Smiles, laughter and life lessons at the fair | MSU Extension – Michigan State University Extension

Smiles, laughter and life lessons at the fair Appreciate the adults and the roles they fill at fair.

Posted on August 4, 2017 by Jennifer Weichel, Michigan State University Extension

MSU Extension educator Katie Ockert and youth exhibitor Kassidy at the Berrien County Fair. Photo by Sheila Smith, MSU Extension.

Fair is an event that requires effort on the part of countless parents, volunteers and leaders, but yields great rewards for those who can appreciate the smiles, laughter and life lessons it offers our young people. In The magic of fair, I talked about what I see when I observe youth exhibitors at fairs and the magic I feel the moment I step onto a fairgrounds. The magic is real because it is my heart and soul as a 4-H alumni, parent, volunteer and staff member. I invite you to take a moment and consider the following when you visit the next fair and look into the eyes of the adults who surround the exhibitors.

Adults serve in some important roles and these are just a few of them.

Supporter. Parents, volunteers and leaders support the exhibitors and their families as they compete and participate. They offer kind, encouraging words to help them understand defeat and be humble when they win. They celebrate success and handle defeat, processing what may be done differently to improve for the future when the time is right, not necessarily right away. Support comes is a variety of forms: a smile, an encouraging word or a handshake.

Cheerleader. They are in the stands and on the sidelines cheering on youth exhibitors, anxiously awaiting the results and watching the judge to see how they place the class. Adults need to be careful to not interfere with officials or distract members while they are competing. Coaching takes place before the event, not during the event. The best coaches know when to step back and let their players perform; exhibitors are performing their skills learned when they are in the ring or presenting their project to the judge. Give them the time to shine.

Teacher. Sometimes the teacher presents the most important lessons when they are silent and allow the student to learn for themselves. At other times, the teacher helps the student process all that has happened by listening, reflecting back and conversing with the young person. A good teacher knows to adjust their techniques to fit the situation and the student. Adjust as necessary.

Role model. Be the example. It sounds simple but it is really hard, especially when you are tired, hot, on day five of the fair, and did I mention stressed out? Be the person you were meant to bethe kids are watching! We need you to be the role model who inspires them to be their best. When you are not up to the task, take a timeout and defer to another adult. You expect the best from your members, so expect the best from yourself.

Helper. Hold the halter, carry supplies, walk alongside and fetch more projects from the car so the child can stand in line to be interviewed and judged. This is the week when some of us need to step aside and assist because it is their project, not ours. We ask what they need help with because we know they have it under control; we are simply there to be the driver and helper. The bonus is we get to take it all in and smile as we look on. This is your que to beam like a proud parent or volunteer.

You may see parents, family members, leaders and volunteers in these roles and more. You may see them display signs of being nervous, proud, overwhelmed or filled with a lot of emotion; after all, this is their childs moment in the spotlight, regardless if they are holding a rabbit, pillowcase, cake or the halter of a steer. They are waiting to hear the name of their child, the ribbon and the look on their face. They know how hard their child has worked on that project and hope the stars will align for them in this moment when the judge decides what their rating will be.

The adults are trying to find the balance between helping too much and guiding just enough. This is a delicate balance and they might not get it right the first time, so be kind and lead by example if you have the chance. Support the new fair families in your club and appreciate those who are carrying on the tradition of mentoring the next generation.

Being an adult with an exhibitor at the fair means you experience endless joy as your exhibitors exchange smiles, laughter and tools for the project area. However, you may also find that tears come easy because you are sleep deprived after the camper or tent experience, eating elephant ears, corn dogs and cotton candy, and swelling with a pride that comes from knowing you taught your members valuable skills in the last year. Skills that helped them achieve the goals they set at the beginning of the year.

Buyers who show their support for our exhibitors send an important message to our young people and help them develop skills as sellers. Learning how to approach a potential buyer, market your product and thank a buyer are important skills members learn in the process.

Superintendents, fair board members, clerks, judges and volunteers of all types help make our fairs the success they are by serving in roles that are essential to getting the projects, people, programs and shows in place. It is this teamwork and dedication that creates the magic that we enjoy as fair.

Yes, I know it is not all cotton candy and blue ribbons, but when the year is done and we step back to truly reflect, we can all admit lessons are learned. If we grow through those lessons, we look forward, set new goals and move forward.

Life is better than a box of chocolates; it is ferris wheel ride with your best friends, you just need to climb aboard. So the next time you visit a fair, think about all of the people who have made it possible and consider the lessons learned, the journeys traveled and appreciate the value for members, volunteers, leaders, parents and families.

To begin your journey in 4-H, contact yourMichigan State University Extensioncounty office and find out how you can become a 4-H member or 4-H volunteer.

This article was published by Michigan State University Extension. For more information, visit http://www.msue.msu.edu. To have a digest of information delivered straight to your email inbox, visit http://www.msue.msu.edu/newsletters. To contact an expert in your area, visit http://expert.msue.msu.edu, or call 888-MSUE4MI (888-678-3464).

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Smiles, laughter and life lessons at the fair | MSU Extension - Michigan State University Extension

Linval Joseph’s Hard Work Pays Off with Vikings Contract Extension – Vikings.com

MANKATO, Minn. Another day, another round of dollars committed to a significant Vikings defender.

Minnesota announced on Saturday that Linval Joseph signed a multi-year contract extension (the team does not release financial details of contracts).

Joseph is the third Vikings defender who is following a Pro Bowl season to sign an extension with the team in an 11-day span.

The first player to do so was defensive end Everson Griffen on July 26, when he and other veterans reported to Verizon Vikings Training Camp. Cornerback Xavier Rhodes inked his contract extension on July 30 to start this week, and Josephs signing helps punctuate a week that will culminate with a night practice at Blakeslee Stadium.

Joseph made a quick swipe of a pen around 4:30 p.m. (CT), leaving him enough time to prepare for the under-the-lights session.

It feels really good. I was really calm about the situation, Joseph said. Im just glad to be a Viking for life. I want to thank the organization, the Ownership, thank God and thank my agent Bill Johnson. Im ready to go. I want to help this team win the Super Bowl.

Joseph, who will turn 29 in October, was one of the first free agents the Vikings signed after Head Coach Mike Zimmer was hired in 2014.

He brought four years of experience with the New York Giants (46 starts in 53 regular-season games) and a ring from Super Bowl XLVI to the table.

Joseph has eaten up space in the middle of the field since and been critical to the Vikings defense. He has started all 44 regular-season games and the one postseason game hes played with Minnesota. Joseph recently discussed the one ultimate goal that the Vikings have and his belief in the team to play for a Super Bowl.

It would mean everything to me, Joseph said. When I signed my first contract, it was to come and help these guys and show these guys the way. To win a Super Bowl with the same guys Ive been with for four years would be awesome.

The former high school weightlifting champ is coming off his strongest season yet. Joseph recorded 100 tackles (coaches tally), including 48 solo, 4.0 sacks and 7.0 tackles for loss. He also recorded career bests of 36 quarterback hurries and three forced fumbles on his way to his first selection to the Pro Bowl.

Zimmer was asked about the way that Joseph was quietly handling the business aspect of the game and on the field while preparing for his fourth season in Purple. Zimmer pointed to the fact that Joseph values team accomplishments over individual stats

Hes a great person, wants to be really good, Zimmer said. Probably works as hard as anyone on the football team in the offseason. I think he cares an awful lot about the guys around him. [Defensive line coach] Andre Patterson does a good job preaching all that. But hopefully all of our guys on defense feel the same way. Its not about individual statistics, its about us collectively doing our job. Linval is the best one [nose tackle] Ive ever been around.

Zimmer said Josephs combination of strength, size and athleticism make him unlike any other nose tackle hes ever coached.

Most of the guys are thicker and shorter than he is, but he's the best athlete that I can think of, that I've been involved with at that spot, Zimmer said. When I first went to Dallas, Russell Maryland, who was the first pick of the draft was there, but he was more of a quick, fast guy as opposed to a bigpowerful guy.

Defensive coordinator George Edwards said Friday that Joseph is an exceptional player.

Hes not only got the bulk to play the position, the block awareness, balance, contact balance, and all those things but just the attitude that he brings to it every day, Edwards said.

You look at college football right now, you dont see a lot of nose guards because theres a lot of spread, Edwards added. Having a guy like that in the middle of your defense that brings that type of work ethic and pride to what hes trying to get accomplished is definitely a plus. I think Coach (Zimmer) has said it and Ill say it, hes one of the best Ive ever been around. I mean hes really a dominant force in there, does it exactly how you try to get it taught every day, and the consistency he brings to practice and takes the game, thats a big plus for us.

After seeing other core teammates sign recent contract extensions and knowing the kudos he has received from Vikings coaches, Joseph said he trusted that his opportunity would follow.

I feel like hard work pays off, Joseph said. It was going around the league, everybody saying Im the best, this and that. I was like, Well, its time for everything to come out the right way, and it turned out the right way. Im excited to be here. Im excited to have all the respect I have now, and I just want us to win games.

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Linval Joseph's Hard Work Pays Off with Vikings Contract Extension - Vikings.com

Opinion: How resources continue to make BC a beacon of responsible prosperity – Vancouver Sun

Penelope Comette, the Pembina Institute's program director of the clean energy economy, at the Grouse Mountain turbine. The Pembina Institute created a B.C. Clean Energy Jobs map in 2015 that showed there were 14,100 jobs from clean energy in B.C., which includes wind and solar power, run-of-river and large hydro, biomass and biogas. Postmedia News Files

B.C.s forestry, energy and mining industries are the economic foundation of our province, yesterday, today and tomorrow. They are essential to job creation in every B.C. community.

Families have been working in the resource economy for generations and they will continue to for generations to come, taking pride in the work they do.

Its rewarding, high-technology work that builds strong families and communities. As many as two out of every three dollars in B.C. are generated in the resource regions but spent throughout the provinces economy. And this may come as a surprise, but more than half of new natural resource jobs are located in the Lower Mainland.

These jobs pay the highest of any industry and are more likely to be full time. This is surely linked to the fact that jobs in resource-producing regions have up to six times the GDP impact than the average British Columbia job.

In addition to jobs, our natural resources help to pay local taxes for communities that need them, and fund critical services we rely on like health care and education.

B.C. companies work hard to meet federal and provincial environmental standards, knowing that it pays to innovate and exceed standards and be a world leader. And when we make mistakes everyone does we choose to learn and improve.

B.C. has a proud history of environmentalism that provides the foundation for responsible resource development. B.C.s resource economy helps drive the development of world-leading environmental best practices and investments in clean-tech innovations.

When we export our cleaner B.C. resources, such as LNG, we can help other countries reduce their unhealthy practices that damage the global environment.

Developing British Columbias natural resources can be a risky business. It has taken many years to develop a safety culture and there is still much work to do. It requires many partnerships among B.C.s workers, unions, communities, regulators and companies to keep us safe and to work to make us safer.

And when there are mistakes, we need to continue to learn and improve. These are values that have always been recognized by elected leaders no matter their particular perspectives.

B.C.s natural resources have shaped where we live in the province with towns that were built around a mill, port, smelter or river.

B.C.s resource economy creates jobs and skills training opportunities in rural areas through specific resource projects. Building new mines and keeping up with market demand for petroleum products has required a vast amount of investment. Only housing is bigger.

