The Deadly Coronavirus Is Tearing Through Chinese Prisons

The NYT reports that COVID-19 is tearing through China's prison system — a hint that even in the epidemic's epicenter, we don't understand its toll.

As the deadly COVID-19 coronavirus spreads worldwide, it continues to leave a trail of destruction in China, where efforts to care for the sick and curtail new infections are straining health care resources.

Now, in a grim update, The New York Times reports that the novel pathogen is tearing through the country’s prison system as well — a troubling hint that even in its epicenter, we still don’t understand the full toll the epidemic’s actually had.

Chinese authorities acknowledged on Friday that they knew of at least 500 infections among prisoners and guards. A particular guard with a bad cough may have been a superspreader, according to the Times.

On Friday, state-owned Chinese newspaper People’s Daily reported that the government had dispatched an investigative team to evaluate the scope of the problem.

Benjamin Cowling, a professor of epidemiology at the University of Hong Kong, told the Times that prisons are a particularly grave setting for an epidemic, because inmates are housed in close proximity — and even authorities have restricted access to isolated housing that could prevent transmission.

“It’s a really difficult situation to prevent transmission from occurring,” he told the paper.

And the situation may be even worse than it appears, according to Human Rights Watch spokesperson Yaqiu Wang, as it could compound already-poor medical care in the Chinese prison system.

“Prisoners are routinely denied of access to adequate medical care even during normal times,” Wang told the Times. “Now with medical resources stretched to the limit in many areas in China, it is hard to imagine prisoners’ medical needs would be a priority of the government.”

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The Deadly Coronavirus Is Tearing Through Chinese Prisons

Check Out This Terrifying Cybertruck Police Car

Another group of five-oh has released a rough concept for a Cybercruiser — the hardboiled highway cops of Ontario, Canada.

Hot Fuzz

Police departments in Mexico and Dubai are already planning police cars based on Tesla’s divisive Cybertruck.

And now, yet another group of five-oh has released a rough concept for a Cybercruiser — the hardboiled highway po-po of Ontario, Canada.

Hey @elonmusk can you suggest which model would make make a better police car? #Cybertruck or #TeslaX? pic.twitter.com/texsL1enJ3

— OPP Highway Safety Division (@OPP_HSD) February 19, 2020

Johnny Law

Let’s face it: the Photoshop on the Ontario concept is a little choppy.

But the sentiment of reducing the sizeable carbon footprint of frequently-idling police cars is a pragmatic one.

Elon Musk, though, had yet to respond to the OPP’s tweet at the time of publication.

READ MORE: Tesla Cybertruck is turned into police vehicle by Ontario police [Teslerati]

More on the Cybertruck: Here’s Elon Musk’s Excuse For Smashing Cybertruck Window

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Check Out This Terrifying Cybertruck Police Car

JP Morgan Warns Clients of “Catastrophic” Environmental Collapse

Prominent investment bank JP Morgan Chase has sent a report to clients warning that climate change could have cataclysmic effects on civilization.

Minority Report

Prominent investment bank JP Morgan Chase has sent a report to clients warning that climate change could have cataclysmic effects on the markets — and, well, the rest of civilization, too.

“We cannot rule out catastrophic outcomes where human life as we know it is threatened,” reads the report, obtained by the BBC.

Conscience Raising

The report, authored by JP Morgan economists David Mackie and Jessica Murray, called for zero net global carbon emissions by 2050. Notably, it also reportedly calls for a global tax on carbon — a drastic move that the authors admit is not going to happen anytime soon.

In sum, the report sounds like — if they were to heed it — a potentially massive shock to the system for JP Morgan, which has invested trillions of dollars in fossil fuels.

Bread Buttered

Maybe that’s why the bank quickly moved to distance itself from the report, telling the BBC that it came from an internal team that was “wholly independent from the company as a whole.”

The environment, after all, probably won’t get a bailout.

READ MORE: JP Morgan economists warn of ‘catastrophic’ climate change [BBC]

More on JP Morgan: The First Major U.S. Bank Just Launched a Cryptocurrency

 

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JP Morgan Warns Clients of “Catastrophic” Environmental Collapse

Study: Growing “Infertility Crisis” May Be Tied to Poor Diets

A cross-sectional study of about 3,000 young men, their diets, and sperm have researchers thinking more about the adage

Keeping semen shipshape and in good working order: no easy task.

Across the globe, average sperm count and quality have been gradually declining for years. Scientists have theorized a number of potential causes ranging from household chemicals to microplastics. Another possible culprit may be a man’s diet.

Now, a cross-sectional study published Friday in the journal JAMA Network Open lends support to the notion that a man’s diet seems to directly impact both sperm count and quality.

In order to procure the data for such a study, the researchers began at the source, by rounding up a large group of young men. Specifically, 2,935 young Danish men undergoing a physical screening to serve in the Danish armed forces — a portion of which includes a study of fertility.

The data, collected between 2017 and 2019 included, along with more typical physical measurements such as height, BMI, and blood samples, as well as notes on semen qualities such as overall volume, sperm count, movement, and shape. The researchers also asked participants to disclose their eating habits over the three months prior from a list of 136 different food items.

These items were ranked into four distinct dietary patterns: a Western diet, heavy in red meats, fried food, and sugary drinks; a “prudent” diet, laden with fruits, vegetables, fish, and chick; “vegetarian like,” mainly vegetables, eggs, and milk; and a traditionally Danish “open-sandwich” diet.

Comparing dietary habits to data on participant’s sperm, researchers found that men with mainly Western diets had the lowest sperm counts, between 109 to 138 million. Of the other three eating styles, “prudent” eaters had sperm which were both healthier and more numerous, averaging 146 to 183 million sperm per load. Although “open-sandwich” eaters had the fastest sperm while “vegetarian like” diets led to the most optimally shaped sperm.

“Dietary factors are necessary for the production of healthy functioning sperm with high fertility potential,” study co-author Feiby Nassan, a researcher at the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, told Inverse. “I believe that it is not only, ‘You are what you eat,’ but it is also ‘Your sperm is what you eat,'” Nassan says.

While the study is a solid start, the researchers also acknowledge more work on the subject can be — and needs to be — done.

To fully understand the implications of diet on a man’s fertility similar research should be conducted among populations from different nations. It’s also been suggested that individual semen samples may not be entirely reliable (it’s not great if a study participant came in spent after a big night out).

While diet does seem correlated to overall sexual health, it isn’t the sole factor, the researchers note. Still, diet is something that’s easily changed, so there’s no reason not to switch up your kitchen routine if you’re looking for a scientifically-suggested way to potentially bolster your sperm count.

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Carmakers Expected to Roll Out Wireless Car Chargers This Year

Carmakers are expected to release wireless charging pads for electric cars based on a universally agreed-upon standard as soon as this year.

Wireless Charging Cars

Carmakers are expected to release wireless charging pads for electric cars based on a universally agreed-upon standard as soon as this year, CNET reports.

