Crowds gather at Union Station for annual Underground Freedom Train Ride – Toronto Star

Hundreds wait to board a TTC subway at Union Station for the Underground Freedom Train Ride in this 2016 Toronto Star file photo. ( J.P. MOCZULSKI / The Toronto Star )

By Laura HowellsStaff Reporter

Mon., July 31, 2017

The TTC was jubilant Monday night as crowds packed into Union Station and later on to a subway train to celebrate Emancipation Day the day slavery was abolished in the British Empire.

Now in its fifth year, the Underground Freedom Train Ride is a symbolic subway ride commemorating the experience of escaping slaves who made the harrowing journey to Canada along the Underground Railroad.

It is recognition of a historic date, Emancipation Day, and it is a celebration of the power and potential of people of African descent, said organizer Itah Sadu, who called the ride a way of connecting the past and the present.

Drums played as the crowd gathered at Union Station for the opening ceremonies Monday night before a subway train traveled to Sheppard West, arriving in the early hours of Emancipation Day on August 1.

The ceremonies included drumming, dancing, songs, speeches and spoken word, all in the spirit of liberation and celebration through a difficult time in our history, said Louis March, one of the organizers.

Mayor John Tory spoke at the ceremony, but was interrupted by journalist and activist Desmond Cole, who spoke out about how Cole was treated at a July 27 police board meeting. That meeting was temporarily halted when Cole demanded to speak about the Defonte Miller case. Cole was then escorted from the building where the police board meeting was held, fined and warned not to return.

I dont think that anybody here should be stopped from riding the liberation train, not even you, he said at the Monday event. But if youre going to be here tonight you have to hear and see what black liberation actually means.

Tory responded that he agreed there are many people in our society who are not fully free, and said he is committed to eradicating anti-Black racism.

The crowd briefly erupted into a chant of Black lives matter, before the ceremony continued.

The event is presented by A Different Booklist bookstore, and is the brainchild of Sadu. It is supported by the TTC and drew a crowd of all ages and ethnicities.

Each year organizers select a conductor for the train, and choose a woman leader in the community who represents the spirit of renowned Underground Railroad conductor Harriet Tubman. This years conductor was Zanana Akande, the first black woman elected to Ontarios legislative assembly and the first black woman to serve as a cabinet minister. Akande called the event an opportunity to look back and remember the issues that we have been able to overcome.

You say, well weve come this far, we can certainly go further, she said. We can achieve those things which we still need to achieve.

A plaque commemorating the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters was presented at the opening ceremony. A permanent Heritage Toronto plaque, sponsored by the Coalition of Black Trade Unions, will be mounted at Union Station once renovations are complete.

Beyond celebration, the ride is also an opportunity for education, said March.

The history books have not really done justice to the full scope of the African Canadian experience. Everybody talks about the Underground Railroad, but its not personalized, its not humanized, he said.

There was courage, there was conviction. There was still family. There were still emotions. All of this stuff has been sort of left out.

The TTC provided the subway car for the train ride. Tory and TTC Chair Josh Colle joined in after the opening ceremony.

Emancipation Day gives us an opportunity to explore and celebrate the rich African-Canadian history that has helped build our city, said Tory in a press release. It is also a day to recognize their struggle for human rights.

The Slavery Abolition Act took effect on August 1, 1834, and abolished enslavement in most British colonies.

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Crowds gather at Union Station for annual Underground Freedom Train Ride - Toronto Star

DFAT enjoying freedom to innovate outside of classified government network – ZDNet

In 2015, Minister for Foreign Affairs Julie Bishop launched the innovationXchange in a bid to activate innovation across the Australian aid program, delivered by the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (DFAT).

In order to do that, DFAT had to look outside the Australian government's classified and protected networks, as it essentially needed the ability to innovate.

Speaking at the Technology in Government conference in Canberra on Tuesday, Jeff Roach, the first assistant secretary of the innovationXchange, said not being locked down by the restrictions the classified network enforces meant DFAT could step away from its reputation as a department good at implementation and risk neutralisation.

He said it allowed the historically non-creative department to shake that status.

"Underpinning all of that was an environment or a culture in which ideas have not been fostered," Roach said.

"Over the last four years, we've been taking forward a number of things to effectively try to loosen the screws and give staff that opportunity and that supporting environment to think creatively about policy settings."

To Roach, it was an important shift in how DFAT conducted itself, as previously staff had not been given the opportunity to think outside the box.

Although set up to provide innovative solutions to deliver aid, Roach said the innovationXchange is being leveraged by other areas of the department.

"We've used that freedom that has come from working on a non-DFAT system to go out and do things that other parts of the organisation may wish to do, but simply don't have that technical operating licence," he explained.

Roach said DFAT has been quite opportunistic with its innovationXchange, exploring emerging technologies such as virtual reality and running "ideas challenges" that have been "pivotal in unblocking the taps" and getting people thinking about ideas.

"We can use technology to provide us with these platforms to create new ways of seeing opportunities for thinking about behaviour change externally, thinking about it in terms of fostering our creativity in workplaces, but at the end of the day, you need substance behind it," Roach said.

"Without the substance, it doesn't matter how big your platform is, regrettably it doesn't matter how good your technology is, it's got to come down to that position taken by senior leadership about how serious they are about creating innovation within a government department or agency.

"Establish that first, and then look at the technology solutions that hang behind it."

During his election campaign last year, Labor leader Bill Shorten announced plans to "improve the budget bottom line". One of his proposed measures was to redirect spending from DFAT to other budget priorities, which included the abolition of the innovationXchange.

At the time, Shorten said the innovation hub focused on "purchasing bean bags" and binning it would save AU$4 million over the medium term.

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DFAT enjoying freedom to innovate outside of classified government network - ZDNet

PM: Ancestors did not fight for freedom only to have it snatched away by criminals – Jamaica Observer

PRIME Minister Andrew Holness, in his Emancipation Day message, has stressed the importance of safety for all Jamaicans, even as critics and supporters of the Government's latest crime -fighting strategy eagerly await the declaration of the first Zones of Special Operation (ZOSO) under the recently passed law.

No citizen who is paying extortion fees to open his little shop or to run his licensed taxi is enjoying the fruits of Emancipation. Our ancestors did not fight for our freedom only to have it snatched away by criminals who would keep us locked in our homes while they roam the streets freely to do evil. No, the Jamaican people deserve their full freedom. They deserve peace and security. Our children must be free to study at nights and not be terrified by gunshots. They must be free to attend school in the day and go to extra classes in the late afternoon without any fear whatsoever, Holness stated

He remarked further that emancipated communities are safe zones, where residents enjoy all the civil liberties enshrined in democratic society. He added that emancipation cannot be sustainable without economic growth, which means that people have access to work, education, health care, housing and adequate community amenities. Economic freedom has to accompany political freedom. Civil liberties are limited without economic opportunity, Holness said.

The prime minister, in emphasising the link between Emancipation and economic liberty and the importance of the rule of law, said: Today, we carry on that mandate of advancing economic liberty, while protecting and promoting the rule of law, in the interest of the people.

Leader of the Opposition Dr Peter Phillips, in his message, said Jamaicans must never forget the sacrifices and the efforts of their ancestors to build a Jamaica that offers opportunity for all, and where families and communities live in harmony free from crime, corruption and oppression.

He said Emancipation Day should be recognised as the bedrock on which ordinary Jamaicans with extraordinary bravery and vision forced the refashioning of the country's cultural, social, economic and political arrangements.

The examples of our freedom fighters must inspire us to assert our rights to live in a Jamaica that provides social justice and equality of opportunity, to housing, security, good health care, quality education, training, and a chance for personal progress and fulfilment, he said.

This year's activities in observance of Jamaica's 55th year of independence from British rule, are being celebrated under the theme Celebrating Jamaicans at Home and Abroad between July 29 and August 7.

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PM: Ancestors did not fight for freedom only to have it snatched away by criminals - Jamaica Observer

Rakuten Trade launches Malaysia’s first rewards ecosystem – Marketing Interactive

Equity broking firm Rakuten Trade has launched a new rewards programme which aims to bring together three leading loyalty providers AirAsia BIG, Berjaya Groups B Infinite and BonusLink under one robust ecosystem.

The Rakuten Trade rewards ecosystem is a free point rewards programmewhere investors can earn RT points from their trading activities, introducing members by referral link or code, share transfer, and by participating in Rakuten Trade marketing campaigns.

Earning points is automatic for all Rakuten Trade customers, in which they can be converted into AirAsia BIG, B Infinite and/or BonusLink points of the same value.

Victor Kaw, chief commercial officer of AirAsia BIG loyalty programme at Think BIG Digital said, Like AirAsia, Rakuten Trade extends the nations first cost efficient retail solution, in this case equity broking.

The Rakuten Trade rewards programme, Kaw said, is a good complement to its BIG platform, as it rewards our loyal members with another way to earn and redeem AirAsia BIG points. Reward redemptions are fast, easy and are made via app, similar our BIG app, thus appealing to new clients right up to the savvier ones.

Meanwhiles BLoyaltys director of retail and innovations, Yau Su Peng also added, as its B Infinite progresses in its transformation from the physical world to the realm of mobile, it is imperative that it prepares for the growing preference amongst consumers for digital-based channels.

Our affiliate partners will give Rakuten Trade the opportunity to provide a diverse range of benefits under one robust ecosystem. We believe this will hold tremendous appeal for the growing number of digitally savvy investors,Kaoru Arai, managing director of Rakuten Trade said.

We wanted to differentiate our platform by giving retail investors an added advantage when they trade shares through us. With AirAsia on board, one can redeem points for airline tickets or hotel accommodations while B Infinite and BonusLink points can be converted to everyday lifestyle needs from a cup of coffee to fuel, he added.

