Toronto Island Park opens its shores and doors after flooding – Toronto Star

The Toronto Islands are bracing for another flood.

This time itll be waves of visitors arriving at the citys lake oasis, bringing the sweet waft of sunscreen and the laughter of summer fun.

Toronto Island Park opens again Monday. Flooding had shuttered the islands since mid-May it was so bad, carp were swimming over one submerged baseball diamond but our island in the sun is open for business once again.

Im expecting a bit of a crazy day on Monday, says longtime Algonquin Island resident Linda Rosenbaum. I think weve all been quite amazed at what a major event the closing of the island has been for Torontonians and how people are looking forward to coming back.

The ferries will begin chugging from the mainland at 6:30 a.m., the first off to Wards Island. At 8 a.m., escapees from the citys summers heat can begin returning to Centre Island. Ferries have been running to Wards a largely residential island during the clean up but with limited access.

Its taken a monumental effort to get the park ready again. The city used 27 pumps, including nine industrial-sized units, 24 hours a day to remove surface pooling. There are pumps still in operation on the islands. They also moved earth, used more than 45,000 sand bags many of which are still visible and dumped gravel in some areas in a race to get the park open by Mondays self-imposed deadline.

At peak flooding, water covered more than 40 per cent of the islands surface as Lake Ontario recorded its highest water level in decades. Even now, the beaches appear as if much of the sand has been removed for the bags used to stem the push of lapping waves.

The beach on Wards Island, for example, is about a quarter of what it once was.

Better get there early if you want a spot, said Susan Roy, another longtime resident.

Crews continued to work Sunday, raking landfill into wet spots along the roadway between Wards and Centre Islands.

Were trying our best, said one worker. Were trying to stay half a step ahead; theres a lot to do still but its a huge difference already. We want the park to be beautiful. Thats why people come here.

Centreville Amusement Park will open at noon Monday but spokesperson Shawnda Walker said there will be no fanfare to mark the occasion.

People want to just get on those rides so were just going to open the grounds, get those rides going and, hopefully, therell be great crowds, she said.

While Centreville management has no idea how many people to expect, Walker senses a pent-up demand based on the volume of emails from the public sometimes as many as 50 in a day asking when the theme park would reopen.

Were going to be prepared for a busy day, she said.

Not all the rides will be operational. Some of the track for the train remains underwater and will need to be replaced. It wont run this summer. The docks for the swan ride and bumper boats are also submerged making boarding unsafe. Walker said there is still hope those rides will open before the summer is over. And the barns and pens at Far Enough Farm, a petting zoo, remain sodden so the animals are staying at farm in Schomberg.

The shutdown has been understandably hard on island businesses. The Star earlier reported that Centreville has lost more than $6 million in revenue and ownership sold its iconic carousel for $3 million to offset some of that money. The 110-year carousel will be in operation for the remainder of the season.

Brandon Sherman of The Otter Guy water taxi service says boat operators have been hemorrhaging carrying about 10 to 20 cent of the passengers that normally ride to the islands.

We have no idea what to expect (Monday) but were all hoping for good things, he said.

The flooding also prompted the owners of The Rectory Caf, on Wards Island, not to continue their lease beyond this year. After a 14-year run, they are helping to identify a new ownership group to take over the restaurant.

That the park is open now wont be make up for lost revenue says Ken McAuliffe, one of the owners

There is a lot of built up demand to return to the islands, he wrote in an email, but unfortunately it will not be sufficient to counteract the loss of business over the last two and a half months for most of the Toronto Island businesses.

This summer, Rosenbaum and Roy started a business together Walk Wards Island taking visitors for guided tours. Rosenbaum concedes the timing might not have been the best.

But beyond the impact on her new endeavour, shes just excited visitors are about to return to the islands in big numbers.

It has been like a ghost town, she says. In some ways, its been quiet and peaceful and theres never any lineups and we dont have to jostle through crowds just trying to get home. But we miss people.

I was down at Centre (Island) where the formal gardens are and the Parks department has been pruning the gardens and the flower beds are absolutely beautiful. But its bizarre because theres not one person looking at them. Its so strange.

Its so beautiful and theres so much to see, its a shame people couldnt come but it really was flooded. It was bad and it was dangerous. You wouldnt be able to keep people safe. Now people will be safe.

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Toronto Island Park opens its shores and doors after flooding - Toronto Star

San Juan adventure: Kayaking and camping through the islands – The Daily Herald

Im paddling a kayak in the sunshine, fighting the choppy blue waters of the Salish Sea, and I cant get a Backstreet Boys song out of my head.

Im a self-proclaimed indie music snob, which has allowed me to turn my nose up at boy bands for most of my life. But recently theyve found a weakness and invaded the inner sanctum of my hippocampus. I blame my 7-year-old daughter, Grace, who, for the past few weeks, has been begging me over and over again to play a heavy rotation of Backstreet Boys music videos on Youtube.

Now, Im staring into the bluest of blue skies, enjoying a salt water spray on my face and humming I Want It That Way. This was hardly the soundtrack I envisioned for my first kayak camping trip on the Cascadia Marine Trail.

I shake my head, put my head down and give it all I have to give; Ive got a ways to go before landing across Rosario Strait on a rocky Cypress Island beach.

Anywhere for you

During the summer months, my friend Brian drives around with his kayak strapped to the top of his Subaru Outback at all times. The thought being that he may find himself near a body of water at any moment and, if the feeling catches him, he can drag the boat down, slide it into the water and paddle out into peace and quiet.

I have three kids at home under the age of 10, so its a freedom I envy. When Brian asked me if Id like to accompany him on a kayak camping trip to Cypress Island in the San Juans, I jumped at the opportunity. The fact I didnt own a kayak was a mere formality.

We look up the tide conditions and plan for a mid-June trip, crossing from Washington Park near the Anacortes ferry dock over to Cypress Island. Well camp on Cypress Head, which juts out from the east coast of the island like the shape of my heart.

First, I need a little practice. A month before the trip, I join Brian and his friend April for a trip to La Conner to get some time in a boat. We meet Bob Meade, who owns La Conner Kayak, which operates on the dock south of the boardwalk. Meade is a wealth of information, and he takes me under his wing right away. He puts me in one of his favorite kayaks and explains how to paddle and use the rudder, as well as the best routes in and around Swinomish Channel.

Practice goes well and it gives me confidence that the trip will be a success. When we return, Meade offers to sell me one of his oldest kayaks for $200. Its rudder is broken, he says, but it runs true. Quit playing games, I shoot back. But hes not. So I buy it. Ive got a boat, a Wilderness Systems Sealution, and weve officially got it goin on. Were ready.

Asking to drown

The morning of departure we unload our boats near the beach, load our gear in them and park our cars in the overnight parking lot at Washington Park. A woman who has the look of a rather experienced kayaker mulls around our boats and strikes up a conversation. Shes a local kayak instructor, it turns out, and she has thoughts.

April has decided to join Brian and I on our trip, and the instructor is concerned her smaller boat wont hold up in the rougher waters in the strait. Then she turns her wary gaze to me and my second-hand kayak. I tell her Im planning to come back on my own a day early. Do you have a radio? Do you have a wetsuit? she asks.

Im taken aback. No, I say.

Well, youre asking to drown out there, she says. In that cold of water, you have 10 minutes to get back in your kayak before your extremities stop working. An hour, and youre dead.

Gulp. Brian has the type of gear that could help in a dire situation, but in a world like this, Im heading out unprepared and one bad decision could turn deadly. If you stay, well take care of you, my buddy jokes. I make the call to stay the extra day and come back with the group.

We push off from the beach and head straight for Cypress Island, pointing our bows across Rosario Strait. Were running a bit late, so the tide and currents are mixing into a soupy jumble in the middle of the strait. For a while it feels like were taking one step forward, then two steps back. We dodge pleasure crafts, fishing trawlers and one ferry, larger than life as it passes in front of us. After two hours, we land on a beach on the south shore of Cypress Island.

