Federal Watchdog Says Coronavirus Whistle-Blower Should Be Reinstated as It Investigates – The New York Times

WASHINGTON A federal investigative office has found reasonable grounds to believe that the Trump administration was retaliating against a whistle-blower, Dr. Rick Bright, when he was ousted from a government research agency combating the coronavirus and said he should be reinstated for 45 days while it investigates, his lawyers said Friday.

The lawyers, Debra S. Katz and Lisa J. Banks, said in a statement that they were notified late Thursday afternoon that the Office of Special Counsel, which protects whistle-blowers, had made a threshold determination that the Department of Health and Human Services violated the Whistleblower Protection Act by removing Dr. Bright from his position because he made protected disclosures in the best interest of the American public.

The finding comes just days after the lawyers filed a whistle-blower complaint saying that Dr. Brights removal last month as head of the Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority was payback. They said Dr. Bright, who was reassigned to a narrower job at the National Institutes of Health, had tried to expose cronyism and corruption at the Department of Health and Human Services while pressing for a more robust coronavirus response and opposing the stockpiling of antimalaria drugs championed by President Trump.

It will now be up to the secretary of health and human services, Alex M. Azar II, to decide whether to send Dr. Bright back to BARDA during the Office of Special Counsel inquiry.

If Mr. Azar refuses, Dr. Brights complaint would ordinarily be sent to the Merit Systems Protection Board, an independent quasi-federal agency charged with deciding claims of whistle-blower reprisal. But the Senate has not confirmed Mr. Trumps nominees to the board, leaving it with no members. A frequently asked questions document about the lack of members has been removed from the boards website.

Dr. Bright should not be denied the right to have his complaint investigated fully and fairly before he is formally transferred to N.I.H. a move that will harm not only him, but the country as well, the lawyers statement said. This country is in an unprecedented health crisis and needs the expertise of Dr. Bright to lead the nations efforts to combat Covid-19. A spokeswoman for the Health and Human Services Department, Caitlin Oakley, declined to say what Mr. Azar would do.

This is a personnel matter that is currently under review, she said. However, H.H.S. strongly disagrees with the allegations and characterizations in the complaint from Dr. Bright.

Ms. Banks and Ms. Katz said it was a common occurrence for agencies to heed the Office of Special Counsels requests to stay personnel actions when it finds evidence that retaliation occurred. In its budget request to Congress for the 2021 fiscal year, the office reported negotiating 31 stays with federal agencies in the last year and said it had achieved 27 disciplinary actions, upholding accountability and sending a clear message that the government does not tolerate whistle-blower reprisals.

Dr. Bright is scheduled to testify next week before a House panel led by Representative Anna G. Eshoo, Democrat of California, who helped create BARDA and has called for an investigation into his removal. Ms. Eshoo has said she would also like to hear from Dr. Robert P. Kadlec, the assistant secretary for preparedness and response, and Mr. Azar.

The special counsels finding is a first step but a victory nonetheless for Dr. Bright, who was transferred to N.I.H., he has said, after he tried to put controls on the use of a malaria drug, hydroxychloroquine, that Mr. Trump had heralded as a treatment for the coronavirus but was unproven for that use.

In his 89-page complaint, Dr. Bright said his boss at the Health and Human Services Department, Dr. Kadlec, repeatedly pressured him to steer millions of dollars worth of contracts to the clients of a well-connected consultant. He also described what he called opposition from department superiors including Mr. Azar when he pushed as early as January for the necessary resources to develop drugs and vaccines to counter the emerging coronavirus pandemic.

John Clerici, the health care consultant singled out, has said the allegations are baseless. Dr. Kadlec and Mr. Azar have not responded directly, though Mr. Trump has called Dr. Bright disgruntled.

On Tuesday, after Dr. Brights complaint was filed, Ms. Oakley, the spokeswoman for the Department of Health and Human Services, said that Dr. Bright had been transferred to N.I.H. to work on diagnostics testing critical to combating Covid-19 where he has been entrusted to spend upward of $1 billion to advance that effort.

We are deeply disappointed that he has not shown up to work on behalf of the American people and lead on this critical endeavor, she added.

Dr. Bright, an influenza expert, ran BARDA for nearly four years. The tiny agency, created in 2006 as a response to the Sept. 11, 2001, attacks, teams up with industry in developing medical countermeasures that can be stockpiled by the federal government to combat biological or chemical attacks and pandemic threats.