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Where Will JPMorgan Chase Put Its 200 Billion Green Dollars? – Ecosystem Marketplace

31 July 2017 | Earlier this year, Moodys Corp said the green bond market would double in 2017, from $93 billion last year to $206 billion. On Friday, JPMorgan Chase lent that projection credence by committing to funnel $200 billion into clean energy and general sustainability projects between now and 2025, and to get all of its energy from renewable sources by 2020.

The company offered a detailed strategy for achieving its own shift to renewables, which includes long-term power purchasing agreements like a 20-year deal it signed last year with the 100-megawatt Buckthorn wind farm in Erath County, Texas. That commitment alone will meet 13 percent of the banking groups nationwide needs.

The clean financing commitment represents more than $20 billion per year in finance, up from roughly $16 billion per year currently, and spokesperson Stephen OHalloran said the mechanisms will focus on supporting capital increases, managing risk and underwriting debt primarily in the renewables sector, but also by underwriting debt with a sustainable use of proceeds for municipal, corporate and multilateral clients and supporting clients sustainability initiatives.

The wording clearly leaves the door open for finance beyond renewable energy initiatives, and the announcement comes as consumer-facing companies are competing to out-green each other by pledging to reduce their impact on forests even as banks come under heat for financing projects that do the opposite.

In March, for example, the Forest Trends Supply Change initiativeidentified 447 companies that have promised to improve the way they source palm oil, soy, timber & paper and cattle products, but the Tropical Forest Alliance has pointed out that such commitments will come to naught if banks continue to finance projects that contribute to climate change or drive deforestation.

Last month, banking giant HSBC won green cred by asking the Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO) to investigate a company that the bank was lending money to after NGOs said the company would use the money to convert pristine forest to palm plantation a clear indication that investors were beginning to perceive dirty projects as financial risks.

But avoiding risks and proactively investing in sustainable projects are two different things, and beyond renewable energy its not clear where the bank may seek to funnel finance.

On the one hand, the United States is home to a $25 billion restoration economy that employs over 220,000 people, but research from the Forest Trends Ecosystem Marketplace initiative shows that impact investors looking for sustainable projects left over $3 billion undeployed last year.

The bank clearly sees returns in wind power and solar energy, while other investors are struggling to find returns in broader sustainability investments. The challenge now is to create a vortex of risk, reward, and common good that attracts that money and helps us evolve a truly sustainable economy.

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Where Will JPMorgan Chase Put Its 200 Billion Green Dollars? - Ecosystem Marketplace

‘Cyborg’ Justino stops Tonya Evinger with TKO for …

Cristiane "Cyborg" Justino took care of business against Tonya Evinger to win the women's featherweight title at UFC 214. USA TODAY Sports

Cris "Cyborg" pins Tonya Evinger to the cage during UFC 214 at Honda Center.(Photo: Gary A. Vasquez, USA TODAY Sports)

ANAHEIM, Calif. Cristiane "Cyborg" Justino was a spectator when the UFCs womens division debuted here in February 2013.

Flanked by her advisor and former UFC champ Tito Ortiz, Justino told reporters why she couldnt fight Ronda Rousey: she was physically unable to make the cut down to bantamweight (135 pounds). More than four years later and fighting at the 145-pound featherweight division, Justino got her UFC title fight and title at Honda Center as she defeated Tonya Evinger via a TKO (punches) on Saturday.

I am very happy and proud to own this belt and it will be really hard to take it away from me," Cyborg said after the fight. "For the Cyborg Nation fans who were expecting the third belt, here it is."

Cyborg hasnt lost since her pro MMA debut in May 2005 and previosoly held belts in Strikeforce and Invicta FC. Shesecured the UFC featherweight belt that was stripped from Germaine de Randamie in May. De Randamie called Justino a known and proven cheater and refused to take the fight.

The bout was the UFC debut for Evinger(19-6 MMA, 0-1 UFC).

More: Jon Jones wins light heavyweight title from Daniel Cormier with TKO in rematch

More: Tyron Woodley retains welterweight title in measured performance

Justino (18-1 MMA, 3-0 UFC) took control of the bout early, the only thing stopping the barrage of fists and kicks thrown by Justino was an eye poke by Evinger. The referee stopped the fight to check Justinos eye. The fight resumed after the pause and Justino finished the round with a knee to Evingers head.

Justino continued to pick away at Evinger in the second round.

Evinger was unable to avoid the massive strikes and crumpled to the mat for a second time in the third round. Justino pounced and after she delivered a few blows, a stoppage was called at 1:56 in the third round.

"I was very calm this time, calculating the right time to throw the right punches and kicks. I respect Tonya a lot," Justino said. "She is a hard fighter and I hope she has a chance in her division. I dont know what comes next, but I would love to face Holly Holm. I think she was a great champion and fans would like to see us fight.

Justinos MMA credentials only lacked one thing until Saturday: a UFC title. While her inability to make weight at 135 before the 145-pound division was created last year held her back, drug issues have also dogged her career.

Justino tested positive for the steroid stanozolol, a violation that was flagged after her fight against Hiroko Yamanaka in December 2011. The violation cost Justino the win which changed to a no-contest along with her Strikeforce belt and resulted in a one-year suspension.

In January, Justino failed an out-of-competition drug test. She was not punished after she submitted information to the U.S. Anti-Doping Agency (USADA), which administers the UFCs drug-testing program, that the positive test was the result of a legitimate medical treatment.

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Cris Cyborg mouthpiece, Tito Ortiz, is crapping all over Ronda Rousey after UFC 214 – MMAmania.com

Cristiane Justino has done something quite remarkable in her mixed martial arts (MMA) career, holding featherweight titles for Strikeforce, Invicta Fighting Championship, and now Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC).

She also has a staggering 16 knockouts in 18 wins.

Those achievements are enough to stand on their own, but advisor and former UFC light heavyweight champion Tito Ortiz wants to make sure the combat sports universe recognizes that Cyborg is head and shoulders above ex-bantamweight queenpin Ronda Rousey.

From his conversation with Submission Radio:

Ronda was a flash in the pan. And nothing against her, she was a great champ at the time, but when youre getting hand-fed opponents, it is what it is. But Cris is not a person to submit people and give them an opportunity to do it again, shes a person to knock people out. As you heard tonight at the press conference, people comparing her to a Mike Tyson. But now shes a confident person, is keeping her hips low and yeah, she swings like Mike Tyson. All of her sparring partners, theyre all men. We dont have any women sparring partners with her, and when they do its just a confidence booster for her, and Ive got to thank all of them for coming in and working with her. Cris is finally the UFC world champ.

Proof that you can never say never.

Justino (18-1, 1 NC) angled for a Rousey fight for the better part of four years, but continued to find roadblocks along the way. The former wanted a catchweight bout while the latter wanted murder charges.

Not that it matters at this point.

Rousey has since been knocked out in back-to-back fights and may never return to UFC, while Cyborg fresh off her destruction of Tonya Evinger at UFC 214 is looking better than ever.

Send in The Preachers Daughter.

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Cris Cyborg mouthpiece, Tito Ortiz, is crapping all over Ronda Rousey after UFC 214 - MMAmania.com

Tuesday, August 1 – UFC

ANAHEIM, Calif.

Hunched over after falling to his knees, with his light heavyweight championship once again around his waist, Jon Jones emerged from the darkness into a bright new future.

The message: The Champ is Here, just as Joness music prophetically proclaimed as he walked to the Octagon for the first time in more than year.

It got really dark and I spent a lot of time being depressed, Jones said of his time away from the sport while suspended for numerous violations. To be back here and to have so much light and the cheers it was a dream come true. It felt like it was my first title.

Here is the winners circle in the main event of UFC 214 after a vicious headkick led to a ground and pound TKO finish against archrival Daniel Cormier, putting an exclamation on the grandest rivalry in MMA history.

These are the UFC 214 Talking Points

Jones credits DC, describes path to victory

Cormier controlled the action in the first two rounds against a rusty Jones. DC was landing in the striking exchanges, but Jones remained patient and continued to spray strikes specifically, his patented low leg kicks.

But just as Cormier seemed to be on his way to avenging the worst loss of his career, the greatness of Jones allowed him to change the course of the fight and finish.

Daniel Cormier started getting caught up in it being a boxing match and I think he forgot about the takedowns and the kicking and all that, Jones said. He was focused on the low kicks and I surprised him with the high kick and landed flush. I smelled blood and I put him away.

Jones was adamant that he would act much differently toward Cormier at the conclusion of their second fight, after he relentlessly rubbed in his win following the first go around. Once he wrapped his Octagon interview, Jones went over and tried to embrace Cormier, who was still trying to figure out what happened.

I felt like Daniel really elevated his game, Jones said. The two years off and Daniel being active and its a testament to the great team hes a part of. He improved a lot. He came with new weapons and a new level of composure.

Whats next for Bones

After the fight, Jones made an emphatic call out to former UFC heavyweight champion Brock Lesnar. He told FOX backstage that he feels its the right time for a superfight and who better than one of the biggest and most popular heavyweights of all time.

Brock Lesnar, if you want to feel what its like to get your ass kick by a guy who weighs 40 pounds less than you, meet me in the Octagon, Jones said. He then slammed the microphone and made his exit.

Woodleys third defense gets mixed reaction

Tyron Woodley dominated his fight against Demian Maia to retain his welterweight title, but the performance didnt thrill the fans in attendance at Honda Center, who booed throughout and decided to entertain themselves with an old-fashioned crowd wave.

Im willing to win fights and when its someone that is a freestyle fighter then Im going to go in there and take their head off, Woodley said. When its someone thats a jiu-jitsu master, it would be silly for me to take him down and try to submit him. I was satisfied with my performance; not everyone is going to understand what is taking place in there. Its a chess match and I won it convincingly.

