The Dorothy Jackson-Southern Law School Performance Review Fiasco – The Hayride

Southern University is refusing to release any information on the investigation into one of its law school professors because those at the university feel as though it would violate the professors privacy. The woman under investigation is Dorothy Jackson, a board member and former attorney for the infamous East Baton Rouge Council on Aging. She teaches law at Southern, concentrating on elder and succession law, and she additionally runs the Elder Law Clinic there. But lets back up a bit.

Remember when Tasha Clark-Amar, who heads East Baton Rouges Council on Aging, weaseled her way into Helen Plummers will? Per her arrangement, she would receive $120,000 over the next 20 years to oversee the 95-year-old Plummers estate. Plummers family was outraged and claimed that Clark-Amar took advantage of her, refusing to pay the trustee fee, and the case became public when Amar sued the family (repeatedly). But who was the one that legally worked Clark-Amar into the will?

Dorothy Jackson she notarized Plummers will at Southerns law clinic. And so, Jackson was placed on administrative leave in April so that the law clinic could be properly investigated. She remains on administrative leave, although the investigation is wrapping up.

Winston DeCuir, an attorney representing the Southern University Board of Supervisors, spoke with The Advocate concerning the investigation. When they asked to see documentation from the investigation, however, DeCuir refused to share anything, essentially claiming that doing so would infringe upon Jacksons Fourth Amendment right to privacy.

Heres the problem with his reasoning: the Fourth Amendment protects American citizens against unreasonable invasions of privacy by law enforcement. It grants us security in our person, property, papers and effects: whats ours. The report from this investigation of a public university and a public employee is not hers to claim, is it? Whats more, the Fourth Amendment disallows unreasonable invasions of privacy, but if theres concern that an illegality has occurred, is it to be considered unreasonable?

The Advocates attorney, Scott Keaty, affirms this:

The public has an acute interest in ensuring that public business is subject to public scrutiny, particularly where, as here, a public employee has been investigated for her conduct in carrying out the functions of her public employer. More specifically, the substance and results of such an investigation must be disclosed in order that the public can be confident in the operations of its government both in how governmental employees have acted and how investigations of such employees have been conducted. There is simply no reasonable expectation of privacy in such situations.

Coincidentally, Jackson is not the only Southern employee whos both associated with the Council on Aging and on administrative leave these days. Brandon Dumas, Southerns vice chancellor for student affairs, resigned from his seat as board chairman because ofa violation of the boards bylaws.

So is protecting Dorothy Jacksons right to privacy the real reason this report hasnt been released? Well leave it up to the reader to decide.

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The Dorothy Jackson-Southern Law School Performance Review Fiasco - The Hayride

How President Trump Is Violating the First Amendment – Fortune

A man is seen with a laptop depicting an image of U.S. president Donald Trump with a Twitter logo displayed in the background in this photo illustration on 2 July, 2017.Jaap Arriens/NurPhoto via Getty Images

President Donald Trump has described himself on Twitter as MODERN DAY PRESIDENTIAL because of his use of social media. He has extolled the virtues of social media, allowing him to reach 100 million people without being intermediated by the Fake News Media. How presidential, effective, and good for America this novel approach to raw, direct communication is can be debated, but the legality of the presidents blocking Twitter users from receiving or replying to his posts based on their political viewpoints is beyond reasonable debate. It is a violation of the First Amendment of the Constitution.

On Tuesday, individuals who have been blocked by the president on Twitter filed a civil action in federal court in New York. That means Judge Naomi Reice Buchwald will soon opine on the presidents unconstitutional viewpoint discrimination. The complaint alleges that President Trumps Twitter account, @realDonaldTrump, has become an important public forum for speech by, to, and about the President and by blocking individuals from receiving and replying to his tweets, the president is engaging in viewpoint-based discrimination prohibited by the First Amendment. Constitution protects certain platforms of communication in order to promote, as the Supreme Court put it, the free exchange of ideas . In a traditional public forum, like a public street or park, or in designated public forums, which are f ms designated by the government as a channel of communication for public debate, speakers can be excluded only when the exclusion is necessary to serve a compelling state interest and the exclusion is narrowly drawn to achieve that interest.

As Ive detailed on the Lawfare blog , although the president has not formally designated the @realDonaldTrump Twitter account as a public forum, this is no mere private account. The presidents own spokesperson, Sean Spicer, has stated that the posts of the president on that account should be considered official statements by the President of the United States . The president uses this account to speak to matters in his official capacitysuch as discussing his meetings with foreign leaders, providing reasons for hiring the FBI director, sharing video of cabinet meetings, and, of course, covfefe. Courts have taken heed; the Court of Appeals cited one of the presidents tweets in determining the purpose of the presidents Travel Ban.

Blocking people from receiving the official statements of the president based on their viewpoints is patently unconstitutional. Moreover, with some 20,000 replies posted to a typical @realDonaldTrump presidential tweet, there is undoubtedly a thriving public forum where citizens are engaging with the president and each other about matters of national importance. To deny an individual or an institution the right to participate in this forum affects not only their right to free speech, but it also affects the rights of the listenersthose individuals and institutions who were deprived of being able to hear the speech that was stifled.

The individual plaintiffs identified in the complaint have all alleged that they have been blocked by the president based on replies they tweeted criticizing the president or his policies. And there are many others that have been similarly blocked. For example, the veteran advocacy group VoteVets, which claims to represent more than 500,000 veterans, reports that it was blocked by the president after it tweeted a criticism of the president and his policies.

The next steps for the president seem clear: Stop engaging in viewpoint discrimination and unblock those individuals and institutions punished for criticizing him or his policies. If he doesnt, the courts will issue a declaration that his actions are unconstitutional and order him to comply. To quote one of the presidents tweets: See you in Court.

Robert M. Loeb is partner at Orrick, Herrington & Sutcliffe, LLP, in its Supreme Court and appellate litigation practice, and was previously an appellate counsel at the U.S. Department of Justice. Anjali Dalal is an associate at Orrick, Herrington & Sutcliffe, LLP, a former judicial law clerk to Judge Sack of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit, and has published on issues of how the First Amendment applies to Internet postings.

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How President Trump Is Violating the First Amendment - Fortune

Alan Dershowitz: Donald Trump Jr.’s conduct likely covered by First … – Washington Times

Prominent Harvard law professor and liberal author Alan Dershowitz says Donald Trump Jr.s controversial meeting last year with a Russian lawyer is likely protected under the First Amendment.

Theres a big difference between the act of stealing, or the act of hacking, and the act of using it, Mr. Dershowitz told Fox Business host Neil Cavuto in an appearance Wednesday.

And theres really no difference under the First Amendment between a campaigner using information he obtained from somebody who obtained it illegally and a newspaper doing it, he continued. So I think this is conduct that would be covered by the First Amendment. It is also not prohibited by law. And theres been so much overwrought claim. There are people are talking about treason. I cant believe The New York Times had an op-ed yesterday in which treason was mentioned.

Mr. Trump Jr. on Tuesday released an email chain between himself and a British publicist that arranged a June 2016 meeting with Russian lawyer Natalia Veselnitskaya, who, according to the publicist, offered very high level and sensitive information about Hillary Clinton as part of the Russian governments support for Donald Trumps presidential campaign.

The younger Mr. Trump said Tuesday that the meeting turned out to be a waste of time and nothing came of it, but the revelation ramped up allegations from Democratic lawmakers that associates of President Trump may have colluded with the Russian government to influence the U.S. election. Some lawmakers, including Hillary Clintons running mate Tim Kaine, have said it could potentially lead to a treason investigation.

Mr. Dershowitz, however, said he doesnt see any crime at this point in Mr. Trump Jr.s behavior.

Even if the worst case scenario as far as we know now, is the Russians get in touch with Trump Jr. and say, we have some dirt on Hillary Clinton, come well give it to you and he goes and gets the information. Thats what the New York Times did with the Pentagon Papers, thats what the Washington Post did and many other newspaper did with information with Snowden and Manning, he told Newsmax Tuesday. You are allowed legally to use material that was obtained illegally as long as you had nothing to do with the illegal nature of obtaining the information, so at the moment I see no legal jeopardy for Trump Jr.

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Alan Dershowitz: Donald Trump Jr.'s conduct likely covered by First ... - Washington Times

Defending the First Amendment is not a ‘special interest’ – The Hill (blog)

In October 2005, I proudly raised my right hand and swore that as a United States Marine, I would defend our Constitution against all enemies, foreign and domestic. This oath separated me from my family for long periods of time and took me to dangerous places like Iraq.

I gladly made these sacrifices and would do so again because I believe this idea is worth defending at all costs.

And the thousands of grassroots CVA volunteers and supporters across the country share my commitment.

Founded by combat veterans and led by Executive Director Mark Lucas,an Army Ranger and Afghan war veteran who currently serves in the Iowa National Guard, CVA aims to preserve the freedoms we fought and sacrificed to defend.

Today, we are alarmed when those freedoms come under attack here at home, such as when state governments attempt to limit free speech, Americans most fundamental freedom. In Missouri, New Mexico, South Carolina, and elsewhere, government and elected officials have sought to force private organizations to reveal their supporters personal information.

There is avital relationship between freedom to associate and privacy in ones association,theSupreme Courtdeclared in the 1958 NAACP vs. Patterson case.

By invading that privacy, these disclosure laws are a clear assault on freedom of association and speech. These policies silencedissent and chill public debate and that is the goal of their sponsors.

