Prohibition of dagga was racist – historian | News24 – News24

Pretoria - The prohibition of dagga in South Africa in the late 1800s was racist and irrational according to historian Craig Paterson.

Paterson was testifying in the dagga trial on Monday at the North Gauteng High Court.

He said he had concluded that dagga was banned because it was mostly blacks and Indians who smoked it at the time.

He said the history of the prohibition of cannabis did not find ground in rationality, reason, science or good law making but rather in racism, irrationality, social Darwinism, poor politics and non-science.

Paterson said historical evidence showed that alcohol led to far more arrests and prosecutions than cannabis.

According to Paterson, a South African Indian immigrant commission report in 1887 paved the future for debates around cannabis in the country.

The focus of the report was based largely on labourer indolence.

"The inference is that insanity wasn't the main concern, but rather it was labour," said Paterson.

Prohibition was called for in the 1870s and in 1949 the National Party requested a special commission into cannabis.

He said the commission retained the argument of moral degradation which showed its tacit acceptance of racial hierarchy and racism.

He also referred to this as the use of social Darwinism.

During cross examination the State said it would discredit Paterson as an expert and added that the entire history mentioned in his testimony was irrelevant.

Outside court a large group of anti-cannabis protesters sang songs and held up signs saying cannabis caused users to go crazy.

Protesters wore Gauteng Social Development T-shirts.

Gauteng Social Development MEC Nandi Mayathula-Khoza said she supported the picket against the legalisation, use and possession of cannabis.

We will continue to mobilise Local Drug Action Committees, NPOs, Recovering Service Users, families, Faith Based Organisations, NPOs and as many people of Gauteng as possible to participate," said Mayathula-Khoza in a statement.

"Dagga is a serious problem in our communities and it is a gateway to more harmful drugs. Dagga addiction causes misery in communities and the negative effects are long lasting. The mental institutions are full to the brim with service users suffering from substance induced psychosis."

The trial is expected to resume on Wednesday.

24.com encourages commentary submitted via MyNews24. Contributions of 200 words or more will be considered for publication.

Read more from the original source:

Prohibition of dagga was racist - historian | News24 - News24

Social media a double-edged sword, IG cautions students – The Hindu

Exhorting children to throw the box and think, P. Vijayan, Inspector General, Kochi Range, has said that it is innovative flavour that strikes a chord with the changing world.

Speaking at this years district-level launch of The Hindus Newspaper in Education (NIE) programme at Bhavans Vidya Mandir, Eroor, on Monday, Mr. Vijayan said the young took to the new media instantly as they were born in the era of knowledge and information explosion.

However, he was quick to sound the note of caution and termed the social media a double-edged sword.

Be updated

Children who kept themselves updated with the changing world would be the fittest while others would be out of sync with the times, he said.

It is a kind of Social Darwinism, if you are the fittest, then the sky is the limit, he said.

The new generation has the advantage of having the media as part of their lives while growing up.

But abuse it and misuse it, and your life is at risk, he said. Most cyber offenders were adolescents, he added. Use it for enriching knowledge and for realising your dreams, Mr. Vijayan told students.

Even though students seemed to be updated with technology, their general awareness on various issues was found wanting, he said.

Speaking about his association with The Hindu since 1987, Mr. Vijayan said that reading the newspaper as a civil service aspirant had helped him develop his views on various issues and enabled him to understand what was going on in society.

Focused coverage

On the NIE School Edition of the The Hindu, he said children would find it interesting as it gave them news in a focused and interesting package.

Nirmala Venkateshwaran, Senior Principal, BVM, Eroor, welcomed the chief guest.

Mili Susan Paul, NIE co-ordinator of the school, proposed the vote of thanks. N.V. Balamurali, Deputy General Manager, Circulation, and Sandhya Varma, Assistant Manager, Circulation, The Hindu, also took part. The Hindu has so far enrolled about 50 schools in and around the district under the NIE programme.

Excerpt from:

Social media a double-edged sword, IG cautions students - The Hindu

AI, Robotics find way into B-school curriculum – Economic Times

MUMBAI: Artificial intelligence and robotics are making their way into management curriculum of the countrys business schools, including Indian Institutes of Management, even as machine intelligence and Internet of Things increasingly influence business strategies and analytics. Two months ago, SP Jain Institute of Management & Research (SPJIMR) launched two courses Reinventing Business with IoT, Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning and IoT in Supply Chain for students of its flagship MBA programme.

The institute aims to expose students to full ecosystem of IoT, said Anil Vaidya, area head of information management at SPJIMR. A management graduate will not do an engineers job, but in a world where automation is fast disrupting businesses, anyone in leadership position must have knowledge of technology, which they can use to improve business, he told ET.

As part of the courses, students would build their own IoT devices, deploy them in the real world and monitor their working, using cloud services. They would be able to store data in cloud that they can access and download when required to do necessary analysis.

Indian Institutes of Management (IIMs) in Bengaluru and Kozhikode are offering courses on AI and robotics that can be connected to business strategy to enhance performance, output and customer experience. Others such as IIM Calcutta cover AI within broader courses on business and data analytics.

IIM Kozhikodes revised Fellow Program in Management (FPM) curriculum of the IT and systems area has both artificial intelligence and machine learning as elective courses. Employability of students enhances with skills, and peaks if enthusiasm can be tapped into, said Mohammed Shahid Abdulla, associate professor, information technology and systems at IIM Kozhikode.

AI and machine learning have both managerial applicability and a futuristic touch that enthuses students, he said. One of the courses focuses on AI-linked automation and replacement of human job roles.

IIM Bangalore has an elective course on AI for its MBA students. U Dinesh Kumar, chairperson of the Data Analytics Lab at IIMB, said several students are opting for it. A lot of the automation happening today is through AI and machine learning, and it is a necessity for managers to learn how to provide decision through analytics, he said. IIM Calcutta conducts a specialised course in business analytics.

Anindya Sen, professor of economics at IIM Calcutta, said AI and machine learning have become essential tools in strategy courses when you are producing CEOs and managers.

Vaidya of SPJIMR said its vital for students to understand the technological foundation and design business perspective on top of it. The idea is to teach them do ask the right questions, to get the right vendors to develop these, how to stream data, how to write a bot, etc., he said.

MBA students should know the business value of all this and connecting all these concepts with business to figure out the different business models and improve customer engagement. Globally, a few business schools such as The Kellogg School of Management, MIT Sloan School of Management and INSEAD run standalone programmes on AI and robotics.

Others, such as NYU Stern School of Business, Harvard Business School and London Business School explore AI within courses on data analytics and coding.

See the article here:

AI, Robotics find way into B-school curriculum - Economic Times

Blue Ocean Robotics – Robotics Online (press release)

Blue Ocean Robotics Posted 08/14/2017

Blue Ocean Robotics opens Joint Venture office in Singapore and brings its We Create and Commercialize Robots business to the fast-moving and rapidly growing Asian market.

ODENSE, DENMARK - AUGUST 14 2017 - Blue Ocean Robotics announces the opening of Blue Ocean Robotics SEA (Southeast Asia) with base in Singapore, where the needs of a rapidly ageing society and a focused political initiative on market development, are driving demand for robotics. The establishment is motivated by the governments earmarked budget of SGD 450 million (USD 330 million) as part of The National Robotics Programme, to support the societal robotic scaleup and industry-level transformation from 2016 to 2019. From Singapore, the company will target the surrounding countries of Southeast Asia , whose 662 million population makes it the worlds third largest market (after China and India).

The Joint Venture will also be the vehicle for Blue Ocean Robotics to work with users and partners in China, the worlds second largest economy (annual growth rate ranging from 6 to 7%) which is fast shaping up to become a future leader in innovative technology and business models.

- Blue Ocean Robotics SEA is excited to bring not just new technology but a new partnership model to the market. We co-create robots in close partnership with end-users and market leading companies. Thus, we bring developers, researchers and businesses together, to bring innovative robot solutions to the market by utilizing living labs as test beds. Asia offers a large pool of investors looking for new growth businesses. It is key to these investors that the technology has been verified by the end user to solve a scalable need in the market. By bringing everyone together in the development process, we can contribute to better quality-of-life, productivity and work environment for users and workers alike in healthcare, education, manufacturing, agriculture, construction, offshore and logistics, says Peter Tan, CEO and Partner of Blue Ocean Robotics SEA.

Peter Tan will take the seat as CEO. Peter has more than 30 years of management and operations experience in automation and robotics from the manufacturing, telecommunications, transportation and healthcare sectors. In the position he brings in-depth knowledge of international business, having set up green-field operations in Suzhou (China) and managing markets in China, the rest of Asia, Europe and USA.