Were tired and a bit dizzy from the swaying. We still have another 90-minute trip from here to Cypress Head, but for now we crack some well-earned beers, lean back on a set of rocky outcroppings and gaze toward the sun and the mainland from whence we just came.

Show me the meaning of being lonely

Stretching from Olympia to Canada, the Cascadia Marine Trail is a set of island parks that boaters can stop at and explore, gaining the full San Juan Islands experience in the process. Some are state parks with campsites, while others are operated by the Department of Natural Resources and are just for day use.

There are 172 islands in the San Juans and nearly 50 spots to visit or stay along the Cascadia Marine Trail. Kayakers can easily visit one park after the next in succession, camping their way through the San Juans. Many of the parks on the trail cant be reached by ferry, including the two on Cypress Island: Cypress Head and Pelican Beach.

The sites are varied in their quality. Most are primitive, with nothing more than pit-toilets and picnic tables. The sites at Cypress Head are perfect for a getaway. Nearly 10 campsites are scattered along the northern portion of the tiny island, most with plenty of room to forget anyone else is there.

We make it to Cypress Head in the early afternoon, beach our boats and start to unpack. We take turns lugging our gear up to a campsite weve staked on the east side of the small island. I pitch my tent on a patch of grass that looks out over the water toward Guemes and Lummi islands. The world continues to turn over there, but it stands still on the island. Boats slowly drift by and cormorants swoop and sway over the gray boulders below. Seals leap out of the water, trying to catch some lunch.

The next day, we kayak circles around the Cone Islands north of Cypress Head, and then to Eagle Harbor and beach our boats. Theres one road on Cypress Island, but dozens of trails criss-cross the northern part of the island. We hike out from the beach on Eagle Harbor up to Eagle Cliff to get a 360-degree view of Orcas, Blakely, Guemes, Lummi and other small islands.

On the day were set to leave, the weather turns damp, gray and foggy. We decide to take a different route home, instead heading across the Bellingham Channel to Guemes, then south toward Anacortes and east to Washington Park. Im glad I stayed for the extra day, and not just because Im still alive. Its more than that. The additional time on the island allowed time to stand still for just that much longer.

As we leave, Im revisited by the familiar dulcet tones of Nick Carter and Co. Backstreets back. All right, I think, and keep paddling.

More information

To learn more about the Cascadia Marine Trail, visit http://www.ndwt.org/trails/CMT. For more on kayaking, Id recommend visiting http://www.nsska.com and taking some courses with the North Sound Sea Kayaking Association. To rent kayaks from Bob Meade, visit http://www.laconnerkayak.com.

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San Juan adventure: Kayaking and camping through the islands - The Daily Herald

History News of the Week: The Biblical Canaanites’ Modern Descendants – New Historian

The biggest history news stories of the week, including two pioneering genome studies that have shed fascinating new light on humanitys ancient past and its echoes in the present.

Present day Lebanese are descendants of Biblical Canaanites

A new genome study of ancient remains from the Near East suggests that present day Lebanese people are direct descendants of the Biblical Canaanites.

The research, which has been published in the American Journal of Human Genetics, sequenced the entire genomes of 4,000 year-old Canaanites who inhabited the region during the Bronze Age, and compared them to other ancient and present day populations.

Despite the Canaanites creating the first alphabet and establishing colonies throughout the Mediterranean, historians and archaeologists only have a limited knowledge of them. They are mentioned several times in the Bible, as well as in ancient Greek and Phoenician texts, but experts know little about their genetic identity, who their ancestors were, and if they have any descendants today.

The study by the researchers from the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute determined that more than 90% of present Lebanese ancestry is likely to be from the Canaanites, with a small proportion coming from a different Eurasian population. The researchers estimate that new Eurasian people mixed with the Canaanite population about 2,200 to 3,800 years ago at a time when there were many conquests of the region from outside.

Details about the Canaanites own ancestry have also been revealed. The study claims that they were a mixture of local people who settled in farming villages during the Neolithic period and eastern migrants who arrived in the area around 5,000 years ago.

For the first time we have genetic evidence for substantial continuity in the region, from the Bronze Age Canaanite population through to the present day. Dr Claude Doumet-Serhal, co-author of the study and Director of the Sidon excavation site in Lebanon, said.

These results agree with the continuity seen by archaeologists. Collaborations between archaeologists and geneticists greatly enrich both fields of study and can answer questions about ancestry in ways that experts in neither field can answer alone.

Meanwhile, Dr. Chris Tyler-Smith, lead author from the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, said: Genetic studies using ancient DNA can expand our understanding of history, and answer questions about the likely origins and descendants of enigmatic populations like the Canaanites, who left few written records themselves.

Now we would like to investigate the earlier and later genetic history of the Near East, and how it relates to the surrounding regions.

Bronze Age Iberia spared the brunt of Steppe invaders

New DNA analysis of people who lived in the Iberian Peninsula during the Bronze Age has revealed that they received only minor genetic input from Steppe invaders, suggesting the Steppe migrations played less of a role in the cultural and genetic makeup of Iberian people than they did in populations elsewhere in Europe.

Between the Middle Neolithic (4200-3500 BCE) and the Middle Bronze Age (1740-1430 BCE), Central, Northwestern and Northern Europe received a massive influx of people from the Steppe regions of Eastern Europe and Asia. Archaeological digs have gained insights into some of the impacts of these influxes on Iberia, in the form of changing cultural practices and funeral rituals, but the genetic effect has remained hitherto unexamined.

The genomes of fourteen people who lived in Portugal in the Neolithic and Bronze Age were sequenced for the study, which has been published in the journal PLOS Genetics. These genomes were then compared with other ancient and modern genetic data, revealing only subtle changes between the Portuguese Neolithic and Bronze Age DNA, suggesting a minor genetic influence from the Steppe. Surprisingly, the changes were significantly more pronounced in paternal lineage.

It was surprising to observe such a striking Y chromosome discontinuity between the Neolithic and the Bronze Age, such as would be consistent with a predominantly male-mediated genetic influx says first author Rui Martiniano. Height was also estimated from the samples, based on relevant DNA sequences, revealing that genetic input from Neolithic migrants decreased the height of Europeans, which subsequently increased steadily through later generations.

By showing that migration into the Iberian Peninsula occurred on a much smaller scale than elsewhere in Europe, the study raises questions about the impact this had on language, culture and technology. For example, the fact that the Basque region of Spain speaks a pre-Indo-European language could be explained by these findings. The discovery also supports a theory which says Indo-European languages spread through Europe from the Steppe heartland.

The study was carried out by Daniel Bradley and Rui Martiniano of Trinity College Dublin, in Ireland, and Ana Maria Silva of University of Coimbra, Portugal.

New project aims to highlight importance of The Indian Army in the First World War

In the UK, The Soldiers of Oxfordshire (SOFO) Museum and Oxford Universitys History Faculty have received a 12,000 grant from the Arts & Humanities Research Council Voices of War & Peace WWI Engagement Centre, for their project titled: The Indian Army in the First World War: An Oxfordshire & Buckinghamshire Perspective.

The project aims to shed new light on the British Indian Armys role in the war on the Eastern Front in Iraq through an outreach programme and touring exhibition. Sikhs, Muslims and Hindus of all ages in the local community are being called upon to engage with researchers by sharing stories, experiences and memorabilia. The touring exhibition will then showcase the findings in November.

Photographs that have never been displayed before will explore the experiences of British and Indian soldiers in the conflict, as well as the Iraqi prisoners.