CVA refuses to tolerate such attacks on American freedoms, and for this we were criticized.

Arecent attackcharged that our modest $5,000 online advertising campaign that we launched June 28 as part of our effort to defend the First Amendment was disrespectful to our nations founders and veterans, and further claimed that anonymity in political discourse poses a threat to our democracy.

This is an absurd argument to make at any time, but particularly as we celebrated our nations birthas patriotic displays go, a defense of free speech is right up there with fireworks and parades.

It was Thomas Paines anonymously released pamphletCommon Sensethat sparked the American Revolution. Without the pen of the author of Common Sense, the sword of Washington would have been raised in vain,John Adamsdeclared.

Under the pseudonym Publius, Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay eloquently pleaded the case for ratification of the Constitution. John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, and others also recognized the value of anonymous speech, which allows listeners to evaluate arguments solely on their merits, without a preconceived bias toward the speaker.

Anonymous speech is not dangerous to free people, who are, as theSupreme Courtput it, intelligent enough to evaluate the source of an anonymous writing. Instead, anonymous speech is dangerous to corrupt or oppressive governments, which throughout history, people like Thomas Paine have been able to criticizeanonymously or not at all, as theCourtnoted in 1960.

Whether anonymous or identified, free speech acts as a bulwark, repelling government threats to our liberties. And it has enabled Americans to advance the promise of freedom, from womens suffrage, to the civil rights movement, to the critical issues of our day.

The unfettered and open exchange of ideas has made ours the greatest nation in history a nation that millions have fought and died to protect. The veterans and volunteers at CVA will continue to unapologetically defend free speech across the country.

Dan Caldwell isthe director of policy for Concerned Veterans for America, which says its mission is to promote freedom and receives funding from donors across the country as well as the Charles and David Koch brothers.

The views of contributors are their own and not the views of The Hill.

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Defending the First Amendment is not a 'special interest' - The Hill (blog)

Trump is being sued by a First Amendment group for blocking Twitter users – The Verge

Columbia Universitys Knight First Amendment Institute is suing Donald Trump for blocking people on Twitter, claiming that it violates free speech protections. The institute filed suit today on behalf of seven Twitter users who were blocked by the president, which prevents them from seeing or replying to his tweets. It threatened legal action in a letter to Trump in June, and now asks the court to declare that the viewpoint-based blocking of people from the @realDonaldTrump account is unconstitutional.

The lawsuit, which was filed in the Southern District of New York, elaborates on the Knight Institutes earlier letter. It contends that Trumps Twitter account is a public political forum where citizens have a First Amendment right to speak. Under this theory, blocking users impedes their right to participate in a political conversation and stops them from viewing official government communication. Therefore, if Trump blocks people for criticizing his political viewpoints, hed be doing the equivalent of kicking them out of a digital town hall.

Trump has definitely used his Twitter account as an official platform. The White House confirmed that his tweets are official statements, and its preserving them as public presidential communications. However, its much less clear that it counts as a public forum, or that being prevented from viewing or participating in a Twitter thread chills free speech. Users can still view tweets by logging out or creating a new account, and as First Amendment lawyer and blogger Ken White told Vox, a successful lawsuit could make it difficult for any official Twitter account to block trolls or spammers without worrying about legal action.

Nonetheless, the Knight Institute has printed statements from its seven plaintiffs, who say they feel measurably impacted by the block. My Twitter following is relatively small, but because my tweets show up in the comment threads under the presidents tweets and can be seen by his millions of followers, my replies could gain traction, says surgery resident Eugene Gu. Now I have extremely limited access to the public forum where I once could be heard. I feel cut off and as though Im being treated like an outsider in my own country.

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Trump is being sued by a First Amendment group for blocking Twitter users - The Verge

ABC News: Christians Who Believe In The First Amendment Are A ‘Hate Group’ – The Federalist

ABC News Pete Madden and Erin Galloway smeared Christians who believe the Bill of Rights secures religious liberty as a hate group, in an article this week headlined, Jeff Sessions addresses anti-LGBT hate group, but DOJ wont release his remarks. The lede of the story made it clear this was not just the work of a rogue headline writer but the failure of the reporters themselves:

Attorney General Jeff Sessions delivered a speech to an alleged hate group at an event closed to reporters on Tuesday night, but the Department of Justice is refusing to reveal what he said.

First, a note that you can and should read the prepared remarks of the Attorney General here at The Federalist.

Who is this hate group? Alliance Defending Freedom is not a hate group at all, but a civil liberties organization that battles for religious liberty. And theyre not a fringe group either. They just weeks ago won their most recent Supreme Court victory Trinity Lutheran v. Comer 7-2. It was their fifth Supreme Court victory in seven years, during which time theyve had no losses at the high court.

And the group is ranked among the top law firms in the country for its successes at the Supreme Court.

Most recently the non-profit law firm found out that the Supreme Court agreed to hear another one of their cases dealing with artistic freedom and religious liberty.

To characterize such an accomplished civil rights group as a hate group is unacceptable and inexcusable. It boggles the mind why ABC News, in the midst of cratering credibility, would disparage Christian efforts in favor of religious liberty in such a mendacious way.

How in the world did this happen?

Well, for some reason ABC News chose to wholly adopt the Southern Poverty Law Centers framing for the significance of the attorney generals speech to the group. Check it out:

Heres why reporters such as Pete Madden and Erin Galloway should be wary before slightly rewriting SPLC press releases and passing off the work as their own. SPLC previously had a reservoir of credibility based on a history of good work exposing legitimately nefarious individuals and groups. In recent years, however, that reservoir has all but dried up as SPLC has gone after reasonable groups it merely disagrees with politically but labels as hate groups. It engages in this campaign while ignoring serious problems on the left.

SPLC has the gall to list the Family Research Council as a hate group, for instance, even after an SPLC follower used an SPLC hate map to locate the Family Research Council offices in Washington, D.C., and commit an act of terrorism and attempted mass murder against the group. Thankfully, the SPLC-inspired terrorist was stopped by the security guard he shot when he arrived. Read all about that incident here.

The most recent attempted assassination by a left-wing terrorist was also a follower of SPLC. As Jeryl Bier wrote in the Wall Street Journal, The Insidious Influence of the SPLC: Its branding of hate groups and individuals is biased, sometimes falseand feeds polarization.

Last week the SPLC found itself in the awkward position of disavowing the man who opened fire on Republican members of Congress during baseball practice. Were aware that the SPLC was among hundreds of groups that the man identified as the shooter liked on Facebook, SPLC president Richard Cohen said in a statement. I want to be as clear as I can possibly be: The SPLC condemns all forms of violence.

Its not just Christians who SPLC targets. SPLC also faces legal action for placing British Muslim author and counter-extremism activist Maajid Nawaz on an anti-Muslim hate list.

The Southern Poverty Law Center has put my name on a list that calls me an anti-Muslim extremist. I am the only Muslim on the list. This list has smeared my name and possibly put me in physical danger. This is a message to those who think they can throw around damning labels like Islamophobe racist and Nazi without any evidence and simply get away with it.

You can read more about Nawazs plight here at The Atlantic.

ABC News can certainly quote the Southern Poverty Law Centers extreme views, but it shouldnt build a story around the wholesale acceptance of their flawed premises. That turns journalism into anti-religious propaganda on behalf of a partisan group. Media outlets do not want to be perceived as enemies of average Americans. They should avoid giving people reason to view them as just that.

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ABC News: Christians Who Believe In The First Amendment Are A 'Hate Group' - The Federalist

Kids Learn Importance of First Amendment at ‘Speak Your Mind’ Summer Camp – WABI

AUGUSTA, Maine. (WABI) A little rain didn't stop kids from having fun at a week-long summer camp held at Viles Arboretum in Augusta.

Combining a nature camp with hands-on experiences that teach campers about being an active citizen, the 'Speak Your Mind' camp isn't your typical summer getaway.

Campers in Augusta are keeping their minds and bodies active on summer break. While the rain kept kids inside Thursday, they continued working on a mural depicting the five freedoms afforded to Americans by the first amendment.

"There happened to be five kids and five freedoms within the first amendment so they've each chosen a person to represent each of those. So we're in the process of painting that and that's one of our end projects," said Abigail Stratton, amp organizer from Children's Discovery Museum.

Ranging from ages six to eleven, these kids are getting the traditional summer camp experience by meeting new friends, participating in arts and crafts activities, as well as hiking and gaining a stronger appreciation for nature on less rainy days.

But they're also learning more about why the freedom of religion, the press, free speech, and the right to petition and assemble are so valuable as a citizen of this country at this new camp program offered by the Gannet House Project First Amendment Museum and the Children's Discovery Museum.

"It's important because it gives people the freedom to do things without the government telling them they can't or they have to do this or that," said Adelle MacLeay, a 9-year-old camper from Rome.

They're also exploring how to take ownership of their opinions by learning how to write letters to editors on topics and issues that are important to them, such as...

"How girls can change the way boys think of girls and to not let it bother girls," said Shee Sculli, a 10-year-old camper from Pittston.

"My cause is to stop polluting the water because some people like to fish in the water and if we keep polluting the water then there won't be any more fish," said Zuri Voorhees, an 11-year-old camper from Augusta.

Campers also drew themselves however they like accompanied by their favorite hobbies and interests.

