protesters in a chant.

It was a typical 89-degree afternoon. DC staffers walked past on their lunch breaks, watching the action from behind their Ray-Ban sunglasses.

As the crowd of children and adults continued to chant in unison, Lorio and Michot glanced at each other. It was a moment that came on the heels of a long and harrowing journey.

Lorio is a politically conservative Catholic from New Orleans who voted for Donald Trump in November. Michot is a politically liberal Lutheran from Laplace, Louisiana, who voted for Hillary Clinton.

Despite their differences, the women joined forces over the weekend to take a stand against Senate Republicans' health care bill, which proposes deep cuts in federal spending on Medicaid.

The dynamic duo organized an eventful road trip from Baton Rouge to Washington to protest health care reform -- and along the way, they managed medical scares and rode a wave of emotions.

For the roughly 24-hour bus ride, Lorio and Michot brought something else they have in common: 4-year-old sons.

Lorio's son, John Paul, and Michot's son, Gabriel, were both born early at 27 weeks, which caused complex health conditions.

The children's caretaking needs will be affected if Medicaid gets drastically cut, Lorio said. "It's not what they're cutting; it's who they're cutting."

Michot said that for Gabriel, such cuts could mean life or death. She knows this firsthand because Gabriel was born with a twin, Michael, who died when he was about a year old, and she doesn't want to experience that pain again.

"Without Medicaid, he won't have a ventilator," Michot explained her fear.

As a storm brewed in a moody sky above Baton Rouge on Saturday morning, Lorio frantically packed supplies for the bus ride. Her husband, Neal Lorio, helped carry bags while John Paul played in the living room on a soft blue mat.

John Paul found two small American flags perched by the couch. He wrapped his tiny fingers around the flags and waved them in the air. His big bright eyes, framed by blue glasses, twinkled with glee.

"He's got a really sunny disposition," said Hope Scott, a direct service worker who has helped the Lorio family care for John Paul since he was 6 months old and who was at their home as they packed for the trip.

"It's amazing to see him, under his circumstances, enjoying life the way he does," she said, looking lovingly at John Paul.

Without Medicaid, however, the family could no longer afford Scott's assistance, Lorio said.

The Lorio family car was packed with feeding tubes, feeding formula, a heart rate monitor and other medical equipment for John Paul.

"Everything with a child that has special needs is extra," Scott said. "You have to be prepared. You never know when something's going to happen. He's been perfectly fine one minute ... and then all of a sudden he's got a mucus plug in his trach, and you can't tell what's going on."

Scott stood on the family's front porch and waved goodbye as the Lorio trio -- mother, father and son -- drove off to board the charter bus to DC.

A couple of physicians who helped raise funds for the road trip visited the bus departure site to see off the 35 passengers.

Dr. Kiersta Kurtz-Burke, an instructor of clinical medicine at Louisiana State University School of Medicine in New Orleans, helped raise money for the road trip but couldn't participate in the journey due to her schedule.

"But we're seeing with this legislation, the overall picture is that there are health care needs being threatened on a bigger level, on a national level, and that's also our responsibility, too," she said.

Lorio brought on the bus a sign that said "1st do no harm."

Wearing a SLIC T-shirt, Fuselier used his wheelchair to board the bus with his colleagues. About 34 years ago, when Fuselier was 19, he was paralyzed from the shoulders down after a diving accident at Ouiska Chitto Creek in Louisiana.

"I think it's important that the government, here in Washington, works together," Fuselier said of health care. "This is directly about the people."

Diez and her husband, Ronald's, 13-month-old daughter, Chasely, was born with what doctors suspect to be an undiagnosed genetic syndrome. Among Chasely's health issues are abnormalities with her brain, digestive system, and hands and feet.

"Her future is so dependent upon Medicaid, and I wouldn't even attempt to take the chance, or take (lawmakers') word for it, because many times before, people have not stuck to their word," the Napoleonville, Louisiana-based mother said of some lawmakers' comments on pre-existing conditions.

"Any cuts to Medicaid would be detrimental to my baby's future and her life, and we just need to keep Medicaid the way it is," Diez said.

"It pays for her ventilator supplies. She could not breathe without it," she said. "It pays for her feeding tube and feeding pump supplies. It helps with nursing, and I could not care for her 24 hours a day, seven days a week alone."

Diez's love for Chasely was evident Saturday night, when Diez noticed that her fragile daughter had a 102-degree fever. The cause of the fever could have been any one of myriad factors, Diez said. Chasely has multiple tubes and shunts, including one in her brain that stops fluid from building up, and they can get easily infected.

Diez suspected that the fever could be an unrelated viral illness that would go away on its own, but Lorio, who organized the bus ride, still searched for nearby children's hospitals just in case Chasely's condition turned serious.

Chasely's fever went down after she was given an anti-inflammatory, and Diez, with tears in her eyes, said she didn't regret bringing her daughter on the road trip.

"We want (lawmakers) to actually see her face and see that, yes, she does depend on the ventilator, but she is not in a bed and has no neurological function. She has neurological function. We want them to see that she is a life, and this life is at stake," Diez said.

Lorio also had no regrets about bringing her son, John Paul, on the journey, despite facing a medical scare of her own.

On Saturday afternoon, John Paul suddenly became fatigued and started coughing aggressively.

