More evacuation warnings issued for Liberty, Rice Ridge fires – NBC Montana

More evacuation warnings issued for...

SEELEY LAKE, Mont. - The Missoula County Sheriff's Office extended an evacuation warning for Cottonwood Lakes Road. The area has been closed to access after the Rice Ridge Fire has grown 300 to 500 acres Monday, totaling 1,994 acres. An evacuation warning was issued Monday for Placid Lake, affecting around 170 residents.

The Seeley Lake Elementary School was packed with residents wanting more information, and officials say community members should get used to firefighters in town. A Type II Incident Team will be relieving the current team.

Seeley Lake and Placid Lake sit between the Liberty Fire to the west and the Rice Ridge Fire to the northeast. Officials say the fire is about 3 miles from communities in either direction.

The Liberty Fire started on July 15 and was under the control of the CSKT Division of Fire. Since its start the fire was holding at 600 acres. Sunday one fire spot grew 80 acres in 15 minutes, eventually growing 1,600 acres in one burn period. It spread from the Flathead Reservation to the Lolo National Forest.

Authorities say fire crews are gearing up for a strong wind event expected on Wednesday.

"With no containment on (the fire) we can expect more growth. It really just depends on the wind and if those winds line up with the canyon and those kinds of things. If those things come together you can expect more rapid growth," said public information officer Richard Hadley.

The Liberty Fire is burning into areas that were affected by the 2007 Jocko Fire, which burned more than 60,000 acres.

The Missoula County Sheriff's Office says they have simplified the evacuation process. Law enforcement will attempt to make personal contact with residents in the case of an evacuation warning and will give residents a yellow informational sheet.

When under an evacuation warning officials say to get your belongings and important documents in order, make accommodations for your pets and let law enforcement know if your home has an elderly or ill resident.

An evacuation order is issued with a red sheet, and that means it's time to go. Best case scenario -- residents will typically have between 24 and 48 hours to leave.

Brenda Bassett, the public information officer for the sheriff's department, says if law enforcement isn't able to get to the neighborhood you can expect to hear a siren.

If the fire moves closer to Morrell Creek and Cottonwood Lakes Road law enforcement may initiate an evacuation warning or order. These are major areas of risk because of the amount of structures and residents.

Both fires are expected to grow in size because of these dry conditions. No rain is in the foreseeable forecast. Officials say they are generating computer models to predict fire movements and see if it could make its way toward the Rattlesnake Wilderness.

As of July 30 the cost of the Liberty Fire was $900,000, and that number is expected to grow as the fire requires more resources.

Authorities say Montanans can expect another month of fire activity because the 2017 fire season started about two weeks early.

"We live here together in Seeley Lake, and we all want to see a sustainable way of life. It takes a village to make it work and coordinate law enforcement and the rules in place to protect the values at risk," said Seeley Lake District Ranger Rachel Fiegley.

The sheriff's office says if you haven't activated your Smart 911 you can do so here.

Currently closures in the Seeley Lake area include:

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More evacuation warnings issued for Liberty, Rice Ridge fires - NBC Montana

Letter: USS Liberty attack was tragic mistake – Worcester Telegram

Charles Giulianis letter lambasting the City Council for refusing to commemorate the sailors who lost their lives in a tragic 1967 Israeli attack on the USS Liberty, resulting from misidentification of the ship, is misleading and biased. A Google search for one of his sources, James Bamford: Golan-Heights attack, leads to an article in a newsletter promoted by lunatic-fringe paleolibertarian Lew Rockwell, a newsletterwhich also described black people as animals and espoused the slogan sodomy=death.

Giulianis other source, Ward Boston, as counsel to the U.S. Navy Court of Inquiry into the Liberty incident signed the Courts 1967 finding that the attack on the Liberty was in fact a mistake. Not until 2003 did Boston recant that finding. His subsequent 2007 news story charging that the U.S. government had covered up the truth about the incident for 40 years supplied no supporting evidence and contained numerous factual errors. It even propagated a myth that the Israelis, rather than trying to rescue the Libertys crew as they did, machine-gunned its life rafts. The elderly Bostons 2007 article relied on the assistance of one Ron Gotcher, who falsely claimed to have worked for the NSA and was reportedly the frontman for a Saudi-financed anti-Israel propaganda coalition.

As journalist James Jackson Kilpatrick wrote in 1967, it would have been utterly irrational for the Israeli Navy knowingly to have launched an attack on the U.S. ship, and the only reasonable explanation was that it was a mistake resulting from the fog of war.

David Lewis Schaefer

Professor of Political Science, Holy Cross College

Worcester

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Letter: USS Liberty attack was tragic mistake - Worcester Telegram

Officials warn about cop impersonator in Liberty County | khou.com – KHOU

Investigators in Liberty County issued a warning after they got a report on a man pretending to be a police officer.

Grace White and KHOU.com Staff , KHOU 10:58 PM. CDT July 31, 2017

Investigators in Liberty County issued a warning Monday after they got a report over the weekend of a man pretending to be a police officer. (Photo: KHOU)

LIBERTY COUNTY, Texas - Investigators in Liberty County issued a warning Monday after they got a report over the weekend of a man pretending to be a police officer.

It's the third case reported this year in the same area northeast of Houston. We've seen cases in Roman Forest, Splendora and now Liberty County.

Sirens are a startling sound, and one when most of us hear it, we just pull over.

"It's pretty bad, said Nathan Doyle, a driver who pulled over, too. "He had a pistol on his side, he was in all black.

Doyle never imagined the officer behind the wheel might be fake.

"He never said his name, never said where he was from, all he said was he was a deputy, Doyle said.

A man claiming to be a Liberty County Sheriff's Deputy pulled Doyle over around noon Saturday. The reason was speeding. Well, sort of. Doyle was just 3 miles over the limit on Highway 321 near FM 1008 in Dayton.

"It could be an abduction, it could be a murder, it could be a rape, it could be a robbery, said Captain Ken DeFoor, with the Liberty County Sheriffs Office.

Thank goodness for Doyle, it wasn't. The man posing as an officer let him go and he drove straight to the sheriff's office because something didn't feel quite right.

Doyle described the man as a white male in his 30s, approximately 6 feet tall. It's the third reported case in our area this year, and investigators are looking for a connection.

"Everybody almost now carries a gun and if some man decides this is not a legitimate stop, no telling what could happen, DeFoor said.

Next time, Doyle's not taking chances.

"Don't roll your window all the way down, until you are for sure it's a real cop or if youre not for sure call Liberty County or wherever you're at," Doyle said.

In two out of the three cases, the car is the same, an older white Ford Crown Victoria. Investigators are not ruling out that it could be the same person.

It's legal to have lights on your car, you just can't use them to pull someone over. If you ever have any question about who is stopping you, call 911. The dispatcher should be able to figure out if there's an actual patrol car in your area. As a rule, officers should be wearing a uniform and must be able to present a badge and credentials.

Anyone with information on these cases is urged to contact the Liberty County Sheriffs Office at (936) 336-4500 or the Splendora police at (281)-689-3448.

2017 KHOU-TV

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Officials warn about cop impersonator in Liberty County | khou.com - KHOU

How the Religious Liberty Executive Order Licenses Discrimination – Center For American Progress

This column contains a correction.