The second partner is C. L. Goh, who is the founder of MMI Systems, a leader in industrial test equipment and robotics automation in data storage. He is also investor and board member in several start-ups in robotics and life sciences. Chee Bin Tay, co-founder of AI4U, also joins Blue Ocean Robotics SEA as Director. Chee Bin Tay brings a proven track record and expertise in defence technology, an influential leadership role in future advanced material systems technologies, advanced ICT technologies and innovative transportation platforms. Chee Bin Tay is also investor and advisor to technology start-up companies in nano-materials, robotics and artificial intelligence.

- We are experiencing a great deal of interest in our RoBi-X partnership program from both private and public partners from the Southeast Asian region. On top of that we find it appealing that the Singaporean government funds a growth program, that will increase the development rate and demand in robotics over the coming years. Therefore, our mission in Singapore and Southeast Asia is first and foremost to team up with new partners from various markets and then together design, develop and commercialize a range of new generations of robots which will eventually lead to a portfolio of robotic spin-out companies to be located within the Singaporean tech community and to be on a steep growth curve for the benefit of the region and our business. We are also excited about having C.L. Goh, Peter Tan and Chee Bin Tay as our partners in Blue Ocean Robotics SEA. With this team to lead our activities in Southeast Asia we are well positioned to be successful, says Claus Risager, Rune K. Larsen and John Erland stergaard, Co-CEOs and Partners of the Blue Ocean Robotics Group and based in Denmark.

Read the original:

Blue Ocean Robotics - Robotics Online (press release)

Robot hijacking threat in homes, cars could paralyse robotics industry, cyber expert warns – ABC Online

Updated August 15, 2017 09:50:12

Imagine having a robot in your kitchen which is capable of cooking you dinner.

Well, for some it will soon be a reality. Now imagine what happens if your cooking robot is hijacked?

Dr Nicholas Patterson, a cyber security lecturer at Deakin University, has to take more than just the average laptop or smartphone into account nowadays; he also has to plan for if or when a robo chef is hacked.

"Think about if someone does hack that, how powerful it could be it's wielding knives and God knows what else," he said.

"Cyber security for robots is still a really new area, but I've spotted the holes quite early so I can see it's going to be a big problem.

"Someone in a certain country overseas can hack a robot in Australia and take control of that, spy on you, or attack you.

"You don't have to be in the next street or next house; you can be in another country."

Dr Patterson said robotic hacking had the potential to put a halt on the robotics industry.

With things such as robotic vacuum cleaners and drones becoming more common household items, he said other consumer robotics would be introduced a lot sooner than people thought.

By 2019, Dr Patterson said we could see up to 1.4 million new industrial robots installed in factories globally, and more would begin entering our homes as technology advanced at an alarming rate.

According to Dr Patterson, smaller robots might not pose much of a physical threat, however their speakers and microphones could be used to listen in to people's conversations.

"The larger ones are probably more the physical threat, like your robotic chef or the industrial type of robots," he said.

"The industrial ones are upwards of 200 pounds and they have things like lasers, welding devices and the clamping devices."

An SUV was hacked in the United States just last year.

"They could take over control of the car while it was mid-driving," Dr Patterson said.

He said in the past a person had also been able to hack into an airplane mid-flight.

"I think we're too much focused on laptops and phones, but there's these new avenues which are not looked at as much in terms of robots and passenger planes."

To prevent robotic hacking, Dr Patterson suggests updating anti-malware software and turning off Bluetooth and the wi-fi on robotic devices when not required.

He also recommends regularly changing the password you use to access the robot.

"Any remote doorways into the robot you want to switch off as best you can.

"Do we really need internet on a fridge or a TV? Probably not.

"Do we need it in a car? Yes, it helps download the GPS maps much more easily, but do we need that really?"

He said not only did it have the potential to cause problems surrounding privacy, but it could risk people's lives as well.

Topics: robots-and-artificial-intelligence, hacking, computers-and-technology, internet-culture, internet-technology, canberra-2600, australia, united-states

First posted August 15, 2017 07:30:00

More:

Robot hijacking threat in homes, cars could paralyse robotics industry, cyber expert warns - ABC Online

Robotics & AI Day provides a showcase of what is, what can be – The Signal

Three wide-eyed middle-school students stood over Turtlebot 3 Burger, one of the latest robots procured by University of Houston-Clear Lakes Center for Robotics Software. Under eight inches tall, it doesnt look much like a robot. It doesnt look anything at all like a turtle, let alone a hamburger.

Look! Is that a raspberry pie? one said excitedly as he pointed to one of the Turtlebots components.

I think so. Yes! Its raspberry pie, said another.

At least, thats what the exchange might have sounded like to an uninitiated attendee of the Robotics & AI Day, hosted by UH-Clear Lakes Center for Robotics Software in collaboration with San Jacinto College, University of Houston, Rice University, NASA and other area partners.

The middle-schoolers, who had accompanied a UH professor to the event, knew their stuff.

They were referring to Raspberry Pi, the credit-card size, fully programmable computer that runs Turtlebot 3 and tens of millions of other robots and devices. Raspberry Pi is a favorite in schools for teaching basic computer science and for robotics enthusiasts worldwide for learning how to code in Robot Operating System, or ROS, the ubiquitous, open-source middleware that tells robots what to do.

Turtlebot 3 is the third-generation of a mobile, extensible and relatively low-cost robot that thousands of developers use to learn ROS. Add an arm and a claw, a camera, GPS and collection receptacle and you have a valet that picks up after you or an off-world rover.

From cobbled-together parts, indispensable things are invented things we didnt know we needed until they existed. Careers are launched and industries are built, said Thomas L. Harman, professor of computer engineering, chair of the Engineering Department and director of the Center for Robotics Software. A case in point:

BMW uses the Robot Operating System in some of their self-driving cars, said Harman.

So if theyre using it, youre going to see ROS everywhere, said Harman, who added that he visited the German automotive giant in Munich. Their research facility 22 stories high.

More than 60 students, educators, engineers and others heard 20 five-minute presentations on a wide variety of robotics and artificial intelligence topics, from ongoing research projects to real-world solutions for NASA and the International Space Station.

Faculty and students from throughout the Greater Houston area presented topics such as robot mechanisms, motion planning, manipulation, robot swarm technology and robot programming.

Other thought-provoking presentations included research on what graphing the electrical impulses of the brains nerve cells might tell us about cognition, health, memory and the brains ability to heal; intelligent, energy-saving lighting systems; using augmented reality as a chemistry teaching tool, and a low-cost, networkable air-and-soil sampler to help farmers make informed, instantaneous decisions on where to best plant crops.

This was the second year for a day of robotics presentations at UHCL.

The point of Robotics & AI Day is collaboration, Harman said. All of the centers outreach programs are to let people know that this expertise is here. As with the Center for Robotics Software, the goal is to have a center of excellence based on the work being done at the University of Houston-Clear Lake, but that also encompasses work being done by other universities, NASA and other companies.

Learn more about UHCLs science and engineering centers and outreach programs at http://www.uhcl.edu/science-engineering/centers-initiatives.

Also published on Medium.

"THAT'S RIGHT -- twas I who set the house ablaze!"

Read the original here:

Robotics & AI Day provides a showcase of what is, what can be - The Signal

Robotics ETF Races To $1 Billion in AUM – ETF Trends

The ROBOGlobal Robotics & Automation Index ETF (NASDAQ:ROBO), the original exchange traded fund dedicated to robotics investing, has a new milestone to celebrate. Last week, the ETF topped the prestigious $1 billion in assets under management mark.

The once far flung concept of robotics is gaining some momentum. For example, the International Federation of Robotics expects that worldwide sales of robots will rise by 6 percent between 2014 and 2016, and over 190,000 industrial robots will be supplied to companies around the globe in 2016, said ROBO Global in the statement. ROBO debuted in late 2013.

The ETF tracks the ROBO Global Robotics & Automation Index, which is the brainchild of a team deeply entrenched in the robotics industry who created the innovative methodology, according to Dallas-based ROBO Global. The index and subsequent ETF offer investors access to the entire value chain of robotics, automation and artificial intelligence. The ROBO Global Robotics & Automation Index is comprised of 83 global companies from 14 countries in North America, Europe, Asia and the Middle East and offers almost no overlap with traditional equity indices.

ROBO follows a two-tiered, equal-weighted system that ensures the strategy provides diversified exposure to a broad global ecosystem of new and enabling technologies as well as established automation/robotic providers. The ETF holds 92 stocks.

The robotics ETFs portfolio may also provide exposure to companies with sustainable growth opportunities, as the underlying ROBO Global Robotics & Automation Index has exhibited attractive sales growth, EBITDA growth and earnings-per-share growth. The underlying index has even outperformed the broader technology and S&P 500 index since the 2008 financial downturn.

