Shapiro: Stop pretending pandemic politics are the new norm – Daily Herald

There are no libertarians in a global pandemic. So goes the smug punchline of large-government advocates who point to the necessity of collective action in the face of an unprecedented global crisis. Without government, they say, wed all be dead.

Few libertarians would disagree. The hardcore libertarians at Reason magazine arent spending their days fulminating over the evils of government-required lockdown orders in the face of a fast-spreading, deadly disease. Thats because they, like all other sentient human beings, recognize that collective action is sometimes necessary.

But heres the dirty little secret: Institutional failures during this pandemic are more indicative of what our politics should be during nonpandemic situations, not the blunt-force ability of the government to shut down the global economy and force us all to stay home. The question isnt whether government has power. Government is power. The question is how and when to apply that power. And what weve seen is that government sucks at everything, even the most basic things it is supposed to do well.

Democrats and the media like to pretend that governments failures in this process arent endemic to government control. They like to blame such failures on Republicans, and on President Donald Trump specifically. But thats just not the case. Human beings are fallible, stupid, gullible and self-interested. Human beings who have the power of government to back them are not less human for having that power. Their humanity just has direr consequences, which is why in nonemergency circumstances, checks and balances are absolutely necessary.

Take, for example, the early days of the pandemic. Democrats say Trump was slow to respond to the incipient threat. But so were Democrats. House Speaker Nancy Pelosi recently declared, As Trump fiddles, people are dying, but in late February, she was walking the streets of Chinatown, encouraging citizens to join her. New York Mayor Bill De Blasio has ripped Trump for his supposed downplaying of the virus, but De Blasio spent a month poo-pooing its threat. When confronted about that simple fact by CNNs Jake Tapper, De Blasio conveniently suggested they stop looking backward.

Why should we trust these people, exactly?

Or take the roots of Americas inability to provide the health care resources necessary to hospitals across the country. While state and local governments were frittering away billions of dollars on useless government spending, they did precisely nothing to prepare for exactly the sort of black swan events for which governments were presumably invented. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention spent a month failing to produce useful tests and prevented physicians in Seattle from performing proper testing, even after President Trump issued a travel ban on China. For years in advance, members of the federal government of both parties had been warned about the need for ventilators and masks. No one produced or stockpiled them. The Food and Drug Administrations red tape prevented the quick development of new measures to deal with the novel coronavirus.

Why should these people control our lives, when the threat of the red death isnt hovering on our doorstep?

The government is a giant, lumbering idiot. Sometimes we need a giant, lumbering idiot. Almost always, we do not. And those who have used this pandemic response one of the rare times we need a giant, lumbering idiot to intimidate people into preventing mass infection of one another, and to borrow the money necessary to redress the injuries thus incurred as a rationale for a government-run new politics should have their heads examined.

Ben Shapiro, 36, is a graduate of UCLA and Harvard Law School, host of The Ben Shapiro Show, and editor-in-chief of DailyWire.com. He is the author of the No. 1 New York Times bestseller The Right Side of History. He lives with his wife and two children in Los Angeles.

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Shapiro: Stop pretending pandemic politics are the new norm - Daily Herald

In a pandemic, Nobody thinks we should smoke more weed – The Boston Globe

You? she said, incredulous. Essential?

She started laughing and has been laughing pretty much ever since.

I think she has cabin fever, or maybe even a real fever.

Im no doctor, but I think the missus is a couple days shy of chasing me into the bathroom, chopping a hole in the door, then sticking her head through and shouting, Heres Johnny!

They say absence makes the heart grow fonder. But the opposite is true, too.

So I decided to go outside, sit in my car and call somebody.

And just who," my wife asked, "are you going to talk to?

Nobody, I replied, walking out the door.

Nobody lives in Keene, N.H., about 60 miles away from where were staying in Vermont. Last year, he legally changed his given name, Rich Paul, to, well, Nobody.

Nobody is part of the libertarian Free State movement. He thinks government is too big and pretty much useless, and believes people should smoke more weed, which, in the middle of a pandemic, sounds pretty reasonable to me.

Nobody didnt fare so well in the mayoral election last year.

I got about 2 percent of the vote, he said.

He saw the vote as tactical.

Clearly, he said, the good citizens of Keene would prefer I be governor.

So now hes challenging Governor Chris Sununu.

I talked to Nobody for an hour, and I must be crazy, because Im pretty sure he is and he made more sense than most people Ive talked to the last few weeks.

Nobody thinks Charlie Bakers decision to keep the liquor stores open while shutting down the recreational cannabis shops is logically and morally inconsistent, and even potentially dangerous, depriving people of a substance that reduces stress at a time of heightened anxiety.

I know alcoholics who stopped drinking because it was killing them and now they smoke weed, Nobody said. If you deprive them of marijuana, theyre going to start drinking again. Thats dumb.

Nobodys critics like to dismiss him by pointing out that he has a long criminal record.

He freely admits to his run-ins with the law, saying, I cant even count how many times Ive been arrested.

But he says most of his arrests were misdemeanors, and insists some others amounted to harassment, that law enforcements interest in him is based on a false belief that he supports potentially violent subversion. He says his most serious infraction was a setup.

I sold a pound of weed to a guy I used to buy ecstasy from, he said.

The guy was wearing a wire for the feds.

The most dangerous drug cartel in America is Big Pharma," said Nobody, "and the government is their muscle.

Hmm. I cant imagine why the government hates this guy.

Undaunted, Nobody has scheduled a rally at the state capital, on Aprils Fools Day, no less, challenging what he calls Sununus arbitrary ban on gatherings of 10 or more people. He is willing to take the risk of being arrested and even infected to make a point.

Im going to update my will to say dont give me a respirator if I get the virus, because I will have brought it on myself, he said. Frankly, if it werent for the governors order, I wouldnt go to Concord, Id just stay hunkered down in my house. Im more scared of the government than the virus.

Until April 1, hes sitting tight at his house in Keene, where the lights are on and Nobodys home.

Kevin Cullen is a Globe columnist. He can be reached at kevin.cullen@globe.com.

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In a pandemic, Nobody thinks we should smoke more weed - The Boston Globe

Here are the candidates – Walterboro Live

Candidate filing for the November 2020 state and local elections ended on March 30.

In local races, filing to run are:

For Sheriff:

Democratic candidates: Arthur Jordan, Harold Ray Lowery, Pinky Regalado, Otis Rhodes and Alyssa Bodison.

Republican candidates: Craig Stivender, Mark Cobb, Buddy Hill, Anthony Buchanan and Dolphus Pinckney.

For Clerk of Court:

Democratic candidates: Wanda Taylor and Debra Bright.

Republican candidate: Becky H. Hill.

For Coronor:

Democratic candidate: Miguel Koger.

Republican candidate: Richard Harvey.

For Colleton County Council:

District 23:

Democratic candidates are Phillip Taylor and Kevin Williams.

District 45:

Democratic candidate: Sabrina Johnson.

Republican candidates: William Smyly, Joe Flowers and Jeff Ament.

State Races

Democratic presidential nominations are on hold for the present, but statewide, the following candidates have filed to run in the November election.

For United States Senate:

Democratic Party candidate: Jaime Harrison.

Republican candidates: Lindsey Graham, Dwayne Buckner, Joe Reynolds and Michael LaPierre.

Constitution candidate: Bill Bledsoe.

Libertarian candidates: Keenan Wallace Dunham and David Weikle.

For United States House of Representatives:

District 1: Democratic candidate: Joe Cunningham.

Republican candidates: Nancy Mace, Kathy Landing, Chris Cox and Brad Mole.

District 6: Democratic candidate: Jim Clyburn.

Republican candidate: John McCollum.

Constitution candidate: Mark Hackett.

For South Carolina State Senate:

District 39: Democratic candidates: Vernon Stephens, William R. Johnson, Cindy Evans and Jerry Montgomery.

Republican candidate: Tom Conner.

District 40: Democratic candidates: Brad Hutto and Michael Addison.

District 43: Democratic candidate: Richard Hricik.

Republican candidate: Chip Campsen.

District 45: Democratic candidate: Margie Bright Matthews.

Republican candidate: Rodney Buncum.

For South Carolina House of Representatives:

District 90: Democratic candidates: Justin Bamberg and Evert Comer.

Republican candidate: Glenn Posey.

District 97: Democratic candidate: Ronee De Canio.

Republican candidate: Mandy Kimmons.

District 116: Democratic candidates: Millicent Traeye Middleton, Charles A. Glover, John Prioleau and Chardale Murray.

Republican candidate: Carroll ONeal.

District 121: Democratic candidate: Michael Rivers.

Republican candidate: Eric Erickson.

For Solicitor in District 14

Republican Duffie Stone.

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Here are the candidates - Walterboro Live

Visions of Liberty – Cato Institute

Regardless of our political commitments, we all want the world to be better. We want people everywhere to be healthier, happier, safer, and more prosperous than ever before. Political libertythe freedom to live our lives as we want while affording others the right to do the same, free from the heavy hand of the stateis the best way to achieve that goal.

Visions of Liberty is more than just an introduction to the broad scope of political liberty. It will leave you with astrong sensea clear visionof what the application of genuine libertarian policies looks like in practice.

Our contributors take different approaches. Some look to the past, pointing out how things worked before government got involved. Others look forward, offering future histories that describe how things could play out if we make certain choices. But each of them shares the fi rm belief that when freed from the meddlesome and coercive hand of the state, people can do amazing things. Liberty unleashes our drive for ingenuity and sense of compassion. This radical vision of aworld that might be is truly worth striving for.