Cyborg finally wears UFC gold

Tonya Evinger was a game opponent, but the crisp boxing and explosion of Cris Cyborg allowed the Brazilian to take home the vacant featherweight title.

Years in the making, Cyborg was thrilled to be able to accomplish her dream.

I think this is the perfect time because I think Im at the top of my career now. Im really happy. Im going to make great fights inside this Octagon.

UFC president Dana White said that former featherweight title challenger Holly Holm has showed interest in fighting Cyborg and that could be the next 145-pound title fight. Holm was in attendance Saturday night in Anaheim, in part to support Jones, her Jackson Wink MMA teammate

Matt Parrino is a digital producer and writer for UFC.com. Follow him on Twitter at @MattParrinoUFC

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Tuesday, August 1 - UFC

Bowers Says Beaches are Safe After Kent County Wastewater Issue – WBOC TV 16

BOWERS BEACH, Del. -- Officials in Bowers Beach on Monday afternoon said the town's water is safe after they initially told people not to go swimming there after a wastewater treatment facility in Kent County recently discharged under-treated effluent into the Murderkill River.

Bowers Councilman Bob McDevitt said he installed signs telling people not to swim in the water because of the discharge of under-treated wastewater that prompted a recreational shellfish harvesting ban in the Delaware Bay north of the Mispillion inlet. The signs were removed last week after officials from Kent County told Bowers leaders that the bacteria count in the area around the town's beaches were acceptable.

Earlier this month, Delaware Environmental Secreatary Shawn Garvin ordered a 21-day ban on recreational shellfish harvesting, which impacts the harvest of bivalve molluscan shellfish like clams, oysters, and mussels but does not affect the legal harvest of other shellfish species such as crabs and conchs. The ban was set to go into effect once the treatment issues at Kent County's facility were addressed and it will remain in effect until Aug. 14.

However, DNREC also advised in a news release on July 18against"swimming in the affected area of Delaware Bay or other physical contact with the water."

"That's a red light for me," McDevitt said.

Bowers Vice-Mayor Patty Mabis said she was informed by Kent County's public works department that the bacteria levels in the water near the area surrounding the entrance to the Murderkill River were at acceptable levels, which meant people could swim in the water.

It's not clear how much of the undertreated wastewater was discharged. The facility handles an estimated millions of gallons each day.

For some visitors to Bowers, the fact that the most recent wastewater problem had occurred was unsettling. Dave Udoff of Magnolia was worried about the scope of the issue, especially since he likes to bring his 9-year-old daughter and family to Bowers.

"As nice as the ocean beaches are further south, it's nice to come here and not deal with the crowds," he said.

It's not the first time shellfish harvesting has been affected this year by problems from Kent County's wastewater treatment system. A sewage line break in February near Postlethwait Middle School in Dover prompted David Small, then the state's environmental secretary, to order a similar closure of recreational shellfish harvesting in the Delaware Bay.

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Bowers Says Beaches are Safe After Kent County Wastewater Issue - WBOC TV 16

Red-light cameras among five big items at tonight’s Boynton meeting – Palm Beach Post

BOYNTON BEACH

Red-light cameras have been a thing of the past in Palm Beach County for eight months. While drivers might still spot the cameras on top of the lights, you arent going to get a ticket in the mail if you run a red. The programs are over.

But, that could change tonight.

Commissioner Mack McCray, who has long voted against the cameras, has requested his colleagues reconsider their decision that ended the program Jan. 1. McCray needs two votes and Mayor Steven Grant and Vice Mayor Justin Katz have been proponents of the cameras, citing safety benefits.

I hated them, but then after they went away people must have known they went away and people have just been zooming through, McCray told The Palm Beach Post last week.

The cameras are only one item on a packed agenda that is sure to last well into the night. The meeting starts at 6:30 p.m. at City Hall, 100 E. Boynton Beach Blvd.

Among the other key topics:

What: Should dispensaries be allowed in the city?

Why: In November, Florida voters overwhelmingly passed Amendment 2, making marijuana available to people with certain illnesses. The state has licensed organizations to grow, distribute and sell medical marijuana. The law went into effect July 1.

While the state worked on their law, the city worked on a local law. But city staff recently found out that portions of the local law such as how many dispensaries will open in the city and where are moot according to state law. State law says rules for locating dispensaries cant be tougher than the ones on pharmacies. The City Commission can either allow the dispensaries to open in the city and not restrict them more than pharmacies; allow the stores but change requirements for pharmacies in order to write stricter rules; or ban the dispensaries.

What: The first of two votes allowing a $1 per month increase on residential garbage rates for the next two years. If approved, beginning Oct. 1, single-family home rates would be $17 per month and multifamily home rates would be $13.75 per month. Those increases would bring about $460,000 a year in revenue to the city. For 2018-19, the rate for single-family would be $18 per month.

Why? Vehicle and personnel costs for Solid Waste are rising, and the city wants to keep enough money in the Solid Waste fund to be able to handle unexpected emergencies.

What: Commissioner Joe Casello has requested to discuss allowing dogs at Oceanfront Park beach during certain hours. If the dogs could be confined to one area, he said the dogs wouldnt need to wear leashes. If not, they would wear them.

Why: Just to have the ability to have dogs be on the beach and enjoy the water would be a huge success, Casello said.

What: State Rep. Emily Slosberg has asked Boynton to support legislation that would make the ban on texting while driving a primary offense. As it is now, police officers cannot pull over drivers who are texting while driving because it is a secondary offense.

Why: Slosberg said new legislation would save lives, prevent injuries and prevent property damages.

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Red-light cameras among five big items at tonight's Boynton meeting - Palm Beach Post

Surprise: storm runoff not main cause of illness from polluted beaches – The San Diego Union-Tribune

Its been thought for decades that stormwater runoff is the major source of bacterial pollution in the countys rivers, bays and beaches triggering swimming advisories up and down the regions shoreline for 72 hours after it rains.

However, the greatest source of dangerous pathogens flowing from these urban waterways into the ocean may actually be coming from human waste. Thats according to a newly released study commissioned by the areas top water-quality regulators in collaboration with the city and county of San Diego.

The reports authors said cleaning up sources of human feces such as leaky sewer pipes and homeless encampments near rivers and streams is the cheapest way to improve public health at beaches and bays following periods of precipitation.

Human waste carries significantly more pathogens that can cause gastrointestinal illness and other infections than waste from other warm-blooded animals, including raccoons, coyotes, horses and dogs, according to scientists.

I was personally surprised at the extent of human waste that weve observed in our monitoring, said Todd Snyder, manager of the watershed protection program for the county of San Diego. The preliminary results that were seeing is that this human waste is everywhere upstream in the watershed, downstream in the watershed, tributaries, the main stem of the San Diego River.

The San Diego Regional Water Quality Control Board has required cities under its jurisdiction to limit bacterial pollution at specific locations during dry-weather conditions by 2021 and during rain events by 2031. The program stretches through more than a dozen watersheds, from Chollas and Scripps to San Marcos and Laguna Beach.

The new report looked at the most cost-effective ways to meet state standards for cleaning up fecal bacteria at 20 of the most impacted beaches, rivers and creek segments in San Diego and southern Orange counties.

Following release of the cost analysis, environmental groups expressed concern that local governments would try to use the findings to delay compliance with broader water-quality regulations. But they agreed that leaking sewer pipes and other sources of human waste could be the primary culprit polluting beaches with harmful bacteria.

While we question the motives behind the study and some of its methodology, to the extent this study allows our governments to reverse years of poor planning and fix aging wastewater infrastructure, we hope it can be useful, said Matt O'Malley, executive director of San Diego Coastkeeper.

According to the report, for every $1 million spent by public agencies to reduce human waste in rivers and beaches, about 152 fewer people a decade on average would get sick from associated pathogens.

A different analysis the Surfer Health Study commissioned last year by the city and county of San Diego found that adults who went surfing 72 hours after it rained were more likely than dry-weather beachgoers to suffer gastrointestinal illnesses.

For every 1,000 surfers who went into the ocean within three days of a rain event, 30 fell ill on average, according to the Surfer Health analysis. Thats compared with 25 out of 1,000 surfers who got sick after getting in the water during dry-weather conditions.

The Surfer Health examination, which was conducted by UC Berkeley and the Surfrider Foundation, also found that while higher rates of illness were correlated with wet-weather conditions, the increase didnt exceed water-quality guidelines established by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.

At this point, San Diego County officials are trying to pinpoint where the human sewage in watersheds is coming from. The potential sources are wide-ranging: broken septic tanks, illegal dumping by RVs, transients camped in creek beds and cracking wastewater pipes.

Were doing more water-quality monitoring to see where are the highest concentrations, so we can go after those and dig in further, said Snyder, the watershed protection manager. For sewer pipes, we just need to keep working our way upstream to figure out where those hotspots are.

Community advocates for river and creek rehabilitation projects said homeless encampments are a significant source of pollution in urban waterways.

One of the large problems is transient populations in the creek, all up and down the watershed, said Leslie Reynolds, executive director of Groundwork San Diego.

On Friday, she was standing next to a section of Chollas Creek at Market Street and Euclid Avenue that her nonprofit group has helped restore dramatically, including a walking path, interpretive signage and native vegetation.

The revamped creek also had at least half a dozen homeless people congregating in and around it Friday, including 64-year-old Marcel Smith. He said people sleep in a culvert in the dry creek bed and that some relieve themselves in the area.

We have Starbucks across the street, so a lot of times if a person needs to go to the bathroom, thats where we go, Smith said. You find a lot that go over to the Starbucks and then you find the ones that dont. It varies.