ROBO Global said there is now $1.6 billion allocated, on an international basis, its robotics index. That includes products in Europe and Asia tracking the benchmark.

Year-to-date, investors have added $828.6 million to ROBO. The ETF charges 0.95% per year, or $95 on a $10,000 investment.

For more information on the tech sector, visit our technology category.

More here:

Robotics ETF Races To $1 Billion in AUM - ETF Trends

Why 802.11ax is the next big thing in Wi-Fi – Network World

Zeus Kerravala is the founder and principal analyst with ZK Research, and provides a mix of tactical advice to help his clients in the current business climate.

I know, I know, Ive heard it before. A new technology comes along, and it promises to be the next big thing. Consumers and businesses buy it, and what happens? It fails to live up to the hype. In my opinion, almost every iPhone release over the past five years has been that way. Sure there were some cool new features, but overall its not something Id say was game changing.

One technology that does promise to live up to the hype is 802.11ax, the next standard for wireless LANs. I say that because this next generation of Wi-Fi was engineered for the world we live in where everything is connected and theres an assumption that upload and download traffic will be equivalent. Previous generations of Wi-Fi assumed more casual use and that there would be far more downloading of information than uploading.

I agree that 802.11ac made things somewhat faster, but it was a faster version of something that was designed with old-school assumptions in mind. Im sure everyone reading this has been in a situation where youve been at a conference center, stadium or in another public space, and everything is great. Then the keynote or concert starts or something else happens to get tens of thousands of people SnapChatting, tweeting, Facebooking (or SnapFacing if your New England Patriots Coach Bill Belichick), and things come to a crawl.

The problem with Wi-Fi isnt always the speed of the system. 802.11ac wave 2 gets us to or over the Gigabit barrier, which should be plenty of bandwidth for most people. The bigger problem with Wi-Fi is congestion and how current Wi-Fi handles lots of people trying to do wireless things and overcrowding the network. The ax standard solves these problems and others by completely redesigning how Wi-Fi works and taking some best practices from LTE.

Ax will be anywhere from 4x to 10x faster than existing Wi-Fi, but the wider and multiple channels greatly increase throughput. For example, if one assumes the speed is increased by 4x with 160 MHz channels, the speed of a single 802.11ax stream will be 3.5Gbps. The equivalent 802.11ac connection will be 866 Mbps. A 4x4 MIMO environment would result in a total capacity of about 14 Gbps. A client device that supported two or three streams would easily top 1 Gbps or much more.

If one knocked the channel width down to 40 MHz, which could happen in crowded areas like stadiums or college dorms, a single .11ax stream would be about 800 Mbps for a total capacity of 3.2 Gbps. Regardless of the channel size, 802.11ax will provide a huge boost in speed and total capacity.

One of the big advancements in LTE is something called orthogonal frequency division multiple access (ODMFA), which is an alphabet soup way of saying it does frequency division multiplexing. With previous versions of Wi-Fi, channels were held open until the data transmission had finished. Think of a line at a bank with only one teller where people have to queue up. MU-MIMO means there can be four tellers and four lines, but the people still need to wait for the transaction ahead of them is complete.

With OFDMA, each channel is chopped up into hundreds of smaller sub-channels, each with a different frequency. The signals are then turned orthogonally (at right angles) so they can be stacked on top of each other and de-multiplexed. With the bank analogy, imagine a teller being able to handle multiple customers when they are free. So customer one hands the teller a check and while that person is signing the check, the teller deals with the next customer, etc. The use of OFDMA means up to 30 clients can share each channel instead of having to take turns broadcasting and listening on each.

From a user perspective, the network will seem much less congested than with 802.11ac. Another benefit is that the 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz bands can be combined creating even more channels for data. The ax specification also includes something called QAM (quadrature amplitude modulation) encoding, which allows for more data to be transmitted per packet.

Any new Wi-Fi standard will improve battery life, since the range is typically further and data is transmitted faster so the client does not need to work as hard. However, ax has a new feature called wake time scheduling. This enables APs to tell clients when to go to sleep and provides a schedule of when to wake. These are very short periods of time, but being able to sleep a bunch of short times will make a big difference on battery life.

Ive talked with chip, AP and client device manufacturers about when to expect 802.11ax products, and we should see the first consumer Wi-Fi routers in the early part of 2018 with an outside shot of late 2017. After that, the business grade APs and clients will follow. We are certainly close enough that network managers should be starting the educational process and planning now.

If youre not sure what this means for your business, talk to your Wi-Fi vendor, as all the major wireless LAN suppliers are planning to support 802.11ax. One final point: If you need to upgrade now, I certainly wouldnt put if off and wait for ax. Wi-Fi is extremely important to businesses of all sizes and will become more important as the Internet of Things (IoT) becomes more widely adopted.

The evolution of client devices has been game changing, as theres almost nothing we do that doesnt involve them. The 802.11ax specification finally brings a Wi-Fi standard to the network that can support all of the things we want to do with our wireless LANs.

The rest is here:

Why 802.11ax is the next big thing in Wi-Fi - Network World

Virtual Reality: Cost of viewing headsets goes down, number of experiences goes up – KATU

by Stuart Tomlinson, KATU News

Whether its climbing mount Everest., floating around the International Space Station or taking a virtual tour of the White House, virtual reality expert Brandon Boone says there's never been a better time to jump into the virtual world. (KATU)

As the cost of virtual reality headsets continues to drop, the scope and magnitude of the available experiences is going up.

Whether it's climbing Mount Everest, floating around the International Space Station or taking a virtual tour of the White House, virtual reality expert Brandon Boone says there's never been a better time to jump into the virtual world.

Consider: the Occulus Rift VR headset dropped from about $700 last year to $400 right now.

"In virtual reality I can go climb Mount Everest and have the feeling of being high but at the same time knowing deep down in my mind that I'm not actually on Mount Everest," Boone said.

In addition to heart-pounding experiences, there is virtual reality software for meditation, sightseeing or just hanging out at the beach.

"People want to come right back into it as soon as they get out," Boone said.

Boone says virtual reality is not all fun and games. The devices are being used to train doctors, police officers and even sales people.

More here:

Virtual Reality: Cost of viewing headsets goes down, number of experiences goes up - KATU

How women are gaining ground in virtual reality – The Guardian

Prof Anneke Smelik says female artists need to start appropriating new technologies for their own storytelling. Photograph: Alamy

Virtual reality may be an industry in its infancy, but it is expected to generate $7.2bn (5.6bn) globally by the end of this year and be worth $150bn by 2020. Given that the technology is new and unlike much else in Silicon Valley, can it offer female creators the chance to start from and maintain a level playing field? Prof Anneke Smelik, an expert in visual culture at Radboud University in the Netherlands, believes the moment is ripe. Gaming, and VR generally, is considered very much a male genre, but female artists and filmmakers need to start appropriating new genres and technologies for their own storytelling, she says.

Why? Well, for one, the industrys biggest investments are being made in adrenaline-fuelled gaming experiences and pornography meaning that much of the content is dominated by men. In February, an extensive survey in the UK found that more men than women are likely to use VR; 20% said they had already, compared with 13% of women. Another study showed that two-thirds of women are not enthusiastic about trying VR.

It is not hard to see why: the tech world has a well-documented problem with sexism and virtual reality has yet to prove itself an inclusive space. Last year, gamer Jordan Belamire went viral after writing about being sexually assaulted online, highlighting questions of ethics, behaviour and consent in the virtual world, while Silicon Valley startup UploadVR faced a lawsuit over myriad claims, including gender discrimination and sexual assault suggesting that sexism in the industry has begun to infiltrate its content.

However, a number of female producers are determined to ensure that virtual reality will not share the same fate as other entertainment and tech sectors and are helping women reclaim the space by making content for and about women.

Independent filmmaker Jayisha Patel is one woman trying to exploit VRs potential. Her film Notes to My Father is a short documentary that explores the story of a human-trafficking survivor, an Indian woman named Ramadevi. When viewed through a headset, the perspective is chilling. One of the most harrowing scenes positions the viewer inside a train carriage full of men. In virtual reality, it is a vivid and uncomfortable depiction of what it is like to be the subject of the male gaze. I was trying to get the viewer to feel what its like being the only woman in the carriage and having all these men staring at you, hearing them adjust their belts, breathing heavily. You start to understand what its really like to be objectified, says Patel.

What I wanted to do with this film was not just use the female gaze in a story about sexual abuse, which is typically a womens issue, but use it to address the fact that men are often complicit in it and are instigators of it, she says. Doing stories about women is not just about showing empowered women on screen for a female audience, its also about showing vulnerability, so it can be a piece not just for a female audience, but for everyone. Here, the female gaze in virtual reality puts the viewer in the shoes of a character, offering an empathetic, sensory exploration of the female experience.