"He never coughs like this," Lorio said while holding her son. "I don't know why he's coughing this much. ... Who's got oxygen close by?"

John Paul's eyes fluttered open and closed. He vomited, and a stream of his bodily fluids flowed down Lorio's leg as she cradled her son in her lap.

Diez and Michot rushed to the pair's aid, wiping the fluids off the floor and helping Lorio change John Paul's trach tube, which was oozing with secretions.

The incident occurred shortly after John Paul was fed, and "basically, he didn't tolerate it," Lorio said. He quickly recovered his cheerful demeanor after the trach change and some rest.

Despite the various medical incidents, the bus continued to carry the Medicaid activists to the nation's capital.

Medicaid is keeping Lillian DeJean's family from going bankrupt, she said. "I really shouldn't have to deal with this. I'm 15 years old. It's not exactly a common thing for a 15-year-old to be doing on a weekend," she said of the road trip.

"You're not just cutting Medicaid, but you're cutting a lot of people's access to independent living," Lillian said on the bus.

"In the future, if I have Medicaid, I'll be able to live independently because of my waiver and because of the insurance coverage," she said. "Also, Medicaid helps my family stay afloat right now. It's not just the future we're talking about but the present."

The lyrics swept across the bus, and so did a wave of emotion, leaving passengers such as Elaine Harmon with tears streaming down their faces.

Harmon stood next to her 18-year-old son, Marcus Johnson, who sat in a wheelchair, with her hand on his shoulder. He smiled at her as she sang, "Deep in my heart, I do believe, we shall overcome someday."

A mishap during a hernia surgery at 2 years old left Marcus with developmental disabilities. Harmon now relies on Medicaid for an in-home nurse to help care for him.

"We represent thousands of people who are on waiting lists to get services, any type of service, in their house. We're here to bring awareness that this needs to be fixed, not cut out," Harmon said.

Marcus, who follows the news closely, wanted to visit DC last year to speak out against proposals to cut Medicaid, Harmon said.

"He said, 'Momma, I need to go to that White House, and I need to go talk to people so they can help us.' And I said, 'Marcus, just keep giving it to God,' " Harmon said. Now, about a year later, they finally made their appearance in DC.

Harmon said she believes that it is "inhumane" that activists such as her son have to travel to show politicians they are disabled and impacted by changes in policies, even though a physician's letter can document a disability. That's something Marcus questioned at a young age, she said.

"He always did say, even (when he was) small, 'Why do we have to show them we're disabled to get help?' " Harmon said. "That is an inhumane act that someone has to go and show you what a document is already telling you."

The moment "We Shall Overcome" came to an end, the bus approached Birmingham, Alabama, city limits, on its way to Washington.

The bus ride continued overnight Saturday with little additional drama. The families arrived in DC on Sunday and spent the night at a motel.

Monday morning, as sunshine beamed through the windows of the Holiday Inn where the activists had slept, excitement -- and anxiety -- filled the air.

The group gathered to depart for the RNC building, but Diez and her daughter, Chasely, stayed behind.

Chasely's body temperature went back up to just over 102 degrees, and Diez tearfully took her to Children's National Medical Center in DC, where doctors diagnosed her with an ear infection.

After wishing Chasely well, the other activists embarked on their mission.

As the bus stopped about a block from the RNC building, Michot started to put sunscreen on Gabriel. John Paul found one of his American flags and waved it in the air. They were ready for showtime.

"Hey, hey! Ho, ho! Medicaid cuts have got to go," Lorio and others yelled at the front doors of the RNC building.

She said she saw a security guard lock the doors as the group approached. No one could get in, and no one could get out, but silhouettes of passersby within the building could be seen through the front door windows.

"I'm a Republican! I'm a Republican!" Lorio mouthed through the door, with frustration, at the passing shadows. "I'm a Republican!"

A spokeswoman for the RNC said in a statement Monday that "Republicans continue to work to provide greater choice and control for individuals with disabilities, including reforming our health care system to ensure every American has affordable and accessible health care."

Monday wasn't the first time Lorio and many of the others have spoken out about health care reform proposals.

Lorio said he did not call on their group to speak at the meeting. However, while in DC on Monday, a staffer from Cassidy's office met with Lorio, Michot and other activists as they shared their concerns.

In a statement Monday, Cassidy spokesman Ty Bofferding said that "It is important to Senator Cassidy to make himself available to constituents -- holding numerous town halls across Louisiana. He does his best to answer as many questions as possible during those meetings, but cannot always get to everyone in the limited time available. A member of our staff spoke with the Louisiana constituents in DC and is passing their concerns along to the senator."

As the DC protest came to an end, Lorio rallied the group back on to the charter bus. Though the protests are finished, their risky road trip continues.

"Until we're back safely and everybody is safely back home in Louisiana, I have to remain vigilant," she said. "Until everybody's safe back in their homes, I will be on edge."

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Families take a risky road trip to save their health care - CNN International

Republicans Are Still Seven Votes Shy On Health Care – FiveThirtyEight

Jul. 11, 2017 at 6:01 AM

Maine Sen. Susan Collins has opposed her colleagues health insurance bill from the start.

Republicans appear to be at least seven votes short of the 50 they need to get a health care bill through the Senate, which is basically where they were when Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell unveiled a draft bill more than two weeks ago.

