These are the Under Armour-designed suits for Virgin Galactics space tourists – TechCrunch

A day after NASA debuted the space suits set to be worn by the first woman on the Moon, Virgin Galactic showed of its own gear at an event in New York. Created in collaboration with fitness wear company, Under Armour, the gear is designed for wear by Virgins private astronauts.

The getup includes a limited-edition jacket, base layer, training suit, footwear and space suit. The elements were created with input from a wide range of different people, including doctors, pilots, clothing designers and astronaut trainers. All garments were tested in labs designed to simulate the various stages of space flight.

The unveiling comes shortly after Virgin Galactic founder Richard Branson announced that crewed test flights will begin this year (with about 2.5 months left on the calendar).

Branson was present at this mornings event, leading a simulated zero gravity vertical space walk in the suit. The billionaire will, naturally, be wearing the same suit on the private space companys upcoming first commercial space flight. For other interested parties, the cost of the 90-minute space flight runs around $250,000. Late last year, Branson reported that the company had already collected some $80 million in deposits.

The blue suits mark a stark contrast from the more traditional garb unveiled at NASAs event. Instead, theyre something closer to jet pilot jumpsuits (or, perhaps, an Under Armour tracksuit), tailored to the measurements of some of the 600 people who have signed up for the flight. They include the flag badge (or badges) of country of origin and a name tag. Theres also a tab inside the suit where wearers can inscribe their specific mission statement.

The company debuted them at an event in a skydiving range, complete with a fog machine-powered zero gravity ballet and interpretive dancing models with silver paint on their heads.

Under Armour CEO Kevin Plank noted at the event that, despite the Star Trek-style look, theres nothing particularly exceptional about the suits. Theyre built using off-the-shelf Under Armour technologies and designed for comfort. They also have a number of secret pockets on board, so passengers can take personal belongings with them on the flight.

Branson noted that he wont be using them to take along a camera or smartphone, but instead pictures of my grandchildren.

Passengers will be able to hold onto the suits (not bad for $250K), something Under Armour says it took into consideration. Comparing it to a wedding dress, a rep from the company noted that it wanted to design something that wouldnt stand out if you wear it to a family picnic.

Other comfort considerations played a role here as well, including heat mitigation. Wood pulp yarn was used in the construction of the suits, as well, in order to regulate blood flow changes that come with the intensity of space travel.

The suits will be subject to additional testing in the coming months, in preparation for launch. Virgin Galactic CEO George Whitesides closed out the event, noting, In 100 years, well see [Under Armours] space suit in museums.

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Faster-Than-Light Travel Could Explain Mysterious Signals Beaming Through the Cosmos – Livescience.com

In a distant corner of the universe, something is traveling faster than light.

No, the laws of physics aren't being violated: It's still true that nothing can travel faster than light in the vacuum of empty space. But when light travels through matter, like interstellar gas or a soup of charged particles, it slow downs, meaning other matter might overtake it. And that may explain the weird symmetry in pulses of some of the most energetic light in the universe, called gamma-ray bursts.

Related: 8 Ways You Can See Einsteins Theory of Relativity in Real Life

These cryptic bursts bright flashes of gamma-ray light that come from faraway galaxies form when massive stars collapse or when ultradense neutron stars collide. These cataclysms send speeding jets of hot, charged plasma zooming through space.

But these signals have an odd symmetry, and the reason they do is still a mystery.

A gamma-ray burst doesn't brighten and dim in one steady peak, but instead in a flickering pattern, said Jon Hakkila, an astrophysicist at the College of Charleston in South Carolina.

Hakkila has worked on this puzzle for years. Now, he and a collaborator have a solution: plasma traveling both slower and faster than the speed of light could explain this flickering pattern, as they report in a paper published Sept. 23 in The Astrophysical Journal. If they're right, it may help us understand what's actually producing these gamma-rays.

"I find it a great step forward," that connects the small scale phenomena in the plasma to our large-scale observations, said Dieter Hartmann, an astrophysicist at Clemson University who was not involved in the study.

In the last few years, Hakkila has found that gamma-ray bursts have small fluctuations in brightness on top of their overall brightening and dimming. If you subtract the overarching brightening and dimming, you're left with a series of smaller peaks one primary peak with smaller peaks in brightness before and after. And this pattern is strangely symmetric. If you "fold" the pattern over at the main peak and stretch one side, the two sides match remarkably well. In other words, the light pattern of a gamma-ray burst's pulse hints at a set of mirrored events.

"Whatever happened on the front side happened on the back side," Hakkila said. "And the events knew to happen in reverse order."

Though astronomers don't know what causes gamma-ray burst emission at the particle scale, they are fairly sure that it happens when jets of plasma traveling near the speed of light interact with surrounding gases. Hakkila had been trying to come up with explanations for how these situations might make symmetric light pulses when he heard from Robert Nemiroff, an astrophysicist at Michigan Technological University.

Nemiroff was studying what happens when an object travels through a surrounding medium faster than the light it emits, called superluminal motion. In previous research, Nemiroff had found that when such an object goes from traveling slower than light to faster than light, or vice versa, this transition can trigger a phenomenon called relativistic image doubling. Nemiroff wondered whether this could account for the symmetric patterns Hakkila found in gamma-ray burst pulses.

So what exactly is "relativistic image doubling?" Imagine a boat creating ripples as it moves across a lake toward the shore. If the boat travels more slowly than the waves it creates, a person standing on the shore will see the boat's ripples hit the shore in the order that the boat created them. But if the boat travels faster than the waves it creates, the boat will overtake the first wave it creates only to create a new ripple in front of that one and so on. In that way, the new ripples created by the boat will reach the shore sooner than the first waves it created. A person standing on the shore will see the ripples hit the shore in a time-reversed order.

The same idea applies to gamma-ray bursts. If the cause of a gamma-ray burst is traveling faster than the light it emits through the gas and matter surrounding it, we would see the emission pattern in reverse chronological order.

Hakkila and Nemiroff reasoned that this could account for half of a gamma-ray burst's symmetric pulse.

But what if the material was first traveling slower than the speed of light, but then accelerated? What if it started fast and then slowed down? In either case, we might see the emission both in chronological order and reverse chronological order right after one another, making a symmetric pulse pattern like the symmetric peaks observed in gamma-ray bursts.

There are still missing pieces to this puzzle. For one, researchers still don't know what's causing these bursts at the microscopic scale. But this proposed model gives researchers one small clue in the hunt to find the ultimate cause of gamma-ray bursts, Hartmann said.

Originally published on Live Science.

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NASA videos on the harshness of space and a cool new space suit for exploring the Moon – Boing Boing

NASA videos on the harshness of space and a cool new space suit for exploring the Moon / Boing Boing

We're going back out there, but it's dangerous out there and y'all better know it.

Space travel is hard and unforgiving, but we have never been more ready to meet the unknown.

Team members from NASAs #Artemis program share the risks and rewards of this next era of exploration. Artemis will push the boundaries of human exploration and send the first woman and next man to the Moon by 2024, preparing for missions to Mars and beyond.

SO. How about an awesome new space suit for exploring the polar south pole?

At NASA Headquarters on Oct. 15, 2019, Administrator Jim Bridenstine introduced the Exploration Extravehicular Mobility Unit (xEMU) and Orion Crew Survival System suit which will be will be worn by first woman and next man as they explore the Moon as part of the #Artemis program.

In celebration of this years 50th anniversary of the first humans on the moon, the Ohio State Marching Band staged this wonderful performance on Saturday.

Through a collaboration with NASA and the SETI Institute, Girl Scouts can now earn badges in space science, from astronomy to the search for extraterrestrial intelligence. Part of science literacy is understanding our place in the big world, in the solar system, in the universe, Pamela Harman, the director of education at the SETI Institute, []

Saturn has overtaken Jupiter as the planet with the most satellites, at least in our own system: 82 to the larger worlds 79. A team discovered a haul of 20 new moons around the ringed gas giant, as the BBC puts it, putting it in the lead. The moons were discovered using the Subaru telescope []

Remember when the default state of your online presence was anonymity? Thats not so clear-cut anymore, and the worst part is you may not even know who is using your data or what theyre using it for. Small wonder that so many people are choosing to surf through virtual private networks. VPNs filter web access []

Get ready for the stream of your dreams, binge-watchers. Theres a contest afoot, and at stake is a lifetime subscription to Netflix. All you have to do is sign up, and youre entered to win this ultimate Netflix plan. When does it expire? Only when you do. And hey, just in case you need something []

Theres overwhelming support for clean energy, and the planet is giving us more reasons to invest in renewable power sources with every passing year. Even in the most inhospitable areas, wind and solar can provide a good chunk of our power, if not all of it. So why arent we all taking advantage of it? []

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Watch As a Supernova Morphs and Its Speedy Shock Waves Reverse – Space.com

A new video from NASA shows how a supernova explosion morphs and changes during a 13-year period, The growing debris field, known as Cassiopeia A or Cas A, likely was generated after a star explosion in 1680. New data from NASA's Chandra X-Ray Observatory shows that even an old explosion can change in subtle ways during a human lifetime.