The newly released cost-analysis report for reducing fecal bacteria comes as part of a debate about how and to what extent to improve water quality throughout the region. Should cities and counties follow traditional metrics that look at particular types of contamination, such as harmful bacteria? Or should they embrace broader approaches that seek to restore entire rivers and streams? Or should they concentrate on improving only aspects of watershed health that directly affect people?

Water-quality regulators have long pressured cities in San Diego County to clean up pollution through improvements to their stormwater systems. River contamination is worsened by rains, which flush everything from cigarette butts and industrial chemicals to lawn fertilizers and pet feces into waterways.

Municipalities have submitted extensive plans for meeting these goals, and in the past decade have started limiting hardscape surfaces in targeted areas because they speed up runoff flows and tightening rules on new housing and commercial development to require filtration systems that enable more urban runoff to soak into the ground.

All the while, cities have routinely pushed back on the huge price tags associated with larger river restoration projects and major overhauls of public stormwater systems. The collective cost runs into the billions of dollars over time.

After accounting for financial benefits associated with recreation, public health and other factors, the expense associated with cleaning up bacterial pollution in the regions rivers, creeks and beaches during and after storms would amount to about $34.6 million a year for the next 65 years, according to the new report.

In light of the latest findings, city and county officials have a chance to petition the regional water quality board to revise its overall approach and extend timelines for compliance.

While focusing efforts on human waste wouldnt necessarily satisfy the boards current standards for limiting overall bacterial pollution, it would be cheaper requiring about $20.7 million annually for the next 65 years.

The new report also said if the deadline for wet-weather compliance were postponed until 2051, municipalities could reach compliance by spending only $7.8 million on average for the next 65 years.

Environmental advocates have strongly rejected a longer timeline for compliance, arguing that the water quality board has already extended its deadline for wet-weather standards from 10 years to two decades.

They have pushed for even more expensive changes, calling for large-scale rehabilitation of urban rivers and streams. They believe such investments would create lush, clean and inviting spaces that would also boost home values.

The new report found that incorporating more restoration strategies along with upgrading stormwater systems would have by far the greatest benefits including millions of dollars of savings in public-health costs and higher revenues associated with recreation.

But wide-scale rehabilitation of rivers and comprehensive restoration of wetlands would also end up costing the most money in the long run. To meet the regional water quality boards standards for limiting bacteria, it would cost on balance about $60.4 million a year for the next 65 years.

Elected officials in San Diego and Orange counties will have a chance to submit their latest proposals to the water quality board later this year. The board will then likely make a determination of how to proceed in early 2018.

Twitter: @jemersmith

Phone: (619) 293-2234

Email: joshua.smith@sduniontribune.com

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Surprise: storm runoff not main cause of illness from polluted beaches - The San Diego Union-Tribune

The Best Beaches for a North Carolina Getaway – Travel+Leisure

Home to 300 miles of coastline, its no wonder millions of people flock to North Carolina each year for a taste of beachfront paradise.

While the beach options further south may get more attention (were looking at you, Florida), the sandy beaches of the Tarheel State have everything to satisfy every beachgoer's needs, whether thats picture-perfect sunsets, activities for family fun, or a stretch of sand complete with iconic landmarks.

North Carolinas charming coastline has it all.

With only 92 permanent residents, Indian Beach is known for its upscale aesthetic.

Entering this town, youll see lush maritime forest surrounding the road that you drive along centered around Salter Path that give way to soft sand and Emerald green waters.

Related: The Top 15 Cities in the U.S.

Its not just known for its beauty, though. Indian Beach proudly works in conjunction with the North Carolina Aquarium by running the Bogue Banks Sea Turtle Project, which is staffed by volunteers who study and protect the nesting population of sea turtles. Depending on what time of year you visit, baby turtles are scheduled to hatch you can even to call and inquire about potentially seeing that sight for yourself.

For those who are craving more of a family-friendly beachfront, Carolina Beach checks off most must-haves on your list: a boardwalk fully loaded with carnival rides, endless stores and food vendors, and kid-friendly waters where youll find boogie boarders and body surfers.

Related: The Top 100 Hotels in the World

For the best view of the beach, take the kids on the ferris wheel and show them the beauty of the ocean from a unique perspective.

Accessible only by boat, Shackleford Banks is an isolated barrier island between Beaufort Inlet and Cape Lookout. And, while theres nine miles of shore and sand dunes you can enjoy, theres nothing you will marvel at more than the wild horses that call this beach home.

The arrival of the horses are still a mystery, though its said that they may be descendants of Spanish Mustangs that survived a shipwreck hundreds of years ago.

Related: 8 Ways to Wear Your Swimsuit Out of the Water

After youve had your share of photographing these stunning creatures, walk along the beach to go seashell-hunting, as Shackleford Banks is known for having some of the best shelling along North Carolinas shores.

Of course you can spend your entire day enjoying this park that contains over 1,000 acres of beautiful land, but the beauty of Hammocks Beach State Park presents itself at twilight, where youll find that at dusk, the sky turns a majestic purple. If you do find yourself here during the daytime, youll be able to enjoy kayaking, paddle boarding and fishing.

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The Best Beaches for a North Carolina Getaway - Travel+Leisure

Bodies Found After Swimmers Go Missing off Long Island, New Jersey Beaches – NBC New York

WATCH LIVE

(Published Monday, July 31, 2017)

Bodies have been found off beaches on Long Island and New Jersey amid searches for two swimmers swept away in rough waters in what appears to be a pair of tragic accidents, authorities say.

Jevoney White, 19, of Queens vanished off Smith Point Beach on Long Island Sunday evening. Twenty-four-year-old Zuzana Oravcova of Slovakia, a student working at Jenkinson's boardwalk as part of a visa program, disappeared off Point Pleasant early Monday when she went for a swim with her boyfriend.

Authorities confirmed late Monday morning both bodies had been positively identified as the missing swimmers.

White wasswept away around 6:45 p.m. Sunday. His body was found 20 feet from shore about 12 hours later.

A witness, John Rankin, said there are no lifeguards at the beach after 5:30 p.m. Sunday and everyone swims at his or her own risk. Rankin described a harrowing scene as the man struggled for his life.

"He had his hands in the air and he was trying to gasp for air," he said. "Then a wave had taken him under and I looked around and started panicking."

Rankin ran for help, but the next thing he knew the swimmer was under water and could no longer see him.

Meteorologists had issued a rip current warning along Smith Point Sunday afternoon, but it is unclear if rip currents played a role in sucking the swimmer under water. There is a moderate risk for rip currents Monday.

Published at 10:14 PM EDT on Jul 30, 2017 | Updated at 8:03 PM EDT on Jul 31, 2017

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Bodies Found After Swimmers Go Missing off Long Island, New Jersey Beaches - NBC New York

Former astronomy professor and Madison Library team up for eclipse seminars – Rexburg Standard Journal

REXBURG The Madison Library and a retired astronomy professor are teaming up to offer all things Great American Eclipse this month at the facility.

Allan Morton and adult services librarian Cathy Stanton plan provide a series of seminars about the eclipse. Morton has an extensive background in astronomy, as he taught it at an Arizona college for nearly three decades. Stanton spent eight years with the National Park Service, where she hosted night sky programs.

The Great American Eclipse will be visible during the morning hours of Monday, Aug. 21, in the Upper Valley. It's considered a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity for residents and visitors.

Thanks to a donation from the Space Science Institute, the library has around 5,000 eclipse glasses that it plans to give away to library card holders who don't have any fines.

We're going all out for the eclipse. We will be giving eclipse glasses to anybody who comes to these meetings, Stanton said. Anybody can have as many as they need for their household. We don't want 4,000 glasses sitting around on Aug. 22.

Morton plans to give a general discussion on eclipses at 6:30 p.m. Monday, Aug. 14, at the library. Following that he'll teach residents to make a device called a day-star projector.

At the end of the day, they'll have a little eclipse viewer, he said.

Morton said his day-star projectors are based on the principle of the pinhole camera.

It's a little bit more fun to use. You can learn things about optics and mirrors, he said.

Morton came up with the idea for his day-star projectors when some of his college students were unable to attend a full eclipse in Mexico in the 1990s. Morton wanted a way to create a record of an eclipse. The projector is made of 3x5 cards, tape, glue and a small mirror. It costs less than $4 to make. Area craft stores carry the necessary supplies.

Stanton plans to oversee a seminar called Lost in the Stars at 7 p.m., Tuesday, Aug. 15. The second seminar is called Just a Phase and is scheduled at 7 p.m. Thursday, Aug. 17, at the library.

On Tuesday we'll be talking about the stars. It will be a basic introduction to the night sky. It will be for those who don't know anything about astronomy and are kind of hesitant to begin, Stanton said.

During the Thursday seminar Morton will discuss phases of the Moon.

We'll be talking about science and folklore and have some demonstrations. We'll talk about origin theories all kinds of stuff, she said.

Morton returns at 8 p.m. Friday, Aug. 18, where he'll review the history of astronomy in the Upper Valley.

Morton noted there was a Rexburg eclipse in 1889. He perused the journal of 19th century Mormon pioneer William F. Rigby in hopes of finding something out about it but had no luck.

He had no journal entry for Jan. 1, but he had an entry on Jan. 5. He was in a stake presidency and said that 'Brothers, we need to support the Bannock Academy,' he said.

Morton said that the academy started on Nov. 12, 1888, and, just six weeks later the eclipse took place.

So here are all these students getting together, and some teachers may have gotten together who were interested in science. Surely they knew about the eclipse, he said.

Morton is hoping to find the diary of a resident's ancestor who might have written about the eclipse shortly after it happened.

There's no known person who wrote about what happened here in Rexburg for that eclipse, he said. If anybody has an old journal from that whole week, and if they can find that great-great uncle Joe went and saw the eclipse, I'd love to know that. I could include that in my talk on Aug. 18.