The Trump administrations draft religious liberty executive order, leaked in February, was explicit in its directives and sweeping in its implications. The order President Donald Trump signed in Maythe Presidential Executive Order Promoting Free Speech and Religious Libertyrather than formally codifying a view of religious liberty or instructing federal agencies on how to interpret the law, tasks the U.S. attorney generalcurrently Jeff Sessionswith advancing his interpretation of religious liberty through administrative guidance.* Sessions has already taken steps to oppose workplace protections against discrimination for lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) people. Now he will begin extending protections for those seeking a license to discriminate.

In recent remarks to the Alliance Defending Freedom, classified by the Southern Poverty Law Center as an anti-LGBT hate group in part for opposing LGBT rights and supporting a marriage equality ban, Attorney General Sessions suggested he will soon issue guidance dictating how agencies should interpret the Religious Freedom Restoration Act (RFRA), which was passed to protect people from being discriminated against on the basis of their religion. RFRA requires the government to provide a compelling reason to substantially burden religious exercise. Sessions will likely interpret the compelling reason requirement more strictly and the substantial burden requirement much more broadly, which would turn this protection against discrimination into an affirmative right to discriminate.

Closely held corporations can already dodge contraceptive coverage requirements under the Affordable Care Act (ACA) by citing religious beliefs thanks to the Supreme Courts Hobby Lobby ruling. If Sessions pushes an inverted interpretation of RFRA, no burden on religious belief would be too minor to exempt an organization from complying with federal law. Corporations and organizations receiving taxpayer dollars will get to pick and choose which federal regulations they will follow. If someone challenges Sessions interpretation and the U.S. Supreme Court affirms Sessions view, this executive order will have changed the law for a lifetime.

Section 4 of the executive order reads: to guide all agencies in complying with relevant Federal law, the Attorney General shall, as appropriate, issue guidance interpreting religious liberty protections in Federal law. Sessions focus on RFRA and protecting interests in religious freedom represents a continuation of a long-term push to pervert this legislation.

RFRA has been used as the foundation for some of the most aggressive efforts to expand the use of religious liberty to justify discrimination. Companies and organizations have used RFRA as a justification for everything from refusing to comply with a federal mandate to provide birth control to engaging in religious discrimination in hiring practices for taxpayer-funded jobs. In one instance, a district court even found that RFRA gave employers the right to discriminate against transgender employees.

Allowing Sessions to interpret the meaning of religious liberty ensures that the changes President Trump sought to make through the draft order will take place with less transparency and no accountability. Guidance can be issued quietly, without the same period of public notice and comment that regulations receive. And guidance alone can affect significant policy changes. In one remarkable instance, the Obama administration used guidance to aid school districts in ensuring transgender people had equal access to programs and facilities in educational environments. The Trump administration could not only erase guidance that helped implement equality but wreak havoc by issuing new guidance that allows people to discriminate on the basis of religion.

Because guidance can be issued across a wide range of policy areas and is nearly immune from public input, the attorney general will be able to fundamentally alter the concept of religious liberty by enacting far-reaching standards for who qualifies for religiousor moralexemptions to federal laws and regulations.

When it comes to agency-specific instructions, Sessions may begin at home, with the U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ). That agency enforces statutes such as the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), which could be stripped of meaning if DOJ guidance promoted an expanded interpretation of religious liberty.For example, religious entities are currently subject to the ADAs prohibition on discrimination in employment but exempt from other parts of the ADA. The guidance couldexpand what counts as a religious organizationmeaning that more organizations, such as church-affiliatedorganizations or evenbusinesses, could enjoy these exemptions.

Then theres the Office on Violence Against Women (OVW), created to implement the Violence Against Women Act (VAWA). That office administers 25 grant programs across the United States, making almost half a billion dollars in grants annually. VAWA now prohibits discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation and gender identity, but religious exemptions could allow OVW grantees to deny victims of domestic violence services or admission to a shelter on either basis.

Beyond damage Sessions could do to regulations and grants overseen by the DOJ, he could instruct the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) to grant far-reaching religious exemptions to the Affordable Care Act (ACA) Section 1557, interpreted by a 2016 rule to bar discrimination against LGBT people in health care. These exemptions would return health care access for LGBT people back to the time before the ACA, when 10 percent of lesbian, gay, and bisexual people and 25 percent of transgender people reported being refused medical care outright. Beyond outright refusal, many, such as Jakob Tiarnan Rumble, face other forms of discrimination. Rumble successfully sued under Section 1557 after being misgendered by hospital staff, forced to wait for hours, and having a doctor inappropriately handle his genitals until he was in pain. Even as of 2016, nearly 20 percent of LGBT people who reported facing discrimination in the last year said that they subsequently avoided going to the doctor. Religious exemptions would also put the well-being of LGBT runaway and homeless youth at risk. Prior to the creation of an LGBT-inclusive nondiscrimination policy at the HHS Office of Refugee Resettlement (ORR), an unaccompanied immigrant child housed at a shelter funded by ORR was expelled from school and prevented from attending programming at the shelter after he came out as gay.

The DOJ may also issue guidance with other agencies regarding the implementation of statutes for which the agencies have joint responsibility, as is the case with the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) and the Fair Housing Act (FHA) as it pertains to religious liberty. Under the Obama administration, the DOJ issued guidance clarifying how the FHA applies and to whom it applies to increase protections. But guidance could also be used to essentially neutralize current HUD regulations and permit federally funded shelters to refuse service to LGBT people.

Sessions will be able to determine not only the policies that affect outward-directed agency activities but agencies internal operations as well, from how departments set priorities to how federal employees are treated. To the latter point, Sessions could issue guidance resurrecting the language of the draft religious liberty executive order leaked in February, which suggested that federal employers should proactively protect employees acting on religious belief in the workplace. Presumably, such guidance could protect behavior such as refusing to use correct pronouns or proselytizing on anti-LGBT topics, regardless of the effects on co-workers and recipients of government services.

Sessions guidance could change peoples rights at the local levelboth in federal-local interactions and in setting policy for federal grantees operating at the local level. Federal grantees from health clinics to adoption agencies could be specifically licensed to discriminate. A woman seeking care after an assault, for example, could be denied emergency contraception and a same-sex couple could be rejected as foster parents. Although some people could travel or move to obtain services in some situations, many would simply lose access to critical services in addition to suffering dignitary harm.

Guidance issued by the attorney general could also make it possible to discriminate even in the most urgent circumstances. Following reports of discrimination after Hurricane Katrina, the DOJ, along with the Department of Homeland Security, HUD, HHS, and the Department of Transportation, issued guidance to eliminate biased practices in health care. Conversely, guidance could be used to effectively license discrimination on the basis of religious belief when it comes to the provision of services.

Depending on how Sessions interprets RFRA and what instructions he gives agencies about exemptions from following the law based on religious belief, he could expand the statutes application to corporations and businesses even further. Exempting private businesses and organizations that assert religious affiliations, as well as federal grantees, from complying with federal laws that impose costs, as with the leaked rule rolling back the contraceptive mandate, would give these organizations and businesses an unfair competitive advantage as well as resulting in thousands of people losing critical health coverageto name a few negative outcomes.

Far from an improvement over the February draft religious liberty executive order, the executive order that President Trump signed in May has given the administration cover for its attack on civil rights. Sessions can erode individual rights perhaps even more effectively than the president could have with a sweeping pronouncement by issuing targeted formal instructions to agencies.

