How to watch the Perseid Meteor shower, one of Earth’s most spectacular shows – The Independent

The cosmic magic of the annual Perseid Meteor shower is one of the heavens most dependable light shows.

Each summer, as the earth passes through a stream of debris left in the wake of the Swift-Tuttle comet, the night skies are lit up by as many as 150 shooting stars streaking overhead per hour.

The celestial spectacle is forecast to be especially dazzling this weekend, in particular on the night of 12-13 August, when the Earth passes through a particularly dense patch of the comets trailing fragments.

The Swift-Tuttle comet orbits the sun every 135 years, but unlike the planets it has an almost vertical orbit.

Each year as the Earth completes its orbit, it ploughs through a tail of dust and ice left behind by the comet.

The meteors themselves are usually no larger than a grain of sand, but when they crash into the Earths atmosphere they are travelling at over one hundred thousand miles per hour, or 60 kilometres per second.

As they burn up they can appear green, white and orange.

The Perseids are so named because from Earth they appear to originate from the constellation Perseus, which is in the north east of the night sky.

But observers are advised to look in the opposite direction for maximum viewing pleasure, where they will see the zooming space rubble flying for longer, away from the bright light of the waning gibbous moon.

Provided conditions are favourable, most people with a patch of dark sky available should be able to witness the shower.

There is no need for binoculars or expensive telescopes as the best way to spot a shooting star is to maintain as wide a field of vision over the sky as possible.

For the clearest view of the whooshing sparkle dust, find a dark site away from artificial light, and with as large a view of the sky as possible.

Robin Scagell, vice president of the Society for Popular Astronomy, told the Press Association: There was one rogue report that said it was going to be the most impressive display for 96 years or some other rubbish.

But the numbers are going to be quite good. We can look forward to a decent display, even though they aren't going to be raining down from the sky.

The Perseids can be very bright and often quite spectacular. Some meteor showers are slow, but we are moving into the Perseid stream so they are coming at us quite swiftly.

I think under good conditions you might see one or two a minute, probably more towards Sunday morning rather than Saturday.

He added: You could see none at all for a few minutes and then two or three. You might be lucky or unlucky. That's the way with meteors.

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How to watch the Perseid Meteor shower, one of Earth's most spectacular shows - The Independent

Poole Comets beaten by Newport in dramatic finale – Bournemouth Echo

POOLE Comets suffered a dramatic 88-87 defeat in an incident-packed clash against Newport at the Harbourside Racetrack.

With the South Wales outfit bolstered by the inclusion of international stars Ben Mould, Mark Carmichael and Jack Harrold, the chances of a home win looked slim.

Newport dominated the early races to lead 37-32 after seven races, but Comets then turned the contest around with Matty Ganczarek and Dean Hook racing home to win heat eight and Ben Tinsdale and Ben Donahue repeating the feat in heat nine to open a slender 46-42 lead in Pooles favour at the interval.

Comets kept the pressure on early in the second half to extend their advantage to 11 points, but heat 13 was to prove unlucky for the Poole side with Wil Bristowe earning a hotly-contested exclusion to let Newport back into the match.

Two shared heats moved the score to 76-70 in favour of the hosts before the most controversial flashpoint of the incident packed afternoon.

Newports Adam Bennett came to grief in an all-out tussle with Fraser Garnett, and in a fit of displeasure, threw his crash helmet into the crowd and walked across the track in front of oncoming riders.

He failed to collect a point and was fortunate not to receive a red card from match referee Mike Legge.

With only two races remaining, Poole looked to be heading for a surprise victory, but the visitors were far from finished with Harrold holding off Comets skipper Dean Hook, to allow his partner Dan Bock through for a 7-3 win.

Ben Mould then pulled the same trick on Ganczarek on the final lap of the match to allow his partner Carmichael through for a maximum heat win, which sent the Welsh side into raptures.

POOLE 87: Jay Briggs 14, Fraser Garnett 13, Maciej Ganczarek 17, Dean Hook 12, Ben Tinsdale 12, Wil Bristow 9, Ben Donohue 7, Callum Smith 3.

NEWPORT 88: Chris Davies 10, Mark Carmichael 15, Jack Harrold 10, Adam Bennett 11, Ben Mould 18, Dan Bock 10, Joe Lewis 9, Dale Clark 5.

Long-time Poole Comets supporter Sue Bradford presented a cheque for 223 to the club of behalf of Community Matters - a fund-raising project at Waitrose in Parkstone.

Accepting the cheque, Colin Rowles said: We would like to thank Sue for her help and support of the club. Without people like Sue and the staff at Waitrose, this club would not be the success it is.

The money will be put towards clubroom and track circuit upgrading during the close season.

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Poole Comets beaten by Newport in dramatic finale - Bournemouth Echo

Two-A-Days: Grand Ledge Comets – WLNS

GRAND LEDGE, Mich (WLNS) Our fifth stop of this week takes us to Grand Ledge High School a program that is not exactly laying in the weeds.

Coach Matt Bird has a perennial power at the Ledge the Comets are the defending CAAC Blue champions and they are stocked with talent and numbers, 57 players on varsity this year.

Grand Ledge has lost just four games in two years with a tough schedule.

No different this year, the first two games are against Hudsonville and DeWitt.

Matt Bird has dinner with his quarterback every night because his quarterback is his son, Nolan Bird, one of the top players in the area and now a senior.

Im very excited, learned a lot from last year. I was trying to perfect everything but this year Im just having fun and I think the 2 classes realize that this year and the off-season was fun and Im just excited to get started now.

Long time coming, it always feels like the summer moves a little too fast but everything up to that point you know youre just kind of waiting and waiting and this group has been a fun group to be around so theyve uh created a different type of energy for us as a staff and with each other and its been a lot of fun. The Comets have a little more motivation to look forward to the season opener August 24th against Hudsonville. They are getting a new look to the football stadium and this week the new turf is being installed. Grand Ledge has revamped its stadium and this is the field turf they are going to after playing on a grass field for years. Its been in the talking stage for about 5 years and now the dream is reality.

We welcome thoughts and comments from our viewers. We ask that everyone keep their remarks civil and respectful. Postings that contain profanity, racist, or potentially libelous remarks will be deleted. We will delete any commercial postings, as well.

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Kim Kardashian’s Psoriasis, And 3 Other Celebrities With Chronic Skin Condition – Medical Daily

August is Psoriasis Awareness Month, and although the autoimmune conditionaffects 7.5 million people in the United States, those who live with itoften feel isolated and alone. Celebrities with the chronic skin condition are in thepublic eyemore than most, but that spotlight also helps them show that many people, even the rich and famous, strugglewith the emotional and physical pain that comes with psoriasis.

According to Psoriasis Speaks, the condition is a chronic immune system disease that causes a number of skin problems such as red, thick, and itchy patches. The condition can also affect the nails, genitals, inside of the mouth, and the joints, the American Academy of Dermatology reported. Here are four celebrities who have been open abouttheir struggle.

Kim Kardashian is one of the most well-known celebrities to be vocal about herpsoriasis. Not only has the starlet documented her struggle on her reality TV show "Keeping Up With The Kardashians,"but she also shares photos of her outbreaks on social media.

Read: Natural Psoriasis Treatments: Which Alternative Therapies Do And Don't Work

I don't even really try to cover it that much anymore,"she wrote on her app KimKardashianWest.com. Sometimes I just feel like it's my big flaw and everyone knows about it, so why cover it?

Model-turned-actress Cara Delevingne has also spoken about her struggles with psoriasis, and how the condition has affectedher professional life.

I have been able to meet a lot of people who have it, which is good, explained Delevingne, PerezHilton.com reported. People dont talk about it, because its a weird and embarrassing thing, but it can really screw you up for life if you dont deal with it properly. The side effects of dealing with it are not pretty."

In recent years,Girls Just Wanna Have Fun singer Cyndi Lauper has teamed up with The National Psoriasis Foundation to speak out aboutherphysical, emotional, and social struggles with the skin condition.

"I'm not talking about it because I feel sorry for myself. I'm talking about it because no one talks about it. I didn't understand until I met people from The National Psoriasis Foundation and they brought two other people who had suffered their whole life with it, said Lauper, The National Psoriasis Foundation reported. And what they told me was really kind of moving, that nobody really talks about it and a lot of times you feel alone. I know I felt alone"

Country singer LeAnn Rimes was diagnosed with psoriasis at age 2, and at one point the condition covered 80 percent of her body, Healthline reported. She strives to manage the condition with diet, exercise, and advice from her dermatologist.

People always used to compliment me on my skin, how beautiful it was, and I'd think, if you only knew what was underneath my shirt or my long dress! she told Everyday Health in an interview. As a little girl, it was like, Im not pretty, Im not normal. But you learn very quickly where beauty comes from.

There is no cure forpsoriasis, but there are diets and treatments that can help keep flare-ups to a minimum. For example, making sure you keep skin moisturized and wrapped up during a flare-up can help to minimize its severity. For more psoriasis tips click here.

See Also:

Psoriasis Treatment: 5 Natural Ways To Alleviate The Skin Disorder At Home

Psoriasis Facts And Myths: 5 Things To Know About Misunderstood Immune Disease

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Kim Kardashian's Psoriasis, And 3 Other Celebrities With Chronic Skin Condition - Medical Daily

Premier League 2017/18: Final table predicted by super computer … – Daily Star

THE Premier League returns this week, but who will be crowned champions next May? A super computer may have the answer.

THE Premier League returns this week, but who will be crowned champions next May? A super computer may have the answer.

1 / 21

Super computer predicts final 2017/18 Premier League table where will your team finish?

English football fans will be delighted to see top flight action return after the long summer break.

Following Arsenals clash with Leicester last night, there are some mouthwatering matches to look forward to over the course of the weekend.

Liverpool travel to Vicarage Road for the first of Saturdays matches, before Manchester City face newly-promoted Brighton in the late kick-off.

Well also get to see Manchester United in action against West Ham tomorrow at Old Trafford.

Theres so much to look forward to this year, with the 2017/18 season promising to be one of the most competitive in living memory.

And, earlier this week - before any Premier League games had taken place - talkSPORT fired up their super computer to predict where each team will finish in the final standings.

So where does it reckon your side will end up?

Click through the gallery above to see the super computers predicted final Premier League table.

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Premier League 2017/18: Final table predicted by super computer ... - Daily Star

Stem Cell Therapy Selectively Targets and Kills Cancerous Tissue – Anti Aging News

1809 1 Posted on Aug 11, 2017, 6 a.m.

Researchers have created a method to kill cancerous tissue without causing the harmful side effects of chemotherapy.

Medical researchers at the University of California, Irvine have created a stem cell-based method to zero in on cancerous tissue. This method kills the cancerous tissue without causing the nasty side effects of chemotherapy. Such side effects are avoided by treating the disease in a more localized manner. The advancement was spearheaded by associate professor of pharmaceutical sciences Weian Zhao. The details of the stem cell therapy were recently published in Science Translational Medicine.

