Want To Regain Control Of Your Data? Blockchains Permission Management Is A Step In The Right Direction – Forbes

The idea of managing your data on a blockchain might sound crazy, but it could actually give you ... [+] more control over what you share.

Public data breaches are everywhere, and despite growing awareness of the need for better data security, they dont seem to be slowing down.

Take the recent hack of Clearview AI: hackers exposed the firms customer list, including many law enforcement agencies and details relating to the searches they conducted using Clearviews data.

In this climate, the idea of managing your personal data out there on a blockchain might seem crazy. But in fact, blockchain does provide a secure method of managing access to data, and using blockchain could put people back in the drivers seat when it comes to controlling what data they share.

Ive already explored some of the unintended consequences of the gig economy, and data ownership is a central factor. Looking more closely at the rideshare ecosystem, one concern is that drivers dont own their reputation. Reputational data including star rating, number of completed rides and distance driven belong to the ride-share platform.

This is a significant worry. If these reputation metrics were recorded on a blockchain, drivers would be able to keep tabs on their standing, benchmark their performance against industry trends, and most importantly, carry their profile over to other platforms to optimize their business as independent contractors. This would let them maximize their opportunities to earn income without being reliant on a single app or platform.

Blockchain isnt just applicable to accessing personal data in the gig economy. Until the Equifax data breach hit the news in September 2017, most of us would have had no idea that credit score companies were systematically collecting, aggregating and selling our personal information, without our knowledge or consent. After all, its our sensitive personal financial data. Its reasonable to assume that when we entrust that information to a third party, particularly one in the financial services business, that they would regard its security as highly as we do! But if we managed that information on the blockchain, we would know that it was secure, and we would have control over who had access to it.

In broad terms, blockchain gives individuals a flexible way to control their data and content. The ability to link to a verified online identity ensures that personal information is both securely stored, and readily available to be shared under the right permissions. Further, smart contracts can be used to control access based on user-defined agreements. The privacy and encryption capabilities of blockchain are improving constantly, with several organizations including The Open Application Network working to develop better privacy protocols for blockchain.

Modern digital platforms pose risks for anyone reliant on those platforms for income; what happens to drivers if their ride-hailing platform is shut down or legislated out of their city? Blockchain eliminates these worries. It offers a flexible way for independent contractors to curate their reputation across a broad marketplace rather than on a singular platform.

It doesnt matter whether youre an Uber driver or someone whose data has been stolen, were all getting tired of the rent-seeking behavior from giant platforms. In a world where efforts to monetize our actions for the benefit of mega platforms have become the norm, whats the solution? We can put individuals back in control of their data, with blockchains decentralized ownership model. That would be a good first step.

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Want To Regain Control Of Your Data? Blockchains Permission Management Is A Step In The Right Direction - Forbes

Argentinean Govt Blockchain Hacked to Spread Fake News on Coronavirus – Cointelegraph

In the midst of the global emergency caused by the Coronavirus pandemic, the Argentine government confirmed on March 14 that they suffered a hack on the website of their official gazette (Boletin Official) based on blockchain technology, where false statements regarding the coronavirus were spread.

According to officials quoted by El Cronista, there were direct hacking attempts that failed to enter the newsletter's system. Still, the hackers located a vulnerability that allowed fake news to be spread through edition 34,239 of the bulletin.

Such information mentioned some guidelines that were supposedly adopted for state employees amid the coronavirus emergency in the country.

Due to the security breach and subsequent high traffic, the Boletin Oficial website went offline for several hours.

The Boletin Oficial is a legally valid publication in its printed edition. Laws that have been ratified and signed by the government are published and made official through it:

"The digital edition of the Boletin Oficial acquires legal validity by virtue of Decree No. 207/2016."

Within the resolution, the Argentine government confirmed a measure adopted by the Ministry of Education regarding the management that educational institutions that have suspected or confirmed cases of coronavirus should give it.

The blockchain system used for the Official Gazette is part of the "Blockchain Federal Argentina" project, which is a distributed accounting technology that is used by both state agencies and private organizations.

By this means, non-modifiable information is shared through a network made up of its members, which are private and state entities.

As of press time, the resolution introduced by the security breach is still online on the Boletin Oficial website.

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Argentinean Govt Blockchain Hacked to Spread Fake News on Coronavirus - Cointelegraph

Air Cargo Industry Could Save $400M Per Year With Innovative Blockchain Tech – Cointelegraph

Sita, an air transport communications and information tech company, and ULD Care, a trade association, are exploring the possibility of using blockchain technology to save $400M a year in the air cargo industry, according to the March 12 announcement.

Blockchain technology allows air cargo companies to digitally track and record the change of custody for airline cargo containers, or Unit Load Devices (ULDs), as they journey between destinations. These companies aim to bring down industry costs, improve efficiency, drive fewer losses, and prevent damage to cargo.

The proposed blockchain platform will also embed authentication and trust-based functions to reduce the risk of tampering, cybercrime, trade-based money laundering, fraud, and illicit trade. Bob Rogers, vice president and treasurer of ULD Care, added that:

A container travelling from Shanghai to Long Beach could take up to 30 days to finish its journey, but the true travel time on sea or road is only around 15 days, with the remaining time spent on back-office and paperwork. The use of blockchain could revolutionize that process.

Currently, there are up to 12 custodian companies monitoring and tracking the cargo for any given shipments, according to the announcement. Most of these companies depend on paper documents. This makes the process complicated and causes frequent trust and transparency issues.

Blockchains, however, save time and cost, and can address many of the air cargo industrys pain points. Matthys Serfontein, president of Air Travel Solutions for Sita, said that:

We are looking at blockchain very closely and were excited to test the potential of the technology to transform the air cargo industry.

Mathys also pointed out that blockchains potential goes way beyond cargo, and could solve common airline challenges in general.

Cointelegraph reported previously that IBM Indonesia has joined TradeLenss blockchain-based shipping platform. A recent report also shows there are 25 leading pharmaceutical manufacturers, distributors, logistic partners, and other representatives of the pharma supply chain who are in favor of adopting blockchain technology to track and trace prescription drugs after completing a pilot program with the US Food and Drug Administration.

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Air Cargo Industry Could Save $400M Per Year With Innovative Blockchain Tech - Cointelegraph

Coronavirus: How AI, 3D printing and blockchain can help overcome supply problems in a crisis – The Conversation UK

What seemed like science fiction a few short weeks ago is now very real. Movies such as Outbreak, Contagion and Virus are looking more like documentaries every day. As we battle COVID-19, a major issue that will only increase is disruption to supply chains.

This disruption has been as devastating as it has been swift. There is unprecedented demand for some products (hand sanitiser has never been so popular), just as production of other products grinds to a halt due to lack of parts.