BARDA has spent billions of dollars on contracts with dozens of different suppliers, including major pharmaceutical companies and smaller biotechnology firms. In February, it awarded $456 million to Janssen Pharmaceuticals, a part of Johnson & Johnson, to develop a coronavirus vaccine.

In a brief statement when the whistle-blower complaint was filed, Dr. Bright said the last several years of working under Dr. Kadlec, who became his boss after Mr. Trump became president, had been beyond challenging.

Time after time, I was pressured to ignore or dismiss expert scientific recommendations and instead to award lucrative contracts based on political connections, Dr. Bright said.

The tensions between the two culminated last month when Dr. Bright, alarmed at the administrations push to make the malaria drug widely available, leaked emails to a reporter for Reuters. Dr. Bright was removed in days.

I believe this transfer was in response to my insistence that the government invest the billions of dollars allocated by Congress to address the Covid-19 pandemic into safe and scientifically vetted solutions, and not in drugs, vaccines and other technologies that lack scientific merit, he said in a statement at that time. I am speaking out because to combat this deadly virus, science not politics or cronyism has to lead the way.

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Federal Watchdog Says Coronavirus Whistle-Blower Should Be Reinstated as It Investigates - The New York Times

The coronavirus appears to have mutated. What does that mean for contagiousness? – NBC News

A new study has sparked fears that the coronavirus has mutated to become more contagious, but experts say there is no evidence these changes make it any more dangerous or transmissible than it already is.

"Viruses mutate all the time, [and] most mutations have no significance even if they spread," said Adriana Heguy, director of the Genome Technology Center at New York University, who was not involved with the research.

Full coverage of the coronavirus outbreak

The study was posted on the preprint server bioRxiv on April 30. Preprints are studies that have not undergone the rigorous peer-review process required for publication in medical or scientific journals. In the rush to share new research on COVID-19, many scientists have been sharing their work online before undergoing the full review process.

The authors, who included researchers from the Los Alamos National Laboratory in New Mexico, analyzed the genetic sequences of samples of the virus gathered worldwide, zeroing in on a mutation called D614G.

"We were concerned that if the D614G mutation can increase transmissibility," the study authors wrote, "it might also impact severity of disease."

The corresponding author at the Los Alamos National Laboratory did not respond to an interview request from NBC News.

The hypothesis is concerning for a virus that has already infected millions and is responsible for more than 260,000 deaths worldwide.

But outside experts were quick to point out that changes in viruses especially coronaviruses are common, and may mean nothing at all.

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Dr. Gregory Poland, director of the Mayo Clinic's Vaccine Research Group in Rochester, Minnesota, explained viral mutations using the analogy of an automobile.

"If the mutation takes out your carburetor, the car can no longer operate," Poland said. "On the other hand, if the mutation changes one spark plug, the car can still operate."

What's unclear is whether the D614G mutation slows or speeds the viral "car" or, in fact, does nothing.

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Heguy said the D614G mutation had already been identified in viral sequences from around the globe, particularly in Europe.

The researchers "used that for their model to see if there was an indication that this particular mutation ... would make it more transmissible. According to their model, it is possible," Heguy said. "Having said that, it is only a model."

That is, models only reflect what could possibly happen in the future. Scientists have not found the virus has evolved to become any more dangerous or deadly in people.

Mutations are common in viruses, but the coronavirus "so far has been pretty darn stable with little mutations around the edges," Dr. William Schaffner, an infectious diseases expert at the Vanderbilt University Medical Center in Nashville, said.

"That's what these investigators are looking at," Schaffner said. "They're trying to determine whether these little mutations have implications for how well it's transmitted." But, there is "no evidence that this is happening that I can see clinically," he added.

Dr. Robert Gallo, the co-founder and director of the Institute of Human Virology at the University of Maryland School of Medicine, said "the paper, I believe, is a strong paper by a quality group."

But, he said, "no conclusions can be made about biology or functionality" of the virus based on this study.

While the research may not be reflective of any impact on patients, scientists say it's still incredibly useful as a way to track how the virus acts over time.

Poland noted that experts tracking the virus through its genetic sequencing have found that while it is changing, it's not doing so very quickly.

"Unlike influenza, this virus accumulates mutations more slowly, which is a good thing," he said. "It gives us time to track it and to understand what's happening."