About the new Stem Cell Therapy

Zhao's team programmed stem cells derived from human bone marrow to pinpoint the specific properties of cancerous tissue. They implemented a portion of code to these engineered cells to identify stiff cancerous tissue, lock onto it and implement therapeutics. The researchers safely used this new stem cell therapy in mice to kill metastatic breast cancer that had moved to the lungs. They transplanted these engineered stem cells in order for the teamto pinpoint and settle in the site of the tumor.

Once the stem cells reached the tumor, they released enzymes referred to as cytosine deaminase. The mice were then provided with an inactive chemotherapy known as prodrug 5-flurocytosine. The tumor enzymes stimulated the chemotherapy into action. Zhao stated his team zeroed in on metastatic cancer that occurs when the disease moves to additional parts of the body. Metastatic tumors are especially dangerous. They are responsible for90 percent of all cancer deaths.

Why the new Stem Cell Therapy is Important

Zhao is adamant his stem cell therapy represents an important newparadigm in the context of cancer therapy. Indeed, Zhao has blazed a trail in a new direction that others will likely follow in the years to come. It is possible his new stem cell therapy serves as an alternative and more effective means of treating cancer. This stem cell therapy will serve as an alternative to numerous forms of chemotherapy that typically have nasty side effects. Chemotherapy certainly kills plenty of growing cancer cells yet it can also harm healthy cells. The new type of treatment keys in on metastatic tissue that allows for the avoidance of the undesirable side effects produced by chemotherapy.

Though the published piece describing this stem cell therapy is centered on breast cancer metastases within thelungs, the method will soon be applicable to additional metastases. This is due to the fact that numerous solid tumors are stiffer than regular tissue. The new system does not force scientists to invest time and effort to pinpoint and create a brand new protein or genetic marker for each kind of cancer.

The Next Step

At this point in time, Zhao's team has performed pre-clinical animal studies to show the treatment is effective and safe. They plan to segue to human studies in the coming months and years. Zhao's team is currently expanding to additional types of cells such as cancer tissue-sensing and engineered immune system CAR-T (T cells) to treat metastasizing colon and breast cancers. Their goal is totransform this technology for the treatment of additional diseases ranging from diabetes to fibrosis and beyond.

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Stem cell therapy for heart failure gets a gold-standard trial – Salon

In the days after a heart attack, surviving patients and their loved ones can breathe a sigh of relief that the immediate danger is over but the scar tissue that forms during the long healing process can inflict lasting damage. Too often it restricts the hearts ability to fill properly between beats, disrupting rhythm and ultimately leading to heart failure. Yet a new possible treatment may help to revitalize an injured ticker.

A cadre of scientists and companies is now trying to prevent or reverse cardiac damage by infusing a cocktail of stem cells into weakened hearts. One company, Melbourne, Australiabased Mesoblast, is already in late-stage clinical trials, treating hundreds of chronic heart failure patients with stem cell precursors drawn from healthy donors hip bones. A randomized trial that includes a placebo group is scheduled to complete enrollment next year.

Mesoblasts earlier-stage trials, published in 2015 inCirculation Research, found that patients who received injections of its cell mixture had no further problems related to heart failure.

Promising results from the new trial would be a major step forward for a field that has long been criticized for studies that are poorly designed, incomplete or lack control-group comparisons, as well as for the peddling of unproved therapies in many clinics worldwide.

Another company, Belgium-based TiGenix, hopes to attack scar tissue before it forms by treating patients with a mixture of heart stem cells within seven days of a heart attack. This approach has just completed phase II trials, but no findings have yet been published.

There are still many unanswered questions about how stem cells typically derived from bones could help heal the heart. Leading theories suggest they may help fight inflammation, revitalize existing heart cells, or drive those cells to divide or promote new blood-vessel growth, says Richard Lee, leader of the cardiovascular program at the Harvard Stem Cell Institute. Other stem cell scientists, including Joshua Hare, who conducted earlier-stage Mesoblast research and directs the Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute at the University of Miami, say the cells may work in multiple ways to heal scar tissue. According to Hare, the stem cells could ultimately be a truly regenerative treatment.

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Develop a ‘Spirituality of Time’ – Brazil Times

Develop a Spirituality of Time

I thought we were in the Back to School season this week, but, lo and behold, my local grocery store has Halloween ceramic porch decorations out! Another Christian bookstore, of all things, in Indianapolis had a whole wall full of Thanksgiving items for sale. Of course, giving thanks is very Biblical but this was specifically tailored to the Thanksgiving holiday with harvest scenes, pumpkins, turkeys, and pilgrims all giving thanks.

We as believers are going to have to be the ones to push back on this rush in our world today. There is an explosion of media, news and information at every turn in our lives. I play a word game on my phone and each time a turn is done I have to listen to a 5-second commercial. I read the line they put up on You Tube when I watch a video The video will start after the advertisement! We are inundated and even to find some silence will require a certain amount of discipline. And sometimes the early display of seasonal items makes us anxious.

You and I need to develop a Spirituality of Time that says our walk with the Lord is of the most importance in our lives. We do not need to join the fervent rush of life in the world in which we live. We can slow down knowing the Lord is leading and guiding us. We can know that the Lord is beside us to encourage us onward and upward to achieve our dreams, passions and our goals. And, best of all, we keep in mind the Footprints picture of only one set of footprints in the sand. That is the Lord carrying us when times are tough, when we struggle or strain in life. When we are in any kind of pain and when all seems lost the Lord carries us. And the Lord goes behind us to catch us when we fall! As Psalm 40: 1-3 says The Lord heard my cry, God reached down in the miry pit and took my hand and lifted me up. God set me on a solid rock and gave me a new song to sing for the Lord.

God hears our cry for silence, for slowing down, for our walk with the Lord. God honors our spirituality of time, as we push back against the press and stress of daily living. Let the Christmas dcor come out in the stores its okay. I need not feel anxious that I need to shop or hurry or worry. All time is Gods and I am Gods so together well work it out. One day at a time, one moment at a time throughout every season of time God is with us! Actually, that reminds, me! God with us is the definition of the word Emmanuel used in Matthews Gospel (1:23) as a name for Jesus. And the hymn Emmanuel is one we sing at Christmas time!

Pr. Doug Givan is a pastor in the ELCA (Lutheran) church and can be reached at douggivan@yahoo.com

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Vugt: Celebrating the Jubilee Year of Mercy in spirituality and health | SunStar – Sun.Star

LAST year in 1916, we celebrated the Jubilee Year of Mercy. We can ask the question Why I am still not healed? It is because of this question that todays challenge of loving ad forgiving is very difficult.

After all, from where does the grace to be merciful come, if not from the experience of being shown mercy through salvation from sin (sickness of the spirit) and through healing from decease (sickness of the body)? One of the psalms in the Bible contains this beautiful line, Have mercy on me, Lord, heal me, for I have sinned against you (Psalm 41:4). This verse is a plea following an admission of guilt. Amidst all the pain, grief and suffering, it is difficult to feel healed. Why?

There are steps to healing. Indeed, healing begins with awareness. This awareness must not only be limited to our own state of being but also come from our relationship with people, who are as much a part of us as our own body, mind and spirit.

As Jesus says in the Gospel, For if you forgive other people when they sin against you, your heavenly Father will also forgive you. But if you do not forgive others their sins, your Father will not forgive your sins (Matthew 6:14-14).

How are our relationships with people in our lives? In what areas do we need healing?

After awareness, another important step to healing is asking. To quote from Matthew 7:7, Ask, and it will be given to you; seek, and you will find; knock, and it will be opened to you. Ever since then until now, this has been Gods invitation to us.

Throughout the Gospel and wherever he went, Jesus would have sick people coming to him and then becoming healed. He showed how healing is a continuous process.

If at one point we wonder, Why am I still not healed?, then perhaps somewhere along the way, we have stopped asking. Or perhaps we have become all too aware of being sick and we have lost faith that we would ever be healed. If so, it would be useful to remember the Law of Receiving. Expect to receive and you will. Do not expect to receive and you wont.

Many of us are plagued by defeatist thinking. After all, it is so easy to say Nothing will come out of this or I dont deserve this anyway or This is not realistic.

We do not feel healed because we do not open ourselves to the prospect and assurance of healing. We do not extend a hand and accept the gift which the Lord holds out to us.

Faith is the hand we extend to accept the Lords complete healing. To quote Hebrew 11:1, faith is confidence in things hoped for and assurance in things not yet seen. To be continued.

*****

(For your comment email:nolvanvugt@gmail.com)

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Is mindfulness meditation a capitalist tool or a path to enlightenment? Yes – WIRED

Is mindfulness meditation a capitalist tool or a path to enlightenment? Yes

by Robert Wright | illustrations by Valero Doval

08.12.17

Its hard to put your finger on the point when the Western stereotype of Buddhist meditation flipped. It was sometime between the 1950s, when Zen Buddhism seeped into the beat generation, and the early 21st century, when mindfulness meditation seeped into Wall Street and Silicon Valley.

One minute founding beatnik Jack Kerouac was spouting arcane Buddhist truths that meditation is said to reveal. There is no me and no you, Kerouac wrote. And space is like a rock because it is empty. Fast forward half a century, and hedge fund manager David Ford, in an interview with Bloomberg News, was summarizing the benefits of meditation this way: I react to volatile markets much more calmly now. Buddhist practice, once seen as subversive and countercultural, now looked like a capitalist tool. It had gone from deepening your insight to sharpening your edge.

Of course, a stereotype is just a stereotype. Most of todays meditators arent following the guidance of the Bloomberg News headline that accompanied Fords quote: To Make a Killing on Wall Street, Start Meditating. Still, the past decades wave of interest in mindfulness meditation has had a utilitarian air. When companies like Goldman Sachs start offering free meditation training to employees, and salesforce.com puts a meditation room on each floor of a San Francisco office building, its a safe bet that heightened appreciation of Buddhist metaphysics isnt the goal. In fact, mindfulness meditation is often packaged in frankly therapeutic terms: mindfulness-based stress reduction.

This drift from the philosophical to the practical has inspired two kinds of blowback. First, because goals like stress reduction are so clear, attainable, and gratifying, many people now sing the praises of meditationwhich deeply annoys some people who dont. The author and business guru Adam Grant has complained of being stalked by meditation evangelists. Which bothers him all the more because the feats they harp on are so pedestrian. Every benefit of the practice can be gained through other activities, Grant says. For example, exercise takes the edge off stress.

The second kind of blowback comes not from Buddhism skeptics but from Buddhism aficionados, who lament that meditation hasin some circles, at leastbecome so mundane as to invite ridicule from the Adam Grants of the world. These Buddhism purists arent against reducing stress. After all, the Buddha preached liberation from suffering. But liberation was supposed to be a spiritual endeavor.