Our research concerns managing supply chains in a crisis and using technologies such as Artificial Intelligence , 3D Printing and blockchain. These technologies, which also seemed like science fiction just a short time ago, can help the world recover from one crisis and be better prepared for the next one.

There are a number of challenges these technologies can address. One of these is predicting how people respond to unprecedented events. Unexpected surges in demand for hand sanitisers, for example, have led to perfume factories in France switching to the production of hand gels for hospitals to increase supply.

Decision makers struggle to predict where and when the demand will come, as well as how much of it there will be. It is here where AI can help by identifying patterns and predicting what will happen next. It helps decision makers cope with information overload by capturing and aggregating data from a variety of sources. These techniques are helping to identify high-risk patients in Chicago, even when testing is limited.

Another challenge is maintaining supply, especially when supply chains are reliant on one source that is affected by unexpected disruption. Italys battle with the pandemic naturally means supplies of pasta are disrupted elsewhere. This is where 3D printing comes in. 3D printing involves making things layer by layer, directly from digital files. It allows things to be made where and when they are required, without the the expensive tools or moulds that mass production requires. While it might cost more to make a single product, 3D printing can make manufacturing faster and more responsive to changing demand even for pasta.

So if car factories, for example, take advantage of 3D printing then it suddenly becomes a lot more feasible for them quickly switch to making ventilators for hospitals, as is being suggested by the UK government.

However, this assumes they can access reliable designs and parts lists for these specialised and highly technical products. To this end, efforts are underway to create open-source ventilators. Safety testing and certification will be vital or these well-intentioned efforts may do more harm than good.

Fake products and medical equipment have already been an issue during this crisis. So being able to track where things are and where they came from to ensure they are genuine is vital. Blockchain can help because it provides an open, distributed record of transactions. Everyone who needs to be able to see the record is able to but no one is able to either modify or delete it.

It ensures that transactions are transparent and traceable, turning a supply chain into a digital chain of permanently visible blocks. This helps to maintain trust between all relevant parties. For example, in China it is being used to trace and confirm the source of public announcements, helping to eliminate fake information.

Additionally, blockchain enables smart contracts, which automatically transfer funds when specified conditions are met. Brooklyn Microgrid uses smart contracts to allow homes with solar panels to sell energy to their neighbours (every unit is automatically counted and paid for).

Blockchain also helps to minimise price inflation, ensures the right equipment gets to the right people and helps distribute the costs fairly and transparently. This may be vital when privately owned factories make goods for public services and should be reimbursed from taxpayers money.

Individually, each of these technologies can have an important role in managing supply chain disruption. The greatest value, however, comes when they are combined. This requires investment in skills as well as infrastructure. Private investment from a range of companies is driving development, but coordinated government strategies, from Industrie 4.0 in Germany to Made in China 2025 can help by guiding investments, supporting technology adoption and overcoming a skills shortage.

Managing a crisis involves three sets of decisions around preparing, responding and recovering. As the coronavirus pandemic evolves, the focus is now firmly on response. But the recovery may be even more challenging. The unprecedented scale of the impact looks certain to change lives, whether it is how we interact or even having jobs to go back to after self-isolation.

Panic buying of protective masks and hygiene products is symptomatic of a lack of trust in institutions and their ability to keep us safe. Yet just as science fiction movies see humans pulling together to save the world, the response to this pandemic has seen institutions collaborating to share resources from hotel rooms to production lines.

Investing in AI, 3D printing and blockchain can help businesses be more responsive to changes in supply and demand and make their supply chains more resilient. By using these technologies in collaboration, we should also be better prepared to predict, respond to and recover from the next crisis that threatens the world.

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Coronavirus: How AI, 3D printing and blockchain can help overcome supply problems in a crisis - The Conversation UK

The Winkelvoss Twins, Bitcoin Billionaires and Foes of Facebook, Are Launching a New Blockchain Art Marketplace – artnet News

Tyler and Cameron Winklevoss, the identical twins and crypto-entrepreneurs who once alleged that Mark Zuckerberg stole the idea for Facebook from them, have launched a new online marketplace to sell limited-edition digital art.

The rebranding of the website Nifty Gatewaya startup that the twins cryptocurrency company Gemini Trust Co. acquired last year, marking their first-ever acquisitionallows artists and collectors to buy, sell, and track ownership of digital art through blockchain technology.

The relaunched Nifty Gateway will enable artists to issue limited-edition works and, if you believe the sites pitch, take better control of the market for their work.Duncan and Griffin Cock Foster, who founded Nifty Gatewayand who, we kid you not, are also identical twinscompare the sites goods to digital Air Jordans.

If I own a pair of shoes and Nike shuts down, I dont expect that my shoes would just disappear, Duncan Cock Foster told the Intelligencer in a profile earlier this month. We expect our items to behave a certain way, and past digital items have not.

Until recently, the best-known objects sold on Nifty Gatewaygrouped under the umbrella term Niftieswere digital breeding cats from the popular novelty CryptoKitties. But the relaunched site encompasses a wide range of digital artwork. (New exhibitions, or groups of work, are released every third Thursday.)

Michael Kagan, an artist perhaps best known for his collaboration with Pharrell Williamss Billionaire Boys Club clothing company, has contributed a quintet of space-themed digital paintings that range in price from $3,000 to $5,000. Lyle Owerko, whose image of the Twin Towers exploding famously graced the cover of TIMEs 9/11 issue, is selling different-colored graphics of boomboxes. A brass-colored boombox goes for $20, while the gold one goes for $2,500.

I havent done anything like this before, which is all the more reason to do this now, Owerko told Bloomberg about the opportunity.

Of course, Nifty Gateway isnt the first enterprise to try to tap into the market for digital artbut it is perhaps the best capitalized. Upstart companies with names like R.A.R.E, DADA, Snark, and ARTBLX have previously branded themselves as the go-to marketplaces for digital art, though none have made a splash beyond the niche world of crypto-investing. (After its launch, ARTBLX later pivoted its business model to selling fractional-ownership shares in investment-grade artworks.)

The Winklevoss twins predict, loftily, that the market for Nifties could become as large as those for art, collectibles, and gaming digital items combined. One hopes that the venture has a better outcome than their last art-related investment. In 2014, the twins announced with fanfare that they had invested in the online auction house Paddle8. Yesterday, Paddle8 filed for bankruptcy.

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The Winkelvoss Twins, Bitcoin Billionaires and Foes of Facebook, Are Launching a New Blockchain Art Marketplace - artnet News

Change Healthcare’s claims blockchain receives award from Frost & Sullivan – Ledger Insights

Yesterday, research and consulting firm Frost & Sullivan awardedChange Healthcarethe 2019 North American Enabling Technology Leadership Award for its blockchain-based healthcare billing and claims solution. Change Healthcare serves as a clearinghouse for insurance claims servicing both healthcare providers and insurers.