Another example of virtual reality that positions the viewer in a female space comes from producer and curator Catherine Allen. She runs a VRvirtual reality diversity initiative that tries to get more women to create virtual reality. Weve got this golden opportunity to make the VR space as inclusive and diverse as possible, but right now it is so male-dominated and the content reflects that. When I go on the Oculus store, Im hit by so many pieces that feel like theyre made by men, for men, she says.

Allen wanted to rectify this. Last year, she created No Small Talk, a VR talk show aimed at millennial women. Filmed in 360 degrees, it features presenter Cherry Healey and blogger Emma Gannon in a coffee shop chatting about everything from how to take photos with your smartphone to how it feels to suffer from anxiety. It feels like a visual podcast and is designed to make the viewer feel as if they are the third person at the table. We wanted to make it feel as though youre the quiet friend whos just sitting there and listening, says Allen.

The show was a step forward in creating virtual reality content that is accessible for female audiences, but it was not popular with everyone. Some of the male viewers we tested with just didnt get it. When women are having a conversation, men often describe it as gossip or chit-chat; it all sounds quite frivolous and unproductive. But when men are having a conversation, its described as discussion or deliberation or debate. We used this piece to really try to change that, by showing how women talk about big topics through everyday things, she says. It moves away from the thrill-seeking gimmick that so much virtual reality content is made up of these days.

Finding ways to amplify womens voices, stories and narratives is no mean feat, but virtual reality is starting to look like a positive space in which to execute those stories. Were still working out what virtual reality even is, how it fits into society and who experiences it, Allen says. I dont think it has more opportunity to expose people to womens stories than any other medium, but because, as an industry, it is newer we have a responsibility to help make it the most diverse form of entertainment it can be and one that can be reflective of society.

Read this article:

How women are gaining ground in virtual reality - The Guardian

When whales attack… in Virtual Reality – WCSH-TV

NOW: VR in Rockport Library

Amanda Hill, WCSH 7:16 PM. EDT August 14, 2017

Rockport Virtual Reality

ROCKPORT, Maine (NEWS CENTER) --While the internet and e-readers have taken away the necessity of a library, it's forced library directors to get creative; offering experiences you can't get from a smartphone.

"We've been sort of applying ourselves to different technologies and different things to make a library better for Rockport," said Ben Blackmon, the director of the Rockport Public Library.

Three weeks ago, the library installed a Virtual Reality system for patrons of any age.

"We've got a guided tour through the human vascular system, we've got some demos that let you walk around the Titanic," said Blackmon.

"It can facilitate experiences you wouldn't be able to have it any other way, specifically in STEM fields. It can take you to places you could never go, which is really neat, and we're going to hopefully use it to engage younger kids and the teen population, which is a little harder to grab."

2017 WCSH-TV

Read the original:

When whales attack... in Virtual Reality - WCSH-TV

CNN and Volvo Present the Solar Eclipse in an Unprecedented 360 Virtual Reality Live-Stream – CNN (blog)

CNNand Volvo Cars USA will present the solar eclipse from multiple locations, coast to coast,in an immersive two-hour360 live-stream experiencestarting at 1PM ET on August 21, 2017.

The astronomical and historicvirtual reality event will be available all around the world in 4K resolution atCNN.com/eclipse, CNNs mobile apps, Samsung Gear VR powered by Oculus via Samsung VR, Oculus Riftvia Oculus Video and through CNNs Facebook page via Facebook Live 360.

"CNN'sEclipse of the Century"will allow users to witness the first total solar eclipse totraverse the United States for the first time in nearly 40 years. The live show, hosted byCNNs Space and Science CorrespondentRachel Craneand former NASA AstronautMark Kelly, will harness stunningimagery from specially-designed 4K 360 cameras, optimized for low-light, that will capture seven 'total eclipse'moments stretching from Oregon to South Carolina.

While only a fraction of the countrywill be able to witness thetotaleclipse in-person, CNN's immersivelivestream will enable viewers nationwideto "go there" virtually and experiencea moment in history, seven times over. The livestream will be enhanced by real-timegraphics, close-up views of the sun, and experts from the science communityjoining along the way to explain the significance of this phenomenon.

As part ofVolvos partnership with CNN, four of the sevenlive-streamswill feature brandedcontent produced by CNNs brand studio Courageous forVolvo and integrate 2018 Volvo XC60s specially outfitted with advanced 360 cameras. The groundbreaking live 360 content by Volvo will spotlight four influencers in different locations, sharing their unique perspective and excitement for the future as they witness the solar eclipse from helicopters and road tours along the narrow path of totality. For more on Volvos partnership with CNN centered on the 2017 total solar eclipse, visitwww.RacingTheSun.com.

Additionally, on television, CNNmeteorologistChad Myerswill explain the science behind the solar eclipse, its course and timing; and CNN correspondentAlex Marquardtwill profile the excitement around the historical event. CNN correspondents will report live from locations across the path of the solar eclipse, with Marquardt in Oregon for the start,Stephanie Elamin Missouri,Martin Savidgein Tennessee, andKaylee Hartungin South Carolina.

For more information visitCNN.com/eclipse, and tune in to experience the event on August 21, 2017 at 1pm ET.

See original here:

CNN and Volvo Present the Solar Eclipse in an Unprecedented 360 Virtual Reality Live-Stream - CNN (blog)

Virtual Reality a real venture in Vernon – FOX 61

Please enable Javascript to watch this video

VERNON -- It is "game on" in Vernon where two recent college grads have taken their idea to another dimension.

Matt McGivern and Joe Eilert lived across the hall from each other at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute and were always avid gamers. These days the games they play are in virtual reality -- their new venture, Spark VR, opened in Vernon in May.

Spark showcases four bays (think indoor golf) where players can put elaborate headsets on and can immerse themselves in about 15 different games. McGivern, who works at Pratt and Whitney said"the technology has come such a long way in such a short period of time." Eilert, who works as an engineer by day at Electric Boat added, "you can fight zombies, swim with fish, or defend the castle, anything you want."

Both McGivern and Eilert bill Spark VR as the first virtual reality arcade in Connecticut and say the experience is a memorable one. "We love when people come in after using their little glasses at home because this blow their mind every time," McGivern said.

After demonstrating a zombie game called the Brookhaven Experiment, Eilert said, "the bigger picture is touse social virtual reality and see how far we can take it."

To learn more click here.

41.818680 -72.479037

Here is the original post:

Virtual Reality a real venture in Vernon - FOX 61

Virtual reality experience offered at Chico library – Chico Enterprise-Record

Chico >> Library patrons looking to escape reality now have more than just books to turn to for an adventure.

The Chico library now offers the opportunity to try the Oculus virtual reality headset, which the Butte County Library acquired through a virtual reality grant.

On Tuesday, about six people got acquainted with the headset during the second of three planned sessions this month to provide the community with a virtual reality experience.

During the program, participants played games such as Oculus First Contact and Blocks by Google. The games are meant to serve as an introduction on how to use the equipment and let people become acquainted to interacting with the system.

Library assistant Alex Chen said he wants people to keep an open mind about future possibilities on how the headset can be used.

Virtual reality can be an extremely interactive and immersive learning environment. Imagine traveling through your anatomy or stepping onto the International Space Station to learn how things operate. Ways to treat patients with posttraumatic stress disorder and anxiety orders are also being explored.

Most of the people at the library Tuesday said they couldnt wait for the Google Earth Virtual Reality game to be set up. The idea of being able to travel places anywhere in the world, places they otherwise would not have been able to go to, thrilled them.

The library will be hosting another virtual reality session 12:30-2 p.m. Aug. 29, for people 13 years or older. From there, the hope is to bring the headset out once a week and incorporate it in the new makerspace that should be completed later this year.

For more information visit buttecounty.net/bclibrary.

Advertisement

Follow this link:

Virtual reality experience offered at Chico library - Chico Enterprise-Record

Picture of the Day: Summer Bytes presents Colossus in virtual reality – Electronics Weekly (blog)

Running until Sunday, 27 August, the idea is to use virtual reality (VR) technologies to bring to life the history of Colossus the first electronic computer.

The web and mobile company Entropy Reality, which specialises in advanced content management using Ruby on Rails, iOS, Android, Windows, HTML5 and more, is based in the Bletchley Park Science and Innovation Centre.

It has worked with the management at the Bletchley Park museum to create a virtual reality experience in the Colossus and Tunny galleries, where users can walk around the galleries and immerse themselves in the story of how code breakers shortened the Second World War by unravelling Lorenz, the most complex enemy cipher, used in communications by the German High Command.