The chargers work (more or less) the same way as wireless smartphone chargers: you roll the vehicle on top of the pad, and the car starts charging. Without the need of plugging it in.

The goal’s to make it as easy as possible for consumers to charge their electric vehicles and to standardize future wireless charging spots both in public and at home.

To get there, the Society of Automotive Engineers came up with a standard (SAE J2954) that is in its final stages of development, according to CNET.

Going Wireless

German automaker BMW has already shown off a wireless charging tray that owners can place on the floor of their garage. When the car shuts off its ignition, the pad starts charging the car automatically.

There’s no guarantees wireless charging, let alone the proposed standard, will become ubiquitous and adopted on a large scale. Municipalities will have to be convinced the extra costs of installing public wireless charging spots are worth the investment — especially on top of the existing costs of installing conventional charging stations.

READ MORE: Ditch the cable with wireless car charging [CNET]

More on wireless charging: Wireless Charging Tech Lets Drones Stay Aloft Indefinitely

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Cybertruck x Hot Wheels: Your Adorable Dream R/C Tesla Has Arrived

Mattel, the brand behind the iconic Hot Wheels brand, just announced an adorable remote-controlled version of Tesla's brutalist Cybertruck.

Scaled Down ‘Cyber

Mattel, the brand behind the iconic Hot Wheels brand, just announced an adorable remote-controlled version of Tesla’s Cybertruck. A 1:64 scale RC model will put you back $20, while a much larger 1:10 scale version will cost a substantial $400 — and is already sold out at press time.

First announced last November, Tesla’s Cybertruck turned out to be a powerhouse, wearing an impenetrable exoskeleton jacket of reinforced stainless steel. The fully featured 1:1 scale model will be going on sale starting at just shy of $40,000 in late 2021.

Size Doesn’t Matter

Mattel’s larger 1:10 scale RC truck will feature functioning headlights and taillights, for visibility on public roads of course. An all-wheel drivetrain — that won’t quite perform on the same level as the full-scale Cybertruck’s 0-to-60-in-under-three-second tri-motor variant — will allow the RC car to zip around with plenty of speed.

The battery is also quite a bit smaller. 3,300 mAh, about 70 times smaller than a Model 3’s.

The toy company is expecting to ship their RC Cybertrucks in December 2020, just in time for the holidays.

READ MORE: Hot Wheels announces a remote-controlled Tesla Cybertruck

More on Cybertruck: Check Out This Terrifying Cybertruck Police Car

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How does gene therapy work? – Genetics Home Reference – NIH

Gene therapy is designed to introduce genetic material into cells to compensate for abnormal genes or to make a beneficial protein. If a mutated gene causes a necessary protein to be faulty or missing, gene therapy may be able to introduce a normal copy of the gene to restore the function of the protein.

A gene that is inserted directly into a cell usually does not function. Instead, a carrier called a vector is genetically engineered to deliver the gene. Certain viruses are often used as vectors because they can deliver the new gene by infecting the cell. The viruses are modified so they can't cause disease when used in people. Some types of virus, such as retroviruses, integrate their genetic material (including the new gene) into a chromosome in the human cell. Other viruses, such as adenoviruses, introduce their DNA into the nucleus of the cell, but the DNA is not integrated into a chromosome.

The vector can be injected or given intravenously (by IV) directly into a specific tissue in the body, where it is taken up by individual cells. Alternately, a sample of the patient's cells can be removed and exposed to the vector in a laboratory setting. The cells containing the vector are then returned to the patient. If the treatment is successful, the new gene delivered by the vector will make a functioning protein.

Researchers must overcome many technical challenges before gene therapy will be a practical approach to treating disease. For example, scientists must find better ways to deliver genes and target them to particular cells. They must also ensure that new genes are precisely controlled by the body.

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How does gene therapy work? - Genetics Home Reference - NIH

Nationwide Childrens among hospitals leading the way in gene therapy – The Columbus Dispatch

The Center for Gene Therapy at Nationwide Childrens Hospital is working to develop childrens gene therapy treatments. Officials say the gene therapy research and clinical trials there are starting to attract companies to central Ohio.

Nationwide Childrens Hospital is in the forefront of curing several genetic childhood diseases, transforming Columbus into a major medical hub, several gene therapy experts say.

The hospital's Center for Gene Therapy at the Abigail Wexner Research Institute is working to develop treatments for children, which is attracting patients and companies to Ohio, according to officials at Nationwide Childrens and JobsOhio, the state's economic development organization.

The illnesses that were making use of in gene therapy are devastating illnesses, said Dr. Kevin Flanigan, the director of Nationwide Childrens Center for Gene Therapy. These are ones we know that children would be significantly impaired for life or die because of the disease.

Gene therapy involves altering the genes inside the patient's cells in an effort to treat or stop disease. It gives doctors the chance to treat many previously untreatable rare and genetic diseases.

Gene therapy is currently available primarily in a research setting, with only four gene therapy products approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for sale in the United States. One of the four, Zolgensma, started as a clinical trial for spinal muscular atrophy at Nationwide Childrens in 2014.

The hospital is working on a handful of gene therapy treatments for various childhood diseases that affect muscle, motor or mental functions, Flanigan said.

Gene therapy presents a tremendous opportunity for our medical system, and Columbus has been a huge part of that growth thanks to the work being done at Nationwide Childrens Hospital, Edith Pfister, chairwoman of the American Society of Gene & Cell Therapys communications committee, said in an email.

The FDA approved Zolgensma, a one-time treatment that intravenously delivers the gene that is missing in children with spinal muscular atrophy, on May 24.

SMA is a progressive childhood neuromuscular disease that is caused by a mutation in a single gene that attacks nerve cells. It causes major physical limitations including the inability to breathe, swallow, talk or sit up. Children born with SMA typically die or need permanent breathing assistance by the time they turn 2 years old.

Donovan Weisgarber was diagnosed with SMA type 1 at Nationwide Childrens in November 2015 when he was 5 weeks old. His parents, Matt and Laura Weisgarber, decided to participate in a clinical trial at the hospital and Donovan received Zolgensma.

Before the treatment, Donovan was unable to swallow and had difficulty breathing. Today, the 4-year-old has doubled his life expectancy and is able to talk, sit up, roll over and hold his head up on his own. He also attends the Early Childhood Education and Family Center on Johnstown Road on the East Side, which offers services from the Franklin County Board of Developmental Disabilities.

(Gene therapy) has given us an opportunity that we otherwise wouldnt have to love Donovan and experience him, said Matt Weisgarber, 33, of the Northeast Side.

A lot of people hear Ohio and think flyover state, but now Columbus is going to be a hub of the most groundbreaking science known to mankind and thats a really cool thing, he said.

Boston Childrens Hospital and Childrens Hospital of Philadelphia also have impressive gene therapy centers, but Columbus sets itself apart from those East Coast cities, said Severina Kraner, JobsOhios health care director.