Nashville-based Change Healthcare launched the blockchain-powered Intelligent Healthcare Network for claims processing and reducing administrative costs. It connects all stakeholders, such as healthcare providers and insurers on a single platform for better communication and data exchange for claims management.

In 2018, it (Change) commercially deployed the first enterprise-scale blockchain network for healthcare. The network, designed to improve claims lifecycle management, exhibits industry-leading transparency, process integrity, and efficiency for better auditability and traceability around the claims management process, said Kamaljit Behera, Frost & Sullivan Industry Analyst.

The companys core systems process 14 billion healthcare transactions every year and more than a trillion in value.

In mid-2016 the company was formed from the merger of the original Blackstone-owned Change Healthcare and McKessons IT activities. Last year the company had an IPO and McKesson has now divested its 70% stake.

The blockchain solution aims to expedite the medical billing process through better communication and real-time exchange of data, cutting down costs for insurers and providers. Traditionally, it takes about 7 to 14 days to check insurance eligibility, which can be reduced to a few minutes using blockchain. Payments are expedited with faster claims processing, allowing healthcare providers to collect payments at the point of care.

The companys (Change) move to further integrate blockchain with RCM (revenue cycle management), clinical data exchange, and patient and caregiver engagement use-cases can enhance market adoption and endow it with a unique competitive advantage, added Behera.

Changes solution is built on Hyperledger Fabric and is capable of processing 50 million transactions per day, with up to 550 transactions per second.

We lastspoke to Change Healthcarea year ago, when it could process up to 30 million transactions a day. At that stage, the network was running in parallel to the core system, logging transactions. The firm was planning to onboard outside service providers, and to enable this, it has now migrated the network from internal systems to the AWS cloud.

Last year, Change acquiredPokitDoksassets, including software and IP, to integrate the latters solutions with its own platform. PokitDok describes itself as an API platform built to streamline healthcare transactions & power the business of health.

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Change Healthcare's claims blockchain receives award from Frost & Sullivan - Ledger Insights

David Katz, the Plastic Bank and battling poverty with blockchain – The Drum

David Katz likes to talk in parables. Its a useful habit, since the organization he leads aims for little less than miracle-making at scale. Lets say you were to walk over a field of diamonds, he begins. Youre struck by the wealth in them, all these beautiful diamonds glimmering in the sun. You want to pick them up, but realize theres no bank you can deposit them in. Theres no store to spend them with and no one would barter for them. Would you pick them up? Probably not.

The diamonds Katz mentions are one of the least valuable commodities on the planet plastic waste. Katz is the co-founder of the Plastic Bank, a Vancouver-based social enterprise that aims to help those in the developing world convert plastic waste into cash and goods, providing an additional source of income for those in the poorer parts of the world while preventing more plastic from entering the worlds oceans.

Its plastic as money, he explains. Were a chain of bank branches. When you deposit plastic garbage by mass, you can withdraw cash or use a digital wallet to pay for the things you and your children need, like dental care, education, books, nutrition, cooking fuel, cell phone minutes Everything you need and couldnt previously afford can now be bought using the garbage beneath your feet.

Katz claims the companys system means the worlds poor can be incentivized to recycle, so that every single home especially in the developing world looks at packaging as a secondary income. Then, its never burned or put into the river or dumped in the streets to begin with. Meanwhile, the blockchain technology underpinning its digital wallets provides an authentic platform for the value of plastic to be revealed, so theres no opportunities for that value to be degraded by middlemen and mafia.

Once the Plastic Banks customers have deposited a load of plastic at their local branch, the company sells it to manufacturers across the world as social plastic, to be recycled into new products. The company is already working with chemicals-maker Henkel AG, CPG conglomerate SC Johnson and retailer Marks & Spencer. Katz says the banks B2B side makes it simple for brands to contribute to the repair of the Earth.

After seven years in business, the bank has helped collect over 8,000 tonnes of plastic waste, which is the equivalent to about 400m plastic bottles, or about a billion coffee cup lids, or 500bn plastic straws. Its now active across the globe, from Indonesia to Egypt to Brazil to the Philippines territories home to stark economic inequality, but also responsible for a disproportionate amount of the worlds plastic waste according to a 2015 report by McKinsey.

Katz tells us that the original inspiration for the Plastic Bank came from his childhood on the western coast of Canada, where hed walk along the beach to school collecting debris brought in by the tide. Over the course of time I discovered that what we called beachcombing was just other peoples garbage showing up.

Later, scuba diving led to a renewed appreciation for the beauty of the oceans. You truly understand the magnetic existence of the ocean when you are in her. To truly understand how powerful and how significant the ocean is, you need to venture into her depths.

Despite the idealism that informs the work behind the bank, Katz also holds respect for plastic itself. Plastic is remarkable. But it has to be stewarded appropriately. We have to get away from single use, from mixed materials in bottles, and we have to make it powerful for people to recycle the material.

Unusually for the co-founder of a company in the thick of the environmental space, Katz readily criticizes the thinness of sustainability. Instead, he argues that brands have business and moral imperatives not only to ameliorate environmental damage but to actively work to reverse it.

We know that brands that stand for the repair of the Earth compared to those standing for more degradation will win. Were entering the regeneration economy.

He predicts that brands will soon be judged on their dedication to environmental repair and notes how unforgiving the court of public opinion can be. Its either going to be Coca-Cola saying it is cleaning the world of Pepsis mess or Pepsi saying it is cleaning the world of Coca-Colas mess. Someone will have that story.

This new generation, Generation Z or as we could call it, the Greta generation went through the Great Recession. They have emerged into adulthood amid insecurity, expecting to see hyperinflation, mass protest and shortages. And theyve been met with ocean acidification, climate change and marine debris. Theyve been living under the products of degeneration, of taking for the self before giving for others. The companies that will win that generation over are the companies that stand for the Earths repair and the benefit of all, not just the rich few.

The Plastic Banks plan to monetize recycling and turn waste products into a proxy currency is the kind of imaginative scheme made for the regeneration economy. Were beyond a tipping point, Katz declares. Theres about 9bn tonnes of plastic on the Earth and all the plastic weve ever made is pretty much still here. If we do something that removes all economic value in the material, itll all make its way into the environment.

This is the very moment that society needs to increase the price of recycled content. This is the very moment that we have to turn it into money for the world. And thats precisely what we do.