Featured image: Archaeological remains of individual MC337 excavated from the site of Hipogeu de Monte Canelas I, Portugal, and analysed by the archaeologist Rui Parreira and the anthropologist Ana Maria Silva. Courtesy of Rui Parreira

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History News of the Week: The Biblical Canaanites' Modern Descendants - New Historian

Scientists, theologians ponder if biology and religion go together – Crux: Covering all things Catholic

OXFORD, England When Charles Darwin published his landmark theory of evolution by natural selection in the 19th century, religious leaders were confronted with a powerful challenge to some of their oldest beliefs about the origins of life.

Then evolutionary theory was expanded with the insights of genetics, which gave further support for a scientific and secular view of how humans evolved.

Faith and tradition were forced further onto the defensive.

Now, exciting progress in biology in recent decades may be building up a third new phase in the scientific explanation of life, according to thinkers gathered at a University of Oxford conference last week (July 19-22).

Although this 21st-century wave has no single discovery to mark its arrival, new insights into developing technologies such as genetic engineering and human enhancement may end up giving another important boost to the belief that science has (or eventually will have) the answers to lifes mysteries.

Some scientists, theologians and philosophers see in this ever deeper knowledge of how genes work a possible alternative to the more reductive approach to evolution one that brings in a broader view that also considers the influence of the environment.

Dr. Donovan Schaefer. (Credit: Photo courtesy of University of Oxford.)

Unlike the earlier views, which seemed to lead toward either agnosticism or atheism, the theologians see this new biology or holistic biology as more compatible with religious belief.

Weve added definition to the picture of evolution that has deepened and enriched our understanding of biological processes, Donovan Schaefer, an Oxford lecturer in science and religion who co-organized the conference, told the opening session of the July 19-22 meeting.

But he added: It would be naive to imagine that the grander questions about biology, religion, the humanities and evolutionary theory generally have been put to death.

The achievements on their list include new fields like epigenetics, the science of how genes are turned on or off to influence our bodies, and advances in cognitive and social sciences that yield ever more detailed empirical research into how we behave.

Waiting in the wings are new technologies such as genome editing, which can modify human genes to repair, enhance or customize human beings. Scientists in China are believed to have already genetically modified human embryos and the first known attemptto do so in the United States was reported this week (July 26).

Schaefer compared todays deeper understanding of biology to the higher resolution that photographers enjoy now that photography has advanced from film to digital images.

Genes once thought to be fairly mechanical in influencing human development leading to the my genes made me do it kind of thinking have been found to be part of complex systems that can act in response to a persons environment.

The Radcliffe Camera, a reading room of the nearby Bodleian Library, at University of Oxford on July 22, 2017. The unique building originally housed the Radcliffe Science Library. All Souls College is in the background. (Credit: RNS photo by Tom Heneghan.)

Since scientists succeeded in sequencing the genome in the late 1990s, they have found that epigenetic markers that regulate patterns of gene expression can reflect outside influences on a body.

Even simpler living objects such as plants contain a complex internal genetic system that governs their growth according to information they receive from outside.

To theologians who see a new biology emerging, this knowledge points to a more holistic system than scientists have traditionally seen, one more open to some divine inspiration for life.

In this view, the fact that epigenetic markers can bring outside pressures to bear on the genome deep inside a human means genetics is not a closed system, but part of the wider sweep of nature in which they, as religious thinkers, also see Gods hand.

Professor Alister McGrath, director of the Ian Ramsey Centre for Science and Religion. (Credit: Photo courtesy of University of Oxford.)

Nature is so complex and rich and that prompts questions about why on earth is this the case? If youre an atheist, how do you explain a universe that seems to have the capacity to produce these things in the first place? asked Alister McGrath, an Oxford theologian who is director of the Ian Ramsey Centre for Science and Religion that hosted the conference.

This in turn opened a space for theologians to augment the discussion about the new biology, he said.

Massimo Pigliucci, a philosopher at New Yorks City College with doctorates in genetics and evolutionary biology, also said scientism the idea that science can answer all lifes important questions was too limited.

Science informs and grounds certain philosophical positions; it doesnt determine them, he said. But the data cant settle ethical questions.

Pigliucci agrees with the trend to use the evolutionary paradigm to analyze fields outside of biology, including topics such as ethics and morality.

The life sciences tell us that the building blocks of what we call morality are actually found presumably they were selected for in nonhuman social primates, he said. Science gives you an account of what otherwise looks like magic: Why do we have a moral sense to begin with? How did we develop it?

Not all present agreed that science could explain religion.

Some suspect that biology has triggered some kind of devotion and there are too many people who practice this cult, said Lluis Oviedo, a theologian at the Pontifical University Antonianum in Rome.

His own research has found at least 75 books and academic articles trying to explain religion through evolution and he knew of about 20 more on the way, he said.

Although he thinks, the time of explaining through radical reduction is over, he admitted few biologists seemed ready to accept the more holistic new biology.

Even some scientists at the conference, while ready to engage with the philosophers and theologians, showed less interest in discussions about whether a new biology was emerging.

A dawn fog on Christ Church Meadow obscures the view of the historic University of Oxord in England. (Credit: Photo courtesy of Creative Commons/Tejvan Pettinger.)

Im pragmatic, explained Ottoline Leyser of the University of Cambridge, whose lecture on plant genetics was one of the conferences highlights.

Theologians in the decades long science and religion debate, which argues the two disciplines complement each other, have also become more pragmatic as their dialogue proceeds.

Oxfords McGrath said the theologians had become more modest in the claims they made about what religion could contribute to this debate. Unlike some more doctrinaire scientists, he said, they did not think they had all the answers.

They dont say These observations in nature prove or disprove God, he said. Our religious way of thinking gives you a framework which allows you to look at the scientific approach to the world and understand why it makes sense, but at the same time also to understand its limits.

Those things need to be in the picture if were going to lead meaningful lives.

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Scientists, theologians ponder if biology and religion go together - Crux: Covering all things Catholic

Report: Scientists edit human embryos for first time in US – CNN

Shoukhrat Mitalipov, director of the Oregon Health & Science University's Center for Embryonic Cell and Gene Therapy, reportedly led the new research. Mitalipov and the university would not confirm details of the research to CNN.

"Results of the peer-reviewed study are expected to be published soon in a scientific journal. No further information will be provided before then," according to an emailed statement from the university's press office. Another researcher cited in the MIT report, the Salk Institute's Jun Wu, did not reply to CNN's request for comment.

Mitalipov also declined to comment in the MIT Technology Review report, referencing that the research results have not been published yet in a peer-reviewed scientific journal, which is considered the gold standard for scientific research. The author of the MIT report would not confirm to CNN whether he had seen the paper.

The MIT Technology Review reported that the researchers in Portland, Oregon, edited the DNA of a large number of one-cell embryos, specifically targeting genes associated with inherited diseases in those embryos. The MIT Technology Review could not determine which disease genes had been chosen for editing in the new research.

"I'm not surprised that they were looking at genetic diseases to try and see if they could target them, because that's exactly where I think the future inevitably leads," said Arthur Caplan, a professor and founding head of the division of bioethics at New York University Langone Medical Center, who was not involved in the research.

When it comes to the new research, "my reaction was, this is an interesting incremental step, and boy, I bet it's going to get blown up as being more important than it is," said Hank Greely, professor of law and genetics at Stanford University, who was not involved in the research.

"It's not the first time anybody has CRISPR-ed human embryos. It's not the first time anybody's CRISPR-ed viable human embryos. It's certainly not the first time people have CRISPR-ed viable mammalian embryos," Greely said. "It's the first time it's been done in the US, but the embryos don't care where they are."

Yet the research has already generated attention and controversy.

"This is pushing the research faster than I thought we would see," said Dana Carroll, professor of biochemistry at the University of Utah, if the MIT Technology Review report rings true. Carroll has used CRISPR in his own studies, but was not involved in the new research.

He pointed out that the new research reportedly involved earlier, more delicate embryos, and CRISPR reportedly was still demonstrated as efficient.

"From the perspective of research that would ultimately make germline editing safer and more effective, the earlier embryos will provide more relevant information," he said.