The cost to operate, manufacture and live in Ohio is cheaper than Boston and Philadelphia, putting Ohio in a position to win cell and gene therapy companies, she said.

People are being priced out of these coastal cities, Kraner said.

One of the companies who has committed to building in Columbus is Sarepta Therapeutics, a Massachusetts-based biopharmaceutical company. Sarepta signed an agreement with Nationwide Childrens in May 2019, giving the company the licensing to a gene therapy treatment that came out of hospital research for limb-girdle muscular dystrophies, a group of diseases that cause weakness and wasting of the muscles in the arms and legs.

Sarepta is scheduled to open an 85,000-square-foot Gene Therapy Center of Excellence near Nationwide Childrens Hospital in the fall to do early research for all the companys gene therapy programs. A team of about 30 employees from Sarepta is currently working at a facility at Easton Town Center.

The region has every ingredient needed for a thriving gene therapy cluster: a strong academic foundation, world-renowned research hospitals, and, now, industry investment, Louise Rodino-Klapac, Sareptas senior vice president of gene therapy, said in an email. All of these contribute to creating a pipeline of talented people who will accelerate scientific advances that help patients.

Nationwide Childrens recently also announced it will be expanding its gene therapy research by creating Andelyn BioSciences, a new for-profit subsidiary that will manufacture gene therapy products for the biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries.

Were hoping, and we have a vision, that Andelyn can help capitalize a biotechnology hub in central Ohio focused on developing and advancing gene therapies, said Dr. Dennis Durbin, Nationwide Childrens chief science officer.

Andelyn BioSciences will launch this summer and operate out of the Abigail Wexner Research Institute, 575 Children's Crossroad. Nationwide Children's is trying to secure a permanent location for Andelyn and is looking at land on Ohio State Universitys West Campus.

Gene therapy treatment, however, comes at a high price.

The manufacturer set the price of Zolgensma at more than $2.1 million. Insurers can pay $425,000 a year for five years for one treatment.

Insurance companies are used to regular installment payments, but the single-dose nature of gene therapies are adding a level of uncertainty to health insurance structures, Pfister said in an email. A one-time administration gene therapy costs less overall, but it occurs in one upfront payment.

Pfister said she is hopeful the cost of gene therapy will go down.

Currently, most of the FDA-approved gene and cell therapies are tailored for the specific patient, but theres an incredible amount of research going into standardizing the components and delivery mechanisms behind gene therapy, Pfister said in an email.

Dr. Jerry Mendell helped usher in the era of gene therapy at Nationwide Childrens when he came to the hospital in 2004.

Nationwide Childrens first gene therapy trial was in 2006 for duchenne muscular dystrophy, a rare, inherited, degenerative muscle disorder that almost exclusively affects boys.

Things have really changed significantly in the gene therapy world because of the contributions weve made here, and its been a very gratifying experience, said Mendell, the principal investigator in Nationwide Childrens Center for Gene Therapy.

mhenry@dispatch.com

@megankhenry

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Nationwide Childrens among hospitals leading the way in gene therapy - The Columbus Dispatch

Gene therapy to halt rare form of sight loss – BBC News

Image caption Matthew Wood hopes the gene therapy will help him keep his remaining vision

A new gene therapy has been used to treat patients with a rare inherited eye disorder which causes blindness.

It's hoped the NHS treatment will halt sight loss and even improve vision.

Matthew Wood, 48, one of the first patients to receive the injection, told the BBC: "I value the remaining sight I have so if I can hold on to that it would be a big thing for me."

The treatment costs around 600,000 but NHS England has agreed a discounted price with the manufacturer Novartis.

Luxturna (voretigene neparvovec), has been approved by The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE), which estimates that just under 90 people in England will be eligible for the treatment.

The gene therapy is for patients who have retinal dystrophy as a result of inheriting a faulty copy of the RPE65 gene from both parents. The gene is important for providing the pigment that light sensitive cells need to absorb light. Initially this affects night vision but eventually, as the cells die, it can lead to complete blindness.

An injection is made into the back of the eye - this delivers working copies of the RPE65 gene. These are contained inside a harmless virus, which enables them to penetrate the retinal cells. Once inside the nucleus, the gene provides the instructions to make the RPE65 protein, which is essential for healthy vision.

Matthew Wood started losing his sight as a child, and is now registered blind. However, he does have some peripheral vision and can detect large objects and bright lights. He told the BBC: "Since I was a child I was continually told there was no treatment for this condition, so it's amazing to receive this gene therapy."

Mr Wood, from London, had his right eye treated during an hour-long operation at the John Radcliffe Hospital in Oxford.

His left eye will be injected in a few weeks. The surgery was carried out by Prof Robert MacLaren, who has pioneered research into gene therapies for preventing blindness.

He told the BBC: "This is very exciting - this is the first approved NHS gene therapy for an eye disease, but there are opportunities to use gene therapy to treat other diseases in future, not only in the eye."

The treatment is only suitable for patients who have some remaining vision. It should bring the biggest benefits to children with RPE65 retinal dystrophy, as it could halt sight loss before permanent damage is done.

It is not known how long the benefits of the treatment will last, but it's thought it could be several decades.

Jake Ternent, 23, from Durham, had his gene therapy at Moorfields Eye Hospital in London.

Like Matthew Wood, he is registered blind, but has some limited sight. He told the BBC: "I hope the treatment could improve my night vision, and possibly even my day vision, which would be incredible. I feel lucky and privileged to get this on the NHS."

Prof James Bainbridge - from Moorfields Eye Hospital - who treated Jake, told the BBC: "To be at the point now where we are able to offer this treatment on the NHS, is truly remarkable. This is the first example of what's anticipated to be a whole new generation of treatments."

It will take a month or two before Matthew and Jake know what changes the gene therapy has made to their vision. But even if it simply prevents further sight loss, both say they will be delighted.

Professor Stephen Powis, NHS medical director, said: "Loss of vision can have a devastating effect, particularly for children and young people, but this truly life-changing treatment offers hope to people with this rare and distressing condition."

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Gene therapy to halt rare form of sight loss - BBC News

BioMarin gene therapy won’t need an AdComm as it nabs speedy FDA review – FierceBiotech

BioMarins hemophilia A drug has been set an Aug. 21 PDUFA date as the California biotech looks to gain a speedy approval for the first-ever gene therapy for the bleeding disease.

The company said Friday morning the FDA had granted its AAV5 gene therapy, valoctocogene roxaparvovec, a quick review and that, at the moment at least, it didnt see the need for an expert committee to assess the drug, giving it a smoother path to a potential approval.

The FDA has also accepted the premarket approval application for a companion diagnostic test for valoctocogene roxaparvovec, helping identify the patients it can treat. The test is made by ARUP Laboratories, a nonprofit enterprise of the University of Utah and its department of pathology, it said in a statement.