During the past two decades, $108 billion was spent on resource equipment and installations (not including utilities). Along the way, thousands of new businesses were incorporated, resulting in further spinoff employment.

British Columbia has an important role in Canada as the gateway for resource exports to growing parts of the world. B.C. also has important cultural links to Asia and South Asia that we can capitalize on for everyones benefit.

Having the ability to export our resource products to foreign markets means that we can always get the best prices for Canadian goods.

Other parts of the economy may struggle in competitive global markets. Resources are why British Columbia can consistently punch above its weight class. The continuing diversification of resource-based product lines shields us from the boom-and-bust effect at a time when minerals, lumber and the ingredients for fuel and plastics are in greater demand than they have ever been in the history of humanity. Resources are the future, not just our past.

There are many challenges to doing all this successfully. As we celebrate B.C. Day on Aug. 7, it is impossible to imagine our success as a province without the daily contributions made by resources and resource people.

Stewart Muir is executive director of the Resource Works Society.

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Is there more to this story? Wed like to hear from you about this or any other stories you think we should know about. Email vantips@postmedia.com

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Opinion: How resources continue to make BC a beacon of responsible prosperity - Vancouver Sun

Is a Well-Paying Job the next Entitlement Program? – Big Think (blog)

Here at Big Think we like to talk about the basic income guarantee. While the basic income is an interesting idea, objections to it abound. Also, it isnt the only idea for ending poverty making the rounds. While the basic income gets a lot of press, there's another idea: the Job Guarantee.

What is it?

The Job Guarantee is a policy proposal that would have the state function as an employer of last resort; always having public works projects in action to assure that any person looking for work is going to be able to find a job. That job might not be glamorous or conveniently located, but it will exist.

Such a plan would not end unemployment outright, but would rather assure that the rate is always near a low target. While most proposals set the target unemployment rate near three percent, that rate has been as high as six percent in others. It is based not only on economic questions, but also on the pragmatic question of how many people would take the work offered.

Is this a new idea?

No, the idea was formalized by Bill Mitchel and Joan Muysken decades ago. However, the principle goes back to the New Deal in the United States when agencies like the Civilian Conservation Corps and WPA offered work to the unemployed when the market failed to provide it. In the United Kingdom it goes back to the work of William Beveridge, notably the book Total Employment in a Free Society, which reached the conclusion that the state could assure total employment by a variety of means consistent with a liberal, capitalist, society.

Has it been tried?

In the United States, the bill known as Full Employment and Balanced Growth Act states the Federal Government can institute this policy- but no action has ever been taken along these linesdespite unemployment often being above the bills suggested level of three percent.

Currently, India has the National Rural Employment Guarantee Act, which aims to provide work in impoverished areas. While criticism the projects has been made, independent studies show it does have a positive effect on the people and areas it serves. It is, however, less comprehensive than many theorists would have liked. Though it does employ many people and provide needed infrastructure work in isolated areas.

What are the upsides?

The benefits of attempts at job guarantees have included reduced poverty and the ills associated with unemployment, including issues with health, family problems, drug use, and high crime rates. Supporters also argue that it can lead to stability of both prices and economic growth by assuring the unemployment rate never spikes.

Well, this sounds pretty good, what are the downsides?

There are a few, one objection of course is that such a policy calls for major government intervention in the economy; an idea opposed by many people for various reasons. The project could also cause inflation if not managed properly. The risk of politicians using assured employment to create a pool of loyal voters has also been a hurdle to the creation of new projects.

There is also a practical problem to consider. While it may be possible to assure that there are more open job positions than unemployed workers at any time, it may prove impossible for that work to be useful, attractive, and accessible. While there will be a demand for people to pave roads in Northern Alaska at some point, it will prove difficult to get people to move there to do it at a low cost. At the same time, you could employ everyone digging and filling in holes, but would have a hard time selling it to voters as being useful.

And more recently, the question of how automation would influence attempts to have productive work for everyone is also currently unsolved.

How we are going to organize the economy is always a pressing question. With the pressures of automation and globalization becoming stronger all the time, the question takes on new dimensions. Will the right to have a job be the next freedom enjoyed by people all over the world? Or will the idea end up as a trivial notion in a history of economics class?

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Is a Well-Paying Job the next Entitlement Program? - Big Think (blog)

Automation and the Voters – National Review

Too simplistic? Quite possibly, nevertheless the conclusions from some new research out of Oxford arefood for thought (my emphasis added):

A new research paper from the Oxford Martin Programme on Technology and Employment provides the first evidence that automation played a major role in voters concerns in the 2016 US Presidential Election.

The paper, Political Machinery: Automation Anxiety and the 2016 U.S. Presidential Election, authored by Dr Carl Benedikt Frey, Dr Thor Berger and Dr Chinchih Chen, all of the Oxford Martin Programme on Technology and Employment, looked at whether groups in the labour market that have lost out to automation were more likely to opt for radical political change. Pitching automation against a host of alternative explanations including workers exposure to globalization, immigration and manufacturing decline the research shows that electoral districts with a greater exposure to automation were substantially more likely to support Donald Trump in the 2016 Presidential Election.

The authors found that a 5 percentage points increase in the share of jobs in which workers have lost to automation in the past is associated with an increase in the share voting for Donald Trump in 2016 by roughly 10 percentage points.

Dr Frey, Oxford Martin Citi Fellow and Co-Director of the Oxford Martin Programme on Technology and Employment, said the data provided the first hard evidence of the impact of automation on political outcomes.

Our study suggests that automation has been the real cause of voters concern, he said. The prime victims of recent technological change want anything but the status quo. The populist rebellion in America, Europe, and elsewhere, has many causes, but workers losing out to technology is seemingly the main reason.

Its hardly the first time that I have asked this question, but what will be the political consequences as the process of technologically-driven job destruction moves further and further up the food chain, shattering the expectations of those who never thought they would be on the wrong side of creative destruction?

Speaking of which, theres this from The New Republic (again, my emphasis added):

The waning of the yuppies particular brand of ostentatious upward mobility, and the rise of its aesthetically scruffier hipster cousins, demonstrate the ongoing erosion of what Barbara and John Ehrenreich have called the professional-managerial class. The Ehrenreichs coined the term in 1977 to refer to the constellation of college-educated, white-collar, and creative workers (doctors, lawyers, journalists, artists, academics, and so forth) that hovered somewhere between the ruling class and the traditional working class. More than 30 years later, in their 2013 essay Death of a Yuppie Dream, the Ehrenreichs reported that the once-ascendant PMC was on its last legs, fractured by decades of technological advances, job outsourcing, and attacks on labor. Increasingly, its members have either peeled off to join a tier of exorbitantly compensated CEOs and supermanagers or suffered the collapse of their chosen professions, from the decline of newspaper journalism to the elimination of tenured academic jobs.

In this bleak new landscape, strivers havent disappearedthey have simply reoriented themselves around a new set of values that bolster their class position in less noticeable ways.

And they will probably continue to do, but whether they do so in a way that fits into Americas traditional free market(ish) model is an entirely different matter.

But its only 2017: Much of the article merely discusses changes in consumer choice:

This new elite is typified by the brownstone-dweller traipsing through Whole Foods with a yoga mat peeping from the top of her NPR tote.

But, it wont stop there, particularly as squeezed salaries and eroded job securitymake that trip to Whole Foods ever more daunting.

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Automation and the Voters - National Review

Automation Is Engineering the Jobs Out of Power Plants – IEEE Spectrum

As coal-fired electric power plants close across the U.S., they take with them coal mining jobs, to be sure. And while those job losses have generated considerable political heat, a no-less important employment shift is under way within power plants themselves.

Gone are many of the mechanics, millwrights, and welders who once held high paying jobs to keep coal-fired power plants operating.

As maintenance-intensive coal-fired power plantschock full of rotating equipment and leak-prone pipes and valves, not to mention conveyer belts and coal ash handling equipmentare retired they are being replaced to a large extent by gas-fired units that make full use of sensors, predictive maintenance software, and automated control systems.

As a result, the extensive use of analytics and automation within natural gas-fired power plants means that staffing levels can be cut to a fraction of what they were a decade ago.

Recent announcements confirm the trend.

On August 1, Michigan-based DTE Energy revealed plans to spend almost $1 billion to build a 1,100-megawatt gas-fired power plant. When the station enters service in 2022, it will replace three existing coal-fired units that currently employ more than 500 people. Job openings at the new gas-fired plant? Thirty-five full-time employees, says a DTE spokesperson.

In late June, Louisiana regulators approved a plan by New Orleans-based Entergy Corp. to build a 994-MW gas-fired combined cycle power plant. The $872 million plant and associated transmission assets are slated to enter service in 2020. Job openings when it comes on line? No more than 31 people to manage, operate, and maintain the plant.

The lower headcount required at new gas-fired power plants like those in Michigan and Louisiana is the result of automation and advances in control system technology.

What changed is the evolution of technology, says W. Dale Claudel, vice president of power generation for Entergy.

Entergys plant in Lake Charles, La. will use two Mitsubishi 501G air-cooled gas turbines coupled with a Toshiba steam turbine. Claudel says that a single control room operator will be able to launch the plants entire startup procedure with the proverbial push of a button.

Once switched on, the plants automated systems are designed to synchronize generator functions, set ramp unit output, monitor firing temperatures, measure and adjust air emissions, all functions that previously required human oversight or intervention.

(Entergy Louisiana has a relatively small amount of coal-fired generation that will continue operating even after the Lake Charles unit is built.)

Whats more, in a conventional power plant outfitted with a boiler, multiple field operators would trek into the plant to visually inspect equipment and burners that were installed on multiple levels of the structure to ensure they were ready for firing. With the new plant, Claudel says that automation will monitor the combustion process, eliminating the need for many of the field operators required to walk the plant prior to startup.

A recent benchmarking effort by Black & Veatch used data from a commercial database of North American gas-fired power generating plants to offer insight into how gas-fired power plants are staffed.

Phillip L. Webster, P.E., associate vice president and project manager of Energy, Power Generation Services at B&V says that the firms research shows that a gas-fired combined-cycle power plant with a 565-MW generating capacity needs around 27 full-time personnel. A plant configured to yield nearly 300 MW more generating capacity requires only six additional people.

So even though the second gas-fired unit is more than 50 percent larger than the first in terms of generating capacity, the number of employees needed to run the plant is only around 25 percent more.

The roles just dont need to exist, he says.

One big reason is that new gas-fired power plants are equipped with sensors that provide constant data streams that are used to monitor turbine performance and feed predictive maintenance algorithms. Predictive maintenance means that maintenance outages can be scheduled well in advance of an equipment failure, and reduce almost to zero the need for in-house maintenance staff.

Software minimizes the effort of the operations and maintenance team, says Shin Gomi, a marketing vice president with Mitsubishi Hitachi Power Systems Americas. The operational reliability of an advanced gas turbine may approach 99 percent, he says, and operating efficiencies are edging toward 65 percent, nearly double the efficiency of most coal-fired units that are being replaced. Expenses for operations and maintenance, fuel, and employees all can be cut with gas-fired power plant technology.

With gas price volatility greatly reduced and gas supply greatly enhanced through hydraulic fracturing technology, long-lived gas-fired technology can be planned for by cost-sensitive utilities that historically have limited options available to them to enhance shareholder value.

The extent of automation and digital equipment in new gas-fired power plants also means that operators need to have different sets of skills. Gone are the specialized millwrights and boiler operators.