Soon after the draft bills release, one bloc of GOP senators (Ted Cruz of Texas, Ron Johnson of Wisconsin, Mike Lee of Utah and Rand Paul of Kentucky) argued that the bill was insufficiently conservative and did not repeal enough of the Affordable Care Act, aka Obamacare.

A separate bloc of more moderate Republican senators (Shelley Moore Capito of West Virginia, Susan Collins of Maine, Dean Heller of Nevada and Rob Portman of Ohio) said the bill was too conservative. Lisa Murkowski of Alaska, another more moderate Republican, has been noncommittal about backing the bill.

There are 52 Republicans in the Senate the bill has no support from non-GOP senators so leadership can afford to lose only two in a vote (with Vice President Mike Pence as the tiebreaker to push the tally to 51). If this process were going well for Republicans, by now some of the hesitant members would have proposed changes to the bill, McConnell would have said he is adopting those changes, and these members would say they were voting for the bill, pending those changes. That full cycle has not happened yet with any of these nine members. Some have publicly proposed ideas that McConnell has not yet said he will adopt, presumably because he knows those ideas wont fly with other members. Others have not, at least publicly, given any kind of wish list, suggesting that they would like the bill to die.

I would say Republicans are stuck in neutral, except that they might be moving backward, adding opponents to the legislation. Two stalwart Republican senators (North Dakotas John Hoeven and Kansass Jerry Moran) criticized the McConnell bill last week, although Im skeptical that either would be a no if the legislation moved to a vote.

McConnell and other Republicans seem to be increasingly pessimistic that Republicans can come together. And a close look at these nine senators and their public comments suggests that this pessimism is grounded in reality. (We grouped some of the senators below to illustrate how interconnected some of their concerns are.)

The Nevada senator sharply criticized McConnells bill the day after it was released, arguing that its cuts to Medicaid were much too deep and that it was a lie to claim that the bill would lower health care premiums for Americans. Heller has said little publicly about the legislation since then. Thats not good for Republicans, because his initial opposition was strong and there is little indication that Heller is working with Republican leaders to push for changes to the bill that would bring him closer to voting for it.

Like Heller, Collins was strongly against the bill from the start; she shared the Nevada senators concerns about Medicaid and affordability. She has continued to make public comments on the legislation but they suggest that she is moving further away from it. She told The Washington Post that at a Fourth of July parade in Eastport, Maine, some of her constituents had praised her for opposing the legislation. Collins also told the Post that she has been talking to Democrats about pursuing bipartisan legislation if McConnell drops his push to pass a health care bill with only Republican votes.

One other thing about Collins and Heller: They are both from states that Hillary Clinton won in 2016. And Heller is up for re-election next year. They have political and policy reasons to object to this legislation.

So lets consider them two no votes. That means for the Senate bill to pass, McConnell needs all seven of the remaining critics of the legislation to back it. Right now, that looks very unlikely to happen.

While in Alaska last week, Murkowski suggested that she was being left in the dark about the legislative process by Senate Republican leaders. The Alaska senator also said that she, like Collins, is interested in working with Democrats on a bipartisan bill. Those are not great signs that she wants to work with McConnell on a revised version of a GOP-backed bill.

We described last week a three-part plan for Republicans to pass the bill through the Senate: loosen some of the insurance requirements, as conservatives want; reduce the cuts to Medicaid and add money to fight the opioid crisis, as some moderates have urged; and appeal to party loyalty to get other reluctant Republicans behind the legislation.

Cruz is touting a proposal that would let insurers sell plans that do not include all the essential benefits mandated under Obamacare, as long as those insurers sell some plans that do include these benefits. (Health care experts say this approach is likely to result in cheaper plans for healthier people and much more expensive coverage for people who already have health problems.) Lees spokesman has said that the Utah senator will back McConnells bill if this provision is included. Johnson has said little publicly since his initial opposition, but he has allied himself with Cruz and Lee in this process and seems likely to back the bill with this change as well. (An op-ed that Johnson wrote in The New York Times echoes some of the general ideas of the Cruz proposal.)

Its safe to assume that Cruz also would support the bill if this provision were included.

So thats good news for McConnell: The conservative bloc could be placated.

Heres the bad news: The conservative bloc may be becoming insistent on this particular provision. Lees spokesman told Axios that the senator would back the Senate bill only if this provision were added. Cruz has hinted that he has a similar view. Such absolutism is problematic for McConnell, who probably needs senators to stay flexible on the exact language of the bill.

But the bigger problem with the Cruz proposal is

Capito told the Charleston Gazette-Mails Jake Zuckerman that she opposes the Cruz proposal. She said it undermines protections for people with pre-existing conditions, who might be unable to afford premiums under the system that Cruz proposes.

This is significant. Typically, a change in a bill that would bring in three votes would be worth turning off one senator. But remember if Collins and Heller are already against this legislation, McConnell cant afford any more no votes. So if the Cruz proposal takes away Capitos vote, McConnell probably cant add it to the bill. This may explain why McConnell has not publicly committed to including the Cruz provision in the legislation.

Capito also suggested that she thinks the legislation cuts Medicaid too deeply.

And theres another problem with getting Capitos vote: her public vagueness. Cruz and Lee are being specific. They have discussed policy changes that they want to see in the bill and have laid those out in public. If the Cruz provision is in the bill, Lee has essentially committed publicly to voting for it.