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The drug is also under a speedy review in Europe.

Its not all been smooth sailing: Three-year data on its candidate were reported last May but sparked concerns about the durability of the therapy, also known as "valrox," after factor VIII levels seemed to fall off after 12 to 18 months, raising the possibility that patients might need to be re-dosed to maintain protection against bleeds.

Its main competition could come from Pfizer and Sangamo Therapeutics hemophilia A gene therapy SB-525, which reported positive data late last year, with Roche/Spark Therapeutics also in contention with SPK-8011.

Spark, however, suffered a setback after two patients treated with SPK-8011 developed immune reactions, one of which had to be treated in a hospital, but reported encouraging results with its therapy last February. It has since been snapped up in a (protracted) $4.3 billion takeover by Swiss major Roche.

RELATED: BioMarin drops lower dose of its hemophilia gene therapy as it eyes submissions by year-end

The hemophilia community has been waiting for decades for gene therapies. The FDA acceptance of the filing and initiation of review for the first gene therapy for hemophilia A builds on years of scientific achievements in improving the standard of care for people with bleeding disorders, said Doris Quon, M.D., medical director at the Orthopaedic Hemophilia Treatment Center at the Orthopaedic Institute for Children.

As a treating physician, I look forward to the possibility of having more treatment options for people with hemophilia.

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BioMarin gene therapy won't need an AdComm as it nabs speedy FDA review - FierceBiotech

With supply tight, Novartis readies gene therapy plant for production – BioPharma Dive

Supplies of Zolgensma, the gene therapy approved last year for spinal muscular atrophy, are tight.

Novartis, which sells the one-time treatment, can currently make about 700 to 800 doses a year at its manufacturing plant in Libertyville, Illinois. That's enough to cover the infants in the U.S. currently eligible to receive Zolgensma but leaves little room for treating a wider group of patients, which the Swiss drugmaker aims to do.

On Thursday, executives from AveXis, the Novartis unit that developed Zolgensma, opened a new facility in Durham, North Carolina, that the company views as a critical cog in its plans to expand supply of the gene therapy.

Initial production will begin this spring. But until the Food and Drug Administration licenses the plant, Novartis won't be able to use product made there for commercial sale. The company expects to gain approval next year.

Between now and then, Novartis also hopes to secure regulatory OKs for manufacturing Zolgensma at a site in Longmont, Colorado, bought last year, and through the contract manufacturer Catalent.

"There is a short-term challenge over the next six to nine months to make sure that we can manage the supplies that are out there," said David Lennon, president of Novartis' AveXis unit, in an interview.

"We feel comfortable where we are, but we'd love to have these other sites onboard to make sure we're really robust and don't face any risks of shutdowns or anything that could impact supply."

Limited supply has also kept Novartis from widening a program set up to make the gene therapy available free of charge to patients in countries where it's not yet approved. The "expanded access" scheme, which was launched in January, randomly allocates doses of Zolgensma for participating patients under the age of two with genetically confirmed spinal muscular atrophy.

This year, Novartis plans to distribute 100 doses through the lottery, which has been criticized as putting a child's life to chance.

"We obviously know that not everyone is happy with the program," said Lennon. "We're still considering what we might do, but we're open to making changes if it makes sense for the community and to meet the goals of the program."

Lennon said he hoped to expand the program as more manufacturing capacity for Zolgensma becomes available.

Novartis has committed upwards of $200 million to building out the site in Durham, which will employ about 400 staff by the end of the year.

Spanning 170,000 square feet, the facility will be used for both commercial Zolgensma manufacturing as well as to support clinical production of other gene therapies that Novartis is developing.

"This is as much an investment in the short term in building out our supply for Zolgensma, as it is for the long term to have the flexibility to deliver on a robust pipeline," said Lennon.

Novartis currently expects to treat about 100 infants every three months in the U.S. under Zolgensma's current label. But it's also working to expand the therapy's approval to treat older children over two using a spinal injection rather than an infusion.

That patient population is significantly larger and will test Novartis' ability to produce a steady supply of the drug, although the FDA has placed a partial "hold" on the study testing the new dosing.

Novartis' launch of Zolgensma is under significant scrutiny, both because of the $2.1 million price tag the drugmaker put on the therapy and due to a data manipulation scandal that engulfed the company last year.

Despite the high cost, insurers have largely covered treatment, leading to strong sales of Zolgensma in its first three quarters on the market.

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With supply tight, Novartis readies gene therapy plant for production - BioPharma Dive

New Gene Therapies Institute Aims to Address Regulatory Barriers – HealthITAnalytics.com

February 20, 2020 -The Institute for Gene Therapies (IGT), a new advocacy foundation focused on policy issues surrounding gene therapies, recently launched with the goal of modernizing US regulatory and reimbursement framework for gene therapies.

According to IGT, the US health system currently spends about 85 cents of every healthcare dollar managing the symptoms of chronic diseases over a patients lifetime. With gene therapies, providers could alter patients non-functioning genes or replace absent ones, leading to long-lasting effects and potentially reshaping the way thousands of diseases are treated.

While traditional biologic and pharmaceutical medicines help manage the symptoms of disease over time, gene therapies target the cause of disease at the DNA level, creating lasting changes in the body. Some gene therapies are also designed to be one-time treatments that offer lifelong benefits.

IGT will work to educate stakeholders across the healthcare system about the potential for gene therapies to treat and cure common and rare chronic diseases, and advocate for policies that help ensure patients who need gene therapies can benefit from them.

Existing regulatory and reimbursement structures were established and adjusted over time to support pharmaceutical and biologic medicines, IGT noted, and need refining to accommodate the potential of gene therapies.

READ MORE: Data Mining Techniques Could Improve Cancer Gene Therapies

Many crippling conditions like Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT), which I was diagnosed with before the age of two take hold at a very young age, cut lives far too short or cause ongoing daily suffering, said Susan Ruediger, CEO of the CMT Research Foundation (CMTRF) and member of the IGT Patient Advocacy Advisory Council.

Like so many diseases, CMT currently has no cure. I am proud to stand with other leading patient advocates, members of the research community and companies that are developing gene therapies to help ensure patients can fully realize the benefits of these giant leaps toward treatments and cures.

The FDA has already approved four gene therapy products, and researchers are studying hundreds more in clinical trials for rare and common diseases, including many types of cancer, neuromuscular diseases, blood disorders and infectious diseases, and other conditions.

The growth of innovative research and product development in the field of gene therapy is exciting to us as physicians, scientists and regulators, FDA Commissioner Stephen M. Hahn, MD, said in a statement.

We understand and appreciate the tremendous impact that gene therapies can have on patients by potentially reversing the debilitating trajectory of diseases. These therapies, once only conceptual, are rapidly becoming a therapeutic reality for an increasing number of patients with a wide range of diseases, including rare genetic disorders and autoimmune diseases.

