Remote Working: What It Means For RPA (Robotic Process Automation) – Forbes

With the rapid spread of the COVID-19 pandemic, companies have been scrambling to adopt remote working technologies. The biggest beneficiaries of this, of course, are the developers of web conferencing systems. During the first quarter, Zooms daily user base skyrocketed from ten million to 200 million.

We are in the midst of a massive shift in how we work that happened almost overnight, and were never going back in many ways, said Craig Malloy, who is the CEO of Lifesize.

Lets face it, with sudden investments in new technologies, why will companies abandon them when the virus runs its course?It does seem far-fetched. In other words, companies will likely be less focused on business travel and there will continue to be more employees who will have remote working arrangements.

Such changes will certainly have wide-ranging impacts on other tech sectors.Just look at RPA (Robotic Process Automation).The technology allows for fairly easy automation of repetitive and tedious processes.

Demand for RPA was already very high before the world shifted to working from home, Mike Beckley, who is the CTO and co-founder of Appian.And while RPA isn't a great way to help homeschool the kids, it is a great way to quickly change a legacy process. How many companies have had to adjust their paid leave and sick day policies in the last two weeks due to COVID-19? It's easier to program a bot than to rewrite your HR and Finance systems.

Vadim Tabakman, who is the director of technical evangelism at Nintex, believes that RPA can solve really tough problemsand quickly when managing remote workforces.New hires can be provided with bots to help them access parts of the systems they arent used to yet and have trouble finding, he said.Imagine a new employee needs to create a new task in a CRM system they have never used.You could show them how to get there, but if its something they only do occasionally it may not stick. Instead, provide them with a bot that performs all the necessary clicks and keystrokes to take them to exactly to the spot they need to be in the CRM system.

Or consider UiPath, which has been creating solutions to help with remote working.Here are some examples:

We can think about the benefits from RPA in multiple ways, said Vijay Khanna, who is UiPaths Chief Corporate Development Officer. In the front office and call center, customer contact is critical and call volumes have spiked dramatically. Freeing up front-line agents in the call center or similar functions can help them spend more time with customers resolving issues that are otherwise just adding to the stress that customers are shouldering in the current environment. Helping customers when they need it most can be a remarkable differentiator for all companies. Next, in the back office, having bots to tend to much of the repetitive work that might have forced an employee to come to the office in these difficult times has the added benefit of both keeping that employee safe and ensuring that work still gets accomplishedthis is extremely important in considering some of the compliance requirements in highly regulated industries.

RPA still has considerable risks with remote working.If anything, companies will need to engage in even more planning with their systems.Enterprise grade security needs to be baked into any RPA platform from the start, which helps provide greater resilience and business continuity, said Jason Kingdon, who is the Executive Chairman at Blue Prism.

There will also need to be more attention paid to managing bot development and deployment.Otherwise there could be much more sprawl across an organization, lessening the benefits of the technology.This is why its important to have a Center-of-Excellence or COE (you can learn more about this from one of my recent Forbes.com posts).

You need to have a group of champions who control the system, and monitor what bots are being built and who is building them, said Tabakman.Its best to provide regular training around bot design and consider an approval process, where your champions review bots before theyre deployed. Youll want to ensure that a bot being created doesnt create more problems than it solves, such as bots that go into infinite loops, resulting in more work for IT teams.Making sure your bots are successful will minimize the strain on IT, which is already spread thin, and help businesses continue to run well.

And yes, having an RPA platform that is web-based and allows for low-code will also be key. This is because customers cannot bring in partners, cannot deploy new servers, and, in some cases, do not have developers on staff, said Charles Lamanna, who is the CVP of the Citizen Developer Platform at Microsoft. Much like other enterprise software, if the RPA solution is a fully managed SaaS, it is easy for bot authors and bot consumers to still get value even when they are off the corporate network.

AI has been top-of-mind for RPA vendors. But expect even more urgency as this technology will be essential for remote working environments.

An example of what we will likely see is from Automation Anywhere. The company recently launched its Discovery Bot, which uses AI to map and optimize processes by tracking keystrokes, mouse movements and other actions within applications (heres one of my posts about this offering).

There will also likely be more development with process mining.This technology analyzes log files to visualize processes and find the bottlenecks.

With remote working, there will need to be a rethinking of processes, said Yousuf Khan, who is the CIO of Automation Anywhere.

Tom (@ttaulli) is the author of Artificial Intelligence Basics: A Non-Technical Introduction and The Robotic Process Automation Handbook: A Guide to Implementing RPA Systems.

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Remote Working: What It Means For RPA (Robotic Process Automation) - Forbes

McKinsey: what is the future of automation? – Supply Chain Digital – The Procurement & Supply Chain Platform

What does the future hold for automation in logistics? Lets find out

An ever-growing number of logistics and parcel companies are turning to automation to meet the demand of e-commerce. Supply Chain Digital explores McKinseys report, Automation in logistics: Big opportunity, bigger uncertainty and looks at some of the key reasons why automation is transforming the industry.

Machine learning is becoming an essential new technology for many logistics organisations as they seek greater efficiency and evaluate the quickest and most effective routes to market. Many key trends are pushing automation to the top of the logistics CEOs agenda, according to McKinsey, based on three factors: a growing shortage of labour, increasing demand from online retailers and intriguing technical advances. McKinsey Global Institute believes that the transportation and warehouse industry possesses the third highest automation potential of any sector. McKinsey found over 50 technologies that could further automate some part of the supply chain, such as advanced robotics in warehousing, analytics for transport and IoT/smart-sensor applications. Logistics companies face one crucial question: which technology will produce the greatest return on investment? Automation and robotics is one area of McKinseys three game-changing supply chain technologies.

According to this research, todays automation systems are more flexible than ever before. Fast-picking systems can now handle 1,000 to 2,400 picks every hour, due to advanced vision technology that enables them to handle objects presented in arbitrary positions. Technology empowers warehouses to handle fast-changing multichannel and omnichannel requirements and accelerate service levels to support same-day and next-day delivery.

It is estimated that by 2030, most operations could be automated as AI takes over the more simple and repetitive tasks that humans previously performed. McKinsey anticipates fully automated high-rack warehouses that see autonomous vehicles patrolling the aisles. By equipping managers with augmented reality (AR)-glasses, companies will enable full visibility over the entire operation and the coordination of people and robots together. Warehouse-management systems will keep track of inventory in real-time and ensure it is linked up with the ordering system. McKinsey believes there are 10 technologies that could change how a warehouse conducts operations.

McKinseys 10 prominent technologies that could transform warehouse operations:

Multishuttle system - This is often used with an automated storage and retrieval system (AS/RS) that transfers goods, usually on pallets, in three dimensions to store and retrieve items without human intervention.

Analytics tool - Algorithms that enable operators to analyse performance, identify trends and make predictions that inform operating decisions, as well as using machine learning to improve over time.

Optical recognition - This is a sensor that scans items to apply sortation and other logistics. This includes a conveyers laser-guided vehicles and camera-based movement of drones.

Conveyor connection - A connection between two disparate conveyor systems that utilises decision logic to influence item flow.

Management system - Analytic and digital systems that merge analytics, performance reporting and forecasting tools to allow managers to easily control a full system, such as a warehouse.

Smart storage - This allows advanced analytics and digital tools to place and retrieve items in the most efficient way, adjusting storage media based on the product, picking and order characteristics.

3D printing - This process creates parts by adding layers of a material (usually metal or plastic) to develop a shape. 3D printing is also called additive manufacturing.

Swarm AGV robots - These are autonomous vehicles that operate freely and on digital tracks to bring items to a picking station based on instructions from the order-flow software.

Smart glasses - These are glasses that augment and assist reality of the users. Smart glasses help reduce the inefficiencies of searching.

Picking robot - This is a system with robotic arms that replicates a human picking motion.

To achieve success in logistics, all companies in the sector must meet two critical areas: speed and variety. In order to meet same-day delivery requirements, more automation in picking, packing and sorting is necessary. Large e-commerce giants such as Amazon and JD.com have established their own logistics credentials over the past few years. In 2019, Amazon introduced one-day delivery and has accelerated its interest in the logistics space, as featured in Supply Chain Digitals article in Novembers magazine. McKinsey believes that if Amazons logistics unit was its own separate company, it would be considered the fifth largest 3PL firm worldwide. JD.com launched a logistics park powered by 5G networks that it says will enhance site operations and drive its IIOT strategy. Amazon and JD.com deploy their own in-house logistics first through several lucrative niches, like parcel delivery in dense urban areas, as well as expanding other areas. This drive by the major organisations is to create more warehouses in the last mile and provide same-day delivery means logistics companies have to remain lean and agile to keep up with the competition, particularly due to the speed of deployment amidst a digital transformation industry-wide.

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McKinsey: what is the future of automation? - Supply Chain Digital - The Procurement & Supply Chain Platform

Global Automation Testing Industry – Yahoo Finance

NEW YORK, April 8, 2020 /PRNewswire/ --Automation Testing market worldwide is projected to grow by US$17.6 Billion, driven by a compounded growth of 17.7%. Functional, one of the segments analyzed and sized in this study, displays the potential to grow at over 17.9%. The shifting dynamics supporting this growth makes it critical for businesses in this space to keep abreast of the changing pulse of the market. Poised to reach over US$13.7 Billion by the year 2025, Functional will bring in healthy gains adding significant momentum to global growth.

Read the full report: https://www.reportlinker.com/p05797956/?utm_source=PRN

- Representing the developed world, the United States will maintain a 15.7% growth momentum. Within Europe, which continues to remain an important element in the world economy, Germany will add over US$672.8 Million to the region's size and clout in the next 5 to 6 years. Over US$563.1 Million worth of projected demand in the region will come from Rest of Europe markets. In Japan, Functional will reach a market size of US$631.3 Million by the close of the analysis period. As the world's second largest economy and the new game changer in global markets, China exhibits the potential to grow at 22.6% over the next couple of years and add approximately US$4.4 Billion in terms of addressable opportunity for the picking by aspiring businesses and their astute leaders. Presented in visually rich graphics are these and many more need-to-know quantitative data important in ensuring quality of strategy decisions, be it entry into new markets or allocation of resources within a portfolio. Several macroeconomic factors and internal market forces will shape growth and development of demand patterns in emerging countries in Asia-Pacific, Latin America and the Middle East. All research viewpoints presented are based on validated engagements from influencers in the market, whose opinions supersede all other research methodologies.

- Competitors identified in this market include, among others,

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Afour Technologies

Applitools Ltd.

Astegic Inc.

CA Technologies, Inc.

Capgemini SE

Cigniti Technologies Ltd.

Codoid

Cygnet Infotech Pvt. Ltd.

IBM Corporation

Infostretch Corporation

Invensis Technologies

Micro Focus International PLC

Microsoft Corporation

Mobisoft Infotech LLC.

Parasoft

QA Mentor, Inc.

QASource

Ranorex GmbH

SmartBear Software, Inc.

Testim.Io

Tricentis GmbH

Read the full report: https://www.reportlinker.com/p05797956/?utm_source=PRN

I. INTRODUCTION, METHODOLOGY & REPORT SCOPE

II. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

1. MARKET OVERVIEW

Automation Testing Market: PreludeGlobal Competitor Market SharesAutomation Testing Competitor Market Share Scenario Worldwide(in %): 2019 & 2025

2. FOCUS ON SELECT PLAYERS

3. MARKET TRENDS & DRIVERS

Accelerating Time-to-Market: A Critical Advantage of AutomationTestingGrowing Use of Mobile Devices and the Increasing Need forMobile Testing Present Opportunity for Automation TestingMarketStable Growth in Smartphone SalesGlobal Smartphone Shipments in Million Units for the Years 2016through 2024Despite Declining Sales, Marginal Recovery of Tablet ShipmentsForecastGlobal Shipments of Tablets in Million Units for 2014 throughQ1 2019Rising Adoption of DevOps in Organizations Fuels Demand forAutomation TestingCritical Trends Impacting the Automation Testing MarketArtificial Intelligence and Software Test Automation: Pushingthe Boundaries of TestingWith IoT Adoption Rising in Various Industries, AutomationTesting Becomes an Essential Aspect of IoT TestingOpportunity for Automation Testing for IoT Devices: AnnualRevenues of IoT Market in $ Billion for the Years 2018, 2020,2022 and 2024Role of the Cloud in Transforming Automation Testing in IoTIndustryCodeless Automation Testing: The Future of Automation TestingPerfecto Unveils Smart Codeless Automation Testing SolutionEver Growing Fragmentation of Devices and Operating SystemsEnhances Importance of Automated Cross Browsers TestingA Glance at Top Cross Browser Compatibility Testing ToolsMobile Testing Automation Witnesses Revolutionary InnovationsRegression Test Automation: Designed to Reduce RiskRobotic Process Automation: A Popular Automation Testing ToolFunctional Automation Testing Essential to AscertainAppropriate Working of Specific Functions in the Real WorldA Review of Popular Functional Automation Testing ToolsAutomation of Performance Testing Cycle Aids in FasterDetection of Faults and Accelerates Time-to-MarketSelect Performance Automation Testing Tools: A ReviewSecurity Automation Testing: Impact of DevSecOpsBig Data Automation Testing ToolsChallenges Confronting Automation Testing MarketSelect Automation Testing Tools: An OverviewSelenium: The Most Popular Automation Testing ToolAppium and Espresso: Widely Used Automation Testing FrameworksA Glance at the Top Mobile Automation Testing ToolsPRODUCT OVERVIEWAutomation TestingTypes of Automation TestingBenefits of Automation TestingDifference between Manual Testing and Automation Testing