"I made it out of tons of animal parts because I really like animals and they're my favorite thing in the whole wide world," said Michael, a six-year-old camper from Winslow.

While the camp's first year was a bit light in attendance, it fulfilled the intentions of organizers by giving kids the opportunity to express their opinions and ideas through storytelling, artwork, and writing.

"I would say it's been a great success so I think we could see this going forward," said Rebecca Lazure, camp organizer from Gannett House Project First Amendment Museum.

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Kids Learn Importance of First Amendment at 'Speak Your Mind' Summer Camp - WABI

Here’s The Speech Jeff Sessions Delivered To Christian First Amendment Lawyers – The Federalist

Thank you for that introduction.And thank you for the important work that you do every day to uphold and protect the right to religious liberty in this country. This is especially needed today.

While your clients vary from pastors to nuns to geologists, all of us benefit from your good workbecause religious liberty and respect for religion have strengthened this country from the beginning.In fact, it was largely in order to enjoy and protect these rights that this country was settled and founded in the first place, as those in this room especially know.

Our concepts of religious freedom came to us through the development of the Western heritage of faith and reason. In America, Madison and Jefferson advanced those concepts. Their victory was to declare religious freedom to be a matter of conscience inherent in each individual, not as a matter of toleration granted from the top. I propose that in America our understanding of religious freedom can only be understood within that heritage.

Our Founders wisely recognized that religion is not an accident of history or a passing circumstance. It is at the core of the human experience, and as close to a universal phenomenon as any. Each one of us considers with awe the stars in the sky and at the moral code within our hearts. Even today, in a rapidly changing world, a majority of the American people tell Gallup that religion is very important in their lives.

With this insight into human nature, they took care to reserve a permanent space for freedom of religion in America. That space is the very first line of the Bill of Rights.

And not just that line. Twelve of the 13 colonies authored state constitutions that protected the free exercise of religion. Six of the original 13 states had established churches, but almost every state made accommodations for religious minorities like Quakers or Mennonites. They did not insist that all follow the same doctrines. Every state constitution at the time of our Foundingand nowmentions God.

Our first president, George Washington, called for a national day of prayer. And he wrote to a Jewish congregation in Rhode Island that in America, all possess alike liberty of conscience.

In his farewell address, President Washington famously called religion the indispensable support of political prosperity [and a] great pillar of human happiness. He warned, Let us with caution indulge the supposition that morality can be maintained without religionReason and experience both forbid us to expect that national morality can prevail in exclusion of religious principle.

And Thomas Jefferson did not mention on his tombstone that he had served as president. He named three accomplishments: that he had founded the University of Virginia, authored the Declaration of Independence, and authored the statute of religious freedom in Virginia.

This national commitment to religious freedom has continued throughout our history, and it has remained just as important to our prosperity and unity ever since. When Alexis de Tocqueville visited this country, he noted in France I had almost always seen the spirit of religion and the spirit of freedom marching in opposite directions. But in America I found they were intimately united and that they reigned in common over the same country.

And of course it was faith that inspired Martin Luther King Jr. to march and strive to make this country stronger yet. His was a religious movement. The faith that truth would overcome. He said that we must not seek to solve the problem of segregation merely for political reasons, but in the final analysis, we must get rid of segregation because it is sinful. It undermined the promise, as he described it, that each individual has certain basic rights that are neither derived from nor conferred by the statethey are gifts from the hands of the Almighty God.

So our freedom as citizens has always been inextricably linked with our religious freedom as a people. It has protected both the freedom to worship and the freedom not to believe as well.

To an amazing degree, the value of religion is totally missed by many today. Our inside-the-beltway crowd has no idea how much good is being done in this country every day by our faith communities. They teach right behavior, they give purpose to life, and they support order, lawfulness, and personal discipline while comforting the sick, supporting families, and giving support to those in need. They are there at birth and death.

But the cultural climate has become less hospitable to people of faith and to religious belief. And in recent years, many Americans have felt that their freedom to practice their faith has been under attack.This feeling is understandable. Just last year, a Harvard Law professor publicly urged judges to take aggressively liberal positionsThe culture wars are over. They lost; we wonTaking a hard line is better than trying to accommodate the losers.

A lot of people are concerned about what this changing cultural climate means for the future of religious liberty in this country.The challenges our nation faces today concerning our historic First Amendment right to the free exercise of our faith have become acute. I believe that this recent election was significantly impacted by this concern and that this motivated many voters. President Trump made a promise that was heard. In substance, he said he respected people of faith and he promised to protect them in the free exercise of their faith. This promise was well received.

How, then, should we deal with this matter? America has never thought itself to be a theocracy. Our founders, at least the most articulate of them, believed our government existed as a protector of religious rights of Americans that were essential to being a created human being.

The government did not exist to promote religious doctrine nor to take sides in religious disputes that had, as they well knew, caused wars and death in Europe. Nor was it the governments role to immanetize the eschaton, as Bill Buckley reminded us. The governments role was to provide the great secular structure that would protect the rights of all citizens to fulfill their duty to relate to God as their conscience dictated and to guarantee the citizens right to exercise that faith.

The government would not take sides, and would not get between God and man. Religious rights were natural rights, not subject to government infringement, as the Virginia Assembly once eloquently declared.

Our freedom as citizens has always been inextricably linked with our religious freedom as a people.

Any review of our nations policies must understand this powerful constraint on our government and recognize its soundness. Yet this understanding in no way can be held to contend that government should be hostile to people of faith and is obligated to deprive public life of all religious expression.

In all of this litigation and debate, this Department of Justice will never allow this secular government of ours to demand that sincere religious beliefs be abandoned. We will not require American citizens to give intellectual assent to doctrines that are contrary to their religious beliefs. And they must be allowed to exercise those beliefs as the First Amendment guarantees.

We will defend freedom of conscience resolutely. That is inalienable. That is our heritage.

Since he was elected, President Trump has been an unwavering defender of religious liberty. He has promised that under a Trump Administration, the federal government will never, ever penalize any person for their protected religious beliefs.And he is fulfilling that promise. First, President Trump appointed an outstanding Supreme Court justice with a track record of applying the law as written, Neil Gorsuch. I have confidence that he will be faithful to the full meaning of the First Amendment and protect the rights of all Americans.

This understanding in no way can be held to contend that government should be hostile to people of faith and is obligated to deprive public life of all religious expression.

The president has also directed me to issue guidance on how to apply federal religious liberty protections. The department is finalizing this guidance, and I will soon issue it.

The guidance will also help agencies follow the Religious Freedom Restoration Act. Congress enacted RFRA so that, if the federal government imposes a burden on somebodys religious practice, it had better have a compelling reason. That is a demanding standard, and its the law of the land. We will follow it just as faithfully as we follow every other federal law. If were going to ensure that religious liberty is adequately protected and our country remains free, then we must ensure that RFRA is followed.

Under this administration, religious Americans will be treated neither as an afterthought nor as a problem to be managed. The federal government will actively find ways to accommodate people of all faiths. The protections enshrined in the Constitution and our laws protect all Americans, including when we work together, speak in the public square, and when we interact with our government. We dont waive our constitutional rights when we participate fully in public life and civic society.

This administration, and the upcoming guidance, will be animated by that same American view that has led us for 241 years: that every American has a right to believe, worship, and exercise their faith in the public square. It has served this country well, and it has made us not only one of the tolerant countries in the world, it has also helped make us the freeist and most generous. Thank you.

Jeff Sessions is the 84th Attorney General of the United States.

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Here's The Speech Jeff Sessions Delivered To Christian First Amendment Lawyers - The Federalist

Jitsi | Futurist Transhuman News Blog – prometheism.net

Featured questions (hide)

How do I get the latest Jitsi source code?

You could either clone the Git repository from GitHub (see Retrieving and Building the Sources for details) or use one of the nightly source snapshots (check the Download page).

Ive discovered a bug, what can I do?

Please, report it to the developers! Take a look at the Reporting bugs guidelines page describing the steps to report bugs effectively.

Where is the user profile directory?

Jitsis user profile directory is where Jitsi keeps its configuration, logs, etc. Its location depends on the operating system.

Where do I find the log files?

The easiest way to get hold of the log files is to save them to a location of your choice using Jitsis GUI. You can do so by clicking on ToolsOptions (JitsiPreferences on OS X), then selecting the Advanced tab and opening the Logging form. Youll see the Archive Logs button in there.

Check out the screenshot for an even better description.

Important Note: When asked for logs, please make sure that you provide the full set of logs, or better yet, the zip that Jitsi generates when following the above instructions. Please do not send separate files or file snippets as those are likely to be insufficient. If you need to provide the logs for a GitHub issue, send them to Dev Mailing List and link to the thread in the archive or create a Gist and link to it. Please DO NOT paste the log as a comment.

Otherwise, if you really want to know, the log files are located in:

Where is the configuration file?

Jitsis main configuration file is called sip-communicator.properties and is in the user profile directory.

How do you spell Jitsi and what does it mean?

The correct spelling of the application name is Jitsi (jitsi also works). The origin of the name is Bulgarian (spelled ). It means wires and the point is that the application allow you to connect to many network and people just as wires do. Of course no one other than Bulgarians is supposed to know what this means and we picked the name mainly because it was short and sounded good.

Id like to see a new feature in Jitsi, can you do that for me?