The controversy surrounding gene-editing in human embryos partly stems from concern that the changes CRISPR makes in DNA can be passed down to the offspring of those embryos later in life, from generation to generation. Down the line, that could possibly impact the genetic makeup of humans in erratic ways.

"There is also considerable concern about off-target effects, such as making mutations at sites in the genome other than the intended target," Carroll said. In other words, an edit made in one area of DNA possibly could cause problems in another, as a ripple or domino effect, which could be concerning.

Though, not all experts are too concerned.

"Some people are worried about, where's this all going to head? Are we going to wind up with super babies and eugenics? And to me, I don't find that an interesting objection. It's too soon for that objection," Caplan said. "Clearly, if we're going to let this research proceed, it's going to be to treat diseases and prevent diseases."

"I hope the applications will be for the treatment of serious diseases and in cases where a sensible alternative is not available, as the National Academies' report proposes," Carroll said.

Greely said: "The National Academy of Sciences came out with a big report on Valentine's Day this year about genome editing in humans, and I thought they very usefully divided it into three categories: basic research, treating living people, and making changes that will pass down from generation to generation."

As for the reported new research, "this is category one. This is basic research," he said. "Category three is the ethically crucial one; this isn't that. We're still a long way from that."

"There are what are called point mutations where you can go in and fix one genetic error. The simpler the genetic error, the easier it might be to try to repair it using a CRISPR gene-insertion technique," Caplan said about genetic diseases.

"I think rather than trying to treat cystic fibrosis, or treat sickle cell, or treat hemophilia, it does make ethical sense to figure out ways to prevent it," he said. "Now, obviously if it's too risky we won't do it. If it's too dangerous or maybe it won't work, we still don't know. We're in the early, early days (of research), but I don't think it's fear of eugenics that should stop us."

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Government-Run Health Care: Democrats’ New Litmus Test – NBCNews.com

President Harry Truman, who tried to enact a national health care system, gives his 1949 inaugural address. Corbis via Getty Images

For years afterwards, the Democratic partys platform called for a "federally-financed and federally-administered...system of universal National Health Insurance," as the

But Democrats were thwarted by the large price tags, the policy complications, and the pernicious association with socialism, leading them to eventually conclude that only more modest reforms like Obamacare were possible. And support for the approach in the Senate among Democrats lags behind the House.

"There's a bit of a false dawn with single-payer that this is going to be popular even once details are known," said Jim Kessler, the senior vice president for policy at the centrist Democratic think tank Third Way.

"There's going to be tons of disruption," Kessler continued. "Maybe it's worth it, maybe it isn't. But before people sign on in a rush to it, we have to have a serious analysis of what it's going to mean for people and all the institutions involved."

"The ACAs changes to the health insurance system and the number of people affected by those changes has been small compared to the upheaval that would be brought about by the movement to a single-payer system," the Urban Institute noted in its

Indeed, the same polls that supporters cite to demonstrate the appeal of single payer also show that voters are responsive to negative arguments about costs and government control.

"While a slim majority favors the idea of a national health plan at the outset," wrote Liz Hamel and her colleagues at the nonpartisan Kaiser Family Foundation of their

Many Democrats worry their party is hurtling toward a policy commitment they dont fully understand when they should be focused on defending existing gains.

"We're one bad election away from the Affordable Care Act being repealed," said Kessler, referring to possible GOP gains in next year's midterm elections.

Its possible single-payer could give way to less sweeping changes if Democrats retake power.

Democrats have revived their push to create a public option a government-run alternative that would be sold alongside private insurance on the ACA exchanges. The idea, which liberals unsuccessfully fought to include in the ACA, would be far less expensive than full single-payer since most Americans would still get coverage from traditional insurance. Another proposal is to allow older people to voluntarily buy into Medicare.

"Every major breakthrough from Civil Rights to Social Security to what happened on the right under Ronald Reagan were driven by significant mobilization behind an idea that was much more extreme than what actually happened," Yale political scientist Jacob Hacker, who popularized the public option, told NBC News.

A few short years ago, Hacker's idea for a public option was killed by conservative Democrats involved in crafting Obamacare who saw it as too radical. Now, Hacker gets attacked by single-payer activists as a sellout for still favoring the idea.

Some politicians are trying to temper expectations. Sen. Ron Wyden, D-Ore., championed the Obamacare provision that allows states to enact their own single-payer plans, but noted that places like California and Vermont have had trouble finding a way to "get from here to there."

Instead, he hinted at a more gradual path to single-payer by passing legislation that would encourage more workers to buy insurance on an individual basis rather than through their employer. If you gave them access to a public option, he argues, it could grow to eventually become the dominant plan.

"You really strengthen the exchanges and probably provide another path for people actually advocating single-payer...to make the transition work," he said.

As for Conyers, who turned 88 a few months ago, hes willing to wait.

"I've said before, this is a civil rights issue and it'll take a movement on the scale of the one Dr. King led," he said. I'm glad we're here it shows we're making progress but my goal isn't a certain number of co-sponsors, it's passing a bill that makes every American Medicare-eligible."

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Government-Run Health Care: Democrats' New Litmus Test - NBCNews.com

Susan Collins: ‘Go back to committee’ on health care – CNN

"The ball is really in our court right now," Collins said. "Our job is not done."

The Maine Republican called for a return to the normal legislative process by addressing problems and crafting bills on the committee level before bringing them to a vote before the full chamber.

"We need to go back to committee," she said.

Collins also emphasized her opposition to more comprehensive legislation and instead advocated the Senate "produce a series of bills" aimed at addressing pressing issues in health care. She said the first issue the Senate should focus on would be to stabilize the insurance markets.

"I certainly hope the administration does not do anything in the meantime to hasten that collapse," Collins said.

Sen. Jeff Flake, a Republican senator from Arizona, said he was disappointed the proposal had failed, but echoed Collins' call for a return to the committee process in an interview on CBS's "Face the Nation."

"That'll be certainly good for us and good for the country," Flake said.

In a series of tweets over the weekend, President Donald Trump has called on the Senate to change its rules and move health care legislation through without the threat of a filibuster, meaning if a simple majority of Republicans could agree on a proposal, it could pass.

Flake expressed his opposition to Trump's call for the Senate to change its rules and said a degree of bipartisanship was needed in the chamber.

"Even if you change the rules of the Senate, which we should not do, there are limits to what one party can do," Flake said.

When Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell moved to eliminate the filibuster for Supreme Court candidates in April, he reiterated his opposition to eliminating the filibuster for legislation, and despite Trump's repeated tweets pushing for an altering of the rules, there appears to be little appetite in the Senate for the change.

Collins contended that the cost-sharing reduction payments to insurance companies to cut deductibles and co-pays for lower-income people were not "bailouts," and that although the payments went to insurance companies, they have helped many who need it most to gain access to health care.

"It really would be detrimental to some of the most vulnerable citizens if those payments were cut off," Collins said.

On the second half of Trump's tweet, targeting members of Congress, White House budget director Mick Mulvaney said in a separate interview on the Sunday program that Trump was eying ending employer contributions for health insurance for members of Congress.

Lawmakers get insurance under the exchange system established under Obamacare, but as Mulvaney explained, the Office of Personnel Management during the Obama administration decided members would receive the employer contribution from the federal government.

"That's the rule that the President was talking about in his tweet yesterday," Mulvaney said.

Mulvaney further clarified that Trump's tweet demanding a vote on health care before any other legislation was the White House's official position.

"In the White House's view, they can't move on in the Senate," Mulvaney said.

He argued Republicans in Congress need to pass a bill targeting Obamacare as a matter of practicality and politics.

"You promised folks you'd do this for seven years," Mulvaney said. "You cannot go back on that."

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Susan Collins: 'Go back to committee' on health care - CNN

Trump threatens to end insurance payments if no health-care bill – CNBC

With Republican efforts to dismantle Obamacare in disarray, hundreds of U.S. counties are at risk of losing access to private health coverage in 2018 as insurers consider pulling out of those markets.