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Visions of Liberty - Cato Institute

Don’t Think of Massie as a Hero – American Greatness

The coronavirus relief plan passed last week, but one congressman tried to stop it.

U.S. Representative Thomas Massie (R-Ky.), an ardent libertarian, nearly forced the entire House of Representatives to return to Washington to vote on the plan.

Massie defied the leadership of both parties on behalf of the Constitution . . . at least in his own mind.

Some conservatives saw him as a hero for standing up against the corruption of the swamp. But his protest was ultimately silly and a lame throwback to the libertarianism over which Donald Trump triumphed in 2016.

Massie outlined on Twitter why he opposed the coronavirus relief plan. His main beef was that the Constitution requires a recorded vote on such a bill.

(1/11)I swore an oath to uphold the constitution, and I take that oath seriously.

In a few moments I will request a vote on the CARES Act which means members of Congress will vote on it by pushing yes or no or present.

Thomas Massie (@RepThomasMassie) March 27, 2020

The Kentucky Republican also complained about the wasteful spending, such as $25 million for the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts, and the increase in the national debt. He didnt offer an alternative to the bill outside of making all of Congress fly back to D.C. to vote on it.

This move inevitably angered Massies congressional colleagues and President Trump. Trump even positively retweeted John Kerry calling Massie an asshole.

Never knew John Kerry had such a good sense of humor! Very impressed! https://t.co/vCVNMUeY2h

Donald J. Trump (@realDonaldTrump) March 27, 2020

The congressman was right to oppose the unnecessary pork for undeserving recipients like the Kennedy Center. Most conservatives shared Massies disgust that these provisions made it into the final bill. But most conservatives also realized that there was something more important in the fight than Massies objections.

The relief plan was never going to be perfect. Congress needed to pass a quick compromise to help out Americans in desperate need. Republicans should have been more discerning in what they allowed into the bill. Massie, however, ignored the major problems in the bill.

He didnt mention the $350 million set aside for refugee assistance in his Twitter thread. This is far more than what was allocated to the Kennedy Center and is more of an insult to struggling Americans. Why is our government spending money on foreign nationals at a time when millions of Americans are out of work? This wouldve been a great question for a Republican lawmaker to ask about and oppose.

One Republican did make a fuss about itit wasnt Massie though. It was Rep. Matt Gaetz (R-Fla.).

$350m for Migration & Refugee Assistance

This is probably politically incorrect. I dont care.

We should secure the economic condition of *every American* before spending the first extra dollar on a program that largely supports people here illegally.

No for CBP/ICE, btw pic.twitter.com/gBFjM2xipt

Matt Gaetz (@mattgaetz) March 25, 2020

Additionally, the relief plan prohibits Defense Department funds to be used for the border wall. Coronavirus illustrates the dangers of open borders and globalism; any serious response would insist on stricter immigration controls and stronger borders. The provision limits Americas power to protect itself and prevent future pandemics from getting to our country. Yet, Massie, like all Republicans, ignored this restriction.

It would have been far more productive and relevant for Massie to focus on these concerns instead of reviving arguments from 2010. Nationalists and populists shouldnt see the Kentuckians fight as their own.

Serious Trumpists understand the government has an obligation to help out people in a time of need. The arguments over big government and the deficit are relics from the Tea Party era. Were in a new era where Republicans need to fight to protect the people and defend their interests. The government is no longer the enemy, but a tool to advance the national interest.

There is no libertarian solution to the coronavirus crisisunless of course, you want millions of Americans to go broke and the economy to crater.

Massie is a valuable lawmaker for his courageous stands on foreign policy and opposition to disastrous interventions. This is why the establishment hates him, not because he wants limited government. The establishment knows the limited government rhetoric is ultimately toothless. The real threat is the national populist agenda Trump ran on, which combined immigration restrictionism, economic nationalism, and noninterventionism.

It wouldve been great if one Republican lawmaker had taken a stand against the relief package on behalf of that viewpoint. Instead, we got a farcical rehash of the Tea Party fights against Barack Obama.

One Republican aide perfectly summarized Massies rebellion.

Massies a clown in a tricorn hat pretending like its 2010 again, a Senior Republican aide says to sum up the situation.

The aide adds, Hes got no plan to improve the bill because theres no magic bitcoin fix. This isnt TARP, its basically nation-wide hurricane relief.

Philip Wegmann (@PhilipWegmann) March 27, 2020

Harsh words, but true. Massie is no national populist champion. Hes acting like a clown in a tricorn hat.

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Don't Think of Massie as a Hero - American Greatness

Study Reveals Concerning Aftereffects of Peritoneal Mesothelioma Surgery – Mesothelioma.net Blog

Published on April 01, 2020

Mesothelioma is a rare and fatal form of cancer that is caused by exposure to asbestos. The disease is diagnosed in approximately 3,500 people per year, and among those roughly 20 to 35% have the peritoneal form of the disease which forms in the abdominal cavity. Though patients with peritoneal mesothelioma have realized significant success from a specialized procedure that combines surgery with the direct administration of chemotherapy, a study by researchers in Singapore has noted that many of them end up with blood cell problems years later.

One of the most promising treatment options available for patients diagnosed with peritoneal mesothelioma combines surgical removal of malignant tumors from the peritoneal area followed immediately by pouring a heated solution of chemotherapeutic agents directly into the still-open surgical field. The HIPEC treatment is thought to kill any microscopic cancer cells that may be left behind following surgery.

But cancer researchers analyzing 15 years worth of retrospective outcomes found that of patients whod had the procedure, more than half developed toxicities of the blood: some problems involved white blood cells, some with platelets or proteins, and some with their red blood cells. The troubling effect was most likely to arise in older patients who had previously undergone chemotherapeutic treatment with the purpose of minimizing the size of their tumors prior to surgery.

Though cytoreductive surgery combined with heated intraperitoneal chemotherapy has extended survival time for countless mesothelioma patients, the researchers from Singapores National Cancer Centre have issued some startling results that physicians need to consider while crafting a treatment plan. Their study followed patients whod had the procedure over a 15-year period, and revealed that more than 37 percent developed a low platelet count condition called thrombocytopenia which prevents the blood from clotting properly. Nineteen percent experienced conditions that reduce white blood cells that fight infection,

Notably, these issues are not long-term problems that develop slowly. Rather, they appear in just days after the surgery is performed, giving physicians the opportunity to watch out for their development and provide appropriate treatment quickly.

If you have been diagnosed with malignant mesothelioma, it is easy to be overwhelmed. The compassionate Patient Advocates at Mesothelioma.net can help you by providing information and other resources. Call us today at1-800-692-8608.

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Study Reveals Concerning Aftereffects of Peritoneal Mesothelioma Surgery - Mesothelioma.net Blog

3 Objectives for People With Mesothelioma During Coronavirus Isolation – Mesothelioma Guide

The COVID-19 coronavirus continues to derail our usual way of life. People with mesothelioma are not immune to the anxiousness and hardships caused by this health crisis.

The economy continues to suffer as many businesses are closed. Stocks are dropping. Sporting events have been canceled. Social outings are an afterthought. Many cities have asked residents to shelter in place.

If you have mesothelioma, then you can make good use of this time in isolation. Dont devote all of your mental energy to the negatives associated with the coronavirus pandemic.

We have three suggestions for objectives you should focus on in the next few weeks or months however long the crisis lasts.

A growing number of cities, counties and even states have initiated stay at home orders for residents. For instance, Floridas Orange County (where Orlando is located) instilled a two-weekrule starting March 26 (Thursday) at 11 p.m.

Even if you live somewhere that hasnt taken the same stance, you should isolate yourself from others.

People with mesothelioma are at risk of contracting a severe case of coronavirus. The virus attaches to your lungs and attacks your respiratory system. The most common type of mesothelioma (pleural mesothelioma) forms near the lungs and often spreads to this organ.

Since you have malignant cancer, your immune system is weaker than usual. Youll have difficulty fighting back against the coronavirus and expelling it from your body.

The best way to stay safe from this outbreak is reducing or, better yet, eliminating your in-person interaction with others. If youd like tips on safety measures to take, then read one of our latest blogs on mesothelioma and the coronavirus.

Mesothelioma affects around 3,000 Americans each year. All of them no matter their age, gender or where they live were given this cancer by corporate greed.

Manufacturers prioritized using asbestos due to its fire-resistant and cost-effective qualities. They preferred this substance despite many knowing it was dangerous to their workers health and the health of the general public.

You and other mesothelioma patients should consider taking legal action against these corporations. While in isolation, people with this cancer can contact a lawyer to discuss their options. Mesothelioma claims usually involve filing with asbestos trust funds. The process is simple, and you should receive financial help quickly.

The top mesothelioma lawyers have adjusted to our current isolated American lifestyle. They offer virtual options for face-to-face meetings and can process all documents and signatures electronically.

Remember, mesothelioma treatment can cost thousands of dollars. You and your family may also struggle financially due to lost wages, rising debt and other effects of this cancer. Add in the current economic climate businesses closing, jobs being cut and retirement accounts bleeding money and theres even more reason to seek compensation.

Mesothelioma treatment is continuously expanding and evolving. Surgery techniques are improving, new methods are proving useful and survival rates are showing promise.

Staying at home and keeping a safe distance from others means you have a little more time to research your treatment options. Clinical trials pop up regularly and offer people like yourself an opportunity to access outside-the-box ideas, such as:

The United States Food and Drug Administration has only approved chemotherapy for treating mesothelioma. However, many specialists receive approval to use surgery and radiation along with chemotherapy drugs cisplatin and pemetrexed.