Agency by agency, program by program, Sessions can erode fundamental protections for women and LGBT people, among others, and instate new religious exemptions allowing billions of taxpayer dollars to be used to discriminate. Moreover, Sessions has the power to issue guidance reaching well beyond federal agencies to any beneficiaries of federal funding and to the state and local levels.

Delegating guidance responsibility to Sessions is also a clever legal maneuver. Sessions work will be far harder to challenge and more taxing to undo, as each piece of guidance must either be challenged in court or be rescinded by a subsequent administration. In the meantime, hundreds of thousands of individuals, from single women to children awaiting adoption, will be under constant threat of losing their rights to live and work free of discrimination.

Rebecca Buckwalter-Poza is a fellow at the Center for American Progress. Sharita Gruberg is the associate director of the LGBT Research and Communications Projectat the Center.

* Correction, July 31, 2017: This column has been updated to reflect the fact that the Promoting Religious Liberty and Free Speech executive order was signed in May.

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How the Religious Liberty Executive Order Licenses Discrimination - Center For American Progress

Reason Magazine Feminazi Threatens Libertarian Youth Activist Over Harmless Joke – The Liberty Conservative


The Liberty Conservative
Reason Magazine Feminazi Threatens Libertarian Youth Activist Over Harmless Joke
The Liberty Conservative
Libertarians have typically been known as standing for freedom of expression, but that is going to change if Elizabeth Nolan Brown has her way. The sex-positive Reason contributor, who co-founded Feminists For Liberty with the vehemently anti ...

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Reason Magazine Feminazi Threatens Libertarian Youth Activist Over Harmless Joke - The Liberty Conservative

Why the Youth in the UK are Generally Left, and Why They Should Prefer Libertarianism – Being Libertarian


Being Libertarian
Why the Youth in the UK are Generally Left, and Why They Should Prefer Libertarianism
Being Libertarian
This article looks to examine the reasons why the left has such a clear advantage amongst younger people within society and why those same young people would be more suited towards a libertarian political viewpoint. Perhaps the main reason left-wing ...

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Why the Youth in the UK are Generally Left, and Why They Should Prefer Libertarianism - Being Libertarian

It’s finally ‘starting to feel like summer’ as Toronto Islands reopen – Toronto Star

Mayor John Tory said the city has forgiven some fees for flood-struck businesses and will aim to help make them thrive and be healthy by getting people to the islands. ( Fatima Syed ) Visitors disembark from the Centre Island ferry on July 31, 2017 after ferry service, halted due to flood damage to the islands, finally resumed. ( David rider / Toronto Star ) | Order this photo Ferryloads full of daytrippers, bikes and dogs crossed over to the Toronto Islands Monday after flooding kept much of the islands' offerings closed for the first half of the summer. ( Fatima Syed ) A lifeguard patrols an empty Centre Island beach on Monday behind sandbags that not long ahead held back Lake Ontario at historic levels. ( David Rider ) An excited but moderate-sized crowd visited Centre Island on its opening day after flooding forced it to stay closed for the first half of summer. ( Fatima Syed ) City staff estimate high-water costs of about $4.9 million until the end of July as a result of spring flooding. ( Fatima Syed ) By David RiderCity Hall Bureau Chief Fatima SyedStaff Reporter

Mon., July 31, 2017

The feeling of excitement was palpable across the packed ferry Monday to Centre Island. Tourists and locals were well-prepared with bikes, picnic baskets, dogs and selfie sticks at the ready.

Three little boys, visiting their grandparents from Scotland, were discussing their attempt to set a record for most forms of transportation ridden in one day. They took the streetcar to the Jack Layton Ferry terminal. Their plan was to rent a bike, maybe ride a horse or a pony. The only debate was whether or not the rides at Centreville Amusement Park counted as modes of transportation.

Their grandparents, Katie and David Coombs, are semiregular visitors to the islands, and sail over from their house in High Park once or twice a year.

Its exciting, said Katie. Its finally open.

Despite the flooding, the islands are pretty much how everyone remembers them.

As of Monday, Centreville and all beaches are open, though some parts of the beaches are fenced off.

The Centreville Train and Far Enough Farm are closed, and the pony ride isnt quite open yet. High lake levels means the bumper boats and swan rides remain closed. But the restaurants and most rides are open, including the antique carousel that is set to be sold and a new $2 million overhead chairlift.

Bill Beasley, president of Centreville operator Beasley Enterprises, said the closure due to flooding cost the business more than $8 million in sales and more than $1 million in profits, though he added that the losses followed two very good years.

Were definitely going to be here for another 10 years at least. Well get through it, he said.

According to Shawnda Walker, Centrevilles director of marketing, the barns and pens at the farm are flooded and rotting, and the animals have been moved. They will return next season after their home has been rebuilt.

More than half the students who couldnt start summer jobs at Centreville are getting to work, with another 100 hired at a recent job fair.

Hiba Malik, a park employee, said that its been hard for the last couple of months with nowhere to work. But shes sure the rest of summer will go well. Right now people are here for the barbecue and to check it out, said Malik. It will pick up over the next two to three days.

Walker is expecting the crowds to get bigger. I think people just thought it may be really busy today because its the first day, said Walker. We dont want big lineups today. We want a steady crowd, and thats what weve got.

Its a perfect sunny day, and thats our motto, said Walker, echoing the parks slogan, Its always sunny at Centreville.

On opening day, many picnic benches and swing sets sat empty, but, said one senior resident, its starting to feel like summer. While many rides sat idle, children were excited to return.

This is my last moment on Centre Island, said a 10-year old to his parents as he waited for the ferry to go back. Can we come back soon?

With files from David Rider

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It's finally 'starting to feel like summer' as Toronto Islands reopen - Toronto Star

Profits and memories lost as North Carolina islands rush to restore power – CBS News

Vehicles line up at the a gas station on Thu., July 27, 2017, on Ocracoke Island on North Carolina's Outer Banks, as visitors leave the island and residents fuel up.

AP

RALEIGH, N.C. -- Repair crews worked Monday to restore electricity to more than 70 miles of Outer Banks beaches where thousands of visitors were forced to leave last week after construction crews building a new bridge sliced through power lines.

About 50,000 visitors had to depart Hatteras and Ocracoke islands.

"This situation has hurt, so every day is important to the economy of this part of our state," Gov. Roy Cooper said Monday while visiting the repair site. "We're talking about hundreds of millions of dollars for our tourism on these islands every year."

Business owners were upset that the disaster was caused by human error, not Mother Nature.

"It's a hard pill to swallow that someone forgot where the power cable was," said Jason Wells, owner of Jason's Restaurant on Ocracoke Island. "How do you forget where the power cable is?"

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A man-made blackout is forcing tourists to evacuate one of the East Coast's most popular vacation spots at the height of the summer season. Thous...

Forced to abandon plans for her annual beach getaway to Ocracoke, Carla Atkinson and her daughter were taking their money elsewhere.

"When it was clear that we weren't going to make it to Ocracoke this week, we decided to head North. We're going to Virginia Beach where we have family," said Atkinson, a writer and editor in Raleigh.

She said the small, family-run vacation rental company she used promised to redeem her deposit. But since the power outage wasn't due to a natural disaster, many vacationers were being told they would lose their money. Cooper said he would speak to state Attorney General Josh Stein about whether there was anything that could be done for those visitors.