4. GLOBAL MARKET PERSPECTIVE

Table 1: Automation Testing Global Market Estimates andForecasts in US$ Million by Region/Country: 2018-2025Table 2: Automation Testing Global Retrospective MarketScenario in US$ Million by Region/Country: 2009-2017Table 3: Automation Testing Market Share Shift across KeyGeographies Worldwide: 2009 VS 2019 VS 2025Table 4: Advisory & Consulting (Service) World Market Estimatesand Forecasts in US$ Million by Region/Country: 2018 to 2025Table 5: Advisory & Consulting (Service) Market WorldwideHistoric Review by Region/Country in US$ Million: 2009 to 2017Table 6: Advisory & Consulting (Service) Market PercentageShare Distribution by Region/Country: 2009 VS 2019 VS 2025Table 7: Managed (Service) World Market by Region/Country inUS$ Million: 2018 to 2025Table 8: Managed (Service) Historic Market Analysis byRegion/Country in US$ Million: 2009 to 2017Table 9: Managed (Service) Market Share Breakdown of WorldwideSales by Region/Country: 2009 VS 2019 VS 2025Table 10: Implementation (Service) Potential Growth MarketsWorldwide in US$ Million: 2018 to 2025Table 11: Implementation (Service) Historic Market Perspectiveby Region/Country in US$ Million: 2009 to 2017Table 12: Implementation (Service) Market Sales Breakdown byRegion/Country in Percentage: 2009 VS 2019 VS 2025Table 13: Other Services (Service) World Market Estimates andForecasts by Region/Country in US$ Million: 2018 to 2025Table 14: Other Services (Service) Market Historic Review byRegion/Country in US$ Million: 2009 to 2017Table 15: Other Services (Service) Market Share Breakdown byRegion/Country: 2009 VS 2019 VS 2025Table 16: Planning & Development (Service) Market OpportunityAnalysis Worldwide in US$ Million by Region/Country: 2018 to2025Table 17: Planning & Development (Service) Global HistoricDemand in US$ Million by Region/Country: 2009 to 2017Table 18: Planning & Development (Service) Market ShareDistribution in Percentage by Region/Country: 2009 VS 2019 VS2025Table 19: Support & Maintenance (Service) Geographic MarketSpread Worldwide in US$ Million: 2018 to 2025Table 20: Support & Maintenance (Service) Region Wise Breakdownof Global Historic Demand in US$ Million: 2009 to 2017Table 21: Support & Maintenance (Service) Market ShareDistribution in Percentage by Region/Country: 2009 VS 2019 VS2025Table 22: Compatibility (Testing Type) Geographic Market SpreadWorldwide in US$ Million: 2018 to 2025Table 23: Compatibility (Testing Type) Region Wise Breakdown ofGlobal Historic Demand in US$ Million: 2009 to 2017Table 24: Compatibility (Testing Type) Market ShareDistribution in Percentage by Region/Country: 2009 VS 2019 VS2025Table 25: Functional (Testing Type) World Market byRegion/Country in US$ Million: 2018 to 2025Table 26: Functional (Testing Type) Historic Market Analysis byRegion/Country in US$ Million: 2009 to 2017Table 27: Functional (Testing Type) Market Share Breakdown ofWorldwide Sales by Region/Country: 2009 VS 2019 VS 2025Table 28: Other Testing Types (Testing Type) World Market byRegion/Country in US$ Million: 2018 to 2025Table 29: Other Testing Types (Testing Type) Historic MarketAnalysis by Region/Country in US$ Million: 2009 to 2017Table 30: Other Testing Types (Testing Type) Market ShareDistribution in Percentage by Region/Country: 2009 VS 2019 VS2025Table 31: Performance (Testing Type) Potential Growth MarketsWorldwide in US$ Million: 2018 to 2025Table 32: Performance (Testing Type) Historic MarketPerspective by Region/Country in US$ Million: 2009 to 2017Table 33: Performance (Testing Type) Market Sales Breakdown byRegion/Country in Percentage: 2009 VS 2019 VS 2025Table 34: Security (Testing Type) World Market Estimates andForecasts by Region/Country in US$ Million: 2018 to 2025Table 35: Security (Testing Type) Market Historic Review byRegion/Country in US$ Million: 2009 to 2017Table 36: Security (Testing Type) Market Share Breakdown byRegion/Country: 2009 VS 2019 VS 2025