In response, Trump on Friday again suggested his administration would let the Obamacare program "implode." He has weakened enforcement of the law's requirement for individuals to buy insurance, threatened to cut off funding and sought to change plan benefits through regulations.

Meanwhile, some congressional Republicans were still trying to find a way forward on health care.

Senator Lindsey Graham said in a statement issued late on Friday that he and two other Republican senators, Dean Heller and Bill Cassidy, had met with Trump after the defeat to discuss Graham's proposal to take tax money raised by Obamacare and send it back to the states in the form of health-care block grants.

Graham said the move would end Democrats' drive for a national single-payer health-care system by putting states in charge.

"President Trump was optimistic about the Graham-Cassidy-Heller proposal," Graham added. "I will continue to work with President Trump and his team to move the idea forward."

However, a majority of Americans are ready to move on from health care at this point. According to a Reuters/Ipsos poll released on Saturday, 64 percent of 1,136 people surveyed on Friday and Saturday said they wanted to keep Obamacare, either "entirely as is" or after fixing "problem areas."

When asked what they think Congress should do next, most picked other priorities such as tax reform, foreign relations and infrastructure. Only 29 percent said they wanted Republicans in Congress to "continue working on a new health-care bill."

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Trump threatens to end insurance payments if no health-care bill - CNBC

Centrist lawmakers plot bipartisan health care stabilization bill – Politico

The Problem Solvers caucus, led by Tom Reed (above) and Josh Gottheimer, is fronting the effort to stabilize the ACA markets. | AP Photo

A coalition of roughly 40 House Republicans and Democrats plan to unveil a slate of Obamacare fixes Monday they hope will gain traction after the Senates effort to repeal the law imploded.

The Problem Solvers caucus, led by Tom Reed (R-N.Y.) and Josh Gottheimer (D-N.J.), is fronting the effort to stabilize the ACA markets, according to multiple sources. But other centrist members, including Rep. Kurt Schrader (D-Ore.), and several other lawmakers from the New Democrat Coalition and the GOPs moderate Tuesday Group are also involved.

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Their plan focuses on immediately stabilizing the insurance market and then pushing for Obamacare changes that have received bipartisan backing in the past.

The most significant proposal is funding for Obamacares cost-sharing subsidies. Insurers rely on these payments estimated to be $7 billion this year to reduce out-of-pocket costs for their poorest Obamacare customers.

President Donald Trump has repeatedly threatened to cut off the payments, deriding them as a bailout for insurance companies. White House counselor Kelly Conway said on Sunday that Trump will decide this week whether to scrap the subsidies which could make the markets implode.

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The bipartisan working group also wants to change Obamacare's employer mandate so that it applies only to companies with more than 500 workers. Currently companies with at least 50 workers can be hit with a tax penalty if they don't provide coverage to their workers.

The group also wants to create a federal stability fund dollar amount unspecified -- that states can tap to reduce premiums and other costs for people with extremely expensive medical needs. Both the Senate and House repeal packages contained similar pots of money.

The bipartisan proposal also calls for scrapping Obamacares medical-device tax, an idea that has received bipartisan support in the past.

Finally, the working group is seeking greater flexibility for state innovation. Obamacare already allows state to seek waivers from coverage rules, but the lawmakers want additional guidance on how states can take advantage of them.

The roll out of their stabilization agenda follows months of private meetings between various members involved in the Houses centrist caucuses about ways to stabilize Obamacare if the GOPs repeal effort sputtered.

The push was intensified after the Senates repeal collapsed in the wee hours of Friday morning when Sens. Susan Collins (R-Maine), Lisa Murkowski (R-Alaska), and John McCain (R-Ariz.) joined with all Senate Democrats to reject the GOPs skinny repeal."

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Centrist lawmakers plot bipartisan health care stabilization bill - Politico

Trump has new chief of staff, old health care fight – Minneapolis Star Tribune

WASHINGTON President Donald Trump is looking for a fresh start with a new White House chief of staff. But he's still clinging to an old battle, refusing to give up on health care.

Weighed down by a stalled legislative agenda, a cabal of infighting West Wing aides and a stack of investigations, Trump is hoping that retired Gen. John Kelly can bring some order as his next chief of staff. Trump tapped Kelly, his Homeland Security secretary, last week to take over for Reince Priebus, who he ultimately viewed as ineffective.

Starting Monday, Kelly must try to exert control over a chaotic White House, but his ability to do so will depend on how much authority he is granted and whether Trump's dueling aides will put aside their rivalries to work together. Also unclear is whether a new chief of staff will influence the president's social media histrionics or his struggle to keep his focus on policy.

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Trump has new chief of staff, old health care fight - Minneapolis Star Tribune

Trump Threatened to Take Away Health Care From Members of Congress. Can He Do That? – Newsweek

As Republican members of Congress have tried and failed to follow through with their campaign promise of repealing Obamacare, President Donald Trump has threatened to eliminate some health benefits for members of Congress and their staffs.

If a new HealthCare Bill is not approved quickly, BAILOUTS for Insurance Companies and BAILOUTS for Members of Congress will end very soon! Trump tweeted Saturday.

Congress members and their staffs were moved from the the typical federal employee health care benefits program to the Obamacare exchanges as part of the law. The Office of Personnel Management determined in 2013 that the federal government could help pay premiums on the exchanges for congressional employees, as Roll Call reported at the time.

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U.S. President Donald Trump concludes his remarks about his proposed U.S. government effort against the street gang Mara Salvatrucha, or MS-13, to a gathering of federal, state and local law enforcement officials in Brentwood, New York, U.S. July 28, 2017. Trump threatened health care benefits for congress on Saturday. REUTERS/Jonathan Ernst

Mick Mulvaney, the director of the Office of Management and Budget, told CNNs Jake Tapper Sundayon State of the Unionthat he had spoken at length about that exact issue with President Trump Saturday.

What hes saying is, 'Look, if Obamacare is hurting people, and it is, then why shouldnt it hurt insurance companies, and, more importantly, perhaps, for this discussion, members of Congress? Mulvaney said. There is a certain benefit that members of Congress getas part of an OPM decision from a couple of years ago, and I think the president is simply looking at this and going, Is this fair?

Health benefits for congressional staffers had been subsidized by the federal government before passage of the Affordable Care Act, and continued to be so as the OPMs decision came before health plans forcongressional staffers moved over to the Obamacare exchanges.

Although the original amendment putting members of Congress and their staffs onto the exchanges explicitly said employer reimbursements would continue, that language did not make it into the final Obamacare bill. The OPMs ruling came as partisan divides over the law made passage of a legislative fixa daunting proposition.

Since the regulation came from the OPM, and not an act of Congress, the administration technically could revoke these benefits. But the memo would have toofficially be rescinded by the director of the OPM.

The office currently has an acting director, Kathleen McGettigan, who is a holdover from the Obama administration. McGettigan is a career OPM employeewho has worked for the OPM for 25 years.

Trump has nominated George Nesterczuk, who worked in the OPM during the Ronald Reagan and George W. Bush presidencies, to lead the office. Nesterczuk, also a member of the Trump transition team, has not yet been confirmed by the Senate.

Currently OPM is headed by Obama appointee. She will have to revoke the memo. Or get fired. Josh Blackman, an adjunct scholar at the libertarian Cato Institute, said on Twitter. POTUS may need to install someone as head of OPM for purpose of rescinding memo.

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Trump Threatened to Take Away Health Care From Members of Congress. Can He Do That? - Newsweek

Sanders: Trump should stop his tweeting amid healthcare debate – The Hill

Sen. Bernie SandersBernie SandersSanders: Trump should stop his tweeting amid healthcare debate Sanders: I'm 'absolutely' introducing single-payer healthcare bill Larry David actually related to Bernie Sanders MORE (I-Vt.) said on Sunday that President Trump should lay off the Twitter messages amidthe ongoing healthcare debate.