If you watch the arrows in the video closely, you can see shock waves in blue reverberating through space in data collected between 2000 and 2013. The shock waves are producing X-ray emissions and accelerating particles to high speeds.

The video combines X-ray data from Chandra with observations from the Hubble Space Telescope, which observes in visual and infrared light. Hubble's data was held constant to emphasize the changes Chandra observed over time, according to Chandra personnel.

Related: NASA Unveils Amazing Cosmic Views as Chandra X-Ray Observatory Turns 20

"As the blast wave travels outwards at speeds of about 11 million miles [18 million km] per hour, it encounters surrounding material and slows down, generating a second shock wave," Chandra mission personnel said in a statement. This "reverse shock," the agency continued, "travels backwards, similar to how a traffic jam travels backwards from the scene of an accident on a highway."

While reverse shocks typically travel more slowly than the initial blast wave, scientists have realized that some of those in Cas A do the opposite. Their speeds remain fairly high, between about 5 million and 9 million mph (8 million and 14 million km/h). The phenomenon could be the result of the initial blast wave running into a patch of material and slowing down.

A view of Cassiopeia A that includes Chandra X-ray Observatory data.

(Image credit: X-ray: NASA/CXC/RIKEN/T. Sato et al.; Optical: NASA/STScI)

Cas A was the first object that Chandra observed, shortly after its launch to space on July 23, 1999. That first observation yielded new science, NASA noted, because Chandra observed a neutron star the dense remnant left behind from a star explosion embedded in the debris.

Other observations from Chandra over the decades have shown some of the key elements for life in the explosion and have also generated 3D models of the supernova remnant, NASA said.

Follow Elizabeth Howell on Twitter @howellspace. Follow us on Twitter @Spacedotcom and on Facebook.

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Ice on the moon may be billions of years old, new study suggests – New York Post

It has long been established that the moon contains significant amounts of ice and water, including frozen water found on the lunar surface last year. Now, a new study suggests that the ice could be billions of years old and come from different sources.

The study, published in the scientific journal Icarus, suggests that some ice could be almost as old as the moon itself. Other ice deposits could be much younger, perhaps put there by comets and asteroids, or even underground volcanic activity.

We quantify the amount of available cold-trapping surface area that is occupied by water ice in order to examine the relationship between the patchiness of ice within each crater and the age of each host crater, the studys abstract states.

The majority of surface ice is contained in old craters [greater than 3.1 billion years], where the majority of cold-trapping area on the pole exists.

Just because the crater is old doesnt mean that the ice within it is also that old too, but in this case, theres reason to believe the ice is indeed old, the researchers said in a statement.

The scientists, led by Brown University researcher Ariel Deutsch, used data from NASAs Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (which was recently used to make a 3-D map of the moon) to come up with their conclusions.

There have been models of bombardment through time showing that ice starts to concentrate with depth. So if you have a surface layer thats old, youd expect more underneath, Deutsch said.

The newer, smaller craters, which also hold ice, were a surprise, she added. There hadnt really been any observations of ice in younger cold traps before.

The age of the ice could have implications for space travel, including NASAs return to the moon in 2024 and the exploration of deep space.

When we think about sending humans back to the moon for long-term exploration, we need to know what resources are there that we can count on and we currently dont know, Brown University professor and the studys co-author, Jim Head, said in the statement.

Studies like this one help us make predictions about where we need to go to answer those questions.

A study published in August theorized that there may be more ice water on Earths natural satellite and Mercury than previously thought. Until recently, it was believed that the water was trapped in cold traps at the moons poles, but a 2018 discovery found that there is frozen water on the lunar surface.

Water was discovered on the moon in 2009.

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NASA is exploring nuclear propulsion a project started by the agency 60 years ago – Houston Chronicle

With Americas eyes trained on the impending moon mission in the 1960s, NASA officials began quietly working on a project that could transform space travel.

They were trying to build a nuclear rocket engine, capable of getting astronauts to Mars in four months about half the time of a conventional chemical rocket.

Though the program showed early promise, it died due to inadequate funding.

Almost 60 years later, NASA is picking up where it left off, working again to develop a nuclear propulsion system that could carry humans farther than ever. President Donald Trump recently issued an executive order calling on NASA to develop and launch nuclear space systems, and Congress has provided $100 million to study the cost and feasibility of building such a rocket over the next year.

The main rationale for pursuing this again is human Mars missions, said Jeff Sheehy, chief engineer in the Space Technology Mission Directorate at NASA headquarters in Washington, D.C. Theres been a re-emphasis on going to the moon and doing those things on the moon that are necessary to develop the systems and demonstrate the capability to go to Mars.

But there still is a long way to go before NASA personnel can even begin to think about building these systems.

Were trying to determine how many billions its going to cost through the first set of flight(s) so we can go to decision makers and say this is what it will cost, these are the benefits, Sheehy said. Its up to the senior-most people in the agency to determine whether its worth the cost of developing the system.

Its too early to say if any of the work on this rocket will happen in Houston, but if it came to fruition, it would impact the training of astronauts living and working in this city.

A more efficient alternative

The military began examining what it would take to use nuclear energy to power airplanes during World War II a concept that would, if successful, enable a plane to fly around the world for days and return to the U.S. without refueling.

But this proved impossible. The amount of shielding needed to keep crew members and the public safe from radiation would keep the plane from staying aloft.

U.S. officials regrouped. Could nuclear rocketry work for space travel?

They realized that it just might. With the right amount of shielding to protect the crew, nuclear rockets could be a more fuel efficient and lighter option, producing more power and speed than their chemical counterparts meaning missions into deep space would be much quicker, the Los Alamos National Laboratory stated.

They were also ideal for space, an area where the only people who needed to be protected were the crew members.

So in 1961, the Nuclear Engine for Rocket Vehicle Application (NERVA) program was born, a joint endeavor by the Atomic Energy Commission and NASA to build a nuclear rocket engine for space, according to a historical report on the program published in 1991.

Between 1964 and 1969, scientists built and tested a number of nuclear reactors and rocket engines in Nevada, according to NASAs Glenn Research Center in Ohio.

The tests were so successful that in August 1969, rocket pioneer Wernher von Braun proposed sending 12 men to Mars in the early 1980s using NERVA-developed rocket engines. This plan, of course, did not come to fruition.

As far as a vehicle goes, they didnt get very close at all because, early in the 1960s with the war in Vietnam and other things, Congress already had started cutting NASAs budget, said Bob Arrighi, an archivist at NASAs Glenn Research Center in Ohio.

The project was canceled in 1972 the same year human moon missions came to an end with Apollo 17 after President Richard Nixon decided to focus his space policy on low Earth orbit and the space shuttle program.

Sending humans to Mars was a lot more costly and there was a lot more involved long-term than the space shuttle, Arrighi said.

New life for an old program

Over the ensuing decades, attempts were made to jump-start the nuclear rocket project, Sheehy said, but the current initiative is the most promising hes seen.

So far, the work has been focused on designing the fuel elements and the nuclear reactor. Sheehy said researchers are drawing on what was developed in the 1960s.

NASA will spend the next year determining how much the program would cost and how long it will take and part of that is deciding where the elements would be tested to ensure everything is working properly.

Ground testing could happen on Earth, Sheehy said, but there are many more safety requirements now than in the 1960s. This means NASA would need to build facilities that would retain the radiation emitted if something went wrong an endeavor that could prove cost-prohibitive, he added.

So, personnel are exploring what it would take to test the reactor in space, Sheehy said, a move that would require NASA to launch the rocket engine far enough from Earth that no radiation would leech into the atmosphere if the reactor exploded.

Like the real launch with people onboard, this would involve launching the vehicle off the planet aboard a chemical rocket. The nuclear rocket engine would kick in after the vehicle departed Earths atmosphere.

He does not expect any negative impacts to the space environment.

The amount of radiation from a reactor like this would be very small in the grand scheme of space, Sheehy said. There really isnt any hazard to equipment or people who arent close to the reactor.

The correct amount of shielding for the crew and the electronics on board also would need to be determined. But Sheehy said any future launch of a nuclear rocket out of Earths atmosphere shouldnt pose a danger to the planet because it would be built so that, even if there was a rocket failure, radiation would not be released.

You could characterize everything were doing as risk reduction, he said. Ultimately, the agency has to decide what propulsion to use. Were just trying to give them the information to at least make an informed assessment.

Alex Stuckey writes about NASA and science for the Houston Chronicle. You can reach her at alex.stuckey@chron.com or Twitter.com/alexdstuckey.

Want more space news? Sign up for her newsletter, Space Junk, which rockets into your inbox everything Wednesday morning.

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Boeing backs Virgin Galactic’s missions to space Boeing is throwing its weight – FutureFive Australia

Boeing is throwing its weight and its wallet behind Sir Richard Bransons spaceflight company Virgin Galactic.

Boeing will invest US$200 million (AU$295.2 million) into Virgin Galactic so that the two companies can work on making commercial space trips more accessible, and to transform global travel technologies.