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David Katz, the Plastic Bank and battling poverty with blockchain - The Drum

Chinese Journalist Uses Ethereum Blockchain To Bypass Censorship Amid Coronavirus Pandemic Crypto.IQ | Bitcoin and Investment News from Inside…

March 18, 2020 / by Crypto.IQ

Sarah Zheng, a journalist from the South China Morning Post, has used the Ethereum (ETH) blockchain to bypass government censorship amid the Coronavirus pandemic.

Specifically, Zhang published an interview with Dr. Ai on the Ethereum (ETH) blockchain. The interview had been so heavily censored that it cannot be found on social media or on any Chinese news websites, but it is now stored on the Ethereum (ETH) blockchain immutably forever.

In the interview, Dr. Ai warned that a patient had been infected with the Coronavirus. This was on December 30, well before the world learned about the Coronavirus epidemic in China. Apparently the Chinese government did everything they could to silence Dr. Ai and get rid of the interview to save face.

Aside from storing the interview on the Ethereum (ETH) blockchain, it has also been stored in a QR code, although this is a less immutable way of storing the interview since it could be deleted.

In the coming weeks and months, amid the worldwide frenzy due to the Coronavirus, the blockchain may be the only way to truly guarantee the preservation of controversial information in totalitarian countries.

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Chinese Journalist Uses Ethereum Blockchain To Bypass Censorship Amid Coronavirus Pandemic Crypto.IQ | Bitcoin and Investment News from Inside...

The promise of blockchain and its impact on higher education | – University Business

Primavera De Filippi, an internationally recognized authority on the challenges and opportunities of blockchains and other decentralized online technologies, will deliver the UB Tech 2020 keynote address

Decentralized technologies such as blockchain raise a number of legal challenges. And studying those challenges and related solutions is where Primavera De Filippis passions lie. She co-authored the book Blockchain and the Law (Harvard University Press, 2018), and is investigating new opportunities for these technologies to enable new governance models and participatory decision-making through the concept of governance-by-design.

A permanent researcher at the National Center of Scientific Research in Paris and a faculty associate at the Berkman Klein Center for Internet & Society at Harvard University, De Filippi is a member of the Global Future Council on Blockchain Technologies at the World Economic Forum as well as co-founder of the Internet Governance Forums dynamic coalitions on blockchain technology.

Follow her on Twitter inadvance of her talk at UB Tech 2020, which will kick off the conference on June 15. Below, De Filippi shares her perspective with UB.

UB: Your book makes the case that new rules and approaches to legal thinking are needed for this technology to be harnessed productively. Has any movement on this front happened since its 2018 publication, and whats the best way for CIOs and other tech-focused leaders to stay up to date on changes that impact blockchain and their own institutions?

Primavera De Filippi: The blockchain ecosystem has changed significantly since 2018. While the technology was initially seen as a tool for disintermediation that would potentially displace existing institutions, today it is increasingly regarded as an opportunity for both public and private institutions to transition towards a new era characterized by greater transparency and accountability. Blockchain technology is increasingly perceived as a regulatory technology that can contribute to achieving specific policy and regulatory objectives through a series of technological guarantees that can increase confidence and restore trust in institutions.

Tech leaders and innovators should thus start looking at the disruptive potential of blockchain technology not only as a potential threat but alsoor ratheras a competitive advantage that could help them turn their own organizations into more trustworthy endeavors.

UB: Higher ed administrators have generally talked about adopting blockchain first in the student transcripts and credentials space, and while its probably safe to say that its on my institutions radar at this point, adoption is still slow. Why do you think that is?

De Filippi: Upgrading the information system of an existing organization is difficult and slow, especially when there are no direct commercial interests in doing so. Think of Open Data; while most people would agree that public institutions should publicly release their datasetsand some governments even require it by law (e.g. Public Sector Information in Europe)the implementation is very slow because Open Data requires these institutions to ensure that their datasets are sufficiently clean, clear and well-formatted to be publicly exploitable.

The same is true with the use of blockchain technology. While most institutions recognize the value that issued transcripts and verified credentials would bring to students and professionals in the higher education sector, the adoption of blockchain-based solutions often requires a significant upgrade of the underlying information system, which might be difficult to achieve in certain institutions.

UB: At Harvard and elsewhere, what areas are higher ed leaders most excited about in terms of using blockchain technology?

De Filippi: MIT Medialabhas pioneered a system of digital credentials registered on the bitcoin blockchain, in a cryptographically secure and tamper-proof manner. These credentials can represent or recognize different types of achievements, enabling students to collect credits for the various classes they take, as well as for external activities that contribute to their academic career. The European Blockchain Partnership is also working on developing standardized solutions of blockchain-based credentials in order to facilitate student mobility across academic institutions in Europe.

UB: What message do you want campus CIOs and other campus technology administrators to take from your UB Tech keynote address?

De Filippi: The main message I want to convey is that blockchain technology is providing new opportunities to create more transparency and accountability in the field of academic credentials, but also more flexibility and interoperability. A system of blockchain-based academic credentials would not only enable the emergence of a more trustworthy ecosystem but also support the transition towards a more interconnected and interoperable model of academic credentials, enabling students to prove their knowledge and skills by aggregating credentials from multiple sources (traditional university or other actors).

Ultimately, in the longer term, this could lead to a more dynamic model of education that is less centralized around one or few institutions providing a pre-defined diploma but rather would allow for more fragmented curricula to be re-aggregated into ad-hoc diplomas.

Melissa Ezarik is senior managing editor of UB.

Interested in technology? Keep up with the UB Tech conference.

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Blockchain Basics: It’s more than a tech buzzword, but how does it actually work? – Startland News

Editors note: The opinions expressed in this commentary are the authors alone. Kenyon Briggs is an attorney at Husch Blackwell in Kansas City. This op-ed is part of a limited series on blockchain sponsored by Husch Blackwell.

What is blockchain technology?

Technically precise definitions found on Google define it as a distributed, decentralized, public ledger. But, what does that mean?

In its most basic and general form, simply think of blockchain technology as a new method of securely storing and processing data. At its core, blockchain technology is simply a new ledger technology that can store information.

Kenyon Briggs, Husch Blackwell

Ledgers have been used throughout history to track and organize information. Think back to the years when hotels used guest ledgers to track overnight stays. Accountants used to track all of a companys bookkeeping entries in physical books.

Speed forward a few years and ledger software like Microsoft Excel, Google Sheets, and QuickBooks, allows companies across the globe to easily organize and share vast amounts of information. Blockchain is simply a new ledger technology that can organize and store information, but in a much more secure way.

Blockchains ability to organize and store vast quantities of information has the potential to solve real world problems.For example, prescription drug recalls are often imprecise, and it is difficult to spot exactly where in the manufacturing and distribution chain something went wrong.