The idea was to penetrate the delusion that pervades ordinary consciousness, to see the world with a clarity that is radical in its implications, a clarity that doesnt just liberate you from suffering but transforms your view of, and relationship to, reality itself, including your fellow beings. Gaining a deep, experiential understanding of the truths Kerouac had pointed toobscure but fundamental Buddhist ideas like not-self and emptinesswas supposed to be central to the contemplative project. The ultimate goal, however hard to reach, and however few people ultimately reached it, was nothing less than awakening: enlightenment, liberation, nirvana.

All of which raises a question: Is mindfulness meditation, as its practiced by millions of Westerners, bullshit? Not bullshit in the sense of being worthless. Even Adam Grant admits that meditation has benefits and that, for some people, its the best way to get them. But has meditation practice strayed so far from its Buddhist roots that we might as well just call it a therapy or a hobby? Should people who trek to weekend meditation retreats at lovely rural locales quit bowing to the statue of the Buddha as they enter the meditation hall? Should all the strivers in Silicon Valley and New York who put in 20 or 30 minutes on the cushion each day switch to SSRIs or beta blockers and use the time saved for valuable networking? Is there any good reasonin ancient Buddhist philosophy or for that matter in modern scienceto consider mainstream mindfulness practice truly spiritual?

For years Ive been on what amounts to an exploration of these questions. I went on my first silent meditation retreat more than a decade agomainly out of spiritual curiosity, but happy to accept any therapeutic benefits, which, God knows, I could use. As this quest turned into a book project, the inquiry got more systematic. Now, with the project complete, Ive talked to lots of meditation teachers, Buddhist monks, and scholars of Buddhism. Ive read the ancient texts that describe mindfulness meditation and its underlying philosophy. And Ive gone on more silent retreatsa total of two months worth, ranging in length from one to two weeks.

And here, as far as I can tell, is the deal: Its true, on the one hand, that many devotees of meditation are pursuing the practice in a basically therapeutic spirit. And that includes many who follow Buddhist meditation teachers and even go on extended retreats. Its also true that mindfulness meditation, as typically taught to these people, bears only a partial resemblance to mindfulness meditation as described in ancient texts.

Nonetheless, the average mindfulness meditator is closer to the ancient contemplative tradition, and to transformative insights, than you might think. Though things like stress reduction or grappling with melancholy or remorse or self-loathing may seem therapeutic, they are organically connected to the very roots of Buddhist philosophy. What starts out as a meditation practice with modest aims can easily, and very naturally, go deeper. There is a kind of slippery slope from stress reduction to profound spiritual exploration and radical philosophical reorientation, and many people, even in Silicon Valley and on Wall Street, are further down that slope than they realize.

Consider the crazy-sounding idea of not-self. According to Buddhist philosophy, your intuition that there is a self at your corethe thinker of your thoughts, the doer of your deedsis an illusion. And not just any illusion. It is an illusion so deep and so debilitating, so central to the Buddhist diagnosis of the human predicament, that dispelling it can lead directly to full enlightenment and liberation from suffering. At least, thats the claim made in the seminal work on the subject, the Buddhas Discourse on the Not-Self. In that text, the Buddha explains not-self to a group of monks and, once they get the picture, they become arhatstruly enlightened beings.

Which is good news, and not just because theyre liberated from suffering but because theyll now be much easier to get along with. Just listen to how Walpola Rahula, a Buddhist monk who in 1959 published an influential book called What the Buddha Taught, put the matter. The false notion of the self, he said, produces harmful thoughts of me and mine, selfish desire, craving, attachment, hatred, ill-will, conceit, pride, egoism, and other defilements, impurities, and problems. It is the source of all the troubles in the world from personal conflicts to wars between nations. In short, to this false view can be traced all the evil in the world.

Kind of makes you wish more people would realize they dont have a self! But here lies a complication. The experience of full-on not-self is famously elusive, typically reported only by meditators who have done a whole, whole lot of meditatingcertainly more than Ive done. If saving the world depends on a big chunk of humanity having this experience, we may be in for a long wait.

But we have to start somewhere! And here there is good news. The not-self experience isnt strictly binary. You dont have to think of it as a threshold that you either manage to finally cross, to transformative effect, or forever fall short of, getting no edification whatsoever. As strange as it may sound, you can, with even a fairly modest daily meditation practice, experience a little bit of not-self. Then, as time goes by, maybe a little more. Andwho knowsmaybe someday youll have the full-on transformative version of the experience. But even if you dont, important and lasting progress can be made, and benefits for you and for humankind can accrue along the way.

So what would it be like to experience just a little bit of not-self? I got an answer to this question in 2003, on my first meditation retreat. Up to that point I was what I would call (though meditation teachers discourage you from talking this way) a complete and utter failure as a meditator. I had tried to meditate, but my dinky attention span and hypersensitive emotional equipment had kept me from mustering enough concentration to see any benefits. I decided that boot camp was in order.

I signed up for a seven-day retreat at the Insight Meditation Society in rural Massachusetts. There, every day, I would do sitting meditation for a total of five and a half hours and walking meditation for about that long. As for the rest of the day, when you add three (silent) meals, a one-hour yogi job in the morning (vacuuming hallways, in my case), and listening to one of the teachers give a dharma talk in the evening, youve pretty much exhausted the day. Which is good, because if there was time you needed to waste, the traditional means of wasting it wouldnt be available. There was no TV, no internet, no news from the outside world. And, of course, no talking.

This daily regimen may not sound taxing, but the first couple of days were excruciating. Have you ever tried sitting on a cushion with your legs crossed, focusing on your breath? Its no picnic, especially if youre as bad at focusing on your breath as I am. Early in the retreat, I could go a whole 45-minute meditation session without sustaining focus for 10 consecutive breaths.

But, slowly, I got betterfocusing for 10, 20, 25 breaths. Then, on the fifth morning of the retreat, came my first big breakthrough. After breakfast I had consumed a bit too much of the instant coffee I had brought, and as I tried to meditate I felt the classic symptom of overcaffeination: a very unpleasant tension in my jaw that made me feel like grinding my teeth. It was kind of like an amped-up version of stressthe kind of stress youd feel at the end of a really bad workday.

This feeling kept intruding on my focus, and after trying for a while to fight the intrusion I finally surrendered to it and shifted my attention to the tension in my jaw. This sort of readjustment of attention, by the way, is a perfectly fine thing to do. In mindfulness meditation as its typically taught, the point of focusing on your breath isnt just to focus on your breath. Its to stabilize your mind, to free it of its normal preoccupations so you can observe things that are happening in a clear, unhurried, less reactive way.

And things that are happening emphatically includes things happening inside your mind. Feelings arise within yousadness, anxiety, annoyance, relief, joyand you try to experience them from a different vantage point, neither clinging to the good feelings nor running away from the bad ones but rather just experiencing them straightforwardly and observing them. This altered perspective can be the beginning of a fundamental and enduring change in your relationship to your feelings. You can, if all goes well, cease to be their slave.

After devoting some attention to the overcaffeinated feeling in my jaw, I suddenly had an angle on my interior life that Id never had before. I remember thinking something like, Yes, the grinding sensation is still therethe sensation I typically define as unpleasant. But that sensation is down there in my jaw, and thats not where I am. Im up here in my head. I was no longer identifying with the feeling; I was viewing it objectively, I guess you could say. In the space of a moment it had entirely lost its grip on me. It was a very strange thing to have an unpleasant feeling cease to be unpleasant without it really going away.

There is a paradox here. When I first expanded my attention to encompass the obnoxiously intrusive jaw-grinding sensation, this involved relaxing my resistance to the sensation. I was, in a sense, accepting and even embracing a feeling that I had been trying to keep at a distance. But the result of this closer proximity to the feeling was to acquire a kind of distance from ita certain degree of detachment. Or, if you want to put the point in more conventional Buddhist terminology, a degree of nonattachment. I had, in a sense, let go of part of my self.

You dont have to go to a meditation retreat to get this kind of experience. People who are more natural meditators than me can get it via daily practice as guided by a local teacher, or by an online teacher, or even by a good meditation app, like Headspace or 10% Happier. Or, if you dont want to invest even that much time, try this: Next time youre feeling sad, sit down, close your eyes, and study the sadness. Accept its presence and just observe it. For example, you may notice that, though youre not close to actually crying, the feeling of sadness does have a strong presence right around the parts of your eyes that would become active if you did start crying. This careful observation of sadness, combined with a kind of acceptance of it, can make it way less unpleasant. And, more to the point, less a part of your self.

Granted, sadness, like stress, is just a small part of youso small that touting this experience as a step toward the elusive, transformative experience of not-self may sound ludicrous. And yet, if you look at the canonical text on the subjectthat discourse on not-self delivered by the Buddhayoull find some validation of this touting. In that sermon the Buddha chips away at the notion of self bit by bit, chunk by chunk.

He does an inventory of the categories that constitute human experience: feelings, perceptions, mental formations (a big category that in Buddhist psychology includes thoughts and complex emotions), and so on. With each category he raises the same questions: Is this particular part of you, when examined closely, really under your control? And doesnt this part of you sometimes make you suffer (precisely, he suggests, because it isnt under your control)? The answers are of course no and yes, respectively: We cant magically control all the thoughts, feelings, and perceptions that dominate our experience, which helps explain why they often cause us pain.

Well, then, does it make sense to think of these things as self? The Buddhas answer is unequivocal. Feelings, thoughts, and all the resteven your physical bodymust be regarded with proper wisdom, according to reality, thus: These are not mine, this I am not, this is not my self.

Note how pragmatic, even therapeutic, this argument sounds: If you want relief from suffering, quit identifying with the things that make you suffer, the things that are beyond your control. This kind of guidance is very much in the spirit of mindfulness-based stress reductionwhich, in fact, is what my little triumph over overcaffeination basically was.

And yet, according to the logic of Buddhism, if you follow this pragmatic, therapeuticeven, you might say, self-servinglogic far enough via meditative practice, you can get to the point where it feels as if there is no self at all. And a big reason for this apprehension is that everything in your field of experiencefeelings, thoughts, perceptions, everythingcan be seen, on close inspection, to not really be under the control of some inner you. Its just stuff happening. Stuff you dont have to identify with.

This may sound crazy. Surely there are some things under our conscious control? Well, maybe, but modern psychology has challenged that assumption. One famous series of experiments seems to show that by the time someone is consciously aware of deciding to do somethingpushing a button, saythe brain activity that initiates the pushing is already well under way. Other experiments suggest that people are often not aware of what their actual motivations for doing things arebut that, even so, they generate explanations for their behavior and actually believe the explanations.

This doesnt mean science has proved that were on autopilot, and that the conscious mind is just a passenger under the illusion that its flying the plane. There are questions of interpretation surrounding some of these experiments, and lots more experiments to be done. Still, theres no doubt that modern psychology has cast serious doubt on the intuition that your conscious self is your CEO.