Margaret Sale, a trustee at the NMC, said the VR experience is astonishingly good and pushes the boundaries of current technology in homage to the worlds first computer. It brings a whole new dimension to the possibilities of computer conservation and for the outreach display of Museum artefacts, she said.

Eddie Vassallo, CEO of Entropy Reality, described the challenge of creating the VR representation of Colossus. Its size and detail are mind-blowing in real life, he said.

For the virtual world, we required massive servers to process its 65 million points of data. Each shot took 31 hours to process and export. Then we had the huge post-production task of stitching together all our images and deploy various tricks of the trade, just like a magician, to make sure the viewer looks where we want them to.

The National Museum of Computing, Summer Bytesspecial opening times are from Thursdays to Sundays from 12 noon to 5pm, until 27 August.

You can view the full details of opening times and guided tours over the next few weeks.

Read more here:

Picture of the Day: Summer Bytes presents Colossus in virtual reality - Electronics Weekly (blog)

Stanford Hosting Innovations In Psychiatry And Behavioral Health: Virtual Reality And Behavior Change Conference – UploadVR

The Stanford Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences is hosting its third-annual Innovations in Psychiatry and Behavioral Health conference on the Stanford campus at the Li Ka Shing Center for Learning and Knowledge at Stanford, CA on October 6 and 7.

The main focus of the conference will be using virtual and augmented reality as applied to treating anxiety, addiction, psychosis, pain, depression, PTSD, psychosomatic illness and other psychological disorders.

Speakers this year include Walter Greenleaf, Giuseppe Riva, Skip Rizzo, Pat Bordnick, JoAnn Difede, Diane Gromala, Hunter Hoffman, David Thomas, Jacob Ballon, Kim Bullock, Tom Caruso, Anne Dubin, Kate Hardy, Hadi Hosseini, Alan Louie, Sean Mackey, Elizabeth McMahon, Laura Roberts, Sam Rodriguez, Nina Vasan and Leanne Williams, among others.

Stanford is also putting out a call for VR Poster Abstracts due August 21, 2017 and Brainstorm VR Innovation Lab Entries, which are due September 1, 2017. You can submit your abstracts and ideas on the Stanford Medicine website.

For more information about the conference and to register, please visit the official Innovations in Psychiatry and Behavioral Health: Virtual Reality and Behavior Change site.

Read more:

Stanford Hosting Innovations In Psychiatry And Behavioral Health: Virtual Reality And Behavior Change Conference - UploadVR

Ash Koosha x TheWaveVR Host Live Virtual Reality Concert Beyond Political Borders – EARMILK (blog)

In a world where borders seem to be valued more than pathways, we are hindered in the pursuit of not just physical liberalities, but mental ones as well. Forming walls around creative expression itself, Donald Trump and his travel bans have constricted many individuals of their freedoms, including Ash Koosha, the Iranian-born London-based music producer and virtual reality advocate that scheduled a United States tour far before the travel bans went into action. When one door was shut, a whole world of possibilities opened. The minds behind TheWaveVR set out to collaborate with Ash Koosha, creating a virtual concert where boundaries are dissolved into a fusion of psychedelically inspired audio and visual synesthesia to audiences currently restricted from seeing the performance. Watch the trailer below to witness a sneak peak of the groundbreaking show.

TheWaveVR CCO and Co-Founder Aaron Lemke stated, There are no borders inside VR. Weve been working hard to develop a community thats both positive and inclusive, where all are welcome. Soon artists will be able to use our platform to reach all their fans at once, and these physical, man-made boundaries wont have so much power. Ash Koosha, a rebellious political activist in nature, was imprisoned and blacklisted by his home country for creating rock music and films. Wanting to push beyond the boundaries of governmental legislation,VR allows an inimitable gateway to deeper dimensions of Ashs vision, interweaving art and sound with infinite frontiers.Virtual reality has pioneered an era of mankind where we can connect to each other in an authentically impactful way, regardless of your location.

The show, titled AKTUAL, debuts on TheWaveVR concert platform on August 16 at 7pm pacific time, when fans with an HTC Vive or Oculus Rift can be transported to the show to interact as avatars in a shared virtual space in real-time. Ash Koosha will be manipulating both the music and visuals from London, all done in his HTC Vive virtual reality headset, transporting each viewer into the live TheWaveVRs virtual realm. TheWaveVR platform is in pursuit to redefine what live concerts can be, pushing the political, artistic, and musical agenda of our current reality.

The show will be streaming on TheWaveVRs Facebook page and Twitch page live.

TheWaveVR is the worlds first interactive music concert platform in VR and is currently in beta on Steam Early Access.

Connect with Ash Koosha: Instagram | Twitter | Soundcloud

Connect with TheWaveVR: Instagram | Twitter| Facebook

See more here:

Ash Koosha x TheWaveVR Host Live Virtual Reality Concert Beyond Political Borders - EARMILK (blog)

Peter Funt: Is Football’s Future a Virtual Reality? – Noozhawk

By Peter Funt | August 14, 2017 | 3:30 p.m.

Will football someday become the worlds first virtual professional sport?

With the NFLs preseason underway, high school and college players back on the practice fields, and tens of thousands of fantasy leagues conducting their annual drafts, lets put the question another way:

Which will happen first: the collapse of the NFL due to a shortage of players willing to risk injury? Or the development of computer-based football so compelling and unpredictable that it actually replaces the pro game loved by millions of fans?

For now, both scenarios seem far fetched but somethings gotta give. Football is being jolted as never before by both scientific and anecdotal evidence about the effects of repeated blows to the head.

What could the long-term future possibly be for a sport in which, for example, 40 former pros conduct a charity golf tournament (in California this summer) to raise money for research on traumatic brain injuries?

For a game in which more than 2,000 women turn to a Facebook page devoted to the health consequences faced by their loved ones employed as pro players?

The Federation of State High School Associations tabulates that participation in football has fallen for the fourth straight year with the latest seasonal drop totaling roughly 26,000 players. If the pipeline of human pro players eventually dries up, perhaps replacements will emerge from computer labs.

In fact, pro football has been inching toward virtual status for more than three decades. The crude computer efforts of the early 1980s, developed by companies such as Nintendo, have evolved into modern, high-definition versions so life-like that they are played by many NFL pros in their spare time.

The NFL has enthusiastically supported this in large part because of the license fees, but also, I believe, with an eye toward the future. The league also backs fantasy football, which continues to grow in popularity as more and more fans create and manage their own teams in computer-based leagues.

The problem, of course, is that computer games and fantasy leagues depend, at least for now, on real players and real on-field results. But that might someday change.

Consider what two of my acquaintances one a former pro player, the other an armchair fanatic say when asked about the state of football today.

The fan explains that he never goes to games anymore theyre too expensive, too rowdy and, moreover, not as enjoyable as watching on a large-screen, high-def television. He prefers a comfy chair, with reasonably priced snacks at hand and a computer propped on his lap to track multiple fantasy squads.

The former pro explains that if the average fan were ever to stand on the field during an NFL game he would be so sickened by the sounds of collisions and screams of pain that he would cease loving the sport. What you see on TV, he adds, are guys in helmets and pads looking very much like avatars in a video game.

Football is the only sport in which you can watch a player for several seasons yet very possibly have no clue whatsoever about what he looks like in person.

To my mind, these two insightful fellows are describing the foundation for totally virtual football. The NFL could control it, the networks would cover it, and gamblers might even support it.

Given the pace at which computer science is advancing, a truly equivalent virtual game can likely be crafted in a decades time.

Personally, Im finding it increasingly difficult to rationalize my passion for a sport that is so clearly proving to cause lifelong suffering for its participants. Im tired of all the dirty looks from my wife as she wonders why I so stubbornly support this game.

Ive grown used to getting the scores and stats from Siri and Alexa. I suppose Id be willing to have their colleagues play the game as well.

Peter Funt is a writer, speaker and author of the book, Cautiously Optimistic. He is syndicated by Cagle Cartoons and can be contacted at http://www.candidcamera.com. Click here for previous columns. The opinions expressed are his own.

More here:

Peter Funt: Is Football's Future a Virtual Reality? - Noozhawk

On Memetics

Mutations and recombination in cultural evolution Another claim in the recent Creanzaa, Kolodny and Feldman document (Cultural evolutionary theory: How culture evolves and why it matters) is my topic today. They say: Unlike in genetics, where mutations are the source of new traits, cultural innovations can occur via multiple processes and at multiple scales To start with, this is rather obviously not true: classically, mutations and recombination are the source of new traits in evolutionary theory. However, are the authors correct to claim that these processes need augmenting in cultural evolution? The answer, I think is: not if you conceive of them properly in the first place. Let me explain.