In response to this problem, IBM, the Food and Drug Administration, KPMG, Merck, and Walmart announced a collaboration to use blockchain technology to better track each drug along the manufacturing and distribution chain. The collaboration hopes to save lives and reduce waste by being able to more accurately recall defective prescription drugs.

With that understanding in mind, it is important to explain how blockchain technology works at a high level (interested readers can dive deeperhere). Blockchain technology gets its name from the chain of information stored in blocks all strung together.

Lets say you want to add and store new information on a blockchain. Before new information can be added to the chain of information (i.e., the blockchain), that information is often validated by members of the blockchain, which is also referred to as obtaining a consensus.

These members are referred to as nodes, wherein a node is a distinct computer that stores a copy of the blockchain. For most public blockchains, nodes are extremely powerful computers. In addition, larger blockchain networks may comprise tens-of-thousands of nodes spread out across the globe.

After the information to be added to the blockchain is validated, that information is packaged into an encrypted block, timestamped, and published onto the end of the blockchain with its own unique, encrypted serial number (called a hash function). Every time a new block is added to the end of the blockchain, all of the previous blocks serial numbers are embedded into the code of the new block. This is referred to as chaining blocks together.

The superior security that blockchain enthusiasts tout comes from the combination of chaining blocks together in a time-stamped manner and the decentralized nature of the system as the data is stored on multiple nodes across the network. Decentralized just means that a copy of the blockchain is stored in multiple locations and not on one centralized computer server.

The architecture of a blockchain ledger system would require a potential hacker to hack each node and change each nodes individual copy of the blockchain rather than simply hack into one server and modify the centralized copy.

In summary, blockchain technology is a new type of ledger for electronically storing data that bears resemblance to other ledger software and organizes similar types of information.

Without diving much deeper into the technical side, the key difference between blockchain technology and other types of ledger software lies in themethodby which information is added to the ledger and how entries of the ledger are chained together in a time-fixed relationship. A majority of nodes/computers on the blockchain network must validate, encrypt, and chain all of the information together, which results in an incredibly secure set of information that all parties with access can trust to be accurate.

Trust can then be put in the method and authenticity of the data in the ledger due to the inherent architecture and validation mechanisms of a blockchain, rather than placing trust in individuals to enter the information correctly.

Kenyon Briggsis an attorney in Husch Blackwell LLPs Kansas City office.

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Blockchain Basics: It's more than a tech buzzword, but how does it actually work? - Startland News

Calling all readers: Health care workers, whats it like handling coronavirus cases? – cleveland.com

CLEVELAND, Ohio In a few short months, the novel coronavirus has swept across the world and landed at Northeast Ohios front door.

Now, Ohio has 50 confirmed cases, and local hospitals are testing hundreds of patients per day. The state is effectively shutting down: schools, universities, restaurants, bars and theaters are closing; employees who can are being told to work remotely; and any sizable gatherings are banned. Health officials tout social isolation as a way to stop the spread of the disease and prevent our health care system from getting overwhelmed.

As everyone from teachers to accountants to servers retreats to their homes, health care professionals head in the opposite direction: to confront COVID-19, the disease caused by the coronavirus, head on.

Health care providers, what is it like on the front lines? Are your workplaces prepared? Do you feel safe? Have you been given instructions on how to care for people who may be infected with the virus? Do you have personal protective equipment?

I want to write about what its like for you to go to work every day as this pandemic rages on. Share your concerns and experiences with me.

Feel free to contact me directly. I can be reached on Twitter and Facebook, by email or by phone at 216-870-0280.

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Calling all readers: Health care workers, whats it like handling coronavirus cases? - cleveland.com

University of Iowa Health Care reduces ‘non-urgent’ surgeries, certain clinics – The Gazette

IOWA CITY The day after state officials reported evidence of community spread of COVID-19 in Iowa, the University of Iowa Health Care implemented new adjustments to clinical services that include reducing the number of surgical cases and suspending certain clinics.

In an email to faculty and staff on Monday, UI Health Care officials said the Iowa City-based health system would adjust clinical services, effective immediately, through at least April 3. That follows a mutually agreed-upon decision among UI Health Care leaders and clinical department chairs and administrators.

Given this and other external factors, we must move forward on activating the clinical contingency plans as we face potential challenges with staffing and in conservation efforts of our medical supplies such as personal protective equipment, said an email from University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics Chief Executive Officer Suresh Gunasekaran and Dr. Doug Van Daele, executive director of the University of Iowa Physicians.

Starting Monday, the number of surgical cases in the operating rooms will be reduced.

According to the email, critical and emergency surgeries will take priority, but elective and non-urgent surgeries will be postponed.

In addition, UIHC has suspended a number of other clinics including its outreach clinics, the Wendell Johnson Speech and Hearing Center and its cardiac and pulmonary clinics for the next three weeks.

According to the systemwide email, the cardiac and pulmonary clinics temporarily have been halted due to the risk the clinics patients have to an infection such as COVID-19, the novel coronavirus that has infected more than 20 Iowans so far.

The College of Dentistry also is closing all faculty, student and resident clinics until April 3. Dental emergencies will be handed by the college, but all elective patient care including outreach clinics and activities during the three week period will cease, according to the universitys website.

Patients will be notified of appointment changes, according to the email.

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Other hospitals in the Iowa City and Cedar Rapids area are not following suit at this time, but officials at all facilities noted that could change quickly.

In Cedar Rapids, UnityPoint Health-St. Lukes has developed mitigation plans that include trigger points when the hospital will need to limit elective surgeries and other services. But as of Monday afternoon, as no cases of community spread in Linn County have been reported, St. Lukes is not activating these plans, spokeswoman Sarah Corizzo said.

Mercy Medical Center in Cedar Rapids also has not canceled elective surgeries or curtailed medical services, but spokeswoman Karen Vander Sanden noted that could change as the situation evolves.

Mercy Iowa City is not taking similar measures at this time, spokeswoman Margaret Reese said in an email Monday.

Comments: (319) 368-8536; michaela.ramm@thegazette.com

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University of Iowa Health Care reduces 'non-urgent' surgeries, certain clinics - The Gazette

Rosendale on Health Care Options: "Don’t Go Uncovered" – Newstalkkgvo

As the novel coronavirus continues to spread in Montana, State Auditor Matt Rosendale reminds everyone to ensure that they are covered by health care plans. Rosendale spoke to KGVO News about the options that are currently available to uninsured or underinsured Montanans.

Open enrollment for Affordable Care Act (ACA) health insurance through the federal website ran from November 1 to December 15 and is now closed. However, there are health care options that are currently open for enrollment.

There are several options that we want to make sure folks are aware of, Rosendale told KGVO. Thats direct primary care membership, short-term limited duration health insurance, and also the special enrollment period for ACA.