They are being replaced, Entergys Claudel says, by people who understand operations as processes and who are able program, troubleshoot, and tune the ultra-efficient turbines.

IEEE Spectrums energy, power, and green tech blog, featuring news and analysis about the future of energy, climate, and the smart grid.

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Automation Is Engineering the Jobs Out of Power Plants - IEEE Spectrum

Will Altering the 13th Amendment Bring Liberation to the Incarcerated 2.3 Million? – Truth-Out

Though precise figures are difficult to find, likely about half of the 1.3 million incarcerated workers do labor that maintains prison institutions themselves. Without this labor, prisons could not function, yet they are poorly paid and often don't amount to serious employment. (Photo: Justin Sullivan / Getty Images)

High school students typically learn at least one "fact" about slavery: The 13thAmendment did away with it all. As usual, school history teaches a half truth. Like most promises of freedom, the 13thAmendment came with a catch, an exclusion clause that permitted both slavery and involuntary servitude "as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted."

This "exception clause" drew considerable attention in anti-slavery circles in the decades immediately following the Emancipation Proclamation but then largely faded into the background. Even through the last several decades of mass incarceration, few people other than a handful of scholars have paid much attention to what historian Dennis Childscallsthe "constitutional sanctioning of state-borne prison-industrial genocide."

However, in the past year, abolishing the slavery clause of the 13thhas become a cause clbre. Theprison labor strikeof fall 2016 brought the issue to the fore. Led by members of the Free Alabama Movement (FAM) inside Holman prison, this action sparked a withdrawal of labor that someanalystssay spread to as many as 29 prisons in 12 states. Kinetik Justice, the most prominent leader of FAM,explainedthe motivation of the strike: "We understand the prison system is a continuation of the slave system. The 13thAmendment abolished slavery supposedly but createdit again in thenext breath, because it birthedthe criminal justice system the institution of slavery with a $1,000 suit on."

Since the FAM-led strike,resistancein several prisons has kept questions of labor behind the walls in the public eye. Moreover, work stoppages and hunger strikes have occurred in a number of immigration jails in theNorthwestandSouthwest.

Like the FAM-led strike, much of this resistance in immigration detention centers has focused on exploitation of labor. In an interesting twist on the exception-clause argument, those detained while awaiting results of an immigration proceeding reason that they cannot be compelled to work because they have not been convicted of any crime, thereby absolving them from any application of the 13thamendment.

In 2014, a suit against this practice was filed on behalf of nine individuals detained at the immigration facility in Aurora, Colorado, owned by the private prison company GEO Group. In March of this year, a Denver judgeupgradedthe suitto class action status. It now includes some 60,000 men and women held at Aurora over the years. The litigation claims those detained were subjected to "forced labor" when they were selected for a daily roster to carry out cleaning duties at the facility and paid $1 per day. The argument holds that this amounts tovirtual slavery underTrafficking Victims Protection Act. GEO Group's argument held that the labor fell under ICE'sVoluntary Work Program, and people signed up of their own volition.

Apart from actions behind bars, the highly acclaimed film,13th,has brought the exclusion clause to the attention of millions of activists and ordinary people. The film, directed by Ava DuVernay and nominated for an Academy Award, traces the historical roots of mass incarceration back to the period of chattel slavery.

The focus on the 13thAmendment will once again take center stage in the "Millions for Prisoners Human Rights March" in Washington, DC, on August 19. Nonprofit human rights organizationIamWEand a long list of co-sponsors are the organizers. Thecore demandof the marchers is a congressional hearing focused on the 13thamendment and its "direct links" to various aspects of mass incarceration, including exploitation of labor, profiteering by private prison operators, the implementation of quotas for immigration detention, and racial disparities in prison populations and police violence.

Mallah-Divine Mallah, a member of the national organizing committee for the march, says the action intends to "galvanize" the movement at a national level. He told Truthout that there are lots of local struggles but nothing putting the light on the "diabolical aspect" of the prison system across the country, including labor exploitation.

Prison Labor: A Case of Superexploitation

Without a doubt, prison pay rates are appallingly low. A recentstudyof prison wages by Prison Policy Initiative's Wendy Sawyer revealed that prison pay levels have actually declined nationally since 2001. She found that the average minimum daily wage paid to incarcerated workers for those who do basic maintenance work in the prison is now 86 cents, down from the 93 cents reported in 2001, with maximum daily wages falling from $4.73 in 2001 to $3.45 today. Moreover, six states -- Alabama, Arkansas, Georgia, Mississippi, South Carolina and Texas -- pay no wage at all for basic maintenance work. Louisiana, Missouri and West Virginia pay many such workers less than five cents an hour. Heather Ann Thompson, author of the prize-winning tale of the Attica prison rebellion,Blood in the Water,viewsthese wage levels much like Kinetik Justice, saying, "It's absolutely fair to characterize it as slave labor, since constitutionally that is the only exception made for keeping people in a state of slavery."

Mallah, who spent over a decade behind bars himself, adds a further dimension to the nature of enslavement behind bars: coercion. He notes that prison authorities have various forms of leverage to force people to work. Refusing to report to a job may land a person in solitary confinement; result in the elimination of their access to commissary, phones and visiting; and potentially adding time to their sentence.

Lacino Hamilton, a captive in the Michigan State Department of Corrections for 23 years, agrees, "The motive for work in prison is seldom induced by reward, but by threat of certain punishment: Not working results in mind-numbing and humiliating restrictions, in an already restrictive environment."

The coercion element has heightened in recent years as people are increasingly charged for services. Incarcerated people are now often charged co-pays for health care, eyeglasses and wheelchairs, and they are also contending with decreases in clothing and food allocations that force them to buy overpriced goods through the commissary. Moreover, restitution and crime victims' funds often garnish a considerable share of prison wages. Sawyer says, in some instances these deductions from paychecks reach as high as 80 percent.

While money is central in this equation, Hamilton maintains that prison labor exploitation is also about the politics of power. He told Truthout via email that "prison work is designed to train and prepare imprisoned people for the unrewarding work awaiting most of them (us) upon release. It's designed to condition imprisoned men and women to accept the official or societal view that they are meant to be the permanent underclass. So, when the department requires that all prisoners maintain a 'routine work assignment,' it's to program prisoners to become someone whose energy and labor is always at the disposal of higher ups."

The fall in wages has also gone hand-in-hand with slashing the budgets of education and other activities. Political prisoner David Gilbert, who has spent over 30 years in New York state prisons, wrote to Truthout about how in the past there was a "range of activities where prisoners could feel like they were accomplishing something, feel good about themselves." These have for the most part disappeared, along with what he calls "the program which is by far the most beneficial -- college." Nationally, the number of in-prison college programs has dropped from over 350 in the early 1990s to less than a hundred today. Astudyby the New York State Bar Association showed that the number of college degrees awarded to people in the state's prisons fell from 1,078 in 1991 to 141 in 2011.

This reshaping of the prison landscape has gradually eliminated most of the rehabilitation-oriented programs, leaving menial jobs and dead time. As Gilbert put it, "For the vast majority there's a tremendous amount of idleness, at times combined with the demeaning treatment from staff."

Changing the 13th Amendment: Implications

For the moment, a key question is, to what extent the removal of the exception clause would address these issues. There is a wide range of views on this matter. Mobilizationmaterialsdistributed by organizers state, "At a minimum, we expect to have an immediate impact on mass incarceration laws." Azzurra Crispino, who was a major spokesperson for supporters of the 2016 FAM strike and currently heads Prison Abolition Prisoner Support, believes such impact would be decisive and swift. She told Truthout that the removal of the exception clause would force prison authorities to respect the whole gamut of labor laws they are now free to ignore -- minimum wage, pensions, health and safety regulations. "This would immediately make the prison system unaffordable," she contends. She predicted that within a year the prison population could shrink by up to 70 percent.

Though less optimistic than Crispino, Mallah also sees the potential in modifying the amendment. "The captured market aspect would be changed." In his view, there would be an "impact on the quality of interaction between the people who are incarcerated and those they work for." He sees altering the amendment as a way to "galvanize people," to address the reality that "nobody cares about slaves, nobody cares about prisoners."

However, some activists, legal scholars and economists are more skeptical about the impact of removing the exclusion clause. While the clause constitutes the major overarching framework enabling authorities to exempt incarcerated people from labor laws, other legal measures also facilitate prison slave labor. Court decisions and legislation have also excluded people in prison from categorization as employees. A number ofcasespertaining to the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) have upheld this exclusion. In one instance, a claim for coverage under FLSA argued that if Congress wanted to exempt people in prison from the terms of the act, they would have specifically mentioned them. The Seventh Circuit court'sexplanationin denying the appealwas that "the reason the FLSA contains no express exception for prisoners is probably that the idea was too outlandish to occur to anyone when the legislation was under consideration by Congress." While not employing exactly the same logic, a number of cases have upheld the right of government and nonprofit sector employers to hire interns without paying them a wage, largely under thetheorythat an internship is volunteer work, not requiring payment.

Section 26 U.S.C. 3306(c)(21)of the tax code reiterates the FLSA decisions, noting that any service performed in a penal institution isn't considered employment. Chandra Bozelko, who spent seven years in prison,emphasizesthat, like the 13thAmendment, these laws are yet another way in which people in prison are dehumanized by the labor regime: "this definition is much more dehumanizing than any low wage," sheclaimedin a recent article in National Review, "This law tells an inmate that what she does at her prison job doesn't matter, regardless of what she's paid. It's one thing to be devalued; it's another to be denied outright."

Moreover, Steven Pitts, the associate chair of the UC Berkeley Labor Center, sees a reflection of the increasingly precarious nature of work in prison labor regimes. In his view, the 13th Amendment is not "the legal vehicle that keeps people from being classified as an employee." Rather, he contends that over the past 40 years, the line between employer and employee has become less and less clear, with many employees being redefined as consultants or independent contractors. At present, he maintains there is "always a problem applying basic labor law that assumes a clear line between employer and employee." The blurring of this line has enabled employers to hire "workers" or "associates" for a flat rate and exclude them from benefits like retirement pay, paid holidays and job security.

Who Do People in Prison Work For?

Assessing the application of the exclusion clause raises the question of who actually employs people in prison. Despite popularnotionsthat incarcerated workers primarily generate profits for major corporations, less than 1 percent of those in prison are under contract to private companies. According to federal law, any firm contracting for prison labor to produce goods to be sold to the public must register with the Prison Industry Enhancement Certification Program (PIECP). According to the PIECP's first quarterreportfor 2017, 5,588 incarcerated individuals were under contract to companies, most of them small firms. These are generally the best-paid jobs in prisons and according to the letter of the law, are supposed to pay the legal minimum wage. For economist Tom Petersik, who has been studying prison labor for nearly two decades, these workers who do jobs resembling production work on the streets, hold the key to resolving prison labor issues. He recommends applying the overall rules of the labor market to this cohort but not to all workers in prison. Moreover, he further cautioned in correspondence with Truthout that the Amendment only applies to people who have been convicted, exempting those awaiting trial, but also opening the door to applying the clause to individuals who have completed prison or jail terms.