In the hopes of getting people back on the beaches in the next two weeks repair crews were churning ahead on two fronts to see which method would restore the power flow faster.

Some were excavating the damaged cables in order to splice them together, while other crews were installing an overhead transmission line for less than a mile from the Bonner Bridge to connect with existing lines.

Power companies also were working to find and install enough generators to let tourists back in the middle of vacation season.

About 5,000 residents on Hatteras Island, the 70-mile-long stretch that includes the Cape Hatteras lighthouse, were warned against using air conditioning that would share power being provided by a generator, Cape Hatteras Electric Cooperative spokeswoman Laura Ertle said.

Further south, Ocracoke Island's generators were providing enough power for that area's 1,000 or so residents to run any household conveniences, though there wasn't enough juice to accommodate visitors, Tideland Electric Membership Corp.'s Heidi Smith said.

Tideland EMC announced Saturday that "all circuits are energized" on Ocracoke Island via three emergency mobile generators that arrived on the island Thursday and Friday, CBS affiliate WNCN-TV reports.

2017 CBS Interactive Inc. All Rights Reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed. The Associated Press contributed to this report.

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Profits and memories lost as North Carolina islands rush to restore power - CBS News

Court Rejects Marshall Islands’ Suit Against US Over Nuclear Treaty – Honolulu Civil Beat

The dismissal of a lawsuit that sought to force the United States to comply with an international treaty on nuclear nonproliferation was upheld Monday by a federal court in San Francisco.

The lawsuit arose from decades-old U.S. nuclear weapons testing in the Marshall Islands.

The U.S. 9th Circuit Court of Appealsupheld a lower courts 2015 dismissal of a legal challenge from a group called Nuclear Zero, brought by the Republic of the Marshall Islands.

The suit did not seek money, but asked that the U.S. be found in breach of treaty obligations under international law and the 1970 Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons.

Nerje Joseph, seen here on Majuro in the Marshall Islands in 2014, holds a photograph of herself as a young girl, taken in 1954 when radioactive ash from a Bikini Atoll nuclear test fell on her home atoll of Rongelap.

Chad Blair/Civil Beat

According to the 9th Circuits panel opinion, the treatys Article VI is non self-executing and so not judicially enforceable when it comes to claims.

The panel also determined that the claims presented in the lawsuit were inextricable political questions that were nonjusticiable and must be dismissed.

Republic of the Marshall Islands vs. United States was argued before the appellate court in March. It named President Donald Trump, two Cabinet officials and the National Nuclear Security Administration as defendants.

The Marshall Islands sued the U.S. government in U.S. District Court in 2014. The genesis for the lawsuit, as the 9th Circuit panel explained, was the grim legacy of the detonation of 67 nuclear weapons in the 1940s and 1950s.

As Civil Beat wrote in its series,The Micronesians, the testing was physically and emotionaly destructive for the Marshall Islands andwas the beginning of what would become decades of out-migration for the Marshallese.

Payments to impacted Marshallese, mostly for personal injuries and property damage, eventually totaled $270 million. But a 2012 United Nations report recommended that the U.S. pay $2.3 billion in compensation for the nuclear testing, a view rejected in U.S. courts.

The Bikini Atoll nuclear test, Castle Bravo. The lawsuit rejected by a federal court Monday asked that the U.S. comply with an international treaty on nuclear nonproliferation.

Wikimedia Commons

The Marshall Islands did not seek compensation but rather declaratory and injunctive relief requiring the United States to comply with its commitments under the (Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons) and international law.

A press release Monday from the nonprofit, nonpartisan Nuclear Age Peace Foundation, included a statement from Laurie Ashton, the lead attorney representing the Marshall Islands.

Todays decision is very disappointing, she said. But it is also more than that, because it undercuts the validity of the (treaty).There has never been a more critical time to enforce the legal obligations to negotiate in good faith for nuclear disarmament.

Ashton said the courtfailed to acknowledge the pleading of the (Republic of the Marshall Islands), supported by the declarations of experts, that such negotiations have never taken place. At issue was whether Article VI requires the U.S. to at leastattend such negotiations, or whether it may continue to boycott them, as it did with the Nuclear Ban Treaty negotiations. To that we have no answer.

Rick Wayman, director of programs for the Nuclear Age Peace Foundation and a consultant to the Republic of the Marshall Islands in its lawsuit, stated in the press release:

Together with willing non-nuclear countries and non-governmental organizations around the world, we will continue to work until the scourge of nuclear weapons is eliminated from the earth.

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Court Rejects Marshall Islands' Suit Against US Over Nuclear Treaty - Honolulu Civil Beat

Bridges linking 3 islands a go, says Neda exec – Inquirer.net

ILOILO CITY The Duterte administration would surely implement a project to connect three Visayan islands Panay, Negros and Guimaras through a bridge network estimated to cost at least P27 billion, according to the National Economic and Development Authority (Neda).

The bridge network was among three major projects for implementation in Western Visayas, which would cost a total of P77 billion, according to Ro-Ann Bacal, Neda Western Visayas director.

The other projects include the improvement of Iloilo International Airport (estimated cost at P30 billion) and Panay River Basin Integrated Development (estimated cost at P19 billion).

The detailed engineering study of the bridge project is expected to be completed within the year.

This will definitely push through, Bacal told the Inquirer.

China and Japan expressed interest in funding the project through the official development assistance.

Funding details would be determined by the Department of Finance, according to Bacal.

P28 billion for 13.2 km

Proposals to connect the three island through a bridge network have been pushed since the administration of former President and now Pampanga Rep. Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo.

In a study by the Department of Public Works and Highways in 2010, the cost of the project was estimated to reach P28 billion covering 13.2 km.

This included 3.6 km for Panay-Guimaras Bridge worth P9.4 billion and a 9.56-km bridge to connect Guimaras and Negros, costing P19 billion.

Improve islands economy

The bridge network is expected to improve the economy of the three islands through faster and more efficient transport of people and goods.

Among the improvements at Iloilo International Airport in Cabatuan town were rehabilitation of its terminal building and baggage carousel.

The Panay River Basin Integrated Development Project in Capiz province involved the construction of a multipurpose dam designed to stop perennial flooding and generate more electricity.

Bacal said road projects were also in the pipeline.

The Duterte administration has launched an ambitious Build, Build, Build infrastructure program to spur economic development but concerns were raised that this would push the country deeper in debt.

But Budget Secretary Benjamin Diokno said the concerns were unwarranted.

Economic conditions have changed for the better and we have learned from the mistakes of the past, Diokno said in a previous report.

He said prevailing economic conditions were different from that which had led to the economic crisis that gripped the country during the Marcos dictatorship.

We will finance the bold infrastructure program through a combination of taxes, nontax revenues, borrowingsboth external and domestic, Diokno said.

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Bridges linking 3 islands a go, says Neda exec - Inquirer.net

Cayman Islands No Longer on Zika Travel Advisory List – Travel Agent

In what is hopefully a sign of things to come for all Caribbean islands that once reported Zika cases, the U.S-based Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)recently announced that the Cayman Islands has been removed from it Zika-related advisory list.

The jurisdiction was placed on the CDClist last year when Grand Cayman reported local transmission of the virus.

There have been no locally transmitted cases of Zika this year and just one imported case in early February.

The Cayman Islands Public Health Department has been lobbying to be removed from the list for the last several months and it was officiallyconfirmed on Friday, July 28that this had been done.