Yes, developers take feature requests into account. Send an email to the development list with a detailed description of the requested feature. After we examine its feasibility and decide whether it can be included in the Jitsi distributions you would likely be asked to open a ticket in our issue tracker. It is worth mentioning though, that handling feature requests is highly dependent of the developers availability and there is no guarantee that all requests will be satisfied.

How do I subscribe to mailing lists?

Please visit the Mailing Lists page to learn more about Jitsis mailing lists.

How do I contact the project developers?

You can ask questions concerning usage of the Jitsi on the dev mailing list (Note that the mailing lists are moderated, so, unless you subscribe to them, there may be a delay before your post shows up). For all urgent queries you could also use IRC at irc.freenode.net, channel #jitsi.

How do I send a patch?

Mail patches to the dev mailing list, with a subject line that contains the word PATCH in all uppercase, for example

A patch submission should contain one logical change; please dont mix N unrelated changes in one submission, send N separate emails instead.

The patch itself should be generated from within the project root directory using unified diff format. The following example shows one way to generate it:

You should give your patch files meaningful names. For instance if you fix a socket bug in the foo class do not call your patch file patchfile.txt but instead call it foo-socket.patch.

If the patch implements a new feature, make sure to describe the feature completely in your mail; if the patch fixes a bug, describe the bug in detail and give a reproduction recipe. An exception to these guidelines is when the patch addresses a specific issue in the issues database in that case, just make sure to refer to the issue number in your log message.

Note that unless you are describing a change rather than posting one, we would probably need you to sign our contributor agreement as either an individual or a corporation

I would like to update this wiki what can I do?

Currently, only project developers are permitted to update the wiki. Please send your suggested changes to the dev mailing list.

A wiki page can be updated by appending the string ?action=edit to the current url and refreshing the page. The page will then be displayed with an extra menu line that includes a Page Edit item.

If you click on the Page Edit item, you will be redirected to a logon page. Enter your developer username and password and you should be redirected back to the original page. Click on Page Edit again to access the source content of the page (a quick reference to wiki markup syntax is also displayed).

How do I reset my XMPP or jit.si password?

You can reset your jit.si password from within Jitsi. You can do the same for any XMPP account that allows it.

In the case of jit.si, you can also change your password via the web

Why cant I connect to ekiga.net?

NB: the problems described in this section also apply to other providers such as 1und1.de

Short Answer: The ekiga.net SIP servers are configured in a way that prevent Jitsi (and many other SIP user agents for that matter) to register with the service. Please use iptel.org or ippi.com instead.

Slightly Longer Answer: The service at ekiga.net is configured to only accept SIP REGISTER requests that contain a public IP address in their Contact header. This means that registration from Jitsi would fail unless you actually have a public IP address. The Ekiga client circumvents this by using STUN to learn the address and port that have been allocated for the current session. It then uses the pair in the SIP Contact header. This kind of use was common for the first version of the STUN protocol defined in RFC 3489 which was sometimes referred to as classic STUN.

The IETF has since significantly reviewed the way STUN should be used. The new version of the protocol is now defined in RFC 5389 which, among other things, advises against the use of STUN as a standalone NAT traversal utility:

Today STUN represents one of the tools used by complete traversal mechanisms such as SIP OUTBOUND (RFC 5626) or ICE (RFC 5245). Neither of these includes sending a STUN obtained address in a Contact header.

So, where does Jitsi currently stand on all this? At the time of writing, we support the ICE protocol but only use it with XMPP. Use with SIP is likely to come in the near future. The reason we havent implemented it yet is that most SIP servers currently open to use over the Internet, use a technique called latching. When such servers detect you are connecting from behind a NAT, they would start acting as a relay, receiving media from your peers and then forwarding it to you (and vice versa). While this is by far the most reliably way of traversing NATs, it does indeed imply some scalability constraints.

ICE on the other hand would only fall back to relaying if no other way was found to connect the two participants. This is why it is considered as a more optimal solution and why its also on our roadmap.

Note however that the constraints on ekiga.net would continue preventing Jitsi from connecting even when we do implement support for ICE.

Why do I see ICE failed errors when trying to make calls.

Jitsi implements a number of NAT traversal methods as described here. In many situations we will be able to setup a call directly between you and other users but in order to be able to reliably establish calls, your XMPP or SIP provider has to provide relaying capabilities such as TURN, Jingle Nodes or . If looking for services that support these you can try jit.si or ippi. Also note that both you and your partner need to have unhindered outgoing UDP access to the Internet or at least to your VoIP service provider. You DO NOT however need to map any port numbers on your home router. At best this is going to have no effect.

Does Jitsi support STUN? (and how about TURN, UPnP and Jingle Nodes?)

STUN, together with TURN, Jingle Nodes, IPv6 and UPnP, is one of the techniques that Jitsi uses as part of the Interactive Connectivity Establishment (ICE) protocol to handle NAT traversal for calls made over XMPP.

For its SIP calls, Jitsi currently relies on servers to relay media (a technique also known as Hosted NAT Traversal or latching, which would be the case of the majority of the SIP servers used on the Internet today. Note that in terms of reliability Hosted NAT Traversal gives the same results as use of ICE. It even works better in some ways because the connection is setup immediately and no time is waisted for gathering candidates and making connectivity checks. The only downside of HNT is that it may put a strain on SIP providers requiring more bandwidth. This could become a problem especially in environments with a high number of all IP high quality video calls.

It is likely that ICE support for SIP calls would also be added to Jitsi in 2014 especially since this would also help with WebRTC compatibility.

Standalone support for STUN is NOT going to be part of Jitsi. Check out the ekiga entry for more information on the shortcomings of STUN as a standalone NAT traversal utility.

I have a few questions regarding ZRTP, SRTP and VoIP security in general. Where can I find some answers?

Check out our ZRTP FAQ.

Why does my call stay in the Initiating Call status and I can never connect?

A common reason for providers not to respond to calls is that they simply dont get the INVITE request Jitsi sends to them. This can happen if you are using UDP. The Jitsi INVITE requests may often exceed the maximum allowed packet size (MTU) for your network or that of your server. In such cases packets may be fragmented by your IP stack and fragmentation for UDP does not always work well in certain networks. This is what happens when a client supports multiple features ;). To resolve the issue you can do one of the following:

How does on-line provisioning work?

On-line provisioning is the feature that allows Jitsi to connect to an http URI every time it starts and retrieve part or all of its configuration there. On-line provisioning is often used by providers to remotely configure the clients they maintain. It can be used to set any property in Jitsi such as the codecs used, the features that users can manually configure and even protocol accounts.

When requesting its provisioning information Jitsi can transmit any of a number of parameters to the server, like for example: the OS it is running on, user credentials, a unique ID and others. This way the provisioning server can fine-tune the parameters it sends to Jitsi.

For more information, please check our on-line provisioning manual

Are my chat sessions protected and if so, how?

Jitsi supports the OTR encryption protocol. OTR stands for Off-the-Record Messaging and once youve set it up (i.e. clicked on that padlock icon in a chat window and verified the identity of your contact) it allows you to make sure that no one other than you two can read your messages, not even your service provider. You can find more on the OTR mechanisms here:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Off-the-Record_Messaging

Should logging be disabled by default when using OTR?

By default Jitsi stores all chats so that if you need any information from them it would always be available. If you would like to disable this behavior you can currently do so by opening Jitsis Options/Preferences, selecting the General pane and then unchecking the Log chat history option near the top. It is also possible to disable chats for specific contacts, to erase their history. An indicator in the chat window makes it aware at all times whether history is on or off while chatting with someone.

OTR protected chats follow the same pattern and some users have expressed concerns that this might be incompatible with their security expectations. Our position on this is that Jitsis role is to protect your communication. We also strive to offer usability. The current defaults represent these objectives: most people would prefer for their private communication not to be readable by third parties and most of the time people use Jitsi from personal devices where they are in control of the access policy.

In some cases users may wish for their communications not to be stored locally. This can be the case when using Jitsi on devices that others may also have access to. In such cases users need to be able to easily see whether history is being logged. They would also need to easily turn this off and potentially even erase previous history.

Note however that this subject is entirely different from the encryption one. They are separate measures meant to protect you against separate attacks or problems. We dont believe that the need for one would necessarily imply the need for the other. We are hence committed to also keeping that separation in the user interface.

Force SIP Message support.

Some SIP servers (Asterisk in particular) do not announce the MESSAGE support, despite supporting it. If you enable the account property FORCE_MESSAGING, Jitsi will attempt to use MESSAGE for chats, despite your configured SIP server not explicitly announcing this support to connected clients. For example, if your SIP account is john.smith@example.com, go to property editor type that in the search field and look for something like

net.java.sip.communicator.impl.protocol.sip.acc0123456789.ACCOUNT_UID with the value SIP:john.smith@example.com

The property to add in that case would be:

net.java.sip.communicator.impl.protocol.sip.acc0123456789.FORCE_MESSAGING with the value true.

How to add/edit configuration properties.

You can do so by clicking on ToolsOptions (JitsiPreferences on OS X), then selecting the Advanced tab and opening the Property Editor form. There you can search edit/delete or create new properties.

Is there an an Android version of Jitsi?

Yes, but it is still in an early alpha stage and further development has been put on hold until further notice. A lot of the user interface is not yet implemented. You can find the apk on the Download page.

Is there an iPhone/iPad version of Jitsi?

No. Due to the restrictions imposed by the platform it is highly unlikely this answer is going to change.

The cc-buildloop target of ant fails with the following error message: Could not create task or type of type: junitreport.