We can help you learn more about accessing a clinical trial or connecting with a top mesothelioma doctor. Our patient advocate and registered nurse, Jenna Campagna, is available via email at jenna@mesotheliomaguide.com.

While our staff is prioritizing safety during the coronavirus outbreak, we remain dedicated to helping patients find treatment, beat this cancer, and live happily and healthily for many years to come.

Show Sources & Author

Devin Golden is the content writer for Mesothelioma Guide. He produces mesothelioma-related content on various mediums, including the Mesothelioma Guide website and social media channels. Devin's objective is to translate complex information regarding mesothelioma into informative, easily absorbable content to help patients and their loved ones.

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3 Objectives for People With Mesothelioma During Coronavirus Isolation - Mesothelioma Guide

Mesothelioma Pain Management with PCC – Surviving Mesothelioma

A study out of the UK says more doctors should consider using a minimally invasive surgical technique called PCC in mesothelioma pain management. They also say it should happen earlier.

Percutaneous cervical cordotomy (PCC) uses an electrode to destroy a small set of nerves in the spinal cord. These nerves send pain signals to the brain.

Although the evidence for PCC is limited, the researchers say their study shows it is safe and effective for mesothelioma pain management. Unfortunately, the patients who do have PCC tend to have it late in their illness.

Malignant pleural mesothelioma is a cancer of the thin tissue that encases the lungs. There are no nerves in this tissue, so patients do not usually feel any pain in the early stages of mesothelioma. This is part of why many people are not diagnosed until they have more advanced mesothelioma.

There is no cure for mesothelioma and tumors usually continue to grow. As mesothelioma progresses, the cancer may invade the chest wall. At this stage, patients often do need mesothelioma pain management.

Doctors have a number of ways of treating cancer pain, including opioid medications. But opioids come with their own risks and side effects. Also, most mesothelioma patients experience one-sided pain, which cannot be addressed by medication alone.

The UK study suggests that PCC may be a viable alternative for mesothelioma pain management, especially in people who do not get adequate relief from medication.

During a PCC procedure, a surgeon inserts a needle into the spine. The needle acts as a guide for a tiny electrode. The electrode passes through the needle to direct a burst of radiofrequency waves into the nerves that transmit pain messages from the chest.

The UK researchers note that there are not many studies on PCC for mesothelioma pain management. But the studies that do exist suggest that it is effective and helps reduce opioid use.

The UK study ran from 2012 to 2017 and included 159 patients with cancer pain. Fifty-seven percent of the patients had pleural mesothelioma. The median time from diagnosis to PCC was 13 months, with the longest being nearly two years.

Before the procedure, patients had an average cancer pain score of six out of 10. On follow-up (an average of 9 days later), the average score had dropped to just two. Other issues linked to mesothelioma pain management were also positively impacted.

The median reduction in strong opioid dose at follow-up was 50 percent, writes researcher Marlise Poolman of Bangor Institute for Health and Medical Research at Bangor University. With the exception of activity, all health-related quality of life scores either improved or were stable after PCC. Only six patients had any PCC-related adverse events.

The team concludes that PCC is effective for mesothelioma pain management but that PCC referrals tended to be late in patients disease trajectories.

In addition to more studies on the earlier use of PCC, they say a consensus from cancer doctors on the procedure will further enhance opportunities to improve patient care.

Source:

Poolman, M, et al, Percutaneous cervical cordotomy for cancer-related pain: national data, March 27, 2020, https://spcare.bmj.com/content/early/2020/03/26/bmjspcare-2019-002057

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Mesothelioma Pain Management with PCC - Surviving Mesothelioma

Prevention key to protecting those at high risk during pandemic – Orange Leader – Orange Leader

By Dawn Burleigh

The Orange Leader

With predictions of COVID-19 deaths reaching over 6,000 by August 4 in Texas, with the peak expected on May 6, 2020 with 155 deaths per day.

Those with lung and heart diseases, diabetes and overweight are the highest at risk to have complications with the virus.

Texas is already experiencing a shortage of ICU beds with 2,469 beads needed and 2,259 available throughout the state. Almost 2,000 invasive ventilators are needed.

Based upon available information to date, those at high-risk for severe illness from COVID-19 include:

People with chronic lung disease or moderate to severe asthma

People who have serious heart conditions

People who are immunocompromised including cancer treatment

People of any age with severe obesity (body mass index [BMI] >40) or certain underlying medical conditions, particularly if not well controlled, such as those with diabetes, renal failure, or liver disease might also be at risk

Many conditions can cause a person to be immunocompromised, including cancer treatment, smoking, bone marrow or organ transplantation, immune deficiencies, poorly controlled HIV or AIDS, and prolonged use of corticosteroids and other immune weakening medications.

Those already sick with a respiratory condition are a target for the virus, Mason Miranda, health writer for Mesothelioma.com said. They already have trouble breathing. This can lead to a lack of oxygen which is then a lack of oxygen to the brain leading to confusion.

For someone with dementia, this can increase the symptoms of their condition.

For those with mesothelioma, the virus can create more problems.

Mesothelioma is a rare, aggressive form of cancer that develops in the linings of the lungs, abdomen or heart. Exposure to asbestos is the only known cause of malignant mesothelioma. The average life expectancy of mesothelioma patients is 12 21 months after diagnosis. Symptoms can include chest pain, shortness of breath and general fatigue, according to http://www.mesothelioma.com

On a normal day, a person with mesothelioma, we suggest the always check the grocery store to see if it has or is going through renovations and if it was found to have asbestos, Miranda said. It takes a minute to Google, and if no renovations, Great I can go there. Now they must take more precautions.

A person with a compromised immunity already takes precautions to not get sick.

The flu can impact their health. The virus is a double whammy for them, Miranda said. Always wash your hands, wash your hands, wash your hands.

Besides sanitizing ones home and washing ones clothes frequently, Miranda also suggested forgotten areas.

While avoiding crowds, also avoid travel, Miranda said. When sanitizing, dont forget your car such as the steering wheel, emergency brake and shifter.

While those in the medical field are wearing a face mask to help prevent being exposed to COVID-19, for the general public without respiratory illness, wearing lightweight disposable surgical masks is not recommended. Because they dont fit tightly, they may allow tiny infected droplets to get into the nose, mouth or eyes. Also, people with the virus on their hands who touch their face under a mask might become infected.People with a respiratory illness can wear these masks to lessen their chance of infecting others. Bear in mind that stocking up on masks makes fewer available for sick patients and health care workers who need them, according to Expectational Emergency Center.

Health care professionals are wearing professional, tight-fitting respirators, such as the N95.

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Prevention key to protecting those at high risk during pandemic - Orange Leader - Orange Leader

California Mesothelioma Victims Center Now Urges A Person in California with Mesothelioma to Forgo the ‘Free booklet and to Call for Direct Access to…

(MENAFN - EIN Presswire) "Attorney Erik Karst of the law firm of Karst von Oiste will travel anywhere in California for no obligation meeting with a person with mesothelioma to explain compensation. California Mesothelioma Victims Center

LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA, USA, April 2, 2020 / EINPresswire.com / -- The California Mesothelioma Victims Center says, "We are urging a person with mesothelioma anywhere in California or their family members to call us anytime at 800-714-0303 so that instead of ending up with a 'free' booklet about the disease they already know about-they end up talking to attorney Erik Karst the founding partner of the law firm of Karst von Oiste-KVO. Erik Karst is one of the nation's most skilled and experienced mesothelioma attorneys and he and his colleagues are responsible for over a billion dollars in financial compensation for people with this rare asbestos exposure cancer.

"Attorney Erik Karst of the law firm of Karst von Oiste-KVO will travel anywhere in California for no obligation meeting with a person with mesothelioma to explain the compensation process and to assess the potential financial settlement. Having a very skilled and honest fulltime mesothelioma attorney in the home of a person with mesothelioma to answer specific questions is much better than a lawyer sponsored 'free' publication about mesothelioma. For direct access to attorney Erik Karst of Karst von Oiste-KVO please call 800-714-0303 anytime." http://www.karstvonoiste.com/

Rather than offering a 'free' booklet, or overnight package the Mesothelioma Victims Center offers a free vital service they call the 'list' for a Navy Veteran or person with mesothelioma in California and nationwide:

* 'We will assist a Navy Veteran or person with mesothelioma document how, where and when they were exposed to asbestos. We call this service the 'list' and it is this information that becomes the basis for a mesothelioma compensation claim as we would like to discuss at 800-714-0303.' https://California.MesotheliomaVictimsCenter.Com

Coronavirus/COVID-19 update for people with confirmed mesothelioma from the Mesothelioma Victims Center: "We are extremely concerned that a Navy Veteran or person with mesothelioma will not begin the mesothelioma compensation process because of the Coronavirus/COVID-19 or they will reach out to a local car accident attorney who has little to no experience doing mesothelioma compensation claims. We have endorsed attorney Erik Karst the founding partner of the law firm of Karst von Oiste to ensure a Navy Veteran or person with mesothelioma receives the best possible compensation results nationwide. Erik Karst is one of the nation's leading mesothelioma attorneys and he will know exactly how to help you or your loved one. For direct access to attorney Erik Karst managing partner of the law firm of Karst von Oiste please call 800-714-0303." http://www.karstvonoiste.com/

For the best possible mesothelioma treatment options in California the California Mesothelioma Victims Center strongly recommends the following heath care facilities with the offer to help a diagnosed victim, or their family get to the right physicians at one of these three hospitals:

UCLA Medical Center Los Angeles, California: https://cancer.ucla.edu/ .

* Stanford Cancer Institute: http://cancer.stanford.edu/

University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California: http://cancer.ucsf.edu/ .