This is the beginning of an important collaboration for the future of air and space travel, which are the natural next steps for our human spaceflight programme, declares Virgin Galactic founder Sir Richard Branson.

Virgin Galactic and Boeing share a vision of opening access to the world and space, to more people in safe and environmentally responsible ways.

Virgin Galactic is the only company in the world to have taken humans to space in the Mach 3 passenger vehicle a vehicle designed for commercial service.

Virgin Galactic alone has poured more than US$1 billion into ways of building reusable human spaceflight systems that help people experience and utilise space.

Through its manufacturing and development capabilities, Virgin Galactic can design, build, test, and operate a fleet of advanced aerospace vehicles. Boeing has unparalleled experience transporting people to orbit and building and operating large structures in that challenging environment.

A part of every manned space program in the United States, Boeing serves as NASAs prime private contractor for the International Space Station ("ISS") and is preparing the new, reusable Starliner space capsule for launch to the ISS.

According to Boeing HorizonX Ventures senior managing director Brian Schettler, Boeings investment hopes to commercialise space travel.

Our work with Virgin Galactic and others will help unlock the future of space travel and high-speed mobility.

Boeings defense, space and security president and CEO Leanne Caret adds, The unique expertise of our companies stretches from points all around the world to the deepest reaches of space.

Together we will change how people travel on Earth, and among the stars, for generations to come.

The two companies say they will share more information on specific projects at a future date.

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Nasa to stop hitching rides with Russia and vows 2020 all-American manned flight on Elon Musks Crew Drago – The Sun

ELON Musk says the first manned test of his Crew Dragon spacecraft will take place in early 2020.

It means Nasa is one step closer to "all-American" trips to space halting its reliance on Russia's Soyuz astronaut capsules.

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Nasa currently pays Russia around $80million (64million) per seat for trips to the International Space Station.

This has been the case since July 2011, when Nasa retired its old space shuttle fleet.

But Elon Musk's SpaceX firm has been testing a new shuttle called Crew Dragon, which would put an end to the "hitchhiking" relationship.

"We are getting very close, and we're very confident that in the first part of next year we will be ready to launch American astronauts on American rockets," said Nasa chief Jim Bridenstine.

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In September 2014, Nasa handed $2.6billion to give the SpaceX Crew Dragon development a boost.

But the Crew Dragon spacecraft dramatically exploded during a key safety test back in April.

Shocking footage of the incident appeared to show the capsule bursting into an enormous fireball at a site in Florida.

Onlookers could see reddish orange smoke billowing from the site at the Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, with reports suggesting the mushroom cloud was visible for "miles around".

The United States Air Force told local press that the incident had been contained, and confirmed no one was hurt in the blast.

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Now Musk hopes to launch manned missions early next year but says there is plenty of testing still to do.

"We're hopefuly to have the first successful Mark 3 drop test within a week or two," said Musk.

"And then there'll be a steady cadence of tests thereafter.

"We certainly want to get at least something on the order of 10 successful tests in a row before launching astronauts."

Speaking alongside Musk at a joint briefing at SpaceX, Bridenstine added: "This is a big deal for our country, and we can't get it wrong.

"We want to make sure we get it right.

"If everything goes according to plan, it would be the first quarter of next year.

"We are not going to take any undue risk."

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What is the ISS?

Here's what you need to know about the International Space Station...

But Musk isn't the only one working on a space shuttle.

Nasa has also given Boeing $4.2billion to help finish the CST-100 Starliner.

This is set for an unpiloted orbital test flight on December 17, which means manned tests won't take place until at least 2020.

Nasa is "still buying seats" on the Soyuz as an "insurance policy" in case there are further delays to Crew Dragon or Starliner.

In other news, we reveal how space travel has changed through the ages.

A Nasa report revealed that Apollo 11 astronauts had no toiletand instead relieved themselves using bags taped to bums and "pee condoms".

DEAD STRANGE Mystery haul of 20 sealed Egyptian coffins found 'as the ancients left them'

INCOMING New asteroid threat as 50ft space rock could hit Earth in just 70 years

LIFE ON MARS Alien life was found on Mars in the 1970s, former Nasa scientist claims

FLOODY HELL Egyptian burial tomb stuns archaeologists as they drain it to find 'human soup'

BAD ROME-ANCE Roman chariot buried alongside horses as part of 'ritual for wealthy family'

MYSTERY SOLVED? Mysterious bones that may belong to Amelia Earhart sent for DNA testing

And here's why some people still think the Moon landings were faked 50 years later and the man who started the hoax theory.

Would you like the opportunity to travel to space? Let us know in the comments!

We pay for your stories! Do you have a story for The Sun Online Tech & Science team? Email us at tech@the-sun.co.uk

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Nasa to stop hitching rides with Russia and vows 2020 all-American manned flight on Elon Musks Crew Drago - The Sun

NASA engineer devises engine that moves at the speed of light – Moneycontrol.com

David Burns, a scientist working for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), has devised a special spacecraft that does not require propellants to reach for the stars.

Not just this, he also claims that the machine may be able to move almost at the speed of light.

The futuristic spacecraft can reportedly be propelled into space using in-space engines that do not need fuel either. Usually, rockets operate on Newtons third law of reaction to every action. They are blast into space using a propellant in one direction so that it can travel in the other. However, Burns fuel engine would not follow this basic principle of Physics.

The 'Helical Engine' was designed by the NASA engineer at the space stations Marshall Space Flight Center located in Alabama. The spacecraft is able to blast into space without using a propellant by leveraging the mass-altering phenomena that occur at near-light speed.

Since the helical engine is expected to travel at 99percent of the speed of light, it is possible that this craft would be able to make this attempt a success.

Burns has published a paper on NASAs technical reports server where he gives a detailed explanation about how this would work.

As he put it, the helical engine is basically a ring placed within a box that bounces in one direction while with the box recoils in the opposite direction. When the ring placed inside the box hits the end, it springs backwards, resulting in the boxs recoil direction changing as well.

Under usual circumstances, this would only make the box wiggle back and forth. However, since both the box and the ring would be travelling at the speed of light, by the time the ring would reach the front end of the box, its mass would increase since it would travel faster while bouncing back. This would result in forward momentum.

Therefore, though the helical engine would not need a propellant, a particle accelerator and ion particles do the job instead, meaning that the principal used to make it operational is the same.

The only hurdle in Burns' path right now is the size of the engine. To make the whole process possible, the engine must be 200 metres long and 12 metres wide. However, these dimensions would render it redundant for space travel.

Speaking to the New Scientist about the possibilities of this idea becoming a success, the NASA engineer said, I'm comfortable with throwing it out there. If someone says it doesnt work, Ill be the first to say it was worth a shot.

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Soviet cosmonaut, first person to walk in space dies at 85 – The Daily Herald

By Matt Schudel / The Washington Post

Alexei Leonov, a Soviet cosmonaut who in 1965 became the first person to walk in space and who was scheduled to walk on the moon before the Soviet Union abandoned its efforts for a manned lunar landing, died Oct. 11 in Moscow. He was 85.

The Russian space agency, Roscosmos, announced his death but did not cite a cause.

Leonov, a Soviet air force officer, was chosen in 1959 as part of his countrys inaugural class of astronauts known as cosmonauts in the old Soviet Union. At the time, the Soviets were leading the space race, a symbolic and strategic battle for technological superiority during the Cold War.

In 1957, the Soviet Union launched Sputnik, the first satellite to orbit the earth. In April 1961, cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin a close friend of Leonovs became the first person launched into space.

As the U.S. space program tried to catch up, with flights by Alan Shepard Jr. and John Glenn, the Soviets sought new ways to maintain their early edge. Leonov began training for his spacewalk in 1963.

He underwent a rigorous program of swimming and running and was subjected to long periods of weightlessness. A special suit and helmet were made to withstand the extreme conditions in space.

As perilous as early space travel was, it seemed doubly dangerous for a human being to walk or, more precisely, to float outside the safety of the capsule. On March 18, 1965, Leonov took that step.

He left the capsule through a hatch, leaving a fellow cosmonaut, Pavel Belyayev, to pilot the ship. Leonov entered an airtight chamber called an air lock and inhaled pure oxygen for almost an hour to reduce the level of nitrogen in his blood, as a means of preventing decompression sickness, or the bends.

Finally, he opened the outer hatch and entered space, more than 100 miles above the earths surface, connected to his capsule by a 16-foot-long tether. A skilled amateur painter, Leonov found the vista indescribably beautiful.

I said to myself, Its true, the earth is round, he later said.

His spacewalk was captured by two film cameras that produced remarkably clear images, including some in color.

It was so quiet I could even hear my heart beat, Leonov told Londons Observer newspaper in 2015. I was surrounded by stars and was floating without much control. I will never forget the moment. I also felt an incredible sense of responsibility. Of course, I did not know that I was about to experience the most difficult moments of my life known as cosmonauts in the old Soviet Union. getting back into the capsule.

When he attempted to reenter the air lock leading to the space capsule, Leonov could not climb through the hatch. His spacesuit had expanded and become almost rigid.