On some Linux distributions such as Debian, the ant package is actualy subdivided into multiple packages. So when you chose to install junit and ant with the distribution specific package system, dont forget to install ant-optional too.

The cc-buildloop target of ant fails with the following error message: No test with id=IcqProtocolProviderSlick.

Have you created your own accounts.properties file in the lib directory? Youll need to define two ICQ test accounts at least, and preferably some test accounts for the other supported protocols.

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FAQ | Jitsi

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See original here: FAQ | Jitsi | Futurist Transhuman News Blog

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Continue reading here: Jitsi | Futurist Transhuman News Blog euvolution.com

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Jitsi | Futurist Transhuman News Blog - prometheism.net

Mozilla is held to a higher standard – Ghacks Technology News

If you follow tech news or my site, you have probably stumbled upon the Firefox uses Google Analytics controversy by now.

Let me refresh your memory if you have not. A user of Firefox discovered that Mozilla Firefox connects to Google Analytics when users of the browser load the Get Add-ons page of about:addons.

That page displays a remote web page on Mozilla's website when loaded, and that's where the Google Analytics connection comes into play.

Mozilla stated in a response that it has brokered a special deal with Google which anonymizes the data, and prevents Google from using it internally or externally.

While that is commendable, it does not touch the core of the issue that privacy-conscious users have with the implementation.

The core issue for users who criticize Mozilla for using Google Analytics is the connection to Google Analytics, or in broader terms to Google, and that Firefox does not inform users about it, or provide the means to block it by default, or that the connection happens at all.

Note: Mozilla reacted quickly to the reported issue, and Firefox users may enable Do Not Track in the browser to disable the Google Analytics script on the Get Add-ons page of the browser.

Firefox users may enable Do Not Track by loading about:preferences#privacy in the browser's address bar, and setting the option to "always". Note End

Mozilla may be right when it states that Google won't touch the data because of the deal. There is no evidence that the company does otherwise, even though it would be difficult to prove that. The whole incident may be blown out of proportions, but that is not what is bothering users who criticize Mozilla for the use of Google Analytics.

Read also: Firefox Add-ons Roadmap for 2017

What Mozilla fails to realize in my opinion is that there is a subset of Firefox users which holds the organization to higher standards than any other browser maker when it comes to privacy (except the Tor Browser guys probably).

This does not come out of the blue, as Mozilla presents itself as an organization that values user privacy and security. The fourth principle of Mozilla confirms this for instance:

Individuals' security and privacy on the Internet are fundamental and must not be treated as optional.

A connection to Google Analytics goes against these privacy principles, at least for Firefox users who take privacy seriously. It does not really matter whether Mozilla brokered a special deal with Google or not, what is collected and what is not, or what happens to the data that gets collected.

The fact that data lands on Google servers, and thus outside of control of Firefox users or Mozilla, is what is bothering users who criticize Mozilla for integrating the script on the page that Firefox loads.

In short: The stance that privacy conscious Firefox users have is that Firefox should never make connections to third-party sources, especially not to Google, Microsoft or any other major player in the advertising world, without user consent.

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Mozilla is held to a higher standard

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3 life pro tips for the teen cryptocurrency trader who’s already made thousands – MarketWatch

Navigating the treacherous cryptocurrency market is not for the faint of heart. While the gains over the past year have certainly been spectacular, the recent whipsaw reversal is a reminder of just how wrenching it can be.

As you can see, bitcoins BTCUSD, +0.04% path to recent nosebleed levels has seen its share of sizable drawdowns, including the current one.

So whats a trader to do? And in this case, whats a 13-year-old whos already turned $2,200 in profits dabbling in the crypto market to do?

Thats the question Sam of the popular Financial Samurai blog tackled after one middle-schooler asked for some help plotting his financial future.

Heres the letter he received:

Im 13, live in an upper middle-class family, have good grades in school, and want to start planning out my future now. I want to learn the major mistakes other people have made before I can even grasp the chance to do the same.

I run an eBay .account where I make ~$400 gross a month buying and reselling high tier shoes and clothing. The money usually ends up in my desk drawer, but I have been dabbling in the investment of cryptocurrency and I have turned around a $2,200 profit so far.

I know that money comes with work and gambling for it is the worst thing you could do. I want to be able to live a happy and wealthy life and I know I have all the utilities but I dont know what to do. I am willing to work and take risks to sustain financial growth but I dont know where to start.

If anyone is willing to give me three pieces of advice for my future I will take them with full consideration. Thanks! Daniel

Wise beyond his years, clearly. But its just as clear that Daniel has a lot to learn, and quite likely, a lot of lumps to take in the coming years.

First off, Sam, who acknowledges that he was much more interested in girls, skateboards and beer at that age, told Daniel to go ahead and be a kid while he can. Dont get too bogged down in real life just yet. Enjoy middle school while it lasts, then hit the books hard when high school rolls around.

People today who complain about life not being fair more often than not didnt take school extremely seriously. Education is what will set you free, he said. Get the best grades and test scores possible to give yourself as many options as possible.

His second piece of advice is to learn from the inevitable mistakes. At this age, Daniel can recover from any sort of hits he takes.

Investing in cryptocurrencies sounds like a great way to make and lose everything, Sam said. If you end up losing your $2,200 profit by not at least taking some profits, youll always be reminded about this loss before making more significant investments.

He explained that people who only started investing after 2009 are in for a rude awakening.

Never ever confuse brains with a bull market, he said. Study the previous bubble implosions to better prepare yourself for the next one.

Lastly, Sam tells Daniel to always focus on building his personal brand, and take care in crafting an online image that wont backfire. The internet never forgets.

Dont post compromising pictures of yourself that might come back to haunt you. Dont write hateful commentary, only love or nothing at all, he said. Focus on helping someone first before asking for help. Be resilient. And never fail due to a lack of effort. If you can consistently tilt towards the positive, you will surround yourself with other positive people in return.

And, of course, listen to mom and dad.

Any more advice for Daniel? Share in the comments section.

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3 life pro tips for the teen cryptocurrency trader who's already made thousands - MarketWatch

Here’s How Entrepreneurs Are Making Cryptocurrency Mainstream and Starting a Revolution – Inc.com

Less than a year ago, the average human did not know what cryptocurrency was. The market was limited mostly to a techy crowd of developers and very early adopters, considering Bitcoin was the only major currency on the block back then. But thanks to a number of really smart entrepreneurs, rising prices, and a powerful community, everything is changing and crypto is going mainstream.

Ethereum, Stratis, Sia, AntShares/NEO, TenX, and others are leading the charge of the technological revolution that is blockchain. Cryptocurrency-based crowdfunding known as Initial Coin Offerings (ICOs) are also a major player in the revolution. Blockchain startups like TenX have raised $80 million dollars in a matter of literal minutes to solve a big challenge for cryptocurrency holders--actually spending the currency in the real world.

Entire governments, such as China's, are considering utilizing a national digital currency. Even the president of Russia, Vladimir Putin, met with the founder of Ethereum, Vitalik Buterin. All of this good press and positive outlook has caused many billions of dollars to be added to the market in the last seven months.

The excitement about the cryptocurrency market has attracted a lot of entrepreneurs who are looking to disrupt big industries through Blockchain technology.

I think of Blockchain disruption as creating disrupters to the disrupters. This new wave of Blockchain startups, such as Sia, are looking to disrupt companies like Dropbox and Amazon AWS. If they are even remotely successful, we are looking at many 10s if not 100s of billions of dollars being added to the overall cryptocurrency market as they continue to grow.

Another example of entrepreneurship at its finest is TenX. They are literally solving the biggest spending issue in cryptocurrency, actually making the tokens spendable in the real world. They are using debit/credit cards that physically store cryptocurrency then instantly convert them into Fiat (USD, EUR, YEN, etc.).

Stratis is considered a sleeper cryptocurrency because of its relative low price compared to its technological advancement. It's a BaaS (Blockchain as a Service) platform that aims to provide enterprise level Blockchains and services to companies like Microsoft. AntShares/NEO is also considered a sleeper cryptocurrency by many.

The cryptocurrency market can seem volatile compared to traditional markets. There is more up and down movement, but the general trend line is a strong uptrend. A lot of people believe Ethereum alone will be worth over $1,000 a token in the next year or two. That will drive the prices of many other currencies up a lot.

Bitcoin, the oldest of popular cryptocurrencies and current market leader in terms of market cap, but not technology, is facing a potential split on or around August 1. There are a number of possible scenarios, including breaking Bitcoin into two separate coins. This could cause what is referred to as The Flippening to occur, and if it does, look for Ethereum to rapidly gain in price and for Bitcoin to fall from its first-place market share.

If (or, most likely, when) this event does happen, Ethereum could be more of the market indicator than Bitcoin currently is. Meaning, if Ethereum goes up, everything else tends to go up, which has been the case for Bitcoin recently, as it tends to control the market.

The market as a whole has been particularly strong in recent weeks. Ethereum was worth as much as $420 a token and as little as the $180 range in the last few weeks. But the strength of the market really shined when the $180 "drop" happened and it quickly re-tested $200 multiple times and showed that $200 was the current floor price. This creates a sense of security in the market and helps people believe in it more long term when they see these quick rebounds from drops in price.