Rosendale says that direct primary care memberships are an affordable option for those seeking basic treatment and routine testing. Direct primary care memberships are not insurance plans; they are instead arrangements between patients and their doctors. They are open to anyone and usually offer an online application.

Short-term limited duration plans are for those seeking temporary health care plans and are open for enrollment year-round.

Several major companies offering short-term plans in Montana have already announced that they will waive deductibles, co-pays, co-insurance, and prior authorization requirements for COVID-19 testing, Rosendale stated. The company notices can be found on my website. Consumers are advised that not all short-term plans may cover testing for COVID-19.

The special ACA enrollment period is open for those who have recently experienced a significant life event, including losing health insurance, getting married, moving, or having a baby.

Rosendale reminds those seeking health care plans to consult with their insurance agent and to be aware of the fine print before purchasing a health care plan.

The most important thing is, dont go uncovered, Rosendale said.

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Rosendale on Health Care Options: "Don't Go Uncovered" - Newstalkkgvo

Lets Not Ration Health Care – The New York Times

To the Editor:

Re Doctors May Face Impossible Decisions, by Ezekiel J. Emanuel, James Phillips and Govind Persad (Op-Ed, March 16):

Even in a crisis, self-designated experts are trying to marginalize people with disabilities and seniors. Instead, lets develop policies that flatten the curve and prepare to treat all those who may find themselves vulnerable to Covid-19.

People susceptible to infection have preached good hygiene and social distancing when sick long before this crisis. Now the world finally gets it. The response? Lets ration care to the most vulnerable and at-risk patients.

I did not fight for the Americans With Disabilities Act to let this country count people with disabilities as having less value than others. Those with underlying conditions should not allow self-appointed experts to instill fear.

If addressed appropriately, this crisis should lead to long-term policies that support people with pre-existing conditions and enhance our health care infrastructure to manage a crisis.

Tony CoelhoDoylestown, Pa.The writer is a former member of the House of Representatives from California.

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Lets Not Ration Health Care - The New York Times

Spiritual Health Care: Social Distancing Without Social Isolation – Sojourners

Editor's Note: Sojourners is committed to keeping you up to date with the resources, factual information, and spiritual sustenance you need to weather this health crisis. Even as our operations have moved virtual, we are increasing our work to offer news, commentary, practical advice, and theological reflections to our community. Stay updated at sojo.net, and please consider supporting this work.

Things are changing so fast. Its enough to make us dizzy and scare our hearts. And Im writing to remind you to be gentle with yourself and generous with others were in this together.

When I wrote my first column on the coronavirus, just 12 days ago, I urged folks to stay home if they felt sick and to consult their doctors. Today, I write in the context of the president of the United States, in consultation with the country's top public health experts, asking every American to avoid gatherings of more than 10 people, to avoid resturants and bars, and for students and parents to work from home if at all possible. It very much feels like the country is on lockdown. What is now recommended could become mandated in order to save countless lives, and the economic consequences for families, and especially the most vulnerable people, are now incalculable.

As a result, all of us are living into new daily rhythms. While that alone is disorienting, we are already moving from a life of daily inconvenience to one of fear. Institutions from sports to conferences to schools have transformed overnight. Many of our children both school-age and young adults are now home with us, which requires its own adjustments. And many, many people are finding themselves abruptly and unceremoniously out of work, with uncertain prospects for future paychecks as social distancing measures continue for an unknown length of time.

Amid this, we must not let fear become a way of life. We remember the words of Jesus:Love can cast out fear. Leaning into love and learning what it really means to love our neighbors in this crisis will be crucial to our collective health and survival.

I, like so many of you, think of how this has affected and will continue to affect my children. Luke, who has been playing baseball since he was five and is as a senior in college, was getting ready to play what could very well be his final season of organized baseball. In the face of the pandemic, his baseball career is suddenly over. And my younger son, Jack, also just had his high-school baseball season canceled. At least they are now home together, assuch lossesare indeed life altering. While this was devastating for the boys,as Joy and I were with Luke in Florida last week for his spring training, I got to watch as the teamdrew even closer together both intheir shared loss but also in greater solidarity and love for one another. The crisis bound them as a team, even as they were learning that they cannot continue to physically play together. This gave me perspective as I tried to deal with all the changing events of the week. So, as I write this reflection, I wonder how we can learn to stand apart for our physical health but stay together for our mental, emotional, and spiritual health. How do we stay connected and even get closer?

Our physical health rightly requires social distancing in a pandemic, but maintaining ourspiritual health means we cant let that lead to social isolation. We need physical distance but not human isolation, especially for the most vulnerable. Public health now requires social separation to prevent the community spread of the coronavirus, but personal and communal health means increasing and not decreasing social solidarity. Even living more alone, we must find new ways to be together, as community building is essential for communal health and the common good. Turning from physical contact with others must not cause us to turn away from each other, but rather turning to each other in better, deeper, and healthier ways.

So how do we build community that doesnt depend upon physical proximity? How do we keep together while keeping apart? The answers must stem from active, creative, and innovated faith that leads to action. Our response to the coronavirus pandemic must be both effectively practical and deeply theological at the same time. And it is the vocation of the faith community to help us do that.

Sojourners has turned our attention to this crisis so that our platform can be a place where we learn how to answer these questions together. We are telling stories and offering examples of how churches can be a community even as they cant commune. We are sharing how congregations continue to serve the vulnerable in their communities even as they suspend weekend services. We are investing in ways to increase our resources that inspire and sustain each other while deepening our sense of community. We will share practical and creative ways to connect with and serve the elderly, who are most at risk for this virus, even if we cant visit them in person. We will find and share the plans of local programs that successfully and safely feed people, especially children who will lose meals as schools close. Sojourners is a place where you can find the stories and connections to help you do all the above.

We also will continue our advocacy, demanding that federal, state, and local governments take responsibility to serve the common good by caring for people in need. We are following all the critical legislative votes closely and carefully, selecting and suggesting where your contacts with elected officials can do the most good and we will call on you to act!

Families must be fed: We must extend SNAP benefits nutrition aid to those who need help as they lose income and food security. Low-income people who have lost their jobs must be sustained, so we must extend unemployment benefits. We must ensure sick leave is available to all to prevent people who are infected from having to work. We must ensure caregivers for children or older parents can access family leave time. Ultimately, an economic stimulus will be necessary to restore an economy broken by a pandemic not one aimed at those at the top of the economic order, but those who need help the most. I promise that Sojourners will focus on the most critical legislative decisions and call for your action when it is most needed. Stay connected to our advocacy strategy and ready to act when most necessary.

Stay with us and learn how we can get through this together. Even in small groups and family circles, we will become an even stronger Sojourners community.