Rapidly mutating viruses make it more difficult for researchers to develop vaccines. Flu vaccines, for example, are notoriously difficult to get right because the various strains of influenza have a tendency to change and mutate quickly.

If this virus were to follow suit, it might mean trouble for ongoing COVID-19 vaccine research.

"It's possible that you'll get vaccines early enough and quick enough to prevent [a person's] first infection with the coronavirus," Gallo said. "We may look like heroes that stop this early on."

But, if the virus mutates too much, and the vaccine proves to be a poor match to future strains of the coronavirus, "we may be chasing our tail like with influenza. And that's not a bright prospect with a virus that is already so infectious."

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Erika Edwards is a health and medical news writer and reporter for NBC News and "TODAY."

Tonya Bauer and Judy Silverman contributed.

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The coronavirus appears to have mutated. What does that mean for contagiousness? - NBC News

The Amazon’s gateway city is struggling to battle the coronavirus – CNN

The tragedy highlights the massive healthcare crisis facing this city, the capital of the northwestern state of Amazonas, and the strain on local institutions' ability to contain the coronavirus.

Officials have attributed just 532 deaths to Covid-19 in Manaus, but the actual total is likely much higher. City data shows that 2,435 people were buried in April alone, compared with 871 burials during the same month a year ago. Shocking images have also emerged of excavators digging mass graves at the Parque Taruma cemetery, to accommodate the spike in burials.

Manaus mayor Arthur Virgilio Neto told CNN Brasil he feels the city has been "abandoned" during the health crisis. "I would like to create awareness around the world because I can't seem to get Brazil to wake up to the strategic importance of my state and my region," Neto said.

Overcrowded hospitals

The pandemic has left many of the city's public hospitals overcrowded with nowhere to treat patients, doctors in Manaus told CNN Brasil. They also said overcrowding made it challenging to isolate those who may be presenting Covid-19 symptoms.

Torres says his 69-year-old grandfather was placed in the same hospital room with at least two people who appeared to be suffering from coronavirus symptoms, after his blood pressure shot up during a minor surgical procedure.

His death certificate later confirmed he had died from complications from Covid-19, according to Torres. Though he was not tested before hospitalization, Torres said his grandfather had not shown any symptoms consistent with coronavirus before entering the hospital and believes he caught the virus while in intensive care.

Now, his main concern is keeping his grandmother safe. "My grandmother is also a part of this at-risk group, so she's now our main concern," Esron said.

Sandra, another Manaus resident, shared a similar story. CNN agreed to use only her first name because of the sensitive details she shared.

Sitting outside a different public hospital, she said her mother had been checked-in after suffering a stroke. When her mother started displaying some symptoms consistent with Covid-19, she was moved into a room with people who had tested positive for the virus.

"She is lying in there surrounded by people who have that Covid disease. They are all mixed together in the emergency room," Sandra said, as she yelled outside the hospital and fought back tears. "There are people in there with the virus who are contaminating others."

Tests later showed she had contracted coronavirus. Sandra believes she was infected while she was hospitalized, although this could not be confirmed by CNN.

'No rules or norms'

Dr. Mrio Vianna, the president of the Amazonas Doctors' Union, said hospital maternity wards have become high-risk areas for the spread of coronavirus infections.

"The maternity wards became one of the main areas for infections because there isn't an isolation plan," Vianna told CNN Brasil. "There are no rules or norms for isolation."

Vianna also said doctors are being exposed to the coronavirus, due to low staffing levels and lack of personal protection equipment (PPE), and that many go to work in fear of dying or of losing colleagues.

"Lives are being lost due to the incompetence of several authorities," Vianna said. "I blame the deaths of healthcare professionals on the government, which didn't provide any protections. It's a criminal situation."

The Health Ministry did not respond to CNN's questions on whether doctors were ill-equipped to handle the pandemic.

Vianna himself tested positive for coronavirus on April 21st and recently appeared in a hospital bed, with breathing tubes in his nostrils during a May 1st video message of support to fellow medical workers.

'Stay home'

The gravity of the pandemic has not always been publicly acknowledged by Brazil's top leadership.

President Jair Bolsonaro has compared the coronavirus to a "little flu," pressured governors and mayors to lift quarantine measures in order to boost the economy and has attended rallies and protests in Brasilia with massive crowds of supporters.

On Tuesday, Bolsonaro predicted that Health Ministry data would show that "the worst had passed." In fact, that national death toll announced later that day was the highest on record. On Wednesday, it rose again.