Which gives modern psychology something in common with ancient Buddhist texts. And something in common with modern meditation teachers. Ive heard more than one of these teachers assert that thoughts think themselves. Thoughts may feel like things we generate, but when viewed mindfully, with non-attachment, they are seen to be things that just float into our awareness. They arent generated by the conscious self but, rather, come from somewhere beyond it.

This imageof thoughts being received by your conscious mind rather than created by itmakes particular sense in light of a conception of the brain that has gained many adherents in recent decades: the modular model. The basic idea is that the brain consists of lots of different systems that have different specialties and may have competing agendas.

So, for example, one system may be focused on getting you to eat while another is focused on getting you to impress someone youre talking to with your knowledge of politics. The conscious mind might be unaware of the competition between these systems and unaware of the thoughts theyre championingexcept for the thought that wins. As the neuroscientist Michael Gazzaniga has put it, Whichever notion you happen to be conscious of at a particular moment is the one that comes bubbling up, the one that becomes dominant. Its a dog-eat-dog world going on in your brain, with different systems competing to make it to the surface to win the prize of conscious recognition.

In this scenario, the conscious mind tends to identify with the winning thought, the one that bubbles up, even to the point of taking ownership of itthinking of itself as the thoughts generator. But highly adept meditators actually see the bubbling up part, and for them the identification, the sense of ownership, never kicks in.

Personally, I find it harder to get this kind of perspective on thoughts than on feelings. Whereas I might succeed in viewing anxiety or sadness as not-self during my daily practice, I dont generally view my thoughts that way until well into a weeklong meditation retreatif then. But the point is just that this perspective on thoughts is part of the logical progression of mindfulness meditation and a way station on the path to the experience of full-fledged not-self. Its an experience commonly reported by those few meditators who, having logged thousands and thousands of hours on the meditation cushion, say theyve gotten to the point of not-self and even stayed thereday in, day out, on the cushion or off.

So what does it feel like to be one of these people? Unfortunately, if you ask them that question, they tend to say things that are a bit opaque. One such meditator, describing life without a sense of self, said to me, If youre nothing, if you disappear, you can then be everything. But you cant be everything unless you are nothing.

I guess well have to take his word for that. Still, even someone like mesomeone who meditates 30 or 40 minutes a day and occasionally goes on meditation retreatscan have glimpses of what he means. Ive gotten to the point, deep in meditation, when a tingling I felt in my foot seemed no more a part of me than the singing of a bird I heard outside. And both, by the way, were wonderful, as was everything else; I felt utter peace and serenity. I also felt very favorably disposed toward that bird and to living things in general.

I had to go on a meditation retreat to have that particular brush with not-self. Still, theres a sense in which the experience wasnt that far removed from my daily practice. One reason it was hard to see a clear line between the tingling in my foot and the singing of the bird is that I wasnt identifying very closely with the tingling in the first place. The disaggregation of my self made its contents seem more like the contents of the world beyond me; the diffuseness of my self made its bounds less distinct. And this sense of the diffuseness of self begins with workaday mindfulness meditation: looking at any part of your experiencestress, physical pain, tingling in footfrom a more objective standpoint than usual. So objective that experiencing it is kind of like experiencing a birds song.

Indeed, I think the reason I felt so favorably disposed toward other beings when the bounds of my self dissolved wasnt just the dissolution per se. A big factor was that all the self-centered preoccupations that keep us from appreciating other beingsand sometimes make us envy, resent, even hate other beingswere not part of my self at that moment.

Speaking of moments: One phrase that hasnt occurred in this piece so far is living in the moment. This may seem strange, since this theme is so commonly associated with mindfulness, and so emphasized by meditation teachers. Indeed, The New York Times recently defined mindfulness as the desire to take a chunk of each day and simply live in the present. Stop and smell the roses.

Theres no denying that deep appreciation of the present moment is a nice consequence of mindfulness. But its misleading to think of it as central to mindfulness. If you delve into early Buddhist writings, you wont find a lot of exhortations to stop and smell the rosesand thats true even if you focus on those writings that contain the word sati, the word thats translated as mindfulness.

The ancient Buddhist text known as The Four Foundations of Mindfulnessthe closest thing there is to a Bible of mindfulnessfeatures no injunction to live in the present, and in fact doesnt have a single word or phrase translated as now or the present. And it features some passages that would sound strange to the average mindfulness meditator of today. It reminds us that our bodies are full of various kinds of unclean things and instructs us to meditate on such bodily ingredients as feces, bile, phlegm, pus, blood, sweat, fat, tears, skin-oil, saliva, mucus, fluid in the joints, urine. It also calls for us to imagine our bodies one day, two days, three days deadbloated, livid, and festering.

Im not aware of any bestselling books on mindfulness meditation called Stop and Smell the Feces. And Ive never heard a meditation teacher recommend that I meditate on my bile, phlegm, and pus, or on the rotting corpse that I will someday be. What is presented today as an ancient meditative tradition is a selective rendering of an ancient meditative tradition, in some cases carefully manicured.

But thats OK. All spiritual traditions evolve, adapting to time and place, and the Buddhist teachings that find an audience today in the United States and Europe are a product of such evolution. In particular, modern mindfulness teachings retain innovations of instruction and technique made in southeast Asia in the 19th and early 20th centuries. But the main thing, for our purposes, is that this evolutionthe evolution that has produced a distinctively Western, 21st-century version of Buddhismhasnt severed the connection between current practice and ancient thought. Modern mindfulness meditation isnt exactly the same as ancient mindfulness meditation, but the two can lead to the same place, philosophically and spiritually.

Whats more, they start at the same place. The Satipatthana Suttathe Bible of mindfulnessbegins with instructions that will be familiar to a modern meditator: Sit down, with legs crossed and body erect, and pay attention to your breath.

The text then enjoins the meditator to pay attention to lots of other thingsfeelings, thoughts, sounds, smells, and much, much more (yes, including pus and blood). Then, at the end, it makes an extraordinary claim: If you practice mindfulness assiduously, you are following the direct path for purification of beings and so can achieve nirvana. Sufficiently diligent mindfulness meditation, apparently, can lead to true awakening, complete enlightenment, and liberation.

Of course, that other Buddhist text Ive mentioned puts the story differently. It says that what leads to enlightenment is the apprehension of not-self. I hope by now its clear why these two claims coexist easily: Mindfulness meditation leads very naturally toward the apprehension of not-self and can in principle lead you all the way there. And the reason it can do so is because its about much more than living in the moment. Mindfulness, in the most deeply Buddhist sense of the term, is about an exhaustive, careful, and calm examination of the contents of human experience, an examination that can radically alter your interpretation of that experience.

Most meditators dont give much thought to going all the way down the path toward this radicalism. And many meditators, like me, would love to go all the way but arent optimistic about making it to the end. Which leads to a question: Why keep meditating if you suspect that this path wont realize your deepest aspiration, wont lead all the way to full enlightenment?

The easy answer is that meditating can make your life bettera little lower in stress, anxiety, and other unwelcome feelings. But thats the therapeutic answer. The spiritual answeror at least my version of the spiritual answeris more complicated.

It begins with one of the more striking claims made by Buddhismthat enlightenment and liberation from suffering are inextricably intertwined. We sufferand make others sufferbecause we dont see the world, including ourselves, clearly.

One common conception of this relationship between truth and freedom is that you see the entire truth in a flash of insight, and then you are free. Sounds great! And what a time-saver! Im not just being sarcastic here; there are people who seem to have been blessed with the spontaneous apprehension of not-self, and an attendant sense of liberation. But the more usual experience is incremental: A bit of movement toward trutha clearer, more objective view of your stress, for exampleleads to a little freedom from suffering.

Importantly, this incremental progress can work in the other direction: a bit of freedom can let you see a bit of truth. If you sit down and meditate and loosen the bonds of agitation and anxiety, the ensuing calm will let you observe other things with more clarity.

Some of these observations may seem trivial. Had I never started meditating, Id never have realized that the monotonous-seeming hum generated by my office refrigerator actually consists of at least three distinct sounds, weaving a rich (and surprisingly pretty!) harmony. But sometimes these observations have larger consequence. If you view your wrath toward someone with a bit of detachment, you may realize that the irate email youve written to that personthe one sitting in your drafts folderwill, if sent, create needless turmoil.

And if you carry this kind of calm beyond the meditation cushion, you may find youre less likely to label someone a jerk just because hes at the checkout counter fumbling for his credit card and youre behind him and in a hurry. Which Id say qualifies as movement toward truth, since its logically contradictory to consider someone a jerk for doing something lots of people you dont consider jerksincluding youhave done.

Indeed, according to Buddhist philosophy, not seeing this person as a jerk is, in a certain sense, movement toward profound truth. The Buddhist doctrine of emptinessthe one Jack Kerouac cryptically alluded towould take eons to explain fully, but one way to put the basic idea is to say that all things, including living beings, are empty of essence. To not see essence of jerk in the kind of people youre accustomed to seeing essence of jerk in is to move, however modestly, and in however narrow a context, toward the apprehension of emptiness.

Here again, ancient Buddhist philosophy gets support from modern psychology. In many circumstances, it turns out, we do tend to project a kind of essence onto people. We may naturally conclude, upon observing a stranger for only a few seconds, that she is a rude person, periodrather than entertain the possibility that shes had a stressful day that led her to behave with uncharacteristic rudeness. This tendency to attribute behavior disproportionately to dispositional factors, and to underemphasize situational factors, is known as the fundamental attribution error. To commit the error, as humans seem naturally inclined to do, is to see a kind of essenceessence of rude person, in this casewhere one doesnt actually exist.

Anyway, the key point is this: The two-way relationship between enlightenment and liberationthe fact that a slight boost in either may boost the othercan create a positive feedback loop that doubles as a spiritual propellant, pushing you down that slope toward deeper exploration. If sending fewer incendiary emails and spending less time fulminating in checkout lines reduces the amount of agitation in your life, maybe this effect will be so gratifyingso liberatingthat it encourages you to meditate for 30 minutes a day instead of 20. And maybe that will lead you to view more of your emotional life with greater claritylead to more enlightenmentand this enlightenment will further reduce the needless suffering in your life and further deepen your commitment to meditation. And so on. Before you know it, youve gone on a meditation retreat, absorbed some Buddhist philosophy, and are driving the Adam Grants of the world even crazier than more casual meditators drive them. Well done.

But does this really qualify as a spiritual endeavor? After all, upping your investment in meditation certainly has its therapeutic payoffs. Id say the answer depends partly on how far you gohow far toward not-self, for examplebut also on how you think about the exercise, what you take away from it. When youre standing in that checkout line, judging that credit card fumbler more leniently than usual, is that just a fleeting effect, the welcome byproduct of a particularly immersive morning meditation session? Or is it part of a sustained effort to be mindful of how casually and unfairly were naturally inclined to judge peopleand how those judgments are shaped by self-serving feelings that, actually, we dont have to consider part of our selves?