III. MARKET ANALYSIS

GEOGRAPHIC MARKET ANALYSISUNITED STATESMarket Facts & FiguresUS Automation Testing Market Share (in %) by Company: 2019 & 2025Market AnalyticsTable 37: United States Automation Testing Market Estimates andProjections in US$ Million by Service: 2018 to 2025Table 38: Automation Testing Market in the United States byService: A Historic Review in US$ Million for 2009-2017Table 39: United States Automation Testing Market ShareBreakdown by Service: 2009 VS 2019 VS 2025Table 40: United States Automation Testing Market Estimates andProjections in US$ Million by Testing Type: 2018 to 2025Table 41: Automation Testing Market in the United States byTesting Type: A Historic Review in US$ Million for 2009-2017Table 42: United States Automation Testing Market ShareBreakdown by Testing Type: 2009 VS 2019 VS 2025CANADATable 43: Canadian Automation Testing Market Estimates andForecasts in US$ Million by Service: 2018 to 2025Table 44: Canadian Automation Testing Historic Market Review byService in US$ Million: 2009-2017Table 45: Automation Testing Market in Canada: Percentage ShareBreakdown of Sales by Service for 2009, 2019, and 2025Table 46: Canadian Automation Testing Market Estimates andForecasts in US$ Million by Testing Type: 2018 to 2025Table 47: Canadian Automation Testing Historic Market Review byTesting Type in US$ Million: 2009-2017Table 48: Automation Testing Market in Canada: Percentage ShareBreakdown of Sales by Testing Type for 2009, 2019, and 2025JAPANTable 49: Japanese Market for Automation Testing: Annual SalesEstimates and Projections in US$ Million by Service for thePeriod 2018-2025Table 50: Automation Testing Market in Japan: Historic SalesAnalysis in US$ Million by Service for the Period 2009-2017Table 51: Japanese Automation Testing Market Share Analysis byService: 2009 VS 2019 VS 2025Table 52: Japanese Market for Automation Testing: Annual SalesEstimates and Projections in US$ Million by Testing Type forthe Period 2018-2025Table 53: Automation Testing Market in Japan: Historic SalesAnalysis in US$ Million by Testing Type for the Period2009-2017Table 54: Japanese Automation Testing Market Share Analysis byTesting Type: 2009 VS 2019 VS 2025CHINATable 55: Chinese Automation Testing Market Growth Prospects inUS$ Million by Service for the Period 2018-2025Table 56: Automation Testing Historic Market Analysis in Chinain US$ Million by Service: 2009-2017Table 57: Chinese Automation Testing Market by Service:Percentage Breakdown of Sales for 2009, 2019, and 2025Table 58: Chinese Automation Testing Market Growth Prospects inUS$ Million by Testing Type for the Period 2018-2025Table 59: Automation Testing Historic Market Analysis in Chinain US$ Million by Testing Type: 2009-2017Table 60: Chinese Automation Testing Market by Testing Type:Percentage Breakdown of Sales for 2009, 2019, and 2025EUROPEMarket Facts & FiguresEuropean Automation Testing Market: Competitor Market ShareScenario (in %) for 2019 & 2025Market AnalyticsTable 61: European Automation Testing Market Demand Scenario inUS$ Million by Region/Country: 2018-2025Table 62: Automation Testing Market in Europe: A HistoricMarket Perspective in US$ Million by Region/Country for thePeriod 2009-2017Table 63: European Automation Testing Market Share Shift byRegion/Country: 2009 VS 2019 VS 2025Table 64: European Automation Testing Market Estimates andForecasts in US$ Million by Service: 2018-2025Table 65: Automation Testing Market in Europe in US$ Million byService: A Historic Review for the Period 2009-2017Table 66: European Automation Testing Market Share Breakdown byService: 2009 VS 2019 VS 2025Table 67: European Automation Testing Market Estimates andForecasts in US$ Million by Testing Type: 2018-2025Table 68: Automation Testing Market in Europe in US$ Million byTesting Type: A Historic Review for the Period 2009-2017Table 69: European Automation Testing Market Share Breakdown byTesting Type: 2009 VS 2019 VS 2025FRANCETable 70: Automation Testing Market in France by Service:Estimates and Projections in US$ Million for the Period2018-2025Table 71: French Automation Testing Historic Market Scenario inUS$ Million by Service: 2009-2017Table 72: French Automation Testing Market Share Analysis byService: 2009 VS 2019 VS 2025Table 73: Automation Testing Market in France by Testing Type:Estimates and Projections in US$ Million for the Period2018-2025Table 74: French Automation Testing Historic Market Scenario inUS$ Million by Testing Type: 2009-2017Table 75: French Automation Testing Market Share Analysis byTesting Type: 2009 VS 2019 VS 2025GERMANYTable 76: Automation Testing Market in Germany: Recent Past,Current and Future Analysis in US$ Million by Service for thePeriod 2018-2025Table 77: German Automation Testing Historic Market Analysis inUS$ Million by Service: 2009-2017Table 78: German Automation Testing Market Share Breakdown byService: 2009 VS 2019 VS 2025Table 79: Automation Testing Market in Germany: Recent Past,Current and Future Analysis in US$ Million by Testing Type forthe Period 2018-2025Table 80: German Automation Testing Historic Market Analysis inUS$ Million by Testing Type: 2009-2017Table 81: German Automation Testing Market Share Breakdown byTesting Type: 2009 VS 2019 VS 2025ITALYTable 82: Italian Automation Testing Market Growth Prospects inUS$ Million by Service for the Period 2018-2025Table 83: Automation Testing Historic Market Analysis in Italyin US$ Million by Service: 2009-2017Table 84: Italian Automation Testing Market by Service:Percentage Breakdown of Sales for 2009, 2019, and 2025Table 85: Italian Automation Testing Market Growth Prospects inUS$ Million by Testing Type for the Period 2018-2025Table 86: Automation Testing Historic Market Analysis in Italyin US$ Million by Testing Type: 2009-2017Table 87: Italian Automation Testing Market by Testing Type:Percentage Breakdown of Sales for 2009, 2019, and 2025UNITED KINGDOMTable 88: United Kingdom Market for Automation Testing: AnnualSales Estimates and Projections in US$ Million by Service forthe Period 2018-2025Table 89: Automation Testing Market in the United Kingdom:Historic Sales Analysis in US$ Million by Service for thePeriod 2009-2017Table 90: United Kingdom Automation Testing Market ShareAnalysis by Service: 2009 VS 2019 VS 2025Table 91: United Kingdom Market for Automation Testing: AnnualSales Estimates and Projections in US$ Million by Testing Typefor the Period 2018-2025Table 92: Automation Testing Market in the United Kingdom:Historic Sales Analysis in US$ Million by Testing Type for thePeriod 2009-2017Table 93: United Kingdom Automation Testing Market ShareAnalysis by Testing Type: 2009 VS 2019 VS 2025SPAINTable 94: Spanish Automation Testing Market Estimates andForecasts in US$ Million by Service: 2018 to 2025Table 95: Spanish Automation Testing Historic Market Review byService in US$ Million: 2009-2017Table 96: Automation Testing Market in Spain: Percentage ShareBreakdown of Sales by Service for 2009, 2019, and 2025Table 97: Spanish Automation Testing Market Estimates andForecasts in US$ Million by Testing Type: 2018 to 2025Table 98: Spanish Automation Testing Historic Market Review byTesting Type in US$ Million: 2009-2017Table 99: Automation Testing Market in Spain: Percentage ShareBreakdown of Sales by Testing Type for 2009, 2019, and 2025RUSSIATable 100: Russian Automation Testing Market Estimates andProjections in US$ Million by Service: 2018 to 2025Table 101: Automation Testing Market in Russia by Service:A Historic Review in US$ Million for 2009-2017Table 102: Russian Automation Testing Market Share Breakdown byService: 2009 VS 2019 VS 2025Table 103: Russian Automation Testing Market Estimates andProjections in US$ Million by Testing Type: 2018 to 2025Table 104: Automation Testing Market in Russia by Testing Type:A Historic Review in US$ Million for 2009-2017Table 105: Russian Automation Testing Market Share Breakdown byTesting Type: 2009 VS 2019 VS 2025REST OF EUROPETable 106: Rest of Europe Automation Testing Market Estimatesand Forecasts in US$ Million by Service: 2018-2025Table 107: Automation Testing Market in Rest of Europe in US$Million by Service: A Historic Review for the Period 2009-2017Table 108: Rest of Europe Automation Testing Market ShareBreakdown by Service: 2009 VS 2019 VS 2025Table 109: Rest of Europe Automation Testing Market Estimatesand Forecasts in US$ Million by Testing Type: 2018-2025Table 110: Automation Testing Market in Rest of Europe in US$Million by Testing Type: A Historic Review for the Period2009-2017Table 111: Rest of Europe Automation Testing Market ShareBreakdown by Testing Type: 2009 VS 2019 VS 2025ASIA-PACIFICTable 112: Asia-Pacific Automation Testing Market Estimates andForecasts in US$ Million by Region/Country: 2018-2025Table 113: Automation Testing Market in Asia-Pacific: HistoricMarket Analysis in US$ Million by Region/Country for the Period2009-2017Table 114: Asia-Pacific Automation Testing Market ShareAnalysis by Region/Country: 2009 VS 2019 VS 2025Table 115: Automation Testing Market in Asia-Pacific byService: Estimates and Projections in US$ Million for thePeriod 2018-2025Table 116: Asia-Pacific Automation Testing Historic MarketScenario in US$ Million by Service: 2009-2017Table 117: Asia-Pacific Automation Testing Market ShareAnalysis by Service: 2009 VS 2019 VS 2025Table 118: Automation Testing Market in Asia-Pacific by TestingType: Estimates and Projections in US$ Million for the Period2018-2025Table 119: Asia-Pacific Automation Testing Historic MarketScenario in US$ Million by Testing Type: 2009-2017Table 120: Asia-Pacific Automation Testing Market ShareAnalysis by Testing Type: 2009 VS 2019 VS 2025AUSTRALIATable 121: Automation Testing Market in Australia: Recent Past,Current and Future Analysis in US$ Million by Service for thePeriod 2018-2025Table 122: Australian Automation Testing Historic MarketAnalysis in US$ Million by Service: 2009-2017Table 123: Australian Automation Testing Market Share Breakdownby Service: 2009 VS 2019 VS 2025Table 124: Automation Testing Market in Australia: Recent Past,Current and Future Analysis in US$ Million by Testing Type forthe Period 2018-2025Table 125: Australian Automation Testing Historic MarketAnalysis in US$ Million by Testing Type: 2009-2017Table 126: Australian Automation Testing Market Share Breakdownby Testing Type: 2009 VS 2019 VS 2025INDIATable 127: Indian Automation Testing Market Estimates andForecasts in US$ Million by Service: 2018 to 2025Table 128: Indian Automation Testing Historic Market Review byService in US$ Million: 2009-2017Table 129: Automation Testing Market in India: Percentage ShareBreakdown of Sales by Service for 2009, 2019, and 2025Table 130: Indian Automation Testing Market Estimates andForecasts in US$ Million by Testing Type: 2018 to 2025Table 131: Indian Automation Testing Historic Market Review byTesting Type in US$ Million: 2009-2017Table 132: Automation Testing Market in India: Percentage ShareBreakdown of Sales by Testing Type for 2009, 2019, and 2025SOUTH KOREATable 133: Automation Testing Market in South Korea: RecentPast, Current and Future Analysis in US$ Million by Service forthe Period 2018-2025Table 134: South Korean Automation Testing Historic MarketAnalysis in US$ Million by Service: 2009-2017Table 135: Automation Testing Market Share Distribution inSouth Korea by Service: 2009 VS 2019 VS 2025Table 136: Automation Testing Market in South Korea: RecentPast, Current and Future Analysis in US$ Million by TestingType for the Period 2018-2025Table 137: South Korean Automation Testing Historic MarketAnalysis in US$ Million by Testing Type: 2009-2017Table 138: Automation Testing Market Share Distribution inSouth Korea by Testing Type: 2009 VS 2019 VS 2025REST OF ASIA-PACIFICTable 139: Rest of Asia-Pacific Market for Automation Testing:Annual Sales Estimates and Projections in US$ Million byService for the Period 2018-2025Table 140: Automation Testing Market in Rest of Asia-Pacific:Historic Sales Analysis in US$ Million by Service for thePeriod 2009-2017Table 141: Rest of Asia-Pacific Automation Testing Market ShareAnalysis by Service: 2009 VS 2019 VS 2025Table 142: Rest of Asia-Pacific Market for Automation Testing:Annual Sales Estimates and Projections in US$ Million byTesting Type for the Period 2018-2025Table 143: Automation Testing Market in Rest of Asia-Pacific:Historic Sales Analysis in US$ Million by Testing Type for thePeriod 2009-2017Table 144: Rest of Asia-Pacific Automation Testing Market ShareAnalysis by Testing Type: 2009 VS 2019 VS 2025LATIN AMERICATable 145: Latin American Automation Testing Market Trends byRegion/Country in US$ Million: 2018-2025Table 146: Automation Testing Market in Latin America in US$Million by Region/Country: A Historic Perspective for thePeriod 2009-2017Table 147: Latin American Automation Testing Market PercentageBreakdown of Sales by Region/Country: 2009, 2019, and 2025Table 148: Latin American Automation Testing Market GrowthProspects in US$ Million by Service for the Period 2018-2025Table 149: Automation Testing Historic Market Analysis in LatinAmerica in US$ Million by Service: 2009-2017Table 150: Latin American Automation Testing Market by Service:Percentage Breakdown of Sales for 2009, 2019, and 2025Table 151: Latin American Automation Testing Market GrowthProspects in US$ Million by Testing Type for the Period2018-2025Table 152: Automation Testing Historic Market Analysis in LatinAmerica in US$ Million by Testing Type: 2009-2017Table 153: Latin American Automation Testing Market by TestingType: Percentage Breakdown of Sales for 2009, 2019, and 2025ARGENTINATable 154: Argentinean Automation Testing Market Estimates andForecasts in US$ Million by Service: 2018-2025Table 155: Automation Testing Market in Argentina in US$Million by Service: A Historic Review for the Period 2009-2017Table 156: Argentinean Automation Testing Market ShareBreakdown by Service: 2009 VS 2019 VS 2025Table 157: Argentinean Automation Testing Market Estimates andForecasts in US$ Million by Testing Type: 2018-2025Table 158: Automation Testing Market in Argentina in US$Million by Testing Type: A Historic Review for the Period2009-2017Table 159: Argentinean Automation Testing Market ShareBreakdown by Testing Type: 2009 VS 2019 VS 2025BRAZILTable 160: Automation Testing Market in Brazil by Service:Estimates and Projections in US$ Million for the Period2018-2025Table 161: Brazilian Automation Testing Historic MarketScenario in US$ Million by Service: 2009-2017Table 162: Brazilian Automation Testing Market Share Analysisby Service: 2009 VS 2019 VS 2025Table 163: Automation Testing Market in Brazil by Testing Type:Estimates and Projections in US$ Million for the Period2018-2025Table 164: Brazilian Automation Testing Historic MarketScenario in US$ Million by Testing Type: 2009-2017Table 165: Brazilian Automation Testing Market Share Analysisby Testing Type: 2009 VS 2019 VS 2025MEXICOTable 166: Automation Testing Market in Mexico: Recent Past,Current and Future Analysis in US$ Million by Service for thePeriod 2018-2025Table 167: Mexican Automation Testing Historic Market Analysisin US$ Million by Service: 2009-2017Table 168: Mexican Automation Testing Market Share Breakdown byService: 2009 VS 2019 VS 2025Table 169: Automation Testing Market in Mexico: Recent Past,Current and Future Analysis in US$ Million by Testing Type forthe Period 2018-2025Table 170: Mexican Automation Testing Historic Market Analysisin US$ Million by Testing Type: 2009-2017Table 171: Mexican Automation Testing Market Share Breakdown byTesting Type: 2009 VS 2019 VS 2025REST OF LATIN AMERICATable 172: Rest of Latin America Automation Testing MarketEstimates and Projections in US$ Million by Service: 2018 to2025Table 173: Automation Testing Market in Rest of Latin Americaby Service: A Historic Review in US$ Million for 2009-2017Table 174: Rest of Latin America Automation Testing MarketShare Breakdown by Service: 2009 VS 2019 VS 2025Table 175: Rest of Latin America Automation Testing MarketEstimates and Projections in US$ Million by Testing Type: 2018to 2025Table 176: Automation Testing Market in Rest of Latin Americaby Testing Type: A Historic Review in US$ Million for 2009-2017Table 177: Rest of Latin America Automation Testing MarketShare Breakdown by Testing Type: 2009 VS 2019 VS 2025MIDDLE EASTTable 178: The Middle East Automation Testing Market Estimatesand Forecasts in US$ Million by Region/Country: 2018-2025Table 179: Automation Testing Market in the Middle East byRegion/Country in US$ Million: 2009-2017Table 180: The Middle East Automation Testing Market ShareBreakdown by Region/Country: 2009, 2019, and 2025Table 181: The Middle East Automation Testing Market Estimatesand Forecasts in US$ Million by Service: 2018 to 2025Table 182: The Middle East Automation Testing Historic Marketby Service in US$ Million: 2009-2017Table 183: Automation Testing Market in the Middle East:Percentage Share Breakdown of Sales by Service for 2009, 2019,and 2025Table 184: The Middle East Automation Testing Market Estimatesand Forecasts in US$ Million by Testing Type: 2018 to 2025Table 185: The Middle East Automation Testing Historic Marketby Testing Type in US$ Million: 2009-2017Table 186: Automation Testing Market in the Middle East:Percentage Share Breakdown of Sales by Testing Type for 2009,2019, and 2025IRANTable 187: Iranian Market for Automation Testing: Annual SalesEstimates and Projections in US$ Million by Service for thePeriod 2018-2025Table 188: Automation Testing Market in Iran: Historic SalesAnalysis in US$ Million by Service for the Period 2009-2017Table 189: Iranian Automation Testing Market Share Analysis byService: 2009 VS 2019 VS 2025Table 190: Iranian Market for Automation Testing: Annual SalesEstimates and Projections in US$ Million by Testing Type forthe Period 2018-2025Table 191: Automation Testing Market in Iran: Historic SalesAnalysis in US$ Million by Testing Type for the Period2009-2017Table 192: Iranian Automation Testing Market Share Analysis byTesting Type: 2009 VS 2019 VS 2025ISRAELTable 193: Israeli Automation Testing Market Estimates andForecasts in US$ Million by Service: 2018-2025Table 194: Automation Testing Market in Israel in US$ Millionby Service: A Historic Review for the Period 2009-2017Table 195: Israeli Automation Testing Market Share Breakdown byService: 2009 VS 2019 VS 2025Table 196: Israeli Automation Testing Market Estimates andForecasts in US$ Million by Testing Type: 2018-2025Table 197: Automation Testing Market in Israel in US$ Millionby Testing Type: A Historic Review for the Period 2009-2017Table 198: Israeli Automation Testing Market Share Breakdown byTesting Type: 2009 VS 2019 VS 2025SAUDI ARABIATable 199: Saudi Arabian Automation Testing Market GrowthProspects in US$ Million by Service for the Period 2018-2025Table 200: Automation Testing Historic Market Analysis in SaudiArabia in US$ Million by Service: 2009-2017Table 201: Saudi Arabian Automation Testing Market by Service:Percentage Breakdown of Sales for 2009, 2019, and 2025Table 202: Saudi Arabian Automation Testing Market GrowthProspects in US$ Million by Testing Type for the Period2018-2025Table 203: Automation Testing Historic Market Analysis in SaudiArabia in US$ Million by Testing Type: 2009-2017Table 204: Saudi Arabian Automation Testing Market by TestingType: Percentage Breakdown of Sales for 2009, 2019, and 2025UNITED ARAB EMIRATESTable 205: Automation Testing Market in the United ArabEmirates: Recent Past, Current and Future Analysis in US$Million by Service for the Period 2018-2025Table 206: United Arab Emirates Automation Testing HistoricMarket Analysis in US$ Million by Service: 2009-2017Table 207: Automation Testing Market Share Distribution inUnited Arab Emirates by Service: 2009 VS 2019 VS 2025Table 208: Automation Testing Market in the United ArabEmirates: Recent Past, Current and Future Analysis in US$Million by Testing Type for the Period 2018-2025Table 209: United Arab Emirates Automation Testing HistoricMarket Analysis in US$ Million by Testing Type: 2009-2017Table 210: Automation Testing Market Share Distribution inUnited Arab Emirates by Testing Type: 2009 VS 2019 VS 2025REST OF MIDDLE EASTTable 211: Automation Testing Market in Rest of Middle East:Recent Past, Current and Future Analysis in US$ Million byService for the Period 2018-2025Table 212: Rest of Middle East Automation Testing HistoricMarket Analysis in US$ Million by Service: 2009-2017Table 213: Rest of Middle East Automation Testing Market ShareBreakdown by Service: 2009 VS 2019 VS 2025Table 214: Automation Testing Market in Rest of Middle East:Recent Past, Current and Future Analysis in US$ Million byTesting Type for the Period 2018-2025Table 215: Rest of Middle East Automation Testing HistoricMarket Analysis in US$ Million by Testing Type: 2009-2017Table 216: Rest of Middle East Automation Testing Market ShareBreakdown by Testing Type: 2009 VS 2019 VS 2025AFRICATable 217: African Automation Testing Market Estimates andProjections in US$ Million by Service: 2018 to 2025Table 218: Automation Testing Market in Africa by Service:A Historic Review in US$ Million for 2009-2017Table 219: African Automation Testing Market Share Breakdown byService: 2009 VS 2019 VS 2025Table 220: African Automation Testing Market Estimates andProjections in US$ Million by Testing Type: 2018 to 2025Table 221: Automation Testing Market in Africa by Testing Type:A Historic Review in US$ Million for 2009-2017Table 222: African Automation Testing Market Share Breakdown byTesting Type: 2009 VS 2019 VS 2025

IV. COMPETITION

AFOUR TECHNOLOGIESAPPLITOOLS LTD.ASTEGIC INC.CA TECHNOLOGIESCAPGEMINI FRANCECIGNITI TECHNOLOGIESCODOIDCYGNET INFOTECH PVT. LTD.IBM CORPORATIONINFOSTRETCH CORPORATIONINVENSIS TECHNOLOGIESMICRO FOCUS INTERNATIONAL PLCMICROSOFT CORPORATIONMOBISOFT INFOTECHPARASOFTQA MENTORQASOURCERANOREX GMBHSMARTBEAR SOFTWARETESTIM.IOTRICENTIS GMBHV. CURATED RESEARCHRead the full report: https://www.reportlinker.com/p05797956/?utm_source=PRN

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Algorithms and automation – Council of Europe

The Council of Europe today called on its 47 member States to take a precautionary approach to the development and use of algorithmic systems and adopt legislation, policies and practices that fully respect human rights.

In a Recommendation on the human rights impacts of algorithmic systems, the Council of Europes Committee of Ministers issued a set of guidelines calling on governments to ensure that they do not breach human rights through their own use, development or procurement of algorithmic systems. In addition, as regulators, they should establish effective and predictable legislative, regulatory and supervisory frameworks that prevent, detect, prohibit and remedy human rights violations, whether stemming from public or private actors.

The recommendation acknowledges the vast potential of algorithmic processes to foster innovation and economic development in numerous fields, including communication, education, transportation, governance and health systems. In the current COVID-19 pandemic, algorithmic systems are being used for prediction, diagnosis and research on vaccines and treatments. Enhanced digital tracking measures are being discussed in a growing number of member States relying, again, on algorithms and automation.

At the same time, the recommendation warns of significant challenges to human rights related to the use of algorithmic systems, mostly concerning the right to a fair trial; privacy and data protection; freedom of thought, conscience and religion; the freedoms of expression and assembly; the right to equal treatment; and economic and social rights.

Given the complexity, speed and scale of algorithmic development, the guidelines stress that member States must be aware of the human rights impacts of these processes and put in place effective risk-management mechanisms. The development of some systems should be refused when their deployment leads to high risks of irreversible damage or when they are so opaque that human control and oversight become impractical. Serious and unexpected consequences may occur due to the growing interdependence and interlocking of multiple algorithmic systems that are deployed in the same environments.

As a matter of principle, States should ensure that algorithmic systems incorporate safety, privacy, data protection and security safeguards by design. States must further carefully consider the quality and provenance of datasets, as well as inherent risks, such as the possible de-anonymisation of data, their inappropriate or decontextualised use, and the generation of new, inferred, potentially sensitive data through automated means.The guidelines underline the need for governments to endow their relevant national institutions responsible for supervision, oversight, risk assessment and enforcement with adequate resources and authority. They should also engage in regular consultation and cooperation with all relevant stakeholders, including the private sector, and foster general public awareness of the capacity and impacts of algorithmic systems, including their risks.