Fortunately, we aren't starting from scratch: In the last couple of weeks, we've covered many different aspects of life, faith, and social justice in a time of coronavirus. We have focused not just on how to think about what's going on but more importantly what to do in this fearful time. Some of the things we've already covered include how to continue having church when you can't gather together in person, how to anticipate and respond to the specific mental health needs and challenges of social distancing, why social distancing is so important with respect to worship, and much more. We have a number of additional pieces on the way to provide you with the resources, factual information, and spiritual sustenance to you need to weather this health crisis, and we'll continue to be a key place for that until this crisis has passed.

One of the most important reflections I can leave you with is this: Loving your neighbor has never been more important than it is right now, even if we have to find new and creative ways to do so. We are in this together.

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Spiritual Health Care: Social Distancing Without Social Isolation - Sojourners

COVID-19: London cases expected to grow after health-care worker one of two new cases – The London Free Press

London-area cases of COVID-19 are expected to grow after a health-care worker at University Hospital was among two new cases Tuesday, public health officials say.

Middlesex-London Health Unit officials say they are following up with patients and staff at University Hospital who were seen by, or worked closely with the unnamed staff member, who went to work while showing symptoms.

The woman in her 20s recently had travelled to Las Vegas, the health unit said Tuesday. She is self-isolating in her home.

The other new London-area case is an assistant Crown attorney in her 40s who recently travelled to Sint Maarten. She was assessed at London Health Sciences Centre and also is in self-isolation in her home.

What the public should take from this is were going to see the number of cases in our region grow, said associate medical officer of health Alex Summers. The people with whom the infected women have come into contact have been notified, he said.

An internal memo sent to London courthouse staff early Tuesday said the building would be closed temporarily for a thorough cleaning after a worker tested positive for the virus.

The new cases bring the London and Middlesex County total to four and seven in the region since the global pandemic began.

We continue to hear from a number of people across the region who have concerns about COVID-19 and (we) are communicating with those who require follow-up and testing, said Summers.

At this time, the best thing to do is follow the standard public health advice that can help keep ourselves and our community healthy.

A police officer walks past vehicles carrying people waiting to be seen by health-care professionals at the drive-through coronavirus assessment centre at Londons Oakridge arena Tuesday. (Derek Ruttan/The London Free Press)

Both of the recent cases are in people who would have contracted the illness while travelling, Summers said in an interview.

They are not connected to any of the other cases in the region, Summers said, nor are they connected to each other.

The two new cases are the latest in Ontario, which has seen 185 reported cases of COVID-19, the respiratory illness caused by the novel coronavirus that originated in Wuhan, China, late last year. One Ontario resident has died.

The first London case was a Western University student in her 20s who returned to London from Wuhan in January. She has recovered.

On Saturday, public health officials in London announced a second case of the virus in a Strathroy health-care worker. That person remains in self-isolation.

In the wider region, one case has been reported in St. Marys and two in Grey-Bruce.

COVID-19 cases in Canada have surpassed 440 as cases worldwide top 184,000.

With files from Free Press reporter Dan Brown

Continued here:

COVID-19: London cases expected to grow after health-care worker one of two new cases - The London Free Press

Coronavirus In New Jersey: Health Care Providers Concerned About Supplies, Pace Of COVID-19 Testing – CBS Philly

MARLTON, N.J. (CBS) Health care providers in New Jersey are concerned about supplies and the pace of COVID-19 testing. Hospitals have a responsibility to help sick people and government officials have a responsibility to help health care systems.

To take a swab and take a test but not get results doesnt do anybody any good, New Jersey Congressman Donald Norcross said.

Norcross heard the concerns of health care providers Tuesday as he met with officials of Virtua Health.

Among their main concerns was the slow turnaround for getting COVID-19 test results. So far, theyve done more than 200 tests across their system and only received about 5% of the results.

Were still nowhere close to where we need to be to make sure that every person that needs a test can get one. Were ramping it up very quickly but were still not there, Norcross said.

Virtua says right now it takes a minimum of four days and sometimes more than a week to get coronavirus test results, which leads to the next problem personal protective equipment (PPE) for staff.

Treating every sick person as a possible COVID-19 case is causing hospitals to unnecessarily burn through PPEs.

That includes a gown, a mask, a face shield, gloves and as long was dont know that person has COVD-19 or not, we have to assume the patient does and so it makes us burn through a lot of the PPE, said Reg Blaber, chief clinical officer and vice president at Virtua Health.

And a shortage of protective equipment could lead to slower and possibly less effective care for sick people if there is a surge in COVID-19 cases.

We have a national strategic supply but the fact of the matter is, its not being distributed yet and we need to make sure that its there as this ramps up, Norcross said.

Norcross has also spoken with officials at senior living facilities, who are taking care of some of those most vulnerable to coronavirus.

Originally posted here:

Coronavirus In New Jersey: Health Care Providers Concerned About Supplies, Pace Of COVID-19 Testing - CBS Philly

Seattle-area health care systems begin drive-through coronavirus testing for patients – Seattle Times

As the need and desire for COVID-19 testing grows, area health care systems are opening drive-through testing sites to meet the demand.

From Lynnwood to Puyallup people are driving through makeshift testing locations and having nurses swab the inside of their noses.

To build capacity for COVID-19 screening, UW has added a drive-up appointment-only clinic at their Northwest Outpatient Medical Center open to UW Medicine patients, employees and first responders. (Ramon Dompor / The Seattle Times)

On Monday, UW Medicine began testing the publicfor COVID-19, the disease caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, at a drive-through testing location in Northgate, where 15 people were tested. The testing is being done in the parking lot of the University of Washington Medicines Northwest Outpatient Medical Center.

The location is designated only for UW Medicine patients who schedule an appointment after their doctor sends them for testing. The tests are being processed at a UW lab, and it is expected to be a least a couple of days before results are available.

On Tuesday morning, the first patient of the day rolled up to the site tucked just west of Interstate 5 in the parking lots southeast corner.

The man in a gold Chevrolet SUV halted at a makeshift stop sign and was greeted by a nurse wearing protective gear. He held his drivers license to the window, which he had cracked an inch.

The nurse had him pull forward alongside two white tents where three other nurses, all in protective gear, were waiting. The man rolled his window all the way down as a nurse swabbed the inside of his nose, then he pulled away. The entire process took no more than three minutes.

Additional drive-through sites for UW Medicine patients could be announced next week, said Dr. Thomas Hei, the medical director for UW Medicines outpatient clinics.

The nurses working the testing site can do about 50 patients a day with appointments staggered every 15 minutes, said Susan Gregg, a UW Medicine spokeswoman.