Mayor Neto said that he thinks the worst is still ahead, predicting that infections could peak in Manaus in May.

Manaus is globally known as the gateway to the Amazon rainforest region, and Neto has called on world leaders and climate activists, including Greta Thunberg, for help. In a video posted to his personal Twitter account, Neto asked Thunberg to help bring awareness to the situation in Manaus. Thunberg retweeted a photo on May 5th showing mass graves in Manaus to her 4.1 million followers with the hashtag #SOSAMAZONIA.

Health Minister Nelson Teich traveled to Manaus on Monday, where he visited several hospitals and met with local authorities, including Neto. The Health Ministry on Monday said it hired and brought in 267 medical professionals to support the city's health teams. The Ministry also provided additional PPE, including N95 masks, goggles and hand sanitizers.

To date, Brazil has confirmed more than 125,000 coronavirus cases and at least 8,536 deaths. At least 9,243 of these cases have been registered in the state of Amazonas, with more than half of those cases in Manaus, according to the latest data released by the state's health secretary.

CNN's Alessandra Castelli in Atlanta and CNN's Shasta Darlington in So Paulo contributed to this report

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The Amazon's gateway city is struggling to battle the coronavirus - CNN

What kind of face mask will best protect you against coronavirus? – The Guardian

Does it matter what sort of mask you wear?

Yes. Different types of mask offer different levels of protection. Surgical grade N95 respirators offer the highest level of protection, preventing the user from becoming infected with Covid-19, followed by surgical grade masks. However, these masks are costly, in limited supply, contribute to landfill waste and are uncomfortable to wear for long periods. So even countries that have required the public to wear face masks have generally suggested such masks should be reserved for health workers or those at particularly high risk.

The evidence on the protective value of single-use paper masks or reusable cloth coverings is less clear, but still suggests that face masks can contribute to reducing transmission of Covid-19. Analysis this week by the Royal Society said this included homemade cloth face masks.

The evidence on any mask use, outside of surgical masks, is still emerging: there appears to be some benefit, but the exact parameters of which masks are the best and the extent to which they protect the wearer or those around them are still being figured out. A tighter fitting around the face is probably better, but the CDC suggests any covering, including a bandana, is better than none.

R, or the 'effective reproduction number', is a way of rating a diseases ability to spread. Its the average number of people on to whom one infected person will pass the virus. For an R of anything above 1, an epidemic will grow exponentially. Anything below 1 and an outbreak will fizzle out eventually.

At the start of the coronavirus pandemic, the estimated R for coronavirus was between 2 and 3 higher than the value for seasonal flu, but lower than for measles. That means each person would pass it on to between two and three people on average, before either recovering or dying, and each of those people would pass it on to a further two to three others, causing the total number of cases to snowball over time.

The reproduction number is not fixed, though. It depends on the biology of the virus; people's behaviour, such as social distancing;and a populations immunity.

Hannah DevlinScience correspondent

One US study investigated which household materials best removed particles of 0.3-1.0 microns in diameter, the typical size of viruses and bacteria, and concluded that good options include vacuum cleaner bags, heavyweight quilters cotton or multiple layers of material. Scarves and bandana material were less effective, but still captured a fraction of particles.

Before putting on a mask, clean your hands well with soap and water. Cover the mouth and nose with your mask and make sure there are no gaps between your face and the mask. Avoid touching the mask while using it and, if you do, wash your hands. Replace the mask when it is damp. To remove your mask, take it off using the elastic tags, without touching the front and discard immediately into a closed bin or, if the mask is reusable, directly into the washing machine.

They should be washed after each use. The US Center for Disease Control suggests routinely.

Many commercially available masks are made from layers of plastics and are designed to be single-use. According to an analysis by scientists at University College London, if every person in the UK used one single-use mask each day for a year, an extra 66,000 tonnes of contaminated plastic waste would be created. The use of reusable masks by the general population would significantly reduce plastic waste and the climate change impact of any policy requirements for the wearing of face masks, according to the UCL team, led by Prof Mark Miodownik. They say that according to the best evidence, reusable masks perform most of the tasks of single-use masks without the associated waste stream.

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What kind of face mask will best protect you against coronavirus? - The Guardian

New evidence indicates coronavirus was infecting people in Europe and the US before the first official cases were reported – CNN

Researcher Francois Balloux of the University College London Genetics Institute and his colleagues in the United Kingdom pulled viral sequences from a giant global database that scientists around the world are using to share data.