Although it remains on the CDC's advisory list, Puerto Rico also recently shared some positive Zika news. Several media outlets reported back in Junethat health officials inPuerto Ricohave declared the destinations battle with the mosquito-bornZikavirus to be over.

According to theWashington Post, the health ministry said that only 10 cases of the mosquito-borne virus have been reported in each four-week period since April, compared with more than 8,000 cases reported in a four-week period at the height of the outbreak last August.ThePuerto Rico Department of Healthhas reported only 38 cases of Zika-related birth defects, according toCNN.

While there are very low levels of mosquito-borne Zika transmission now, it is important that we remain vigilant to keep these numbers down and support families already affected by Zika,"State Epidemiologist Dr. Carmen Desedasaid in a recent news release.

Caribbean Islands that remain on the travel advisory list, according to the CDC's website, are Anguilla;Antigua and Barbuda; Aruba; the Bahamas; Barbados; Bonaire; the British Virgin Islands; Cuba; Curacao; Dominica; the Dominican Republic; Grenada; Jamaica; Montserrat; Puerto Rico;Saba; St.Kitts and Nevis; St. Lucia; St. Martin; St. Vincent and the Grenadines; St. Eustatius; St. Maarten; Trinidad and Tobago; Turks and Caicos and the U.S. Virgin Islands.Also, under its Other Areas with Zika Risk section, the CDC also lists Haiti.

Visit http://www.caymanislands.ky and keep visitingwww.travelagentcentral.comfor all your latest travel news. Be sure to followTravel AgentsJoe PikeonTwitter@TravelPikeandInstagram@pike5260.

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A sea tour of the Southern Gulf Islands for $13.05 – Times Colonist (blog)

For not that much money, its possible to have a multi-hour meander by sea around the Southern Gulf Islands, enjoying the ocean breezes, drinking in the amazing views, and maybe spotting the occasional orca.

You can do this by going on a circle tour aboard one of B.C. Ferries Gulf Islands sailings.

I did it with a friend on a recent Saturday, paying $13.05* for a return foot passenger ticket (discounted because of a fuel rebate). We boarded the 2:40 p.m. sailing of Queen of Cumberland at Swartz Bay. It sailed to Pender Island, about 45 minutes away, then 25 minutes to Mayne Island, and about an hour back to Swartz Bay. A few other people did the same thing.

(Another option that afternoon was the 2:50 p.m. sailing of the Mayne Queen, which goes to Galiano and Saturna, and gets back to Swartz Bay around 6:25 p.m.)

We boarded with insulated bags filled with snacks cherries, apples, oranges, nuts, chocolate bars, doughnuts, cookies and bottles of tap water. We ate about half of what we took, so well adjust for our next trip. Prepackaged food, such as sandwiches and salads, are sold on board. I knew from a previous trip that they werent appealing to me, so we brought provisions.

It was a beautiful, sunny, low-wind day, which allowed us to spend most of the trip on the outside deck picnicking, admiring the scenery, catching up on our lives, waving to people on boats, watching the loading and unloading (all sorts of stuff gets transported via these ferries), and chatting with strangers.

Ive done the trip solo and in the company of others, and its been terrific every time. Just pick a day with calm seas and sunny weather.

Check the B.C. Ferries schedule for a convenient Southern Gulf Islands sailing.

Two vessels typically sail from Swartz Bay to the Gulf Islands Queen of Cumberland and Mayne Queen. Queen of Cumberland is newer, bigger and has more facilities. You can check on which vessel is sailing at what time by clicking here.

B.C. Ferries has identified two trips in particular for people who want to go touring: a Monday through Friday sailing with a scheduled 9:10 a.m. departure that gets back at 12:48 p.m., with stops at Saturna, Mayne and Pender. Theres also a 10 a.m. trip on Sundays, returning at 1:34 p.m.; it goes to Mayne, Saturna and Pender.

These trips, at around 3.5 hours, are better value for your $13.05, versus the 2.5 hours for our Saturday trip.

The parking lot at Swartz Bay can get full on weekends and holidays. It was almost full when we went, and there was a brief moment when we thought we might miss the sailing for lack of parking, but then a spot turned up. (We paid $6 for six hours of parking, the minimum on offer in long-term parking.) You can avoid the parking anxiety by riding B.C. Transit to the ferry terminal, probably on Route 70 or 72.

Do the trip when you have loads of time. The schedules are a little loose. On one of my trips, we left about 15 minutes late and returned nearly an hour late because of delays at each stop. But I didnt care.

(*I know that some regular ferry riders feel that $13.05 is too much for a Gulf Islands ferry ticket. It adds up when you need to ride the ferries a lot.)

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A sea tour of the Southern Gulf Islands for $13.05 - Times Colonist (blog)

Rare whole genome duplication during spider evolution could … – Phys.Org

July 31, 2017 Credit: CC0 Public Domain

In collaboration with scientists from the U.K., Europe, Japan and the United States, researchers at the Human Genome Sequencing Center at Baylor College of Medicine have discovered a whole genome duplication during the evolution of spiders and scorpions. The study appears in BMC Biology.

Researchers have long been studying spiders and scorpions for both applied reasons, such as studying venom components for pharmaceuticals and silks for materials science, and for basic questions such as the reasons for the evolution and to understand the development and ecological success of this diverse group of carnivorous organisms.

As part of a pilot project for the i5K, a project to study the genomes of 5,000 arthropod species, the Human Genome Sequencing Center analyzed the genome of the house spider Parasteatoda tepidariorum a model species studied in laboratories and the Arizona bark scorpion Centruroides sculpturatus, the most venomous scorpion in North America.

Analysis of these genomes revealed that spiders and scorpions evolved from a shared ancestor more than 400 million years ago, which made new copies of all of the genes in its genome, a process called whole genome duplication. Such an event is one of the largest evolutionary changes that can happen to a genome and is relatively rare during animal evolution.

Dr. Stephen Richards, associate professor in the Human Genome Sequencing Center, who led the genome sequencing at Baylor, said, "It is tremendously exciting to see rapid progress in our molecular understanding of a species that we coexist with on planet earth. Spider genome analysis is particularly tricky, and we believe this is one of the highest quality spider genomes to date."

Similarly, there also have been two whole genome duplications at the origin of vertebrates, fuelling long-standing debate as to whether the duplicated genes enabled new biological complexity in the evolution of the vertebrate lineage leading to mammals. The new finding of a whole genome duplication in spiders and scorpions therefore provides a valuable comparison to the events in vertebrates and could help reveal genes and processes that have been important to our own evolution.

"While most of the new genetic material generated by whole genome duplication is subsequently lost, some of the new gene copies can evolve new functions and may contribute to the diversification of shape, size, physiology and behavior of animals," said Dr. Alistair McGregor, professor of evolutionary developmental biology at Oxford Brookes University and lead author of the research. "Comparing the whole genome duplication in spiders and scorpions with the independent events in vertebrates reveals a striking similarity. In both cases, duplicated clusters of Hox genes have been retained. These are very important genes that regulate development of body structures in all animals, and therefore can cause evolutionary changes in animal body plans."

The study also found that the copies of spider Hox genes show differences in when and where they are expressed, suggesting they have evolved new functions.

McGregor explains that these changes may help clarify the evolutionary innovations in spiders and scorpions including specialized limbs and how they breathe, as well as the production of different types of venom and silk, which spiders use to capture and kill their prey.