UW Medicine began testing employees, UW students, health care workers and first responders on March 6. The decision to broaden testing to those who use UW Medicine was due to high demand, Hei said as traffic rumbled by on I-5.

We are responding to the broad need for public testing, he said.

On March 11, Kaiser Permanente Washington set up drive-through testing sites at its medical centers in Lynnwood and Puyallup, and at its administrative campus in Renton. A couple of days later, another testing site opened at Kaisers Factoria location in Bellevue.By March 19, Kaiser will add locations in Capitol Hill, Olympia and Burien, which will replace the Renton site.

Kaisers testing is for patients in its system who are referred by their doctor, said Linnae Riesen, a Kaiser spokeswoman.

Since starting the testing last week, about 850 people have been tested. Their samples are being sent to labs certified by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and are generally taking about 48 hours for results to come back, Riesen said.

The people being sent to the drive-through at UW Medicine in Northgate are not the sickest and should still be able to drive and are encouraged to do so alone, Hei said.

The second scheduled appointment Tuesday was a woman who showed up wearing a mask in the back of a small, pink Mitsubishi, sitting next to an infant baby seat.

The nurses quickly swabbed her nose, and about two minutes later the car pulled away.

How is this outbreak affecting you, if at all?Are you changing your routine or going about your business as usual? Have you canceled or postponed any plans? What kinds of discussions are you having with family members and friends? Are you a healthcare worker who's on the front lines of the response? Whoever you are, we want to hear from you so our news coverage is as complete, accurate and useful as possible.If you're using a mobile device and can't see the form on this page, click here.

Do you have questions about the novel coronavirus?Ask your question in the form below and we'll dig for answers. If you're using a mobile device and can't see the form on this page, ask your question here.You can see questions we've already answered on this FAQ.If you have specific medical questions, please contact your doctor.

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Seattle-area health care systems begin drive-through coronavirus testing for patients - Seattle Times

Uber is delivering free meals to health-care workers and first responders amid coronavirus crisis – CNBC

An Uber banner on the New York Stock Exchange on the day of Uber's IPO, May 10, 2019.

Source: NYSE

Uberis giving away free meals to health-care workers and first responders who are helping combat the coronavirus pandemic, Nelson Chai, the company's chief financial officer, told CNBC on Monday.

"We're going to deliver over 300,000 meals for health officials and first responders who are on the front line," Chai said in a "Squawk Box" interview. "We're doing what we can."

The company's Uber Eats segment is also waiving delivery fees for small businesses in some of its markets.

"As more customers are choosing to stay indoors, we've waived the Delivery Fee for the more than 100,000 independent restaurants across US & Canada on Uber Eats," the company said."We will also launch daily dedicated, targeted marketing campaignsboth in-app and via emailto promote delivery from local restaurants, especially those that are new to the app."

The move comes as government officials in major cities such as New York and Los Angelesorder restaurants, bars and cafes to close to the public, limiting customers to pick up or delivery.

The free meals will help health-care workers and first responders in the United States and Canada, according to apress release.

"We know that the work of medical and crisis response teams can be tireless, and the hours long; we hope we can help in a small way,"Janelle Sallenave, head of Uber Eats, said in a statement.

There are at least 3,774 confirmed cases of coronavirus in the U.S. and at least 69 people have died as of Sunday, according to Johns Hopkins University.

Several companies have shut down or limited operations in an effort to slow the virus. Uber, joining many of its peers, has asked employees to work from home, if it is possible for them to do so.

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Uber is delivering free meals to health-care workers and first responders amid coronavirus crisis - CNBC

‘It’s almost a last-minute situation.’ Healthcare facilities frustrated by lack of supplies – KUOW News and Information

Healthcare facilities in Washington state continue to worry if theyll have enough masks and other equipment to protect their employees.

KUOWs Anna Boiko-Weyrauch joined Morning Edition host Angela King to talk about these concerns and whats being done to get more equipment.

RELATED: Several Seattle-area hospital workers infected with COVID-19

King: How low are supplies running for protective equipment?

Boiko-Weyrauch: It varies from place-to-place. Ive been reaching out to people in healthcare, hospitals and long-term care organizations. The biggest needs Im hearing come from the long-term care and assisted living facilities. Those are communities caring for older adults, and the outbreak has really hit those kinds of facilities hard.

I talked to Robin Dale, he leads the Washington Health Care Association, which represent long-term care and assisted living facilities. He told me his group is getting constant requests for supplies for personal protective equipment, also known as PPE. In particular masks especially N95 masks protective gowns and face shields. This equipment is to protect workers in long-term care and assisted living facilities.

Dale said that They have a COVID-19 patient in their facility and theyre asking for PPE so that they can protect their workers and other residents and its frustrating that theres such a short supply."

Boiko-Weyrauch: On top of that, getting more supplies is not straightforward.

King: How are requests for supplies being handled?

Boiko-Weyrauch: Well, they go through quite a few hands. I asked that question to Public Health Seattle & King County. They said that when a healthcare provider submits a request it passes through four or five different organizations before get to the feds. That includes different state and local health and emergency operations organizations.

Then the federal government takes a few days to approve the order and load up supplies on to a plane. Then the supplies go back to the Washington State Department of Health to inventory, store, and fulfill orders. The State Department of Health puts the equipment on trucks to specific locations. That can take several more days, according to Public Health Seattle & King County.

Nursing homes and assisted living facilities dont have big stockpiles of this gear like hospitals do to cushion them in between shipments. But Dale said so far the most urgent requests have been met.

According to Dale: Once we get through, or get people to understand the need, it has come relatively quickly, but sometimes its almost a last minute situation where theyre a day away of running out of PPE.

Boiko-Weyrauch: In other places, hospitals are rationing the supply of masks and are not getting the amount of supplies they requested. Theyre also now allowing healthcare workers to use plain surgical masks under some circumstances instead of the heavy-duty N95 masks.

Theyre also re-using masks. For example, using one N95 mask per day, sticking it a Ziploc or Tupperware in between patients, and then throwing it away at the end of the day.

King: Anna, whats being done to address these shortages?

Boiko-Weyrauch: In the past few weeks the state has received shipments of supplies from the national stockpile. So far two shipments with tens of thousands of gowns and gloves, and hundreds of thousands of masks. But the state says thats not enough.

Governor Jay Inslee has been asking the vice president to allocate more of the stockpile to Washington State because our need is so great. Members of congress from both sides of the aisle representing Washington are also pushing for more supplies.

This week they sent a letter urging the secretary of health and human services to fully respond to the states requests for equipment.

Also, a few departments at the state level are also looking for other sources of the equipment. We may get more information on that later on today.

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'It's almost a last-minute situation.' Healthcare facilities frustrated by lack of supplies - KUOW News and Information