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Here's How Entrepreneurs Are Making Cryptocurrency Mainstream and Starting a Revolution - Inc.com

Tezos raises $232 million for new cryptocurrency project – American Banker

Tezos, a new cryptocurrency network that could compete with Ethereum, raised a record-breaking $232 million in a nearly two-week-long token sale that closed on Thursday.

Although the first version of its network has yet to launch, Tezos has piqued the interest of major investors and cryptocurrency experts. It promises to support smart contracts and offer innovations in governance for decentralized systems that could prevent the sort of infighting that has consumed the bitcoin community for more than a year.

Among those who see value in it are venture capitalist Tim Draper and Olaf Carlson-Wee, formerly the first employee at Coinbase and now the founder and CEO of Polychain Capital, a San Francisco hedge fund that focuses exclusively on blockchain assets. Zooko Wilcox, the founder and CEO of privacy-focused cryptocurrency Zcash, serves as a Tezos adviser.

Tezos's founders, the husband-and-wife team Arthur and Kathleen Breitman, have been developing the technology since mid-2014, when they published the white paper describing what they hoped to accomplish. Between them, they have backgrounds at Goldman Sachs, Morgan Stanley and R3, a blockchain consortium of which dozens of banks are members.

When Tezos's token salea special kind of crowdfunding campaign also known as an "initial coin offering," or ICOfinally launched on July 1, it inspired a mad dash among investors. The project ultimately took in 65,627 bitcoins and 361,122 ether, according to its website.

The value of both cryptocurrencies has fallen sharply in recent days, but, even at relatively low current prices, Tezos raked in enough digital money to smash the previous ICO record of about $150 million set by another blockchain project, Bancor, in June.

Thanks in large part to Bancor and Tezos, the amount of money raised by blockchain startups through ICOs has far surpassed the amount raised through traditional venture capital in 2017. Because of the extreme volatility of the cryptocurrencies used to fund ICOs, it is tough to pin down a round number for the total amount raised so far this year, but it appears to be more than $700 million at then-current prices.

Most of the projects that have raised funds through token sales are built on top of an existing blockchain, usually Ethereum's. But Tezos will be an entirely new protocol with its own rules.

Tezos is also one of the few token projects that has gained support from traditional investors. Tim Draper participated in the ICO and also invested an undisclosed sum in Dynamic Ledger Solutions, the Breitmans' startup that is behind Tezos.

Participants in the crowdsale will be given Tezos network tokens, known as "tezzies," in exchange for their investment, but not until the network launches. That is expected to happen in four months or so. Investors are betting that as the network grows and proves its worth, the exchange value of their tokens will riseperhaps exponentially.

Ethereum's own crowdsale raised about $18 million in 2014. The total market capitalization of ether is now more than $19 billion, according to CoinMarketCap, which tracks the fluctuating value of blockchain assets.

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Tezos raises $232 million for new cryptocurrency project - American Banker

Goldman Sachs Awarded Cryptocurrency Patent – ETHNews

On July 11, 2017, the United States Patent and Trademark Office granted Goldman Sachs a patent for a Cryptographic currency for securities settlement. The patent, which was originally filed in October 2014, includes a cryptographic protocol and a supporting virtual wallet that, in various embodiments, is a security and cash account for storing and managing the cryptographic currency.According to the document, the virtual multi-asset wallet possesses the ability to generate, manipulate, and store SETLcoins, a new cryptocurrency for exchanging assets, like securities, cash, and cash equivalents, through a peer-to-peer network.

For example, a virtual wallet can exchange (e.g., via a transaction method described below, such as a two-phase transaction) one or more SETLcoins for, e.g., U.S. dollars and/or other currency at a brokerage account, deposit account, bank account or other financial storage entity. Alternative or additionally, U.S. dollars and/or other currency at a brokerage account, deposit account, bank account or other financial storage entity can be exchanged for one or more SETLcoins in virtual wallet on the peer-to-peer network.

SETLcoins can house one or more securities. Using the wallet, traders can immediately exchange stocks in companies like IBM and Google for cryptocurrenciesby sending transaction messages. Each transaction message includes a transaction and digital signature. And once a message is broadcasted to the network, settlement is immediately processed by a two-phase commitment protocol and/or trusted node that both traders mutually agree to have act as coordinator (including each other).

SETLcoins are exchangeable for, e.g., other SETLcoins and/or other cryptographic currencies (e.g., peercoins). For example, a single IBM-S SETLcoin may be exchangeable for one or more "GOOG" SETLcoins (i.e., Google shares), for 13,000 USD SETLcoins, 100 litecoins, and/or for 5 bitcoins.

Since the introduction of bitcoin in 2008, the popularity of cryptocurrencies and blockchain technology has increased tremendously in the financial service industry. Due to a sizeable market cap and wide array of sought-after options like Ethereum, Litecoin, NEM, and Ripple, the cryptocurrency market is becoming more attractive as an investment opportunity for financial magnates. This has led banking giants like Goldman Sachs to begin analyzing the market for clients and concentrating investments in technologies, like SETLcoins, that bridge cryptocurrency and blockchain technology with the financial sector.

Dan is a US Army veteran and Los Angeles-based writer passionate about science and technology, current events, human rights, economic impacts, and strategic calculus. Dan is a full time staff writer for ETHNews and holds value in Ether.

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Goldman Sachs Awarded Cryptocurrency Patent - ETHNews

Latest Cryptocurrency Exchange Hack Highlights Need for Better Security Protocols – Bitcoin Magazine

It comes with the territory that digital currency will be susceptible to digital threats. Hacking and theft have almost grown up side by side with things like Bitcoin, and, as the popularity and value of the digital currency rises, its attraction to thieves also grows.

The most recent major hack has seen one of the top five biggest Bitcoin and Ethereum exchanges, Bithumb in South Korea, fall prey to hackers. The hack was confirmed July 5 when information, as well as hundreds of millions of South Korean won, were been made off with in an attack with a difference.

Most exchanges know they are susceptible to network intrusion via their internal systems, but the entry point in this instance was through the personal computer of one of the exchange's employees. Thus it was not the standard network compromise, rather a more sophisticated phishing attack that led to the information heist.

It was personal information, such as names, email address and phone numbers of clients that were predominantly taken luckily no passwords but this was enough for the hackers to target customers and drain their accounts of their cryptocurrency.

Since the highly publicized Mt. Gox hack in 2014, in which 800,000 bitcoins were stolen, exchanges have boosted their security astronomically. Mt. Gox almost spelled the end of Bitcoin as people lost a lot of faith as well as a lot of money in the security systems of cryptocurrencies.

While security has been boosted in recent times, and thievery and hacking is far less common, it is still a threat that is ongoing and sometimes hidden.

In fact, Bithumb customers had forwarded complaints on a Korean social media site about threats of attacks, yet not much extra was done on the part of the exchange to try and quell these worries or protect clients.

The exact figure stolen is still unknown as Bithumb is trying to play it off as less of a hack and more of a phishing attack for information. However, despite what they are trying to convey, Bithumb has to admit that the 30,000 customers whose information was compromised were victims of a dangerous cryptocurrency attack.

The Korean exchange has come forward and said it will be compensating those whose data was compromised. Even those customers who would have lost nothing other than data will be getting paid 100,000 Korean Won, which is equivalent to around $86.50 USD for the inconvenience. The hope for Bithumb is that they will be able to retain some of these clients who surely will be feeling much more vulnerable and less trusting.

Bithumb's transactions with bitcoin make up almost 3 percent of the entire market, but it is its share of ether transactions thats its major claim to fame: 13.5 percent of the total ether market goes through Bithumbs exchange.

It is a major blow for a big player in the exchange game, and it is a blow that will be felt in the global digital currency sphere. Trust has slowly been rebuilt for those who have lived through the teething stages of Bitcoin security, and, as the door opens on new and mainstream markets, hacks like this can cause adopters to have second thoughts.

However, one aspect of digital security that has changed since bitcoin has been accepted by a much wider audience is that governmental agencies are taking it under their wing.

There are differing stages of regulation for digital currencies, but these arguably bring with them added security. In the case of Bithumb, Koreas Internet and Security Agency has plans to initiate a probe into this cyber attack with a full investigation to follow.

See the article here:

Latest Cryptocurrency Exchange Hack Highlights Need for Better Security Protocols - Bitcoin Magazine

Freeze! Japan Cryptocurrency Business Association Prepares For Bitcoin Fork – ETHNews

News wallets and exchanges

In anticipation of the upcoming user-activated soft fork on the Bitcoin blockchain, Japans Cryptocurrency Business Association is creating guidelines for virtual currency exchanges to protect customer investments.

According to a report by Nikkei Asian Review, Japans Cryptocurrency Business Association (JCBA) has begun preparing for the looming bitcoin fork that is expected on August 1. The association brings together leaders from banks, securities firms, exchanges, and other virtual currency businesses in Japan. It counts board members from Kraken, Coincheck, and Money Partners among its ranks. The association is chaired by director Tadayoshi Okuyama (Japanese: ).

Ahead of the user activated soft fork on the Bitcoin blockchain, the JCBA has issued guidance to key stakeholders and association members. Through a freeze, the association hopes to protect customer assets. The halt in trading may last anywhere from one day to a full week.

However, the report by Nikkei attests that some exchange operators (including Bitbank and Tech Bureau) will allow trading to continue, simply suspending deposits and withdrawals until the dust has settled from the fork. As of this publication, the countrys largest bitcoin exchange, BitFlyer, has not chosen a course of action.