"Many people fear spiders and scorpions, but this research shows what a beautiful part of the evolutionary tree they represent," said Dr. Richard Gibbs, director of the Human Genome Sequencing Center and the Wofford Cain Chair and professor of molecular and human genetics at Baylor.

"Costs have now dropped rapidly enough from tens of millions of dollars to merely a few thousand dollars for this genomic analyses to now be performed on any species," Richards said. "There is still so much more to learn about the life on earth around us, and I believe this result is just the beginning of understanding the molecular make up of spiders."

Explore further: Flowers' genome duplication contributes to their spectacular diversity

More information: Evelyn E. Schwager et al. The house spider genome reveals an ancient whole-genome duplication during arachnid evolution, BMC Biology (2017). DOI: 10.1186/s12915-017-0399-x

Scientists at the University of Bristol have shed new light on the evolution of flowers in research published today in the Royal Society journal Proceedings of the Royal Society B.

New biological information gleaned from the red vizcacha rat, a native species of Argentina, demonstrates how genomes can rapidly change in size.

According to the '2R hypothesis', the evolution of modern vertebrates was propelled forward in part by two events in our early ancestry in which the entire genome was duplicated. These events, known as 1R and 2R, yielded ...

Spider silks, the stuff of spider webs, are a materials engineer's dream: they can be stronger than steel at a mere fraction of weight, and also can be tougher and more flexible. Spider silks also tend not to provoke the ...

Sequencing and comparative analysis of the genome of the Western Orchard predatory mite has revealed intriguingly-extreme genomic evolutionary dynamics through an international research effort co-led by scientists from the ...

For decades, the story of spider evolution went like this: As insects became more and more diverse, with some species taking to the skies, spiders evolved new hunting strategies, including the ability to weave orb-shaped ...

Evolution doesn't have to take millions of years. New research shows that a type of lizard living on man-made islands in Brazil has developed a larger head than its mainland cousins in a period of only 15 years.

Noise from motorboats changes the behaviour of cleaner fish and the species they help.

Honey bees that consistently fail to respond to obvious social cues share something fundamental with autistic humans, researchers report in a new study. Genes most closely associated with autism spectrum disorders in humans ...

The announcement by researchers in Portland, Oregon that they've successfully modified the genetic material of a human embryo took some people by surprise.

A new technique developed by scientists at the New York Genome Center (NYGC) represents an important step forward for single-cell RNA sequencing, an advancing field of genomics that provides detailed insights into individual ...

Throughout nature, moms engage in a trade-off: Churn out a bevy of offspring and hope for the best, or have fewer kids but invest more in their survival. Trinidadian guppies provide a model example of this pervasive parenting ...

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Brain development linked to stimulation of genetic variations – Medical Xpress

July 31, 2017 Credit: Wikimedia Commons

Scientists in the UK and India have discovered more evidence that positive stimuli in early childhood can benefit the infant brain.

A comparative study of genetic variations between two parts of the brain found evidence for progressive variations in the brain's genome benefitting physiological development.

And they believe such variations may be linked to the level of brain activity determined by so-called 'nurture' factors, which are environmental rather than hereditary.

"The implication is that early life positive experiences can stimulate cognitive activities and will favour such 'beneficial' variations, whereas, negative experiences or lack of cognitive stimulation can reduce the genomic diversity resulting in limiting brain capacity," said Dr Arijit Mukhopadhyay, a researcher in human genetics and genomics at the University of Salford.

It is one of the first studies to show the effect of brain activity on genomic changes, and is published in F1000 Research, Dr Mukhopadhyay and colleagues from CSIR-Institute of Genomics & Integrative Biology, Delhi.

Dr Mukhopadhyay explains: "It is generally assumed that as we inherit our genetic blueprint (DNA) from our parents, we also inherit the genetic variations alongside. While this is largely true, this research along with other reports in the recent literature shows that some variations termed de novo somatic variations - occur as a normal process and are added to diversify our genetic repertoire.

The team collected two different parts of the human brain, frontal cortex and corpus callosum from multiple individuals, post-mortem, from the Brain Bank, (the individuals died due to road accidents without any known disease.)

The researchers extracted DNA from the tissue and performed state-of-the-art genomic sequencing to identify genetic variations between the two. The study found a higher number of possibly 'beneficial' variations in the cortex compared to the corpus callosum of the same individuals.

Dr Mukhopadhyay said: "This finding is an important step in our understanding of early brain development and of how local genetic variations can occur and shape our physiology.

"It is likely that genetic variations beyond those we inherit are important for our ability to adapt and evolve locally for specific organs and tissues.

"We believe our results indicate that such physiology driven genetic changes have a positive influence on the development of the neuronal connectivity early in life."

Explore further: Lack of 'editing' in brain molecules potential driver of cancer

More information: Anchal Sharma et al. Human brain harbors single nucleotide somatic variations in functionally relevant genes possibly mediated by oxidative stress, F1000Research (2016). DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.9495.1

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The Era of Human Gene Editing Is HereWhat Happens Next Is Critical – Singularity Hub

Scientists in Portland, Ore., just succeeded in creating the first genetically modified human embryo in the United States, according toTechnology Review. Ateam led by Shoukhrat Mitalipov ofOregon Health & Science Universityis reported to have broken new ground both in the number of embryos experimented upon and by demonstrating that it is possible to safely and efficiently correct defective genes that cause inherited diseases.

The U.S. teamsresults follow two trialsone last year and one in Aprilby researchers in Chinawho injected genetically modified cells into cancer patients.Theresearch teamsused CRISPR, a new gene-editing system derived from bacteria thatenables scientists to editthe DNA of living organisms.

The era of human gene editing has begun.

In the short term, scientists are planning clinical trials to use CRISPR to edit human genes linked to cystic fibrosis and other fatal hereditary conditions. But supporters of synthetic biology talk up huge potential long-term benefits. We could, they claim, potentially edit genes and build new ones to eradicate all hereditary diseases. With genetic alterations, we might be able to withstand anthrax attacks or epidemics of pneumonic plague. We might revive extinct species such as the woolly mammoth. We might design plants that are far more nutritious, hardy, and delicious than what we have now.

But developments in gene editing are alsohighlighting a desperate need for ethical and legal guidelines to regulate in vitro genetic editingand raising concerns about a future in which the well-off couldpay for CRISPR to perfect their offspring. We will soon be faced with very difficult decisions aboutwhen and how to use this breakthrough medical technology.For example, if your unborn child were going to have a debilitating disease that you could fix by taking a pill to edit theirgenome, would you take the pill? How about adding some bonusintelligence? Greater height or strength? Where would you draw the line?

CRISPRs potential for misuse by changinginherited human traits has prompted some genetic researchersto call fora global moratoriumon usingthe techniqueto modify human embryos. Such use is a criminal offense in 29 countries, and the United States bans the use of federal funds to modify embryos.

Still, CRISPRs seductiveness is beginning to overtake the calls forcaution.

In February, an advisory body fromthe National Academy of Sciences announcedthe academys support for usingCRISPR to edit the genes of embryos to remove DNA sequences that doctors saycause serious heritable diseases. The recommendation came with significant caveats and suggested limiting the use of CRISPR to specific embryonic problems. That said, the recommendation is clearly an endorsement of CRISPR as a research tool that is likely to become a clinical treatmenta step from which therewill be no turning back.