They looked at samples taken at different times and from different places, and said they indicate that the virus began infecting people at the end of 2019.

"Our results are in line with previous estimates and point to all sequences sharing a common ancestor towards the end of 2019, supporting this as the period when SARS-CoV-2 jumped into its human host," the team wrote in a report, published in the journal Infection, Genetics and Evolution.

Balloux told CNN his team is "really, really, really confident" about when the host jumped.

They also found genetic evidence that supports suspicions the virus was infecting people in Europe, the United States and elsewhere weeks or even months before the first official cases were reported in January and February.

One US community is checking to see whether there were cases there that went undiagnosed in 2019.

In Chicago, the Cook County Medical Examiner's Office said it will review deaths involving heart attacks and pneumonia for indications of Covid-19 as far back as November, Cook County spokesperson Natalia Derevyanny told CNN.

The first known coronavirus death in the county was March 16.

The office will look at viral pneumonia cases along with heart attacks caused by arteries being blocked (arterial thrombosis), as opposed to cases brought on by heart failure.

"The goal is to see if this virus was present before we knew of it," Derevyanny said.

While Derevyanny called the decision to look back to November an arbitrary timeframe, if a positive case is discovered it will prompt the office to look back even further.

The investigation may include additional testing of preserved tissue samples, Derevyanny said.

Cuomo: It comes down to how much you value life

New York Gov. Andrew Cuomo on Tuesday said debates on how soon states should ease social distancing restrictions come down to the value of human life -- and that policymakers are avoiding saying so explicitly.

"The fundamental question, which we're not articulating, is how much is a human life worth?" Cuomo said at a news conference.

"The faster we reopen, the lower the economic cost. But, the higher the human cost, because (of) more lives lost," Cuomo said in a news conference. "That ... is the decision we are really making."

But easing restrictions now may come with a heavy price.

"It's the balance of something that's a very difficult choice," Dr. Anthony Fauci, the country's leading infectious disease expert, told CNN Monday night. "How many deaths and how much suffering are you willing to accept to get back to what you want to be some form of normality, sooner rather than later?"

At least 42 states will have eased restrictions by Sunday, ranging from simply opening state parks to allowing some businesses to restart. That includes California -- the first state to implement a sweeping stay-at-home order -- where some stores will be allowed to reopen this week.

So far, the US has recorded more than 1,200,000 infections and at least 71,043 deaths.

Poll: Majority prioritizes preventing illness over economy

A majority of Americans who answered a Monmouth University poll, meanwhile, indicated they prioritize preventing illnesses over long-term economic concerns.

In the poll, conducted Thursday though Monday, adults were asked which should be the more important factor in deciding whether to lift outbreak restrictions -- ensuring as few people as possible get sick from the coronavirus, or ensuring the economy doesn't enter a deep and lengthy downturn.

About 56% answered the former; 33% said the latter; 9% said both equally. The poll of 808 adults in the United States has a margin of error of +/- 3.5 percentage points, Monmouth said Tuesday.

More vaccine candidates tested in the US

Researchers continue to race for a potential coronavirus vaccine -- and another group of candidates is being tested on people in the United States.

US pharmaceutical giant Pfizer and German biotechnology company BioNTech have begun testing four coronavirus vaccine candidates in humans in New York and Maryland, the companies said Tuesday.

The first stage of the US trial will enroll up to 360 healthy adults, starting with ages 18 to 55 and eventually including ages 65 to 85, the companies said.

These companies aren't the first with a vaccine program this far along.

The World Health Organization says 108 potential Covid-19 vaccines are in development around the world -- up from 102 on April 30. Eight of the potential vaccine programs have been approved for clinical trials, WHO says.

How governors are moving forward

California was one of the states where crowds gathered over the weekend as thousands of protesters descended on the state's Capitol and an Orange County beach to protest social distancing orders.

The governor on Monday announced retail shops in the state -- including clothing stores, florists and bookstores -- can begin to reopen Friday, after health officials said the state was meeting important metrics including sufficient test and tracing capacity.

Los Angeles Mayor Eric Garcetti said he didn't think his city would reopen this week, saying Monday that despite the governor's announcement, different parts of the state may see different timelines for reopening.

In Michigan, Gov. Gretchen Whitmer said the lockdown will continue "until at least May 15," warning that reopening the state too soon could lead to a second shutdown.