READ MORE: Genetic Sequencing Study Identifies 102 Genes Associated with Autism

The FDA has also released six final guidance documents on gene therapy manufacturing and clinical development of products. These documents incorporate input from stakeholders across the healthcare industry and make important strides in designing a modern structure for gene therapy development.

As the regulators of these novel therapies, we know that the framework we construct for product development and review will set the stage for continued advancement of this cutting-edge field and further enable innovators to safely develop effective therapies for many diseases with unmet medical needs, said Peter Marks, MD, PhD, director of the FDAs Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research.

Scientific development in this area is fast-paced, complex, and poses many unique questions during a product review; including how these products work, how to administer them safely, and whether they will continue to achieve a therapeutic effect in the body without causing adverse side effects over a long period of time.

IGT will being together experts across the healthcare community, including corporate leaders, patient advocacy groups, and academic and scientific stakeholders, to ensure health policies reflect the latest advancements in gene therapies. The institute will also work to remove barriers that limit patient access to these therapies and promote sustainable, long-term solutions.

Experts will learn more about the value gene therapies bring to patients, their families, and the healthcare system as a whole. IGT will help advance chronic disease treatments and get to the root cause of some of the most debilitating, expensive conditions that affect patients throughout their lives.

READ MORE: 77% of Americans Are Optimistic About Genetics Research, Potential

The incredible scientific advancements in this space present unique opportunities to directly improve and save the lives of patients suffering from debilitating diseases, said IGT Chairman, and former Congressman Erik Paulsen.

This is not some far-off future patients are already benefiting from the first FDA-approved gene therapies. But we need policy to move faster toward this new reality where we can treat the causes of many diseases. The Institute for Gene Therapies and our members believe unique regulatory and reimbursement structures need to be established, novel development pathways need to be embraced and new value-based arrangements need to be tested.

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New Gene Therapies Institute Aims to Address Regulatory Barriers - HealthITAnalytics.com

First patient undergoes Luxturna gene therapy on NHS – PharmaTimes

The NHS has reported treating its first patient with Novartis Luxturna (voretigene neparvovec) a revolutionary new gene therapy that can restore eyesight, as part of its NHS Long Term Plan.

The therapy is for those born with an inherited retinal disorder - Lebers Congenital Amaurosis (LCA) - who have poor sight which swiftly deteriorates, with many ultimately losing their vision completely in childhood.

The life-changing treatment for children and adults is the first in a new generation of gene therapies that can be directly administered to patients, in this case through an injection. Many patients in the trials have recovered their night time vision with the treatment.

Jake Ternet, patient at Moorfields Eye Hospital was the first in the UK to receive the treatment.

Professor Stephen Powis, NHS medical director, said:Loss of vision can have devastating effects, particularly for children and young people, but this truly life changing treatment offers hope to people with this rare and distressing condition.

Once again, the NHS is at the forefront of the genomic revolution with patients in England among the first to benefit from this new form of treatment a modern day miracle as part of the Long Term Plan.

Back in September last year, The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) recommended the use of Luxturna on the NHS for certain patients with RPE65-mediated inherited retinal dystrophies in those with vision loss.

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First patient undergoes Luxturna gene therapy on NHS - PharmaTimes

Bluebird’s gene therapy hits another delay, this time in the US – BioPharma Dive

Dive Brief:

Bluebird's commercial operations are just getting off the ground. In its latest earnings report, the Cambridge, Massachusetts-based biotech detailed how it has inked agreements with health insurers in Germany that should provide coverage for LentiGlobin, which is sold under the brand name Zyntegloin Europe, for up to 50% of eligible beta-thalassemia patients. Bluebird expects the first commercial patient to be treated before July.

Across the Atlantic, U.S. patients are looking at a longer timeline before LentiGlobin becomes available. Stifel analysts wrote in a note to clients that they don't foresee any stateside patients receiving the therapy commercially in 2020 "given what we anticipate will be a complicated negotiation process with payors."

Analysts at Raymond James, meanwhile, downgraded Bluebird to a "Market Perform" rating, writing that "execution issues on the regulatory, clinical and manufacturing side outweigh our support for the innovative drug products."

As Bluebird works through the latest delay in beta-thalassemia,it will also be preparing for an expanded research program in sickle cell. The company already intended to kick off a late-stage study in sickle cell patients with a history of vaso-occlusive crises in the first half of 2020. With Tuesday's earnings presentation, though, came plans to initiate a second late-stage study sometime this year, which will evaluate LentiGlobin's effects in about 18 children with sickle cell and elevated stroke risk.

A sickle cell approval, though a ways off, could boost Bluebird's bottom line. Beta-thalassemiais rarer in U.S. than other parts of the world, and certainly less common than sickle cell. According to estimates cited by the National Organization of Rare Disorders, roughly 3,300 U.S. patients have beta-thalassemiaversus the 100,000 who have sickle cell.

An expanded program could provide more evidence of LentiGlobin's benefit in this larger patient pool.Yet the updates don't seem to have alleviated investor concerns. Bluebird shares were down nearly 10% in late Wednesday morning, trading around $80 apiece.

"LentiGlobin in Sickle Cell Disease remains a bright spot, in our view, but with [late-stage studies] expected to get underway this year, we don't expect investor sentiment to change anytime soon," Stifel analysts wrote.

The investment bank models Zyntelgo bringing in $12 million worth of revenue in 2020 from the beta-thalassemia indication, increasing to $53 million in 2021 and $390 million by 2030. Conversely, it models $48 million in 2022 from the sickle cell indication, increasing to almost $2 billion by 2030.

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Bluebird's gene therapy hits another delay, this time in the US - BioPharma Dive

First Patients Begin Gene Therapy Treatment for Blindness through NHS – Interesting Engineering

Back in September, a breakthrough gene therapy was found to treat inherited retinal dystrophies. Now, people in the UK are being treated with it.

This gene therapy is meant for people who are born with retinal dystrophy. It happens when the patient inherits a faulty copy of the RPE65 gene from both parents. Babies lose sight as they grow older since this gene is crucial for providing the requirements that light-sensitive cells need to absorb light.

The trouble of sight starts with poor night vision and leads to complete blindness with the death of the current cells.

SEE ALSO:BLIND WOMAN PLAYS VIDEO GAME THANKS TO IMPLANT THAT JACKS DIRECTLY INTO THE BRAIN

NHS therapy is expected to halt sight loss and even improve vision in the process. In order to do this, working copies of the RPE65 gene is injected into the back of the eye. The copies are put inside a harmless virus and the virus penetrates the retinal cells.

After the virus is inside the nucleus, the gene provides the instructions to make the RPE65 protein. This provides a healthier vision.

The treatment is sadly only suitable for patients who have some vision remaining. It is expected to be beneficial to the children who have this eye disorder since it can stop sight loss before any permanent damage is done.

Matthew Wood is one of the first patients to receive the therapy. He started losing his sight as a child, and only had peripheral vision currently. His surgery was carried out by Professor Robert MacLaren.