Morton found some information about the 1889 eclipse thanks to a web search.

We know it was clear. All the weather reports say it was clear in Winnemucca and in Pocatello, Blackfoot, Salmon and in Helena, Montana, he said.

Morton's research also indicated that trainloads of people from Salt Lake City headed toward Rexburg to watch the eclipse. One of the more interesting accounts was from a 4-year-old boy.

It was really cute. He said that 'The sun played a trick on those chickens,' Morton said.

Apparently, as the sun darkened, chickens went back into their chicken coop, and as soon as the sun came back out the chickens also went back outside.

The chickens thought they were roosting for the night, but it wasn't night yet. The eclipse happened in the afternoon, Morton said.

Following his lecture on Friday, the library plans to host its annual star party around 9 p.m.

We'll have some telescopes to look at Saturn and whatever else is visible at that time, he said.

Stanton said Morton knows a lot about astronomy.

He is really passionate about astronomy. That makes for a very fun and interesting evening, she said.

Morton grew up in Rexburg and attended Madison High School, where he served as the president of the Science Club. He graduated from there in 1964. He later went to work for Arizona Central College, where he worked for 29 years.

Always interested in the heavens, Morton says that an eclipse is of great importance.

It's one of the most awesome things you could ever see in the sky, he said.

A Mormon, Morton paraphrased the LDS scripture in Doctrine and Covenants 88 when considering how important an eclipse is.

It's talking about the stars and planets and things up in the sky. It says 'Any man who has seen any of the least of these has seen God moving in His majesty and power,' he said. To LDS it helps define why it's of value.

Regardless of religion, the eclipse is turning out to be a significant event in the area. Stanton says she's received calls and emails from people from Canada to Nebraska to Norway to Taiwan.

The guy from Norway heard about the eclipse glasses being handed out here at the library and wanted to know if we could save him a pair. First of all, if you can fly from Norway, you can afford to buy two pairs of glasses, she said.

Others have wanted to know if the library planned any programs that day and if they could use the bathrooms.

We are closed on Aug. 21. We just want people to get out there and enjoy the eclipse. It's not a day to be inside, Stanton said.

That day may be especially meaningful to Morton, as he's expecting a grandchild during the Great American Eclipse.

On Valentine's Day, my son called and said, 'Guess what, dad? We're having a baby on Aug 21, he said.

For more information on the library's eclipse programs call 208-356-3461. For more information on Morton's day-star projectors write to him at scutum63@msn.com.

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Former astronomy professor and Madison Library team up for eclipse seminars - Rexburg Standard Journal

Is There a Giant Planet Lurking Beyond Pluto? – IEEE Spectrum – IEEE Spectrum

Illustration: Simon C. Page

Michael E. Brown is often called the guy who killed Pluto. But he takes the moniker in stride. Sitting in his sunny Pasadena office at the California Institute of Technology, Brown jokes that Pluto, which was reclassified as a dwarf planet in 2006, had it coming. The year before, Brown had discovered Eris, a frosty dwarf in the outer solar system more massive than Pluto and named, fittingly, for the Greek goddess of strife.

Brown now has good reason to hope that history will remember him not for the Eris-instigated demotion of Pluto but as codiscoverer of an as yet unseen, true ninth planeta Neptune-size world so massive that it may have tipped the entire solar system a few degrees sideways.

I meet Brown in the late afternoon, shortly after his breakfast. The 52-year-old, sporting a week-old beard and Converse sneakers, is shifting his sleep schedule to spend the coming nights remotely babysitting a giant telescope asit scans the heavens from the snowy summit of Mauna Kea, Hawaii. Calculations that Brown published last year with Konstantin Batygin, a former student of Browns who now occupies the faculty office next to his, suggest that Planet Nine is real. Somewhere out there, they are convinced, drifts a frozen world so distant from the sunperhaps 5.5 light-days, or roughly 150 billion kilometersthat high noon on its surface is no brighter than a moonlit night on Earth.

Persuadedor at least intriguedby several converging lines of evidence, teams of astronomers around the world are now trying to answer the obviousnext question: Where is Planet Nine? Although it is thought to be 8to10times as massive as Earth and 2 to 4 times as wide, it seems to be maddeningly hard to spot.

Greg Laughlin, an astronomer at Yale University, says, Our best estimate for its current position and brightness put it about 950 times farther than Earth from the sun. As faint as the tiniest moons of Pluto, Planet Nine would be barely two pixels wide on the Hubble Space Telescopes camera. Searchers could easily miss it among random speckles of sensor noise and the twinkling of distant and variable stars. And because the planet is so far from Earth, near the far end of a highly elliptical path that takes at least 15,000 years to complete, astronomers have to wait a day or more between successive photographs of the right patch of sky to see the planet shift its apparent position relative to the much more distant stars.

Huge telescopes on Earth have been scanning the skies for months now. Brown and Batygin have been observing on Japans Subaru telescope on Mauna Keaas have veteran minor-planet hunters Chad Trujillo of NorthernArizona University and Scott Sheppard of the Carnegie Institution for Scienceto exploit that observatorys giant mirror (8.2 meters across) andits 3-metric-ton, 870-megapixel camera. Meanwhile other astronomers, both professional and amateur, are digging through archives of images in hopes of finding this needle in a hayfield.

Photo: Patrick T. Fallon/The Washington Post/Getty Images Celestial Scouts: Michael E. Brown [left] and Konstantin Batygin of the California Institute of Technology are using the Subaru Telescope in Hawaii to search for a ninthplanet.

Any of them could get lucky. But the smart money is on software, either to deliver the quarry or reveal it to be an illusion. Simulations running on supercomputers and in the cloud are modeling billions of years of celestial mechanics to pin down Planet Nines likeliest path. Engineers at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, in Pasadena, have been analyzing telemetry from the Cassini spacecraft for clues to the current position of the putative planet within its enormous orbit. And an ambitious pair of graduate students is preparing to deploy machine-learning software on a petaflop-scale Cray XC40 supercomputer. Their strategy aims to cleverly combine multiple images in which Planet Nine is hidden within the noise to yield one image in which it shines unmistakably.

Although many astronomers share Browns enthusiasm at the prospect of finding a planet bigger than Earth for the first time in 170years, some worry about being fooled by subtle biases or simple coincidences in the data. Myinstinctcompletely unjustifiableis that theres a two-thirds chance itsreally there, Laughlin says.

Galileo could have discovered Uranus, had he kept better records. He did spot Neptune in 1612 but mistook it for a star. It wasnt until 1781 that the amateur stargazer William Herschel stumbled upon what he thought was a comet. He notified other astronomers, who eventually worked out a circular orbit that revealed it to be a planet, which they named Uranus.

Further observations revealed that Uranus sometimes deviated from its calculated orbita clue to yet another undiscovered planet out there, tuggingit off course. In 1846, John Couch Adams and Urbain LeVerrier independently used those deviations to compute the mass of Neptune, thesizeand shape of its orbit, and its current position in the sky. Both got thenumbers quite wrongexcept for the crucial one of where to look, which LeVerrier predicted to within 1 degree. German astronomers pointed their telescope at that spot and found Neptune in less than an hour.

Neptune explained most of the anomalous motion of Uranus, but not all of it. In 1905, Percival Lowell, a rich and ambitious American mathematician, set up a project at his observatory in Flagstaff, Ariz., to search for a planet beyond Neptune, but he died before resident astronomer Clyde Tombaugh found Plutoagain, by happy accident. When Voyager 2 flew by Neptune half a century later, astronomers learned that they had overestimated Neptunes mass by 0.5 percent. Correcting that error fully explained the strange movements of Uranus, which is oblivious to tiny Pluto.

This history of clumsy planetary detections hasnt deterred Batygin and Brown. Since 2001, Brown has led in the discovery of three dozen trans-Neptunian objects (TNOs) in and beyond the Kuiper Belt, a huge ring of icy planetoids that lies outside the orbit of Neptune. Three of Browns findsEris, Haumea, and Makemakehave officially attained the rank of dwarf planet, alongside Pluto. Others, such as Sedna, Orcus, and Quaoar, are next in line for that honor. (By one definition, a planet demonstrates gravitational dominance, snaring nearby objects or flinging them away as it orbits a star. Adwarf planet, on the other hand, has a gravitational field too weak to affect nearby objects to the same degree.)

Now Brown is hunting the biggest prize of all. His quest began one day in the summer of 2014, when he walked into Batygins office brandishing a copy of Nature. Have you seen how weird this is? he asked. He was pointing to a chart in a recent paper by Trujillo and Sheppard reporting the discovery of 2012 VP113, an odd new TNO, suspected to be a dwarf ice planet.

Like Sedna, an icy dwarf that Brown and Trujillo had discovered a decade earlier, VP113 is an extreme TNO, one that mysteriously detached from the Kuiper Belt and now comes nowhere near Neptune. Also like Sedna, VP113 travels a wildly elongated orbit that is tipped at a curiously steep angle to the invariable plane in which all the planets (except chaotic Mercury) move.

In their chart, Trujillo and Sheppard had shown that all 12 extreme TNOs discovered so far have orbits whose long axes are roughly aligned, rather than spread out randomly as expected. This suggests, they wrote, that a massive outer Solar System perturberperhaps an undetected planetmay exist. They floated several other possible explanations as well.

Unlike Brown, Trujillo, and Sheppard, who all specialize in observation, the 31-year-old Batygin has a reputation as a hotshot at celestial mechanics. Plugging numbers for the six most distant TNOs into quick calculations on the blackboard, Batygin realized that the perturber must be a giant planet, also on a highly elongated and inclined path. The repeated gravitational influence of that planet would keep the orbits of the TNOs from precessing around the sun into widely varying alignments.