Reeves' plan also allows dining service in restaurants, as long as the institutions follow guidelines provided by the state, including a mandatory deep cleaning.

"I don't want to wait if there are steps that we believe we can safely take now to ease the burden on Mississippians fighting this virus," he said.

Protests against masks

CNN's Frederick Pleitgen, Jacqueline Howard, Elizabeth Cohen and Jennifer Henderson contributed to this report.

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New evidence indicates coronavirus was infecting people in Europe and the US before the first official cases were reported - CNN

New Studies Add to Evidence that Children May Transmit the Coronavirus – The New York Times

Among the most important unanswered questions about Covid-19 is this: What role do children play in keeping the pandemic going?

Fewer children seem to get infected by the coronavirus than adults, and most of those who do have mild symptoms, if any. But do they pass the virus on to adults and continue the chain of transmission?

The answer is key to deciding whether and when to reopen schools, a step that President Trump urged states to consider before the summer.

Two new studies offer compelling evidence that children can transmit the virus. Neither proved it, but the evidence was strong enough to suggest that schools should be kept closed for now, many epidemiologists who were not involved in the research said.

Many other countries, including Israel, Finland, France, Germany, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom have all either reopened schools or are considering doing so in the next few weeks.

In some of those countries, the rate of community transmission is low enough to take the risk. But in others, including the United States, reopening schools may nudge the epidemics reproduction number the number of new infections estimated to stem from a single case, commonly referred to as R0 to dangerous levels, epidemiologists warned after reviewing the results from the new studies.

In one study, published last week in the journal Science, a team analyzed data from two cities in China Wuhan, where the virus first emerged, and Shanghai and found that children were about a third as susceptible to coronavirus infection as adults were. But when schools were open, they found, children had about three times as many contacts as adults, and three times as many opportunities to become infected, essentially evening out their risk.

Based on their data, the researchers estimated that closing schools is not enough on its own to stop an outbreak, but it can reduce the surge by about 40 to 60 percent and slow the epidemics course.

My simulation shows that yes, if you reopen the schools, youll see a big increase in the reproduction number, which is exactly what you dont want, said Marco Ajelli, a mathematical epidemiologist who did the work while at the Bruno Kessler Foundation in Trento, Italy.

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The second study, by a group of German researchers, was more straightforward. The team tested children and adults and found that children who test positive harbor just as much virus as adults do sometimes more and so, presumably, are just as infectious.

Are any of these studies definitive? The answer is No, of course not, said Jeffrey Shaman, an epidemiologist at Columbia University who was not involved in either study. But, he said, to open schools because of some uninvestigated notion that children arent really involved in this, that would be a very foolish thing.

The German study was led by Christian Drosten, a virologist who has ascended to something like celebrity status in recent months for his candid and clear commentary on the pandemic. Dr. Drosten leads a large virology lab in Berlin that has tested about 60,000 people for the coronavirus. Consistent with other studies, he and his colleagues found many more infected adults than children.

The team also analyzed a group of 47 infected children between ages 1 and 11. Fifteen of them had an underlying condition or were hospitalized, but the remaining were mostly free of symptoms. The children who were asymptomatic had viral loads that were just as high or higher than the symptomatic children or adults.

In this cloud of children, there are these few children that have a virus concentration that is sky-high, Dr. Drosten said.

He noted that there is a significant body of work suggesting that a persons viral load tracks closely with their infectiousness. So Im a bit reluctant to happily recommend to politicians that we can now reopen day cares and schools.

Dr. Drosten said he posted his study on his labs website ahead of its peer review because of the ongoing discussion about schools in Germany.

Many statisticians contacted him via Twitter suggesting one or another more sophisticated analysis. His team applied the suggestions, Dr. Drosten said, and even invited one of the statisticians to collaborate.

But the message of the paper is really unchanged by any type of more sophisticated statistical analysis, he said. For the United States to even consider reopening schools, he said, I think its way too early.

In the China study, the researchers created a contact matrix of 636 people in Wuhan and 557 people in Shanghai. They called each of these people and asked them to recall everyone theyd had contact with the day before the call.

They defined a contact as either an in-person conversation involving three or more words or physical touch such as a handshake, and asked for the age of each contact as well as the relationship to the survey participant.