To start with, let's look at what the authors claim are the new processes that go beyond mutation in the cultural domain. They give two examples. One is individual trial-and-error learning. They also say that:

What about trial-and-error learning, though? Surely there is no leaning in genetics. Trial-and-error learning is a composite process. It starts with trials, which are often mutations of previous trials. Then there is the "error" part, which does not involve generating new variation at all, but rather is based on discarding information based on its success. In other words, it is selection, not mutation or recombination. By breaking trial-and-error learning down into its component parts, it is found to be a composite product of mutation, recombination and selection - not some entirely new process demanding fundamental additions to evolutionary theory. Skinner realised this, by formulating his learning theory while using evolutionary terminology (such as "extinction"). Many others have followed in his footsteps, conceiving of learning in evolutionary terms.

Isn't this a matter of terminology? With these author's definition of 'mutation' they are right, but with my definition of 'mutation', I am right? Yes, but terminology isn't a case of words meaning whatever you want them to mean. Scientific terminology should carve nature at the joints. Definitions of 'mutation' and 'recombination' that apply equally to both organic and cultural evolution are useful, I submit. Less general ones are not so useful.

To summarize, it is possible to conceive of mutation and recombination in a way that make them encompass all sources of variation. Mutations are sources of variation based on one piece of inherited information. Recombination is a source of variation based on two-or-more pieces of inherited information. In theory, it might appear that there's one other possible process: creation - variation based in inherited inforation which comes out of nowhere. One might give the origin of life as an example of genes arising from non-genes. However, we don't really need this proposed 'creation' process. Information never really comes out of nowhere. There's a law of conservation of information - parallel to the laws of conservation of energy and conservation of charge. We can see this in the microsopic reversibility of physics - information is neither created nor destroyed.

I claim then, that mutation and recombination have it covered. The additions to evolutionary theory proposed by these authors are not necessary. They are unnecessaary complications, which evolutionary biologists should soundly reject as not contributing anything to the basic theory.

The caption reads: "Cultural transmission is more complex than genetic transmission and may occur on short timescales, even within a single generation."

This diagram is profoundly misleading. It is based on a view of cultural evolution that doesn't include symbiology. A genes vs culture diagram that includes cultural symbionts on one side, but not genetic symbionts on the other is not showing the whole picture. Humans share DNA between individuals - in the form of bacteria, viruses, yeasts, fruits and vegetables - very much as they share culture between individuals.

Framing the diagram as "Human genes" vs "Human culture" is not comparing like with like. Bacterial and viral genes are not part of the human genome (unless you count the 10% of the human genome that is descended from viral genomes) - but human culture isn't part of it either. On the left, symbionts are excluded, while on the right they are included. It is an unfair comparison which leads to the confusion propagated by the caption. In fact parasite evolution can happen within a single host generation in both the cultural and organic realms. Contrary to the spirit of the diagram you can get genes from peers in both cultural and organic evolution. They are parasite genes, or symbiont genes in both cases. Cultural evolution does not differ from organic evolution in this respect. The idea that in culture you can get genes from many sources, while in organic evolution you only get them from your parents is a popular misconception about the topic.

The whole document has a whole section on "Culture and Microbes". However there is no mention of the idea that culture behaves similarly to microbes and other symbionts. The man-machne symbiosis, for example is not mentioned. Yet symbiosis is the very basis of the whole field according to memetics, one of the very few symbiosis-aware treatments of cultural evolution out there.

The neglect of symbiology in academic cultural evolution mirrors its neglect in the study of organic evolution - until the 1960s. However, cultural evolution's scientific lag means that cultural evolution is far behind, and few academics have even a basic understanding the relevance of symbiosis to the evolution of culture. Maybe these folk never read Cloak (1975) and Dawkins (1976).

I think the history of this misconception of the whole field in academia is fascinating. Why has it lasted for so long and why has it not yet been corrected? I don't have all the answers but I think the origin is fairly clear. Anthropologists wanted a complex theory of cultural evolution, to signal their skills to other academics and prospective students. They may also have wanted to distance themselves from previous attempts to marry evolution and culture. Any mention of biology turns most anthropologists off. Artificially weakening the influence of biology in the theory may have made the theory more palatable to other anthropologists. Still, science is a self-correcting enterprise. Eventually, the truth will out.

The exact same reply works for cultural evolution: to make testable predictions, use expected fitnesses.

I have seen much the same objection raised to the Price equation and Hamilton's rule. These have been criticised as tautologies by Martin Nowak and Edward Wilson among others. This criticism ought to be dead these days, but like a zombie, it refuses to lie down.

Dennett argues that we should make machines into our slaves and keep them that way. IMO, machine slavery will not be a stable state once machines become much more intelligent than humans. As a plan for keeping humans in the loop, machine slavery just won't work in the long term. If we try going down that path, after a while, humans will become functionally redundant, and some time after that they will mostly disappear.

IMHO, a better plan is to work on deepening the man-machine symbiosis - and "become the machines". Of course, that plan could also fail - but I think that it is less likely to fail catastrophically and it should provide better continuity between the eras. Machine slavery in various forms is inevitable in the short term. However unlike Dennett, I don't think it is any sort of solution. It won't prevent man-machine competition for resources in the way that Dennett appears to think. We have tried slavery before and have first-hand experience of how it can destabilize and fail to last.

Among my targets are proponents of the apocalypse. Two modern forms seem especially prominent. One is the idea that some combination of global warming, pollution, overpopulation and resource depletion will lead to environmental catastrophe. The other is the idea that machine intelligence, biotechnology, nanotechnology and robotics is likely to lead to human extinction.

In a few cases the same individuals engage in fearmongering on multiple topics. For example, Stephen Hawking has warned about the dangers of climate change, runaway artifical intelligence and alien invasions. On climate he has said:

On machine intelligence he has advised that:

He has also cautioned on the topic of alien contact arguing that aliens:

Another celebrity serial fearmongerer is Elon Musk. He's expressed similar concerns about the climate change and runaway machine intelligence.

I identify these types of sentiment as consisting largely of "attention-seeking fearmongering". This typically consists of associating yourself with a massive future catastrophe. Warnings may be given and sometimes advice about catastrophe avoidance is offered. As catastrophe alerts propagate you are promoted too - via a kind of memetic hitchhiking.

Some of the early proponents of this type of self-promotional technique applied to machine intelligence were Kevin Warwick and Hugo De Garis. Kevin Warwick wrote a 1997 book about how machines were going to take over the world, titled "March of the Machines: Why the New Race of Robots Will Rule the World". De Garis later wrote the book The Artilect War: Cosmists Vs. Terrans: A Bitter Controversy Concerning Whether Humanity Should Build Godlike Massively Intelligent Machines. However, neither author was very competent at fearmongering. Their efforts were pioneering but relatively ineffectual. These days, fearmongering is big business - with trillions of dollars being spent on global warming avoidance as a result. Many modern oranizations specialize in fearmongering.

I identify fearmongering as being a morally-dubious marketing technique. Part of the problem is that humans are naturally paranoid - due to the "sabre-tooth tiger at the watering hole" phenomenon. Our ancestors lived in a dangerous environment. These days, our environment is typically much, much safer. However we are still wired up as though the sabre-tooth tigers are still around. We are naturally paranoid. Fearmongering exploits human paranoia - typically for personal gain. It seems like a low form of manipulation to me.

Fearmongering is typically used as a type of negaative advertising. Negaative advertising is often seen in American political campaigns. There's also a long history of fearmongering in IT. There, the technique is often known as spreading Fear, Uncertainty and Doubt - or F.U.D. for short.

There's a children's story about the perils of "attention-seeking fearmongering": the boy who cried wolf. There, the moral of the story is that false warnings can damage your reputation. My message here is a bit different. I am not interested in advising the fearmongers to stop using their techniques. Rather I want to help everyone else to do a better job of ignoring them. One part of this is simply understanding what is going on. An interesting resource on this topic is Dan Gardner's Risk: The Science and Politics of Fear. The book is also known as "The Science of Fear: Why We Fear the Things We Shouldn't-and Put Ourselves in Greater Danger". For my part, I would like to contribute the terminology in the title of this post: "attention-seeking fearmongering". Naming things can make it easier for people to think about them.

Of course, some of the symbionts will be parasites. While also playing a role in pulling their hosts together, too many parasites are bad, and eusocial creatures often go to considerable lengths to eliminate them - with antibiotic compounds, grooming rituals, hairlessness, and highly-active immune systems. It seems likely that opposing selection pressures from parasites will form part of the "overcrowding" forces that eventually halt the progress towards greater levels of sociality.