In a BBC interview, MacLaren said, This is very exciting this is the first approved NHS gene therapy for an eye disease, but there are opportunities to use gene therapy to treat other diseases in the future, not only in the eye.

One downside of the treatment is the price point with 600,000. However, NHS England has stated that they have agreed on a discount with the manufacturer Novartis.

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First Patients Begin Gene Therapy Treatment for Blindness through NHS - Interesting Engineering

Spark R&D chief High exits in wake of Roche takeover – FierceBiotech

Spark Therapeutics co-founder and R&D head Kathy High has left the gene therapy specialist in the wake of its takeover by Roche. The Basel-based Big Pharma talked up its ability to cope with the loss of the R&D chief, pointing to the 450-person team High helped build to back up its confidence.

As a professor at Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP), High was involved in early efforts to give patients with an inherited vision loss disorder a functioning version of RPE65. The work led High to found Spark with Jeff Marrazzo, who became CEO of the biotech, and Steven Altschuler, the former president of CHOP, and ultimately to the approval of RPE65 gene therapy Luxturna.

High oversaw the development of Luxturna and the rest of Sparks pipeline. However, with Spark now part of Roche, High has decided to end her time in industry. Philadelphia Business Journal first broke the news, which Roche subsequently confirmed in a statement.

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Roches statement highlighted the central role High played in Luxturna, Sparks hemophilia A and B gene therapy candidates and its takeover of the biotech she co-founded. However, Roche also sought to downplay the risk that Highs departure could harm the prospects of the pipeline it acquired in the takeover of Spark.

Today, Spark has broad scientific knowledge and expertise in gene therapy, with the company now numbering more than 450 employees and continued growth expected in the future. This is why we dont expect any impact on the scientific expertise of our team or clinical programs. We expect that our scientific and clinical teams will continue their proven track record of innovation, progress and safety, the Roche spokesperson said.

Roche singled out a hemophilia A gene therapy as a Spark program that it remains committed to. The public commitment to the program follows a lull in news about the gene therapy. Spark shared phase 1/2 data late in 2018 and quietly began a lead-in study for a phase 3 trial last year. However, the gene therapy specialist said little about the program during its protracted takeover by Roche.

The period of radio silence now looks set to end, with Roche stating it will share an update on the program in due course. Roche will have to manage the program without the support of High, who is set to take some well-deserved time off and then will begin a new chapter in a sabbatical at a university, according to the Swiss Big Pharma.

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Spark R&D chief High exits in wake of Roche takeover - FierceBiotech

Why So Many Biotechs Are Scrambling to Develop a Drug for the Same Rare Disease – The Motley Fool

Nearly 1.8 million Americans were diagnosed with cancer last year. Around the world, the total was close to 17 million. It's not surprising, then, that more than 700 biopharmaceutical companies have experimental cancer drugs in late-stage development.

Beta-thalassemia, on the other hand, is a rare disease that affects around 1,000 or so people in the United States. It's more prevalent in some countries but still impacts only one in 100,000 individuals.

You might expect one or maybe two biotechs could be developing therapies to treat beta-thalassemia. However, by my count, at least half a dozen companies have programs targeting the blood disorder. Why are a disproportionate number of biotechs scrambling to develop drugs for the same rare disease?

Image source: Getty Images.

Probably the main reason why a relatively large group of drugmakers are targeting beta-thalassemia is that the cause of the disease is straightforward. Understanding the why behind a disease is a critical prerequisite to treating it.

Beta-thalassemia is usually caused by a mutation in the HBB gene, which provides instructions on how to build beta-globin proteins. These proteins are part of hemoglobin, the protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen throughout the body. The HBB mutations that cause beta-thalassemia result in dysfunctional red blood cells that can't carry enough oxygen, which leads to patients experiencing anemia.

Another potential reason why biotechs are attracted to beta-thalassemia, though, is that it's not the only disease that is caused by mutations in the HBB gene. Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a related disease where HBB mutations cause red blood cells to form a sickle (or crescent) shape. These misshaped red blood cells can get stuck in blood vessels and cause multiple health complications, including anemia, infections, frequent pain, and heart problems.

While beta-thalassemia is rare, SCD is the most common genetic blood disorder in the U.S. It affects up to 100,000 Americans. SCD is even more prevalent in Africa, impacting up to 3% of newborns in some parts of the continent.

Drugmakers that identify a way to treat beta-thalassemia can be on the right track to target sickle cell disease as well. And with a much larger patient population, the market potential for successful therapies is greater.

One product has already been approved by the FDA for treating beta-thalassemia. Acceleron Pharma (NASDAQ:XLRN) developed luspatercept in collaboration with Celgene. In November 2019, Celgene won FDA approval for luspatercept in treating transfusion-dependent beta-thalassemia. Bristol-Myers Squibb (NYSE:BMY) closed its acquisition of Celgene a few weeks later and is marketing the drug under the brand name Reblozyl. Luspatercept is also in a mid-stage clinical study for treating non-transfusion-dependent beta-thalassemia.

Bluebird bio (NASDAQ:BLUE) won European approval for Lentiglobin in June 2019 for treating transfusion-dependent beta-thalassemia. Lentiglobin is a gene therapy that transplants cells with healthy HBB genes into patients. The biotech launched the therapy in Germany in January with the brand name Zynteglo. Bluebird plans to roll out Zynteglo in other key European markets later this year and should file for U.S. approval within the next few months.

Several biotechs are developing gene-editing approaches to treat beta-thalassemia. The company with the most advanced gene-editing program is Sangamo Therapeutics (NASDAQ:SGMO). However, there are some worries about ST-400, the experimental gene therapy that Sangamo is developing with Sanofi. In December 2019, Sangamo announced preliminary results from an early stage clinical study that, while showing promise, raised safety concerns.

CRISPR Therapeutics (NASDAQ:CRSP) and its big partner, Vertex Pharmaceuticals (NASDAQ:VRTX), are evaluating CTX001 in early stage clinical studies for treating beta-thalassemia and SCD. CTX-001 uses CRISPR gene editing, a different method than the zinc-finger nuclease (ZFN) gene-editing approach that Sangamo uses. CRISPR Therapeutics and Vertex reported promising preliminary results in December 2019 from both of its clinical studies.

Editas Medicine (NASDAQ:EDIT) is also using CRISPR gene editing to target both beta-thalassemia and SCD. The biotech hasn't advanced its experimental therapy to a clinical study in humans yet but plans to file for FDA approval later in 2020 to begin clinical testing. Editas thinks that its gene-editing approach is superior to the ones being taken by CRISPR Therapeutics and Sangamo.

Trailing the pack is Syros Pharmaceuticals (NASDAQ:SYRS). In December, Syros and Global Blood Therapeuticssigned a deal to work together to develop drugs targeting beta-thalassemia and SCD based on Syros' gene control platform. Instead of trying to directly edit the gene mutations, Syros' gene control therapies attempt to control the expression of genes through genomic switches in other parts of DNA. The biotech hasn't said how soon it will be able to advance to clinical testing with its experimental drug.