The California Mesothelioma Victims Center also wants to emphasize theirs is a statewide unsurpassed service that is available to any diagnosed victim in California including communities such as Los Angeles, San Diego, San Francisco, San Jose, Riverside, Fresno, Sacramento, Oceanside, Palm Springs, Riverside, or Eureka. https://California.MesotheliomaVictimsCenter.Com

High-risk work groups for exposure to asbestos In California include US Navy Veterans, power plant workers, shipyard workers, oil refinery workers, chemical plant workers, manufacturing workers, plumbers, electricians, auto mechanics, machinists, or construction workers. Typically, the exposure to asbestos occurred in the 1950's, 1960's, 1970's, or 1980's.

According to the CDC the states indicated with the highest incidence of mesothelioma include Maine, Massachusetts, Connecticut, Maryland, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Ohio, West Virginia, Virginia, Michigan, Illinois, Minnesota, Louisiana, Washington, and Oregon. However, mesothelioma and asbestos exposure lung cancer happen to over a thousand people each year in California.

http://www.karstvonoiste.com/

For more information about mesothelioma please refer to the National Institutes of Health's web site related to this rare form of cancer: https://www.cancer.gov/types/mesothelioma .

For more information about asbestos exposure lung cancer and mesothelioma please visit the CDC's website on these topics: https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/asbestos/health_effects_ asbestos.html.

Michael ThomasCalifornia Mesothelioma Victims Center+1 800-714-0303email us here

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EIN Presswire publishes and distributes press releases worldwide for small and mid-sized companies both public and private. Specializing in industry and business, topic categories range from agriculture and aviation to pharma and technology. The company was founded in 1995.

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California Mesothelioma Victims Center Now Urges A Person in California with Mesothelioma to Forgo the 'Free booklet and to Call for Direct Access to...

Arizona Mesothelioma Victims Center Has Endorsed Attorney Erik Karst of Karst von Oiste To Ensure a Navy Veteran or Person with Mesothelioma Receives…

(MENAFN - EIN Presswire) "The Arizona Mesothelioma Victims Center has endorsed attorney Erik Karst of the law firm of Karst von Oiste to ensure a Navy Veteran with mesothelioma in Arizona receives the very best compensation. Arizona Mesothelioma Victims Center

PHOENIX , ARIZONA , USA, April 1, 2020 / EINPresswire.com / -- The Arizona Mesothelioma Victims Center has endorsed attorney Erik Karst of the law firm of Karst von Oiste to ensure a Navy Veteran or person with mesothelioma anywhere in Arizona receives the very best possible financial compensation results as they would be happy to discuss at 800-714-0303. Attorney Erik Karst will typically stop whatever he is doing to discuss financial compensation with a Navy Veteran or person who has just been diagnosed with this rare form of cancer. What makes Arizona unique for people with mesothelioma is most with this rare cancer had their asbestos exposure outside of Arizona.

The group has endorsed attorney Erik Karst of Karst von Oiste for a Navy Veteran or person with mesothelioma in Arizona because he and his colleagues have been assisting Navy Veterans with mesothelioma for decades and they are responsible for over a billion dollars in financial compensation for people like this. Additionally, Erik Karst or his colleagues make no-obligation house calls in Arizona to make sure the Veteran or person with this cancer understands the compensation process and they get an idea of what their compensation settlement might be. For direct access to attorney Erik Karst of Karst von Oiste please call 800-714-0303 anytime. http://www.karstvonoiste.com/

Rather than offering a 'free' booklet, or overnight package the Mesothelioma Victims Center offers a free vital service they call the 'list' for a Navy Veteran or person with mesothelioma in Arizona and nationwide:

* 'We will assist a Navy Veteran with mesothelioma document how, where and when they were exposed to asbestos. We call this service the 'list' and it is this information that becomes the basis for a mesothelioma compensation claim as we would like to discuss at 800-714-0303.' https://Arizona.MesotheliomaVictimsCenter.Com

Coronavirus/COVID-19 update for people with confirmed mesothelioma from the Mesothelioma Victims Center: "We are extremely concerned that a Navy Veteran or person with mesothelioma will not begin the mesothelioma compensation process because of the Coronavirus/COVID-19 or they will reach out to a local car accident attorney who has little to no experience doing mesothelioma compensation claims. We have endorsed attorney Erik Karst the founding partner of the law firm of Karst von Oiste to ensure a Navy Veteran or person with mesothelioma receives the best possible compensation results nationwide. Erik Karst is one of the nation's leading mesothelioma attorneys and he will know exactly how to help you or your loved one. For direct access to attorney Erik Karst managing partner of the law firm of Karst von Oiste please call 800-714-0303." http://www.karstvonoiste.com/

For the best possible mesothelioma treatment options in Arizona the Arizona Mesothelioma Victims Center strongly recommends the following heath care facilities with the offer to help a diagnosed victim, or their family get to the right physicians at each hospital.

* The Mayo Clinic Phoenix/Scottsdale, Arizona: https://www.mayoclinic.org/departments-centers/mayo-clinic-cancer-center

* The University of Arizona Medical Center Tucson, Arizona: https://cancercenter.arizona.edu/

The Arizona Mesothelioma Victims Center would like to emphasize theirs is a statewide initiative available to a diagnosed victim anywhere in Arizona including communities such as Phoenix, Tucson, Mesa, Chandler, Glendale, Gilbert, Tempe. Peoria, or Prescott. http://www.karstvonoiste.com/

High-risk work groups for exposure to asbestos in Arizona include US Navy Veterans, power plant workers, manufacturing workers, plumbers, nuclear power plant workers, electricians, auto mechanics, machinists, or construction workers. Typically, these high-risk workers were exposed to asbestos in the 1950's, 1960's, 1970's, or 1980's. http://www.karstvonoiste.com/

The states indicated with the highest incidence of mesothelioma include Maine, Massachusetts, Connecticut, Maryland, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Ohio, West Virginia, Virginia, Michigan, Illinois, Minnesota, Louisiana, Washington, and Oregon. Mesothelioma and asbestos exposure lung cancer does happen in Arizona as the group would like to explain anytime at 800-714-0303. https://Arizona.MesotheliomaVictimsCenter.com

For more information about mesothelioma please refer to the National Institutes of Health's web site related to this rare form of cancer: https://www.cancer.gov/types/mesothelioma

Michael ThomasArizona Mesothelioma Victims Center+1 800-714-0303email us here

MENAFN0104202000703196ID1099949434

EIN Presswire publishes and distributes press releases worldwide for small and mid-sized companies both public and private. Specializing in industry and business, topic categories range from agriculture and aviation to pharma and technology. The company was founded in 1995.

See original here:

Arizona Mesothelioma Victims Center Has Endorsed Attorney Erik Karst of Karst von Oiste To Ensure a Navy Veteran or Person with Mesothelioma Receives...

Maryland US Navy Veterans Lung Cancer Advocate Urges a Navy Veteran with Lung Cancer in Maryland Who Also Had Asbestos Exposure to Call for Direct…

(MENAFN - EIN Presswire) "The Advocate has endorsed the law firm of Karst von Oiste-KVO to ensure a Navy Veteran or person with asbestos exposure lung cancer receives the best possible financial compensation results. Maryland US Navy Veterans Lung Cancer Advocate

BALTIMORE, MARYLAND, USA, April 1, 2020 / EINPresswire.com / -- The Maryland US Navy Veterans Lung Cancer Advocate is urging a Navy Veteran with lung cancer anywhere is Maryland or their family to call them anytime at 800-714-0303 if while in the navy-the Veteran also had significant exposure to asbestos. The typical person they are trying to identify is over 60 years old and they do not realize the compensation for them could exceed a hundred thousand dollars-even if they smoked cigarettes. The $30 billion asbestos trust funds were not only set up for people with mesothelioma-they were also set up for people with asbestos exposure lung cancer.

The Advocate has endorsed the law firm of Karst von Oiste-KVO to ensure a Navy Veteran with asbestos exposure lung cancer receives the best possible financial compensation results. The remarkable lawyers at the law firm of Karst von Oiste-KVO are responsible for over a billion dollars in financial compensation for people with lung cancer caused by asbestos exposure and mesothelioma. For direct access to the lawyers at the law firm of Karst von Oiste-KVO please call 800-714-0303. http://www.karstvonoiste.com/

The Maryland US Navy Veterans Lung Cancer Advocate is offering to assist a Navy Veteran or person with asbestos exposure lung cancer in Maryland organize the how, where and when they were exposed to asbestos. They call this free service the 'list' and it is this vital information that becomes the foundation for a compensation claim as the would be happy to explain at 800-714-0303. https://Maryland.USNavyLungCancer.Com

The Maryland US Navy Veterans Lung Cancer Advocate's free services are available to people with asbestos exposure lung cancer or mesothelioma in Baltimore, Frederick, Gaithersburg, Bowie, Rockville, Hagerstown, Annapolis or anywhere in Maryland. https://Maryland.USNavyLungCancer.Com

The US Navy Veterans Lung Cancer Advocate says, 'If your husband, dad, coworker or neighbor has just been diagnosed with lung cancer and you know they had significant exposure to asbestos in the navy, at a shipyard or while working at a factory, at power plant, public utility, or as a plumber, electrician welder, mechanic or any kind of skilled trades group in any state please have them call us anytime at 800-714-0303. Most people like this never get compensated-even though the asbestos trust funds were set up for them too. We are trying to change this sad fact.' https://USNavyLungCancer.Com

High-risk work groups for exposure to asbestos in Maryland include US Navy Veterans, workers at one of Maryland's for than two dozen power plants, shipyard workers Baltimore, manufacturing workers, public utility workers, plumbers, electricians, welders, pipefitters, millwrights, auto mechanics, machinists, or construction workers. Typically, the exposure to asbestos occurred in the 1950's, 1960's, 1970's, or 1980's. http://www.karstvonoiste.com/

According to the American Cancer Society for nonsmokers who have been exposed to asbestos in their workplace the risk of lung cancer is five times that of unexposed workers. https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/lung/statistics/index.htm .