Two other categories of work occupy the vast majority of those employed in prison. According to Sawyer, about 6 percent of people in prison produce goods and services for government entities. This ranges from the stereotypical license-plate-making to building communications boxes for the Department of Defense to producing mattresses or uniforms for prisons. Several states along with the Federal government have separate entities that oversee these enterprises. The federal government's prison industrial overseer, Federal Prison Industries, Inc., (also known as UNICOR)reportsthat its largest single production item in 2015 was office furniture, most of which went to government buildings.

While much prison labor may be akin to factory work outside prison, a significant portion of prison workers are engaged in agriculture. Prison farms, highly reminiscent of plantations from the chattel slavery days, complete with armed guards on horseback, are mostly located in the South. Prisons like Mississippi's Parchman Farms (made famous in asongby blues legend Bukka White) and Angola in Louisiana have gained notoriety for oppressive conditions in agricultural fields. Holman in Alabama, the focal point of the Free Alabama Movement, also has considerable agricultural production. While most of this produce ends up being consumed in prison dining halls, more recently stricter immigration laws that reduced the flow of migrant farm laborers have led to thedeploymentof people in prison in Georgia and Idaho to harvest crops for commercial farms.

Though precise figures are difficult to find, likely about half of the 1.3 million incarcerated workers do labor that maintains prison institutions themselves. This includes cleaning, cooking, general maintenance and a variety of office tasks. These are the most poorly paid jobs. Without this labor, prisons could not function. As Crispino points out, if Departments of Corrections had to pay these workers a minimum wage with basic benefits, they would go broke in a hurry. Yet, as Sawyer notes, few of these jobs really amount to serious employment. They might involve sweeping floors for an hour a day or serving food for a couple of hours. Even for those who do work, the days are far from full.

Moreover, Hamilton stresses that rather than physically grueling labor routines, the "real harm" lying in these jobs is that the "prisoner's sense of self and sense of possession become alienated from his or her work capacity. That's what's really at stake here."

Lastly, there is an entire layer of people in prison who do not work at all. This includes theroughly90,000people in solitary confinement, virtually all of the nation's political prisoners, as well as those who are disabled or beyond working age. Former political prisoner Cisco Torres sees mobilization around eliminating the exclusion clause as viable but thinks political energy could be better spent on issues like sentencing or reducing financing for local police. He fears that even if the exclusion clause is removed, "they will come up with different methods of incarceration."

Additionally, Torres stresses that decarceration without allocating additional resources to oppressed communities condemns people released from prison to live at the absolute margins of survival. "Even if we let them go, where do these people go?" he says. His views also highlight the fact that amending the 13thcould lead to some relief for people in prison but may do very little for the millions of loved ones of incarcerated people, overwhelmingly women and children, who have also been critically impacted by mass incarceration. For the moment, Torres favors mobilizing behind "tangible goals," like the treatment of incarcerated people or the recognition of political prisoners. For him, the central problem is "American capitalism and how we fight it," not merely amending the Constitution.

Hamilton agrees with Torres' assessment:"Such a demand may be a great way to raise awareness about interlinked systems of marginalization, policing and imprisonment, but it would not prevent imprisonment from being the primary mode of state-inflicted punishment. Not one prisoner would go free."

Linking the 13thAmendment to Other Issues

Despite the complexity of assessing its impact, building a movement to abolish the exclusion clause would be a major step in changing public attitudes about incarcerated people. Moreover, the broadening of the demands to include the elimination of immigration detention quotas acknowledges that forced labor is a carceral reality well beyond the boundaries of the plantation-style farms of Holman and Parchman.

In addition, as Mallah has stressed, it would reshape consciousness and relations at the coalface of prison yard relations. He regards the march and the focus on the 13thas an effort to capture the "synergy of both national coalition and local" efforts as a key moment in the search to find the balance between marching, advocacy and education that is central to building a movement to end mass incarceration.

See the rest here:

Will Altering the 13th Amendment Bring Liberation to the Incarcerated 2.3 Million? - Truth-Out

9 questions about the Democratic Socialists of America you were too embarrassed to ask – Vox

This weekend, 697 delegates from 49 states are congregating in Chicago for the largest-ever convention of the Democratic Socialists of America.

Socialism is having a moment. Bernie Sanders, a self-described democratic socialist, nearly snagged the Democratic Party nomination last year and is the countrys most popular active politician; socialist Jeremy Corbyn came close to controlling the British government; and young people identify with the ideology at record rates. There is a new and unbridled optimism about socialisms potential.

In the last year alone, DSAs membership has ballooned from 8,000 to 25,000 dues-paying members. DSA boasts that it is now the biggest socialist organization in America since World War II.

Tempering this bubbling excitement around DSA are polls showing that socialism remains as unpopular with the general public as ever, the ongoing weakening of the American labor movement, and, of course, Republicans lock on the federal government. DSA may have a robust and growing social media presence, but its still just a tiny blip in the larger universe of left-leaning advocacy groups. (The National Education Association, for instance, has 3 million dues-paying members.)

After Trumps election, I thought the left would be on the defensive for a few years the way it was when Nixon was in power and when Reagan and George W. Bush were in power, said Michael Kazin, editor of the leftist magazine Dissent and a professor at Georgetown who is himself a DSA member. Some of that has happened. But its also been true that theres a renewed interest in the radical left a fresh possibility that DSA might be able, and will certainly try, to take advantage of.

Like most socialist organizations, DSA believes in the abolition of capitalism in favor of an economy run either by the workers or the state though the exact specifics of abolishing capitalism are fiercely debated by socialists.

The academic debates about socialisms meaning are huge and arcane and rife with disagreements, but what all definitions have in common is either the elimination of the market or its strict containment, said Frances Fox Piven, a scholar of the left at the City University of New York and a former DSA board member.

In practice, that means DSA believes in ending the private ownership of a wide range of industries whose products are viewed as necessities, which they say should not be left to those seeking to turn a profit. According to DSAs current mission statement, the government should ensure all citizens receive adequate food, housing, health care, child care, and education. DSA also believes that the government should democratize private businesses i.e., force owners to give workers control over them to the greatest extent possible.

But DSA members also say that overthrowing capitalism must include the eradication of hierarchical systems that lie beyond the market as well. As a result, DSA supports the missions of Black Lives Matter, gay and lesbian rights, and environmentalism as integral parts of this broader anti-capitalist program.

Socialism is about democratizing the family to get rid of patriarchal relations; democratizing the political sphere to get genuine participatory democracy; democratizing the schools by challenging the hierarchical relationship between the teachers of the school and the students of the school, said Jared Abbott, a member of DSAs national steering committee. Socialism is the democratization of all areas of life, including but not limited to the economy.

DSA does have a history of members who were more likely to consider themselves New Deal Democrats, more interested in creating a robust welfare state than in turning the means of production over to the workers. But David Duhalde, DSAs deputy director, says the overwhelming majority of its current members are committed to socialisms enactment through the outright abolition of capitalism.

DSA traces its ancestry back to the apex of American socialism Eugene Debss Socialist Party of America, which in 1912 received 6 percent of the popular vote in the presidential election.

The energy behind the Socialist Party would be depleted by FDRs New Deal, which incorporated many of its reformist demands, and the unpopularity of Soviet Russia in the US. By the late 1930s, most socialists basically became liberal Democrats, Kazin said. The party was never really a major or even minor factor after that, and then it imploded even further in the early 1970s.

The catalyst for that second implosion was the Vietnam War, which split the vestiges of the Socialist Party. Their rift mirrored that of the Democratic Party, which at the 1968 convention saw divisions between the civil rights movement and antiwar students who opposed Lyndon Johnsons war spill out into the open.

The history here is complicated and bitterly contested, but the upshot is that one faction of socialists in particular, supporters of Max Shachtman and Bayard Rustin opposed unilateral withdrawal of the American military from Vietnam. These leaders saw themselves as spokespeople for the American labor movement, which backed Lyndon Johnson and was generally supportive of the war. (In 1965, AFL-CIO president George Meany declared that the unions would support the Vietnam War "no matter what the academic do-gooders may say. Predominantly black unions were more skeptical of the war, Kazin notes.)

If you were a socialist and working with labor, it was difficult to oppose the Vietnam War, Kazin says.

Meanwhile, a separate faction of socialists associated with Michael Harrington wanted an end to the war and for the American left to align much more closely with the growing radical movements of the 1960s.

Harrington and Irving Howe, another socialist intellectual, realized they had to connect socialism to feminism and black liberation, and were skeptical of the labor movements support for the Vietnam War, Kazin said. They also didnt read Marx as quite the prophet that socialists of Debs's generation had.

In 1973, Harrington made the break official and formed the Democratic Socialist Organizing Committee. Nine years after its forming, DSOC fused with the New American Movement which contained much of the (also diminished from the 1960s) remnants of the campus left and became DSA.

Still, DSA was little more than a group of people who got together and had a convention, Kazin said. I hadnt heard people talking much about it until Bernies campaign.

No.

DSAs ancestor, the Socialist Party of America, really was a political party that ran candidates like Debs and controlled the mayoralty of Milwaukee for years. But the idea that its a political party today is perhaps the biggest misconception about the DSA.

Unlike the Green Party or the Libertarian Party or even the new Moderate Whig Party, the DSA is not registered with the Federal Election Commission as a political party.

Instead, DSA is a 501(c)4 nonprofit. That frees it up to avoid cumbersome paperwork required of those organizations, and focus on what it calls its No. 1 objective building a broad-based anti-capitalist movement for democratic socialism.

Id say that our chapters spend less than 10 percent of their time on electoral politics, said DSAs Abbott. For 22 months of the two-year election cycle, we are almost entirely focused on non-electoral work.

Insofar as DSA has done electoral work, it has traditionally been to pull the Democratic Partys politicians toward its vision of social democracy. That was the original vision of its founder, the theorist and writer Michael Harrington, who saw the Democratic Party as the only realistic vehicle for achieving political change.

"If [Jimmy] Carter wins, he will do some horrendous things I guarantee it. ... [But] the conditions of a Carter victory are the conditions for working-class militancy, and the militancy of minority groups, and the militancy of women, and the militancy of the democratic reform movement, Harrington said in a 1976 speech urging socialists to support the Democratic candidate over Republican Gerald Ford.

Instead, the DSA has served as a signaling device for some Democrats including black politicians from major American cities to distinguish themselves from the partys centrist wing. Brooklyns Rep. Major Owens (D-NY) and David Dinkins, who served as mayor of New York City in the early 1990s, were both DSA members. Current politicians affiliated with DSA include Khalid Kamau, a city council person in South Fulton, Georgia; Renitta Shannon, a Georgia state senator; and Ron Dellums, until recently Oaklands mayor. These candidates technically run either as independents or on the Green Party or Democratic Party ballot line.

Sanderss campaign and DSAs growth have some young socialists dreaming about a powerful third party, separate from Democrats but for now, these dreams remain just that. There are some people in DSA who think we should be a new political party, but the majority of membership believes its too early, Abbott said. Maybe if we keep up our fast growth, that will change. But for now, most think its better for us to focus on being flexible in order to advance our social movement work.

Once you get out of your head the idea that DSA is trying to operate like Jill Stein, its purpose is easier to understand.

But what does a movement for democratic socialism actually mean?

There are roughly three main planks. The first is building up local chapters to wage pressure campaigns that align with DSAs mission pushing officials to adopt single-payer health care, for instance. In Washington, DC, a DSA chapter has launched an education campaign to teach low-income tenants about the rights they have. The Los Angeles DSA has lobbied officials to adopt sanctuary city legislation.