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Algorithms and automation - Council of Europe

Algorithms and automation: new guidelines to prevent human rights breaches – Council of Europe

The Council of Europe today called on its 47 member States to take a precautionary approach to the development and use of algorithmic systems and adopt legislation, policies and practices that fully respect human rights.

In aRecommendation on the human rights impacts of algorithmic systems, the Council of EuropesCommittee of Ministersissued a set of guidelines calling on governments to ensure that they do not breach human rights through their own use, development or procurement of algorithmic systems. In addition, as regulators, they should establish effective and predictable legislative, regulatory and supervisory frameworks that prevent, detect, prohibit and remedy human rights violations, whether stemming from public or private actors.

The recommendation acknowledges the vast potential of algorithmic processes to foster innovation and economic development in numerous fields, including communication, education, transportation, governance and health systems. In the current COVID-19 pandemic, algorithmic systems are being used for prediction, diagnosis and research on vaccines and treatments. Enhanced digital tracking measures are being discussed in a growing number of member States relying, again, on algorithms and automation.

At the same time, the recommendation warns of significant challenges to human rights related to the use of algorithmic systems, mostly concerning the right to a fair trial; privacy and data protection; freedom of thought, conscience and religion; the freedoms of expression and assembly; the right to equal treatment; and economic and social rights.

Press releaseAlgorithms and automation: Council of Europe issues guidelines to prevent human rights breaches

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Box bolsters cloud security with automated malware detection – VentureBeat

Cloud giant Box is adding automated malware detection to Box Shield, the companys machine learning-based security platform that prevents data leaks and detects threats. This fits into a broader trend that has seen automation increasingly infiltrate the cybersecurity realm, but it also comes as more people are working from home and at greater risk of external and internal threats.

Box Shield launched in private beta back in August ahead of its full public launch two months later and was initially centered around two core capabilities. Smart access allows admins to define custom labels and policies to control specific actions among employees, such as content and link sharing, the ability to add external collaborators, and file downloading. Threat and data breach detection automatically issues alerts for threats such as compromised accounts, data theft (insider threats), and abnormal behavior, including account access from suspicious locations.

With the new automated malware detection features, Box Shield is moving beyond suspicious user behavior and into scenarios where malicious content may already have been uploaded to a Box account. Malware has become one of the costliest security incidents facing businesses, noted Box chief product officer Jeetu Patel.

Indeed, according to Verizons 2019 Data Breach Investigations Report (DBIR), malware is responsible for 28% of all data breaches. A separate Accenture report found that malware and malicious insiders accounted for a third of all cybercrime costs in 2018, representing an average cost to impacted organizations of $2.6 million and $1.6 million, respectively.

Following a service update thats rolling out shortly, when Box Shield identifies a file it believes to contain malware it will automatically alert the end user and place restrictions on file sharing and downloads. Users will still be able to preview and edit files online they just wont be able to move the file to their desktop or spread the malware (if it exists) to other users machines.

Additionally, Box Shield will notify the relevant security teams, who can view the various malware alerts from within the Box admin console.

The timing of these new features is notable, as the COVID-19 pandemic has created a fertile landscape for bad actors targeting people who are working from home on insecure networks. Even before the current crisis, more businesses were embracing remote working, with employees often using multiple devices including personal phones and laptops to connect to their companys cloud-based systems.

People are collaborating from more devices and remote locations than ever before, so security teams need telemetry and visibility into potential threats across their environment, said Boxs chief information security officer, Lakshmi Hanspal. Automation and security innovations that are intuitive for users can massively reduce the burden on security teams and enable faster response.

The new malware functionality will be available in Box Shield later this month.

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Automated Industrial Technologies takes stab at prototypes to help with ventilator shortage – Lynchburg News and Advance

A Forest-based engineering and manufacturing firm is working to create a prototype of a mass ventilator system it hopes could treat 50 patients at one time as the global fight against COVID-19, the disease caused by the novel coronavirus, continues.

The prototype is still under development by Automated Industrial Technologies and would require U.S. Food and Drug Administration approval, said Wes Payne, direct sales representative AIT.

AIT, which manufactures industrial machinery and automation for customers in various industries, does not normally produce ventilators, Payne said.

"Our system could save thousands of lives if we can get it out. Typically its always been one ventilator per person and the country needs tens of thousands more, he said.

Hospitals around the country have been seeking more ventilators as the number of COVID-19 cases is expected to rise in the coming weeks. Although most people who contract COVID-19 have mild symptoms, some become seriously ill and require hospitalization.

Some states have begun sharing ventilators to try to meet the need. For example, the Associated Press reports, Oregon and Washington have committed to sending ventilators to New York, which has been especially hard hit by the pandemic and has logged more than 6,200 deaths as of Thursday afternoonfrom COVID-19.

As of Thursday in Virginia, according to the Virginia Hospital & Healthcare Association, there were 285 patients who either have tested positive for COVID-19 or who are awaiting test results using a ventilator. Virginia has 2,734 ventilators available.

Gov. Ralph Northam has said Virginia's anticipated number of COVID-19 cases has not yet peaked, and he expects a surge in between late April and late May.

At Automated Industrial Technologies, the mass ventilator prototype came from President and CEO Gary Sill on March 25, who Payne said wanted to help.

That was Garys whole mindset about this, he said. We cant just sit by when we have the capabilities to be a part of a solution and help save lives. So he made it our goal to utilize what we have and be part of the good of the country and hopefully the world.

About five employees were pulled from other projects to work on the prototype, and as of Thursday, it was almost completed. Payne said the firm already had all the tools and manufacturing systems to create the prototype.

The emergency use ventilation system is designed for a tent, gymnasium or another kind pop-up hospital that would service a large bay of patients instead of individual rooms.

The entire system has a main supply which each individual would be fed off of with their own settings, Payne said.

Its designed to be portable and deployed in emergency situations so it can be shipped easily, he said.

The firm is currently reaching out to government agencies and health care networks that might be interested in adding the system to its emergency supply.

Were not looking to get rich off it, but were obviously still a business, Payne said.

Once the prototype is complete, it will need an Emergency Use Authorization, or EUA, from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Payne said.

We need funding, donations, investments because we are footing the bill all on our own, he said. We are estimating the project will take $150,000 to get a final product approved and ready for commercialization.

He hopes the approval will come through by April 20.

Rachael Smith covers local businesses and nonprofits. Reach her at (434) 385-5482.

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737 Max: Boeing usually downplays automation but MCAS made its crisis – Business Insider – Business Insider

The global aircraft industry is essentially a duopoly a decades-long transatlantic rivalry between the US' Boeing and France's Airbus which, as trends change or one is hit by hardship, have continually overtaken each other to temporarily reign as the biggest in the world.

And over those decades, it has been certain philosophies in design and management that have kept the two distinct. The fundamental difference comes down to how those philosophies cause pilots to fly those planes.

Over history, Boeing was known for embracing pilot control over fully automated systems, while Airbus, its French-headquartered, but pan-European rival, pioneered such technology. Both viewed their strategy as fundamental to safety, ending up with similar safety records as a result.

But now, a new automated system that helped bring down two of Boeing's 737 Max planes, and pilots' claims that the company didn't tell them about that system, have caused the biggest crisis in the manufacturer's history. It hemorrhaging cash and trying to appease angry airlines and lawmakers, who could use the crashes to change the rules of aviation forever.

When the first Boeing 737 Max plane crashed in Indonesia in October 2018, killing all 189 people on board, pilots were concerned.

Families of the victims of Lion Air flight JT 610, visit an operations centre to look for personal items of their relatives in October 2018. Ulet Ifansasti/Getty Images

They saw news reports and preliminary information from the investigation that noted that a new automated system in the Max planes had misfired, leaving the pilots on board panicked and unable to regain control of the plane.

In the US, pilots from the Allied Pilots Association, the union that represents American Airlines pilots, turned their anger to Boeing executives, saying they had no idea the automated system was on the planes they were flying.

One pilot said: "I would think that there would be a priority of putting explanations of things that could kill you."

The purpose of the technology called the Maneuvering Characteristics Augmentation System, or MCAS was, of course, not to kill pilots.

The system was actually designed to help keep the 737 Max level in the air and prevent the plane's nose from pointing upwards, which is a situation that could cause the plane to stall.

It was installed because the 737 Max featured newer, heavier engines than previous 737 models, which had the potential to cause the issue.

Employees walk by the end of a 737 Max aircraft at the Boeing factory in Renton, Washington, US, in March 2019. REUTERS/Lindsey Wasson/File Photo

Boeing then offered assurances that a second crash would not happen, audio from that meeting showed, and said that it had not wanted to "overload the crews with information that's unnecessary" about the plane.

But then, five months later, a second 737 Max plane crashed in Ethiopia, killing the 157 people onboard

Separate investigations into both crashes found that MCAS malfunctions meant the pilots simply could not control the plane, with the final report into the Lion Air crash finding the pilots tried more than 20 times to stop the plane's nose pointing down before it crashed into the sea at 450 mph (724.2 kph).

The findings brought representatives for pilots and cabin crew to Congress, where they told lawmakers that Boeing not giving pilots enough information about the MCAS system was the company's "final fatal mistake."

Family members of those who died aboard Ethiopian Airlines plane sit with pictures of their loved ones during a Senate Commerce Committee hearing in October 2019 as then-Boeing CEO Dennis Muilenburg testified about the crashes. Win McNamee/Getty Images

Such hearings prompted flight crews to say they didn't want to fly on the plane anymore, even when it returns to the sky after its updates are approved by global aviation regulators.

In addition to the wider questions about automation in the industry that the MCAS has raised, a cruel irony has emerged in the aftermath of the crashes: Boeing was known as the planemaker that shunned very powerful automated systems, and trusted the skill of pilots.

An Airbus A350-1000 and a Boeing sign at the 2019 Paris Air Show. REUTERS/Pascal Rossignol

Najmedin Meshkati, an engineering professor at the University of Southern California who studies the role humans play in aviation safety, described the companies as traditionally having "two design philosophies."

"The level of control they give to the pilot and transparency they're totally different. That's why I was unpleasantly surprised when the Max crashes happened. I thought Boeing even violated its own kudos and design philosophy."

An Ethiopian police officer walks past debris of the Ethiopian Airlines Flight ET 302 plane crash in March 2019. REUTERS/Baz Ratner

And Christine Negroni, an air-safety specialist and the author of "The Crash Detectives," a book about aviation disasters, said "the great irony is that it was Boeing who held back and had this idea that 'We feel the human in control is the best way to go about it. That's our philosophy.'"

To suggest that Boeing has not embraced automation would be deeply misleading. The company uses it across its fleet, and has done so for decades. The two plane makers have similar safety records, and aviation has only become safer since new technology has been introduced.

But experts say the key difference is this idea of pilot communication, as well as how had long wanted pilots to ultimately be in control.

Now, they say, MCAS appears to have totally overthrown that commitment.

The cockpit of a 737 Max plane. Associated Press

Alan Diehl, a former investigator with both the US's National Transportation Safety Board and FAA, told Business Insider: "I think why the pilots were understandably so upset with Boeing because, historically, Boeing insisted that they would keep the pilots in the loop."

Pilots and aviation industry experts describe the fundamental difference between Boeing and Airbus as being one about pilot control.

"Boeing always wanted to keep the pilots more in the loop," Diehl said.

"I think so many of the pilots felt they were betrayed by Boeing when they found out about the MCAS because they didn't know really what the function was, or how it worked, and most importantly how to shut it off, or when to shut it off."

Indeed, with the Max, Boeing maintains that pilots were able to override the automatic actions and disable MCAS with manual switches. But pilots say they were unaware of the system itself, never mind how to disable it.

Diehl noted that "automation has crept in to Boeing products" over time. He described MCAS as "a new level of, I don't want to say dis-information, but lack of information. "

"It was almost a total information blackout," he said.

Chris Clearfield, founder of risk management consulting firm System Logic, a licensed pilot, and co-author of "Meltdown," a book about handling catastrophes, noted that "both Airbus and Boeing planes have an incredible amount of automation."

"Both are really fundamentally highly automated aircraft. I think the difference is that Boeing's design philosophy has always been that the pilots have direct access to the flight controls. Airbus has always put a lot of filtering between that."

Undelivered Boeing 737 Max planes are parked idly in a Boeing property in Seattle, Washington, on August 13, 2019. David Ryder/Getty Images

Mark Goodrich, an aviation lawyer and former aeronautical engineer and test pilot who focuses on automation, said that Boeing and Airbus' philosophies had been coming together long before MCAS.

"The philosophies were dramatically different. But they're not dramatically different anymore. And they have come together. Boeing took a very traditional approach for a long time," he said.

Airbus' A320 plane, unveiled in the 1980s, was the first plane to have two highly influential pieces of technology called fly-by-wire and flight envelope protection still used to automate parts of flight.

Fly-by-wire a system that allows pilots to input plane commands into a computer instead of a using mechanical levers or dials and flight envelope protection, which stops pilots from pushing the plane beyond certain control limits, have now become more or less standard in the industry.

But Michel Guerard, Airbus' vice president for product safety, told Business Insider that when Airbus introduced them "you had people who didn't like it."

"There was an argument about this in the early days," he said.

An Airbus assembly plant in Seville, southern Spain. Reuters

But now versions of fly-by-wire and flight envelope protection can be found on Boeing planes, and Guerard said that most planes now, including from Boeing and Airbus, "pretty much look the same in terms of automation. "

What people think about when it comes to the difference between Airbus and Boeing, then, comes from those early approaches, Guerard said.

"The story about our philosophy being different from Boeing," he said, "comes from the days when we had the A320, which was the first fly-by-wire and flight envelope protected aircraft."

But even as Boeing embraced some automated systems, it is still holding back more than Airbus.

Fly-by-wire on Boeing planes still has physical levers and gives feedback to the pilot that feel like older, manual controls.

And when it comes to flight envelope protection, for example, Boeing can pilots can "push the envelope" bringing the plane beyond those limits with a lot of effort.

Guerard describes the envelope system as born from the idea that there a range of controls and actions that are safe to do during a flight, and a range of controls and actions that are not.

A worker fits a part to a wing of a partially-finished passenger plane of the A320 series in an assembly hall at the Airbus factory on July 14, 2017 in Hamburg, Germany. Sean Gallup/Getty Images

Pilots have control within those limits, but cannot totally override the plane's authority to go beyond them, because there is apparently no safe reason for them to do so: "The crew is not permitted to crash the aircraft, basically."