"Maybe the president should ... stop his tweeting for a while, and understand that America today is the only country, only major country on Earth not to guarantee healthcare for all people," Sanders told host Jake Tapper on CNN's "State of the Union."

The former Democratic presidential candidate slammedTrump for attempting to "sabotage" ObamaCare after the president tweeted Friday that he would take away "bailouts for Insurance Companies and bailoutsfor Members of Congress" very soon if "a new healthcare bill is not approved quickly."

"You know, I really think it's incomprehensible that we have a president of the United States who wants to sabotage healthcare in America, make life more difficult for millions of people who are struggling now to get the health insurance they need and to pay for that health insurance," said the Vermont lawmaker, who plans to introduce a single-payer healthcare system bill.

"And the solution is not to throw tens of millions of people off of health insurance that they currently have," he added.

The Senate's effort to pass an ObamaCare "skinny" repealdeal collapsed overnight on Friday.

Trump, who has an enormous following on Twitter with almost 35 million people tracking him, has used the platform throughout the campaign and into his presidency to push his agenda, communicate to his followers, attackfoes and call out the press.

Critics have also accused the president of trying to distract from his agenda and other scandalssurrounding his administration by postingcontroversial tweets.

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Sanders: Trump should stop his tweeting amid healthcare debate - The Hill

Flake, Feinstein call for "regular order" in path forward on health care reform – CBS News

In the wake of a failed GOP-led effort to repeal and replace the Affordable Care Act, Republican Sen. Jeff Flake of Arizona and Democratic Sen. Dianne Feinstein of California say the path forward toward health care reform includes "regular order."

Speaking on "Face the Nation" Sunday, Flake said issues like health care, in addition to the nation's debt crisis, can't be tackled by one party alone.

"We've just seen the limits of what one party can do," said Flake. "I'm glad to see that now we're talking about sitting down with our colleagues, going back to committee, going back to what we call regular order, and letting the committees and the experts deal with it, and bringing the public in more than we have before," he added.

Flake, who details the divide among the Republican party in his new book, "Conscience of a Conservative: A Rejection of Destructive Politics and a Return to Principle," said that in the fallout over health care, the next best way to solve the issue requires "both parties sitting together and sharing the risk."

"It's hard to imagine that can happen when we're ascribing the worst motives to our opponents," he said.

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Sen. Jeff Flake, R-Arizona, joins Face the Nation Moderator John Dickerson to discuss his new book, "Conscience of a Conservative" that calls on ...

Flake's comments come after Senate Republicans' attempt torepeal parts of Obamacare failedin a drama-filled, middle-of-the-night vote.

President Trump issued a series of tweetsfollowing the bill's failure, saying, "As I said from the beginning, let ObamaCare implode, then deal. Watch!"

Meanwhile, Feinstein, also appearing on "Face the Nation" Sunday, appeared to echo Flake's call for bipartisanship in the health care debate -- saying, "You can't take a bill as big as this one, write it with a select group of people in a back room, not let one of the political parties even see it until the Friday before a vote comes up, and think that this bill is going to pass."

She also called for regular order, urging Congress to now hold a series of hearings on health care in order to achieve the best outcome possible.

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Senator Dianne Feinstein, D-California, discusses the North Korean missile test, the failed health care bill, and the criticism of Attorney Gener...

The bipartisan effort, embraced by both Flake and Feinstein, is also a shared feeling among Americans. A new CBS News Nation Tracker Poll found thatmore Americans prefer that Republicans now work with Democrats to improve Obamacare (47 percent), rather than try to repeal it outright (21 percent) or replace it with something exclusively of their own (19 percent).

This sentiment is particularly strong among Democrats and independents, but a quarter of Republicans want to keep Obamacare, with bipartisan improvements.

While the two senators appear to agree on positive steps forward in the health care debate, Senate Minority Leader Mitch McConnell, R-Kentucky, made it clear that his chamber is moving on to other things.

"It is time to move on," McConnell said when the Health Care Freedom Act failed early Friday morning, noting the other unrelated topics the Senate would take up in the hours ahead.

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Flake, Feinstein call for "regular order" in path forward on health care reform - CBS News

Understanding Williams Syndrome: Genetic condition brings host of medical problems but also unlimited capacity to love – WGN-TV

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How a heart that is broken physically works flawlessly when it comes to emotion. For children born with Williams Syndrome, compromised heart function opens the door for an unlimited capacity to love.

Maya is a happy, playful 18-month-old.

The moment I get home from work, the moment she wakes up, she's usually always smiling and happy, says Mayas father Scott Ottenheimer. We celebrate and get so excited aboutthe milestones because they mean so much to us.

When Maya was born inFebruary 2016, she hada heart murmur.

Mayas mother Jenna Ottenheimer says, In her case, the heart murmur ended up being a serious defect. She was born with narrowing of both her aorta and pulmonary arteries. It was absolutely devastating. It was the darkest time of my life.

It was the first indication of their newborn's complex medical condition.And as Scott and Jenna braced for their daughter's open heart surgery, the first of several procedures, they learned of Maya'sdiagnosis -- Williams Syndrome.

People say, 'What's Williams syndrome?' And I say, I've never heard of it either before Maya, Scott says.

Children or adults with Williams Syndrome can experience a whole host of medical problems, says Dr Darrel Waggoner, medical geneticist at the University of Chicago Medicine. They can experience problems related to growth, development, eating.

Williams Syndrome is a genetic condition that affects one in 10,000 people worldwide.

Dr Waggoner says it stems from a chromosome abnormality.

This is a picture of chromosome 7. This white band that's the piece of genetic code thats missing or deleted, says Dr Waggoner. If you think of your genetic code as a set of instructions on how to grow a heart and develop your brain, if you are missing some of those instructions then it leads to changes.

Jenna explains, Maya has a couple other medical problems we follow. We see gastroenterology for acid reflux. Her kidneys are affected.

Along with regular monitoring of hermedical issues, Mayareceives severalhours a week of physical, occupational and speech therapy.

I'm very proud of her andhow far she's come in 18 months, Jenna says. She's crawling and pulling to stand and we feel confident she's going to walk soon. She will talk one day. It's just with Williams Syndrome the delays can be life long.

Amanda and Andrew McDaniel understand completely.

Like Maya, their son Tom was born with a major heart defect.

Were very proud, says Andrew. Weve worked very hard to bring him along.

Amandas pregnancy was uneventful, but as soon as her son was born, he was rushed to the neonatal intensive care unit. And within days it was confirmed he had Williams Syndrome along with another condition that caused problems with his legs and spine.

It was a lot to digest, a lot to take in, Amanda says. We were told to expect a kid who wouldnt sleep, didnt want to eat and would have extreme colic.

Connecting with other families like the Ottenheimers through the Williams Syndrome Association has helped the McDaniels navigate their sons health challenges.

Amanda says, Our biggest struggle in the next months was all the follow up appointments. We saw 12 different specialists because its such a spectrum disorder. Hes had countless tests and procedures.

Now at 2-years-old, Tom is working hard to gain more mobility. Therapy is a constant. But he takes it all in stride. Amid all the challenges, Maya and Tom smile. Its the special gift of people with Williams Syndrome.

Once his personality came in he was always sweet and charming, Andrew says. As hard as it was, that made it worth it.

Dr Waggoner explains, Behaviorally, the children some of them have a characteristic personality. They are very friendly, very social.

He wants the entire restaurant when we go out to dinner to interact with him. He cant walk and he cant talk, but he gets every adult in the restaurant to come up and interact with him, says Amanda. But there is so much more. I want him to be accepted. I want him to have friends.

What she has taught me is how can we say that it's a disorder to be so friendly and so happy? Jenna says. I think kids and adults with Williams Syndrome can teach us a lot about accepting others and being friendly and happy and open minded and open hearted, because kids with Williams Syndrome are genetically born that way.