CRISPRs combination of usability, low cost, and power is both tantalizing and frightening, with the potential tosomeday enableanyone to edit a living creature on the cheap in their basements. So, although scientists might use CRISPR to eradicate malaria by making the mosquitoes that carry it infertile, bioterrorists could use it to create horrific pathogens that could kill tens of millions of people.

With the source code of life now so easy to hack, and biologists and the medical world ready to embrace its possibilities, how do we ensure the responsible use of CRISPR?

Theres a line that A Prairie Home Companion host Garrison Keillor uses whendescribing the fictional town of Lake Wobegon, whereall the children are above average. Will we enter a time when those who can afford a better genome will live far longer, healthier lives than those who cannot? Should the U.S. government subsidize genetic improvements to ensure a level playing field when the rich have access to the best genetics that money can buy and the rest of society does not? And what if CRISPR introduces traits into the human germ line with unforeseen consequencesperhaps higher rates of cardiac arrest or schizophrenia?

Barriers to mass use of CRISPR are already falling.Dog breeders looking to improve breedssuffering from debilitating maladies are actively pursuing gene hacking. A former NASA fellow in synthetic biology now sells functional bacterial engineering CRISPR kits for $150 from his online store. Its not hard to imagine a future in which the big drugstore chains carry CRISPR kits for home testing and genetic engineering.

The release ofgenetically modified organismsinto the wildin the past few years has raised considerable ethical and scientific questions. The potential consequences of releasing genetically crippled mosquitoes in the southern United States to reduce transmission of tropical viruses, for instance, drew a firestorm of concern over the effects on humans and the environment.

So, while the prospect of altering the genes of peoplemodern-day eugenicshas caused a schism in the science community, research with precisely that aim is happening all over the world.

We have arrived at a Rubicon. Humans are on the verge of finally being able to modify their own evolution. The question is whether they can use this newfound superpower in a responsible way that will benefit theplanet and its people. And a decision so momentous cannot be left to the doctors, the experts, orthe bureaucrats.

Failing to figure out how to ensure that everyonewill benefit from this breakthroughrisks the creation of a genetic underclasswho must struggle to compete with the genetically modified offspring of the rich. Andfailing to monitor and contain how we use itmay spell global catastrophe. Its up to us collectively to get this right.

This article was originally published byThe Washington Post. Read theoriginal article.

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The Era of Human Gene Editing Is HereWhat Happens Next Is Critical - Singularity Hub

Sophie Aroesty – Tablet Magazine

Just when you thought you knew the whole action-packed thriller about the Jews meandering through the desert for forty years, we get a sequel: Return of The Canaanites is coming to a scientific journal near you. The Torah tells us that the enemies of ancient Israelites were destroyed by God, but they may have survived after all. And theyre apparently living in Lebanon.

The American Journal of Human Genetics recently published a study sequencing genomes from ancient Canaanites and modern day Lebanese, finding a direct link. The similarity between the sequences has them believe that Canaanites are their direct ancestors.

The scientists sequenced the DNA of five, almost 4,000 year-old Canaanites from the city now known as Sidon in Lebanon. They also sequenced the genomes of 99 present-day Lebanese. The similarity between the sequences suggests that there has been substantial genetic continuity in the region since at least the Bronze Agea conclusion that agrees with the archaeological record, reports Science Daily.

We found that the Canaanites were a mixture of local people who settled in farming villages during the Neolithic period and eastern migrants who arrived in the region about 5,000 years ago, said Marc Haber of The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute in the United Kingdom. The present-day Lebanese are likely to be direct descendants of the Canaanites, but they have in addition a small proportion of Eurasian ancestry that may have arrived via conquests by distant populations such as the Assyrians, Persians, or Macedonians.

Robert Alter, a scholar, critic, and translator of biblical texts, had already floated a theory that dealt with this emerging discrepancy between Jewish texts and science. He believed that the line in Chukat that says the Canaanites were destroyed shouldnt be taken literally. Rather, the ethnic group was destroyed as a threat because they assimilated. He points to evidence that suggests the Canaanites lived on, such as a leader of the Israelites known as Gideon in the Book of Judges. He had previously been referred to as Jerubaal, which is clearly Canaanite. He thinks that the text invents an etymology for his name to minimize the actual scandalous backstory of the Jewish hero.

Of course, not every Canaanite was a Jewish hero. In parshat Shalach in the book of Exodus, the Canaanites are painted as terrifying giants. Moses sent twelve spies to check out the land promised to the Israelites by God and the people taking up residence there. The spies reported back that the land is flowing with milk and honey, but that theres no way their small numbers can take down these gargantuans. For their faithlessness, God punished the Israelites, making them wander in the desert for 40 years. And this punishment is fittingly one of the reasons we fast on Tisha Bav.

We didnt need a trailer for this sequel to know that the warring between these descendants of Canaanites and the Jewish people has gone on and on and on. Weve seen everything from literal wars to metaphorical wars over movies. So if you dig the whole Israelites-vs.-Canaanites saga, dont worry: This franchise isnt ending any time soon.

Sophie Aroesty is an editorial intern at Tablet.

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Gene editing star Jennifer Doudna calls for public debate on field’s benefits and risks – The San Diego Union-Tribune

After Jennifer Doudna and other scientists improved the technology known as CRISPR to edit human genomes, a long-awaited, and sometimes feared, milestone arrived.

For the first time in human existence, it became practical to change genes throughout the entire human genome with high precision and accuracy. And today, a decade after the introduction of CRISPR, its newly apparent that such manipulations have been made to human embryos a feat achieved by scientists at the Salk Institute in La Jolla and elsewhere.

Tinkering with genetics, a system that has been produced through billions of years of evolution, takes humanity into unknown territory. This powerful technology can be used for many purposes, not just stopping disease. Alterations in an embryos edited genome would be passed along to generations of descendants for good or ill.

Doudna, a UC Berkeley molecular biologist, said during a visit to San Diego this week that society needs to catch up to this potentially world-transforming field of science. She has co-authored a book, A Crack in Creation, on the benefits, perils and ethics of what scientists call germline editing.

The question will be as the technology comes to fruition ... should we use it in (this or) that fashion? Doudna said in a Monday interview at the American Association for Clinical Chemistrys scientific meeting in San Diego.

Its a question that has many facets to it, she said. Who decides who gets access, who pays for it and under what circumstances should that type of editing be done? These are important questions because the technology is already at the point where its possible to do this.

Her points were underscored by reports last week of a germline-editing study performed by a team in the United States (including the Salk researchers), China and Korea. The report showed that CRISPR could be used to repair a genetic defect in single-celled human embryos. The embryos were not allowed to develop beyond a few days.

This project received private funding, allowing it to sidestep government restrictions on such genetic editing.

The study was leaked to a British reporter and hasnt been published yet.

Doudna said she wasnt cognizant of the ethical issues when she and collaborator Emmanuelle Charpentier began exploring CRISPR.

Beyond the call for society to grapple with the ramifications of germline editing, Doudna said, its difficult to get more specific, except to exercise general caution.

In many cases, genetic defects dont even need to be repaired if multiple embryos are being generated, she said. These embryos could simply be screened for genetic defects, and a healthy embryo would be chosen.

In my opinion, we still need to respect the recommendations in the (National Academy of Sciences) report published in February that recommended refraining from clinical use of human germline editing until and unless theres broad societal consensus about the value, Doudna said.