Comparing the lockdown with a baseline survey from Shanghai in 2018, they found that the number of contacts during the lockdown decreased by about a factor of seven in Wuhan and eight in Shanghai.

There was a huge decrease in the number of contacts, Dr. Ajelli said. In both of those places, that explains why the epidemic came under control.

The researchers also had access to a rich data set from Hunan provinces Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Officials in the province traced 7,000 contacts of 137 confirmed cases, observed them over 14 days and tested them for coronavirus infection. They had information not just for people who became ill, but for those who became infected and remained asymptomatic, and for anyone who remained virus-free.

Data from hospitals or from households tend to focus only on people who are symptomatic or severely ill, Dr. Ajelli noted. This kind of data is better.

The researchers stratified the data from these contacts by age and found that children between the ages of 0 and 14 years are about a third less susceptible to coronavirus infection than those ages 15 to 64, and adults 65 or older are more susceptible by about 50 percent.

They also estimated that closing schools can lower the reproduction number again, the estimate of the number of infections tied to a single case by about 0.3; an epidemic starts to grow exponentially once this metric tops 1.

In many parts of the United States, the number is already hovering around 0.8, Dr. Ajelli said. If youre so close to the threshold, an addition of 0.3 can be devastating.

However, some other experts noted that keeping schools closed indefinitely is not just impractical, but may do lasting harm to children.

Jennifer Nuzzo, an epidemiologist at Johns Hopkins Universitys Bloomberg School of Public Health, said the decision to reopen schools cannot be made based solely on trying to prevent transmission.

I think we have to take a holistic view of the impact of school closures on kids and our families, Dr. Nuzzo said. I do worry at some point, the accumulated harms from the measures may exceed the harm to the kids from the virus.

E-learning approaches may temporarily provide children with a routine, but any parent will tell you its not really learning, she said. Children are known to backslide during the summer months, and adding several more months to that might permanently hurt them, and particularly those who are already struggling.

Im not saying we need to absolutely rip off the Band-aid and reopen schools tomorrow, she said, but we have to consider these other endpoints.

Dr. Nuzzo also pointed to a study in the Netherlands, conducted by the Dutch government, which concluded that patients under 20 years play a much smaller role in the spread than adults and the elderly.

But other experts said that study was not well designed because it looked at household transmission. Unless the scientists deliberately tested everyone, they would have noticed and tested only more severe infections which tend to be among adults, said Bill Hanage, an epidemiologist at the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health.

Assumptions that children are not involved in the epidemiology, because they do not have severe illness, are exactly the kind of assumption that you really, really need to question in the face of a pandemic, Dr. Hanage said. Because if its wrong, it has really pretty disastrous consequences.

The experts all agreed on one thing: that governments should hold active discussions on what reopening schools looks like. Students could be scheduled to come to school on different days to reduce the number of people in the building at one time, for example; desks could be placed six feet apart; and schools could avoid having students gather in large groups.

Teachers with underlying health conditions or of advanced age should be allowed to opt out and given alternative jobs outside the classroom, if possible, Dr. Nuzzo said, and children with underlying conditions should continue to learn from home.

The leaders of the two new studies, Dr. Drosten and Dr. Ajelli, were both more circumspect, saying their role is merely to provide the data that governments can use to make policies.

Im somehow the bringer of the bad news but I cant change the news, Dr. Drosten said. Its in the data.

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New Studies Add to Evidence that Children May Transmit the Coronavirus - The New York Times

In the Fight to Treat Coronavirus, Your Lungs Are a Battlefield – The New York Times

Ventilators have become the single most important piece of medical equipment for critically ill coronavirus patients whose damaged lungs prevent them from getting enough oxygen to vital organs. The machines work by forcing air deep into the lungs, dislodging the fluid and accumulated pus that interfere with the exchange of oxygen, a process orchestrated by tiny air sacs known as alveoli.

Lungs are complex organs that deliver oxygen to the bloodstream and keep organs functioning.

Human lungs are spongy vessels made up of millions of microscopic, balloon-shaped air sacs called alveoli, the workhorse of the respiratory system where the exchange of gases takes place.

A single alveolus, no bigger than the width of a human hair, is ringed by a mesh of tiny capillaries that transport oxygen to the bloodstream.

A single alveolus, no bigger than the width of a human hair, is ringed by a mesh of tiny capillaries that transport oxygen to the bloodstream.

A single alveolus, no bigger than the width of a human hair, is ringed by a mesh of tiny capillaries that transport oxygen to the bloodstream.