The joy their children bring is infectious. But the parents WGN spoke with want others to know there is so much more to learn about Williams Syndrome. Thats why they shared their stories to raise awareness and foster a better understanding of some of the major struggles they face.

You can learn more at https://williams-syndrome.org/

Email info@williams-syndrome.org

Williams Syndrome Association: 248-244-2229

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Understanding Williams Syndrome: Genetic condition brings host of medical problems but also unlimited capacity to love - WGN-TV

Genetic engineering creates an unnaturally blue flower – Engadget

The approach is generic enough that you could theoretically apply it to other flowering plants. Blue roses, anyone? There are broader possibilities, too. While the exact techniques clearly won't translate to other lifeforms, this might hint at what's required to produce blue eyes or feathers. And these color changes would be useful for more than just cosmetics. Pollinating insects tend to prefer blue, so this could help spread plant life that has trouble competing in a given habitat.

Just don't count on picking up a blue bouquet. You need a permit to sell any genetically modified organism in the US, and there's a real concern that these gene-modified flowers might spread and create havoc in local ecosystems. The research team hopes to make tweaked chrysanthemums that don't breed, but that also means you're unlikely to see them widely distributed even if they do move beyond the lab. Any public availability would likely hinge on a careful understanding of the flowers' long-term impact.

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Genetic engineering creates an unnaturally blue flower - Engadget

‘True blue’ chrysanthemum flowers produced with genetic … – Nature – Nature.com

Naonobu Noda/NARO

Giving chrysanthemums the blues was easier than researchers thought it would be.

Roses are red, but science could someday turn them blue. Thats one of the possible future applications of a technique researchers have used to genetically engineer blue chrysanthemums for the first time.

Chyrsanthemums come in an array of colours, including pink, yellow and red. But all it took to engineer the truly blue hue and not a violet or bluish colour was tinkering with two genes, scientists report in a study published on 26 July in Science Advances1. The team says that the approach could be applied to other commercially important flowers, including carnations and lilies.

Consumers love novelty, says Nick Albert, a plant biologist at the New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research in Palmerston North, New Zealand. And people actively seek out plants with blue flowers to fill their gardens.

Plenty of flowers are bluish, but its rare to find true blue in nature, says Naonobu Noda, a plant researcher at the National Agriculture and Food Research Organization near Tsukuba, Japan, and lead study author. Scientists, including Noda, have tried to artificially produce blue blooms for years: efforts that have often produced violet or bluish hues in flowers such as roses and carnations. Part of the problem is that naturally blue blossoming plants arent closely related enough to commercially important flowers for traditional methods including selective breeding to work.

Most truly blue blossoms overexpress genes that trigger the production of pigments called delphinidin-based anthocyanins. The trick to getting blue flowers in species that arent naturally that colour is inserting the right combination of genes into their genomes. Noda came close in a 2013 study2 when he and his colleagues found that adding a gene from a naturally blue Canterbury bells flower (Campanula medium) into the DNA of chrysanthemums (Chrysanthemum morifolium) produced a violet-hued bloom.

Noda says he and his team expected that they would need to manipulate many more genes to get the blue chrysanthemum they produced in their latest study. But to their surprise, adding only one more borrowed gene from the naturally blue butterfly pea plant (Clitoria ternatea) was enough.

Anthocyanins can turn petals red, violet or blue, depending on the pigments structure. Noda and his colleagues found that genes from the Canterbury bells and butterfly pea altered the molecular structure of the anthocyanin in the chrysanthemum. When the modified pigments interacted with compounds called flavone glucosides, the resulting chrysanthemum flowers were blue. The team tested the wavelengths given off by their blossoms in several ways to ensure that the flowers were truly blue.

The quest for blue blooms wouldn't only be applicable to the commercial flower market. Studying how these pigments work could also lead to the sustainable manufacture of artificial pigments, says Silvia Vignolini, a physicist at the University of Cambridge, UK, who has studied the molecular structure of the intensely blue marble berry.

Regardless, producing truly blue flowers is a great achievement and demonstrates that the underlying chemistry required to achieve 'blue' is complex and remains to be fully understood, says Albert.

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'True blue' chrysanthemum flowers produced with genetic ... - Nature - Nature.com

Gene therapy cures Duchenne muscular dystrophy in dogs – Next Big Future

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an incurable X-linked muscle-wasting disease caused by mutations in the dystrophin gene. Gene therapy using highly functional microdystrophin genes and recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) vectors is an attractive strategy to treat DMD. Here we show that locoregional and systemic delivery of a rAAV2/8 vector expressing a canine microdystrophin (cMD1) is effective in restoring dystrophin expression and stabilizing clinical symptoms in studies performed on a total of 12 treated golden retriever muscular dystrophy (GRMD) dogs. Locoregional delivery induces high levels of microdystrophin expression in limb musculature and significant amelioration of histological and functional parameters. Systemic intravenous administration without immunosuppression results in significant and sustained levels of microdystrophin in skeletal muscles and reduces dystrophic symptoms for over 2 years. No toxicity or adverse immune consequences of vector administration are observed. These studies indicate safety and efficacy of systemic rAAV-cMD1 delivery in a large animal model of DMD, and pave the way towards clinical trials of rAAVmicrodystrophin gene therapy in DMD patients.

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an X-linked inherited disease affecting 1:5,000 male births, leading to a highly debilitating and ultimately life-limiting muscle-wasting condition. DMD is caused by mutations in the gene coding for dystrophin, a cytoskeletal protein that is critical to the stability and function of myofibres in skeletal and cardiac muscle1,2. Dystrophin establishes a mechanical link between cytoskeletal actin and the extracellular matrix in muscle fibres through the dystrophin-associated protein complex, and when dystrophin is absent the mechanical and signalling functions of the costamer are compromised3. DMD-affected boys develop muscle weakness during the first years of life, and although palliative treatments are available (essentially physiotherapy, assisted ventilation and glucocorticoids) they become wheelchair-bound generally before the age of 15 years. Serious, life-threatening muscle wasting and respiratory and cardiac complications arise in late teens, and patients rarely survive into their fourth decade.

This is the first time a gene therapy based on rAAV-MD gene delivery by LR isolated limb perfusion and without immunosuppression has been performed in young adult GRMD dogs, showing clear prevention of degeneration/regeneration, fibrosis, magnetic resonance imaging and NMR changes and loss in muscle strength.

Unlike rodents, dog immunity shares many common features with its human counterpart with a full development before birth, although the maturity of the immune system completes after birth. An important observation of our study, in view of clinical translation, was the lack of systemic adverse effects and anti-cMD1 T-cell immune responses at the highest, efficacious dose of cMD1 vector, associated with long-term persisting transgene expression despite the occasional and transient detection of anti-cMD1 IgGs in most of the dogs. Importantly, the transient humoral immune response was apparently without serious consequences in the transduced muscles or in peripheral organs.

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Gene therapy cures Duchenne muscular dystrophy in dogs - Next Big Future

The Futurist: Why human resources is a people’s job – Human Resources Online

HR professionals must create the right balance between the human touch and technology, says Christine Ip, CEO Greater China, United Overseas Bank.

As with almost any function in an organisation, the use of technology can transform how companies operate and what they can achieve. Professionals in human resources need to understand the potential use of technology, its relevance and be able to adapt it swiftly to help advise the business accordingly and to drive business outcomes.

Take recruitment as an example. Many organisations with an overseas presence are using technology to reduce the cost of hiring.

United Overseas Bank Hong Kong is no exception. The bank makes use of Skype and FaceTime to interview candidates at the preliminary stage of the hiring process. This allows the bank to widen its potential talent pool and is convenient when the bank is interviewing overseas candidates.

Technology is also used for various human resources initiatives within the organisation. Last year, UOB launched a new and interactive intranet portal to strengthen employee engagement in its offices and branches across the world.