The report available at j.mp/nasgene doesnt actually spell out how the technology should be used; it merely suggests a method for making decisions, Doudna said.

The challenge is how to actually implement discussions that might lead to a broad societal consensus. The debate is still out on how we might proceed.

International scientific organizations, leading research and medical groups in the United States, the Trump administration and others have neither taken the lead nor been able to unify the wide spectrum of parties to arrive at a joint set of standards.

Amid the political, ethical and cultural questions, Doudna emphasized that CRISPR also might transform human suffering by treating or even eradicating various diseases. The method can do so by altering the genome of non-reproductive cells, and these changes wouldnt get transferred to the next generation.

It's important to for people to appreciate that this is a powerful technology that has the potential to do a lot of good, to solve real-world problems not only in clinical medicine but also in agriculture and synthetic biology, Doudna said.

Untold millions of years ago, Mother Nature invented genetic editing.

Bacteria use CRISPR short for Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats to fight viral infections.

The system contains an RNA sequence that can locate a complementary DNA sequence, along with an enzyme called Cas that acts as molecular scissors to cut up the DNA. The RNA matches sequences from previous infections, which the bacteria capture and incorporate into the CRISPR system.

Humans entered the picture when they realized that the RNA sequence could be swapped out with other sequences specifying various DNA segments of interest. This approach could be used to chop up a defective sequence.

Doudna said her lab is exploring genetic editing to treat diseases of the brain. This endeavor is strictly in the research stage, and much more testing will be needed before it can be considered for testing in people.

I think were still years away from having a clinical application, especially for things like Huntingtons disease, Doudna said.

In the end, she said, its important for the public to understand that all the good CRISPR might produce has emerged from basic research.

It really came about from fundamental science that was going on in international collaboration, that led to an understanding of a system that could be harnessed as a tool for gene editing, Doudna said. The value of fundamental research is really underscored when you look at what can happen when scientists are allowed to do creative work that is not applied in a particular direction.

bradley.fikes@sduniontribune.com

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Gene editing star Jennifer Doudna calls for public debate on field's benefits and risks - The San Diego Union-Tribune

Could Science Challenge Our Human Right to be Ourselves? – Lady Freethinker

What is normal? It is probably impossible for us to define what is a normal, healthy, human being. Humans naturally vary and we naturally group, but who is to say that the largest group, whatever that may be, is defined as normal?

Recently, New Scientist magazine published an ethics issue, and two of these ethical questions for 21st century science revolved around human normality. The first looked at pre-embryo genetic modifications and the second about drug-induced normality. Both of these raise profound moral issues and not least the boundary between needing intervention and just being different; our very basic human right to be ourselves.

There is a growing belief that the allowing of a 3-parent baby in the UK will be the beginning point for genetic modification. However, selection has been with us since the beginning of existence, and indeed, selection based on religion, race, ethnicity, appearance, and gender do happen even though the latter is supposed to be illegal in most countries.

Where science is changing things is pre-natal screenings, such as those designed to find downs syndrome or other severe genetic issues. There is a moral question here as to whether its the human right of a downs baby to live. Yet science is going deeper than that. CRISPR is a genome-editing method which is being touted as a means of fixing certain genetic issues and some of these are natural paraplegia, blindness, and deafness.

Few could argue against there, but a moral framework is going to have to be developed. Kiruna Stamell is worried that dwarfism might make the list of changeable genetics. Then my husband pointed out that families especially in America are desperate to get rid of autism (he is on the spectrum), and a gay friend of mine pointed me to an article in Scientific American which examines changes to the Xq28 region of the X chromosome, which might indicate homosexuality in men.

Take those three things and there is potential for prenatal modification of perfectly healthy babies to suit a version of the parents idea of normality.

For those who have been born the way they are or who have had their brain functions altered in some way, be it environmental or due to trauma, should they be re-programmed chemically? Again, this has been around for quite a while. There has been outrage regarding attempts to shock or drug homosexuals into being straight, but the same was also done to those on the autism spectrum who were treated as insane.

Psychoactive drugs have been around for a long time just ask an anthropologist or archeologist about shamanic rituals. However, more recently its become an essential part of American treatment programs for mental health issues. This has lately seeped into means of improving brain function via drugs known as nootropics. They are most commonly found in the treatment of ADHD, but also as one of many ways to improve brain function while studying.

New Scientist posited that drugs could be used to make people more empathetic, improve moral reasoning, increase concentration, remove depression and manipulate thought patterns. The first of these is exceptionally morally dubious because in the case of people on the autism spectrum its been proven that just because neurotypicals do not see empathy in people on the spectrum does not mean its not there quite the opposite.

In short, society is going to have to start defining what is moral and what is not with technology and pharmacology. If we do not, the progress made so far in trying to find acceptance for difference will be reversed and then some. We are going to have to accurately define what it is to be human and find global acceptance for it.

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Could Science Challenge Our Human Right to be Ourselves? - Lady Freethinker

Health Care: President Trump’s Triple Threat – NBCNews.com

Senate Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs Committee Chairman Ron Johnson speaks on Capitol Hill in 2016. Shawn Thew / EPA file

"Its something the president should do," Robert Moffit, a senior fellow at the Heritage Foundation who has tracked the issue, told NBC News. "Beyond the separation of powers question...they shouldnt be getting special advantages at the expense of the taxpayer."

Since members make too much money to qualify for Obamacare subsidies, theyd have to pay the full cost of the premiums, which would be a major increase.

Congress could pass legislation to grant themselves their current benefits, but theyd face taunts from Trump and other critics accusing them of voting to enrich themselves. Theres a reason they havent resolved the issue up to this point.

But its possible the move could come off as unnecessarily cruel. After all, it wouldnt just be elected officials with six-figure incomes who would be affected.

"While people are maybe not sympathetic to members of Congress, more would be sympathetic to the staff and it would be a far, far bigger deal for the staff," Len Nichols, Director of the Center for Health Policy Research and Ethics at George Mason University, told NBC news.

It could also backfire if Congressional Republicans resent the move and become less cooperative. Senators, in particular, have proven increasingly willing to buck the president and he cant afford to lose more support and follow through on his agenda.

Trump has said Congress should not vote on any other legislation until lawmakers pass health care.

This one is harder to pull off. The legislative branch sets its own rules, follows its own schedule, and its members can get prickly if they believe the executive branch is muscling in on its territory.

"He and his team have to understand that Congress is a co-equal branch of government," said Jim Manley, a former top aide to Senator Harry Reid. "They dont respond well to threats from any president of either party."

Trump couldn't stop Congress from voting on legislation. If he really wanted to, though, he could veto all bills until members caved.

He would be picking an especially dangerous time to issue a blanket veto threat. Over the next few weeks, Congress needs to pass legislation to fund the government or there will be a shutdown. It also needs to raise the debt limit or it risks setting off a financial crisis. Neither scenario would be a good look for the party with unified control of government.

Trump also cant keep up a blockade indefinitely without threatening the next item on his agenda: Taxes. The House and Senate are using this years budget reconciliation process to try and pass health care. But the fiscal year ends September 30, and once Congress passes a new budget, the legislation will expire. The new reconciliation bill is supposed to be the vehicle for tax reform, which promises to be a difficult fight as well.

For their part, members of Congress dont sound too intimidated so far.

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