Both approaches have fans and detractors in the industry, and both have been credited for both saving lives and contributing to accidents.

John Lauber, the former Chief Product Safety Officer at Airbus, told Business Insider that much criticism of automated technology in planes is "nonsense," and that Airbus data shows that "each succeeding generation of aircraft is safer than its predecessors" as a result of it.

But, he said, automation poses its own challenges for safety if not designed and implemented properly, or if pilots are not properly trained. "But the safety record clearly shows that properly done cockpit automation significantly enhances the safety of aircraft operations," he said.

The 737 Max crisis has allowed Airbus to regain the title of the world's biggest planemaker. But the boost to Airbus has been minimal thanks to the nature of nature of the industry, where planes are ordered years in advance.

Boeing has spent months working on updates to the MCAS system, so it will take information from more than one plane sensor and can only activate once during flight. Boeing also reversed its position after long arguing that simulator training was not necessary for pilots.

The updates mean giving pilots more control, changing MCAS so it "will never provide more input than the pilot can counteract using the control column alone." Boeing says it will make it one of the safest-ever plane.

Investigators look at the debris from the crashed Ethiopian Airlines Boeing 737 Max plane in March 2019. Jemal Countess/Getty Images

Boeing is also reflecting more widely on the very way it builds planes, establishing a committee to review its design and development of planes, including reexamining how the company designs cockpits and expects pilots to interact with controls.

Peter Pedraza, a Boeing spokesman, said it has resulted in "immediate action" to strengthen safety.

But the fallout from the Max crashes may ultimately be overshadowed by a new crisis for Boeing, as countries around the world lock down their borders and demand for travel plunges due to the coronavirus, threatening the world's airlines and potentially causing them to cancel orders or stop placing new ones.

The virus, combined with its existing Max problems, has already pushed Boeing to offer voluntary layoffs to employees and note that it is in "uncharted waters."

Boeing CEO Dave Calhoun at a ceremony at the White House in January 2020. MANDEL NGAN/AFP via Getty Images

Boeing could also take this moment as a basis to turn to automation more than ever before.

In November, when he was still the company's chairman, Dave Calhoun, Boeing's new CEO, said:"We are going to have to ultimately almost almost make these planes fly on their own."

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BAL Earns Prestigious ‘CIO 100’ Award for Innovative Use of Intelligent Automation in Immigration Services – Yahoo Finance

Significant investment in AI and automation maintains BAL's position as the technology and innovation leader in immigration law

DALLAS, April 8, 2020 /PRNewswire/ -- Berry Appleman & Leiden LLP (BAL), the leading immigration law firm in the world, will be honored at this year's CIO 100 Symposium for its work bringing innovative AI and automation technology to the legal industry.

Berry Appleman & Leiden LLP Logo

The award recognizes 100 organizations for their achievements in technology innovation. Winners' initiatives are evaluated by a team of external judges on their use of leading-edge IT practices that produce measurable results. The award is an acknowledged mark of enterprise excellence. CIO recognized BAL for its innovative Intelligent Automation program portfolio, which combines artificial intelligence (AI) including natural language processing, machine learning, and decision networks with robotic process automation (RPA) to enhance quality, speed, and client experience.

"This extraordinary honor comes as a result of years of targeted investment in developing next generation technologies," said Vince DiMascio, BAL's CIO. "Our firm demands the best tools for our people and our clients, and I'm very proud to say that, thanks to our groundbreaking work in this area, the technical promise of automation is now being realized in a practical way."

"Our goal is to enable BAL legal teams to focus on the client experience. Automation of certain repetitive administrative and clerical manual tasks allows them to do just that," explains Edward Rios, BAL Partner and Innovation Leader. "By leveraging RPA to accomplish these processes, both internal and client-facing teams are able to dedicate themselves to higher-value and more client-focused interactions, strengthening the underlying service relationship while also improving operational efficiency. We're delighted to be celebrated by CIO 100 as an organization that understands how to use the latest technology in innovative ways."

BAL partnered with UIPath, Accelirate, and Synaptiq to enhance business processes using intelligent automation with the goal of driving productivity, eliminating errors, and allowing legal teams to focus less on mundane tasks and more on their clients.

"The possibilities are endless when it comes to automation; but not all automation is created equal," says Ashley Fleischer, BAL Automation Project Manager. "That's why we've partnered with the best minds in AI and automation to develop the most effective solutions in the immigration field."

BAL will be recognized at the CIO 100 Symposium & Awards Ceremony on Aug. 19 at the Terranea Resort in Rancho Palos Verdes, CA.

About Berry Appleman & Leiden LLP

BAL is singularly focused on meeting the immigration challenges of corporate clients around the world in ways that make immigration more strategic and clients more successful. Established in 1980, the firm provides unmatched immigration expertise, top-notch information security and leading technology innovation such as its Cobalt digital immigration services platform. In 2018, the firm formed a strategic alliance with Deloitte UK to create the world's first global immigration service delivery model. BAL and its leaders are highly ranked in every major legal publication, including Best Lawyers, Chambers, The Legal 500, and Who's Who Legal. See website for details: http://www.balglobal.com.

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Rockwell Automation taking measures to address COVID-19 pandemic – Greater Milwaukee Today

MILWAUKEE Rockwell Automation, Inc. said Wednesday it is taking some measures such as eliminating discretionary spending during the coronavirus pandemic.

Blake Moret, chairman and chief executive officer, stressed the importance of employees well-being.

Rockwell Automation operates from a strong financial position. While our fiscal second quarter sales held up well despite significant pressure from China in the quarter, we expect that as COVID-19 impacts more countries and economies, we will face lower demand in many of our served industries for a period of time, Moret said. As a result, we are taking preemptive actions to align the companys cost structure with this environment. We are doing so in a way that minimizes workforce reductions and enables us to continue making strategic investments in technology and domain expertise that are important to Rockwell Automations success over the long-term.

In response to the COVID19 pandemic, Rockwell Automation currently anticipates no payout for its incentive compensation plans for fiscal 2020, is eliminating discretionary spend across the organization, and is instituting other temporary cost actions that will be effective in most worldwide locations by the beginning of May.

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Rockwell Automation taking measures to address COVID-19 pandemic - Greater Milwaukee Today

COVID-19 to bring in higher automation & digitalisation in Indian automotive sector: ETAuto Roundtable – ETAuto.com

In a situation like coronavirus crisis, automation and robotics could reduce dependence on human labour and increase productivity, preventing the chances of future plant shutdowns.New Delhi: The coronavirus pandemic may drive enhancement of automation, digitalisation and artificial intelligence(AI) in the automobile sector in post COVID era in order to improve resilience to future pandemics, industry experts said at ETAuto Roundtable on 'COVID-19 Lockdown: 5 Essential Aspects for the Auto Industry'.

The coronavirus can be a wake-up call for supply chain managers and manufacturing companies as plant operation remain suspended amidst 21 days lockdown with an air of uncertainty if it will be lifted post that. The resumption of work may also face difficulties keeping in mind the health of employees and availability of workforce in the massive automobile factories.

In a situation like this automation and robotics could reduce dependence on human labour and increase productivity, preventing the chances of future plant shutdowns.

Vinod Aggarwal, MD and CEO, VE Commercial Vehicles said, "All these concepts like IoT, AI and digitalisation will become extremely relevant going forward and are going to define the new way of working. This lockdown provides us an opportunity to adopt these new trends, especially digitalisation.

Taking a leaf out of China's automotive industry where 90 percent OEMs have resumed production after the lockdown was lifted and more than 80 percent recovered capacity production, Vinay Raghunath Partner and Leader, Automotive Sector, EY India said, "Going digital and technology will have a significant role to play in the supply chain, manufacturing and procurement side not just in the shop floor.

As per Raghunath, many Tier-1 players might adopt technologies around industry 4.0 to leverage IoT capabilities and building efficiency and visibility via digitalisation. Assets that are repetitive can be managed in a seamless manner using robotics and automation solutions.

However, the financial position of the companies remains central to this shift in business model of the automotive industry, asserted David Sanders, Global Advanced Manufacturing & Mobility Leader, EY.

Sanders said, "It depends on how the financial position but I am going to say that there will be a lot of changes happening on the supply chain side with a focus on localised assembly operations because disruptions are going to sustain."

COVID-19 pushed Chinese companies to deploy robots and automation technology as the coronavirus engulfed the nation. During the early stage of the outbreak, some semiconductor and flat panel factories in Wuhan, the epicenter of the epidemic, were able to maintain relatively normal production due to high levels of automation. Other countries might be following the suit upon production resumption.

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COVID-19 to bring in higher automation & digitalisation in Indian automotive sector: ETAuto Roundtable - ETAuto.com

Man charged with alleged offence under new Covid 19 legislation following incident in Deeside on Thursday – Deeside.com

Police say a man has been charged under under Covid 19 legislation following an incident in Deeside on Thursday night.

A large number of police vehicles were spotted heading to the Garden City area just before 8.30pm.

Police say they were called to a house in Sealand Avenue, where they arrested three men for alleged obstruction and resisting police.

One man, aged 27 has been charged under Covid 19 legislation; Contravening requirement not to leave place of living Coronavirus.

He has been bailed to court at later date.

New police enforcement powers were introduced on March 26 by the UK government to help prevent the spread of COVID-19.

Spotted something? Got a story? Send a Facebook Message | A direct message on Twitter | Email: News@Deeside.com

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Man charged with alleged offence under new Covid 19 legislation following incident in Deeside on Thursday - Deeside.com

Eugenics on the Farm: David Starr Jordan – The Stanford Daily

David Starr Jordan was the first president of Stanford University. He was also one of the most influential eugenicists of the early 20th century.

Over the past few months, my Eugenics on the Farm series has dealt with various eugenicists associated with Stanford University and examined their relationship with eugenics, the racist and ableist scientific belief in the improvement of the human race through restricting the reproduction of the unfit, typically disabled people and people of color. For Jordan, however, Im going to do something a bit different.

Ive written extensively on Jordans role in the American Eugenics Movement elsewhere, including in a request to rename Jordan Hall. To summarize, David Starr Jordan founded and worked with many of the most influential eugenic organizations in the United States: the Eugenic Research Organization, the Human Betterment Foundation and the Committee of Eugenics the first eugenic organization in the United States. He popularized eugenics in talks, textbooks and books for general audiences, such as his 1911 Hereditary of Richard Roe, and he promoted the forced sterilization of disabled people. Jordan was the kingpin of early American eugenics, creating networks and organizations deeply influential to the success of eugenic policies in the United States and abroad.

I am not going to write about any of that here. Instead, I am going to focus on Jordans complexities, because Jordan was certainly a complex man. He is still often praised for many aspects of his life: his research as an ichthyologist (fish researcher), his activism in various peace movements, etc. However, at the same time, it is impossible to separate his promotion of eugenics from any of these parts of his life. Eugenics was not a mere footnote in Jordans life; it was a central aspect.

The piece has a practical point, too. The prominent psychology corner on the right side of the front of Main Quad, one of the first things one sees as they walk up from the Oval, is named after Jordan. When we see that, despite Jordans complexities, a central legacy of his has been one of deep harm, it becomes clear why Jordan Hall should be renamed.

Jordan was a passionate anti-war activist. He participated in many anti-war campaigns, such as the World Peace Congress and the World Peace Foundations. Jordan supported other prominent peace campaigns, such as Jane Addams Womens Peace Party and Henry Fords Peace Ship. As an anti-war campaigner, Jordan fought adamantly against the participation of the United States in World War I, a position that cost him many friends and earned him many enemies.

While pacifism is certainly a noble position, Jordans anti-war beliefs stemmed in large part from eugenic theory. Jordans main contribution to eugenic research was on the impact of war on racial health. After studying various historical and contemporary wars, Jordan concluded that war, through the deaths of the brave and survival of the cowardly, reduced the overall ability of the race. In his 1915 book War and the Breed, for instance, he wrote that war involves what real students of this subject call reversed selection in which the best are chosen to be killed, and the worst are preserved to be the fathers of the future. Jordans opposition to war was in the name of eugenics in order to prevent the degradation of the race.

Jordan was also an adamant anti-imperialist and fought against the expansion of the American empire. During the late 19th and early 20th centuries, American imperialism was on the rise, the most famous example being the Spanish-American War of 1898. During and after the war, the question of turning the Philippines (previously a Spanish colony) into an U.S. colony was on the mind of many Americans. Jordan, though, fought against the expansion of American imperialism and called for the removal of American forces from the island.

His reason was neither benevolence nor belief in the self-determination of indigenous Filipinos, however. Jordan, a believer in the supremacy of white races, simply did not think the inferior Filipino races could comprehend governance. In his 1901 Imperial Democracy, Jordan wrote that Filipinos were as capable of self-government or of any other government as so many monkeys. Jordans racism was the foundation of his anti-imperialist stances.

Jordan donated to and supported a few Black colleges. During his life, he donated a considerable amount to the Tuskegee Institute, a historically Black university founded in part by Booker T. Washington. Jordan was a fan of the institute, though in a rather paternalistic way. In his autobiography, he wrote that he enjoyed the universitys primative yet delightful negro spirituals.

Beneath that support, however, was intense racist reasoning. Jordans motivation behind supporting Black universities was his belief in the racial inferiority of Black people. In The Heredity of Richard Roe, Jordan argued that citizenship required a foundation of intelligence and claimed that Black Americans lacked that foundation. Because of this, he called Black suffrage an evil. Jordan thought that Black universities could, if barely, alleviate this dilemma: In a 1910 speech to the London Eugenics Education Society, Jordan lectured that education could help alleviate the negro problem. And for Jordan, there was a clear negro problem: his textbooks and writings regularly portray Black people as evolutionarily closer to apes than their white peers: blue gum negroes, blue gum apes, one read. Despite sending money to a Black university, Jordan only did so based on racist logic, and he actively taught and spreadracist ideologies, framing Black people as a problem to be solved.

Jordans best known academic legacy, besides Stanford, was his research on fish. Many ichthyologists today can trace their academic lineage back to Jordan. Jordan collected fish from across the world, and over 30 fish are named after him. He was especially fascinated with the evolution of fish: his 1923 A Classification of Fishes sought to place all fish species on a linear evolutionary line, tracing their evolutionary progression.