In contrast, Capitos concerns are more vaguely defined (at least publicly she might have handed McConnell a detailed, specific list in private). Its difficult to know whether she opposes the $772 billion in Medicaid cuts, compared to funding under existing law, that the Congressional Budget Office says is one outcome of the McConnell draft bill, but would be fine with $400 billion or $200 billion.

Portman has allied himself with Capito in pushing for more funding to fight the opioid crisis and fewer cuts to Medicaid. He has been quieter about his views about the bill recently, but there is no indication yet that he will back it or that he has a list of specific changes that he wants.

Paul has been as critical of the McConnell draft as Collins and Heller, but his criticism comes from the right. There is no indication that he thinks the Cruz provision will address his core argument, that the outlines of Obamacare will remain law if any version of the McConnell draft passes. He blasted the legislation on the Fox Business network last week.

I didnt include him in the no group with Collins and Heller only because Paul has political incentives to back this legislation: Trump won by 30 percentage points in Kentucky.

A lot of news coverage over the last week has focused on comments from Republican senators like Chuck Grassley of Iowa and John McCain of Arizona that downplayed the likelihood of the bills passage. I dont put much stock in these senators essentially playing pundit. Neither has laid out a deep, substantive critique of the bills contents, and I assume both would back it in a formal vote. I take their comments as lagging indicators of what I laid out above: Grassley and McCain can count votes the same way you and I can, and they see that the bill is well short of the support it needs.

There is likely to be a lot of news coverage the next few weeks that focuses on McConnells legislative skills or Trumps strategy on health care. I would discount much of that. The fundamental question is whether at least seven of these nine Republican senators will accept a bill that is either more conservative or less conservative than they would like.

So far, these nine arent sounding like they will accept many compromises.

The rest is here:

Republicans Are Still Seven Votes Shy On Health Care - FiveThirtyEight

Ted Cruz’s health-care plan works great unless you need health care – Washington Post

Republicans have come up with a new twist on their health-care plan that would make premiums cheaper for healthy people but prohibitively expensive for upper-middle-class people with preexisting conditions.

I guess that counts as progress?

The proposal, the brainchild of Sen. Ted Cruz (R-Tex.), would let health insurers offer plans that don't follow Obamacare's rules as long as they offer one that does. Which is to say that they'd once again be free to not only sell skimpy plans that didn't cover things like mental health or maternity care or prescription drugs, but also charge people with preexisting conditions more for them if they didn't just deny them outright.

This is a small idea that would have big consequences. That's because letting insurance companies sell plans that only healthy people could buy would mean it wouldn't be long until those were the only ones healthy people did buy at which point sick people would be left having to pay more than they could afford. Think about it like this. The simple fact that, given the choice, many healthy people would pick bare-bones plans over more comprehensive (and costlier) options would set off a chain reaction in the rest of the insurance market. The prices of those more extensive plans would go up a lot since not enough healthy people had signed up for them, and the healthy people who had done so would drop their coverage since it had gotten so much more expensive which, you guessed it, would make prices shoot up even more, until eventually there were only sick people left.

The health insurance market, in other words, would split into two. Healthy people would buy plans that wouldn't actually cover much, and sick people would try to buy plans that would actually cover them.

And as long as they weren't getting paidtoo much, they could do that. The Senate bill, you see, gives people making350 percent of the poverty line or less $42,210 for individuals, or $86,100 for a family of four the same kind of subsidies Obamacare does that automatically go up as premiums do. So the people who got them would be insulated from what would otherwise be the unaffordable increases the Cruz planwould cause.

Despite that, though, people with preexisting conditions would still be considerablyworse off under the Republican plan than they are under Obamacare. Why is that? Well, the people who did get subsidies would only be able to buy plans theycouldn't really afford to use, and the ones who didn't wouldn't be able to buy any kind of plans, period. There are two stories here. The first is that the Senate bill would peg the value of its subsidies to much cheaper plans than Obamacare does, so a lot of people would be pushed into higher-deductible ones that, as far they're concerned,might as well be none at all. Indeed, in the case of someone making $18,090 or less, the nonpartisan Kaiser Family Foundation estimates that their deductible would go from an average of $255 under Obamacare to $6,105 under the Senate bill.

The second is that it would make the cost of comprehensive plans skyrocket so much that nobody would be able to afford them without government help. This would be a big difference from the way things are now. Forall of President Trump's talk about Obamacare alternatively imploding or exploding or entering a death spiral, his own administration has concluded that this is not the case. Insurance markets are mostly stable. And since people with preexisting conditions aren't shunted off ontheir own, their premiums haven't gone up more than everybody else's. It might not be easy, but for individuals making more than $48,240, or families of four making more than$98,400 that's how high Obamacare's subsidies go it is possible, for the most part, to get covered regardless of their health status.

But the Cruz plan, as we've said before, would change that. Sick people would be segregated into what would be de facto high-risk pools, and, as a result, their premiums would soar into the financial stratosphere. Compounding that is the fact that the Senate bill would only offer subsidies up to 350 percent of the poverty level instead of the 400 percent that Obamacare does. Anyone making more than this new lower level would be out of luck, and out of the health insurance market. That means if you had acne or diabetes or were pregnant all preexisting conditionsthat insurers could use to discriminate against youunder the Cruz plan you'd be better off making $42,210 than $42,211, since that extra dollar would cost you thousands in subsidies.