And when youre getting some distance from stress and anxiety and sadness, is the ensuing comfort the end of your practice? Or is there ongoing and deepening reflection on the way feelings shape our thoughts and perceptions, and on how unreliable they are as guides to what we should think and how we should perceive things?

For many of usmyself included, I fearpursuing enlightenment is doomed to failure if we think of enlightenment as a kind of end stateif we hope to eventually attain the elusive apprehension of not-self, of emptiness, and sustain that condition forever, living wholly free of delusion and suffering.

But you can always think of enlightenment as a process, and of liberation the same way. The object of the game isnt to reach Liberation and Enlightenment with a capitalL and Eon some distant day, but rather to become a bit more liberated and a bit more enlightened on a not-so-distant day. Like today! Or, failing that, tomorrow. Or the next day. Or whenever. The main thing is to make progress over time, inevitable backsliding notwithstanding. And the first step on that path can consist of just calming down a littleeven if your initial motivation for calming down is to make a killing in the stock market.

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Is mindfulness meditation a capitalist tool or a path to enlightenment? Yes - WIRED

Space station crew to get three shots at solar eclipse – CBS News

The International Space Station's crew will enjoy views of the Aug. 21 solar eclipse during three successive orbits, giving the astronauts a unique opportunity to take in the celestial show from 250 miles up as the moon's shadow races across from the Pacific Ocean and the continental United States before moving out over the Atlantic.

"Because we're going around the Earth every 90 minutes, about the time it takes the sun to cross the U.S., we'll get to see it three times," Randy Bresnik said Friday during a NASA Facebook session. "The first time will be just off the West Coast, we'll actually cross the path of the sun, and we'll have (a partial) eclipse looking up from the space station."

For the station crew, the first partial eclipse opportunity will begin at 12:33 a.m. EDT (GMT-4) and end 13 minutes later.

Floating in the European Columbus laboratory module, Bresnik showed off a solar filter shipped up to the station earlier, saying "we've got specially equipped cameras that'll have these solar filters on them that allow us to take pictures of the sun. That's going to be pretty neat, we'll have a couple of us shooting that."

Space station astronaut Randy Bresnik shows off a solar filter that will be used by the crew during multiple opportunities to photograph the Aug. 21 solar eclipse from their perch 250 miles up.

NASA TV

One orbit later, the station will cross the path of the eclipse in the extreme northwest following a trajectory that will carry the lab over central Canada on the way to the North Atlantic. From the station's perspective, 44 percent of the sun will be blocked in a partial eclipse. But the crew will be able to see the umbra, where the eclipse is total, near the southern horizon.

"We'll be north of Lake Huron in Canada when we'll be able to see the umbra, or the shadow of the eclipse, actually on the Earth, right around the Tennessee-Kentucky (area), the western side of both those states," Bresnik said. "That'll be an opportunity for us to take video, and take still pictures and kind of show you from the human perspective what that's going to look like."

During the second of three successive orbits, the space station crew, passing just south of Hudson Bay, will have a chance to see and photograph the moon's shadow as it moves across western Kentucky and northwestern Tennessee some 1,100 miles away.

NASA

The umbra, defining the 70-mile-wide shadow where the sun's disk will be completely blocked out, will be at its closest to the space station at 2:23 p.m. The moon's shadow will be about 1,100 miles away from the lab complex, but from their perch 250 miles up, the astronauts should be able to photograph the dark patch as they race along in their orbit.

"And then the third pass is actually just off the East Coast," Bresnik said. "We'll come around one more time and from the station side we'll see about an 85 percent eclipse of the sun looking up (at 4:17 p.m.). So we should be able to get really neat photos, with our filters, of the sun being occluded by the moon."

NASA plans to provide four hours of eclipse coverage, starting at noon EDT, on the agency's satellite television channel, in web streams and via social media, including Twitter, Instagram and Facebook.

"We have a lot of options to share all this," Bresnik told a Facebook questioner. "It's U.S. taxpayer dollars. ... You're paying us to take these pictures, and they go to you. They're free to everybody, and you can access them from the NASA website."

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Space station crew to get three shots at solar eclipse - CBS News

Space station to test supercomputer bathed in cosmic rays – CNET

Hewlett Packard Enterprise's unassuming Spaceborne Computer will test supercomputing reliability with NASA's help on the International Space Station.

HAL seemed to have little trouble in "2001: A Space Odyssey," but here's the problem with computers in space: a constant stream of cosmic rays seriously disrupt electronics.

That's why Hewlett Packard Enterprise and NASA are testing how well supercomputing technology works on the International Space Station. A SpaceX rocket scheduled to lift off Monday will carry a machine called the Spaceborne Computer that will see whether software techniques can catch and correct errors induced by the radiation from our sun and galaxy that reaches low Earth orbit. HPE announced the work Friday.

The research ultimately could improve computers here on Earth -- but also get humans to Mars.

"Mars is the next frontier, and we need supercomputing to get there. Mars astronauts won't have near-instant access to high-performance computing (HPC) like those in low-Earth orbit do -- the red planet is 26 light minutes round-trip away," said Mark Fernandez, Americas technology officer at HPE's SGI business unit. Supercomputers can be used for tasks like figuring out what to do if a spacecraft or Mars habitation has a system failure.

The Spaceborne Computer is nothing like the mammoth supercomputers on Earth, which take up rooms the size of basketball courts to tackle complex challenges like simulating the planet's weather or the effects of aging on nuclear weapons. But it uses the same basic technology, including Intel processors and a high-speed interconnect to join the system's independent computing nodes.

In this case, the computer employs a 56Gbps optical interconnect to link its different nodes. That's fast enough data-transfer speed to transfer three episodes of "Game of Thrones" from one machine to another in less than a second.

Space is a tough environment, but it has its perks. One of them is that the machine's water cooling system can poke out into space, keeping the machine from overheating for free. On Earth, cooling data centers is a major expense for companies like Google, Facebook, Amazon and Microsoft that operate thousands upon thousands of machine.

The challenge for the Spaceborne Computer is to get it all working despite cosmic rays. The Earth's magnetic field protects the planet's surface from these electrically charged particles -- protons and other particles that stream in from our sun, elsewhere in the galaxy and sometimes even other galaxies. They carry so much energy they can blast electronics out of whack, corrupting memory and messing up calculations.

Some computers destined for space have special shielding and other protection, but not this one. Instead of hardware changes, the computer employs software layers to for detection, correction and protection, Fernandez said. "Success would be ... correct results for a year," he said.

And that's the kind of reliability that could benefit us even here on Earth.

The Smartest Stuff: Innovators are thinking up new ways to make you, and the things around you, smarter.

iHate: CNET looks at how intolerance is taking over the internet.

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Space station to test supercomputer bathed in cosmic rays - CNET

Local Boy Scout troop experiment about to take off for outer space … – Chicago Tribune

Wearing winter clothes, Andrew Frank entered a minus 20 degrees Celsius freezer at the Kennedy Space Center in Florida earlier this month to help insert hundreds of biological samples into a tiny device destined for a mission in space.

But the unit wouldn't quite fit into the 4-by-4-by-6-inch box required for the mission, so the 16-year-old Boy Scout with Palatine-based Troop 209 and other volunteers improvised with tinier screws and silicon tape to seal the container. After eight hours working off and on in the deep freeze, Frank was shaking from the cold, but the device was cleared for liftoff.

With that, a two-year process to build an experiment capable of testing DNA mutations in space while meeting strict NASA specifications was complete.

The project was chosen from a competition among Chicago-area troops sponsored by Boy Scouts of America and the Center for the Advancement of Science in Space, which runs the U.S. laboratory on the International Space Station. Some of the Scouts will be on hand to watch when the experiment is due to launch aboard a SpaceX rocket from the Florida space center on Monday.

"It's been a huge learning experience," said Frank, the team leader. "I had never done anything like this."

The experiment will test genetic mutations of bacteria in low gravity. Using a procedure called the Ames test, the Scouts will examine how much E. coli cultures change in space and compare that with what happens to them on Earth.

If they find changes in mutations, the Scouts said, it might suggest better ways to fight cancer or grow tissue to heal wounds.

"At the beginning, it's just really cool to do something that's going into outer space," said team mentor Norm McFarland. "By the end, the Scouts were coming up with their own solutions to problems they were finding."

Their device will take photos of each culture repeatedly throughout the flight, checking for a telltale color change from purple to yellow.

To fit a testing device into the restricted space, the Scouts tried out multiple designs, cameras and motors, finally settling on an octagon-shaped carousel that rotates the samples so they can be photographed. Sensors also track time, temperature and humidity.

The device must do all that without using more than the allotted power limit of about 2.5 watts, a small fraction of the power commonly used by lightbulbs.

When astronauts return the experiment to Earth after about a month, the Scouts will check the results, then run the same experiment under the same conditions but in normal gravity.

Some 20 Scouts, age 11 to 18, worked on the project, putting in more than 5,000 hours of meeting time.

The team had guidance from many adults including McFarland, an electrical engineer who retired from Siemens Building Technologies after helping develop numerous patents. Among those who also assisted were a microbiologist and a father who helped fabricate the aluminum parts for the device.

The Scouts themselves designed and soldered a circuit board to help make their experiment work. They even included a position sensor, so if the space station loses power temporarily, the device can reset itself.

Frank and teammate Harmon Bhasin were in Florida before the launch to explain their project at a NASA preflight news conference.

Adult volunteer Kathleen Cassady said she was impressed by how the Scouts grew during the project.

"I thought this would be a good thing to get them interested in STEM (science, technology, engineering and math)," she said, "but I never thought it would also give them the soft skills, to be able to work as a team, provide leadership and problem-solve."

Armando L. Sanchez/Chicago Tribune

Members of Palatine Boy Scout Troop 209 built this device to test genetic mutations of bacteria in low gravity. Its scheduled to launch on Monday, Aug. 14, 2017, aboard a SpaceX rocket in Florida.

Members of Palatine Boy Scout Troop 209 built this device to test genetic mutations of bacteria in low gravity. Its scheduled to launch on Monday, Aug. 14, 2017, aboard a SpaceX rocket in Florida. (Armando L. Sanchez/Chicago Tribune)

This isn't the only Scout experiment chosen for the space station. Explorer Post 2400, which includes males and females up to age 20 out of Calumet College of St. Joseph in Whiting, was chosen for the next space launch this fall, to test the effect of low gravity on peptides, which are thought to play a key role in Alzheimer's disease.

One of the faculty leaders on the project, Sandra Chimon Rogers, chairwoman of the college's department of biophysical chemistry and math, said the team developed an infrared spectrometer that fit into the tiny space allowed and cost only about $700, rather than the tens of thousands of dollars such devices often cost.

"It's an amazing opportunity for them, and more students should be aware of it," Rogers said.

In addition, a team of students from Deerfield High School won a separate competition to send their experiment on Monday's launch. They will test different materials for their ability to provide a shield from radiation, which could prove crucial to any long-range space mission, such as an expedition to Mars.