Its direct protest actions, public events, door knocking, phone banking all of the above, Abbott said.

The second is to build up a power center for democratic socialism that can influence elections, often but not exclusively in Democratic primaries, even if DSA is not fielding its own candidates.

The labor movement in the 1930s and the black freedom movement in the 1960s is what made the Democratic Party a vehicle for social democracy, Piven said. If were going to have a new period of reformism, it will surely occur through the transformation of the Democratic Party; hopefully, DSA will be one of the instruments of that transformation.

The last major function of DSA is supporting union organizers, as in Nissan employees current feud with management. As Piven notes, these strategies are aimed at influencing the political system even if they dont take the form of a traditional American political party.

"I dont think working to strengthen labor organizing or creating new unions is a path divergent from electoral politics; in some ways, it's the necessary precondition for successful electoral politics," Piven said, citing the link between union strength and Democratic vote share. "Movement politics ultimately succeed through their interplay with electoral politics."

Some of the economic policies favored by left-wing Democrats are also supported by DSA, and that can make the two occasionally difficult to disentangle.

For instance, DSA is currently planning a Summer for Progress campaign centered on advocating for a platform that calls for a single-payer health care system (which about 60 percent of House Democrats already support); free college tuition (which House Democrats also support); and new Wall Street taxes and criminal justice reforms (which ... yes, dozens of congressional Democrats already support).

Further confusing matters is Sanders, who calls himself a democratic socialist but supports a policy program that would essentially leave capitalism intact. His candidacy spurred a dramatic growth in DSA membership, and DSA backed him, but the Vermont senator has also referred to himself a New Deal Democrat who views Lyndon Johnson and Franklin D. Roosevelt rather than Karl Marx or American socialist Norman Thomas as his true ideological predecessors.

Many DSA members would go further than any of these New Deal Democrats. One useful distinction is that while progressive Democrats and DSA both believe in welfare state programs as a way to improve capitalism, DSA sees them as just one step toward completely severing the link between human needs and market scarcity.

Examples may help clarify the difference. While both DSA and some left-wing Democrats agree that the government should provide universal health insurance, DSA ultimately wants to nationalize hospitals, providers, and the rest of the health care system as well. While both will work toward higher taxes on Wall Street, DSA ultimately wants to nationalize the entire financial sector. While left-wing Democrats believe in criminal justice reform, some DSA members are calling for the outright abolition of the police and prison systems. While both DSA and left-wing Democrats support reforms to get money out of politics, some in DSA see capitalism as fundamentally incompatible with genuinely free and fair elections. In practice, however, the two wind up ultimately taking the same positions.

"There's a continuum between [Chuck] Schumer and [Nancy] Pelosi and liberal Democrats, who don't want to go further than the expansion of the welfare state, and the center of DSA, who would want everything in a Bernie Sanders program as a starting point and then think about what to do next," Kazin said.

If you spend enough time on Twitter, youll invariably notice that many DSA members have added a small red rose next to their avatars:

The rose traces its roots back to a speech in the early 1900s given by Rose Schneiderman, a socialist and womens rights organizer whom FDR would later appoint to the Labor Advisory Board.

"What the woman who labors wants is the right to live, not simply exist the right to life as the rich woman has the right to life, and the sun and music and art. You have nothing that the humblest worker has not a right to have also. The worker must have bread, but she must have roses too. Help, you women of privilege, give her the ballot to fight with, Schneiderman said.

The call for bread and roses became famous in 1912, when more than 20,000 textile workers in Lawrence, Massachusetts, went on strike to protest wage cuts that accompanied a shorter workweek. It comes from the rising of working people, and in this case, the rise of working women who were horrifically abused and underpaid, Piven said. I think its the perfect symbol.

Today, DSAs red rose symbolizes just what it did in 1912: the belief that workers deserve not just the necessities to sustain life but the luxuries that will permit them to enjoy it too.

As DSA has grown in stature, some members of the commentariat have argued that the organization is little different from the so-called Bernie Bro stereotype of a Sanders supporter that emerged from his presidential campaign young, white, male, and mad as hell about politics.

Consider the Bernie Bro (Wellus actuallius), an aggressive subgenus of Sen. Bernie Sanders supporters, the Huffington Post said. Herds of Bernie Bros ... have staked out a far more hospitable environment: the Democratic Socialists of America.

In our interview, Abbott didnt deny that the organization has a diversity problem on its hands.

"DSA is still a heavily white and heavily cis male organization, as have been most socialist groups in the history of the United States. That has not really improved, he said.

Abbott said he couldnt provide exact statistics on DSAs racial or gender diversity until after the convention. The percentage of people of color has increased from a relatively low percentage to a somewhat higher percentage, he said.

Still, he noted that DSA has nine full-time staff members and six of them are women. Of those nine, he said, four are people of color. He also said that half of the elected national committee would be composed of women.

Additionally, four of the 10 delegates to DSAs national convention are women, and one out of five is a person of color, according to Duhalde, DSAs deputy director.

Were taking proactive steps to deal with it and do the kinds of work we need to to be strong partners and work in solidarity with all underrepresented and oppressed communities, Abbott said. But we have real challenges here.

Since the 2016 election, scores of profiles in national news outlets have charted DSAs growth. Reuters chronicled the surge in DSA chapters around the country. The Washington Post talked about DSAs war on liberalism, and the Huffington Post did much of the same.

With 25,000 dues-paying members, DSAs recent growth is certainly real. In Florida, DSA now has 10 chapters after only having a handful; in Texas, it has 13. Chapters have emerged this year in unlikely states like Montana, Kansas, and Idaho.

Still, its hard to know how much that growth should really impress us compared with historical trends. Kazin, for instance, notes that Students for a Democratic Society, a now-defunct left-wing campus movement in the 1960s, had upward of 100,000 members at its height.

The growth looks even smaller compared with the uptick in interest in other leftwing groups since Trumps election. UltraViolet, a group that advocates womens reproductive rights, currently has 300,000 members (though they dont pay dues). The group Indivisible didnt exist until after the 2016 election. It now has 3,800 local chapters to DSAs 177. (Though, again, Indivisible members dont have to pay dues.)

DSA members tend to point to the uptick of popularity for those who support their mission the socialist magazine Jacobin, which has about 1 million pageviews a month; the leftist podcast Chapo Trap House, which earns $72,000 a month from tens of thousands of paying subscribers; and politicians like Sanders and Corbyn.

And historians note that socialist movements can influence political parties, even if their electoral clout is diminished. Why socialists have mattered in American history is not because they had power themselves but because they were committed, intelligent activists in other movements, Kazin said. Thats where I would look for DSAs influence: In those movements, are people talking about democratic socialism?

Particularly in online circles, DSA is affiliated with a group of socialists collectively known as the dirtbag left. The dirtbag left is itself most associated with the Chapo Trap House podcast, which delights in sharpening the dividing line between socialists and liberals by ridiculing prominent politicians and journalists associated with the center left.

After the election, for instance, Chapo co-host Felix Biederman mockingly compared Hillary Clinton to Dale Earnhardt, joking that both had crashed because they couldnt turn left. (Earnhardt was killed in a 2001 racing accident.)

Rudeness can be extremely politically useful. There are arguments to be made over who constitutes a valid target, but when crude obscenity is directed at figures of power, their prestige can be tarnished, even in the eyes of the most reverent of subjects, wrote Amber A'Lee Frost, a co-host of Chapo Trap House, in an essay for Current Affairs. Caricature is designed to exaggerate, and therefore make more noticeable, peoples central defining qualities, and can thus be illuminating even at its most indelicate.

DSA has certainly been a beneficiary of the Dirtbag Left and its iconoclastic rage; Chapo Trap House frequently directs its guests to support the socialist organization, and its founders are in Chicago for the DSA convention. Mother Jones called the podcast a gateway drug for democratic socialism, and DSAs leaders recognize thats correct. Even if DSA wont adopt Chapos insult-humor shtick in its official platform, its hard to imagine that some of its beliefs wont seep in some way into the organization through new membership.

Chapos dirtbag politics have alarmed other left-leaning writers. In an essay for the New Republic, Jeet Heer warned against what he called its dominance politics as counterproductive to building a coalition with center-left Democrats.

But in an interview last year, Chapo Trap House co-host Matt Christman countered that Donald Trump had captured the transgressive thrill of defying the cultural expectations of the elite, and that the left would be wise to reclaim it. Incisive put-down humor, he suggested, isnt just useful for amassing a podcast following; it could also be helpful to an ascendant left-wing politics.

The gonad element of politics is now totally owned by the right. All the left has now is charts and data. You cannot motivate people with charts and data and lecturing, Christman said. If were going to win, we cannot allow [right-wing provocateur] Milo Yiannopoulos and all of these carnival-barking Nazis to have all of the fucking fun.

Read more:

9 questions about the Democratic Socialists of America you were too embarrassed to ask - Vox

Women in Business Q&A: Jill Johnson, Founder, Jilco Inc – HuffPost

Jill Johnson is a three-time cancer survivor with a lifelong passion for helping others through fine jewelry. She relied on her 27 years as a sought-after importer, manufacturer and wholesaler to the jewelry trade to design a beautiful, meaningful jewelry collection that could also empowerand unitea larger community. Johnsons Minneapolis-based fine jewelry company, Jilco Inc., has been giving back to organizations like the Fistula Foundation (in partnership with Oprah Winfrey) and the Children's Cancer Research Fund since 1989.

How has your life experience made you the leader you are today?

My life experience has taught me to be resilient, a lesson I learned from a very early age. I was diagnosed with cancer at eleven years old, the first of three cancer occurrences. Facing your own mortality as a child is maturing and formative but also empowering in that you are more willing to take risks in order to pursue your dreams. These experiences taught me to be a decisive, bold, and hardworking leader and gave me an appetite for entrepreneurship.

How has your previous employment experience aided your tenure at AWE?

I spent the last 28 years running Jilco, the jewelry manufacturing and wholesale business I founded in my early 20s. This experience combined with my cancer survivorship is what enabled me to recognize a gap in the marketplace: survivors lack a meaningful and enduring gift that is unifying and commemorative of their triumph over adversity. In designing AWEs inaugural collection, I leveraged both my creative expertise and industry contacts to create a medallion that both symbolizes the resilience of survivors and is crafted to last a lifetime.

What have the highlights and challenges been during your tenure at AWE?

AWE is built around our mission of gifting and giving back. We create meaningful gifts that honor, unite, and celebrate the triumphs of survivors, and donate 20% of each sale to one of our four charity partners. Our mission-driven, luxury-goods business model is largely new to the market, which has been a challenge, and necessitates a certain level of market education.

However, creating a community that unites and empowers survivors who have turned adversity into opportunity has been one of the most rewarding and fulfilling experiences of my life! The fact that we have been able to connect those in need with those who have triumphed is a signal to me that this is something the world needs. The organic community response to our mission has been deeply moving.

What advice can you offer to women who want a career in your industry?

The jewelry industry has evolved dramatically since I started 35 years ago. Back then bridal jewelry encapsulated the industry. Nowadays modern, empowered women are purchasing jewelry for themselves and others, and there is a growing appreciation for craft, design and meaning as millennials chose brands that are a true reflection of their lifestyle and values. In addition, e-commerce is completely disrupting the jewelry purchasing experience.

My advice to young professionals interested in the jewelry industry:

What is the most important lesson youve learned in your career to date?