For a year, he and Brown examined every other possible mechanism while also running weeks-long supercomputer simulations of the solar system with a ninth large planet added to the mix. Mere coincidence, they calculated, was exceedingly unlikely. If we pick six objects at random from this distance, how often would we get clustering this tight? Batygin recalls asking. The answer is about 0.007 percent.

Those odds are now steeper because the list of relevant oddball planetoids known to haunt the outer reaches of our solar system has lengthened: from 6in early 2016 to 20, Trujillo says. About a dozen of these objects orbit within the same vertically tilted plane as Planet Nine does, but they sweep away from the sun in the opposite direction of the planet; a couple of others are aligned with the planet. Then there are a handful of planetoids circling crazily at almost right angles to everything else in the solar system; a couple of these even travel backward around the sun. They all fit in beautifully, Batygin says. As time has gone on, the evidence has only increased.

Last summer, Elizabeth Bailey, a Caltech graduate student, looked into thecentury-old puzzle of what caused the suns axis to tip by 6 degrees fromperpendicular to the invariable plane. Could it be that the suns axis hasnt shifted at all since the star was born inside its protoplanetary diskthatinstead Planet Nine, orbiting at a high angle, has gradually dragged allthe other planets upward by 6 degrees?

Bailey calculated what masses and orbits of Planet Nine could accomplish that feat. The numbers nicely overlap the ranges that Batygin and Brown prefer. Independently, a group of French and Brazilian astronomers published a similar result in December.

The Search: Digital eyes will scan the skies in coming months in hopes of discovering Planet Nine. The Subaru Telescope, operated by the National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, uses infrared light to search for distant traces of radiation. Photo: NAOJ

Wide-Eyed: The Subaru telescopes Hyper-Suprime-Cam is ideal for a sweeping search with a field of view three times the width of the moon. Photo: NAOJ

A Snapshot of Space: In the Southern Hemisphere, astronomers will join the hunt with the 570-megapixel Dark Energy Camera, which can capture light traveling from 8 billion light-years away. Photo: Reidar Hahn/Fermilab

Twin Observers: The 6.5-meter Magellan telescopes stand 60 meters apart at the Las Campanas Observatory in Chile, and enjoy some of the best viewing conditions of any Earth-bound telescope. Photo: Yuri Beletsky

Hidden Clues: Images gathered from 2009 to 2012 on the 1.2-meter telescope at Palomar Observatory might already contain signals from the faint planet that could be sifted from the noise using innovative data mining techniques. Photo: Palomar Observatory/California Institute of Technology

Dual Discovery: Finding a new giant in the solar system could be a dual boon for astronomy if it also proves the value of doing celestial searches on supercomputers, such as Cori at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. Photo: NERSC

With the idea of a big but undiscovered planet in our cosmic backyard moving from possible to plausible, Planet Nine hunters now have to face their biggest challenge: deciding where to point their telescopes. We dont actually know where the planet is today in its orbit, Batygin says. To narrow the search, histeam and other astronomers are sifting clues from computer simulations that recapitulate billion-year segments of the solar systems past or predict itsfar future.

Splashed across two 27-inch monitors on Browns desk, seven charts are cluttered with hundreds of red and white streaks. To the uninitiated, theabstract Mondrian print hanging on his office wall is easier to interpret. Butto Brown, each streak represents an asteroid or planet, and each chart captures one of the seven crucial parameters that define Planet Nines mass, orbital shape, and current position.

Im running 12 integrations of the real objects in the outer solar system and how they would behave over the next billion years with Planet Nine, given different values for the seven parameters, he says. The combinations of values are guesses, guided mainly by his intuition. If one ever happens toworkmeaning that the virtual solar system keeps humming along for thenext billion years without the new planet wreaking havocI can jump upand down, he smiles.

It takes his workstation just two days to model the celestial interactions of 200 tracer objects over a billion years, thanks to advances in technology. Moores Law has obviously helped. But the early 1990s also brought a big breakthrough in an algorithm, known as symplectic integration, that reduced computational times by an order of magnitude. Then came multicore and massively parallel computing systems, which are ideally suited for what Brown calls embarrassingly parallel problems like tracing how the orbits ofmany objects evolve over a wide range of starting conditions.

Data sources: Michele Bannister, Konstantin Batygin, Michael E. Brown, Sarah Millholland, Scott Sheppard. Illustration: IEEE Spectrum Unusual Orbits: Nearly all minor planets detected so far that travel well outside the orbit of Neptune follow highly elliptical orbits that cluster to one side of the sun and are tilted at an angle. Two such objects are aligned opposite to the others. A large but very distant major planet could explain this arrangement, which is highly unlikely to have occurred by chance.

Symplectic integration is so complicated that even Brown admitshe doesnt fully understand the math. But the key idea, he explains, is to take advantage of the fact that you already know that any object circling the sun mostly follows a simple orbit, as described by Keplers laws of planetary motionplus some minor perturbations. Because symplectic integrators dont waste time rediscovering Keplers laws over and over, they run orbital simulations hundreds of times as fastas older methods do. One of the most popular symplectic modeling platforms is called Mercury (not to beconfused with the planet), and it has become the tool of choice for several of the planet-hunting teams, including Brown and Batygin.

At Yale, Laughlin and his graduate student Sarah Millholland enhanced Mercury last autumn with a Markov-chain Monte Carlo algorithm to homein more quickly on promising orbits. Using the 1,000-core supercomputing cluster at Yale, theywere able in a month to simulate a total of 1019 years of orbital mechanics, tracking not only 11extreme trans-Neptunian objects but also uncertainties in their observations.

We got orbital parameters that agree well with Browns and Batygins values, Laughlin says. But our simulation gives a more precise place in the sky to look for it. Their paper, published in February, as well as more recent supercomputer simulations presented in April by Trujillo, puts Planet Nine somewhere in the constellation Cetus (the whale) or Eridanus (the river), at about 28 times the current distance to Pluto. Its still a vast search area, Trujillo says.

Meanwhile, at the Southwest Research Institute in Colorado, David Nesvorn has been modifying his far more detailed models of the formation of the Kuiper Belt from the early days of the solar system to see what happens whenhe plugs in a ninth planet. The simulation, built on a symplectic code known as SyMBA, starts with a million virtual TNOs as they might have existed in the nascent solar system. The system computes 4.5 billion years of evolution and then compares the outcome to what astronomers see today. Each run takes more than five weeks to complete on 500 CPU cores of NASAs Pleiades supercomputer.

Initial results seemed encouraging: Extreme TNO orbits lined up just as others had found. It showed that Planet Nine could be responsible for that, Nesvorn says. But things didnt work out as well when he then focused on how Planet Nine would affect a certain class of comets.

My model nicely reproduces all orbital parameters for these cometsuntil I add Planet Nine, he says. In the model, the new planet tilts the so-called scattered disk, where Jupiter-family comets originate, causing the virtual comets to enter the solar system more steeply than the real ones do.

More caveats to Planet Nines theorized existence come from the Cassini probe, which has orbited Saturn since 2004. From minute changes in the spacecrafts speed and other telemetry, the Cassini team calculates the distance from Earth to Saturn to within 3 meters. Those range measurements could reveal even small deviations in Saturns orbit due to the pull from Planet Nine, but only if it is close or large enough. William Folkner, aprincipal engineer at JPL, says he and coworkers examined the data and sawno perceptible distortion of Saturns orbit. So, if Planet Nine exists and is 10times Earths mass, it must be within 25 degrees of the farthest point in its hypothetical orbit, he says. A smaller Planet NineBrown now favors a mass eight times that of Earthwould have 40 degrees of wiggle room to hide in.

The results, positive and negative, aid the handful of observers now hunting for Planet Nine on telescopes. In addition to the groups working on Subaru, Sheppard and Trujillo are leading searches in the high desert of Chile, in case the planet is easier to see from the Southern Hemisphere. There, both the 570-megapixel Dark Energy Camera (DECam) on the 4-meter Blanco telescope and the 6.5-meter Magellan telescopes are contributing to the hunt.

Illustration: Mark Montgomery Dark Light: A new search technique developed by a team at the University of California, Berkeley, processes successive telescope images of the same patch of nightsky. In Step 1, software subtracts out known objects and noise, leaving only unknown objects too faint to see in any individual image. In Step 2, software combines the images, shifting each so the planets theorized position is stacked directly on top of its position in previous images. This approach brightens any light reflected from the planet, making it easier to spot.

I actually think we will not discover Planet Nine by scanning the sky, Brown says. We could, but I think somebody will find it first in archival data, from surveys that have already photographed huge swathes of the heavens. After Uranus and Neptune were discovered, astronomers noticed that earlier stargazers had already recorded the two worlds many times but not recognized them for what they were. Now at least four efforts are under way to find a new planet in old photos.

David Gerdes of the University of Michigan has been combing through thearchive of DECams survey observations to find images of the planet. Bycoincidence, Brown notes, our predicted path for the planet goes right through the Dark Energy Surveys field of view.

An army of amateurs has jumped into the game as well. In February, MarcKuchner of NASAs Goddard Space Flight Center helped launch a crowdsourced effort to compare successive infrared images made by the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer space telescope of the same spot in the sky. By July, the project had recruited 40,000 volunteers, who had thoroughly reviewed over 125,000 chunks of space. A southern-sky version, launched in March with data from the Australian SkyMapper telescope, blew through 106,000 search regions in just three days. Laudable as these citizen-science projects are, their odds of success are low because the small telescopes involved typically cannot gather enough light to see something as dim and distant as Planet Nine is thought to be.