Near the end of my walk, he told the New York Times magazine in 1994, I realized that my feet had pulled out of my shoes and my hands had pulled away from my gloves. My entire suit stretched so much that my hands and feet appeared to shrink.

He decided that his only option was to open a valve to release air from inside his spacesuit. It deflated enough to allow Leonov to enter the capsules air lock headfirst, but the change in pressure left him at risk of decompression sickness. His spacewalk lasted only 12 minutes, but his body temperature had risen so much that sweat was sloshing in the leggings of his spacesuit.

I didnt report this down to Earth, Leonov said in 1999. I knew the situation better than anyone else.

It would be decades before the dangers he encountered were fully known. Leonov also revealed, years later, that he had a suicide pill in his helmet, in case he could not return to the spacecraft.

Once he was back inside the capsule, it began to roll uncontrollably. Oxygen levels in the cabin became dangerously high, but eventually the cosmonauts were able to stabilize the craft for its return to Earth.

When the automated reentry system failed, Leonov and Belyayev flew their craft manually, tumbling wildly until its parachutes opened. They came to rest in a dense forest in the Ural Mountains, about 1,000 miles from their intended landing spot.

Surrounded by several feet of snow, the two cosmonauts stayed in the capsule as temperatures fell below zero. It took more than two days before they were rescued by helicopter.

His feat made Leonov a national hero, and he was expected to be the first person from his country to walk on the moon. Before the United States could do so, Soviet spaceships circled the moon and sent back samples of lunar soil.

But other test flights failed, and the booster rocket designed to propel the Soviets lunar mission exploded on the launchpad. The space race was won by the United States, culminating in the Apollo 11 mission, which touched down on July 20, 1969, accompanied by astronaut Neil Armstrongs memorable words as he stepped onto the moons Sea of Tranquility: Thats one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind.

Alexei Arkhipovich Leonov was born May 30, 1934, in the Siberian village of Listvyanka. He was from a large family, and his father, a onetime coal miner and farmer, spent time in a Soviet gulag for dissent.

Young Alexei was transfixed by aviation from an early age and also studied art. He entered the Soviet air force in 1953 and trained as a fighter pilot and parachutist.

In January 1969, Leonov was in a motorcade entering the Kremlin when a man wearing a police uniform opened fire with two automatic handguns. Leonovs limousine was struck by more than a dozen shots, apparently intended for Soviet leader Leonid I. Brezhnev, who was in a different car. Leonovs driver was killed.

I looked down and saw two bullet holes on each side of my coat where the bullets had passed through, Leonov said in 1994. A fifth bullet passed so close to my face I could feel it go by.

In 1975, Leonov returned to space as part of the first joint U.S.-Soviet space effort. His capsule docked with an Apollo spacecraft under the command of NASA astronaut Thomas Stafford. They shook hands through a connecting portal and became close friends.

In the eyes of all of humanity, Leonov said, we showed the best side of man.

Survivors include his wife, Svetlana, two daughters and several grandchildren.

Leonov became director of the Soviet cosmonaut corps and retired in 1992. He later worked in banking and exhibited his paintings worldwide, including at the National Air and Space Museum in Washington.

Fluent in English and fond of jokes, he was a popular speaker at gatherings of space aficionados. Author Arthur C. Clarke named a spacecraft after Leonov in his 1982 novel, 2010, a sequel to 2001: A Space Odyssey.

Leonov came to regret the secrecy and suspicion surrounding the Cold War competition in space.

If we could have gotten together earlier, he said in 1990, we would already have built an international observatory on the moon and we would be flying to Mars right now.

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Soviet cosmonaut, first person to walk in space dies at 85 - The Daily Herald

SAS Who Dares Wins Ant Middleton in advanced talks to travel into space but his wife isnt happy about it – The Irish Sun

ANT Middleton has revealed hes in "advanced talks" to travel into space but admits his wife isnt happy about it.

The Sun revealed the SAS Who Dares Wins star is planning to take celebrities to jet into space with Virgin Galactic for a TV project.

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He's even discussed the plans with founder Richard Branson to help him become just the eighth Briton to leave Earth.

Speaking on Rachel Botsmon's Trust Issues podcast, Ant said: "The rumours are true but whether it will happen is still very much in the pipeline.

"My wife is not too happy about it, but were in quite advanced talks about going into space.

"And do you know what, when it first happened someone said Ant, youve sailed 4,000 miles in a wooden open boat, youve been to war zones, youve been fired at, you stood on the apex of the world, whats next?'

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"And I just went, 'Ahh, fire me to the moon, fire me into the stratosphere.'

"Well the next thing I know, there's phone calls... Ant you know you spoke about

"Yeah, Well weve got in touch with so and so, and so and so, and were quite far down the line, and its like, well, why not. Lets do it."

Ant, 38, served in the Special Boat Service, the Royal Marines and 9 Parachute Squadron Royal.

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Now after his two tours of Afghanistan, Ant is planning one into orbit.

Ant has been married to wife Emilie, 38, for 13 years.

Together they have daughters Shyla, 11, and Priseis, three, and sons Gabriel, nine, and Bligh, two. Ant also has 17-year-old son Oakley from a previous relationship.

He first became a TV star when he appeared on SAS: Who Dares Wins in 2015.

The show puts civilians through gruelling Special Forces training.

There has even been a celebrity version with Sam Thompson and Ben Foden.

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SAS Who Dares Wins Ant Middleton in advanced talks to travel into space but his wife isnt happy about it - The Irish Sun

Movies in Brief – Albany Times Union

The following capsule reviews of recent releases, long runs and revivals come from various wire services, as noted:

RATINGS: G - Suitable for all ages. PG - Parental guidance recommended. PG-13 - Parental guidance strongly suggested. R - Restricted; anyone under 18 must be accompanied by adult. NC-17 - No children under 17.

Excellent Good Fair Poor

Abominable

Animated. A teen and her two friends embark on an epic quest to reunite a Yeti with his family. There's a Yeti that belches a lot, evil scientists, plucky kids and animals that look as if they were conjured up by toy merchandising executives. Even the sidekicks seem to have sidekicks. For a film that often seems to be working off a checklist, it ends up being a memorable time at the movies. "Abominable" delivers all the notes you expect from family-friendly animation these days. And, thankfully, a little bit more. (PG for some action and mild rude humor) 1/2 (Peter Hartlaub, Hearst Newspapers)

Ad Astra

Drama. Astronaut Roy McBride (Brad Pitt) undertakes a mission across an unforgiving solar system to uncover the truth about his missing father and his doomed expedition that now, 30 years later, threatens the universe. "Ad Astra" is a probing, searching movie by one of the medium's best American directors whose reach, like his protagonist's, exceeds his grasp. Still, director James Gray reaches, and his visually striking movie is mostly a success despite a dud of an ending. It's a fascinating movie that aspires to the level of not "2001: A Space Odyssey," as it has been compared by some, and more like Andrei Tarkovsky's great Soviet sci-fi head-scratcher "Solaris." (PG-13 for some violence and bloody images, and for brief strong language) (G. Allen Johnson, Hearst Newspapers)

The Addams Family

Animated. An animated version of Charles Addams' series of cartoons about a peculiar, ghoulish family, with the voices of Oscar Isaac, Charlize Theron, Chloe Grace Moretz, Finn Wolfhard, Nick Kroll, Snoop Dogg and Bette Midler. Through its various media incarnations, from a campy 1960s TV series to a couple of very good movies by Barry Sonnenfeld, "The Addams Family" is really adult humor. In the new animated "The Addams Family," it's dumbed-down for kids. Charles Addams should be rolling in his grave right now. (PG for macabre and suggestive humor, and some action) (G.A.J.)

Downton Abbey

Drama. The continuing story of the Crawley family, wealthy owners of a large estate in the English countryside in the early 20th century, based on the PBS series. "Downton Abbey," an enjoyable but uneven film adaptation of the beloved PBS series, seems designed to give fans what they want. Having allowed most characters hard-won happy endings when the show ended in 2016, series creator (now screenwriter) Julian Fellowes simply lets most of them continue to be happy for two hours. But the big-screen treatment also serves as a kind of white-glove test that the film sometimes fails. The actors appear to mug more often than they did on TV. But perhaps this is less a reflection of format than of Fellowes assigning them more broadly comic moments. (PG for thematic elements, some suggestive material, and language) 1/2 (Carla Meyer, Hearst Newspapers)

Gemini Man

Action. in director Ang Lee's latest film, an over-the-hill hitman (Will Smith) faces off against a younger clone of himself (also Will Smith). Co-stars include Mary Elizabeth Winstead and Clive Owen. Technologically, "Gemini Man" is borderline miraculous. We might think we're watching two Smiths, one regular and one de-aged. That's remarkable, but as with everything that's technologically remarkable, you can only say wow for five minutes. Then you get used to it, and you're back to watching a particular story with a particular actor. Mostly, the presence of two Smiths just gives us scenes of them shooting at or fighting each other, but you know that no one will get seriously hurt. (PG-13 for violence and action throughout, and brief strong language) 1/2 ( M.L.)