Even this, however, is difficult to separate from his eugenic beliefs. Many scientists of this era applied their studies to human eugenics: for instance Luther Burbank, a botanist and acquaintance of Jordan, similarly applied his botanical research to the eugenic breeding of humans. Jordan, too drew connections between his research on fish and eugenics. Jordans fascination with fish was a fascination with taxonomies and evolutionary progress: creating categories and sorting fish into them, labeling and studying the qualities of each fish, and tracing the path of evolution. Jordans eugenic research was no different: creating eugenic taxonomies of human value, ranking and categorizing human lives, to improve the human race and manufacture evolution. Jordans ichthyology research, like that of many scientists of his time, was inseparable from his eugenics research and taxonomization of humans.

In our current moment, we are living in a pandemic that has, in many ways, revealed obfuscated aspects of our society. Again, just as in Jordans time, the lives of disabled people are being portrayed as fundamentally less. Again, disabled people are living under the threat of being denied medical care due to their disabilities. Again, certain races are demonized as diseased and unfit. Again, eugenics and its hierarchies of human lives are rearing their ugly heads. Eugenics and the ideologies it perpetuates are being again brought to the forefront in this time of social crisis. It is more important than ever to reject eugenics and to bring attention to its harmful history.

Jordan was clearly a complex man with complex beliefs. Like I wrote in the introduction to this series, I do not believe it is useful to rashly judge figures such as Jordan and paint them in simple strokes.This pandemic, among other things, has shown that eugenics is not a mere historical artefact it is something to be actively confronted. Jordans eugenicist and racist ideologies undeniably permeated through all of his work in ways both obvious and subtle. If the role of the historian is to learn from the past (and it certainly is), historians must also judge the past and recognize the harmful influences of such ideologies. That starts by renaming Jordan Hall, by recognizing that Jordans legacy is that of deep harm. And there is nothing complex about that.

Contact Ben Maldonado at bmaldona at stanford.edu.

The Daily is committed to publishing a diversity of op-eds and letters to the editor. Wed love to hear your thoughts. Email letters to the editor to[emailprotected]and op-ed submissions to[emailprotected]

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Eugenics on the Farm: David Starr Jordan - The Stanford Daily

Tiger King is popular because we love to laugh at white trash heres why thats dangerous – The Independent

From his bleached mullet and shiny outfits to satin thrones, from condoms with his face on to intimate piercings, Tiger Kings central character, Joe Exotic, is an affront to good taste. Likewise, the hot-mess sprawling narrative of addiction, sexual coercion, exploitation, theft, murder, suicide, obsession, guns and explosives. Not to mention the tragic backdrop of inexplicably gratuitous numbers of majestic, dangerous, big cats.

Aesthetically, Tiger King is a documentary of excess. Too many exotic animals in captivity, too many guns and sequins, too much desperation and methamphetamine, too many storylines, too many villains, too, too much. It is addictively engrossing as a result, its popularity during lockdown hinging on revelling in the weird horrors of tasteless, Hicksville excess. Plunged into a weird, crazy world so Other to our own, we feel normal. Witnessing the extraordinarily dangerous combination of caring for big cats, while playing with unregulated guns and explosives, while on meth, makes us feel comparatively safe. What more could we want in lockdown, while the apocalypse rages outside?

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But this comfort, this reassurance that we are comparatively sane, normal and safe, depends upon an us and them logic that is dangerous. Taste is classed. Taste is political.

Writing about the way we stigmatise working-class celebrity, sociologistsImogen Tyler and Bruce Bennettsaw our media as a class pantomime offering community-forming attachment to a bad object. That is, these characters define what we are glad not to be, giving us the opportunity to affirm our comparative superiority through the pleasure of collective scorn.

The cast of Tiger King is depicted in the white trash archetype, a stock character with a long history going back to the US Eugenics RecordOffice who, between 1880 and 1920, attempted to demonstrate scientifically that rural poor whites were genetically defective. The rural class entered the public imagination as dirty, drunken, criminallyminded, and sexually perverse people. This was used to end welfare and introduce involuntary sterilisation and incarceration. SociologistsMatt Wray and Annalee Newitz argue the stereotype of the incestuous and sexually promiscuous, violent, alcoholic, lazy, and stupid redneck persists over a century later. This reads true of the characterisation constructed in Tiger King. While their big cat businesses may turn over huge sums, the sneering pleasure of watching their financial mismanagement reeks of the schadenfreudeof being proved right about who does and doesnt deserve wealth. This is exactly the logic of the eugenics white trash label.

The term white trash has always existed to blame those suffering social ills for their situation, suggesting it is a product of their own poor judgement and intrinsic inferiority, not structural inequality. The main characters of Tiger King are horrendous: murderous, abusive utterly reprehensible. But, beware the pleasures of disgust. Trash designates the dregs, dirt or refuse of society. That which should be disposed of.

Tiger King, Murder, Mayhem and Madness, Official Trailer

Why does this matter? Because eugenics is back. From the eugenicist views of former advisor to Downing Street, Andrew Sabisky, to herd immunity. From reassurance that coronavirus only kills the elderly or those with underlying conditions, as if underlying conditions was code for less than fully a person, to do not resuscitate orders signed against patients wishes. From certain groups being told not to go to hospital,saving beds for those with higher chances of survival, to the criminal, political, deliberate underfunding of our health service. These show our leaders strategically callous belief in the disposability of human life. Forcing doctors into a position where they must decide who lives creates the most violent discrimination. Beware comforting entertainment predicated on us and them logic which imagines them to be disposable and not us, when our government in a time of health crisis is doing exactlythe same to us.

Dr Hannah Yelin is a senior lecturer in media and culture at Oxford Brookes University

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Tiger King is popular because we love to laugh at white trash heres why thats dangerous - The Independent

Sterilisation and Eugenics In The Global South Are Championed By White Women – Wear Your Voice

This essay contains discussions of scientific racism, forced sterilisation, and racist reproductive violences against people of color.

By Adrie Rose

There is nothing new about eugenics. Its certainly undergone rebranding, PR campaigns, re-naming, and re-working to give it a shiny new, gilded patina, but whether its called the social hygiene movement, the racial hygiene movement, or population controlits eugenics. Its an attempt to stop the socially illthe poor, the mentally ill, the houseless, drug users, and people of colour from procreating and outnumbering the inbred upper-/middle-class, well-educated white masses.

With walking, talking, moldy ham steaks like Richard Dawkins extolling the virtues of eugenics, its no surprise that this racist, pseudoscientific backwater is considered, almost solely, the domain of men. In fact, it feels like a concerted effort on behalf of white women to ignore and outright deny the racist history of feminismwhite feminism, specifically. And while there is a certain ostrich-like quality inherent to white feminism, the denial cannot continue. Although the truth of the past has been partially buried, the roots of that evil have continued to grow, tripping up and grabbing at the bodies of unsuspecting Black and brown people simply trying to survive. The past, and how it informs the present, must be acknowledged and confronted head-on if we are to end the violent legacy of reproductive interference in the global southmost specifically Aboriginal Australia, Africa, and Southern Asia.

In 1926, the Racial Hygiene Association of New South Wales (now the Family Planning Association) was founded by Lillie Goodisson and Ruby Rich of the Womens Reform League. Until 1928, the association was known as the Racial Improvement Society. During their tenure, Gooddisson and Rich advocated for selective breeding of future generations with particular emphasis on the elimination of hereditary defectsincluding mental illness, venereal disease, syphilis, a predisposition to criminal behaviour, and non-whiteness. Thanks to their literary propaganda, Australia passed legislation designed to sterilise Aboriginal and Indigenous people across the continent without their consent or knowledge. The Sexual Sterilisation Act of Alberta (1928) and the Sexual Sterilisation Act of British Columbia (1933) allowed for the forced sterilisation of all manner of social outcasts, leading the United Nations to condemn the country and its legislature for continued violations of human rights law. The Alberta act was repealed in 1972 after more than 4,000 people (most women and children of Eastern European, First Nations, and Metis descent) were surgically and permanently sterilised without their consent. The British Columbia act was repealed in 1973 after the formation of a Board of Eugenics was formed to unilaterally strip bodily autonomy from any person it deemed to have a tendency to serious mental disease or mental deficiencylargely Aboriginal people.

In January 2012, reports surfaced that Project Prevention, a United States-based organisation that pays drug users to use long-term, implantable birth control, was paying women in Mbita, Kenya with HIV to have IUDs implanted and had been since at least May 2011. A report detailing these allegations tells the story of women being told to sign consent forms for tubal ligation while in labour, women whose husbands signed consent forms for what they thought was a cesarean section but actually gave permission for them to be sterilised without their knowledge or consent, and women whose mothers were told that their disabilities and HIV+ would make them bad mothers, despite having already given birth. Women in their early and mid-20s whose husbands left them, sometimes taking the children, after learning that they could no longer fulfill their duties, women who were berated and shamed for their HIV status by doctors and nurses that refused to aid them unless they agreed to sterilisation, and women who signed documents in confusion because doctors and nurses would only speak to them in English.

In December 2014, five Kenyan women sued the Kenyan Health Ministry, Medecins sans Frontieres, the French arm of Doctors Without Borders, and Marie Stopes International for sterilising them without their consent. Marie Stopes founded the Society for Constructive Birth Control and Racial Progress to fund her building of birth control clinics across the United Kingdom. After Stopes death, these clinics coalesced under the umbrella known as Marie Stopes International. The first overseas location for MSI was established in New Delhi, India, carrying the dark cloud of its prior mission to furnish security from conception to those who are racially diseased, already overburdened with children, or in any specific way unfitted for parenthood.

In her writings, Stopes espoused a particular hatred for mixed-race (half-caste) people and advocated for their sterilisation at birth (Sorry mum and dad, I guess youll only have cats for grandchildren if these folks get their hands on me). Stopes was contemporaries with women like Gertrude Davenport, who argued that allowing no less than 5% of the population to be incompetent thru [sic] such bad heredity as imbecility, criminality, and disease cost American taxpayers around $100 million annually. Stopes and Davenport shared similar ideas as Rita Hauschild who conducted Bastard Research in the Caribbean between 1936 and 1937, studying Chinese-Negro, Chinese-Indian, and Indian-Negro hybrids in Trinidad and Venezuela. Hauschilds work on racial identification of embryos was a particular favourite of Nazi scientists and doctors in World War II-era Germany.

An ocean away in India, the United Kingdoms Department for International Development was funneling at least 166 million ($215,995,615) to rural clinics for the purposes of birth control, despite complaints that the money would be used for forced sterilisation. Both men and women in India alleged being dragged off the street and into clinics where they were operated on by torchlight. Reports of deaths from horribly botched operations, patients thrown out onto the street still bleeding, and people miscarrying or suffering stillbirths after being ignored when they told doctors that they were pregnant. Some clinics claimed to be incentivised with promises of 1500 (rupees) for each completed sterilisation with a bonus of 500 per patient for performing more than 30 operations in a day.

Do I think white women are actively forming organisations and non-profits with the clear aim of furthering eugenics in some dystopian plot to eradicate brown people? Not intentionally. But I think its very likely that white women and their supporters have internalised centuries-old ideas of white purity and the white (wo)mans burden. To be fair, white women are not, nor have they been the sole arbiters of eugenic thought and action in the global south. The transnational movement to eradicate Black and brown bodies is nothing new, nor was it solely the domain of German Nazis as parroted in liberal circles. Buck v. Bell, a 1927 United States Supreme Court case that has never been overturned, allowed for the compulsory sterilization of the unfit in the interest of protecting the state. But why this enduring ragethis disdain for the reproduction of visibly non-white bodies? What engenders such a visceral reaction that the Center for Investigative Reporting found 150 cases of Latinx and Black women being sterilised in California prisons without consent? Its fear. The fear is two-fold, but plain and simple, fear drives and has driven the need to cease population growth by any means necessary.

Look to the narrative of King Kong for that fear made visual. In his earliest incarnation, Kong is a slavering beast, nothing more and nothing less. He is every fear of Black male aggression come to life. Given the era of its production, its not surprising that the film never approaches more than a modern-day PG rating, but I always expect to see some grotesquely oversized depiction of vaguely human genitalia as Kong thrashes about. Well-endowed, blessed with endless energy, lacking the genteel restraint of their civilised white counterparts. Even the smallest display of sexual agency or interest from a Black person, real or imagined, is immediately twisted into a vile, perverse display of animalistic lust. Its evidence of our complete lack of humanity, no matter how well-bred we are. In the 1930s, the fear stoked by Birth of a Nation (1915) was still alive and well. Dark-skinned men, literally lurking in shadows, were a scourgestalking white women and stealing their purity away, supplanting it with literal and figurative darkness.

The fear of the hulking beast of Black sexuality is somewhat farcical, I suppose. But less comical, easier to visualise, more deeply ingrained is a very real concern that white domination will soon be usurped by the growing numbers of non-white bodies across the globe. White people are the global minority, not just in places like Asia and Africa, but in America and Europe as well. 20 years ago, non-Latinx whites were just 49.8% of the California population. The US Census Bureau predicts that the rest of the United States will follow suit in another 20 years. And white people are terrified at becoming the minority in a world they built to fulfill their needs, wants, and desires at the expense of Black and brown bodies. That terror is less associated with the horror of seeing more non-white faces in a crowd. To be sure, there is a sick fascination in white communities with rooting out those who dont belong, those immediately identifiable as outsiders by virtue of their skin. But more than that, eugenic obsession is fueled by the idea that white people will become the minority and subsequently, the victims of retribution.

To picture white women carrying the mantle of eugenic discourse and violent action, little suspension of disbelief is required. In a world where white femininity is rewarded, coddled, and purified its not actually difficult to envision the beneficiaries of the same internalising the racist baggage that comes with pink pussy hats. The same world where haphazard monuments dedicated to the memory of Susan B. Anthony are erected in a mad dash to immortalise a woman prostrate before the altar of the eradication of foreign Black and brown people. Eugenic thought and action can go through a name change and a spit shine, but there will always be a fuck it, mask off moment where the truth will out. White women continue to unironically champion the cause of ethnic cleansing by shouldering the white womans burden, even though no one asked, because it is both their historical prerogative and unspoken objective.