Michael Medford and Danny Goldstein, graduate students at the University of California, Berkeley, think they have a solution to that problem. Drawing on hundreds of thousands of images covering the search area for Planet Nineallshot from 2009 to 2016 using a 1.2-meter telescope in the mountains north of San Diegotheir system will combine multiple images in an ingenious way that should brighten the faint flickers of light from Planet Nine enough to distinguish them from background noise.

Because the planet is moving with respect to the background stars, you cant just add overlapping images together, Medford points out. Instead, their software selects each of the many distinct plausible orbits for Planet Nine, projects the planets movement onto the relevant patch of sky, and then offsets successive images to superimposeand brightenany pixels corresponding to the planet. A pipeline of software written with Peter Nugent, their faculty advisor, performs the overlapping and subtracts known objects such as stars.

The computational task is enormous because the planets orbit is still so uncertain. To do a 98 percent complete search, Medford estimates, they will need to perform 10 billion image comparisons. Fortunately, Nugent has time allocated on the Cori supercomputer, a new Cray XC40 system that recently ranked as the fifth most powerful in the world.

Illustration: Robert Hurt/California Institute of Technology The Prize: An artists rendering of Planet Nine shows the planets far side, as if the viewer were looking back toward the sun.

False positives are unavoidable. Even if we get only one false hit for every million searches, well still get 10,000 fake planets, Goldstein says. So we will be passing all detections through a machine-learning system trained to catch and reject artifacts: satellite trails, hot pixels, cosmic rays, and other spurious sources.

With the data already in hand, the two expect the system, running in parallel on hundreds of Coris CPU nodes and 278 hyperthreads per node, to finish the work in just a few days when they flip the switch in August. Well be sitting on the edge of our seats, Goldstein says. And whether we find P9 or not, this method can be used to detect other TNOs.

Im rooting for them, Brown says. Though his own major finds have all beenmade by classic observation, Ive been doing that since 1998, he says. Its boringIm tired of it.

He harks back to the heady days of technology when his father, a NASA engineer, worked on the Apollo moon-landing missions. Discovering a major planet through clever computational methods would be better, he argues, because it would represent an impressive dual discovery: a new giant added tothe celestial pantheon, plus a powerful new computational technique for uncovering mysterious objects hidden right in our little corner of the cosmos.

This article appears in the August 2017 print issue as Where Is PlanetNine?

W. Wayt Gibbs is a freelance science writer and the editorial director for Intellectual Ventures in Seattle. He has previously written for IEEE Spectrum about how to build a levitating disco ball or make your own Amazon Echo.

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Is There a Giant Planet Lurking Beyond Pluto? - IEEE Spectrum - IEEE Spectrum

So the eclipse is coming and you suddenly want to be an astronomer. Here’s what they actually do. – Washington Post

Its being called the Great American Eclipse, because on Aug. 21, for the first time in U.S. history, a total solar eclipse will be seen only in this country and its the first total solar eclipse since 1918 to move from coast to coast. You can learn everything you need to know about the eclipse here, and in this post you can learn about the people who are most eager to study the phenomenon astronomers.

Astronomy is one of those subjects many people find interesting but dont really understand. What do astronomers actually do? And how do they do it? How did they even become astronomers? This is Q&A that explores those and related issues with Amber Porter, a lecturer in astronomy and space science at Clemson University, where the 2017 eclipse will be seen in totality for 2 minutes and 37 seconds on Aug. 21.

[Everything you need to know about the solar eclipse]

Q: Lets start with your story: When did you decide you wanted to be an astronomer and why? And what was your educational route to becoming one?

A:I have been interested in astronomy for a long time, but I dont think I knew that I wanted to be an astronomer until I decided to apply to graduate school. My love of science first became apparent in middle school and blossomed throughout high school. Learning facts in my science classes was never enough and I always wanted to know why nature acted the way it does. I enjoyed my chemistry and math classes in high school, but nothing compared to my earth space science class, so that is what really sent me down the path of pursuing physics and astronomy. After graduating from high school, I received a bachelor of science in physics at Lycoming College in 2009. I wasnt sure what to do next and the decline of the economy meant that there were very few jobs for college graduates at that time in their fields of study. When I received a job offer to work with some of the smallest aspects of nature by colliding subatomic particles together, I realized that I was much more interested in studying the biggest objects nature can offer stars and galaxies. So the next step was receiving a PhD in physics from Clemson University in 2016, where I studied the three-dimensional shape of exploding stars in distant galaxies.

Q: The three-dimensional shape of exploding stars in distant galaxies? Sounds fascinating. Before I ask you why that is important to know, lets talk broadly about astronomy. How many different kinds of astronomers are there, and what do they do?

A: This is an interesting question because scientists love to place objects into groups as a classification method and there are numerous ways that we can subdivide astronomers. An astronomer may identify themselves based on the part of the universe that they study. For example, there are planetary astronomers who want to determine what planets and their atmospheres in our solar system are made of and how they have changed over time. There are also astronomers who prefer to study what stars are made of and the life stages of these giant balls of gas. People who study cosmic rays, supernova explosions or black holes may call themselves galactic or extragalactic astronomers. Astronomers also describe themselves according to what part of the electromagnetic spectrum they tend to use to study an object such as radio astronomer or gamma-ray astronomer. These are people who collect the longest and shortest wavelengths of light, respectively, that are emitted by their object.

The last classification Ill offer is this: You often hear astronomers divide themselves into observational, computational, and theoretical regimes. Observational astronomers are those that use telescopes to collect the light of celestial objects for further analysis. Astronomers often require complex computer codes to build models of the universe in our computers. We can then tweak the parameters of the model like turning a knob to try to fine-tune our models to match the reality of the information we collected from space.

[Travel the path of the solar eclipse]

Q: So in what subjects do all astronomers have to excel? Math? At what level? Which sciences? What other subjects should wannabe astronomers study in school?

A: In high school, wannabe astronomers should study as much math as possible up through calculus. Once in college, a physics or astronomy major will also take a variety of other higher level mathematics courses such as statistics, differential equations or linear algebra.

Taking a breadth of science courses as well is very helpful for astronomers. All of science is connected. We use the laws of gravity from physics to understand planetary orbits, we study how fusing nuclei in the bellies of stars produces a variety of elements on the periodic table, and we try to decipher what planets and their atmospheres are made of to see if they contain the building blocks for life that we study in biology classes.

Gathering data from telescopes is a small piece of being an astronomer. Much of our time is spent on computers analyzing data and writing papers so computer programming and English classes are essential as well. As you can see, astronomers excel at nearly all subjects taught in schools. I think it is important to note that I myself never felt particularly gifted at math so if you are currently struggling in any one subject, dont feel as though you can never become a scientist or astronomer. I think it is much more important that you have the tenacity to work on hard problems and the desire to ask why.

Q: What exactly do astronomers see when they look through telescopes?

A: Contrary to popular belief, astronomers often do not look directly through telescopes anymore. If you are stargazing for pleasure on a clear night, you will still look through the eyepiece of a telescope. However, the large telescopes that professional astronomers use typically have primary mirrors with diameters between 1-10 meters (or approximately 3-33 feet in diameter) and are operated through computers in a control room. Some telescopes are even set up so that they can be controlled remotely over the Internet by observers sitting hundreds of miles away.

When astronomers point a telescope toward a particular celestial object of their interest, they capture its image by exposing a charged-coupled device, or CCD, attached to the telescope. When light strikes the CCD, it dislodges electrons in the CCDs material. At the end of the exposure, the number of dislodged electrons in each pixel is read out to tell us how much light hit each particular pixel of the CCD. This digital signal is then turned into a black and white picture of the object the telescope is pointed toward. In order to get the really beautiful pictures we share with the public of celestial objects, astronomers must take pictures of the same object in a variety of wavelengths or bands that correspond to the colors seen by human eyes. We then carefully combine each of the photographs to produce the high quality images everyone loves to see.

Q: How big of a deal is this upcoming eclipse to astronomers? What do they hope to learn from it?

A: Many astronomers have never seen a total solar eclipse so seeing the corona of the sun during totality will be just as majestic for those who study space for a living as everyone else who stands in the shadow of the moon on Aug. 21.

One question that astronomers will try to answer by studying the solar eclipse is what heats the outer layers of our star. Heat naturally flows from warmer to cooler places. The temperature of our sun decreases from tens of millions of degrees in the interior to about 10,000 degrees on its surface. By the laws of nature, we then expect the temperature to decrease as we move into the suns atmosphere. However, the temperature rises to over 2 million degrees in the corona so there must be some additional heating process within the solar atmosphere that we do not completely understand yet. Astronomers can only see how the behavior of the atmosphere where it meets the surface of the sun during total solar eclipses so there are not many opportunities to do this type of science.

There are a number of amazing citizen science projects that involve atmospheric physics and biological sciences that everyone can participate in on Aug. 21. A rundown of these projects is featured here.

Q: How is the astronomer pipeline? Are there as many students today as interested in entering the field as earlier during the space race and shuttle era?

A: There are slightly more physics degrees conferred today as compared to the space race era and the number is on the rise. Watching men walk on the moon inspired an entire generation of people and I hope that witnessing something as awe-inspiring as a solar eclipse in your own backyard will enlighten the next generation to pursue STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) careers.

As our global need for technology grows every day, we need Americans who are well prepared to lead us into the future. Majoring in science fields like astronomy and physics can lead you down many career paths. Astronomers are taught how think outside of the box, to have healthy levels of skepticism because they become great critical thinkers, and to break big problems into solvable pieces. So not everyone who majors in astronomy may continue to answer questions about space, but they may also crunch numbers as data scientists, write code as computer programmers, or be innovative at tech companies. The small skills learned along the way to understanding our big universe can add up to success in a variety of careers.

Q: And, finally, early in the interview you mentioned the three-dimensional shape of exploding stars in distant galaxies. Why is it important to study that?