As demonstrated by the GDAX flash crash, thin trading books could threaten investors. With this in mind, its vital for bitcoin exchanges (in Japan and worldwide) to plan for a few contingencies.

First, companies ought to keep their customers apprised of the forks implementation and the timeline for exchange freezes, if applicable. Next, the exchanges should provide customers with sufficient time to withdraw their investments if desired. After the fork, companies ought to provide a roadmap for which chain (or chains) they will support. This will help restore investor confidence and ensure that customers receive exactly what they are due. Coordinating disbursement of fork funds may prove challenging initially, so its crucial to keep customers in the loop.

The US-based GDAX has already taken that step, posting on its blog about the companys intentions to implement safeguards for addressing the fork.

Fortunately, for the most part, Japanese exchanges also appear to be proactive in their preparation. At this point, its virtually impossible to determine which Bitcoin blockchain will become dominant or how market share will be impacted. Still, investor protection should remain a priority for all.

Matthew is a writer with a passion for emerging technology. Prior to joining ETHNews, he interned for the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission as well as the OECD. He graduated cum laude from Georgetown University where he studied international economics. In his spare time, Matthew loves playing basketball and listening to podcasts. He currently lives in Los Angeles.

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Freeze! Japan Cryptocurrency Business Association Prepares For Bitcoin Fork - ETHNews

AP Explains: Bitcoin’s Possible Financial Panic – New York Times

The coins are created by computer farms that "mine" them and verify other users' transactions by solving complex mathematical puzzles. Miners receive bitcoin in exchange. It's also possible to exchange bitcoin for U.S. dollars and other currencies.

Bitcoin has been touted as a currency of the future, but so far it hasn't proven very popular as a way to pay for goods or services. Its price, however, has soared amid the uncertainty. Bitcoin prices peaked in June above $3,000, and while it's fallen back to around $2,300, that's still more than triple what it was a year ago.

___

SO WHAT'S THE FUSS ABOUT?

In a word, speed.

The bitcoin network is limited in how quickly it can shuffle around digital money. As bitcoin has grown, payment delays have become more common and worrisome.

Some software developers came up with a new way to speed things up by reengineering bitcoin's universal ledger, a file called the blockchain. Supporters of the new method include Microsoft, the bitcoin exchange Coinbase and a variety of other bitcoin proponents who would like to see the currency used more widely in commerce.

But this bitcoin software update doesn't have unanimous support.

___

WHAT HAPPENS ON JULY 31?

The reformers say they've run out of patience, and so have set a deadline for moving to the new system.

At 8 p.m. Eastern time on July 31, they're threatening to stop recognizing transactions confirmed by miners who haven't adopted the upgrade. That would create enormous uncertainty in the bitcoin economy, since no one could really know if the bitcoin they'd just paid (or received) was actually moving through the system the way it's supposed to.

Some big bitcoin miners like Chinese bitcoin mining equipment giant Bitmain haven't signaled support for the new system. A rift could result in two or even more incompatible versions of bitcoin.

___

WHAT WOULD THAT MEAN?

Generally speaking, chaos though mostly limited to those who use or squirrel away bitcoin. No one using bitcoin could be sure which version they held, or what might happen if they spent it or accepted bitcoin as payment.

Taking bitcoin, for instance, could leave you with currency you couldn't spend freely and that might disappear entirely if it ended up being the "wrong" kind.

That's one reason the community-supported website Bitcoin.org warned users Wednesday not to accept any bitcoin up to two days prior to the deadline and to wait for confirmation the situation had been resolved before trading again.

"It's a rather awful situation," said David Harding, who posted the warning for Bitcoin.org, in an email.

___

WHAT'S BEHIND THIS FIGHT?

Money, of course. Some companies that pool miners together believe the new system could result in lower transaction fees, cutting into their profits. At the same time, the reformers foresee new business opportunities in a faster, more reliable form of bitcoin.

Samson Mow, chief strategy officer at blockchain developer Blockstream, said the looming showdown has been propelled by bitcoin users frustrated at having a "simple bug fix" blocked by miners out for profit.

"People are fed up," he said. "The users are taking back their voice."

___

Excerpt from:

AP Explains: Bitcoin's Possible Financial Panic - New York Times

Bitcoin: Civil War – Seeking Alpha

Bitcoin, and by default, the Bitcoin Investment Trust (OTCQX:GBTC), is becoming a binary - and rather volatile - investment. Granted, cryptocurrency isnt known for its stability, bitcoin will be borderline bipolar over the next couple weeks as the cryptocurrency goest through an internal battle that may lead to a split into two currencies.

Digital gold.

Many point to the silver lining for bitcoin. Bitcoins market cap is roughly $40 billion, just a fraction of golds $7.5 trillion market value. The supply of bitcoin will also grow slower than that of gold over the next half decade. Bitcoins ability to prove itself as a better store of value than gold could be the next legup for bitcoin and cryptocurrencies in general.

There will be near-term volatility and uncertainty with bitcoin; however, longer-term the idea that made bitcoin so exciting could still be intact. Fundstrat believes that bitcoin could hit $20,000 by 2022. Part of what fuels that extreme price target is the idea that bitcoin could get a major boost from central banks moving from owning gold to owning cryptocurrencies.

The problem, however, is getting cryptocurrencies to a solid level - that is, the market value will need to move up about five-times from the current $100 billion before central banks show interest. But such a move would help cryptocurrencies become legitimate and truly compete with gold. Sure, bitcoin is volatile. Bitcoins annualized volatility is roughly 75%. But volatility isnt anything new for currency investors, even for gold investors. During the 1970s, golds volatility was 90%.

But ... the near-term issues are big: There is a bitcoin civil war.

Bitcoin is scheduled to get two competing software updates at the end of the month, which could split the currency in two. This internal battle is all over how to increase processing time and capability of the blockchain. On one side of the fence is the miners who want to increase the block size limit on the blockchain. Then theres the developers that want some of the data managed outside the main network to help with congestion.

What that means for holders and miners, no one really knows. But it is in everyones best interest to come to an agreement and settle without a split. A new version of software that doubles the block chain size in the near-term, until a longer-term solution is found, will be released on July 21. By all accounts, this could be an amicable solution. For 10 days after the software release, itll be monitored to see if 80% of miners adopt it, but anything less will create a gross uncertainty on the August 1 deadline for a decision.

If things go bad, itll should be a quick and volatile. I dont own any bitcoin, but will likely hold out until being able to get in between $1,600-$1,800 - pre-split that is.

But the likelihood of a settlement has been increased in recent months given the pressure from ethereum, which is gaining traction and market share on bitcoin. Or, some might consider this the right time for the currency to folk/split and explore their own solutions - likely at the expense of a price crash. That, would also be a positive for ethereum. Either way, all this bitcoin uncertainty creates a win-win situation for ethereum.

Bitcoin is still also facing practical application overhang - one of the big issues for bitcoin is that its still too expensive to use bitcoin for small things like coffee. The transaction fee for bitcoin is up to $5, the highest ever. A lot of the use cases for bitcoin as a transactional currency are dead before beginning. Meanwhile, ethereum isn't interested in transactions and is focused on more productive things like smart contracts.

All in all, all of this still points to interim pressure for the GBTC and bitcoin - although the case for GBTC is a mess 'as is.' But if central banks and governments show an appetite for cryptocurrencies, bitcoin can win, so can ethereum. Its the number two currency behind bitcoin and quickly gaining ground. If bitcoin can sort out its internal conflict, ethereum could overtake bitcoin in terms of market cap before 2018.

Disclosure: I/we have no positions in any stocks mentioned, and no plans to initiate any positions within the next 72 hours.

I wrote this article myself, and it expresses my own opinions. I am not receiving compensation for it (other than from Seeking Alpha). I have no business relationship with any company whose stock is mentioned in this article.

Additional disclosure: I am/we are long Ethereum.

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Bitcoin: Civil War - Seeking Alpha

Bitcoin study: Period of exclusivity encourages early adopters – MIT News

Giving early adopters the first access to new technologies can help diffuse those technologies among the masses. A notable example is Googles rollout of Gmail: In 2004, about 1,000 select users were given exclusive access and told to invite others. This campaign was so successful that at one point before the email service went mainstream Gmail invites were selling for more than $150 on eBay.

But what if early adopters are, in contrast, denied access at the initial stage of a rollout? That could greatly stifle broader diffusion, according to a unique new study by MIT researchers that examines adoption rates of the cryptocurrency Bitcoin among MIT students.

In 2014, the MIT Bitcoin Project offered all incoming freshman access to $100 worth of bitcoins. MIT Sloan School of Management professors Christian Catalini and Catherine Tucker saw this as a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity to study the role of early adopters in spreading technology in a controlled environment, says Catalini, who is the Fred Kayne Career Development Professor of Entrepreneurship. Tucker is the Sloan Distinguished Professor of Management.

During the rollout, the researchers randomly delayed giving half the students their bitcoin allotment by a couple of weeks. Students who were identified as early adopters of Bitcoin, but whose payment was delayed, cashed out their balance and abandoned the technology at nearly twice the rate of early adopters who received their payment earlier. The early adopters who cashed out also influenced those around them to do the same in high numbers.

Cash-out rates among early adopters were also amplified in dorms, especially smaller dorms where the delayed or non-delayed status of students would be more well-known, indicating that early adopters need to feel like they are part of an exclusive group in order to stick with new technologies.