The Republican plan, then, would make it so sick people couldn't buy insurance without subsidies at the same time that it cut the value of those subsidies and took them away from some middle-class people.

This is really only about one thing: redistributing money from the poor and sick to the rich and healthy. And that's not just what liberals are saying. Conservatives are too. James Capretta, a former Bush administration official who is now a resident fellow at the American Enterprise Institute, says that the main effect of Cruz's plan would be to shift costs from healthy consumers to less-healthy consumers and household with lower incomes.

Freedom, ain't it grand!

Link:

Ted Cruz's health-care plan works great unless you need health care - Washington Post

80 arrested on Capitol Hill after health care protests – CNN

Story highlights

Protesters demonstrated in 13 different locations in House and Senate office buildings, according to Capitol Police spokeswoman Eva Malecki. As of Monday afternoon, Capitol Police had arrested 80 protesters 21 in House office buildings and 59 in Senate buildings and charged them with the misdemeanor of "Crowding, Obstructing, or Incommoding," Malecki said.

Sens. Ted Cruz, Jeff Flake, Rob Portman and Lamar Alexander, all Republicans, had protesters either inside or in the vicinity of their offices, holding signs and chanting their opposition, including "Save our lives, kill the bill" and "Come out and talk to us."

Some of the protesters outside of Cruz's office lay down on the ground, blocking foot traffic, forcing Capitol Police officers to carry them down the hall.

Cruz and Portman both expressed opposition to the Senate's health care bill before leaving for the July 4 recess, though Cruz had recommended and GOP leadership was considering an amendment to the current legislation.

"One of the great things about freedom in America is even people who disagree can speak out, and there is a small group of people on the left who, right now, are very angry," the Texas senator said last week. "We can engage in cordial and civil debate -- that's how democracy works and that's how it's meant to work."

CNN's Deirdre Walsh contributed to this report.

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80 arrested on Capitol Hill after health care protests - CNN

GOP senator ‘impressed’ by Trump’s knowledge of healthcare details – The Hill

Sen. Mike LeeMike LeeGOP senator impressed by Trumps knowledge of healthcare details Six GOP senators: Shorten or cancel August recess Senate GOP tries healthcare do-over MORE (R-Utah) said in an interview released Tuesday that he felt "fairly impressed" by President Trump's knowledge of healthcare.

I was actually fairly impressed with how many details he did know, Lee toldPolitico's "Off Message" podcast.

Lee's comments come asRepublicanleadership looks to push their bill torepeal and replace ObamaCare to a voteas lawmakers return from theFourth of July recess.

"The bill as it was released a few days ago is not sufficiently conservative for me to vote for it because it doesn't undo what I see as one of the most fatal flaws in the Affordable Care Act," he said, pointing to ObamaCare's regulations.

The Utah senator saidhe will not vote for the billunless it includes an amendment, which he has sponsored with his conservative colleague, Sen. Ted CruzTed CruzGOP senator impressed by Trumps knowledge of healthcare details Demystifying the foggy haze of Federal Reserve policymaking Cruz: 'Crazy' to go into August recess having healthcare plan MORE (R-Texas), that allows insurance companies offer plans that do not meet ObamaCare regulations, as long as they also offer oneplan that does.

In a discussion abouthis new book, "Written Out of History," theRepublican lawmaker also said the Founding Fathers would "loathe" the closed-door process through which Senate GOP leadership crafted the new healthcare legislation, as he did.

"It is not a good thingfroma policy standpoint to negotiate something that is supposed to be enacted by a legislative assembly consisted of elected officials. It is not a good thing to draft, negotiate, change it all behind closed-doorsand thenbring out, telling people, 'You got to pass it to find out what is in it.' It is not a good thing."

Republican lawmakers in the upper chamber are scheduled to receive an updateon the healthcare billduring a closed-door caucus later Tuesday.

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GOP senator 'impressed' by Trump's knowledge of healthcare details - The Hill

Amid health care push, White House can’t shake Russia – CNN

The political points he might have earned were quickly knocked off the board as he and a string of top aides acquiesced to the Kremlin's claims that Trump accepted Putin's denial of election interference. (Only the president's chief of staff Reince Priebus, who was not present for the Putin meeting, refuted the Kremlin account.) By Monday night, the White House once again found itself firmly under the storm of Russia controversies after a series of New York Times reports tied Trump's eldest son to alleged Russian government attempts to influence the election.

By the time the White House's No. 2 spokesperson Sarah Huckabee Sanders stepped up to the podium Monday, concerns over the Trump-Putin meeting were amplified by the revelation that the president's eldest son had met during the campaign with a Russian lawyer whom the younger Trump was told had dirt on Trump's Democratic rival, according to the Times.

The White House tried to veer away from those controversies, drawing attention to administration nominees they say Senate Democrats are blocking and presenting a rosy picture of efforts to rally Senate Republicans around health care reform legislation.

But the Russia controversies once again commanded the spotlight.

Sanders -- speaking once again off-camera -- was deluged with questions that underscored the rollicking 72 hours of fallout from Trump's encounter with the Russian leader, a period marked by clashing accounts of that meeting, eyebrow-raising Trump tweets and criticism from fellow Republicans aimed squarely at Trump.