States with the highest incidence of lung cancer include Kentucky, West Virginia, Maine, Tennessee, Mississippi, Ohio, Indiana, Louisiana, Arkansas, Missouri, North Carolina, Rhode Island, Alabama, and Delaware. However, there are people with asbestos exposure lung cancer in Maryland. http://www.karstvonoiste.com/

For more information about asbestos exposure please visit the NIH's website on this topic: https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/substances/asbestos/asbestos-fact-sheet .

Michael ThomasMaryland US Navy Veterans Lung Cancer Advocate+1 800-714-0303email us here

MENAFN0104202000703196ID1099948588

EIN Presswire publishes and distributes press releases worldwide for small and mid-sized companies both public and private. Specializing in industry and business, topic categories range from agriculture and aviation to pharma and technology. The company was founded in 1995.

See the original post:

Maryland US Navy Veterans Lung Cancer Advocate Urges a Navy Veteran with Lung Cancer in Maryland Who Also Had Asbestos Exposure to Call for Direct...

Antibodies in blood of COVID-19 survivors can beat coronavirus and researchers are already using them for new treatments – Raw Story

Amid the chaos of an epidemic, those who survive a disease like COVID-19 carry within their bodies the secrets of an effective immune response. Virologists like me look to survivors for molecular clues that can provide a blueprint for the design of future treatments or even a vaccine.

Researchers are launching trials now that involve the transfusion of blood components from people who have recovered from COVID-19 to those who are sick or at high risk. Called convalescent-plasma therapy, this technique can work even without doctors knowing exactly what component of the blood may be beneficial.

For the pioneering work of the first treatment using therapeutic serum in 1891 (against diphtheria), Emil von Behring later earned the Nobel Prize in medicine. Anecdotal reporting of the therapy dates back as far as the devastating 1918-19 influenza pandemic, although scientists lack definitive evidence of its benefits during that global health crisis.

The extraordinary power of this passive immunization has traditionally been challenging to harness, primarily due to the difficulty of obtaining significant amounts of plasma from survivors. Due to scarce quantities, infusions of plasma pooled from volunteers were reserved for those most vulnerable to infection.

Fast forward to the 21st century, and the passive immunization picture changes considerably, thanks to steady advances in molecular medicine and new technologies that allow scientists to quickly characterize and scale up the production of the protective molecules.

The immune systems of COVID-19 survivors figured out how to combat and defeat the invading SARS-CoV-2 virus.

Neutralizing antibodies are one kind of immunological front-line response. These antibodies are proteins that are secreted by immune cells called B lymphocytes when they encounter an invader, such as a virus.

Antibodies recognize and bind proteins on the surface of virus particles. For each infection, the immune system designs antibodies that are highly specific for the particular invading pathogen.

For instance, each SARS-CoV-2 virus is covered by distinctive spike proteins that it uses like keys to unlock the doors to the cells it infects. By targeting these spikes imagine covering the grooves of a key with tape antibodies can make it nearly impossible for the virus to break in to human cells. Scientists call these kind of antibodies NAbs because they neutralize the virus before it can gain entry.

A holy grail for vaccinologists is figuring out how to spark the production of these ingenious antibodies. On first infection, your B lymphocytes train themselves to become expert producers of NAbs; they develop a memory of what a particular invader looks like. If the same invader is ever detected again at any time, your veteran B lymphocytes (known as memory B cells by this stage) spring into action. They rapidly secrete large quantities of the potent NAbs, preventing a second illness.

Vaccines capitalize on this ability, safely provoking an immune response and then relying on the immune systems memory to be able to fend off the real pathogen if you ever encounter it.

Passive immunization is a process in which neutralizing antibodies from one individual can be used to protect or treat another. A clever example of this process exploited by nature is breastmilk, which passes protective antibodies from the mother to the infant.

In addition to their potential preventative role, neutralizing antibodies are starting to prove beneficial in novel treatments for viral disease. Harnessing their protective power has been challenging, though, primarily because isolating enough antibodies to be effective is laborious.

Recent advances in the technology of molecular medicine at last allowed the kind of scale-up that enabled researchers to test the immunological principle. In 2014-15, Ebola virus disease surfaced in West Africa, triggering an epidemic that raged for over a year, killing more than 11,000 people. About 40% of those infected died. There were no treatments and no vaccine.

In the midst of the devastation came innovation: ZMapp, a mix of three synthetic NAbs showed early promising results in ameliorating disease in people infected with EBOV.

By the time Ebola again emerged from the rainforest, this time in 2018 in the Democratic Republic of Congo, the science was ready. In November 2018, doctors launched three parallel trials comparing three different antibody cocktails. Nine months later, spectacular results allowed for an immediate end of the experimental trials so the cocktails could be used in the field.

While ZMapp did not work as well as anticipated, the trials identified two other antibody-based therapies from two different companies that did suppress Ebola symptoms in infected patients. The earlier in their infection that patients received therapy, the better the protection.

Infectious disease experts around the globe heralded the results as a vital breakthrough.

At that time last fall, it would have been difficult to imagine that within six months thered be an even greater need for the powerful strategy of passive immunization.

While the SARS-CoV-2 virus is moving quickly, with almost 1 million confirmed infections worldwide as of this writing, the science is racing to catch up.

Days ago a report published by scientists working in Shenzhen, China, suggested that plasma which contains antibodies from survivors of COVID-19 was successful in treating five critically ill patients. At the end of March, the FDA approved the use of convalescent plasma in treating severely ill people here in the U.S. In addition, Mt. Sinai in New York has established a collaboration with the FDA and other hospitals to begin clinical trials to scientifically determine whether this strategy of passive immunization is viable.

While the rapid move to evaluate this novel treatment is a moment for celebration, the science must keep moving. Convalescent plasma, which is isolated from recently recovered survivors, is in too short of a supply to be broadly useful. The most potent neutralizing antibodies must be quickly characterized and then produced efficiently in large quantities. Several companies, as well as a number of powerhouse academic labs, aim to meet the challenge of identifying and generating these life-saving NAbs.

At the fore is Regeneron, the pharmaceutical company that designed the effective Ebola treatment. Although targeting a different virus, their overall strategy remains the same. Theyve isolated and characterized NAbs and plan to engineer a cocktail of the most potent molecules. The viral target of these antibodies is the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein; the NAbs work by preventing the virus from entering cells.

Clinical trials are planned for early summer, essentially three months time. It is a breakneck pace for the development of such a sophisticated tool of intervention.

As the U.S. enters the exponential phase of COVID-19s spread, this treatment cannot come soon enough.

[You need to understand the coronavirus pandemic, and we can help. Read our newsletter.]

Ann Sheehy, Professor of Biology, College of the Holy Cross

This article is republished from The Conversation under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article.

Read this article:

Antibodies in blood of COVID-19 survivors can beat coronavirus and researchers are already using them for new treatments - Raw Story

How researchers are trying to harness the blood of coronavirus survivors to beat infection – AlterNet

Ann Sheehy, College of the Holy Cross

Amid the chaos of an epidemic, those who survive a disease like COVID-19 carry within their bodies the secrets of an effective immune response. Virologists like me look to survivors for molecular clues that can provide a blueprint for the design of future treatments or even a vaccine.

Researchers are launching trials now that involve the transfusion of blood components from people who have recovered from COVID-19 to those who are sick or at high risk. Called convalescent-plasma therapy, this technique can work even without doctors knowing exactly what component of the blood may be beneficial.

For the pioneering work of the first treatment using therapeutic serum in 1891 (against diphtheria), Emil von Behring later earned the Nobel Prize in medicine. Anecdotal reporting of the therapy dates back as far as the devastating 1918-19 influenza pandemic, although scientists lack definitive evidence of its benefits during that global health crisis.

The extraordinary power of this passive immunization has traditionally been challenging to harness, primarily due to the difficulty of obtaining significant amounts of plasma from survivors. Due to scarce quantities, infusions of plasma pooled from volunteers were reserved for those most vulnerable to infection.

Fast forward to the 21st century, and the passive immunization picture changes considerably, thanks to steady advances in molecular medicine and new technologies that allow scientists to quickly characterize and scale up the production of the protective molecules.

The immune systems of COVID-19 survivors figured out how to combat and defeat the invading SARS-CoV-2 virus.

Neutralizing antibodies are one kind of immunological front-line response. These antibodies are proteins that are secreted by immune cells called B lymphocytes when they encounter an invader, such as a virus.

Antibodies recognize and bind proteins on the surface of virus particles. For each infection, the immune system designs antibodies that are highly specific for the particular invading pathogen.

For instance, each SARS-CoV-2 virus is covered by distinctive spike proteins that it uses like keys to unlock the doors to the cells it infects. By targeting these spikes imagine covering the grooves of a key with tape antibodies can make it nearly impossible for the virus to break in to human cells. Scientists call these kind of antibodies NAbs because they neutralize the virus before it can gain entry.

A holy grail for vaccinologists is figuring out how to spark the production of these ingenious antibodies. On first infection, your B lymphocytes train themselves to become expert producers of NAbs; they develop a memory of what a particular invader looks like. If the same invader is ever detected again at any time, your veteran B lymphocytes (known as memory B cells by this stage) spring into action. They rapidly secrete large quantities of the potent NAbs, preventing a second illness.