Hustlers

Drama. Inspired by the viral New York magazine article, this comedy-drama follows a crew of savvy former strip club employees who band together to turn the tables on their Wall Street clients. Jennifer Lopez, Constance Wu, Cardi B, Lizzo, Lili Reinhart and Keke Palmer. If Scorsese had been born female, he might have made a film like "Hustlers," a based-on-truth crime story unlike any other. Given that the film stars Jennifer Lopez in a powerhouse performance and comedy star Constance Wu, one might be forgiven for thinking that this will be a comedy, maybe a light-hearted heist film like "Oceans 11," or a titillating piece of trash like "Showgirls." But then writer-director Lorene Scafaria's film gets darker by the minute, becoming a tough-as-(acrylic)-nails noir, complete with morally challenged femme fatales. Although the film is filled with strong female characters, this isn't a triumph of female empowerment, nor is it really a feminist film. It is a film of anger and sadness at the stacked decks of our social and economic structures. But "Hustlers" belongs to Lopez, a Bronx-born force of nature who turned 50 this year. She dominates the film she co-produced with energy and emotion, and hopefully she has a shot at getting her first Oscar nomination. (R for pervasive sexual material, drug content, language and nudity) 1/2 (G.A.J.)

It: Chapter Two

Horror. Twenty-seven years after their first encounter with the terrifying Pennywise, the Losers Club have grown up and moved away, until a devastating phone call brings them back. Like the homicidal shape-shifting clown from the movie posters, "It Chapter Two" is more concerned with style than always making sense. The sequel feeds off the goodwill of the first movie, one of the most satisfying blockbusters of 2017. At nearly three hours, it's hard to tell whether this movie needs a 40-minute trim, or if the filmmakers should have added five more hours and put it on Netflix. The first "It" had a strong "Stand By Me" vibe, and would have worked even without the killer clown. "It Chapter Two" is a messier production, that barely seems coherent even with the first film as a primer. But even without the cohesive story and Spielberg-ian charms of the first film, the sequel still delivers ample shock and awe. (R for disturbing violent content and bloody images throughout, pervasive language, and some crude sexual material) 1/2 (P.H.)

Jexi

Comedy. A man's (Adam Devine) new cellphone turns into a technological nightmare when the AI program (voiced by Rose Byrne) tries to control him. It's a testament to the comedic chops of star Adam DeVine that "Jexi" isn't worse than it is. Whatever small bits of amusement arise from the laborious "smart phone gone haywire" comedy come from the "Workaholics" star working overtime mugging, shrieking, whatever it takes to wring laughs from a pretty thankless script. And "thankless" is about as good a summation as any for what a tough slog this one was to get through. If the movie was going to lean fully into the surreality of its own premise, that'd be one thing, but it wants to keep one foot grounded in some semblance of the "real" world, making for a frustrating mix. "Jexi" feels hopelessly out of step with the moment. Despite its subject matter, it's a flip phone movie in a smart phone world. (R for strong/crude sexual content and language throughout, some drug use and graphic nudity) (Zaki Hasan, Hearst Newspapers)

Joker

Drama. Failed comedian Arthur Fleck (Joaquin Phoenix) encounters violent thugs while wandering the streets of Gotham City dressed as a clown. Disregarded by society, he begins a slow descent into madness as he transforms into the criminal mastermind known as the Joker. Also stars Robert De Niro, Frances Conroy and Zazie Beetz. "Joker" is hard to talk about. So right off the top, let's just state two easy and obvious things we can say about it: It's a very good movie, and it features a blood-curdling performance from Joaquin Phoenix, in the most frightening portrayal of a violent maniac in decades. "Joker" is not without dull spots, for the simple reason that, with a movie like this, it's hard to find a second act. You haven't seen the movie, but you know how it ends of course you do. And I already told you how it starts. The middle is just some space that needs to be filled in, which the movie does competently, sometimes eerily, but not so masterfully that there are no doldrums. Fortunately, there's always Phoenix, who never lets up always horrifying and always horribly human. (R for strong bloody violence, disturbing behavior, language and brief sexual images) (M.L.)

Judy

Drama. Legendary performer Judy Garland (Renee Zellweger) arrives in London in the winter of 1968 to perform a series of sold-out concerts. A great movie was within reach with "Judy," but they made an epic mistake: They didn't use Garland's actual vocals. Instead, they let Zellweger pinch hit for Babe Ruth and ended up spoiling the movie. Otherwise, Zellweger is terrific. In all the offstage scenes, it's possible to believe you're looking at Judy Garland. But the second she opens her mouth to sing, the entire illusion is broken. And it gets broken over and over again. If this were merely a movie about Garland's private life, with perhaps a song and bits of songs scattered throughout, it might not matter at all. But "Judy" is a performance-heavy film. What makes this doubly maddening is that "Judy" is, otherwise, quite good. There's a lot here to admire and savor. There are a handful of lovely scenes and, throughout, there's a real feeling for Garland's way of speaking, her incisive sensitivity and the peculiar twist of her humor. (PG-13 for substance abuse, thematic content, some strong language, and smoking) 1/2 (M.L.)

Linda Ronstadt: The Sound of My Voice

Documentary. Ronstadt is our guide through her early years of singing Mexican canciones with her family, her folk days with the Stone Poneys and her reign as the "rock queen" of the '70s and early '80s. The irony of such a beautiful voice being stilled by Parkinson's disease floats over the entire 90 minutes of the new documentary, where none of the procession of associates and other commentators make the case for her greatness better than Ronstadt herself, captured in vintage clip after vintage clip, singing the hell out of everything she does. Filmmakers Rob Epstein and Jeffrey Freidman lay out a dizzying cavalcade of incredible vocal performances, woven into a tapestry of her associates telling her story. (PG-13 for brief strong language and drug material) (Joel Selvin, Hearst Newspapers)

Lucy in the Sky

Drama. Astronaut Lucy Cola (Natalie Portman) returns to Earth after a transcendent experience during a mission to space, and begins to lose touch with reality in a world that now seems too small. The movie's one big idea that seeing Earth from the heavenly reaches can provoke a crisis is an interesting one. But though the screenplay flogs the idea, with various characters discussing the phenomenon and referencing it, the movie never exactly develops it. It remains an airy poetic conceit, one that ultimately feels a bit lofty for the ultimately tawdry and farcical trajectory of the story. If it really is true, for example, that space travel is metaphysically discombobulating, why aren't other astronauts discombobulated? Not only does "Lucy in the Sky" not address that question, but it doesn't really explain why Lucy herself starts to come apart at the seams. Or, if it does try explaining it, nothing in the screenplay or the direction makes us believe it. (R for language and some sexual content) 1/2 (M.L.)

Monos

Drama. On a faraway mountaintop in South America, eight kids with guns watch over an American hostage and a conscripted milk cow. Director and co-writer Alejandro Landes says that he wanted to make a film about war, the kinds of guerrilla, shadow wars that play out for decades on end. His film is philosophically, and physically, occupied with violence and conflict, but on an intimate, human scale. Moiss Arias and Julianne Nicholson, two American actors making their Spanish language debuts, give transformed, deeply instinctual performances as two opposing forces. (R for violence, language, some sexual content and drug use) (Katie Walsh, Tribune News Service)

Official Secrets

Drama. True story of a British whistleblower (Keira Knightley) who leaked information about an illegal spy operation designed to push the U.N. Security Council into sanctioning the 2003 Iraq invasion. Knightley, with that combination of fragility and intensity that has become her signature, plays it as a kind of journey toward moral clarity. Director Gavin Hood, who also co-wrote the screenplay, is a specialist in the strain that international politics places on individual morality. (R for language) (M.L.)

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Movies in Brief - Albany Times Union

Spacesuits of the Future, Today: ILC Dover Continues its Leadership in This Market – Yahoo Finance

ILC Dover, the company that outfitted the Apollo astronauts, brings their leadership in space attire to the commercial market.

FREDERICA, Del., Oct. 15, 2019 /PRNewswire-PRWeb/ -- ILC Dover, the company that outfitted the Apollo astronauts and all subsequent NASA manned missions including current flights to the International Space Station has launched a line of spacesuits for the nascent commercial space industry.

"Fifty years after Neil Armstrong walked on the moon wearing one of our spacesuits commercial space travel is poised to open the universe to a generation of astronauts," said Patty Stoll, director of space systems. "ILC Dover's Astrospace division has the proven spacesuit technology to protect future explorers who will venture beyond the bounds of Earth."

The two new spacesuits are for Extravehicular Activity (EVA) and Launch Entry and Abort (LEA). Named Astro EVA and Sol LEA, the spacesuits are ready for customers to order now. "ILC Dover Astrospace is not waiting for the future of space flight to come to us. We look ahead to 2020 as if it were 2030."

Astro EVA spacesuit made its debut to lawmakers on Capitol Hill during a United Technologies event on July 25. The event showcased the innovation brought to life in collaboration with Collins Aerospace.