Following the treasury secretary and national security adviser's lead, Sanders declined to contradict the Kremlin's account that Trump "accepted" Putin's denial of election-meddling.

"The President heard Putin's denial," Sanders said. "He heard his answer and he moved forward with places that they thought they could work together."

The lack of pushback on the Kremlin's account sent a stark message from the White House: That Putin's denials are at least on par with the US intelligence community's conclusions that Putin directed a campaign to interfere with the 2016 presidential election.

And Sanders again opened the door to the "impenetrable Cyber Security Unit" that Trump raised and killed in the space of a day on Twitter amid widespread criticism from Republicans like Sens. John McCain and Lindsey Graham, who mocked the irony of collaborating with Russia on cybersecurity.

"Discussions may still take place," Sanders said, after noting the "need to have conversations with our adversaries."

And after a brief attempt to swat away criticism surrounding the revelation that Donald Trump, Jr. had met -- alongside Trump son-in-law Jared Kushner and former Trump campaign chairman Paul Manafort -- with a Russian lawyer, Sanders said she'd have nothing further to add on the matter.

That story is not likely to be short-lived. It has already prompted calls from members of Congress for further scrutiny and is likely to add to the pile of Russia-related questions that Trump's nominee for FBI Director Christopher Wray will face Wednesday when he heads to Capitol Hill for his first confirmation hearing.

The barrage of questions on Russia-related matters was nothing new to a White House that has been buried week-after-week by developments in the investigation into ties between Trump campaign associates and Russia, and scrutiny over Trump's relatively amiable posture toward Russia.

And once again, the barrage was also a sign of a missed opportunity.

"If Trump had said to Putin -- and afterwards to the public -- that interference is absolutely unacceptable, that we won't allow it and will take steps to prevent it in the future, he might have begun to get ahead of this issue. But he bungled it badly," said Stephen Sestanovich, a Columbia University professor who served as ambassador-at-large for the former Soviet Union in the Clinton administration.

"By showing he can't handle Putin, he may even have made his problem worse," said Sestanovich, also a senior fellow at the Council on Foreign Relations.

Trump, meanwhile, remained behind closed doors on Monday -- continuing to avoid the press after he bucked the precedent set by the last two presidents and declined to hold a news conference at the G20 summit.

He did take to Twitter -- not to reaffirm his support for the US intelligence community's assessment of Russian meddling -- but to say he and Putin discussed the Democratic National Committee's refusal to turn over its hacked server to the FBI for inspection.

The latest drop in what's become a squall of Russia-related controversies once again clouded the White House's efforts to make progress on policy fronts.

As the Senate returned from recess facing daunting odds of passing health care reform, the White House was once again mired in controversy rather than working to publicly sell the health care bill.

But even as the number of Senate Republicans opposed to the health care bill backed by the White House rose to 10 after senators returned home to face their constituents, Trump had no public events on his schedule Monday and is not expected to make a public push on health care before leaving for France later this week.

The lack of any public advocacy from the president came even as the White House's director of legislative affairs Marc Short said Monday that "there's more we could do to educate the public."

"It's a fair point that the Democrats were more organized in their messaging on the bill than collectively Republicans have been," Short said, acknowledging the current bill's abysmal approval rating.

The lackluster public engagement from the President -- who has continued to speak directly with Senate Republicans, according to White House officials -- has left many Republicans scratching their heads or questioning Trump's commitment to the legislation's passage.

Doug Heye, the former communications chief to former House Majority Leader Eric Cantor, noted that Trump could "be very influential" in pressuring several GOP opponents of the current bill who represent states he won handily in 2016 if he headed to those states to boost the health care bill, similarly to how President Barack Obama rallied support for the Affordable Care Act before it passed.

"The only dynamic between where we are now and the past Republican struggles to pass any healthcare legislation is that we've got a Republican in the White House," said Heye, a CNN political commentator. "Whether that's Donald Trump or Jeb Bush or Marco Rubio -- that should be enough. If there's a fully engaged effort, that should be enough to get it over the finish line."

Trump has held some public events at the White House to push the health care bill, he has held no public events outside the White House aimed solely on selling the legislation and raising pressure on fellow Republicans.

While White House officials considered such rallies to push the health care bill, a White House official told CNN aides to the president moved away from that idea -- seeking to put some distance between the president and the increasingly unpopular bill.

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Amid health care push, White House can't shake Russia - CNN

What Virginia’s poorest citizens want from health care reform – PBS NewsHour

JUDY WOODRUFF: But first: As Republicans on Capitol Hill try to repeal and replace the Affordable Care Act, were going to spend the next couple of nights hearing what patients and health care providers think should be done.

Our team visited West Virginia and Virginia, which made very different decisions about Medicaid. West Virginia did commit to expanding Medicaid through Obamacare. But Virginia is one of 19 states that didnt. The states Republican-controlled legislature voted against expanding the program to 400,000 more citizens because of concerns over costs.

Tonight, we visit a clinic providing free care in the western corner of Virginia, a region that strongly supported the election of President Trump.