Further Reading:

Adrie is a Sociology grad student and freelancer living in Pittsburgh. She primarily writes about sex work, social media, race, and gender. When shes not writing or grading, Adrie works as an artist and photographer. Her great loves include the glitter accent nail, Bojack Horseman, Disenchantment, and her two cats: Misty (15) and Oscar (5).

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Sterilisation and Eugenics In The Global South Are Championed By White Women - Wear Your Voice

We are Witnessing The CDC’s Violent Eugenicist History in Real-Time – Wear Your Voice

CW: This essay explores anti-fatness and eugenics, and mentions death, medical genocide, and more.

Towards the end of February, many of us in america had become aware of the glaring virus we now know as COVID-19. In panic, people took to their local grocery stores and stocked up on all household essentialsmost notably, face masks, hand sanitizer, and toilet paper. While information about the effects of COVID-19 were mixed, as the virus is so new, one thing that scientists and all government officials seemed to be clear about was that face masks were ineffective against the virus. At the beginning of March, people were being instructed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to not wear face masks to prevent the spread of the virus. The U.S. Surgeon General made a public statement via Twitter demanding that everyone stop buying masks as they were ineffective against the spread of the virus. It was not clear how the very tools that were being used to protect our medical and healthcare providers from this virus were suddenly ineffective when it came time to protect those of us who were civilians. As such, many continued to buy masks in bulk, rapidly creating a shortage of face masks for the aforementioned.

Just days ago, the CDC released a public statement stating that they do, in fact, recommend that everyone wear a face mask in publicas up to 25% of people diagnosed with COVID-19 may be asymptomatic, according to the CDC.

Weeks before this discovery, I made a statement via Twitter wherein I named my distrust of the CDC, other medical officials, and the list of (contradictory) instructions they were releasing to the public in the wake of what feels like one of the most vicious pandemics we have experienced in modern history. The CDC has been at the epicenter of the war waged against my body and other bodies like mine, and this is the basis for my lack of trust in their efforts.

In March 2004, during a highly publicized news conference, the CDC published a report claiming that obesity was killing 400,000 Americans a year and that it was becoming americas number one preventable death, outnumbering tobacco. The report was published in the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA)which, at least at the time, was the most prestigious medical journal in the nation. One of the authors of the report was the head of the CDC. Because of this, the report had the credibility it needed and would lead to egregious and violent headlines across the nation about fat people, our bodies, and the alarming rate at which we were allegedly dying from obesity.

From that moment forward, throughout the rest of that year, public officials and other media platforms used that report as evidence that obesity was the greatest threat facing the american people, and as justification for what would eventually become a forceful and strapping diet industrial complex. Thus creating The Obesity Epidemic.

However, according to J. Eric Oliver in his book Fat Politics: The Real Story Behind Americas Obesity Epidemic (2006), a more intentional look at the numbers from which the CDC was using indicates that the numbers were far from accuratesomething the CDC would later admit to. The numbers were inflated. In his book, Oliver says:

the CDC researchers did not calculate the 400,000 deaths by checking to see if the weight of each person was a factor in his or her [or their] death. Rather, they estimated a figure by comparing the death rates of thin and heavy people using data that were nearly thirty years old. Although heavier people tend to die more frequently than people in mid-range weights, it is by no means clear that their weight is the cause of their higher death rates. It is far more likely that their weight is simply a proxy for other, more important factors such as their diet, exercise, or family medical history. The researchers, however, simply assumed that obesity was the primary cause of death, even though there was no clear scientific rationale for this supposition.

In other words, the CDC contrived this number from an estimation after reviewing data that was thirty years old. It was never a calculated number concluded from their own intense research; it was a scientific guess made with hopes to punish fat people for our bodies. And it worked. As Oliver names, fat people do tend to die at higher rates than our thin counterparts, but it isnt because of our weight. We tend to die at higher rates than thin people because doctors misdiagnose us, or refuse to treat us, due to our fatness.

A year after they published the report, in April 2005, the CDC released another reportalso through JAMAwherein they not only offered a much smaller number of deaths per year due to obesityless than 26,000, to be exactbut also claimed that moderately overweight people live longer than people at a normal weight. But the damage had already been done. Around the world, people were using the CDCs original numbers as fuel for the war waged on fat people. And I would wager that the damage is still being done. No one is dying from being obese. Full stop. Fat people are dying because of a medical industrial complex committed to seeing our fatness as death; we are dying because we lack proper resourceslike housing and employmentthat would provide us with money, healthcare, and a roof to protect us; fat Black people in particular are dying, I argue, because of an inherently anti-Black system of policing that sees us as deadly beasts that need to be put down.

What is happening to fat people, the societal and systemic bias and marginalization we have to navigate, is in large part due to the one CDC report heard around the world. And to this day, the CDC continues to refer to obesity as an epidemic, and have even gone as far as to say that fat people are at higher risk of contracting and dying from COVID-19.

Some may argue that the CDC originally claimed that masks were ineffective as a way to retain the already-small supply of masks for healthcare providers and medical officials. Others may argue that the CDC made this claim due to ever-developing research around the virus. I am arguing, however, that the CDC made the claim that masks are ineffective because the CDCs sole purpose is to provide scientific legitimation of the U.S. as a eugenicist project through medical genocide. As outlined in this essay, the CDC has a history of releasing deadly information and later backtracking on it when the damage has already been done.

Choosing to tell the public that supplies that could benefit everyone is ineffective, rather than calling for more supplies to be createdin the midst of a global pandemic, no lessis eugenics. Making the conscious decision to tell the general public that something is ineffective when you have not done all of the necessary research, especially when medical officials are using the very same equipment, is medical and scientific genocide.

Scientists, researchers, and medical professionals can make mistakes. They are human, after all. As a fat person whose daily reality has in large part been warped by the violent report the CDC released over ten years ago, however, I am not convinced that any of this is a mistake. This feels far too intentional and far too familiar. In the midst of a very real pandemic, the CDC is handling it precisely the same as they did a false pandemic which they helped to create. For this reason, along with the fact that theyve been radio silent about the way COVID-19 has impacted Black communities especially, I have very little trust in the CDC, as I have no room in my politic for anti-fat science, eugenics, or medical genocide. I hope we choose to make a collective push for a more ethical research organization to lead on these issues soon. Lest we wait for thousands of more lives to be lost due to the CDCs incompetence.

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We are Witnessing The CDC's Violent Eugenicist History in Real-Time - Wear Your Voice

Just like the coronavirus, the 1918 flu pandemic ravaged group living facilities – The Boston Globe

As we are seeing now during the coronavirus pandemic, a combination of accidental and intentional failures exposed disabled inmates in institutions to the worst effects of the 1918 flu pandemic, which killed more 670,000 Americans and more than 50 million people worldwide. The lessons that could have been learned from the experiences a century ago are as forgotten as the people themselves; people who were trapped inside places like the Massachusetts School when the first sick patient was carted out and died in a small infirmary in September 1918.

State schools for the so-called feeble-minded were originally devised as small experimental settings. The goal of early reformers was to provide free education for people with cognitive and developmental disabilities. It was a radical notion. Opened in 1848, the Massachusetts School was the first public institution of its kind in America, and by 1918, there were roughly two dozen like it elsewhere in the country. But by then, much had changed.

In an effort to improve the health of the pupils, institutions began moving out of cities in the late 1800s. Superintendents, most of whom were physicians, not educators, had begun to recognize the benefits of fresh air and exercise, and at their urging, states spent lavishly, purchasing enormous parcels of land on which two- and three-story buildings could be situated at a distance from one another. With additional room came growth, and eventually these institutions housed permanent custodial populations in separate buildings from pupils.

Designed by famed architect William Preston the designer of the very first bungalow the Massachusetts School was one of the finest examples of disability accessible architecture in the world. The school moved from South Boston to Waltham in the late 1880s, and the campus featured state-of-the-art amenities like steam heat, electric light, and water-closets. Pupils slept in large ward rooms, divided by gender, with ample space between the beds.

However, as was the case elsewhere, the funding that states were willing to put into the institutions did not keep pace with needs as the institutions continued to grow. That growth was fueled by misapplications of science, medicine, and testing much of it false which were used to demonize people with disabilities. Institutions were packed with people deemed undesirable. Chronic overcrowding became the norm. The beds were pushed together. Then people slept on floors, in hallways, and in dining halls. Families were discouraged from visiting.

By 1918, with the Massachusetts School leading the way, state schools for the feeble-minded were no longer small or experimental. They housed tens of thousands of people, young and old. People who failed IQ tests or came from poor families. People with cerebral palsy and Down syndrome. Most of them undesirable and all of them in the institution for life.

With the outbreak of World War I, staffing at institutions dropped precipitously. The Massachusetts School had 124 vacancies. The superintendent, Walter Fernald, even sent residents of the institution to serve in the Army to reduce the number of inmates. When the viral outbreak hit, he was not even there. He was out of state, caring for his adult son who was sick with the flu, and would ultimately die.

With doctors still uncertain about even the most fundamental aspects of transmission, infection, and treatment, the disease arrived at the school on September 17 and swept through the crowded wards. Over the next six weeks, patients who were already vulnerable, succumbed, one after another. While the infection rate is estimated to have been 25 percent of the general population, 778 of the 1,600 inmates at the Massachusetts School fell ill.

In one building alone, only 15 of the 189 inmates came through without having caught the flu. Five people were responsible for caring for all of them. With an ailing and diminished staff, the institution turned to the inmates to act as nurses for one another. When the outbreak was done, more than 88 inmates had died, 5.5 percent of the population of the school and more than eight times the mortality rate in the rest of Waltham. Communal bathrooms, crowded and shared living conditions, linked ventilation, and understaffing had hastened the viruss spread and devastated the school.

The Massachusetts School was not alone. The mortality rate at the Wisconsin Home for the Feeble-minded in Chippewa Falls, Wis., was between 4 and 10 percent. There are two reasons for the lack of precision in the data. Like the new coronavirus, little was actually known about fundamental aspects of the disease, and also, nobody cared much to measure its impact on the types of people locked inside.

The same is true today. This week, more than a month into the outbreak in the United States, the CDC was still considering whether or not to keep a separate tally of institutional deaths, even though the same conditions from a century ago have ensured that facilities today are just as dangerous.

In the wake of the 1918 pandemic, institutions weighed what to do. Like many of his colleagues, the superintendent of the Wisconsin School, A.L. Beier, obfuscated what had happened by praising the efforts of the employees in heroic language, rather than as the victims of underfunding and poor planning that they were. Then he downplayed the deaths, and tried to move on.

Looking back in 1920 on deaths at the institution over the previous two years he casually wrote, The mortality rate is somewhat higher than any previous biennial death rate, but if the deaths that were due to influenza were excluded, the rate compares favorably with that of the preceding biennial period. In 1918, deaths from influenza and related respiratory illnesses accounted for more than half the deaths at the institution.

The only change Beier suggested was the construction of a modest quarantine space that could double as a welcome and receiving area for future inmates and their families when there wasnt a quarantine in effect.

Elsewhere there was a similar agreement to look forward rather than make changes to institutional settings. Americans moved forward by looking upon people with disabilities with growing resentment. Eugenics paved the way. Many people felt that healthy young men had gone off to die in the war, depriving America of a generation of their healthy offspring. What we were left with was a degenerate stock of people who were unwanted.

While Fernald was, in the years following the war, avowedly opposed to eugenics, others were not. Their ideas would ultimately make their way into Congress in the form of anti-immigrant laws, then to the Supreme Court and the infamous Buck v. Bell decision that allowed for the sterilization of people with disabilities. Later, it led to genocide in the Holocaust.

Meanwhile, epidemics continued at institutions until the late 1960s, when disability rights activists began pushing for deinstitutionalization and the creation of Centers for Independent Living. When Nobel Laureate John Enders wanted to test the first successful measles vaccine in 1960, he ran the trial at the Massachusetts School (then re-named the Walter E. Fernald State School) because it was one of the last places in Massachusetts with outbreaks.

Former residents describe the same era as one in which there were consistent lockdowns for yellow jaundice a phrase for hepatitis which ran through the wards. Little was done because leaders refused to accept that institutions could be modified or funded in ways that would end the constant threat of outbreaks. Those modifications included moving away from the use of large buildings, reducing patient populations, increasing staffing, coordinating with state oversight agencies, and creating day-to-day mechanisms for accountability to families. A minority of experienced people suggested something radical that society refused to accept: no long-term care institutions of any kind.

The risk that we will come out of todays pandemic without being open to enacting substantive change is as high as it was in 1918. One difference may be that large numbers of disabled people live outside institutions and are fighting present-day eugenic impulses to cast them aside as undeserving of equipment they need to survive in the interest of saving the coronavirus victims who have been deemed more viable in the long-term.

If we emerge from this crisis without a commitment to dramatically transforming these mindsets, which allow us to segregate and victimize our most vulnerable citizens, we will continue to sacrifice them in every emergency we face. The warning signs come from the fact that the circumstances we see today are so distinctly similar to those of a century ago, howling at us past and present to recognize what does not, and what has not worked.

Alex Green is an adjunct lecturer in public policy at the Harvard Kennedy School and teaches disability history at Gann Academy.

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Just like the coronavirus, the 1918 flu pandemic ravaged group living facilities - The Boston Globe

Forced sterilization a symptom of colonial hangover says lawyer – APTN News

Dennis WardFace to Face More than 100 Indigenous women in Canada have come forward with stories of forced or coerced sterilization and lawyer Alisa Lombard says its nothing new in Canada, nor is it illegal.

I think that the practice of forced sterilization is symptomatic of a colonial hangover. And I think it has a lot to do with eugenics of course, these old ideas that some people should have children and others are not fit to, Lombard told Face to Face. Eugenics was a widely accepted theory not so long ago. It was a theory that was attempted to be brought into legislation in Saskatchewan and only failed by one vote.

It was, in fact, brought into legislation in Alberta and British Columbia.

Lombard is a partner with Saskatchewan based, Semanganis Worme Lombard and is heading up a proposed class action lawsuit representing Indigenous women who have been forced or coerced into sterilization.

Forced sterilization is a procedure more commonly known as getting your tubes tied, but without the proper and informed consent of the woman involved.

Those women, and potentially many more are hoping to have their day in court in an effort to prevent the practice of forced sterilizations from continuing, to find accountability through investigation and receive some form of reparation.