Vaccines capitalize on this ability, safely provoking an immune response and then relying on the immune systems memory to be able to fend off the real pathogen if you ever encounter it.

Passive immunization is a process in which neutralizing antibodies from one individual can be used to protect or treat another. A clever example of this process exploited by nature is breastmilk, which passes protective antibodies from the mother to the infant.

In addition to their potential preventative role, neutralizing antibodies are starting to prove beneficial in novel treatments for viral disease. Harnessing their protective power has been challenging, though, primarily because isolating enough antibodies to be effective is laborious.

Recent advances in the technology of molecular medicine at last allowed the kind of scale-up that enabled researchers to test the immunological principle. In 2014-15, Ebola virus disease surfaced in West Africa, triggering an epidemic that raged for over a year, killing more than 11,000 people. About 40% of those infected died. There were no treatments and no vaccine.

In the midst of the devastation came innovation: ZMapp, a mix of three synthetic NAbs showed early promising results in ameliorating disease in people infected with EBOV.

By the time Ebola again emerged from the rainforest, this time in 2018 in the Democratic Republic of Congo, the science was ready. In November 2018, doctors launched three parallel trials comparing three different antibody cocktails. Nine months later, spectacular results allowed for an immediate end of the experimental trials so the cocktails could be used in the field.

While ZMapp did not work as well as anticipated, the trials identified two other antibody-based therapies from two different companies that did suppress Ebola symptoms in infected patients. The earlier in their infection that patients received therapy, the better the protection.

Infectious disease experts around the globe heralded the results as a vital breakthrough.

At that time last fall, it would have been difficult to imagine that within six months thered be an even greater need for the powerful strategy of passive immunization.

While the SARS-CoV-2 virus is moving quickly, with almost 1 million confirmed infections worldwide as of this writing, the science is racing to catch up.

Days ago a report published by scientists working in Shenzhen, China, suggested that plasma which contains antibodies from survivors of COVID-19 was successful in treating five critically ill patients. At the end of March, the FDA approved the use of convalescent plasma in treating severely ill people here in the U.S. In addition, Mt. Sinai in New York has established a collaboration with the FDA and other hospitals to begin clinical trials to scientifically determine whether this strategy of passive immunization is viable.

While the rapid move to evaluate this novel treatment is a moment for celebration, the science must keep moving. Convalescent plasma, which is isolated from recently recovered survivors, is in too short of a supply to be broadly useful. The most potent neutralizing antibodies must be quickly characterized and then produced efficiently in large quantities. Several companies, as well as a number of powerhouse academic labs, aim to meet the challenge of identifying and generating these life-saving NAbs.

At the fore is Regeneron, the pharmaceutical company that designed the effective Ebola treatment. Although targeting a different virus, their overall strategy remains the same. Theyve isolated and characterized NAbs and plan to engineer a cocktail of the most potent molecules. The viral target of these antibodies is the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein; the NAbs work by preventing the virus from entering cells.

Clinical trials are planned for early summer, essentially three months time. It is a breakneck pace for the development of such a sophisticated tool of intervention.

As the U.S. enters the exponential phase of COVID-19s spread, this treatment cannot come soon enough.

[You need to understand the coronavirus pandemic, and we can help. Read our newsletter.]

Ann Sheehy, Professor of Biology, College of the Holy Cross

This article is republished from The Conversation under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article.

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More:

How researchers are trying to harness the blood of coronavirus survivors to beat infection - AlterNet

Mexico is already testing its own Covid-19 vaccine – The Yucatan Times

In the field of prevention, the work of Mexican molecular medicine researcher Laura Palomares stands out. And today, her team is developing a vaccine against SARS-CoV-2, based on the work they have been doing in recent years against dengue and zika.

I am convinced that the only way that we are going to be able to respond to this type of pandemic in a timely manner is going to be using platforms. I am referring to a vaccine, for which we already have the entire production, development, stability train, etc. , said the chemical engineer from the Instituto Tecnolgico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey (ITESM), that holds a masters in Biotechnology, and a doctorate in science from UNAM.

Many times we think that the laboratory is going to discover a vaccine to cure the patient, and it is not like that. This type of vaccine requires a lot of time and a lot of effort in developing the processes for production and characterization, before reaching the final patient, Laura Palomares added.

With this idea in mind, the also researcher at the Institute of Biotechnology (IBt) of UNAM has promoted the development of one of these technological and methodological platforms focused on the aforementioned Zika and Dengue viruses, conditions particularly significant for Mexico due to their high numbers of contagion, every year in different parts of the country.

The result has been a vaccine created with recombinant DNA technology, which Palomares calls a chimera.

Lets put it in simple words, for people to understand: If we take away from the platform the zika and dengue viruses, and we put the coronavirus there, that way we can get a vaccine against SARS-Cov-2, says the member of the University Commission for Attention of the Coronavirus Emergency.

What took us two years in genetic engineering, adding on and taking off proteins, understanding how these capsids were going to be assembled, characterizing them, etc., all that we had already done. So now, we are replacing that with SARS-CoV-2, and that is precisely why we have advanced so much right now , Palomares continued.

The approach to the development of vaccines through platforms has also been the route taken by two vaccines against Covid-19 in the world that are currently under clinical evaluation: that of the North American company Moderna and that of the Chinese company CanSino Biologics, stated the expert.

The coronavirus vaccine is in the testing phase in animal models, a process in which the Zika and dengue vaccine has already been evaluated. If everything progresses positively, Palomares estimates that the first human tests could be carried out in three years.

In the case of the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine that she and her team are currently developing, they plan to collaborate wth the Mexican company Liomont, which has a manufacturing plant that would allow the production of this vaccine, this way Mexico does not have to depend on transnational companies.

So this pandemic is obviously terrible for us, because it is affecting the health of a large part of the population, but also a great opportunity to raise awareness, the researcher concluded.

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Mexico is already testing its own Covid-19 vaccine - The Yucatan Times

Why are young, healthy people dying from COVID-19? Genes may reveal the answer. – Live Science

Young, healthy people are dying of COVID-19 infections, even if most serious cases occur in the elderly and those with preexisting conditions. Now, scientists are looking to see if genes may explain why some people fall seriously ill while others show only mild symptoms, Science magazine reported.

Several ongoing projects aim to analyze and compare the DNA of those with severe COVID-19 infection to those with mild or asymptomatic cases. Differences may lie in genes that instruct human cells to build a receptor called ACE2, which the novel coronavirus relies on to enter cells, Science reported. Alternatively, it may be that genes that support the body's immune response to the virus differ between individuals, or that those with particular blood types carry protective genetic traits that shield them from illness, as suggested by a preliminary study from China.

For now, we don't know which genes might render people susceptible to serious COVID-19 infection, but given the pace of the pandemic, researchers could identify likely candidates within a few months, Andrea Ganna, a geneticist at the University of Helsinkis Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), told Science.

Related: 10 deadly diseases that hopped across species

Ganna and FIMM Director Mark Daly are heading an international effort to collect genetic data from COVID-19 patients, known as the COVID-19 Host Genetics Initiative. Several biobanks, including FinnGen in Finland and the 50,000-participant biobank at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai in New York, have "expressed interest" in contributing data to the study, according to Science. Some groups working with the initiative plan to collect DNA samples from willing patients who are currently hospitalized with COVID-19 infections. Alessandra Renieri, a geneticist at the University of Siena in Italy, expects 11 Italian hospitals to participate in such a study with her own research group.

"It is my opinion that [host] genetic differences are a key factor for susceptibility to severe acute pneumonia," Renieri told Science. Jean-Laurent Casanova, a pediatrics researcher at the Rockefeller University, is organizing a similar effort within a global network of pediatricians. Their aim is to study "previously healthy" patients under age 50 who have developed severe COVID-19 infections, as their vulnerability to the virus likely lies in their genes, Casanova told Science.

As part of their own initiatives, the UK Biobank will also begin curating data from COVID-19 patients, and the Iceland-based company deCODE Genetics will partner with the country's government to do the same. In the U.S., the Personal Genome Project at Harvard University is recruiting volunteers to share their genetic data, tissue samples, health data and COVID-19 status, Science reported.

In the coming weeks and months, these and other projects may reveal why COVID-19 only triggers a transient cough in some people, while endangering the lives of many others.

Originally published on Live Science.

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Why are young, healthy people dying from COVID-19? Genes may reveal the answer. - Live Science

How sick will the coronavirus make you? The answer may be in your genes – Science Magazine

A patient in Italy receives intensive care for COVID-19. Human geneticists are coming together to look for genes that make some people more vulnerable to the disease.

By Jocelyn KaiserMar. 27, 2020 , 3:25 PM

Sciences COVID-19 reporting is supported by the Pulitzer Center.

COVID-19, caused by the new pandemic coronavirus, is strangelyand tragicallyselective. Only some infected people get sick, and although most of the critically ill are elderly or have complicating problems such as heart disease, some killed by the disease are previously healthy and even relatively young. Researchers are now gearing up to scour the patients genomes for DNA variations that explain this mystery. The findings could be used to identify those most at risk of serious illness and those who might be protected, and they might also guide the search for new treatments.

The projects range from ongoing studies with DNA for many thousands of participants, some now getting infected with the coronavirus, to new efforts that are collecting DNA from COVID-19 patients in hard-hit places such as Italy. The goal is to compare the DNA of people who have serious cases of COVID-19 (which stands for coronavirus disease 2019)but no underlying disease like diabetes, heart or lung diseasewith those with mild or no disease. We see huge differences in clinical outcomes and across countries. How much of that is explained by genetic susceptibility is a very open question, says geneticist Andrea Ganna of the University of Helsinkis Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM).