Know what you're good at. My expertise is in jewelry sales and manufacturing: I understand the manufacturing process, supply chain, design trends, and pricing strategy. Now through AWE Im using this skill-set to accomplish my goal of giving back. Its important to remind yourself of your accomplishments and push yourself to grow further in the professional areas youre passionate about.

How do you maintain a work/life balance?

I believe finding balance is about dedication, consistency and accepting that its not an easy process! My time is currently split between my two businesses: the one I've run for 28 years and my startup AWE. Additionally, its always been important for me to dedicate time with my sons, my greatest sources of joy and inspiration.

To accomplish this I physically schedule out my time--including the things I need to do and want to do--on an elaborate system of post-its, and I stick to it! I've learned to prioritize my physical and mental health by incorporating them into my daily routine. I go to gyrotonic three times a week and schedule my mornings around it. I meditate before work for greater mental clarity.

What do you think is the biggest issue for women in the workplace?

Women face a number of issues in the workplace today (from combatting biases to gender inequality), and often lack support in dealing with them. On top of that women are searching for ways to have it all: a successful career, a healthy and stable family, physical and mental well-being, and some semblance of a social life. Often somethings gotta give, which is unfair because its not usually that way for men.

When adversity like illness or trauma takes women off their course, it can be especially devastating, which is why it is central to AWEs mission to elevate stories of empowerment and support organizations that provide immediate aid to those in need.

My advice to women is to support one another in the workplace when it comes to both personal and professional goals! In doing this we become united, and that can only make us stronger.

How has mentorship made a difference in your professional and personal life?

My late uncle was my most stable guiding figure through the early years of my career. When I turned 18 I moved from St. Paul, Minnesota to New York City and worked multiple jobs on 47th Street in the Diamond District to pay for my education. My uncle, who owned a dozen womens retail clothing stores in Minnesota, would take me along to his Market Week appointments in NYC, educating me on buying and negotiation. We would attend these meetings throughout the day and Broadway shows at night, a ritual I continue to this day with my son who lives in New York.

My uncle encouraged me to take all I learned from the New York jewelry industry back to Minneapolis and start Jilco. He instilled in me a strong sense of self, a confidence to go after what I want, and a compassionate leadership style.

Which other female leaders do you admire and why?

Michelle Obama inspires me with her grace, intelligence, and drive. She leveraged her position of power to make unprecedented impact in areas like health education and promotion of the arts. Moreover she effected change through compassionate and respectful rhetoric, reminding me to be the kindest leader I can be.

Ive always been fascinated by Frida Khalo. Her life was tumultuous to say the least, but she turned her hardships into inspiration. She broke gender barriers in the art world and explored the concept of gender through her paintings in a way that was uniquely feminine. I admire her fierce individualism and sense of personal style.

What do you want AWE to accomplish in the next year?

If we succeed in our mission, AWE will change the conversation around survivorship to one that is more empowering and inclusive, build a platform and community for inspiration, and directly impact the lives of survivors in need through our meaningful donations.

We hope that people will choose AWE as a lifelong symbol of strength, hope and resilience, which is everlasting and powerful by design. This next year we are focused on building out the respective areas of our business so we can maximize our impact in a scalable and sustainable way.

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Women in Business Q&A: Jill Johnson, Founder, Jilco Inc - HuffPost

FanGirl opens at The Southern, exploring issues of identity, transformation and personal power – Charleston Post Courier

An art exhibit by Dorothy Netherland opens Thursday at The Southern, 2 Carlson Ct., exploring issues of identity, transformation and personal power from the context of being a mother of a teenage daughter.

Netherland's art coalesces photographs of her daughter's face with bodies from fashion magazines and then overloads imagery. These creations are inspired by the complexities and contradictions involved in crafting an identity in the modern age.

Inspirations include constantly shifting perceptions, seeking validation through online self-documentation and both the empowerment and anxiety involved in this self-documentation.

My daughter is in a time of life which is so open to possibility, and her ideas about her identity as separate from her parents is still forming," says Netherland. "Identity is complex and multi-faceted, and social media allows us to try out multiple personas. Girls today are aware of it as a power tool and means of self-expression.

But, like fashion, which constantly changes, its a challenge to stay relevant and fresh ... Im interested in the mixed messages of girl power and the way female strength and empowerment can resemble branding. In a personal way, my work contemplates the current culture, and my daughters growing involvement in it.

The opening reception takes place from 6-8 p.m. Thursday.

Reach Kalyn Oyerat 843-371-4469. Follow her on Twitter @sound_wavves.

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FanGirl opens at The Southern, exploring issues of identity, transformation and personal power - Charleston Post Courier

As shootings soar, Chicago police use technology to predict crime – Reuters

CHICAGO (Reuters) - In a control room at a police headquarters on Chicago's South Side, officers scan digital maps on big screens to see where a computer algorithm predicts crime will happen next.

Thrust into a national debate over violent crime and the use of force by officers, police in the third-largest U.S. city are using technology to try to rein in a surging murder rate.

And while commanders recognize the new tools can only ever be part of the solution, the number of shootings in the 7th District from January through July fell 39 percent compared with the same period last year. The number of murders dropped by 33 percent to 34. Citywide, the number of murders is up 3 percent at 402.

Three other districts where the technology is fully operational have also seen between 15 percent and 29 percent fewer shootings, and 9 percent to 18 percent fewer homicides, according to the department's data.

The community is starting to see real change in regards to violence, said Kenneth Johnson, the 7th District commander.

Cities like Philadelphia, San Francisco, Milwaukee, Denver, Tacoma, Washington, and Lincoln, Nebraska have tested the same or similar technologies.

The techniques being used in Chicago's 7th District's control room, one of six such centers opened since January as part of a roughly $6 million experiment, are aimed at complimenting traditional police work and are part of a broader effort to overhaul the force of some 12,500 officers."We are not saying we can predict where the next shooting is going to occur," said Jonathan Lewin, chief of the Chicago Police Department's Bureau of Technical Services. "These are just tools. They are not going to replace (officers)."

The department's efforts come after a Justice Department investigation published in January found officers engaged in racial discrimination and routinely violated residents' civil rights.

That probe followed street protests triggered by the late 2015 release of a video showing a white police officer fatally shooting black teenager Laquan McDonald a year earlier.

Some critics of the department fear the technology could prove a distraction from confronting what they say are the underlying issues driving violence in the city of 2.7 million.

"Real answers are hard," said Andrew Ferguson, a law professor at the University of the District of Columbia who has written a book on police technology. "They involve better education, better economic opportunity, dealing with poverty and mental illness."

Chicago's recent rash of shootings - 101 people were shot over the Independence Day weekend alone - prompted President Donald Trump to bemoan the response of city leaders to the bloodshed, and Attorney General Jeff Sessions to describe some of its areas as "killing fields."

One of the technologies being used in the 7th District is HunchLab, a predictive policing program made by Philadelphia-based company Azavea. It combines crime data with factors including the location of local businesses, the weather and socioeconomic information to forecast where crime might occur. The results help officers decide how to deploy resources.

Another is the Strategic Subject's List, a database of individuals likely to be involved in shootings that was developed by the Illinois Institute of Technology.

Police are tight-lipped about how it is compiled, saying only that the algorithm looks at eight factors including gang affiliation and prior drug arrests to assign people a number between 0 and 500. A higher number reflects higher risk.

They are also using the gunfire detection system made by ShotSpotter Inc (SSTI.O), which uses sensors to locate the source of gunshots. Police officials declined, however, to say how many such devices were installed in the 7th District.

"We can't give away the kitchen sink and tell them all of our secrets," district commander Johnson said.

Reporting by Timothy Mclaughlin; Editing by Ben Klayman and Lisa Shumaker

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As shootings soar, Chicago police use technology to predict crime - Reuters

Google Is Developing Technology for Snapchat-Like Media Content – Wall Street Journal (subscription)


Wall Street Journal (subscription)
Google Is Developing Technology for Snapchat-Like Media Content
Wall Street Journal (subscription)
Google is developing technology to let publishers create visual-oriented media content along the lines of Snapchat's Discover, according to people familiar with the situation, upping the ante in a race among tech giants to dominate news dissemination ...
Google tests publishing tech similar to Snapchat: sourceReuters
Insiders say Google was interested in buying Snap for at least $30 billion last yearBusiness Insider

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Google Is Developing Technology for Snapchat-Like Media Content - Wall Street Journal (subscription)

Browns D happy with progress but itching for more turnovers – ClevelandBrowns.com

Jamie Collins has felt great in his first training camp with the Browns but somethings been missing.

Hue Jackson has been on the lookout for it, too.

Getting the ball out, Collins said. I cant get the ball out enough.

Collins, who is one of the best in the league at popping the ball out and doing something with it when he gets his hands on it, was speaking for himself, but the Browns defense as a whole is echoing the same mantra.

See ball, get ball has been heard countless times from defensive coordinator Gregg Williams, but the Browns defense isnt close to satisfied with how many times its followed through with the edict. At Fridays Orange and Brown Scrimmage, the defense nabbed one interception, when undrafted free agent J.D. Harmon came away with a jump ball thrown by wide receiver Corey Coleman, but felt like there were more for the taking.

Just trying to get to the ball a little more and creating more turnovers, defensive back Joe Haden said. We didnt have too many strips or interceptions so that is something else that we need to work on. Besides that, the tackling was really good and the communication was really good.

Its one of the main reasons why Clevelands defense feels good about what its accomplished thus far but, as Myles Garrett said Friday, is nowhere near satisfaction.

Simply put, the Browns want to force way more turnovers than they did last season, when they ranked 30th in total takeaways with 10 interceptions and three forced fumbles. The Browns turnover margin of minus-12 was 29th while five of the leagues top six were playoff teams.

All 10 of those interceptions came from cornerbacks, something the team would like to see diversified a bit in the upcoming season. Haden, who had three of them while dealing with multiple injuries, believes hell personally help pad the total after a training camp at which turnovers are emphasized the moment he parks his car at the Berea facility.

Just trying to be locked in and just trying to play my coverage. When I am in good shape, make sure to get my head around and create turnovers that is the biggest thing. Just trying to get the ball back to the offense. I feel like with my playmaking skills, when I know I am in good shape, being able to get my head around.

At the start of camp, as he evaluated the quarterback competition and offense as a whole, Browns coach Hue Jackson was thrilled with the lack of turnovers. Following the first off day of camp, a thorough analysis of the film gave him mixed feelings because, well, hes the coach of the entire team, not just the offense. He wanted to see more turnovers, even if it meant the competing quarterbacks were throwing them.

Later that day, the defense delivered with interceptions to end back-to-back two-minute drills.

We just have to come up with more turnovers, Jackson said. That is what we are stressing. That is what we are after.

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Browns D happy with progress but itching for more turnovers - ClevelandBrowns.com

Trubisky making steady progress in camp – Chicago Bears – ChicagoBears.com

Bears rookie quarterback Mitch Trubisky has steadily improved throughout training camp, but the second overall pick in the draft remains a work in progress.

The biggest area has been just understanding the offense, understanding what defenses look like, to start to be able to read coverages, said offensive coordinator Dowell Loggains. Its a lot for a guy who has never taken a snap in pads under center.

Bears rookie quarterback Mitch Trubisky has been focusing on pre-snap reads in practice.