"We can't afford not to advance space travel"

Stoll believes continued space exploration is imperative, and that ILC Dover and other commercial companies will play an increasingly important role. "From our very beginning, humans have wondered what's beyond the horizon and traveled in search of resources. We are a growing population living on a finite planet in an infinite universe. We have so much yet to learn about our place in the universe and how to survive into the future.

"For the sake of future generations, we can't afford not to advance space travel," she said. "It's exciting to think about the possibilities with NASA, private industry and entrepreneurs all working toward that future."

Increasing Access to Space

Commercial space ventures are already speeding up innovation and reducing costs, promising to increase access to space. "Just look at SpaceX's reusable boosters and Virgin Galactic's air launches," said Fran DiNuzzo, CEO of ILC Dover. "Patty and her ILC Dover space systems team are leading the same kind of innovation in spacesuit technology, building upon ILC Dover's decades of experience with NASA."

ILC Dover's commercial suits bring a new level of comfort, ease of use and functionality. To meet the needs of commercial customers, the suits are simple to maintain and stow and make efficient use of existing hardware and technology.

Decades ago, ILC Dover custom-tailored each spacesuit for individual Apollo astronauts. The new line of commercial suits has a modular design that brings off-the-rack simplicity to some of the most technologically complex "outfits" ever designed. It makes the suits easily adaptable to different size wearers, reducing costs for future spacesuit customers.

And Keeping Space Travelers Safe and Comfortable

Commercial space flight promises to make space for accessible, but no less challenging for humans who leave the comforting embrace of Earth's atmosphere. Launch and re-entry are the most dangerous segments of any flight, and when it comes "time to leave the capsule" to walk in space or on an alien world there is no margin for error.

ILC Dover's spacesuit designs are proven by more than 250 space flights, six moon landings and over 3,000 hours of spacewalks. "As far we know, that's a safety record unmatched by any other company in the universe," quipped Stoll.

"A garment failure on Earth can be an embarrassing 'wardrobe malfunction;' in space it would be disastrous," said Stoll.

What to Wear Aboard

LEA(Launch, Entry and Abort) suits protect wearers in case of an emergency during launch and when entering Earth's or another planet's atmosphere. "Our Sol LEA model is engineered for ease of cabin entry and exit, quick hook-up to cabin connections and maximum maneuverability to operate vehicle controls," said Stoll. "Sol comforts the wearer during the forces of launch and reentry, protects in case of cabin depressurization or fire and helps ensure safety and ease of rescue in the event of a launch abort or water landing."

Story continues

What to Wear When Stepping Out (into space)

An EVA (Extravehicular Activity) suit, by comparison, is its own miniature spaceship. "It has to function as a little Earth, providing oxygen, comfortable temperature and protection from radiation and space dust and debris everything our atmosphere does to make life on planet possible," said Stoll. "Plus, it has to provide mobility, especially for walking on extraterrestrial surfaces."

The Astro model incorporates such innovations as step-in rear entry to simplify the process of getting dressed to go outside. "You don't travel millions of miles to stay indoors," said Stoll.

"Building for What is Ahead, Not What is Now"

ILC Dover Astrospace also builds inflatable space habitats for orbital and extraterrestrial use, along with decelerators already used to land NASA craft on Mars and demonstrated to work with larger payloads. "Some may say my ILC Dover Astrospace team is living in the future," said Stoll. "And that's the point. Preparing for the Apollo moon landings taught us that space exploration is about building for what is ahead, not what is now."

About ILC Dover

Recognized globally for our flexible containment solutions, ILC Dover serves customers in a diverse range of industries, including pharmaceutical and biopharmaceutical manufacturing, personal care, food and beverage, chemical, aerospace, healthcare and government agencies. At ILC Dover, quality is a culture, not a measurement. Our customers will tell you that we cater to their every need and that we're highly innovative, responsive, dedicated and competitive. We have been innovating since 1947. ILC Dover's visionary solutions improve efficiency, safeguard workers and product, and prevent disasters proof that we are on the front line of business excellence.

Engineering evolution Beyond Boundaries.

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Spacesuits of the Future, Today: ILC Dover Continues its Leadership in This Market - Yahoo Finance

Black hole news: Standing on edge of black hole would cause 700 years to pass in 1 minute – Express.co.uk

Space and time are intertwined, called space-time, and gravity has the ability to stretch space-time. Objects with a large mass will be able to stretch space-time to the point where our perception of it changes, known as time dilation. The more mass an object has, the more it stretches and slows down time so something as large as Sagittarius A* the gigantic black hole at the centre of the galaxy would almost be able to stretch time to a point where it almost comes to a complete standstill.

Sagittarius A* has a radius of 22 million kilometres and a mass of more than four million times that of the Sun.

In other words, it is very dense.

And because it is so heavy, it has the ability to completely stretch out space-time to a point where one minute on the edge of Sagittarius A* will see 700 years pass on Earth.

Emma Osborne, an astrophysicist at the University of Southampton, told an audience at New Scientist Live: Anything mass will stretch space-time. And the heavier something is, or the more mass it has, the more it will stretch space-time.

If you were to stand just outside the event horizon of Sagittarius A*, and you stood there for one minute, 700 years would pass because time passes so much slower in the gravitational field there than it does on Earth.

Some have suggested that black holes could be used for time travel.

A piece written for the University of Sussex by astrophysicist John Gribbin, co-authored with his wife Mary Gribbin said the possibility of time travel involves those most extreme objects, black holes.

And since Einsteins theory is a theory of space and time, it should be no surprise that black holes offer, in principle, a way to travel through space, as well as through time.

READ MORE:Time is travelling FASTER for taller people and this is how

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Black hole news: Standing on edge of black hole would cause 700 years to pass in 1 minute - Express.co.uk

11 of the biggest innovations shaping the future of spaceflight today – Business Insider

Most who grew up during the days of the space race were promised a future with moon colonies, orbital space stations, and routine travel to the stars. But that future has always been elusive, since it has long depended upon shifting Congressional priorities and timid funding currently, NASA's budget is about $21 billion, or 0.49% of the federal budget.

In recent years, however, private industry has started to take the lead in humankind's march into space.

Unfortunately, some innovative companies have recently crashed back to earth. Two different startups hoping to become pioneers in the asteroid mining industry Planetary Resources and Deep Space Industries recently pivoted away from their ambitious space mining plans.

But for every failure, there are a handful of innovators still moving forward, from SpaceX, which recently unveiled its latest prototype of Starship, a rocket system design to populate Mars, to Axiom and its plans to deploy a commercial space station.

Here are the 11 most exciting innovations shaping the future of spaceflight today.

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11 of the biggest innovations shaping the future of spaceflight today - Business Insider

NASA Satellite to Travel to Mysterious Zone Where Earth Meets Space – The Wire

NASA launched a satellite Thursday to explore the ionosphere, a mysterious part ofEarths atmosphereon the edge of space.

The satellite shot into orbit from a plane flying over the Atlantic Ocean off the coast of the US state of Florida.

The satellite called Icon, or Ionospheric Connection Explorer, will transmit data intended to help scientists understand the physical processes at work where Earths atmosphere interacts with near-Earth space, NASA said.

Research by scientists at NASA has identified this region of near space as being in constant flux from solar storms above and weather below.

According to NASA, the ionosphere is a fluctuating layer of electrons and charged atoms and molecules ranging from 48 kilometers (30 miles) above the Earths surface to 965 kilometers (600 miles) above the ground at the edge of space.

This dynamic region grows and shrinks based on solar conditions.

Better communications and space missions

NASA said the Icon the satellite will transmit data intended to help scientists understand the physical processes at work where Earths atmosphere interacts with near-Earth space.

This protected layer, its the top of our atmosphere. Its our frontier with space, Nicola Fox, NASAs heliophysics division director, told the Associated Press, adding that the ionosphere is influenced by energy from extreme weather like hurricanes, along with solar storms.

Also Read:NASA Releases High-Resolution Images of Chandrayaan 2 Landing Site

According to NASA, electron particles in the ionosphere normally reflect radio waves back towards the ground, which enables long-distance radio communication. However, fluctuation in the electron levels can possibly cause radio communications to fail, reduce the accuracy of GPS systems, damage satellites and harm electrical grids.

The satellite can more directly analyze how solar storms affect Earth, which has implications for astronauts, radio communication, and GPS navigation systems.

NASA administrator, Jim Bridenstine, said in a tweet that the mission will provide key support for astronauts on future missions, including potentially returning to the moon.

This article was originally published in DW. You can read it here.

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NASA Satellite to Travel to Mysterious Zone Where Earth Meets Space - The Wire

William Shatner beams in with hit TV show at 88 – Japan Today

As Captain Kirk in the original "Star Trek" William Shatner went "where no man has gone before".

And now he is doing it again with a new hit U.S. television series, "The UnXplained", at the age of 88.

Shatner beamed into Cannes in southern France on Tuesday to beat the drum for the series -- which tries to explain some of the mysteries of the world around us -- at MIPCOM, the world's biggest entertainment market.