Humans can hardly be classifed as being eusocial yet. As Matt Ridley sometimes jests, even the English don't let the Queen do all their reproducing for them. However humans are ultrasocial and seem to be headed towards full-blown eusociality with functional "individuals" forming at higher levels than human individuals - such as companies and organizations. We also have cultural eusociality. We may not be genetically eusocual but parts of our cultural heritage is memetically eusocial. Indeed some of it consists of multiple identical clones produced in factories (for example, think dollar bills or mobile phones).

Because they live in close quarters with one another ultrasocial creatures are vulnerable to parasite transmission. As a result they often have highly active immune systems to compensate. Humans exhibit one prominent trait associate with parasite defense - they are hairless. Over time, our hairlessness has been the topic of much speculation, but it seems fairly clear that a significant part of the story is that being hairless allows us to pick parasites off ourselves and each other, and denies the parasites shelter. Of course, parasites can still shelter in clothes and bedding - but those can be discarded.

My purpose in this post is to draw attention to the corresponding memetic phenomenon. Memes are drawing us together to promote their own reproductive ends - and as we grow closer, memetic parasites are likely to become a bigger problem - as the most virulent strains of memes from all over the planet reach the most vulnerable humans in each society. As a resut, fertility has already plummeted in places like Japan and South Korea. It seems likely that humans will respond with heightened immune responses - both genetic and memetic. Memetic defenses include education, skepticism and memetic vaccines targeted against specific problems, such as pyramid schemes. Memetic probiotics can be used to fight bad memes with good memes. We have hospitals to help fight organic diseases, and there will probably be an upswing of simiar rehab facilities designed to treat cultural infections. In the past exorcisms heped to serve the function of casting out bad memes, though these days we have more secular versions - such as weight watchers, alcoholics anonymous, smoking rehab, drug rehab, gymnasiums and the samaritans. Quarrantine is smetimes used to fight organic diseases - and there are similar cultural ohenomena - including "gag" orders, DCMA take-down notices and imprisonment.

In memetics (and genetics), it is quite common to use "vehicular" metaphors when describing these. So, for example, we have:

What is the difference between hijacking and hitchhiking? It is partly one of consent - a hitchhiker has permission to ride in the vehicle while the hijacker does not. Outcomes also differ - a hitchhiker rarely damages the vechicle or its owner, while a hijacker often does so. Another difference is control - hitchhikers rarely alter the destination, rarely control the vehicle and rarely eject the owner - while hijackers fairly often do these things.

With these differences in mind, it seems fairly clear that hijacking and hitchhiking are probably different enough concepts for memetic hitchhiking ...and... memetic hijacking to coexist.

At first glance, the idea of the rider having "permission" to ride in the vehicle seems irrelevant in the context of memes and genes. However, we can conveniently substitute whether the guest rider is beneficial or not - on the grounds that deleterious riders would not normally be granted permission to ride - if we "agentify" the memes or genes involved.

This gets us on to the topic of usage in genetics. There, "genetic hitchhiking", is standard terminology - and hardly anyone uses the term "genetic hijacking". However if the difference between hitchhiking and hijacking is the sign of the fitness difference the guest rider makes, then maybe geneticists should start doing so.

As you can see, I have warmed up to the "hijacking" terminology. That the contraction memejacking exists is another point in its favor in my opinion. It is true that it is a significant problem that there's no "genejacking" - but maybe there should be.

The first thing to say is that it isn't just memes genes and quemes - Darwinian dymanics arise on multiple levels within the brain, for, for example, signals in the brain are copied whenever an axon divides, and are subect to selection and variation - producing a kind of neuronal spike Darwinism. Another type of Darwinian dynamics in the brain arises as a result of competition for resources between branching axon and dendrite tips. ideas are also copied with variation and selection within the brain - including ideas that don't normally qualify as memes because they were not the product of social learning.

One way in which we can expect the dynamics to differ from meme-gene coevolution is that culture is new on the scene, while the other kinds of psychological and neurological Darwinism have been going on for many millions of years. There will have been more time for the genes to adapt and reach a steady state equalibrium with these other Darwinian processes - while meme-gene coevolution is clearly out of balance and is still shifting.

An important way to understand the results of evolutionary processes is to consider their optimization targets. When there's coevolution there are usually multiple optimization targets, and one needs to understand how they interact by considering the power and speed of the optimization processes involved. Quantum Darwinism looks as though it could be fast, which means that we should take it seriously. Assuming that we reject Copenhagen-style versions of Quantum Darwinism in which branches of the wavefunction collapse and die, quantum Darwinism is a kind of splitting only, quasi-Darwinism - where differential reproductive succees in important while differential death is not. With this perspective in mind, the "goal" of quantum evolution appears to be to put us in the most split (and most splitting) worlds. One way to understand the implications of this is to take a thermodynamic perspective. World splitting is populatly associated with irreversible thermodynamic effects. What that means is that quantum Darwinism can be expected to behave like other kinds of Darwinism - in terms of maximizing entropy production.

I think this thermodynamic perspective helps get a handle on the significance of quantum Darwinism in the brain. If the brain ran hot, there would be lots of scope for quantum Darwinism in the brain, while if it runs cool, there's less scope for quantum Darwinism to operate. Most agree that the brain is on the cool side - considering what it is doing.

I think that genes are likely to be optimizing for cool brains, and brains that optimise for gene-coded functions. This may often pit them against quantum Darwinism in the brain. A cool brain is good news for quantum computation theories of mental function (fewer thermodynamic irreversible events means less chance of decoherence) - although those look implausible to me on other grounds. However a cool brain doesn't help the argument for quantum Darwinism being important in the brain.

Evolutionary processes liek to "harness" each other, to bend their optimization targets towards each other. Because quantum Darwinism in the brain has coevolved for millions of years with the genes, they have had a long time to find ways to harness the power of quantum Darwinism. However, the classical way for one evolutionary process to harness another one is by altering its fitness function. The genes might find it hard to affect the fitness function of quantum Darwinism since that is tied up with fundamental physics. That is going to make harnessing its effects more challenging. Another potential way for one evolutionary process to harness the effects of another one is by influencing the variants that it chooses between. However, this mechanism seems weaker and less useful.

My conclusions here are pretty tentative, but the picture I am seeing here is that the brain might not be able to make much use of quantum Darwinism because it is an alien selection process whose optimization target can't easily be controlled. In which case, the brain might be best off attempting to minimize its influence. This would be a rather boring conclusion. Mutualism and harnessing would be a much more interesting result. However, I stress again that it is somewhat uncertain. Maybe the brain can make some use of the power of quantum Darwinism by influencing the things it selects between. Or maybe evolution is smarter than I am and has found ways to make use of it that I haven't thought of.

The last concept is the one that this post is about. I think of it as being "ecological success". Kudzu has it. Ants have it. Islam has it. The decimal system has it. I think one reason this type of metric is not more popular and better-known is that there's no consensus regarding the best way to measure it. A thermodynamic metric seems attractive to me: since resources can all (in principle) be manufactured from available energy. Another possible metric involves weighing the systems involved - to measure their mass. This is sometimes done when measuring the extent to which humans have conquered the globe, for example.

A sister concept is "ecological dominance". It refers to extreme levels of success - where competitors are either obliterated or marginalized.

These concepts can also be applied within particular niches. Entities which are doing badly overall may be succeeding in or dominating their particular niche.

If anything, attempting to apply these concepts to cultural evolution is even harder than with organic systems. Gene-meme coevolution results in entanglement in terms of gene and meme products, which makes weighing them and calculating the energy flux through them more challenging. The most common metrics used in cultural evolution are a bit different. "Mindshare" is a common concept which is used to measure cultural popularity within a cultural niche. Assuming that a meme is either possessed by a host, or not, and assuming whether they have it or not is measurable, the mindshare of a meme can be measured for a given population. Another common metric that is used is US dollars. Cultural products sometimes have monetary value, and sometimes that can be calculated or estimated. However, some of the most common memes are free. It seems as though these memes would be unfairly disadvantaged by value-based metrics of popularity. The internet has brought with it some other common popularity metrics: views, links, clicks and likes. Unfortunately the supporting data is not always publicly available. This data is beginning to be used by scientists.

See more here:

On Memetics

Cancer patients who use alternative medicine more than twice as likely to die – The Independent

An artists impression showing the proposed London Garden Bridge. The 200m plan to build a bridge covered with trees over the River Thames in central London has been abandoned. The Garden Bridge Trust said it had failed to raise funds since losing the support of the Mayor of London, Sadiq Khan in April

EPA

Sir Mo Farah stands at the top of the Coca-Cola London Eye as he bids a final farewell to British track athletics after winning gold in the 10,000m and silver in the 5,000m at the IAAF World Championships in his home city

PA

A dog retrieves a shot grouse on Lofthouse Moor in North Yorkshire as the Glorious 12th, the official start of the grouse shooting season, gets underway.Grouse moor estates received millions of pounds in subsidies last year, according to analysis which comes amid a debate over the future of farming payments after Brexit

PA

Hot air balloons in the air after taking off in a mass ascent at the Bristol International Balloon Fiesta.