That Go For Launch! competition was sponsored by Higher Orbits, a nonprofit that promotes science and technology, and was judged in part by a former astronaut, Dorothy Metcalf-Lindenburger.

One of the students on the Deerfield team, 16-year-old Chirag Goel, said he was thrilled at the opportunity.

"To look into the night sky and to be a small part of that is humbling," Goel said. "To tell your kids I helped design an experiment to go into space ... what could be cooler than that?"

rmccoppin@chicagotribune.com

Twitter @RobertMcCoppin

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Local Boy Scout troop experiment about to take off for outer space ... - Chicago Tribune

Live coverage: H-2A rocket launch scrubbed – Spaceflight Now


Spaceflight Now
Live coverage: H-2A rocket launch scrubbed
Spaceflight Now
2 has been used for six flights of the H-2B rocket with the H-2 Transfer Vehicle, an unmanned cargo ship for the International Space Station. In all, 47 rockets have departed Earth from the Yoshinobu complex since 1994. The most recent flight was an H ...
Japanese H-IIA launch with QZS-3 scrubbedNASASpaceflight.com

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Live coverage: H-2A rocket launch scrubbed - Spaceflight Now

JAXA H-IIA launch of GPS satellite canceled – SpaceFlight Insider

Bart Leahy

August 12th, 2017

H-IIA (204) F35 on the launch pad. Photo Credit: shinnosuke0113 on Twitter

In a brief media statement, the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) announced that it has canceled todays planned launch of an H-IIA rocket, which is carrying a navigation satellite that is designed to augment the Global Positioning System (GPS) for the Japanese region.

According to the statement, JAXA and its lead contractor, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd., jointly decided to cancel the launch, which is expected to be the 35th flight of the H-IIA launch vehicle. JAXA indicated that the flight was canceled due to the necessity of additional examinations around [sic] rocket propulsion system. However, the statement did not indicate whether the problems were with the H-IIA launch vehicle or the satellites R-4D engine. JAXA said that a new launch date would be announced as soon as it is determined.

The payload, MICHIBIKI Quasi-Zenith Satellite #3, is part of a Japanese-built satellite-based augmentation system for the GPS; the system is designed to supporthighly precise and stable location services in Japan as well as those counties in the Asia-Oceania region with similar longitudes, such as Indonesia and Australia.

Tagged: H-IIA Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency JAXA Lead Stories Michibiki-3

Bart Leahy is a freelance technical writer living in Orlando, Florida. Leahy's diverse career has included work for The Walt Disney Company, NASA, the Department of Defense, Nissan, a number of commercial space companies, small businesses, nonprofits, as well as the Science Cheerleaders.

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JAXA H-IIA launch of GPS satellite canceled - SpaceFlight Insider

Space station crew looks forward to eclipse – Spaceflight Now

STORY WRITTEN FORCBS NEWS& USED WITH PERMISSION

The International Space Stations crew will enjoy views of the Aug. 21 solar eclipse during three successive orbits, giving the astronauts a unique opportunity to take in the celestial show from 250 miles up as the moons shadow races across from the Pacific Ocean and the continental United States before moving out over the Atlantic.

Because were going around the Earth every 90 minutes, about the time it takes the sun to cross the U.S., well get to see it three times, Randy Bresnik said Friday during a NASA Facebook session. The first time will be just off the West Coast, well actually cross the path of the sun, and well have (a partial) eclipse looking up from the space station.

For the station crew, the first viewing opportunity will begin at 12:33 a.m. EDT (GMT-4) and end 13 minutes later.

Floating in the European Columbus laboratory module, Bresnik showed off a solar filter shipped up to the station earlier, saying weve got specially equipped cameras thatll have these solar filters on them that allow us to take pictures of the sun. Thats going to be pretty neat, well have a couple of us shooting that.

One orbit later, the station will cross the path of the eclipse in the extreme northwest following a trajectory that will carry the lab over central Canada on the way to the North Atlantic. From the stations perspective, 44 percent of the sun will be blocked in a partial eclipse. But the crew will be able to see the umbra, where the eclipse is total, near the southern horizon.

Well be north of Lake Huron in Canada when well be able to see the umbra, or the shadow of the eclipse, actually on the Earth, right around the Tennessee-Kentucky (area), the western side of both those states, Bresnik said. Thatll be an opportunity for us to take video, and take still pictures and kind of show you from the human perspective what thats going to look like.

The umbra, defining the 70-mile-wide shadow where the suns disk will be completely blocked out, will be at its closest to the space station at 2:23 p.m. The moons shadow will be about 1,100 miles away from the lab complex, but from their perch 250 miles up, the astronauts should be able to photograph the dark patch as they race along in their orbit.

And then the third pass is actually just off the East Coast, Bresnik said. Well come around one more time and from the station side well see about an 85 percent eclipse of the sun looking up (at 4:17 p.m.). So we should be able to get really neat photos, with our filters, of the sun being occluded by the moon.

NASA plans to provide four hours of eclipse coverage, starting at noon EDT, on the agencys satellite television channel, in web streams and via social media, including Twitter, Instagram and Facebook.

We have a lot of options to share all this, Bresnik told a Facebook questioner. Its U.S. taxpayer dollars. Youre paying us to take these pictures, and they go to you. Theyre free to everybody, and you can access them from the NASA website.

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Space station crew looks forward to eclipse - Spaceflight Now

Science and technology to get boost from CRS-12 mission – SpaceFlight Insider

Jim Siegel

August 12th, 2017

A SpaceX Dragon capsule is grappled by the space stations roboticCanadarm2 onApril 10, 2016. (Click for full view) Photo Credit: NASA

CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. The cargo aboard NASAs scheduled Aug. 14, 2017, commercial resupply mission to the International Space Station (ISS) could help more people than just the six astronauts and cosmonauts currently living there. With more than three tons of experiments and materials being ferried, SpaceXs Dragon capsule promises to benefit people ranging from those suffering from Parkinsons disease, to those seeking bio-engineered organs, to soldiers on the battlefield.

NASA Astronaut Jack Fischer works within the Japanese Experiment Module on CASIS PCG 6. CASIS PCG 7 will utilize the orbiting laboratorys microgravity environment to grow larger versions of Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2), implicated in Parkinsons disease. Photo & Caption Credit: NASA

In 2008, NASA awarded two contracts one to Orbital Sciences (now Orbital ATK) and one to SpaceX for commercial resupply services to the orbiting lab. At the time of the award, NASA ordered eight flights from Orbital, valued at about $1.9 billion, and 12 flights from SpaceX, valued at approximately $1.6 billion. SpaceX flew its first mission under the contract in October 2012 (Orbital flew its first mission a little over a year later in January of 2014).

The CRS-12 missionis currentlytargeted to launch at 12:31 p.m. EDT (16:31 GMT) on Aug. 14. When it flies, it will mark the 12th ISS resupply mission that SpaceX has carried out (one Commercial Orbital Transportation Services mission and 11 Commercial Resupply Services missions have successfully traveled to the Space Station).

The companys Dragon spacecraft will ride a Full Thrust Falcon 9 rocket, roaring away from Kennedy Space Centers Launch Complex 39A. Assuming an on-schedule launch, the spacecraft should arrive at the ISS on Aug. 16 with some 6,415 pounds (2,910 kilograms) of cargo. Only about a quarter of the manifest will be crew supplies, vehicle hardware, spacewalk equipment, and computer resources.

The remainder of the spacecrafts manifest is comprised of hardware and supplies to support dozens of the approximately 250 science and research investigations that will occur on current and upcoming ISS missions.NASA hosted an Aug. 8 pre-flight science briefing featuring the principal investigators of five of these experiments.

About a third of the CRS-12 cargo mass will be a refrigerator-size package designed to measure dangerous, life-threatening cosmic rays. This project, called the Cosmic-Ray Energetics and Mass investigation (CREAM), features instruments to measure the charges of cosmic rays ranging from hydrogen nuclei up through iron nuclei, over a broad energy range. According to principal investigator Eun-Suk Seo of the University of Maryland Institute for Physical Science and Technology, once the ISS astronauts unpack it, the modified balloon-borne device will be placed on the Japanese Exposed Facility for a period of at least three years.

According to NASA, humans aboard long-duration, deep-space explorations such as those to the planet Mars are thought to likely face serious health consequences from exposure to high-energy galactic cosmic rays, including direct damage to DNA and changes in the biochemistry of cells and tissues.Seo said that people on Earth are protected from these rays by the Earths atmosphere and magnetic field; to the extent that some solar radiation does get through, it is roughly the same as that of starlight.

Mice for NASAs Rodent Research 9 experiment will reside in a Rodent Habitat module while aboard Dragon and the International Space Station. Photo Credit: Dominic Hart / NASA

Even astronauts aboard the ISS are somewhat protected by the Earths magnetic field. However, beyond the outer zone of the Van Allen radiation belt extending 8,100 to 37,300 miles (13,000 to 60,000 kilometers) from Earth long-term exposure is thought to be very serious, according to the space agency.

CREAM experiments conducted in six balloon flights at 25-mile (40-kilometer) altitudes over Antarctica have yielded a limited understanding of galactic cosmic rays. The three-year CREAM mission aboard the space station will significantly expand knowledge of cosmic radiation and what it might take to protect interplanetary travelers in the future.

As many as 1 million Americans live with Parkinsons disease, with a worldwide total thought to exceed 10 million. One of the experiments aboard CRS-12 is aimed at helping to find a cure for this affliction.

One aspect of Parkinsons under investigation involves a protein called LRRK2. Defining the shape and morphology of this protein would help scientists better understand the pathology of the disease and aid in the development of effective therapies that might slow or stop the progression of this neurodegenerative disorder. Unfortunately, according to Marco Baptista, director of research and grants for the Michael J. Fox Foundation, Earth-grown versions of the LRRK2 protein are too small and too compact to study.

However, Baptista and other principal investigators from the University of Oxford, Goethe-University (Frankfort), and the University of San Diegobelieve that versions of the protein grown in microgravity may be larger and better-defined, lending themselves to detailed analysis. Aboard the ISS, a CASIS PCG 7 automated biotechnology device will produce samples of the LRRK2 protein.

The project hardware includes a Microlytic Crystal Former Optimization Chip (16 Channel) plate. It will be launched frozen and then transitioned to ambient temperature on the ISS to start the nucleation and crystallization process. Following a growth period of up to 21 days, the hardware will be moved to refrigerated storage for the return flight to Earth for detailed laboratory analysis.

Another experiment aboard CRS-12 is focused on helping solve health problems, this one relates to the use of stem cells to grow replacement lung tissue in patients with lung diseases or conditions.

Joan Nichols, a professor of internal medicine and infectious diseases and Associate Director of the Galveston National Laboratory at the University of Texas Medical Branch (Galveston), provided a brief explanation. According to Nichols, the cells will be flown live in tissue culture bags to the ISS via conditioned stowage assets at 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit (37 degrees Celsius) within BioCell Habitat containers. Once on board, the BioCell habitats will be placed inside chambers that should provide temperature and carbon dioxide control for the cell cultures.