Published today in Science, the paper is the first to examine what happens when natural early adopters (NEAs) are purposely denied first, exclusive access to new technologies, Catalini says. When you study new technologies, how fast and in what ways [they] diffuse through society, you never get to see what would have happened if things had unfolded differently, he says.

Creating two parallel universes

Of the 4,494 MIT freshmen offered access to Bitcoin, about 3,100 joined the researchers experiment. Those students had five days to sign up on a waiting list, complete a survey, and create a digital wallet.

The researchers first identified which students exhibited natural early adopter (NEA) traits compared to the other students, whom they refer to as natural late adopters (NLAs). They classified as NEAs the first 25 percent of students who signed up to the waiting list, all within the first 24 hours. Surveys showed that those NEAs were also more likely to be top computer programmers, to have built mobile apps, and to use peer-to-peer payment apps, among other identifiers. These characteristics align with popular definitions of early adopters, who generally possess advanced technical skills that help them start using new technologies.

Bitcoins were distributed a few weeks after the signups. But the researchers randomly delayed distribution of the bitcoins to 50 percent of the students, both NEAs and NLAs, by another two weeks. They then tracked all Bitcoin transactions through the blockchain the digital ledger used by Bitcoin and through the students digital wallets.

Randomly delaying access created two parallel universes, Catalini says, in which to study the S-Curve the measure of the speed of adoption of innovation in societies. In one universe, we ended up seeding Bitcoin in the optimal way, by giving it first to early adopters and later to everybody else. In the other parallel universe, the opposite was likely to happen, he says.

Findings were surprising. The two-week cash-out rate of the NEAs who received their bitcoins late rose to 18 percent, well over the non-delayed NEA cash-out rate of 11 percent. That people, on all accounts, who were supposed to be NEAs of Bitcoin would abandon it was surprising to us, Catalini says.

Both groups of late adopters, on the other hand, showed cash-out rates of roughly 10 percent, suggesting they were indifferent to the delay.

The cost and value of exclusivity

The researchers then studied the underlying mechanism of high cash-out rates by comparing behaviors of students living off campus to those in dorms, which function as social clusters.

In dorms, where it was likely more noticeable which students had received their bitcoins on time, delayed early adopters were 4.3 times more likely to cash out than non-delayed late adopters. Moreover, in smaller dorms, where students are even more aware of each other, or in dorms where NEAs are rarer, cash-out rates among delayed NEAs rose sharply again over their peers. Off campus, however, there was no measurable difference in cash-out rates among early and late adopters, delayed or not.

When you take students out of the social environment where comparisons are made and people are aware of each other receiving versus not receiving Bitcoin we do not see that [cash-out] activity, Catalini says.

This points to NEAs finding some value monetary or socially in having exclusive access to new technologies, the researchers write: Our results highlight a novel, understudied mechanism through which NEAs might obstruct further diffusion if they refuse to adopt because their desire to feel unique is challenged or the consumption value they derive from early, exclusive access is reduced.

But this behavior also has a spillover effect, where NLAs were more likely to drop Bitcoin if NEAs did possibly because late adopters rely on early adopters to learn about new technologies, Catalini says. After 225 days, the researchers found dorms with an above-the-median share of delayed NEAs had 45 percent fewer active Bitcoin users.

Thats a large difference, Catalini says. This behavior by early adopters, where you see them abandon Bitcoin, seems to have repercussions on everyone else.

Noting the MIT studys idiosyncratic setting, Catalini says the results offer a couple of key insights for tech firms. Identifying NEAs before going to market may be valuable, instead of relying on people lining up outside of the store. Firms could then fulfill the NEAs need to feel exclusive and capitalize on their potential to encourage wider adoption.

In settings where the decision to adopt is a social decision, where comparisons or conversations are taking place in communities and when there is uncertainty about the value of an innovation, it can be important for firms to take advantage of early adopters, as they do create this positive effect of others, Catalini says. But that comes with a cost, which is exclusivity.

Avi Goldfarb, a professor of marketing at the University of Toronto, says the studys results are interesting and surprising and the method is novel in tracking a type of what-if? scenario of diffusion. Diffusion research has suffered because it is difficult to know what would have happened [had] a new product not appeared, he says. Unlike many other areas of research where experiments have taken off, research on new product adoption and diffusion has been limited to observational data. So, a key part of the long-term impact of this paper on the field is to show how to embed experimental design into research on diffusion.

Moreover, Goldfarb adds, it does all this in the fascinating context of Bitcoin. We still do not know much about how people will use cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin. This paper helps us understand some of the challenges of launching such a currency, even without a technology-savvy population.

Tucker points out that the Bitcoin experiment proved to be a boon to the majority of MIT undergraduates. More than 50 percent held on to their bitcoins, possibly hoping for the price to increase further, Tucker says. The $100 in Bitcoin they were given in 2014 is now worth more than $700. Many MIT students have also started experimenting and building novel apps in this space.

The researchers are currently working on another paper based on the study that examines the decision students made in terms of securing the privacy of their online transactions.

The rest is here:

Bitcoin study: Period of exclusivity encourages early adopters - MIT News

Bitcoin Scaling Watch: News & Guides to Navigate the Coming Clash of Code – CoinDesk

As bitcoin heads into July, theprotocol stands on the cusp of major changes to its code.

The result of years of heated discussion onhow to expand the capabilities of bitcoin for greater transaction volumes, two key proposals now stand on the verge ofpotentially disrupting or upgrading the network.

While generally described as a "civil war," the battle over bitcoin's technical roadmap is more nuanced.

Yet, that's not to say there couldn't be real consequences.

To help readers understand this turbulent time, we're assembling content, both new and old, to serve as a guide to the debate and a real-time way to track news and updates.

In the days to come, we'll be updating this post as a resource. We're happy to consider collaborations and improvements as we seek to inform the world about changes and movements in bitcoin code.

"Either the$40bn economic network...ison the verge of the biggest change initshistory, or the most advancedscalingcompromise is headed toward its biggest political failure."

Penned by CoinDesk's Pete Rizzo and Alyssa Hertig, this articles gives a 10,000-foot view on bitcoin's upcoming code changes.

A Bitcoin Scaling Upgrade: How It Could Finally Happen (And How It Could Fail)

The piece helps frame the debate, and serves as an introduction to the key concepts and timelines we'll be covering in more depth in the coming weeks and months.

Other media outlets have since offered (and will likely continue to offer) their takes on the situation ahead. Below, is a list ofthe ones we think have done a good job overviewing the debate.

Recommendedreading:

Along the way, we'll releasenew guides and explainers aimed at taking high-level looks at some of the more granular aspects of the code proposals.

First up, you may want to learn more about Segwit2x. The most widely supported (and most controversial proposal), Segwit2x has perhaps the greatest chance of being activated on the bitcoin blockchain.

In this explainer piece, Alyssa Hertig outlines (in simple terms) what the proposal aims to do, what inspired it and how it works.

Explainer: What Is SegWit2x and What Does It Mean for Bitcoin?

Bythis time, you've probably noticed the term 'forks' getting thrown around quite a bit. Going deeper, there are even different kinds of forks (hard forks, soft forks) as well as specific ways they can be introduced to a blockchain network.

In this explainer, Amy Castor outlines what a bitcoin fork is, how they work and what can happen if they go wrong.

A Short Guide to Bitcoin Forks

Apart from the Segwit2x scaling proposal, there's also BIP148, which stands in stark contrast as perhaps its biggest rival.

A response to miners and startups pushing their view on the bitcoin roadmap, some bitcoin users have threatened revolt in the form of this bitcoin improvement proposal.

Here, Alyssa Hertig explains the proposal and its possible implications.

Bitcoin's 'Independence Day': Could Users Tip the Scales in the Scaling Debate?

Recommendedreading:

Once you're past the 101, you may want to dive deeper tounderstand the cultural and intellectual underpinnings of the debate.

Like any good 'Civil War', should we go so far as to use the term, both sides are backed by evolving ideologies that continue to become more complex.

In the following article, Pete Rizzo wades into explaining the influence miners, startups and developers have on the bitcoin network, exploringwhat keeps these groups together, as well as the issues (personal and technical) keeping them at odds.

Who Watches Bitcoin's Watchmen? Scaling's Great Game of Egos

This isn'tto say the scaling debate is a new story.

In fact, disagreements have gone on so long, many have feared (or hoped) they would never come to any head. Below, Alyssa Hertig looks at some of the reasons why bitcoin has so far avoided a scaling solution.

Bitcoin's Broken Record: Why the Scaling Debate Isn't Going Away

But, who doesn't want to scale? It turns out, there might be valid and well-reasoned arguments for this outlook.

In this feature piece, Pete Rizzo examines this question, highlighting how it's quite possible bitcoin's resistance to scaling could be considered a feature of the code, and proof of its strength and strong design.

Scaling Revisited: What If Bitcoin's Big 'Problem' is Its Great Strength?

Recommendedreading:

Disclosure: CoinDesk is a subsidiary of Digital Currency Group, which helped organize the Segwit2x agreement.

Image via Alex Sunnarborg for CoinDesk

The leader in blockchain news, CoinDesk is an independent media outlet that strives for the highest journalistic standards and abides by a strict set of editorial policies. Interested in offering your expertise or insights to our reporting? Contact us at [emailprotected].

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Bitcoin Scaling Watch: News & Guides to Navigate the Coming Clash of Code - CoinDesk