Trubisky, who worked primarily out of the shotgun at North Carolina, is gaining valuable experience in camp against coordinator Vic Fangios defense.

Coach Fangio does a great job and runs more coverages than anyone in the NFL, Loggains said. So to see [Trubisky] get exposure to all that and be able to get as many reps as hes gotten has been tremendous.

The Bears traded up one spot in the draft to select Trubisky at No. 2, the franchises highest pick since 1951 when Notre Dame quarterback Bob Williams was also chosen second. Last year Trubisky set North Carolina passing records in his only season as a starter with 447 attempts, 304 completions, 3,748 yards and 30 touchdowns.

At North Carolina, Trubisky lined up and called protections based on signals from the sideline. With the Bears, protections are called in the huddle and can be changed at the line of scrimmage. Those pre-snap progressions may be the biggest adjustment the Bears' quarterback of the future faces as a rookie.

Loggains discussed other key topics while speaking to the media Friday for the first time since the Bears reported to training camp July 26.

On starting quarterback Mike Glennons comfort level:

Just being able to go through OTAs and go through the offseason and then having four or five weeks to study on his own. He organized a trip to Florida and that was a great experience for the guys. You feel a difference in the chemistry and those guys being able to communicate with each other. They got to know each others personalities. I think Mike is more comfortable now speaking to those guys.

On that chemistry paying dividends on the field:

I think Mike has an understanding of where a receiver is supposed to be, when hes going to get there, because each guy is different. We talked earlier about developing chemistry. Some of that comes from learning what your guy does well and what his strengths are.

On progress of offense in general:

Weve been pleased to this point with all three quarterbacks. [Receiver] Cam Meredith has become a much better practice player and has a good feel for the offense. Each guy has grown a little bit with the tight ends, the new guys. We do have a lot of new guys. Last year our offensive captains were Jay Cutler and Alshon Jeffery. Theyre gone. So theres an opportunity for a lot of the young guys to step up and were excited about those guys.

On rookie tight end Adam Shaheen:

Im really pleased with him so far with what hes done, especially in the passing game. Coming from a smaller school we knew that the biggest adjustment would be in the run blocking and pass protection. Hes done a nice job to this point.

On the impact of veteran receivers Victor Cruz, Kendall Wright and Markus Wheaton, all of whom were signed as free agents:

The No. 1 thing that has shown up is that this group is starting to hold each other accountable. They get on each other. Victor, Kendall and Wheaton, theyve done it at high levels and had a lot of production. They do help Kevin [White]. They do help Cam and the quarterbacks. They have difference experience they bring to the room which was a really young room.

On Wright, who played for Loggains with the Titans:

He has football savvy. When you look at himand he wont mind me saying thishes not fast. He has unbelievable lean. He just has a great feel to run twist routes and option routes and be able to get open and sit in zones. Thats what always has made him a good slot and a productive player in this league.

On White, who has missed 28 of 32 games due to injuries in his first two NFL seasons:

The biggest challenge for Kev is just being able to get out there and play and be able to play and stack multiple good days together. Its just getting those reps. Hes missed a lot. The growing experience, he might have got it mentally. But he needs to go out there and experience that and feel what its like to go against a press corner. Its been a long time since hes had an opportunity to do that and run the whole route tree. Weve got to figure out, Hey, this is what Kev does well. And maybe its everything. Maybe its seven or eight routes. Maybe its three or four. But we have to figure out what that is.

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Rwanda’s Kagame Has Ushered In Peace And Progress, And Crushed Dissent – NPR

Rwandan President Paul Kagame greets the crowd after addressing supporters at the closing rally of the presidential campaign in the capital, Kigali, this week. Marco Longari/AFP/Getty Images hide caption

Rwandan President Paul Kagame greets the crowd after addressing supporters at the closing rally of the presidential campaign in the capital, Kigali, this week.

Updated at 7:15 a.m. ET Saturday

Some people walked hours to get to Shyira. They trekked down the steep hills that surround the small town in northern Rwanda last month not only to celebrate Liberation Day, but to get a close view of the country's president, Paul Kagame.

As music rose from the speakers, Kagame emerged from the behind the stage, a small man wearing his trademark black rim glasses.

The crowd went wild they waved; they sang; they screamed. At least there, you would be hard-pressed to find any detractors.

Angelique Nakure said Kagame has built schools and hospitals and he would do even more if he wins a third term.

"Kagame is the best president," Nakure said.

In Rwanda, many consider 59-year-old Kagame a national hero. He's the man who, 23 years ago, rallied a beleaguered group of rebels and marched into the capital Kigali to oust the government. While the international community just watched, his troops ended a genocide that killed some 800,000 people.

Kagame won 98 percent of the vote in Friday's election, with 80 percent of the votes counted, the electoral commission said.

His victory was widely expected.

But as he nears two decades in power, Kagame is in the midst of a mixed legacy: that of a leader who has ushered in peace, stability and progress and that of a brute with little patience for dissent.

"People have a reason to fear"

Frank Habineza, a 40-year-old politician, has tried for years to run for president as the candidate for the Democratic Green Party. But he says the government citing security concerns had blocked him from registering his party. This was the first election in which the Green Party was recognized, and Habineza made it on the ballot.

Sitting in his small office in Kigali, he says one should be very skeptical of what one hears on the streets of Rwanda.

"Rwandans are afraid of their government," he says.

When he tried to run for president in 2010, his deputy ended up dead and two of his colleagues ended up in jail. Fearing for his life, Habineza went into exile.

"We are beaten, our people imprisoned, others exiled," he says. "So basically, when people see all that, people have a reason to fear."

It's also not just political repression. Recently, Human Rights Watch issued a report that found Rwandan security services deal with petty crimes ruthlessly. The group found that one man was shot three times for allegedly stealing a cow; another was executed by the military for stealing bananas.

That version of Rwanda is definitely not what you see on the surface. Under Kagame's tenure, Rwanda has made significant strides toward becoming a middle-income society.

Roads are paved; streets are lit. The GDP has grown more than 1,000 percent since the genocide; life expectancy has shot up, from 28 years during the genocide to 64 years in 2015, and Rwanda has become one of the least corrupt countries on the continent. It's a place where all state employees post their supervisor's cellphone outside their office, and public officials are fired if they don't meet the stated goals in their performance contracts.

"Kagame has put Rwanda on another map today," says Albert Rudatsimburwa, a political analyst and an unapologetic fan of Kagame. "When he took over, he transformed a whole defeat into a success story."

Rudatsimburwa thinks Kagame is misunderstood. To him, Kagame is the last liberation leader on the continent, following in the footsteps of Yoweri Museveni in Uganda and Robert Mugabe in Zimbabwe.

"Except Kagame has learned from their mistakes," Rudatsimburwa says.

The political analyst is certain that Kagame doesn't plan to stay in power as long as Museveni or Mugabe, who has been in power for 37 years. But he says that Kagame also understands that Rwanda is fragile, still recovering from the kinds of tribal divisions that led to the 1994 genocide. Demanding the same kinds of freedoms that mature democracies enjoy, he says, is naive.

"Those democracies are based on an accumulated wealth that makes things run anyway so that people can play political games," he says. "This is not where Africa is and certainly not Rwanda."

"We deserve freedom"

Diane Rwigara, a 35-year-old accountant turned politician, lives in nearly the same neighborhood as the presidential palace.

A tall concrete wall surrounds her house, and when this reporter arrives, she asks if she can borrow his phone. She says she can't call friends from her phone line anymore because they're afraid they'll be linked to her.

"In Rwanda, you are guilty by association," she says.

Rwigara tried to run for president, but she says the government first shamed her by leaking naked photos of her and then put up insurmountable procedural hurdles.

For example, she had to collect signatures from supporters across the country to get on the ballot. But she says state security agents would show up beforehand and intimidate people. She says they told supporters it was treason to support her campaign.

"It's very dangerous," she says. "But the truth of the matter is people are tired. People are ready for change."

President Kagame declined NPR's request for an interview, but during a recent press conference he was asked directly about Rwigara's allegations.

He chuckled and then issued a couched condemnation.

"Let me assume what you are saying is correct," he said. "If anybody was denied their rights, it's absolutely wrong."

Rwigara says she is sure, if an election were free and fair, she could be president. She wants Rwandans to be able to question government policies. She says she wants Rwandans to be able to express views on simple things like whether farmers should be able to choose what crops they plant or whether the government should have spent millions building a state-of-the-art convention center.

"We deserve freedom," she says. "We're no different than any other human being. Like I said, that's just insulting to me to think that we need to be told what to say and what to do."

Kagame's re-election puts him in office for a third term. In 2015, 95 percent of Rwandans voted in favor of a constitutional amendment that extended the president's term limits. Under that new constitution, Kagame can serve until 2034.

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Rwanda's Kagame Has Ushered In Peace And Progress, And Crushed Dissent - NPR

Tennessee football: DT Shy Tuttle ‘continuing to progress’ from injury – SECcountry.com

KNOXVILLE, Tenn. With one Tennessee player announced out for the 2017 season, another one is making progress toward a return.

Coach Butch Jones announced right tackle Chance Hall would miss the season with a knee injury. However, defensive tackle Shy Tuttle took to the practice field Friday in full pads.

Shy is continuing to progress, Jones said. Hes working individual drills. He has not done any team activities, yet. He continues to progress and we are very encouraged so far.

RELATED: Tuttle still a leader despite injuries in eyes of D-line coach Brady Hoke

Although Tuttle may not be ready for the season opener against Georgia Tech on Sept. 4 in Atlanta, Jones said Tuttle has made strides in the right direction.

Hes maybe a little bit ahead of schedule, Jones said. Again, hes doing the individual drills. Hes doing some movement. You can see him getting better and better each day with his movements. Thats been the encouraging thing.

A tear in Tuttles right knee kept him from playing in the final five games of the 2016 season. Tuttle played in six games in the 2015 season before suffering a broken left fibula.

The injuries have not kept Tuttles spirits down according to Jones.

Its really encouraging when you get him out here in full pads today, and hes doing individual drills with teammates, Jones said. Its extremely encouraging. Hes worked very hard. So, you can see the excitement as well in his demeanor.

Tuttle can be a disruptive force on the defensive line when healthy. The junior has 19 tackles, 1 for a loss and two fumble recoveries in his career.

Fellow defensive linemen have taken notice of Tuttles progress in his rehab from injury.

Shy is doing great, Kendal Vickers said. He looks like hes getting back in shape, in football shape. Hes been looking like he can move on his knee and stuff like that. Im looking forward to getting him out there.

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Tennessee football: DT Shy Tuttle 'continuing to progress' from injury - SECcountry.com

Max Scherzer preparing to start Monday; Stephen Strasburg making progress – Washington Post

CHICAGO Max Scherzer arrived at Wrigley Field on Friday morning with the intention of throwing his first bullpen session since cutting his start Tuesdayto one inning. He didnt, but not because hes still dealing with major discomfort in his neck. Instead, Scherzer and the Nationals postponed the session until Saturday and the reigning National League Cy Young Award winner is preparing to start Monday in Washington against the Marlins.

We were like, we can just throw a bullpen tomorrow when Im truly 100 percent because Ive made progress every single day, and in 24 to 48 hours its going to be completely gone, Scherzer said. So no ones even concerned, really. Its just doing what we think is best to make the start on Monday.