Kestrel Eye will test the possibility of building and launching clusters of small, relatively inexpensive satellites that have sufficient optical capability to provide useful, real-time information over an extended period of time. Photo Credit: U.S. Army

The cells will be cultured for approximately five weeks with periodic sampling. Once the cultures have grown for a predetermined amount of time, a 4.5-milliliter sample will be pulled from the bag and frozen at minus 176 degrees Fahrenheit (minus 80 degrees Celsius) for the remainder of the flight and then minus 68 degrees Fahrenheit (minus 20 degrees Celsius) or colder for return. The cells remaining within the bags will also be stored for the return flight.

The stem cells wont be the only live cargo aboard CRS-12. As was explained by Michael Delp, principal investigator for Rodent Research-9 from the Florida State University, 20 mice will be the focus of an investigation related to musculoskeletal and neurovascular systems of astronauts in long-term interplanetary travel. Delp noted how this experiment is aimed at three particular biomedical aspects: visual impairment caused by lack of sufficient movement of fluids in the brain; fluid movement into and out of the brain; and biomechanical movement, especially in cartilage tissue.

Delp said that rather than collecting data from the mice, the plan will be to observe their behavior with video monitoring. Further, he said the mice would be brought back alive for a splashdown in the Pacific Ocean and then rushed for observation and evaluation to the office of Xiao Wen Mao, one of the co-investigators, at Loma Linda University.

One final project covered during the Aug. 8 science briefing involves space-based support for the military.

Chip Hardy, Kestrel Eye program manager for the U.S. Army Space and Missile Defense Command Army Forces Strategic Command, presented an overview of providing real-time information to ground troops regarding enemy location and movement. Currently, there are military satellites that can provide fairly detailed visual images or video. However, these satellites are very expensive, relatively few in number, and provide useful information only if in the proper orbital attitude.

The NanoRacks-SMDC-Kestrel Eye IIM project will test the possibility of building and launching clusters of small, relatively inexpensive satellites that have sufficient optical capability to provide useful, real-time information over an extended period of time. According to the NASA media briefing release, it is a monolithic design, with dimensions of 15 inches 15 inches 38 inches (38 centimeters 38 centimeters 96.5 centimeters) with integrated command data and handling system, attitude controls and solar arrays for power. The primary payload is a medium resolution electro-optical imaging system, an element of which is a commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) telescope.

Following an anticipated October 2017 deployment using the ISS NanoRacks Kaber deployer, the NanoRacks-KE IIM will begin its nominal mission operations limited by its expected six-month orbital lifetime.

There may also be civilian applications for this potential optical platform, such as to monitor the weather or natural disasters.If this test is successful, Hardy noted that the next step might be one of a number of alternatives, including a low-volume production run or the substitution of a different optical technology.

Many organizations and teams of students have seen their experiments fly to the International Space Station, one of them, DASA, is looking forward to having their experiment travel to the International Space Station as part of CRS-12s payload.

To see an idea that started a few months ago as a sketch on a piece of paper actually takeshape and fly to space is a rare opportunity, DASA team member KatherineStecher said via a release. The anticipation has definitely built, and I cant wait to see what answers ourexperiment brings back.

Video courtesy of the Center for the Advancement of Science In Space

Tagged: CRS-12 Dragon International Space Station Lead Stories NASA SpaceX

Jim Siegel comes from a business and engineering background, as well as a journalistic one. He has a degree in Mechanical Engineering from Purdue University, an MBA from the University of Michigan, and executive certificates from Northwestern University and Duke University. Jim got interested in journalism in 2002. As a resident of Celebration, FL, Disneys planned community outside Orlando, he has written and performed photography extensively for the Celebration Independent and the Celebration News. He has also written for the Detroit News, the Indianapolis Star, and the Northwest Indiana Times (where he started his newspaper career at age 11 as a paperboy). Jim is well known around Celebration for his photography, and he recently published a book of his favorite Celebration scenes. Jim has covered the Kennedy Space Center since 2006. His experience has brought a unique perspective to his coverage of first, the space shuttle Program, and now the post-shuttle era, as US space exploration accelerates its dependence on commercial companies. He specializes in converting the often highly technical aspects of the space program into contexts that can be understood and appreciated by average Americans.

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Science and technology to get boost from CRS-12 mission - SpaceFlight Insider

International Lunar Observatory to offer a new astrophysical perspective – SpaceFlight Insider

Tomasz Nowakowski

August 12th, 2017

Artists illustration of the International Lunar Observatory on the south pole of the Moon. Image Credit: Michael Carroll / ILOA

Scheduled to be sent to the south pole of the Moon sometime in 2019, the International Lunar Observatory is expected to conduct the first astrophysical observations from the lunar surface. The mission managers hope that it will offer a brand new astrophysical perspective for scientists worldwide.

The International Lunar Observatory Association (ILOA) and Moon Express have recently inked a deal for the delivery of the first International Lunar Observatory to the Moon. Under this contract, the mission named ILO-1 would land on the Malapert Mountain a 3.1-mile tall peak in the Aitken Basin region that is bathed in sunshine most of the time and has an uninterrupted direct line of sight to Earth.

ILOA states that the main goal of the mission is to expand human understanding of the Galaxy and Cosmos through observation and communication from [the] Moon. To achieve this, ILO-1 will be equipped with a set of instruments for radio and optical astronomy purposes.

Artists rendition of ILO-1 on the Moon. Image Credit: Canadensys Aerospace

The observatory payload includes the possible primary instrument, a two-meter dish antenna for observation and communications functions as well as potential secondary instruments such as an optical telescope, star finder, ultra-violet camera or others. The ILO-1 can be scaled to fit final project budget and is designed to be adaptable to various launch vehicle providers and spacecraft platforms, Steve Durst, Founding Director of ILOA, told Astrowatch.net.

The payload of the ILO-1 mission will be provided by Toronto-based Canadensys Aerospace Corporation. The instruments will allow the observatory to image our Milky Way galaxy and to conduct international astrophysical observations and communications from the lunar surface.

The launch of the mission is currently scheduled for no earlier than 2019. While the spacecraft and its payload will be built by commercial companies, the mission itself will be launched into space by Indiasstate-owned Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), most likely atop its Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV). Durst underlines that the ILO-1 mission is indeed a real international effort.

Right now the ILO-1 project includes a globally distinguished board of directors, day to day functioning executive committee, spacecraft contractor (Moon Express), a payload contractor (Canadensys Aerospace), a launch provider (Indias PSLV), cooperative memorandum of understanding with the CanadaFranceHawaii Telescope (CFHT) and the National Astronomical Observatory of China (NAOC), and an operating partnership comprised of international organizations, agencies, and institutions who are participating in the mission, he noted.

Durst revealed that ILO-1 is being designed to be able to sustain itself through the lunar night. Therefore, it could potentially continue to operate for multiple Earth months or even years independently on the lunar surface. Moreover, it could be also potentially serviced and upgraded by subsequent human missions to the Moon.

Tagged: International Lunar Observatory Moon Moon Express The Range

Tomasz Nowakowski is the owner of Astro Watch, one of the premier astronomy and science-related blogs on the internet. Nowakowski reached out to SpaceFlight Insider in an effort to have the two space-related websites collaborate. Nowakowski's generous offer was gratefully received with the two organizations now working to better relay important developments as they pertain to space exploration.

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International Lunar Observatory to offer a new astrophysical perspective - SpaceFlight Insider

Q&A with Peter Beck, founder and CEO of Rocket Lab – Spaceflight Now

Peter Beck, founder and CEO of Rocket Lab. Credit: Rocket Lab

Peter Beck, the founder and chief executive of Rocket Lab, recently discussed the outcome of the companys first attempted orbital test flight and plans for future missions.

Rocket Labs Electron rocket made its first test flight May 25, soaring higher than an altitude of 139 miles (224 kilometers) before a piece of ground tracking equipment faltered, erroneously leading a range safety officer to terminate the launch for safety reasons. Designed to deliver small satellites weighing up to 330 pounds (150 kilograms) to a circular sun-synchronous orbit around 310 miles (500 kilometers) above Earth, the two-stage Electron will make its second test flight some time late this year.

Beck said the inaugural Electron rocket performed according to plan until the flight ended, demonstrating virtually all the major events during a climb into orbit. The liquid-fueled Electrons nine first stage engines and single upper stage engine all worked as expected until the command to terminate the flight.

The U.S.-New Zealand company developed a launch facility on Mahia Peninsula on theeastern coast of New Zealands North Island. While its current control center and manufacturing plant are located in New Zealand, the company has a headquarters in Southern California and operates under the regulatory umbrella of the Federal Aviation Administration.

Rocket Labs progress was marked with test launches of more than 80 sounding rockets since the companys formation.The total money invested in Rocket Lab to date is $148 million, and the company was valued at more than $1 billion during a Series D financing round closed in March.

The companysays it will charge $4.9 million per Electron flight, significantly less than any other launch provider flying today, and offer a dedicated ride for payloads that currently must ride piggyback with a larger payload.

With money from venture capital funds in Silicon Valley and New Zealand, along with a strategic investment from Lockheed Martin, Rocket Lab completed the design and qualification of the Electron rocket with less than $100 million since the company was established in 2006, according to Beck.

Rocket Lab is one of several companies alongside start-ups and spinoffs like Virgin Orbit and the now-defunct Texas-based rocket developer Firefly that have been established in recent years to meet demand for launches in the small satellite market.

Becks interview with Spaceflight Now is posted below.

Q:How happy are you with the way the Electron vehicle performed on the inaugural flight?

A: Were very happy with the performance of the vehicle. The flight was a heavily insrumented flight. It had something like 25,000 channels of data and instruments on-board, and the data that we were able to obtain was exceptionally good, and it enabled us to validate all the engineering decisions and performances of the vehicle, the thermal environment, the structural environment. We captured all the data we needed. Were feeling really good about the vehicle, and weve accelerated our commercial program. Weve committed to six commercial vehicles, so it put us in a really good position. Before the first flight, you never know what youve got, so being able to instrument the vehicle and get the quality and quantity of data we did puts us in a very strong position to move forward. Cutting a long story short, were feeling very good and very confident about the vehicles performance and the beginning of commercial operations.

Q:Are those six commercial flights all sold to customers?

A:Theyre all sold.

Q:Are you still planning two more test flights before starting commercial operations?

A:Weve got the next test flight rolling out out to the pad in about eight weeks time. If its a really good clean flight, well probably accelerate into commercial operations. If Test Flight 2 goes really well, then Test Flight 3, theres not really a whole lot of point in doing it. Its just gathering more statistics at that point. (If that test flight goes well), well probably accelerate commercial operations and not do a Test Flight 3, but its early days yet, and weve been in this business long enough to know that theres always potentially something lurking there that you didnt see. So at the moment, were still planning a full three-flight program, but there is a possibility of accelerating the commercial debut of the vehicle.