"A friend of mine once received a call from someone who had passed away," he said. Finding answers to such strange phenomena "was what this show is all about", he told reporters.

While it also tackles questions like why the universe is expanding, Shatner has little appetite for space travel these days with climate change threatening the Earth.

"I see all those ideas of colonizing the moon and Mars as fantasies to avoid thinking about the reality of (rising seas) and of being underwater in 50 years," he told reporters.

The Canadian-born veteran presents the new show on the History Channel, which will get a second series early next year.

He said reaction to the series, a mix of "Ripley's Believe It Or Not!" and a more straight science show, has been "fantastic".

Shatner has been fitting in filming around the U.S. and and European tours of his "Beam Me Up!" show where he takes questions from Trekkies after a screening of his 1982 movie, "Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan".

A keen cyclist, he uses an electric bike to keep up with his family and said the key to a long life was to "keep taking on projects", such as his new memoir "Live Long and... What I Learned Along the Way".

The actor also released two albums last year, a country record and his Christmas album "Shatner Claus" which also featured Iggy Pop, Utopia star Todd Rundgren, singer-songwriter Judy Collins and ZZ Top's Billy Gibbons.

Not bad for a man who admits he can't actually sing.

Shatner said his recipe for longevity was "all the cliches... good genes, eat well, don't drink, don't smoke and go biking."

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William Shatner beams in with hit TV show at 88 - Japan Today

Catholics arrested with other faith groups protesting low cap for refugees – National Catholic Reporter

Washington Catholics joined an array of faith communities, human rights groups, clergy, refugees and refugee resettlement agencies gathered outside the U.S. Capitol Oct. 15 protesting deep cuts to the refugee admissions program.

Some shouted "Jesus was a refugee" toward the Capitol as others, including a former U.S. assistant secretary of state for population, refugees and migration, were led from the steps of the U.S. Capitol in handcuffs in an act of civil disobedience.

Catholic groups, including the Franciscan Action Network and Maryknoll Office for Global Concerns, joined other Christian organizations, along with Jewish and Muslim groups demanding that the refugee cap be set at 95,000 for the upcoming fiscal year, and not the expected 18,000 the Trump administration has asked for. They also took issue with past characterizations by the administration insinuating some refugees enter the country to do harm.

"We are loyal citizens, we love this country," said Nihad Awad, a Palestinian born in a refugee camp in Jordan, who is the co-founder and CEO of the Council on American-Islamic Relations.

Being allowed to live the U.S. "changed my life," he said. "It moved me from despair to hope."

He said efforts to shut the door to those like him, seeking safety, were "immoral and un-American."

Jason Miller, of the Franciscan Action Network, participated in the event and showed up to support the program, as he once worked with refugee resettlement through Catholic Charities in Nashville, Tennessee.

"Refugees are some of the most generous, hard-working, and patriotic people I have ever met," Miller said. "Despite the rhetoric, they are not terrorists. They are escaping war and persecution. We have a moral imperative as a nation of immigrants to reach historic norms of 95,000 refugees for Fiscal Year 2020 and, as Christians, we must reject any rhetoric that demonizes refugees and stokes fear and division."

Susan Gunn, director of the Maryknoll Office for Global Concerns, was one of the 18 arrested, along with Sr. Maria Orlandini, of the Sisters of St. Francis of Philadelphia, who is a member of the Franciscan Action Network.

Gunn said that with so many crises and emerging displacement around the world, she couldn't "stand by idly" as the United States turns its back on refugees.

"Our commitment to offer refuge to those fleeing violence and persecution, rooted in our faith and more than 100 years of Maryknoll mission, requires our government to demonstrate the moral leadership upon which our nation was founded," she said. "To arbitrarily restrict tens of thousands of people from seeking safety would be to forsake our nations values of compassion, hospitality and welcome."

Frank Sharry, founder and executive director of America's Voice, which supports immigrants, also was arrested at the Capitol steps. He said he wanted to take the part in the event, even though he knew speaking out wasn't likely to change the mind of the president, but he at least wanted Congress to know others were watching their actions.

Sharry said he also wanted to "take a stand," and "say no to closed doors" for people seeking safety.

"Opening our hearts and our arms to refugees from around the world is foundational to the American experiment. Ours is a nation defined not by blood and soil but by shared ideas and ideals," he said. "I am proud to stand up for one of America's finest traditions, and I am heartbroken that this administration recklessly trashes it.

"It is actions like today that renew my faith that we the people will overcome the aberrant administration in power to restore our commitment to welcoming those who come to infuse the nations bloodstream with a profound love of freedom."

Among some of the most notable arrested was Anne Richard, who was assistant secretary of state for population, refugees and migration from 2012 to 2017, under the Obama administration. She pleaded with lawmakers and touted the policy benefits to the U.S. that have come about because of the resettlement program.

"The program once had strong bipartisan support, since policymakers on both sides of the aisle understood that by resettling refugees, the United States serves as a moral leader and annually renews a promise on which our country was founded," she said.

"Resettlement also supports U.S. foreign policy interests, including the fragile regional stability in the Middle East," she continued. "Supporting the countries that host refugees through investment, humanitarian aid and resettlement is essential as globally more than 70 million people are displaced, including nearly 26 million refugees."

She added: "By taking in some refugees, the U.S. can encourage other countries to keep their doors open and allow refugees to work and refugee children to attend school. That's key to mitigating conflict, restoring dignity to those whove fled and ensuring a future for millions of young people."

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Catholics arrested with other faith groups protesting low cap for refugees - National Catholic Reporter

Keeping Sudan’s Transition on Track – Sudan – ReliefWeb

Following the ouster of Sudans strongman Omar al-Bashir, sustained pressure yielded a power-sharing agreement between the military and opposition alliance. But the settlement is fragile and the economy is in deep distress. In this excerpt from our Watch List 2019 - Third Update for European policymakers, Crisis Group urges the EU to support the civilian cabinet during the countrys delicate transition.

This commentary is part of our Watch List 2019 - Third Update.

Against long odds, a protest movement triggered the ouster of Sudanese strongman Omar al-Bashir, one of Africas longest-ruling leaders. He was finally deposed by military coup on 11 April 2019. In mid-August, the opposition alliance that grew out of the protest movement and Sudans generals reached agreement on terms of a power-sharing transitional framework that, if fully implemented, will yield elections and civilian rule in three years. They have appointed a new prime minister, Abdalla Hamdok, a well-respected economist, named a civilian cabinet and formed a joint civilian-military supervisory council to oversee the agreement signed on 17 August.

Prime Minister Hamdok is under pressure to deliver against high popular expectations. Many Sudanese hope the civilian cabinet can steer the country to a better future after three decades of economic stagnation, political repression and gross violations of human rights under Bashir. The opposition alliance, Forces for Freedom and Change, led mainly by young professionals new to politics, has already fired the imagination of Sudanese everywhere. Its disciplined, sustained and diverse campaign (with women often at the forefront), delivered change largely peacefully even in the face of brutal crackdowns by police and paramilitary units.

But major obstacles lie ahead. The settlement outlined in the 17 August document is fragile and needs careful nurturing in the face of several linked challenges. First, Hamdok and his cabinet inherit an economy in deep distress. They have prioritised its revival, but in pursuing reforms they ultimately need to fundamentally reorder a rentier system that privileges both the generals with whom they now share power and Bashirs former cronies. Second, Sudans generals only signed the power-sharing agreement under intense external pressure. They could still play spoiler during the transition if they choose to challenge new reforms they see as threatening their political and business interests. Third, armed groups from Sudans long-marginalised peripheries have not endorsed the deal. Securing a comprehensive peace agreement to end Sudans long-running internal wars will be a key priority, not least because these groups leaders could be co-opted by the security forces and work to derail the transition.

The European Union and its member states have a clear interest in helping make a success of Sudans promising yet delicate transition, and can support the country in the following ways:

Offer technical and financial support to the transitional administrations efforts to revive the economy and set out new fiscal policy in two ways:

Provide technical support to Hamdok and his team as they seek to stabilise government finances by consolidating revenue streams and centralising them within a transparent fiscal framework.

Provide budget support and development financing to the government while Hamdok undertakes deeper reforms and addresses core economic challenges, including the need to stabilise currency and commodity prices, tackle inflation and reduce youth unemployment.

Support the new cabinets efforts to confront corruption. The EU Asset Recovery Office could partner with authorities in Khartoum to help trace and recover some of the funds directed away from state coffers through the corruption of former regime insiders.

Press the U.S. to lift Sudans designation as a state sponsor of terrorism, which would help Sudan reconnect to the international financial system and help spur foreign investment. It is also a necessary step for Sudan to obtain debt relief, although Hamdoks government would also need to clear the countrys debt arrears and make progress on fiscal transparency.

Support the new administrations efforts to negotiate a peace deal with armed groups fighting in states on Sudans periphery, and offer technical and financial backing to talks currently hosted by Juba.

If transitional authorities agree on a roadmap for unifying regular military and paramilitary Rapid Support Forces under a single command, help support the reintegration into civilian life of militiamen who do not join the consolidated entity.