Its hard to predict what will pop out from these gene hunts, some researchers say. But there are obvious suspects, such as the gene coding for the cell surface protein angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), which the coronavirus uses to enter airway cells. Variations in the ACE2 gene that alter the receptor could make it easier or harder for the virus to get into cells, says immunologist Philip Murphy of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, whose lab identified a relatively common mutation in another human cell surface protein, CCR5, that makes some people highly resistant to HIV.

Ganna heads up a major effort to pool COVID-19 patients genetic data from around the world. The idea came quite spontaneously about 2 weeks ago when everyone was sitting at their computers watching this crisis, says Ganna, who is also affiliated with the Broad Institute, a U.S. genomic powerhouse.

He and FIMM Director Mark Daly quickly created a website for their project, the COVID-19 Host Genetics Initiative, and reached out to colleagues who run large biobank studies that follow thousands of volunteers for years to look for links between their DNA and health. At least a dozen biobanks, mostly in Europe and the United States, have expressed interest in contributing COVID-19 data from participants who agreed to this. Among them are FinnGen, which has DNA samples and health data for 5% of the 5 millionperson Finnish population, and the 50,000-participant biobank at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai.

The UK Biobank, one of worlds largest with DNA data for 500,000 participants, also plans to add COVID-19 health data from participants to its data set, the project tweeted this month. And the Icelandic company deCODE Genetics, which is helping test much of the nations population to see who is infected with the new coronavirus, has received government permission to add these data and any subsequent COVID-19 symptoms to its database, which contains genome and health data on half of Icelands 364,000 inhabitants, says its CEO Kri Stefnsson. We will do our best to contribute to figuring this out, Stefnsson says.

Another effort to identify protective or susceptibility DNA variants is the Personal Genome Project led by Harvard Universitys George Church, which recruits people willing to share their full genome, tissue samples, and health data for research. Earlier this month, it sent questionnaires to its thousands of participants, asking about their COVID-19 status. More than 600 in the United States responded within 48 hours. It seems that most people want to do their part, says Church, whose group isnt yet part of Gannas collaboration.

Other researchers working with Gannas initiative are recruiting COVID-19 patients directly within hospitals for such genomics studies. Italian geneticist Alessandra Renieri of the University of Siena expects at least 11 hospitals in the nation to give ethics approval for her team to collect DNA samples from willing patients. It is my opinion that [host] genetic differences are a key factor for susceptibility to severe acute pneumonia, Renieri says.

Pediatrics researcher Jean-Laurent Casanova at the Rockefeller University, who specializes in identifying rare genes that can make healthy young people susceptible to certain serious diseases, is drawing on a network of pediatricians around the world to look for the relatively few young people who develop COVID-19 serious enough to get admitted to intensive care. We study exclusively patients who were previously healthy and under 50, as their serious COVID-19 illness is more likely to have a genetic basis, he explains.

In addition to genetic variants of the ACE2 receptor, scientists want to see whether differences in the human leukocyte antigen genes, which influence the immune systems response to viruses and bacteria, affect disease severity. And some investigators want to follow up a finding, which a Chinese team reported in a preprint: that people with type O blood may be protected from the virus. Were trying to figure out if those findings are robust, says Stanford University human geneticist Manuel Rivas, who is contributing to Gannas initiative.

The catastrophic spread of the coronavirus should soon increase the number of COVID-19 patients available to these gene hunts. And that could speed findings. Ganna expects the first susceptibility genes could be identified within a couple of months.

With reporting by Elizabeth Pennisi.

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How sick will the coronavirus make you? The answer may be in your genes - Science Magazine

The Rise of Micro and Nanoflow In Proteomics – Technology Networks

A key driver for the advent of proteomics was the realization that complexity is driven by protein variation. Contrary to expectation, the genome is thought to be predominantly invariant1; however, the proteome displays significant plasticity that is a product of protein complexation, post-translational modification (PTM), splicing, and both the spatial and temporal regulation of proteins.2 Proteomics is the concomitant and systematic study of numerous and diverse proteins. Given that the proteome is a readout of the changing state of cells, tissues, and therefore the organism, it underpins our understanding of both health and disease.

The sensitivity associated with Nanoflow-LC has contributed to its use in a variety of novel analytical settings that may have a sample limited input. Tissues are often heterogenous in nature, and the ability to interrogate cellular heterogeneity is vitally important, for example, microheterogeneity in tumor biology. Ultra-sensitive nanoflow-LC has been combined with FACS and bespoke nanodroplet sample preparation (nanoPOTS), enabling the identification of >700 proteins from a single HeLa cell. This proteome coverage (for a single cell) is more comprehensive than previously reported.17 This affords the possibility of investigating single cells and their microenvironment to help determine their contribution to disease progression.

Biomarker discovery is often complicated by methodological challenges, where low concentrations of analytes must be determined in a complex matrix. Poor ovarian response is typically difficult to predict. Biomarker discovery studies (conducted during IVF treatment) on follicular fluid were performed using a highresolution orbitrap mass spectrometer coupled to a nanoflowLC system. Numerous proteins were identified (1079), and three of these proteins (renin, pregnancy zone protein, and sushi repeat-containing protein (SRPX)) were identified as predictors of a poor response.19Imaging mass spectrometry (IMS) is an emerging technique for mapping the spatial distribution of analytes (e.g., lipids) across tissue. However, various technical challenges have limited its application to proteomics. Applying these methods would have traditionally relied on labels that require prior knowledge of protein targets. Label-free LC-nanoflow proteomics has been used to analyze tissue voxels, prepared from mouse uterus prior to blastocyst implantation. This generated quantitative cell-type-specific images for more than 2000 proteins with a spatial resolution of 100 m.20Tooth enamel is the densest, hardest, and most mineralized human tissue. Analysis of its proteome is further complicated by the meager (<1%) presence of proteinaceous material. Amelogenin is a dimorphic and abundant tooth protein and expressed from both X and Y chromosomes. Gender may, therefore, be revealed by sequencing the gender dimorphic peptide regions. The analysis of enamel is crucial in archeological or forensic specimens where no other tissue is available and DNA may be irreparably degraded. In these circumstances, the amount of sample available may also be severely restricted. Unique peptides have been identified by acid etching single teeth and peptide identification made possible using nanoflow LC-MS. This workflow has enabled the identification of major structural enamel peptides, including amelogenin isoforms, in teeth obtained from Anglo-Saxon burials (600900 AD).21Given the drive toward increasingly small sample sizes, both micro and nano-LC are expected to play larger roles in research proteomics and will therefore remain fundamental to the advancement of biomedical science.

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The Rise of Micro and Nanoflow In Proteomics - Technology Networks

The Shared Misery of Zoom: Making Memes in a Time of Crisis – The Dartmouth

by Claire Callahan | 4/1/20 2:15am

People have always used humor as a response to current events, no matter how serious, and Dartmouth students' reactions to COVID-19 have been no different. Dartmouth's meme page, currently titled "Dartmouth Memes for Cold AF Teens," is chock-full of memes about the coronavirus and its effects on the student body.

The page was created by Luke Cuomo '20 during his freshman winter, when other colleges meme accounts were cropping up everywhere.

If you werent there when it happened, its hard to understand, he said. There was this whole meme page culture that was developing. It was a really interesting time.

Cuomo never expected that the page would still be so active four years later. But it is.

Jennifer Hinds, a graduate student in the program in experimental and molecular medicine at the Geisel School of Medicine, posted a photo that her husband took of a sign at a bus stop on campus that read NOTICE and nothing else. She captioned it, "Dartmouth COVID-19 tAsK fOrCE emails be like.

We could all enjoy a bitter laugh, she said of her thoughts when her post started to accumulate likes. But her meme wasnt just for laughs she felt it reflected a truth about Dartmouth.

[The College] started off handling [its response to COVID-19] in what I would call typical Dartmouth fashion, Hinds said. A lot of keywords and a lot of reassurances that dont actually point to any specific action.

As a graduate student, Hinds said she doesnt usually feel connected with the undergraduate student body, but in times like this, the meme page changes that.

Being involved in something like their meme group, especially in times like this when we're all suffering from the same thing, makes me feel like I can relate more to that group of people, she said.

Paul Hager 22 edited a photo of a singer performing to an empty Gold Coast lawn with students watching through Zoom and captioned it, Green Key 20S!! All enrolled students may invite two (2) registered guests to the Zoom (proper wristband required).

Hager made the meme while he was up late studying for an exam with his friends in their River apartment. He was surprised when it got a lot of attention.

I was like, I really made it, he said, laughing. This is my moment.

Hager finds humor in the more trivial repercussions of the pandemic.

Joking about specific absurdities that will happen because of what is objectively an absurd situation is kind of the best way of dealing with it, Hager said. It's not funny that there's this global virus, but just the idea of a concert playing for no one on Gold Coast lawn he trailed off as we cracked up.

While Hager wanted to make people laugh, he also wanted to create an analogy that would show how online classes were not a viable replacement for in-person instruction. No one would question the absurdity of an online Green Key why are remote classes any more palatable?

Jacob Kingsley 23 posted a meme that poked fun at Dean of the College Kathryn Lively for routinely sending emails that look essentially identical to updates from the COVID-19 task force.

I was glad to see that it did well and that other people resonated with the joke, he said. I wasn't the only one who was confused why we were getting a hundred emails a day.