A: When supernovae are detected in distant galaxies, the explosions look like bright points of light, like brand new stars, that appeared in the galaxy seemingly overnight. These explosions are so bright that they can sometimes outshine the light of the entire galaxy where the star lived for billions of years. I study explosions that originate within burned out cores of stars called white dwarfs. These white dwarfs all explode at nearly the same mass and therefore are all equally bright explosions. However, by comparing how much a white dwarfs brightness dims to how bright we know it should be, we can determine the distance to that supernova and therefore to its host galaxy. Astronomers have used these white dwarf explosions, called Type Ia supernovae, to measure the distances to galaxies billions of light-years away. The results have shown us that our universe is expanding and the expansion is accelerating with time.

In order to determine the accelerated rate more precisely, we must carefully study the intrinsic brightness of the Type Ia supernovae. Thats where my work on measuring the three-dimensional shape of these explosion comes in. Our precise measurements of these explosions show that they are not perfectly round, and therefore the angle at which you view the explosion can change how bright you measure it to be. As an exaggerated example, imagine the ejecta of an exploded star takes on the shape of an egg rather than a baseball. The explosion will not appear as bright if you view the eggs top as compared to the eggs side. My quest is to measure the three-dimensional shape of Type Ia supernovae so that we can measure the distances to their galaxies more precisely.

[How to get kids ready for, and excited about, the Great American Eclipse]

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So the eclipse is coming and you suddenly want to be an astronomer. Here's what they actually do. - Washington Post

Family astronomy event scheduled at Dickson Mounds Museum – Newton Press Mentor

At Dickson Mounds Museum on Saturday, Aug. 12, 2017 from 7-10 p.m., visitors are invited to enjoy a new event, Family Night: Astronomy.

At Dickson Mounds Museum on Saturday, Aug. 12, 2017 from 7-10 p.m., visitors are invited to enjoy a new event, Family Night: Astronomy.

Participants of all ages may discover the intricacies of the night sky through telescopes, a star lab, and related crafts. A portable planetarium will provide a view of the stars, rain or shine. The program will also include a chance for participants to enjoy viewing the Perseid Meteor Shower throughout the Museums grounds.

Admission is free; however, donations are appreciated. Registration is not required. Participants are encouraged to bring their own blankets or lawn chairs to use for the outdoor portion of the event.

The Illinois State Museum-Dickson Mounds is located between Lewistown and Havana off Illinois Routes 78 and 97. The museum is open free to the public from 8:30 a.m. to 5 p.m. every day. Tours and special programs are available for groups with reservations. For more information call 309-547-3721 or TTY 217-782-9175. Also visit Facebook at Illinois State Museum-Dickson Mounds or online at the Dickson Mounds link on the Illinois State Museum website at http://www.illinoisstatemuseum.org.

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Family astronomy event scheduled at Dickson Mounds Museum - Newton Press Mentor

Cookie-Cutter Supernovas Might Come in Different Flavors – Quanta Magazine

Of all the mysteries in astrophysics, supernova explosions may seem to be the best-understood, at least to a lay person. A star runs out of fuel and goes boom.

But most of what we know is based on guesswork. My recent article on supernovas, Lucky Break Leads to Controversial Supernova Discovery, focused on the puzzles surrounding just one class of these objects so-called Type II core-collapse supernovas. But another common kind of supernova has recently been subject to scrutiny, and uncertainties over this type of supernova could affect our understanding of larger cosmic questions.

Until a few years ago, astronomers believed that all Type Ia supernovas are like fireworks built on the same assembly line, each one bursting with an identical brightness. Because of this, Type Ia supernovas were used as standard candles calibrated beacons that astronomers could use to deduce cosmic distances. Cosmologists used these supernovas to show that the universe is filled with mysterious stuff called dark energy a discovery that garnered the 2011 Nobel Prize in physics.

More recently, however, scientists have realized that the standard-candle model is flawed. Researchers have known since the 1990s that not all Type Ia supernovas reach the same brightness. Brighter ones appear to dim a little more slowly than fainter ones, so astrophysicists have been able to correct for the difference. But now researchers believe there is a strong relationship between the metallicity of a supernova (how many elements it contains that are heavier than helium) and its brightness. And metallicity is not easy to measure.

And while we know that a Type Ia supernova is a thermonuclear explosion that generates huge amounts of heavy elements such as iron, we still dont understand exactly what triggers it, although so-called white dwarf stars play a starring role. These objects are the cold, inert remnants of mid-mass stars such as our sun. A white dwarf star is exceptionally stable and would never explode on its own. But sometimes it will pull matter away from a nearby object, accreting mass until it hits a very precise milestone called the Chandrasekhar limit. At that point, the white dwarf can no longer support its own weight, and an explosion ensues. White dwarfs at the Chandrasekhar limit are thought to be more or less identical, which is why Type Ia supernovas were considered to be such great standard candles.

But what, astronomers wonder, is the nearby object that white dwarfs are pulling matter from? There is no consensus among astronomers what the progenitor system is for TypeIasupernovas, said Subo Dong, an astronomer at the Kavli Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics at Peking University. According to Mark Sullivan, an astrophysicist at the University of Southampton, the companion star could be another white dwarf, or it could be something else, perhaps a main-sequence star a few times more massive than our sun. If its another white dwarf, the two might spiral inward and merge, which could significantly affect what happens. Studying the explosion mechanism and progenitor systems of Type Ia supernovas is a very active area of research nowadays, Dong said. I think we are at an exciting time of a paradigm shift in understanding thesupernovaexplosion.

Supernovas can explode in many varied and diverse ways that we are only just beginning to understand, Sullivan said. Even events that we thought we understood very well such as Type Ia supernovas turn out to have a surprising amount of variation.

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Cookie-Cutter Supernovas Might Come in Different Flavors - Quanta Magazine

Facebook Shut Down An Artificial Intelligence Program That …

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Facebook might have accidentally gotten a little closer to answering Phillip K. Dicks 1968 question of whether androids dream of electric sheep. The social media giant just shut down an artificial intelligence program after it developed its own language and researchers were left trying to figure out what two AIs were talking about. The AIs had found a way to negotiate with one another, but the way they debated used English words reduced to a more logical structure that made more sense to the computers than to their human observers. What at first looked like an unintelligible failure to teach the AIs to talk instead was revealed as a result of the computers reward systems prizing efficiency over poetry.

There are plenty of computer languages developed by humans to help computers follow human instructions: BASIC, C, C++, COBOL, FORTRAN, Ada, and Pascal, and more. And then there is TCP/IP, which helps machines communicate with one another across computer networks. But those are all linguistic metaphors used to describe electronic functions, rather than the vocabulary we need to discuss the huge leap forward an artificial intelligence developed by Facebook recently made. The goal was ultimately to develop an AI that could communicate with humans, but instead the research took a left turn when instead the computers learned to communicate with one another in a way that locked humans out by not following the rules of English.

For example, two computers negotiating who got a certain number of balls had a conversation that went like this:

Bob:i can i i everything else . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Alice:balls have zero to me to me to me to me to me to me to me to me to

Bob:you i everything else . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Alice:balls have a ball to me to me to me to me to me to me to me

Though it looks primitive and a little nonsensical, at its heart, this isnt so different from the way that the English language evolves through human use. Think for example of how short form electronic communication like texting and Twitter has lead to abbreviations and the elimination of articles that might get you docked for bad grammar in class but are quicker to write and read in common use. Or think of phrases like baby mamma that developed to distill the complexities and subtitles of different relationships into a single turn of phrase that can efficiently convey connections and identities.

Eventually researchers worked out what was going on, and shut down the program. There are obvious concerns with learning computers developing languages that outpace our own abilities to translate and follow their inherent logic. Not to mention that Facebook never designed their AI to be a vanguard of linguistic evolution. They just want their platform to talk to users in a clearcut way. But what they stumbled on could prove very helpful to the next generation of linguists working on the cybernetic frontier.

(Via Digital Journal &The Atlantic)

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Facebook Shut Down An Artificial Intelligence Program That ...

Automation, Artificial Intelligence to make many IT jobs obsolete over next 5 years, says survey – Firstpost

The Information Technology has never had it so bad as it has since a year ago when job cuts and summary dismissals have been the order of the day. No matter which blue chip IT firm an individual works for, the jobs they are hold at risk, irrespective of seniority.

Reuters

A survey by Simplilearn, How Automation is Changing Work Choices: The Future of IT Jobs in India, says that the future of IT is in Cyber Security, Big Data and Data Science, Big Data Architect, Big Data Engineer, Artificial Intelligence and IoT (Internet of Things) Architect, and Cloud Architect .

The jobs that will disappear will be anything in the next five are those that are repetitive and can be taken over by Artificial Intelligence (AI) such as manual testing, infrastructure management, BPO and system maintenance will massively decline over the next five years.

Core development jobs will not feel the impact of job loss, said Kashyap Dalal, Chief Business Officer. The IT industry is seeing the impact of two major trends - one, that of AI and machine learning. And second, that of legacy skill-sets going out of date. While there is risk to jobs due to these trends, the good news is that a huge number of new jobs are getting created as well in areas like Cyber Security, Cloud, DevOps, Big Data, Machine Learning and AI. It is clearly a time of career pivot for IT professionals, to make sure they are where the growth is."

The report further provides insights into the preferred technology skills based on a survey of 7,000 IT professionals from key metros. Over 50 percent of IT professionals with work experience of 410 years have invested in courses and training programs to help them build new skills.

Big Data & Analytics, Project Management, Cloud Computing, Cyber Security, Agile & Scrum, and Digital Marketing are among the top domains in which professionals are investing for online training programs.

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Automation, Artificial Intelligence to make many IT jobs obsolete over next 5 years, says survey - Firstpost