Scherzer said he visited a chiropractor for an adjustment. Some residual stiffness remains, but he insisted it should be alleviated with medication and treatment in time for Monday. The Nationals wrestled with the idea of starting Scherzer on Sunday, which is his regular turn, butdecided not to.

An ace not missing a start is always uplifting news for a club, but its particularly vital for the Nationals given their rotation disorder. In addition to Scherzers early departure, Joe Ross was lost for the season, Stephen Strasburg is on the disabled list, and Gio Gonzalez isprepared to leave the club for the birth of his second child.

The muddle meant the Nationals werent ready to announce who would start Saturday and Sunday against the Cubs after Tanner Roark started Friday. Manager Dusty Baker provided clarity Friday morning, announcing that Edwin Jackson will start Saturday and Erick Fedde will get the ball Sunday.

Fedde was optioned Wednesday, but he will be recalled to replace Gonzalez on the roster when he goes on the paternity leave list. It will be his second career start; he allowed seven runs over four innings against the Rockies on Sunday.

Strasburgs return, however, remains unclear. The right-hander, who was placed on the disabled list on July 27 with a right elbow nerve impingement, said he was scheduled to throw a bullpen before Fridays game, but he didnt know when he would throw the simulated game Baker has said is planned for him. Strasburg revealed that he had an increasingly tough time recovering between starts before exiting after two innings against the Diamondbacks on July 23.

It was adding up, Strasburg said.

Strasburg, however, did say he has made significant progress in recent days, but with a 12-game division lead, the Nationals arent in any rush.

I feel better about it now than I did a few days ago, he said. But we want to make sure Im 100 percent. If this was the last game of the season, Id be out there. But we want to make sure Im right.

NATIONALS (63-43) Brian Goodwin CF Howie Kendrick LF Bryce Harper RF Daniel Murphy 2B Anthony Rendon 3B Adam Lind 1B Matt Wieters C Wilmer Difo SS Tanner Roark RHP

CUBS (57-50) Jon Jay CF Kris Bryant 3B Anthony Rizzo 1B Willson Contreras C Ben Zobrist 2B Kyle Schwarber LF Jason Heyward RF Javier Baez SS Kyle Hendricks RHP

More Nationals coverage

Fridays result:Bullpen delivers a 4-2 win over Cubs

Nationals place Romero on disabled list, recall Solis

An early look at a Nats-Cubs postseason matchup

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Max Scherzer preparing to start Monday; Stephen Strasburg making progress - Washington Post

Detroit Lions’ Tahir Whitehead happy with linebackers’ progress – Detroit Free Press

Free Press sports writers Dave Birkett and Shawn Windsor discuss what they saw from Lions rookies Kenny Golladay, Teez Tabor and Jarrad Davis and their expectations in Year 1 on Friday, Aug. 4, 2017 in training camp. Detroit Free Press

Lions linebacker Tahir Whitehead stretches at Ford Field, Saturday, Aug. 5, 2017 in Detroit.(Photo: Junfu Han, Detroit Free Press)

After the first week of training camp, the Detroit Lions' new-look linebacker corps is taking shape and making its mark literally, if you count the stick marks rookie Jarrad Davis has left on offensive players during padded practices.

I think as a group weve been doing a great job of really pushing each to get better, linebacker Tahir Whitehead said. I think we have depth. That and itself and just challenging each other is going to definitely make the group better.

The linebackers are charged with a lot. They have to simultaneously support the run defense and pass coverage. The Lions ranked 30th in the NFL with 26 sacks last season and, as Whitehead pointed, teams have to take holistic approach to rushing the passer.

More: Lions 1st-round pick Jarrad Davis living up to the hype

It definitely goes hand in hand, he said. Sometimes you need to give the defensive linemen a bit more time to get to the quarterback in order to get those sacks. The pass rush definitely frees up the back seven to get interceptions with rushed throws and everything. If the back seven takes care of everything in the pass, then its probably going to free up the defensive linemen to get to the quarterback.

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One issue Whitehead took umbrage with was the linebackers weakness last season against tight ends, who victimized the Lions early and often. According to Pro-football-reference.com, the Lions gave up nine touchdowns last season to tight ends, fifth worst in the NFL.

They get paid, too, Whitehead said. Guys go out there, they make plays. Weve made a bunch of plays against tight ends. Its not like they went out there and fried us up all year long.

So I wouldnt say thats anything alarming, by any means. You wont necessarily know what were playing, what coverage were playing, so I could care less what people think about our defense.

Contact Carlos Monarrez: cmonarrez@freepress.com. Follow him on Twitter @cmonarrez.

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Detroit Lions' Tahir Whitehead happy with linebackers' progress - Detroit Free Press

‘Not looking to go anywhere,’ Bears’ Vic Fangio to build on progress … – Chicago Sun-Times

BOURBONNAIS Defensive coordinator Vic Fangio is entering his third year with the Bears. Only two maybe three of his starters can say the same.

Theres a limit to the Bears sense of continuity entering a must-win season, but Fangio is hoping last season provided, at least for a while, a sense of momentum.

I thought for the most part we played hard, hung in there tough under adverse situations and were really, in some ways although the record sucked making progress, Fangio said Friday at Olivet Nazrene University. But then the last three games ... the dam broke on us.

The Bears allowed 109 points in those three games and lost by a combined 51 points.

Thanks to the team signing two new starting cornerbacks and at least one safety in the offseason, Fangio has reason for optimism though he wont say it.

When youre coming off 3-13, you dont have the right to predict anything, he said.

That includes his future.

Fangio is heading into the final year of the three-year contract he signed shortly after coach John Fox was hired. He said hes not worried about his life beyond this season.

Obviously, every year has an effect on what happens, good or bad, he said. Im just hopeful someone will want me next year, thats all.

Including the Bears?

Oh, yeah, oh, yeah. For sure. Oh, yeah, he said. Yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah. For sure. Im not looking to go anywhere.

Fangios continued presence thats six straight yeahs, for those keeping score would be a boon for the Bears. He has had a tremendous influence on Leonard Floyd, the Bears first-round pick from a year ago, who could be a Pro Bowl edge rusher as soon as this season.

Willie Young and Lamarr Houston each transitioned from defensive end during Fangios first year and are happy to see him taking a more hands-on approach with the position group he knows best, outside linebacker.

When you have the guy who invented all of this giving you that information, its simplified, but its clearer, Young said. And that makes a big difference when you have a guy like myself transitioning from a 4-3.

Fangio said his outside linebacker focus hell work alongside first-year coach Brandon Staley, the position coach is nothing new. Before becoming a pro coordinator, he coached the Dome Patrol, the notorious Saints linebacker corps that sent four players to the Pro Bowl in 1992.

His secret: explaining to the players why theyre asked to do certain things.

I just like having it hands-on and hearing it come from my mouth, he said. They hear the whys and the reasons for everything we do.

Fangio said the Bears got a little spike in talent but know they need difference-makers. Hes not sure what to expect from Pernell McPhee, who started training camp on the physically unable-to-perform list and had arthroscopic surgery on his right knee.

Floyds main candidates to pop: Floyd, defensive linemen Eddie Goldman and Akiem Hicks and, he hopes, either cornerback Prince Amukamara or Marcus Cooper. If half of those players hit, the defense will be improved.

We stress knowing what to do, do it the right way, and play as hard as you can, he said. If were talented enough, well have good results, and thats it.

Follow me on Twitter@patrickfinley.

Email: pfinley@suntimes.com

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'Not looking to go anywhere,' Bears' Vic Fangio to build on progress ... - Chicago Sun-Times

The painful progress of Oklahoma City downtown street ‘improvements’ – NewsOK.com

The new Deep Deuce entry sign is seen on the Santa Fe Railroad bridge at the intersection of Robert S. Kerr and E.K. Gaylord in downtown Oklahoma City. [Photo by Chris Landsberger, The Oklahoman]

The Oklahoman's Steve Lackmeyer fielded questions from readers in Friday's OKC Central Live Chat. You can join Steve's Q&A's on Fridays at 9:30 a.m. and submit your questions about the happenings in and around downtown Oklahoma City. Below is an edited transcript of Friday's chat.

Q: Will road construction (in the name of progress) ever be completed? I don't think it will.

A: Downtown Oklahoma City street detours are the missing 10th level of Dante's Purgatory. We've endured Project 180 shutdowns and detours for the past several years and now we're seeing streets being torn up again to install the streetcar system.

I am impressed by the speed and consistency of work being done on the track installation. I've yet to see these contractors abandon job sites (something City Hall has tolerated for years both with Project 180 and jobs throughout the city).

Yet when it was lightly raining the other day, the streetcar folks were still out and working. The contractor doing the Project 180 makeover of nearby E.K. Gaylord was nowhere to be seen.

We are set to see Bricktown tracks finished pretty soon. I have no faith in the completion dates provided to date for finishing the Project 180 work along E.K. Gaylord.

Q: What do you think is the most likely fate for the Buy for Less building at NW 23 and Penn? That remaining vacant and the apartment building on the north side of their parking lot are major detractors for that area.

A: Yeah, big win for the owners not doing a deal to keep Buy For Less in place and instead ending up with a decaying empty grocery store and crumbling parking lot.

Q: The Deep Deuce sign looks great! I am so glad it was funded. What other projects could we crowd source to make happen sooner?

A: The Deep Deuce sign at NE 2 facing E.K. Gaylord provides the district a much-needed gateway, but more is needed. And we thankfully have Downtown Oklahoma City Inc. to make these things a reality.

Give the Deep Deuce folks some credit they got the ball rolling by crowdfunding $6,200 for the sign, which then was matched with $14,000 provided by the downtown business improvement district managed by Downtown Oklahoma City Inc. That funding will include some future lighting and art under the railway viaduct bridge.

Jill DeLozier, vice president of Downtown Oklahoma City Inc. confirms any art project done in the viaduct will likely involve a light installation to reflect the desire of the Deep Deuce Business Alliance to do something different from the murals painted along the viaducts in neighboring Bricktown.

As an aside, DeLozier said the Main Street viaduct as of this morning is confirmed to get the next viaduct mural.

So, what could we crowdfund into reality? I would love to see an outdoor exhibit showing Deep Deuce's great history of music (Charlie Christian, Blue Devils, Jimmy Rushing, all the great visiting performers like Count Basie and Cab Calloway) and of course, the legendary author and native son Ralph Ellison.

Q: I saw your article about the development of NW 13 and Western by Shyon Keoppel and I think it will be a great segue to get more people interested in the Classen 10 Penn area. What other developments do you know of happening in the area that will have an impact?

A: A New York developer has acquired much of the land between Classen, Western, NW 9 and NW 12. But I see no signs of any imminent move forward with it. The Oklahoma City Public School system will either make or break the area with how it handles the sale of its former headquarters at 900 N Klein Ave.

If they sell the property to the highest bidder as they did in the past and award it to a slumlord, this could be a huge deterrent to the area's long-term success.

Q: Why is the city wanting to build a new parking garage near the civic center with the new Arts Parking Garage only at 53 percent? Is the thought process that it will be near capacity by the time the new parking garage is built?

A: The city is not building this garage. The garage is being developed by the private police association, which has several surface parking lots in the area.

The association originally wanted to build the garage where the old police headquarters is set to be torn down. This site makes a lot more sense, but the association could not get a deal done with City Hall. I've yet to get a good explanation as to why.

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The painful progress of Oklahoma City downtown street 'improvements' - NewsOK.com