Lombard feels forced sterilization is just one more indication of systemic racism within the healthcare sector.

According to Lombard, those in positions of authority feel they should make decisions make life changing, body altering decisions on behalf of those who they think wont.

The practice, and the efforts to stop it have garnered international attention.

Lombard presented to the United Nations Committee Against Torture in Geneva, Switzerland.

The UN Committee issued a number of recommendations to the Canadian government, including investigating the practice, punishing those who perform it and providing reparations to those who have undergone the procedure.

In our clients view, whatever Canada has done is wholly inadequate and really not measured to the seriousness of the violations that are at stake here, said Lombard.

The United Nations Committee Against Torture unequivocally called for sterilization or sterilization without consent a form of torture and cruel and degrading treatment and so its our clients position that such terrible treatment, such egregious treatment requires some responses that are measured to the harms.

The practice of forced sterilization was also mentioned numerous time in the final report of the National Inquiry into Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women and Girls.

In the report, the commissioners wrote, the forced sterilization of women represents directed state violence against Indigenous women, and contributes to the dehumanization and objectification of Indigenous women, girls, and 2SLGBTQQIA people.

The final report pointed to forced sterilization as one of Canadas genocidal acts of conduct, something Lombard agrees with.

According to Lombard, the theft of an Indigenous womans ability to give birth and the ability to pass on rights and title, culture and language says to her the life of Indigenous women, children and families simply arent worth protecting.

Lombard said the goals of the proposed class action lawsuit are to ensure no woman is subjected to forced sterilization but there is, of course, a desire for reparations.

This practice has destroyed families, has destroyed marriages, has caused siblings to wonder why they dont have more siblings, has affected the self concept of our clients as women, as Indigenous women, as life givers in their nation. And so, although there is no amount of money that can truly compensate them for the pain that they endured, and that they continue to endure both mentally, physically, emotionally and spiritually, a form of reparation is necessary, said Lombard.

dward@aptn.ca

@denniswardnews

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Forced sterilization a symptom of colonial hangover says lawyer - APTN News

Some elderly and disabled people may be culled, yet the queen will keep on going – The Canary

As the queen prepares to address the nation on Sunday 5 April, some people are asking a difficult question. Because with the growing scandal around social care amid the coronavirus (Covid-19) pandemic, theres a huge discrepancy between whats happening to the royal family and many of our elderly or disabled relatives. Its called a DNR (Do Not Resuscitate).

As Red and Green Action tweeted:

A DNR notice is something medical professionals use. It can be issued with or without a patients consent; the latter when the patient is deemed unable to make a decision themselves under the Mental Capacity Act. In short, a DNR is placed on a person when doctors think trying to save a persons life would be unsuccessful. It also happens when attempts at resuscitation may leave the person more sick or disabled than they originally were; brain-damaged, for example.

For some people, DNRs are controversial. There have been countless cases where families did not know a loved one had a DNR. Moreover, they pose ethical questions about the value of human life in some situations. But since the coronavirus pandemic took hold, DNRs have sparked yet more outrage.

As BBC News reported, one Clinical Commissioning Group (CCG) in Brighton and Hove has written to care homes for elderly people. It stated that:

frail elderly people do not respond to the sort of intensive treatment required for the lung complications of coronavirus

We may therefore recommend that in the event of coronavirus infection, hospital admission is undesirable.

It also told care homes to:

check they have resuscitation [DNR] orders on every patient

In other words, the CCG seems to be suggesting care home residents who get coronavirus should be left to die. But this story doesnt appear to be isolated. There have been reports of similar things happening in Wales and Leeds. Moreover, it also seems that increased use of DNRs is not just restricted to elderly people.

As the Guardian first reported, a Welsh GP practice sent out a DNR request letter to all coronavirus high-risk patients. It targeted people with incurable cancer, neurological conditions, and untreatable heart and lung conditions. The use of neurological conditions in the letter is of particular concern. This is because official government guidance states that high-risk neurological conditions include:

Some people with illnesses such as motor neurone disease will indeed see a worsening of quality of life if doctors attempted resuscitation. There have been court cases in the UK where motor neurone patients have fought for their right to die. But for many, including learning disabled people, their conditions are not immediately life-threatening. So it seems odd at best that doctors would be issuing this advice. But at worst, it seems scandalous that non-life threatening conditions have been merged with terminal ones.

On social media, the cases of people claiming doctors have issued DNRs without patient consent are growing:

Andrew Cannon highlighted the fact that doctors were placing DNRs on people even when they legally had mental capacity:

And as Helen Ashby said:

Its important to note that some of the reasoning behind these DNRs is that the NHS will not cope with many more severely ill people. Much of this is probably due to a decade of government cuts to services and staff. And while at present, this may seem like its only isolated cases, the stress its already putting on some families is unacceptable.

Damian Wilsons daughter is disabled. As he wrote for RTUK:

In the UK, DNR paperwork effectively throws the choice back to the patient, urging them to choose to die rather than risk being a burden to the health service.

Before the pandemic, Wilson decided to take legal control of his daughters financial affairs, but not her health ones. Now, because he does not have a say over her health, he is concerned about what will happen to her if she gets sick with coronavirus. As he wrote:

if my daughter contracts Covid-19 and is admitted to hospital, then who will make the decisions needed on her behalf? Legally, we, her parents, have no say about how she will be treated. We may not even be allowed to be with her.

So, it seems Downing Streets adviser Dominic Cummings alleged comments about letting the old people die have taken on another sinister twist. And while we may not know whether the Queen has a DNR notice on her, we can probably make an educated guess she hasnt. Coronavirus may not discriminate about who it infects. But the UK healthcare system certainly does over who has a right to live or die if they get it.

Featured image via UK Home Office Flickr

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Some elderly and disabled people may be culled, yet the queen will keep on going - The Canary

No One Retires Anymore – TownandCountrymag.com

Andersen Ross Photography Inc

People once yearned for retirement. They would hope to quit at 65, get a gold watcha dubious gift for someone who no longer has a scheduleand move someplace warm to play golf and eat dinner at an increasingly early hour. During the first tech bubble, young entrepreneurs cashed out and retired before 40, drifting off into travel, philanthropy, and the occasional vanity project. Everyone planned to retire. The contest was who could do it earliest.

Today, a tumbling stock market might have upset the plans of the millennials of the FIRE (financial independence, retire early) movement. But the secret weapon for some of the world's most successful people is that retirement was never an option.

When Jayson Adams retired in 1997 at 29, after selling his company Netcode to Netscape for more money than he would ever need, his plan was to spend the rest of his years surfing and playing guitar. When I ran into him a few months back, it was at the Google offices in Santa Monica. Where he was working.

Gary Hershorn

No one chooses to retire anymore if they can help it. Warren Buffett, whose personal net worth is more than $90 billion, is 89 and still working. Henry Kissinger, 96, runs a consulting firm that advises world leaders by drawing on his extensive knowledge of human history, most of which he has lived through. Elaine May, 87, could rest on her beloved-comic laurels but is instead gearing up to direct her first feature film in 32 years. New York Post gossip columnist Cindy Adams, 89, will surely call her when it comes out. Sheldon Adelson, 86, not only runs the Venetian hotels, he also advises our President Trump, who is 73.

This coming November that president is likely to run against a 77-year-old Joe Biden or a 78-year-old Bernie Sanders. Rupert Murdoch, who packages all of this as blood sport, is 88. Robert Caro, 84, is rushing to finish his Lyndon Johnson biography before his own biographer gets to work, and Netflix recently scooped up the rights to a movie starring 85-year-old Sophia Loren. When I had lunch with Carl Reiner, 98, at his house not long ago, he brought me upstairs to a room where he toiled with two employees on several books he was writing.

Graydon Carter, 70, left Vanity Fair in 2017 and started spending part of the year in Provence, but he didnt take up petanque, he started the new weekly publication Air Mail. His advice? First of all, never, ever, actually retireat least not in the not-working, checkered golf pants, Republican-voting, dinner at 5 p.m. sense of the word. Cut back on your workthats a must. And leave plenty of time for reading and mulling a final chapter. When Miuccia Prada, 70, recently announced that Raf Simons was to be her cocreative director, she was adamant that it wasnt a prelude to retirement. Oh no, she said, to do better, to work harderIm very interested in this.

Never, ever, actually retire. Cut back on your workthats a must. And leave plenty of time for reading and mulling a final chapter. Graydon Carter

All of these people have enough money to retire. Which is, oddly, the norm for people who keep working past 70. While the age at which Americans intend to retire has indeed gone up by six years over the last two and a half decades, to 66, according to Gallup polls, most of that change comes among college graduates. Four decades ago people with a BA retired six months later than people who had only a high school diploma. Now theres a three-year disparity.

Retirement has become so uncool that more than a third of the members of AARP are still working. Which is why the lobbying group officially changed its name in 1999 from the American Association of Retired Persons to an acronym that doesnt stand for anything. In fact, when AARP CEO Jo Ann Jenkins was asked by the Washington Post for her advice about retirement, she said, My first piece of advice is: Dont retire.

Its as if the NRA declared that hunting knives are where its at.

Thats because work isnt merely what successful people do, its who they are. If you ask most people how theyre doing, theyll say fine, but if you ask a member of the cosmopolitan elite, shell say busy. In our brief moments of not working, we are listening to audiobooks while getting our steps in. We dont sit by a pool. We dont play card games. We dont golf. We crush it.

I cannot imagine ever chilling under a mango tree. I get much more joy from my work than from cruising in the South of France, says Arianna Huffington, who is 69 and started a new company, Thrive Global, four years ago. But others may get more fulfillment from cruising or golfing. And there is absolutely nothing wrong with that. Except, of course, that they are losers who are never getting invited to Davos.

Age 89

Warren BuffetOCCUPATION: Omahas oracle is at Berkshire Hathaway dailyand has chicken nuggets for l.

Age 70

Miuccia PradaOCCUPATION: The designer recently took on partner Raf Simons, but not to lighten her workload. Instead, she said, it was to work harder.

Age 98

Carl ReinerOCCUPATION: Comedian, director, and Twitter must-follow Reiner isnt resting on his laurelshes busy writing books.

Age 89

Cindy AdamsOCCUPATION: New Yorks gossip queen not only writes a column four times a week, shes about to be the subject of a Showtime series.

Age 77

Judith SheindlinOCCUPATION: Sheindlin is wrapping up Judge Judy after 25 years, but she isnt ditching her robes. She plans to launch a new series in 2021.

Age 96

Henry KissingerOCCUPATION: The elder statesman of American diplomacy is still active in foreign policy circles and on the New York City society circuit.

Age 85

Sophia LorenOCCUPATION: The 1960 hit Two Women was Lorens breakthrough. This year Netflix will air her latest, The Life Ahead, directed by her son.

Huffington points out that the word retire means to withdraw or retreat. Not only dont the elite retreat, they have nothing to retreat into. Even if theyre wrong, people dont feel as though they have time in life to have avocations, says Laura L. Carstensen, director of Stanford Universitys Center of Longevity. Theres a big drop in how much time we spend with our neighbors. Were less socially engaged in our communities. So people think, What would I do? Because theyve done nothing else for 40 years.

The transition is so tough that the Harvard School of Public Health found that retirees are 40 percent more likely to have a heart attack or stroke during the first year of retirement than people who keep working.

Cavan Images

When 27-year-old Alfonso Cobo sold Unfold, the social media template tool he co-founded, to Squarespace at the end of last year for enough money to last at least a lifetime, he didnt consider so much as a weekend at the beach. Id honestly do it for fun, Cobo says about his job. He swears hell never retire. Id rather work than go clubbing.

Sterling McDavid, a 31-year-old former Goldman Sachs analyst who co-founded the fashion line Burnett New York, tells her employees that shell never retire. It honestly gives me total anxiety, she says. Sitting on the beach with my pia colada? I can barely do that on vacation. Retiring at 65 and thinking I had to do that for 30 years? I cant imagine.

Her dad, David McDavid, a 78-year-old former co-owner of the Dallas Mavericks, retired young. For a month. Then he started a new business. Sterling says that both she and her dad learned a lesson during that time. You have only one life, she says, and shes going to spend as much of it as she can working.

NBC

The privileged members of society have never embraced being idle; knowledge economy workers disgust at idleness is the same thing that every aristocracy has felt. Landed gentry didnt technically work, because paid work was awful: hoeing, manuring, smithing. But they did spend their time productively, doing things that are jobs today. They were naturalists, geographers, historians, writers, artists, harpsichordists, and, from what I remember from The Cherry Orchard, billiard players. To cease to contribute was to concede that you werent important. It meant you werent busy.

I do have one friend who retired at 40 eight years ago and has kept to it. Ive heard about these people who cant seem to walk away from work, fearing irrelevance and boredom, he says. Fortunately, Im not one of them. I guess my career was just a small facet of my identity.

My friend is a throwback to his parents generation. Carstensen points out that the retirement age dropped unnaturally in the second half of the 20th century, back when Goldman partners famously got out young. People kept retiring earlier and earlier. There was a culture of boasting about retiring early, Carstensen says. That has really changed. Some of it is discovering that you can play only so many rounds of golf in a week for so many years without realizing youre bored.

kafl

The most successful non-retirer of all time may be Norman Lear. Last fall, Lear, 97, reupped his first-look deal at Sony for another three years. Hes got a show on Pop TV (One Day at a Time), he won an Emmy last year for Live in Front of a Studio Audience (which ABC renewed for two more specials), and he has several other projects in development. If retirement were a game, it would be one that Lear was never asked to play.

I cant imagine not having a place like this to come to with people I care about to talk about things that interest me, Lear says from his office on the Sony lot. He thinks so little about retirement that a sitcom pilot he created was called Guess Who Died?.

The fallout from this trend could be a more difficult job market. While the likes of Elon Musk and Andrew Yang worry that robots will take our jobs, they will much more likely be taken by dotards who refuse to retire. To keep the unemployment rate from skyrocketing, Stanfords Carstensen advocates that people of every age work fewer, more flexible hours. I could see us going to 30-hour or even 25-hour workweeks without this idea that were going to retire for 25 years, she says.

Carstensen knows firsthand how tight the job market could be if we dont do this, but shes not going anywhere. Shes 66, and shes tenured.

This story appears in the May 2020 issue of Town & Country.

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No One Retires Anymore - TownandCountrymag.com