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Keeping Sudan's Transition on Track - Sudan - ReliefWeb

Tax policy expert: Closing the tax gap can drive political change – EURACTIV

Harmonisation of the tax rates across the EU should be conducted so that it prevents the race to the bottom without harming competition, says Grzegorz Poniatowski from the Polish think-tank Centre for Economic and Social Research.

Grzegorz Poniatowski is the director of fiscal policy studies at the Centre for Economic and Social Research (CASE) in Warsaw and the team leader of the Study to quantify and analyse the VAT gap in EU-28 member states.

He spoke to EURACTIV Slovakias editor in chief Zuzana Gabriov during Tatra Summit, where he featured as an expert in the Focus Group on Smart Taxation in a Fast-Changing Global Economy.

The incoming European Commission has ambitious plans in the area of taxation. What is the state of play, do EUs tax policies deliver? Are they conducive towards proclaimed priorities, be it climate, innovation or support for SMEs?

I would make a distinction between the adaptation that the tax systems will need to undergo in long-term and in the short term. In the short run, tax compliance will be of the highest priority. We are the authors of the VAT gap study. For many governments this is a very political debate, this is actually a foregone revenue, that can be used for investments or infrastructure.

In Poland, the additional revenues were used for social policies and spending. There is a lot of money in the system that can be retrieved by increasing efficiency. Trends are quite positive in this regards. The economy has been growing for years and also tax compliance was increasing.

But there are long-term problems that the tax system will need to face in the future, probably starting with climate change. Tax incidence on tobacco is the highest. But if you take in the relative terms carbon taxes are large part of the revenue of member states. It is around 150 billion euro. Even with optimistic plans regarding ETS system, there will be forgone revenues in the future and the tax system will need to address it. And also the general approach that we tax what we see. There are parts of the economy that are untaxed and digital economy is one of those.

How do you perceive the European Commissions plans in the area of value-added tax (VAT)? There is the proposal on the definitive VAT system for business to business within the EU and the issue of the VAT rates.

Since 2015 weve in place what we call a mini one-stop-shop. This mini one-stop-shop should be extended into what we will call a definitive EU VAT system. This is something the European Commission was thinking of since 1967 to introduce a system where you would not have a 0% rate intracommunity supply of goods. This created a hole in the system, which was exploited by fraudsters. If you have a product that at some point is untaxed, there is no exchange of information, it is very easy for the trader to go missing and for the tax not to be levied at all.

This was expected from the very beginning. We knew we needed a definitive system, where you have Polish authorities raising money to be transferred to Germany and the other way around. Everyone was optimistic one or two years ago, but now it seems that some countries are opposed. The main opposition is Germany. It will probably not take place, which is a pity.

The other thing is a proposal for more flexibility in VAT rates, but compared to the other one, is not a tremendous reform and is also likely to fail. The countries are not keen to be given more freedom. Currently, no country in the EU, not even Luxemburg, imposes a bottom VAT rate. Of course we have countries competing with rates to get consumers from other member states, but still in my view, in VAT we do not have such a problem of race to the bottom as we have in corporate income taxation or personal income taxation to a lesser extent.

There are still problems with VAT gaps in various member countries. VAT is, as a source of EU budget, afinancial interest of the EU. Could the European Prosecutors Office (EPPO), soon to be established, help to close a gap in VAT in countries where it is particularly high?

Tax non-compliance has many components. We cannot close the VAT gap completely. You have errors, omissions, bankruptcies etc. However, it is possible to reduce the gap. If we concentrate on issues like fraud, evasion and avoidance there is a potential in decreasing forgone revenues.

There are three main aspects to increasing tax compliance. First, you may increase tax morale. There are countries with higher voluntary tax compliance but this is not something that could be quickly achieved. We know in which countries taxpayers are less keen on paying taxes. These countries are in our region, they are in southern Europe. You cannot change it from year to year. You can educate, you can provide good quality of public goods and create the system based on trust and enhance quality to the public sector, but this is a long process. The other element is sanctions. You may increase sanctions.

In Poland, this was one of the tools to increase tax compliance, for example, 25 years of imprisonment for tax fraud. Tax fraud is defined as something above one million Polish Zloty, which is approximately 2 250 000 euro. It seemed it had an effect. The most important aspect is the inevitability of sanctions. You want to control the exchange of information, be able to observe what taxpayers are doing. This is the aspect which needs to be prioritised if one wants to think of fast effects on tax compliance.

Member states are implementing solutions like safety standard audit file which means that information from invoices is sent in electronic form to the tax authorities and this information is at the disposal of tax authorities. It really works. In Poland, the VAT gap fell from 25 % to 12-13 % in 2018, which was tremendous and it drives political change as it finances social expenditure.

Automatic exchange of information works. In excise, we have full control. There is the EMCS movement system, track and trace. If we are able to improve the exchange of information between member states, I am sure that the VAT gap could be diminished quite substantially.

Tax avoidance of companies is something the public is very concerned about. How would you asses the steps taken by the EU to mitigate the problem so far?

The crackdown on corporate income tax evasion has been the least effective. When you look at large companies and conglomerates you see that they are completely non-profitable. This is completely different when you look at the medium and small enterprises. Those that cannot shift their bases across countries. In terms of corporate taxation, it needs substantial reform.

During his hearing, the Commissioner-designate Paolo Gentiloni promised to revive the common corporate tax base (CCCTB) proposal, calling it an absolute priority because we cant continue with this internal competition among member states. Can CCCTB help fighting tax evasion or aggressive tax practices? How?

To take any measures we need to have the same point of reference, which is the tax base. That is the first very important step, which of course some may be afraid of, not all. Some of the countries are afraid of the next steps, that it could be harmonisation or fixing rates. But this step needs to be taken, we need to know what the tax base is. The more actionable the tax-base, the better. Shifting base became easy and is at the core of profitability of large companies, all companies know how to do that. I am in favour of it and am looking with optimism to such a solution. Hopefully, it will be adopted.

Harmonisation is a word that usually sparks fear in the CEE region. Do you see why?

The question of harmonisation is a very important aspect that needs to be settled. Harmonisation should make the process easier: harmonisation of the definitions, exchange of information. Second, we need to make sure that the internal market is working as well as possible and that there are incentives to compete and not the contrary. The rule of subsidiarity of the EU needs to be kept in mind.

Harmonisation of rates should be conducted to the extent it prevents the race to the bottom, but not in a way it harms competition. There would be many cons of harmonising rates, the pros would not prevail, even looking from the health perspective. I am an expert in this area. I have seen how illicit trade developed in reaction to quite sudden changes in tax policies. I am not saying the rates should not go higher, just bear in mind the limitations.

Another tax-related proposal is the so-called carbon border tax. Commissioner-designate Gentiloni said the EU should move quickly on that, even if there are legal and technical constraints. Is this feasible?

Observing the debate in Poland, which is the only country in the world which started the construction of a new coal plant, I am quite sure that this kind of solution will be opposed at the EU level and so far I am not looking forward with optimism to make it work. Climate change is a negative externality. The ETS is clearly not enough at the moment and does not generate enough revenue for member states to replace carbon tax. Its very important to remember that all climate change policies, incentives, subsidies, they are expensive.

At the same time, member states will start to lose income from carbon taxes in the future. There is one puzzle, what to do to obtain income replacing the one that will forgo in the future without taxing the most vulnerable groups. If you have subsidies for solar panels, you give subsidies to wealthy people. You must keep in mind also the redistribution aspect of taxation.

There is a push for making these kinds of taxes, like the border carbon tax, own resources of the EU budget. Should this be done?

It is important that the tax, the revenues, are spent in a proper way, to mitigate climate change. Centralisation of this expenditure might be helpful in this regard. I am a fan of larger federalisation of the EU budget. US federal budget is 19 % of GDP, in the EU, it is 1 %. If you look at the actionable part of the budget it is very small.

EU has black and grey list of non-cooperative jurisdictions for tax purposes. There is a big discussion on whether this list represents the true situation and if the EU should not be more assertive. Just recently, the ECOFIN Council removed United Arab Emirates from the blacklist. Do this list and conditions attached serve the purpose?

One of the positive sides is that some countries are moving from black to grey, and some are removed altogether. This shows that it works, but that does not mean that the EU will not have to be more stringent in the future.

These decisions lie very much with the Council, that is member states. Taxation is one of the last areas where the decision in the EU is taken solely by unanimity. Should we move to qualified majority voting in taxation, as suggested by the Commission?

There is a bit of levy between the qualified majority and unanimity. With unanimity, it does not work. No serious reform can be implemented. With so many countries, it is impossible to have the so-called Pareto optimal situation. There will always be losers. We need to make sure, that everyone takes advantage of the changes that are implemented and everyone benefits similarly. We also need to make sure that the anti-EU rhetoric is not strengthened. It is very easy, to say the EU imposed something. It would be best to avoid veto but at the same time not to make the group that can block the decision not too small and not too large.

[Edited by Zoran Radosavljevic]

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Tax policy expert: Closing the tax gap can drive political change - EURACTIV