PAULA HILL, Clinical Director, The Health Wagon: My name is Dr. Paula Hill. Im a family nurse practitioner and clinical director here at the Health Wagon. We are at the Smiddy Clinic in Wise, Virginia. We actually say that were the forgotten Virginia, because were down in the corner with Tennessee and Kentucky borders.

And were very rural, very mountainous and very isolated from the rest of Virginia and a lot of ways the rest of the country. We have a high rate of heart disease, diabetes, and its because of the economics here.

JOYCE CAMPBELL, Patient, The Health Wagon: All the mines and stuff have just about closed down. And there really isnt any jobs around here.

My name is Joyce Campbell. Im from Wise, Virginia.

You know, I get $800 a month. And I am fortunate I do have an income coming in, with my Social Security. And the time you pay your rent, your electric, your water, your gas, you either have a choice of whether you want to buy your medicine or whether you want to eat.

PAULA HILL: The Affordable Care Act, when it was enacted, it did help a lot of Virginians. Down here in this part of the state, in far Southwestern Virginia, we didnt benefit as much because there are such dire economic constraints here. Our patients couldnt afford the Affordable Care Act. They couldnt afford $400 a month for a family plan.

And Virginia didnt expand Medicaid. We actually didnt benefit any. It would have helped if we had expanded Medicaid. It would have helped some of our residents anyway, because theres a dire amount of poverty. Theres people dying every day, and dying senseless deaths, because they dont have equal right to health care.

TINA BEAN, Patient, The Health Wagon: My name is Tina Bean. Im 59, and Im from Haysi, Virginia.

I had congestive heart failure twice. I didnt have insurance. And thats when I started coming to Paula, or coming to the Health Wagon. Without the medicines and stuff, I probably wouldnt be here.

When I heard about the Obamacare a few years ago and checked it and stuff, you could tell then that it wasnt going to work. People cant afford it.

JOYCE CAMPBELL: They call it Affordable Care Act. But its not. And they said you could keep your doctors. You couldnt because your doctors wouldnt take the thing. And they said you could go to the same hospital, but a lot of it was built on lies. If you really want to know the truth, I think and I think somebody one of these days is going to give an account for it.

JEFF TILLER, Patient, The Health Wagon: My name is Jeff Tiller. And Im 47 years old. And I have worked in the coal mines for 29 years. They diagnosed me for black lung. They done a chest X-ray. They also have found some nodules in my lung.

PAULA HILL: We are overwhelmed here at the Health Wagon. We have went to over almost 9,000 patients, and we have a staff of less than 20. Every year, we have an outreach clinic event called Remote Area Medical.

You will see them standing in line for dental care, for medical care, for vision. We have found people with dissecting aortic aneurysms thats had to be flown out. We have had patients have stroke right there in front of us at these Remote Area Medical events. We have had brain tumors that have been discovered, lung cancers that have been discovered.

And every year, its like this. We keep thinking, well, is it ever going to get better? Is anybody going to help these forgotten people? Theyre like something you would see in a Third World country.

JOYCE CAMPBELL: The Obamacare could have helped some people. I say it needs to be replaced.

TINA BEAN: I hope that they can replace it. I know its not going to be something they can do overnight, because the mess didnt come overnight.

JEFF TILLER: When I first started hearing that Obama getting ready for health care, Obamacare, I thought that was great. We tried it. We got it. Does it have faults? Yes, it does. Is it working? Yes, it is.

And I know right there in my hometown of people thats got insurance through the Affordable Care Act. And you reverse it, they lose their insurance.

WOMAN: If all of this goes through, I probably wont have anything. I dont know how Im going to get covered.

PAULA HILL: Because of the preexisting conditions?

WOMAN: Yes, right. And I have had it for years.

DR. PAULA HILL: If the Senate plan actually passes, there will be deep cuts to Medicaid. Even though Virginians didnt expand, what they are paying out is going to be even subjected to even more cuts.

Then you have the preventive care thats being discussed that theyre not going to be paying for anymore. Just because it wasnt a perfect plan, it doesnt mean do away with the whole thing. Why cant we build on it and repair it, not take it away and then start over with another plan thats not perfect and not ideal?

JOYCE CAMPBELL: It helped the insurance company, because they made all kind of money off of it. But, as far as helping a lot of poor people, it didnt, and it still isnt.

Now, we cannot afford the high cost like Obama had there. Theres no way that people in Southwest Virginia can handle it. Now, maybe up Washington, or way up where theres money and jobs, you could. But theres neither money nor jobs here.

TINA BEAN: They need to do something to help it. And, hopefully, the administration now, maybe they will do something.

JOYCE CAMPBELL: Washington, come to Southwest Virginia.

DR. PAULA HILL: Come down here and look in their eyes. And dont forget where you came from. Dont forget who put you in the position that youre in.

JOYCE CAMPBELL: Check the people. Look at them. Go sit on the streets. Go bring your car and park it and look at the people that are hurting. And then, if you have got a heart, you will know what it needs.

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What Virginia's poorest citizens want from health care reform - PBS NewsHour

White House ‘confident’ new health care bill will pass – New York Post

President Trump tweeted Monday that Senate Republicans wouldnt dare leave Washington before dealing with health care, and GOP leaders later said they could have a new bill drafted as early as this week.

I cannot imagine that Congress would dare leave Washington without a new HealthCare bill fully approved and ready to go! Trump tweeted at 6:47 a.m., as senators were returning to Capitol Hill after a weeklong recess.