In Greater China, the bank also engages its employees through a WeChat enterprise account. This ensures employees obtain timely information while they are on the go.

However, while technology can be used to improve processes and to broaden the reach of employee engagement programmes, it cannot replace entirely the people skills of human resources professionals.

After all, strong communication skills are essential for success in the relationship-driven sector. The bankers should be able to convey complex financial and market information in a way that is easy for clients to understand and apply to their businesses.

Personal interaction still plays an important role in employee engagement and team building. The bank organises regular town halls and interactive face-to-face forums with senior management, as well as team-building exercises and festive celebrations to enhance the connection and trust between employees.

Building trust starts at the individual level. It is like a drop of water in a pond which then has a ripple effect. Through character, competency and consistency, trust is built with others, across teams, in the marketplace and with the community.

By creating the right balance between the human touch and technology, human resources professionals can help a company attract the right people, keep them engaged and be more competitive.

The June 2017 issue of Human Resources magazine is a special edition, bringing you interviews with 12 HR leaders, with their predictions on the future of HR.

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Singapore was the only country in the Asian region to show a drop in professional job ads for Q1 this year. ..

With nine serviced residences in Singapore, heres how Far East Hospitalitys portfolio accommodates the needs of business travell..

They will now have to use separate terminals to tap into the government intranet and other government-wide applications. ..

Borders are beginning to blur as an increasing number employees become globally mobile. ..

They believe you need to pass on the values of hard work to the next generation, not just cold harsh cash...

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The Futurist: Why human resources is a people's job - Human Resources Online

Marty Sklar, Disney Legend And Futurist, Dies At 83 | Gizmodo … – Gizmodo Australia

Marty Sklar, arguably one of the most influential people to work at the Disney Company aside from Walt Disney himself, died this weekend. He was 83.

Marty Sklar in front of Sleeping Beauty's Castle at Disneyland on July 11, 2005 (AP Photo/Jae C. Hong)

Sklar started at Disney just a month before Disneyland opened in 1955 and would work his way up to becoming one of the most tireless and dedicated storytellers at the company. Sometimes described as Walt's "right hand man," Sklar started by writing speeches for Disney and eventually became President of Imagineering, the creative wing of the multifaceted entertainment company.

Along with Walt, Sklar helped produce the ambitious 1966 film that was shown to investors and government officials to get them interested in EPCOT, the Experimental Prototype Community of Tomorrow. The original vision of EPCOT as a living laboratory would be neutered, but the theme park is still a point of inspiration for futurists and retro-futurists alike.

"Walt Disney had one foot in the past, because he loved nostalgia, and one foot in the future, because he loved new technology," Sklar told Esquire in 2015.

The original EPCOT film can be viewed on YouTube.

Sklar helped oversee the development of virtually every modern Disney park from the construction of Tokyo Disneyland and Disneyland Paris to expansion parks in the United States like Disney-MGM Studios and Disney's Animal Kingdom in Florida, as well as Disney's California Adventure park in Anaheim.

"Marty was the ultimate Disney Imagineer and Cast Member. From his days working as an intern with Walt to just two weeks ago engaging with fans at D23 Expo, Marty left an indelible mark on Disney Parks around the globe and on all of the guests who make memories every day with us," Bob Chapek, chairman of Walt Disney Parks and Resorts, said in a statement.

"He was one of the few people that was fortunate to attend the opening of every single Disney park in the world, from Anaheim in 1955 to Shanghai just last year," Chapek said. "We will dearly miss Marty's passion, skill and imaginative spark that inspired generations of Cast, Crew and Imagineers."

From the Disney Parks blog:

Born in New Brunswick, N.J., on February 6, 1934, Marty was a student at UCLA and editor of its Daily Bruin newspaper when he was recruited to create The Disneyland News for Walt's new theme park in 1955. After graduating in 1956, he joined Disney full-time and would go on to serve as Walt's right-hand man scripting speeches, marketing materials and a film showcasing Walt's vision for Walt Disney World and Epcot.

During this period, he also joined WED Enterprises, the forerunner of Walt Disney Imagineering, and he would later become the creative leader of Imagineering, leading the development of Disney theme parks and attractions for the next three decades.

He retired as Executive Vice President and Imagineering Ambassador on July 17, 2009, Disneyland's 54th birthday. Disney marked the occasion by paying tribute to Marty with the highest Parks and Resorts recognition, dedicating a window in his name on Disneyland's City Hall.

RIP Marty Sklar. Thanks for your optimistic visions of tomorrow, something that seems harder and harder to conjure in the upside down world of 2017.

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Residents of Elan Tower in Sydney's Kings Cross are used to 100Mbps download speeds, thanks to the hybrid fibre coaxial cable they paid Telstra to install six years ago. Now the building is being forced onto NBN's copper-based fibre-to-the-building network. The copper telephone wire in the building, travelling up 40 floors, is 20 years old.

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Marty Sklar, Disney Legend And Futurist, Dies At 83 | Gizmodo ... - Gizmodo Australia

Google’s New Algorithm Wants to Help Researchers Stabilize Nuclear Fusion Reactions – Futurism

Advancing Fusion Research

There are already a number of researchers involved in developing stable nuclear fusion. The goal may seem simple enough in theory:harnessing the same energy that powers the Sun but attaining it has proven to be rather difficult. For one, sustaining a stable nuclear fusion reaction is tricky, as it requires playing with variables that arent that easy to manipulate. Thats why Google Research is working in tandem with nuclear fusion company Tri-Alpha Energy to help simplify the process.

Their solution is a computer algorithm, dubbed the Optometrist algorithm, that can speed up experiments involving plasma, the core ingredient in a fusion reaction. Its also the most challenging aspect to manipulate. The whole thing is beyond what we know how to do even with Google-scale computer resources, Ted Baltz, a senior software engineer fromthe Google Accelerated Science Team, wrote in a Google Research blog.

We boiled the problem down to lets find plasma behaviors that an expert human plasma physicist thinks are interesting, and lets not break the machine when were doing it, Baltz added. This was a classic case of humans and computers doing a better job together than either could have separately.

The Optometrist algorithm was applied to Tri-Alpha Energys C2-U machine, where it was able to perform experiments that usually took a month to finish in just a few hours. The result, which was published in the journal Scientific Reports, was a 50 percent reduction in system-induced energy losses that increased total plasma energy. It was only for about two milliseconds, but still, it was a first! Baltz wrote. The next step is reaching that critical threshold necessary for nuclear fusion to occur and to stabilize.

Fusion research hasgarneredsignificant attention in recent years as scientists have recognized itspotential as arenewable and clean energy source. Nuclear fusion could generate four times the amount of energy nuclear fission produces (one fission event yields about 200 MeV of energy, or about 3.2 10-11 watt-seconds). Its no wonder, then, that fusion is considered the holy-grail of energy research.

Recent questions in fusion research have been concernedwith finding ways to stabilizethe plasma that powers it not an easy feat, since it requires temperatures of over 30 million degrees Celsius to sustain. Thus far, some researchers have proposedbuilding better fusion reactors,and others arelooking at the possibility of using a different base for plasma. Instead of the usual hydrogen, deuterium, or helium, physicists from the Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratoryhave been tinkering with argon-based plasma.

Where does Googles algorithm fit in? Well, it couldsignificantly shorten the amount of time needed for each of these experiments. Results like this might take years to solve without the power of advanced computation, Baltz said. By running computational modelsalongsidehuman experiments, the Optometrist algorithm can breeze through every possible combination for nuclear fusion to work.

Tri-Aplha Energy has already ditched the C2-U machine in favor of the more advanced Norman, which already achieved first plasma earlier this month. Theyre set to build a power generator for demonstration pending more successful experiments withthe Norman.

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Google's New Algorithm Wants to Help Researchers Stabilize Nuclear Fusion Reactions - Futurism