There are a couple of big problems for investors with so many companies chasing after the same rare disease. First, it's impossible to know which experimental therapies will be successful. Second, if multiple drugs win regulatory approvals, the competition could be so fierce that no product is a huge moneymaker.

It's also important to know that several of the products being developed hold the potential to cure beta-thalassemia. These therapies could wipe out the opportunities for drugs that aren't curative.

One solution to this investor's dilemma is to avoid all of the biotech stocks that are focused on beta-thalassemia. However, that's like throwing the baby out with the bathwater. I think that a better alternative is to invest in the big drugmakers with beta-thalassemia programs.

Bristol-Myers Squibb already has one FDA approval under its belt for Reblozyl. BMS also owns 5.3% of CRISPR Therapeutics and is partnering with Editas on developing gene-editing therapies targeting cancer. Vertex is partnering with CRISPR Therapeutics and owns 10.2% of the small biotech. Both BMS and Vertex stand to win with their beta-thalassemia drugs but also have plenty of other growth drivers.

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Why So Many Biotechs Are Scrambling to Develop a Drug for the Same Rare Disease - The Motley Fool

3 Cancer Treatment Stocks to Buy Right Now – The Motley Fool

There has been so much progress in treating cancer in just the past 10 years that it could make your head spin. Researchers have identified new ways to fight cancer -- and new ways to diagnose cancer more effectively, too.

Close to $150 billion will likely be spent on cancer drugs this year. This creates lots of opportunities for investors. But which cancer treatment stocks are the top picks right now? Here's why I think thatbluebird bio (NASDAQ:BLUE), Bristol-Myers Squibb (NYSE:BMY), and Intuitive Surgical (NASDAQ:ISRG) especially stand out.

Image source: Getty Images.

I recently include Bluebird on my list of the three best biotech stocks to buy for the next decade. This list was admittedly a stretch since it's impossible to accurately predict how any stocks will perform in the future. That's especially true for biotech stocks.

However, there are several reasons Bluebird could fly significantly higher. For one thing, the company recently lauched its first product, Zynteglo, in Germany. It will take a while for revenue to pick up for the gene therapy, which targets transfusion-dependent beta-thalassemia. But Bluebird expects to introduce Zynteglo in other key European markets later this year. It also plans for file for U.S. approval in the first half of 2020.

Zynteglo isn't a cancer treatment, but Bluebird has a couple of cell therapies that are. The company's partner, Bristol-Myers Squibb, should file for FDA approval of ide-cel in treating multiple myeloma, a type of blood cancer, this year. Bluebird and BMS are also collaborating on another promising multiple myeloma cell therapy, bb21217. I think that both drugs should become blockbusters if approved.

In addition, Bluebird has another rare disease drug in late-stage testing.The biotech should file for U.S. and European approvals for Lenti-D in treating cerebraladrenoleukodystrophy by late 2020.

Bluebird's partner, Bristol-Myers Squibb, ranks as one of the biggest cancer-focused drugmakers on the planet. Market researcher EvaluatePharma projects that the company's cancer immunotherapy will be the No. 4 top-selling drug in the world within the next few years. BMS has a rising star with its multiple myeloma drug Empliciti. And that's just the tip of the iceberg for BMS.

Thanks to its acquisition of Celgene in late 2019, BMS now has several other blockbuster cancer drugs in its lineup. Revlimid is the biggest moneymaker that BMS picked up in the deal. The company also now claims multiple myeloma drug Pomalyst and solid tumor drug Abraxane.

In addition, BMS's pipeline is bursting at the seams with potential blockbusters. The company expects to win FDA approval for liso-cel in treating relapsed or refractory large B-cell lymphoma by Aug. 17, 2020. We've already mentioned Bluebird's ide-cel, which BMS licensed.

Don't forget BMS's drugs outside the cancer arena. Blood thinner Eliquis should become the No. 3 best-selling drug in the world by 2024. Autoimmune disease drug Orencia continues to perform very well. BMS also hopes to win FDA approval for Celgene's ozanimod in treating multiple sclerosis next month.

You might be a little surprised to see Intuitive Surgical included along with two drugmakers as a top cancer treatment stock to buy right now. But Intuitive's da Vinci robotic surgical system is used extensively in treating prostate cancer, with 138,000 urological procedures performed with the system in the U.S. alone last year.

To be transparent, though, Intuitive's prominence in treating prostate cancer isn't the main reason why I included this stock. What I most like about Intuitive Surgical is its overall business model. The company basically uses a modern version of the old razor-and-blades approach. It makes money by selling robotic surgical systems but makes a whole lot more by selling replacement instruments, accessories, and providing services.

Intuitive Surgical's recurring revenue in 2019 stood at 72% of total revenue. That figure should continue to grow as the install base for da Vinci grows and as customers use the system for more procedures. Intuitive is also leasing more robotic surgical systems than ever before, which will boost recurring revenue even more.

Other companies hope to challenge Intuitive Surgical's dominance in the robotic surgical systems market. My view, though, is that this competition will be a good thing for Intuitive by expanding the market. I also think Intuitive Surgical's huge head start in developing an ecosystem supporting its technology gives it a solid moat.

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3 Cancer Treatment Stocks to Buy Right Now - The Motley Fool

The Most Important Stock to Own Over the Next Decade – Nasdaq

I'll admit that I have no idea which stock will deliver the biggest returns over the next 10 years. If I had to guess, it would probably be a stock that hardly anyone has heard of right now. After all, the unknown tiny stocks have the most room to run.

But identifying the most important stock to own over the next decade is a different story. By my definition, the most important stock will be one that's most likely to have a profound impact on the greatest number of people.

There are several worthy candidates to get the nod as the most important stock for the 2020s. If I had to choose just one stock right now, though, it would be... Alphabet (NASDAQ: GOOG) (NASDAQ: GOOGL).

Image source: Getty Images.

We can look around today to see which trends are likely to matter the most over the next decade. Perhaps the most critical trend is the growing senior population across the world.

The U.S. Census Bureau projects that 2030 will be a turning point for the country with every member of the baby boomer generation over age 65. Nearly 25% of residents of the European Union will be at least 65 years old 10 years from now. Over 25% of Chinese citizens will be at least 60 years old by 2030. The percentages in other heavily populated Asian countries are even higher.

There lots of implications from these demographic trends. Hundreds of millions of people will have more time on their hands, for one thing. More importantly, though, the demand for healthcare products and services will almost certainly increase significantly.

Another key trend that should shape the next decade is the expanded role of artificial intelligence (AI). There has been a dramatic surge in the use of AI in recent years. Just ask your smartphone. But I expect the 2020s will usher in an era where AI is even more pervasive, from smarter apps to self-driving cars. This shift to increased use of AI will likely add fuel to the fire of another unstoppable technology trend -- the migration of apps and data to the cloud.