Senate Majority Whip John Cornyn (R-Texas) told reporters to expect a tweaked version of the bill this week, with an updated Congressional Budget Office score to follow.

Hopefully next week well be prepared to take the bill up and vote on it, he added.

Republicans have less than two weeks to muster 50 votes before Congress six-week August recess.

At least 10 Republican senators have already declared their opposition to the original draft legislation.

Some holdouts, like Sen. Susan Collins (R-Maine), have suggested collaborating with Democrats to fix flaws in the 2010 ObamaCare law.

Collins told reporters Monday she hopes GOP leaders will introduce more than tweaks in their revised bill, or else I wont be able to support it.

Hours after Trumps Twitter warning, the White House was more optimistic.

Were confident that its going to pass before the August recess, said legislative affairs director Marc Short, who conceded that Democrats have been more organized in their [health care] messaging than I think collectively Republicans have.

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White House 'confident' new health care bill will pass - New York Post

Single protein controls genetic network essential for sperm development – Phys.Org

July 10, 2017

Scientists have found a single proteinPtbp2controls a network of over 200 genes central to how developing sperm move and communicate. The protein works by regulating how RNA is processed during each stage of sperm development.

The study is published in Cell Reports by Donny Licatalosi, PhD, Assistant Professor in the Center for RNA Science and Therapeutics at Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine.

Developing sperm are constantly chopping and trimming their genetic material. This process"splicing"allows the cells to select genes required for each developmental stage. Splicing produces small, trimmed pieces of RNA that serve as protein blueprints. By using different trimming patterns"alternative splicing"the cells can create multiple protein blueprints from a single gene.

Developing sperm use alternative splicing techniques more than other cell types. This produces high levels of alternatively spliced RNA fragments inside sperm progenitor cells, also called germ cells. Scientists are not sure how or why germ cells use alternative splicing at such a high rate.

"The importance of RNA splicing in sperm development has been a longstanding question," Licatalosi said. "We've known for decades that more alternatively spliced RNAs are made during germ cell development compared to most other developmental systems. But whether this is a tightly regulated process, or even a biologically meaningful one, is unclear."

Licatalosi's team is investigating how alternative splicing is controlled during sperm development. Their work focused on a proteinPtbp2that attaches to RNA near splicing sites. Understanding RNA splicing in germ cells could help researchers better understand mechanisms behind developmental defects in humans.

The researchers deleted the gene encoding Ptbp2 in germ cells, then investigated levels and functions of alternatively spliced RNAs in four different stages of sperm development.

All experiments were conducted at Case Western Reserve University (CWRU) School of Medicine. The CWRU Genomics Core assisted with genetic studies and the CWRU Tissue Resources Core helped prepare mouse cell and tissue samples. Licatalosi also collaborated with the CWRU Virology, Next Generation Sequencing, and Imaging Core to observe how the genetically-modified cells interacted with other cells under high-powered microscopes.

The research team discovered that without the Ptbp2 protein, alternative splicing for over 200 genes inside developing sperm went awry. Many of the affected genes encoded proteins involved in protein trafficking within the cell. As a result of their dysregulation, the germ cells could not properly move, transport materials, or communicate with other cells. The genetically-modified germ cells never properly developed into sperm. The results suggest Ptbp2 is central to RNA splicing processes inside germ cells and, consequently, proper sperm development.

Most strikingly, deleting the major protein also impacted other cellsSertoli cellsthat serve as guides for developing germ cells. Sertoli cells in the experiments had defects in their cellular scaffoldingcytoskeletonthat they use to physically move and interact with germ cells.

Said Licatalosi, "The most exciting part is that splicing defects in germ cells, caused by deletion of a splicing regulator gene only in germ cells, caused defects in the neighboring Sertoli cells. This observation underscores the importance of splicing regulation in cellular crosstalk between germ cells and Sertoli cells. This crosstalk is critical to ensure that the germ cells complete development and are not prematurely released before development is complete."

"The dynamics, regulation, and function of alternative splicing during spermatogenesis have remained largely unexplored. In this report, we provide data to significantly advance our knowledge of each of these aspects," wrote the authors.

Said Licatalosi, "Proper tissue development and function depends on highly orchestrated networks of different cell types talking to one another in an ordered and timely manner. Deficits in this process underlie a range of human diseases. Our data, and that from other labs, indicate that tissue-specific splicing regulators may have critical roles in establishing cell-cell networks necessary for proper tissue development and functionality."

According to Licatalosi, previous studies have suggested high levels of spliced RNAs "may be inconsequential, an artifact of the high levels of gene expression that occur during germ cell development. Our data argue that alternative RNA expression in sperm development is highly regulated, and this regulation is critical for the cells to complete development."

"The new insights provided by our study result from the integration of genetic, cellular, biochemical, bioinformatic, and deep sequencing approaches," Licatalosi noted.

Explore further: Scientists discover BCAS2 involved in alternative mRNA splicing in spermatogonia and the transit to meiosis

More information: Molly M. Hannigan et al, Ptbp2 Controls an Alternative Splicing Network Required for Cell Communication during Spermatogenesis, Cell Reports (2017). DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.05.089

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Single protein controls genetic network essential for sperm development - Phys.Org