I think everyone who is posting on [the meme page] is taking this seriously. It's just a way for us to work through this in a funny way and bring each other up in this time that kind of sucks.

But when Kingsley sent his meme in another group chat, an international student told him not to joke about Lively because international students depended on her emails to know where they would be living in the spring.

I was like, Oh, thats a good point, Kingsley said. But I think it was all just generally in good fun. I think everyone who is posting on there is taking this seriously. It's just a way for us to work through this in a funny way and bring each other up in this time that kind of sucks.

This is not the first time that the meme page has fixated on a single topic. The example that stands out to the pages creator is NapkinGate an incident during Cuomos freshman winter in which Dartmouth Dining Services took away the napkin dispensers on each table at its dining locations, a move that prompted strong reactions from students.

If you speak to any 20 and say NapkinGate, they know what you mean, and thats not something that could have happened without the meme page, he said. Theres this shared consciousness.

While humor connects us as we commiserate together, the reality is that the virus has affected Dartmouth students in very different ways.

Ashwini Narayanan 22 is from Bangalore, India and is currently back home after a stressful decision about where to spend the term. She has mixed feelings on how the College handled the situation for international students.

Clearly, there's not enough infrastructure, staffing, planning and communication from the College, she said. Two weeks after the initial chaos, though, she is more inclined to believe that theyre trying their best.

As an international student, Narayanan felt distanced from the rest of campus during the transition to remote classes.

It's a whole host of things that made our situation so unique, Narayanan said, citing the anxieties of traveling through high-risk countries, the effect on financial aid, accessibility of healthcare and concerns over being allowed back into the country if she left.

People that are affected by things that change their lives in really crazy ways may or may not use humor to cope with it, but it isn't someone else's right to joke about it for them. You can't take someone else's situation and turn it into your own joke.

Narayanan said she enjoys the occasional meme and thinks its funny to joke about online classes, but that theres also the question of who can joke about what.

People that are affected by things that change their lives in really crazy ways may or may not use humor to cope with it, but it isn't someone else's right to joke about it for them, she said. You can't take someone else's situation and turn it into your own joke.

Meanwhile, Cuomo advocates for turning our surroundings into comedy.

I think it would be illogical to say that we can't make fun of the circumstances because of the unfortunate factors of reality, Cuomo said. Like everything, it's a delicate balance. People's tastes differ, and there's an invisible line that you dont see until you hit it.

Cuomo and Narayanan dont disagree on this point they both appreciate the humor of the meme page while remaining cognizant of boundaries. Many Dartmouth students seem to agree that memes about the circumstances surrounding the virus are okay, but jokes that target a specific group of people are not.

Last week, Vanessa Mauricio 21, the communications vice president of Alpha Xi Delta sorority, sent an email to her sisters after someone sent a coronavirus joke about Italians in the sorority GroupMe.

Whenever you post in the GroupMe or online, it is a representation of not only yourself, but everyone who you're affiliated with at Dartmouth, she said. We're allowed to post memes, and some of them are hilarious and relatable, but it does start to affect more than just you when it targets specific groups that are affected.

Mauricio said that her mindset is influenced not only by her position in her sorority, but also by her ethnicity.

I am Chinese, she said. I havent really bared the criticism, but Trump has been calling it the Chinese virus, so there's been a rising fear against Chinese people in general.

But Mauricio enjoys the meme page she visits it when she wants to feel happy and connected.

If I just can't find a way to be happy or laugh, I'll go to the meme page and I'll chuckle to myself and it makes me feel better, she said. It's also a way to stay connected with the people that you are close to or want to be close to. It's like, Here, Im going to let you into my circle of humor.

Its not just about laughs, though. The meme page can be a source of actual information and conversation. Kingsley brought up comedians like John Oliver, who conduct in-depth and credible research as part of their shows.

People are turned off by the idea of mainstream media and watching the news when they know it's all going to be negative, he said. If you can get it in a more positive, funny format, it's much better and more accessible to a lot of people.

Kingsley said that we often struggle with ways to address overwhelming events, but humor is something that comes naturally.

We try to talk about it and think about it in ways that are accessible, he said, which, for our generation, is memes.

In many ways, humor is a luxury its the capacity to think past survival to something as frivolous as a meme.

One phrase from Cuomo struck me: the shared misery of Zoom. Dartmouth students are currently sharing feelings of absurdity, despair, hilarity and our generation is going to express those feelings in a way that is uniquely ours.

In many ways, humor is a luxury its the capacity to think past survival to something as frivolous as a meme. But in the openness of a Facebook page, where anyone can post, I find a surprising amount of hope and collaboration.

Without an open and accessible place to share this content, this would be a little more isolating, Cuomo said. It would make hard times a little bit harder.

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The Shared Misery of Zoom: Making Memes in a Time of Crisis - The Dartmouth

Why is coronavirus killing more men than women? – Wired.co.uk

Coronavirus appears to pose a particular threat to men. Middle-aged and older men, and those with underlying health conditions that affect the immune system, are being especially badly hit by the virus. And while scientists cant say for certain why the current pandemic is discriminating by sex, it isnt a total surprise.

The discrepancy was first seen in China. An analysis of 44,672 confirmed cases from late 2019, when the virus first emerged in the city of Wuhan, up to February 11, found the death rate among men was 2.8 per cent, compared to 1.7 per cent among women. Italy whose death toll surpassed Chinas on March 19 has followed a similar trend with a case fatality rate of 10.6 per cent in men, compared with six per cent in women, according to the country's national health institute.

Men were also disproportionately likely to die during the Sars and Mers outbreaks, which were caused by similar coronaviruses. More women than men suffered from severe acute respiratory syndrome (Sars) in Hong Kong in 2003, but an analysis of all 1,755 cases showed that the death rate among men was 50 per cent higher. During the influenza pandemic of 1918, which killed an estimated 50 million people, adult men were also more likely to die than women.

While scientists dont know whats causing the gender disparity in this current pandemic, smoking and drinking have been floated as possible theories. Historically, men smoke more than women and the difference is particularly large in China, where nearly 50 percent of men but less than three per cent of women smoke.

People who smoke are more likely to develop chronic lung and heart diseases, which are tied to worse outcomes if they contract Covid-19. One of the main reasons for death is that your lungs are no longer working and if your lungs are already damaged because of smoking, theres less reserve before the lungs no longer are sufficiently effective at keeping you oxygenated, says Paul Hunter, a professor in medicine at the University of East Anglia.

A study of 1,099 patients in China with Covid-19, published in the New England Journal of Medicine in February 2020, found that smokers made up about 26 per cent of those that ended up in intensive care or died of the disease. Smokers are also more likely to contract the novel Sars-Cov-2 coronavirus in the first place as they transmit it from hand to mouth when touching their lips and because they may share contaminated cigarettes.

In Italy, however, the sex differences among smokers are much smaller than China with 28 per cent of men smoking and 19 per cent of women smoking. This may suggest that there is some other as yet unidentified factor at play.

Women mount stronger immune responses than men except during pregnancy to avoid attacking and rejecting the foetus growing inside them which could be another plausible explanation for the emerging picture of male susceptibility to the Covid-19 disease. In a series of experiments in 2016 and 2017, microbiologists from the University of Iowa infected male and female mice with the coronavirus that caused Sars, and as had happened in humans, male mice were more likely to die. But when the team removed the ovaries from females, their death rates shot up suggesting that the hormone oestrogen somehow protected them from Sars.

Hormones could also play a part in how the novel coronavirus, whose genetic makeup is around 79 per cent similar to the Sars virus, interacts with human airways. Ian Hall, a professor of molecular medicine at the University of Nottingham explains that Sars-Cov-2 uses a spike protein to attach to a receptor protein called ACE2 on the surface of human respiratory cells. There could be differences in the way in which the virus interacts with its key receptor in the airways, which might make male individuals more susceptible, he says, noting that its just one theory. Research into the shape of this spike protein and all the ways it folds and shifts with the ACE2 receptor could not only shed light into how the virus infects men and women differently but may also offer a route into treatment.

If we can identify that key difference, and then we could potentially design a drug which might remove that difference, then that would hopefully reduce the risk in males down to the same risk as you see in females, says Hall.

Ultimately, biology, lifestyle and behaviour are all likely to play a role in the spread and impact of Covid-19. But it will only be possible to understand the exact differences between men and women once more countries produce and make available sex-disaggregated statistics on infection and mortality.

Global Health 50/50, an initiative that advocates for gender equality in health, has been collecting Covid-19 infection figures from the 25 countries with the highest number of cases, but so far only 12 countries provide details on male and female fatality. Sarah Hawkes, professor of global public health at University College London, who is also co-director of the initiative, points out that some countries including the UK and US have failed to provide crucial data. They definitely have the data, but I dont know why theyre not putting it out in a sex-disaggregated manner, she says. Its not just a statistical exercise. As a doctor, Id want to know if there was this quite different risk of death and equally, Id want to know whos getting infected.

Women make up 70 per cent of the workforce in the health and social sector and, according to Hawkes, could be more exposed to the virus because of gendered roles. In many societies, its women who provide frontline care. Its women who are involved in looking after sick relatives or friends in their homes, she says. So am I seeing a spike in the number of young women who have been infected and what can I do about that? There are so many reasons why youd want to see this data.

Data on infection and death rates broken down by sex and age also help doctors and nurses plan and monitor critical care capacity in hospitals, says Hall. It does help in terms of planning critical care capacity because one needs to know how many people are likely to deteriorate. We have to match the number of patients who potentially might need critical care with the number of ventilators that are available in different spaces in the hospital.

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Why is coronavirus killing more men than women? - Wired.co.uk