Q: So the next launch would be some time shortly after that rollout in eight weeks?

A: Yeah, absolutely. Theres a few weeks on the pad doing all the integration. This vehicle, again, has on the order of 25,000 or 30,000 sensors, so for us these flights are all about gathering data, so theres a lot of go-no go criteria around those sensors. Usually, it takes us a good ocuple of weeks to get all that buttoned up, and then well be ready to launch.

Q:Do you expect a smoother campaign leading up to the second test flight now that you have some experience?

A:That would be great if we could, but Im conscious that these are still test flights, and we operate in a very cautious manner. So if something is looking a bit weird, then we just wont go. Its more important at this point in time to take the time to get everything perfect. I certainly hope we can turn it a little bit faster, but once again, its a heavily instrumented flight, and every one of those sensors is really important to us. So well probaly take our time once again, but youd think it might be faster the second time, right?

Q:Rocket Labs press release said youre not making any major changes to the vehicle for the second flight. Are there any minor changes?

A:Of course. We had lots of margins on some areas, so weve reduced some thermal insulation in some areas, and reduced some mass and complexity and optimized some things for production, but there are no major hardware changes. Were not pulling out any subsystems or reworking any subsystems. There are some software tweaks, of course, as there always are, but its not like we had to go back and redesign anything for the next flight.

Q:Are there any payloads on the next flight, or will it be a purely instrumented payload as with the first test flight?

A: Itsmainly instrumented, but we are flying some payloads up, and we developed our own CubeSat deployers. We have a 3U, 6U and 1U CubeSat deployer of our own thats gone through all the ground qualification, and were flight qualifying those. Well do that on that flight as well. It just gives us a good oppportunity to qualify more components and more systems.

Q:Will the Outernet CubeSats be on the next launch?

A: Theyre not the Outernet guys. Well identify them later and make an announcement closer to the time. We want to make sure that they get the most out of it.

Q:Do you think you can stil begin commercial service by the end of the year?

A: If we have good test flights, then I think were in a really good position. Of course, if we have some anomalies we have to work through them. As long as the veicle performed like it did on Test Flight 1, without the ground issue, of course, then I think well be in a very good position.

Q:Is therestill a chance to launch the Moon Express lunar mission by end of the year?

A:For the moon flight the construction of that vehicle is largely complete, and well be able to support that missoin at the end of the year.

Q:Going back to the issue from the May test flight, what exactly was the piece of equipment responsible for the premature termination of the launch?

A:There are two independent telemetry systems. Theres the Rocket Lab telemetry system, where we are downlinking all the vehicle flight data, and then theres a second telemetry system ,which is standalone thats run by our contractors for flight safety. That system is responsible for the termination of the vehicle. Basically what happened is the contractor misconfigured the software, which resulted in the antennas losing track of the vehicle. Of course, when that happens, the flight safety officers who are looking at a computer screen at their console, the rocket disappears off their console, so they had no other option than to terminate the vehicle.

Q:Who was the contractor?

A:We all have a bad day, and its just not our style to name and shame contractors.

Q: Is the flight termination system for Electron using thrust termination, or is there a pyro charge on-board?

A: Itsjust thrust termination. Youll see from the videos, the vehicle is running and the engine stops. Thats just the thrust being terminated. Even though the engine stopped, the vehicle didnt stop. It went on and continued to do all its normal things as it would on orbit. We were able to test absolutely everything, even though we didnt make it to orbit. We tested all the RCS (Reaction Control System) and all the orbital systems, and unfortunately, we also tested the flight termination system, so we can say that we tested absolutely everything on the vehicle.

Q:Some of video from the first test launch showed the vehicle rolling when it climbed off the pad. Was that an issue or expected?

A: The bottom line on that one is the guidance team didnt want to over-constrain the roll. The roll is the least damped axis. When youve got nine engines on the bottom, theres a lot of plume-plume interaction. The nine engines sort of interact with each other, and its very easy to cause roll torques. What the GNC (Guidance, Navigation and Control) team decided to do is we would let the vehicle roll, but we would control it to a rate. So the vehicle rolled to the pre-programmed rate, and that gave us the ability to characterize all of the engines and the roll characteristics of the vehicle. On the next flight, we probably wont run that same algorithm, or well keep the vehicle in one attitude, but for us, it was all part of the test program to learn and to characterize all those weird torques that are impossible to try and learn on the ground.

Q:What do you use for roll control?

A: All of the nine engines on the bottom are gimballed. Its a simple gimbal command that controls the roll. On the second stage, its a Reaction Control System which controls the roll. If you notice, on the second stage because theres only one engine and we dont have all that plume-plume interaction funkiness, youll see in the videos the second stage didnt roll at all. It was rock solid and rigid because there was no external influencing to create the roll.

If you watch the first Falcon 9 launch, I think they did the same thing as us. They had a roll on the first Falcon 9 launch. They probably did the exact thing as us trying to characterize all those weird conditions.

Q:Do you plan to provide live publicwebcast for your next launch?

A:Ithink we probably will. Its a resource issue for us at the moment, standing all that up and doing it in a way thats a good enough job. I think well take a crack at it.

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Q&A with Peter Beck, founder and CEO of Rocket Lab - Spaceflight Now

Uhuru votes were inflated, Nasa tells electoral agency – Daily Nation

Sunday August 13 2017

Nasa agents at Bomas of Kenya on August 10, 2017 during the presidential results tallying. The coalitions technical team has presented a dossier to IEBC in which it claims there were discrepancies in the presidential results transmission. PHOTO | DENNIS ONSONGO | NATION MEDIA GROUP

It was the basis on which Nasas agents, Mr Musalia Mudavadi and Mr James Orengo, walked out of the Bomas of Kenya.

The dossier claims the existence of a non-gazetted polling station.

Nasas technical team has presented a dossier to IEBC in which it claims there were discrepancies in the presidential results transmission from polling stations to the national tallying centre.

The five-page document was handed over to the Independent Electoral and Boundaries Commission on Friday.

It was the basis on which the coalitions agents, Mr Musalia Mudavadi and Mr James Orengo, walked out of the Bomas of Kenya in Nairobi, accusing the commission of disregarding their concerns over the conduct of the elections.

The document raises questions on the authenticity of some of the forms 34A and 34B and the tallying of votes.

In the report, Nasa also claims alteration of presidential results, the presence of non-gazetted polling stations and exaggeration of the number of voters in some regions.

Saturday, Ms Ogla Karani, Mr Raila Odingas deputy chief agent who prepared the document, said the commission had only made available 29,000 forms 34As against the total of 40,883, which was the total number of gazetted polling stations.

These discrepancies were detected through an audit of the documents made available to us by the commission.

"Our evidence is based on critical analysis of the information we have gathered from the commissions portal in comparison to the results that were displayed, as well as copies of forms 34A and 34B we received from agents, Ms Karani told Nation.

The document says a sample of form 34A received from Baringo Central Constituency indicates the total number of votes cast at the Cereals Board polling station stood at 376, while the total number of ballots rejected was the same figure 376.

The dossier claims the existence of a non-gazetted polling station in the same constituency, named the AIC Visa Oshwal in Karbarnet. It further claims President Uhuru Kenyatta garnered 940 votes at this station against 194 for Mr Odinga.

The challenge here is the threshold that requires no polling station to record more than 700 registered voters, but this station recorded over and above the legally allowed figure, says the document.

According to the report, results from the Kiambiu Social Hall polling station in Kamukunji Constituency indicate that Mr Odinga garnered 414 votes against Mr Kenyattas 67.

However, those recorded on the IEBC portal show Mr Odinga having garnered 298 against Mr Kenyattas 118.

From this, Nasa says 116 votes were deducted from its candidate, while 51 were added to Mr Kenyatta.

The same situation, according to Nasa, was noted at the Nivansara Primary School polling station in Bomachoge Constituency, where results from agents indicate that Mr Odinga garnered 362 votes against Mr Kenyattas 89 votes.

However, the results on the portal show that Mr Odinga received 319 votes against 108 for the President.

From this station, details available on the portal reveal 43 votes were deducted from the Nasa principal and 19 votes added to the Jubilee candidate, the document states.

According to Nasa, for the Gucha County Council Hall polling station in Bomachoge Chache Constituency, the IEBC portal indicates Mr Kenyattas votes were inflated by 119, from the 104 he garnered to 223. Forms 34A indicate President Kenyatta garnered 104 votes.

The document says at the Antuanuu Primary School polling station in Tigania East Constituency, the number of votes filled by agents on Form 34A show that the Nasa candidate garnered 105 against Jubilees 401.

But the portal is said to indicate that Mr Odinga got 100, which is five votes less, and Jubilee secured 431 votes, which is 30 votes more than what the agents recorded on Form 34A.

Nasa said at the Borborwet polling station in Belgut Constituency, an audit of forms 34A shows that Mr Odingas votes were reduced by 4 and the incumbents increased by 8.

At the Simotwet polling station in Belgut Constituency, Nasa said Mr Odinga garnered 40 votes against Mr Kenyattas 603. On the portal, Mr Odingas votes are said to have been recorded as 24.

This same polling station has registered more than legally accepted numbers. Besides, the commission results show that Mr Kenyatta had 613 votes while the Form 34A presents 603, implying that 10 votes have been added in his favour, says the report.

According to Nasa, in Kericho County, Form 34B from Bureti Constituency shows the number of registered voters as 82,417.

The votes cast were 68,505, with 224 recorded as rejected.

The valid votes are recorded as 68,700. The Nasa team argues that the total number of presidential votes is 59,750, indicating a variance of 8,950 of non-existent voters.

In the same constituency, Form 34B indicates the number of votes counted exceeded the number of registered voters at the Lalagin Primary School polling station, according to Nasa.

For the Chakani Primary School polling station in Kilifis Kaloleni Constituency, the portal is said to indicate 221 votes for Mr Odinga while Form 34A indicates 232, an indication that 11 votes were deducted from the Nasa candidate.

The opposition coalition said for the CCM Kiganjoni Primary School polling station in Nyeri Town Constituency, Form 34A indicates that votes were cancelled and another figure, 260, written on the sheet for Mr Kenyatta. Nasa said the form was also not stamped.

At the Matathia Primary School polling station in Lari Constituency, the President garnered 313 votes as entered on Form 34A. But on the IEBC portal, the figure was inflated by 80 votes, according to the report.

Nasa said Form 34B from Subukia Constituency shows that the President garnered 41,337 and Mr Odinga 1,273 against a total of 43,165 valid votes cast.

However, the commissions portal is said to have indicated that Mr Kenyatta got 41,974 votes and Mr Odinga 1,285, while the total number of valid votes cast are recorded as 43,435.

From this, the document claims that the incumbents votes were inflated by 637.

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Uhuru votes were inflated, Nasa tells electoral agency - Daily Nation