Speaking of trends that are already under way and should pick up momentum, how often do you use cash these days? If you're like most people, the answer is "at little as possible." The war on cash (i.e., the transition to digital payment methods) should intensify over the next decade.

Of course, there are other important trends that will impact many people in the 2020s. However, few will rival the significance that aging demographics, the increased prevalence of AI, and the war on cash will have.

Quite a few companies will play a role in at least one of these critical trends shaping the next decade. But a handful will be involved in all of them. I'd argue that Alphabet is the one company that covers the major trends from A to Z and that will make the biggest difference overall.

Let's start with aging demographics. Alphabet's apps, particularly Google Search and YouTube, are likely to be used much more frequently as older individuals have more leisure time. The more significant impact for the company, though, could be in healthcare.

Alphabet's Verily Life Sciences subsidiary is working with DexComon the development of its cutting-edge G7 continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) system. Verily is collaborating with several major drugmakers, including Novartisand Pfizer, on Project Baseline -- an effort to map a baseline of human health. This project could change how new drugs are developed and improve the quality of care provided to patients.

Another Alphabet subsidiary, Calico, has an even more ambitious goal: extending the human lifespan. There's no guarantee that Calico will unveil earthshaking developments over the next 10 years, but it might.

But I'd say that it is a certainty that Alphabet will be at the forefront of AI development in this decade. It already ranks as a leader in AI and has the resources to stay on top. Alphabet's Waymo unit expects to expand its fleet of self-driving cabs beyond the initial testbed in Phoenix, Arizona. It's partnered with Jaguar to develop the first fully self-driving car. And Waymo's self-driving big-rig trucks could move out of the testing phase in the not-too-distant future.

Image source: Getty Images.

Alphabet is also addressing two major trends at the same time by applying AI to healthcare. The company's DeepMind AI lab achieved a big breakthrough last year by using AI to predict a potentially fatal kidney disease 48 hours before it became critical. Alphabet's AI can even detect breast cancer more accurately than most human radiologists.

On top of all of this, Alphabet is also a major player in the war on cash with its Google Pay digital payment platform. Google Pay is available on more than 2.5 billion active Android devices worldwide. Alphabet even plans to launch online checking accounts for Google Pay users in 2020.

I don't expect Alphabet will be the best-performing stock of the decade. It's too big already. The good news, though, is that Alphabet's role in the key trends for the next 10 years should also lead to big stock gains.

Despite its $1 trillion market cap, Alphabet is still a growth stock. Its core businesses should power plenty of growth on their own. But I think that the company's healthcare, AI, and digital payment efforts will pay off in a major way, too. My view is that Alphabet is the most important stock to own over the next decade but also a winning stock to own over the next decade.

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Suzanne Frey, an executive at Alphabet, is a member of The Motley Fool's board of directors. Keith Speights owns shares of Alphabet (A shares) and Pfizer. The Motley Fool owns shares of and recommends Alphabet (A shares) and Alphabet (C shares). The Motley Fool recommends DexCom. The Motley Fool has a disclosure policy.

The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Nasdaq, Inc.

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The Most Important Stock to Own Over the Next Decade - Nasdaq

The view of quantum threats from the front lines – JAXenter

The future is here. Or just about. After a number of discoveries, researchers have proven that quantum computing is possible and on its way. The wider world did not pause long on this discovery: Goldman Sachs, Amazon, Google, and IBM have just announced their own intentions to embark on their own quantum developments.

Now that its within our reach we have to start seriously considering what that means in the real world. Certainly, we all stand to gain from the massive benefits that quantum capabilities can bring, but so do cybercriminals.

Scalable quantum computing will defeat much of modern-day encryption, such as the RSA 2048 bit keys, which secure computer networks everywhere. The U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology says as much, projecting that quantum in this decade will be able to break the protocols on which the modern internet relies.

The security profession hasnt taken the news lying down either. Preparations have begun in earnest. The DigiCert 2019 Post Quantum Cryptography (PQC) Survey aimed to examine exactly how companies were doing. Researchers surveyed 400 enterprises, each with 1,000 or more employees, across the US, Germany and Japan to get answers. They also conducted a focus group of nine different IT managers to further reveal those preparations.

SEE ALSO:DevSecOps Panel Best DevOps Security Practices & Best Tools

An encouraging development is that 35 percent of respondents already have a PQC budget, and a further 56 percent are discussing one in their organisations. Yet, many are still very early in the process of PQC planning. An IT manager within a manufacturing company said, We have a budget for security overall. Theres a segment allotted to this, but its not to the level or expense that is appropriate and should be there yet.

The time to start preparing, including inquiring of your vendors readiness for quantum computing threats, is now. One of the respondents, an IT Security manager at a financial services company, told surveyors, Were still in the early discussion phases because were not the only ones who are affected. There are third party partners and vendors that were in early discussions with on how we can be proactive and beef up our security. And quantum cryptology is one of the topics that we are looking at.

Others expanded upon that, noting that their early preparations heavily involve discussing the matter with third parties and vendors. Another focus group member, an IT manager at an industrial construction company, told the group, We have third party security companies that are working with us to come up with solutions to be proactive. So obviously, knock on wood, nothing has happened yet. But we are definitely always proactive from a security standpoint and were definitely trying to make sure that were ready once a solution is available.

Talking to your vendors and third parties should be a key part of any organisations planning process. To that end, organisations should be checking whether their partners will keep supporting and securing customers operations into the age of quantum.

The data itself was still at the centre of respondents minds when it came to protection from quantum threats, and when asked what they were focusing on in their preparations, respondents said that above all they were monitoring their own data. One respondent told us, The data is everything for anybody thats involved in protecting it. And so you just have to stay on top of it along with your vendors and continue to communicate.

One of the prime preparatory best practices that respondents called upon was monitoring. Knowing what kind of data flows within your environment, how its used and how its currently protected are all things that an enterprise has to find out as they prepare.

SEE ALSO:As quantum computing draws near, cryptography security concerns grow

To be sure, overhauling an enterprises cryptographic infrastructure is no small feat, but respondents listed understanding their organisations level of crypto agility as a priority. Quantum might be a few years off, but becoming crypto agile may take just as long.

Organisations will have to plan for a system which can easily swap out, integrate and change cryptographic algorithms within an organisation. Moreover, it must be able to do so quickly, cheaply and without any significant changes to the broader system. Practically, this means installing automated platforms which follow your cryptographic deployments so that you can remediate, revoke, renew, reissue or otherwise control any and all of your certificates at scale.

Many organisations are still taking their first tentative steps, and others have yet to take any. Now is the time for organisations to be assessing their deployments of crypto and digital certificates so they have proper crypto-agility and are ready to deploy quantum-resistant algorithms soon rather than being caught lacking when it finally arrives.

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The view of quantum threats from the front lines - JAXenter