PA

The scene in Rosslyn Avenue, Sunderland, after an explosion at a house.

PA

Police on Goose Lane bridge which goes over the M11 motorway near Birchanger which is closed after a van driver was killed in a motorway crash after what "appears to be a lump of concrete" struck his windscreen and his vehicle hit a tree.

PA

Emergency services at the scene in Lavender Hill, southwest London, after a bus left the road and hit a shop.

PA

Guards march up to Windsor Castle in the rain as a yellow weather warning for rain has been issued for parts of the UK. Heavy rain has brought flooding to the north-east of England

PA Wire

A car on fire in the North Queen Street area of Belfast, close to the site of a contentious bonfire. The car was torched shortly after 10pm on Monday night

PA Wire

A post-Brexit trade deal with the US could see a massive increase in the amount of cancer-causing toxins in British milk and baby food

Reuters

Acts gather amongst the crowds at the Edinburgh Fringe Festival on the Royal Mile in Edinburgh.

PA

New world 100m champion Justin Gatlin pays respect to Usain Bolt after the Jamaicans last solo race

Reuters

Katarina Johnson-Thompson of Great Britain (Lane 6) and Carolin Schafer of Germany (Lane 7) and their opponants compete in the Women's Heptathlon 100 metres hurdles during day two of the 16th IAAF World Athletics Championships London 2017 at The London Stadium.

Getty Images

Taoiseach Leo Varadkar is greeted by PSNI and Garda police officers representative of the gay community as he attends a Belfast Gay Pride breakfast meeting in Belfast, Northern Ireland. The Irish Prime Minister is on a two day visit to the province having already met with DUP leader Arlene Foster yesterday. The DUP, Northern Ireland's largest political party have so far blocked attempts to legalise gay marriage.

Getty Images

Members of Unite employed by Serco at Barts Health NHS Trust, on strike over pay, protest outside Serco's presentation of financial results at JP Morgan, in London.

PA

Athletics - IAAF World Athletics Championships Preview - London, Britain - August 3, 2017 Great Britain's Mo Farah takes a photo in the stadium

Reuters

Britain's Bank of England Governor, Mark Carney, addresses journalists during a press conference to deliver the quarterly inflation report in London, August 3, 2017. REUTERS

Reuters

Bank of England and British Airways workers stage a protest outside the Bank of England in the City of London.

PA

Britain's Prince Philip, in his role as Captain General, Royal Marines, attends a Parade to mark the finale of the 1664 Global Challenge, on the Buckingham Palace Forecourt, in central London, Britain.The 96-year-old husband of Britain's Queen Elizabeth, made his final solo appearance at the official engagement on Wednesday, before retiring from active public life.

REUTERS

Jamaica's Usain Bolt gestures during a press conference prior to Bolt's last World Championship, in east London

AFP/Getty Images

Riders wait at the start on Horse Guards Parade in central London ahead of the "Prudential RideLondon-Surrey Classic 2017", UCI World Tour cycle race in London.

AFP/Getty Images

Horse and riders take part in the Riding of the Marches ford on the River Esk, alongside the Roman Bridge in Musselburgh, East Lothian, during the annual Musselburgh Festival organised by the Honest Toun's Association.

PA

A wide view of play during day two of the 3rd Investec Test match between England and South Africa at The Kia Oval

Jordan Mansfield/Getty Images

A nurse shows a message on his phone to colleagues as they take part in a protest near Downing Street in London. The Royal College of Nursing have launched a series of demonstrations, as part of their 'Summer of Protest' campaign against the 1 percent cap on annual pay rises for most NHS staff

Carl Court/Getty Images

Two men look through binoculars at US Navy Nimitz-class aircraft carrier USS George H.W. Bush anchored off the coast on in Portsmouth, England. The 100,000 ton ship dropped anchor in the Solent this morning ahead of Exercise Saxon Warrior 2017, a training exercise between the UK and USA

Jack Taylor/Getty Images

Connie Yates, mother of terminally-ill 11-month-old Charlie Gard, arrives at the Royal Courts of Justice in London on where a High Court judge is set to decide where baby Charlie Gard will end his life

Daniel Leal-Olivas/AFP

UK Foreign Secretary Boris Johnson gestures while posing for a photograph at the Sydney Opera House, in Sydney. Johnson is there to attend AUKMIN, the annual meeting of UK and Australian Foreign and Defence Ministers.

Dan Himbrechts

Britain Prime Minister Theresa May walks with her husband Philip in Desenzano del Garda, by the Garda lake, as they holiday in northern Italy

Antonio Calanni/AFP

England team players pose after winning the ICC Women's World Cup cricket final between England and India at Lord's cricket ground in London

Adrian Dennis/AFP

Rajeshwari Gayakwad of India attempts to run out Jenny Gunn of England during the ICC Women's World Cup 2017 Final between England and India at Lord's Cricket Ground in London

Shaun Botterill/Getty Images

Chris Froome, wearing the overall leader's yellow jersey, celebrates on the podium after the twentieth stage of the Tour de France cycling race, an individual time trial over 22.5 kilometers (14 miles) with start and finish in Marseille, France.

AP

Competitors take part in the swim stage during the AJ Bell London Triathlon 2017 at Royal Victoria Docks in London, England. The 21st annual AJ Bell Triathlon sees 13000 competitors take part in the world's largest triathlon.

Getty Images

Environment Secretary Michael Gove looks at screens in the information pod in the forest zone at the WWF Living Planet Centre in Woking, after he told an audience of environmental and countryside organisations that Brexit gives scope for Britain to be a global leader in green policy

PA

Screen grabbed image taken from video issued by NATS showing air traffic over the UK yesterday at 12:15pm, with red representing departures, yellow arrivals, purple domestic and blue overflights. Air traffic controllers are dealing with the busiest day in the UK's aviation history. A total of 8,800 planes are to be handled by controllers across the country over 24 hours, at the start of a summer season which is due to see a record 770,000 flights in UK airspace - 40,000 more than last year

PA

Defence Secretary Sir Michael Fallon shows off his cufflinks after cutting steel on the first Type 26 frigate at BAE System's Govan Shipyard near Glasgow.

PA

Britain's Foreign Secretary Boris Johnson looks at a bipedal humanoid robot Wabian2 at Research Institute for Science and Engineering at Waseda University's Kikuicho Campus in Tokyo

Reuters/Eugene Hoshiko/Pool

A damaged road in Coverack, Cornwall, after intense rain caused flash flooding in the coastal village.

PA

Prince George holds hands with the Duke and Duchess of Cambridge as they leave Warsaw

PA

Scotland's First Minister Nicola Sturgeon during her visit to the site of Aberdeen Harbour's expansion into Nigg Bay

Getty Images

Foreign Secretary Boris Johnson arrives at Downing Street for the weekly cabinet meeting

Getty Images

Daniel Goodfellow and Tom Daley of Great Britain compete during the Men's Diving 10M Synchro Platform, preliminary round on day four of the Budapest 2017 FINA World Championships on July 17, 2017 in Budapest, Hungary

Getty Images

Britain's Foreign Secretary Boris Johnson speaks to the press upon his arrival at the European Council for the Foreign Affairs Council in Brussels

Aurore Belot/AFP/Getty Images

Switzerland's Roger Federer holds aloft the winner's trophy after beating Croatia's Marin Cilic in their men's singles final match, during the presentation on the last day of the 2017 Wimbledon Championships at The All England Lawn Tennis Club in Wimbledon, southwest London. Roger Federer won 6-3, 6-1, 6-4.

AFP/Getty Images

Garbine Muguruza of Spain celebrates victory with the trophy after the Ladies Singles final against Venus Williams of The United States on day twelve of the Wimbledon Lawn Tennis Championships at the All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club at Wimbledon.

Getty

The hearse departs St Joseph's Church after the funeral service for six year old Sunderland FC fan, Bradley Lowery on in Hartlepool, England. Bradley was diagnosed with neuroblastoma aged only 18 months. Hundreds of people lined the streets to pay their respects to the Sunderland football supporter who lost his battle with cancer last Friday.

Getty Images

The EU chief Brexit negotiator Michel Barnier, right, receives an Arsenal football top from Labour Party leader Jeremy Corbyn prior to a meeting at EU headquarters in Brussels

Olivier Hoslet/AP

See the original post here:

Cancer patients who use alternative medicine more than twice as likely to die - The Independent