Ventilators are not a cure for Covid-19 patients, but mechanical breathing assistance can keep patients alive while they battle the infection.

Critical care ventilators are more than just air pumps. They are finely tuned machines with software that must be constantly adjusted by skilled medical workers to ensure that patients receive the right combination of oxygen level, pressure, breath volume and breathing rate.

Non-coronavirus patients on ventilators have about a 50 percent survival rate. The mortality rate for coronavirus patients on ventilators is not yet clear in part because, with no proven method of treatment for the virus, coronavirus patients are often being kept on these machines for weeks in order to keep them breathing long enough to give their lungs a chance to heal.

Exhaled air is filtered for viral particles

Air supplied to the patient

contains 21-100% oxygen

Air supplied to the patient

contains 21-100% oxygen

Exhaled air

is filtered

for viral particles

Intubation is fraught. Patients must be heavily sedated to allow doctors to insert a breathing tube into the lungs and to prevent them from waking up and pulling out the tubes. Because too much air pressure can damage the lungs, intubated patients must be constantly monitored.

Fears of a ventilator shortage in New York and the poor prognosis for intubated patients have helped spur innovations for sustaining patients without relying on critical care ventilators.

Health care providers have embraced a maneuver that has long been used for ventilated patients periodically turning them on their stomach to increase lung capacity. Proning, as its called, opens up areas of the lungs that are normally compressed by the weight of the heart when lying on ones back. Doctors are currently studying whether using proning for some patients in respiratory distress can allow them to recover without being placed on ventilators.

Flipping over patients in acute respiratory distress, doctors have discovered, can markedly increase oxygenation. The process can be labor-intensive, however, requiring staff to turn over patients several times a day.

Medical workers have increasingly turned to CPAP and BiPAP machines, inexpensive air pumps used by millions of Americans with sleep apnea, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and other breathing disorders. Hospitals have been repurposing unused machines and using them both with or without intubation to send pressurized air into the lungs of coronavirus patients.

Soft and transparent plastic helmet

holds positive pressure inside

Room oxygen

supply option

Soft collar

seals helmet at the neck

Plastic helmet

holds positive

pressure inside

Room oxygen

supply option

To reduce the risk of infection for hospital workers, doctors have also been fitting patients with jury-rigged helmets that deliver oxygen via CPAP machines while filtering out exhaled viral particles. The helmets were pioneered by Italian doctors forced to improvise because of a shortage of intensive care ventilators.

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In the Fight to Treat Coronavirus, Your Lungs Are a Battlefield - The New York Times

Coronavirus Killing Black Britons at Twice the Rate of Whites – The New York Times

LONDON Black people in England and Wales are twice as likely to die from the coronavirus as white people, even accounting for differences in class and in some underlying health measures, according to official figures released on Thursday, laying bare an extraordinary gap in the toll of the coronavirus.

The analysis, conducted by Britains Office of National Statistics, found that longstanding differences in wealth, education, living arrangements and self-reported health could explain a portion of the outsized impact of the virus on racial and ethnic minorities.

But not all of it. The number of black and South Asian people working in public-facing jobs and living with conditions that increase vulnerability to the coronavirus, like obesity, hypertension and diabetes, may account for other parts of the elevated risk, researchers said.

The underlying health and social disparities that drive inequality in health and life expectancy have been there all along, and this virus has just laid them bare, said Dr. Riyaz Patel, an associate professor of cardiology at University College London. This pandemic has not been the great leveler. Its been the great magnifier, as it were.

More than 30,000 people in Britain have died from the coronavirus, among the worst death tolls in Europe.

As the outsized toll of the virus on black and South Asian people has emerged in recent weeks, the government of Prime Minister Boris Johnson, a Conservative, has been forced to respond.

Matt Hancock, the health secretary, said on Monday: We recognize that there has been a disproportionately high number of people from black and ethnic minority backgrounds who have passed away, especially among care workers and those in the N.H.S.

Among the major unanswered questions is whether people from racial and ethnic minority groups are catching the virus at higher rates or, once they catch it, are suffering more serious effects, said Keith Neal, an emeritus professor of the epidemiology of infectious diseases at the University of Nottingham.

If theyre catching it twice as often, thats a different answer to theyre dying twice as often, Professor Neal said.

The analysis from the Office of National Statistics went beyond previous studies in Britain in examining the fate not only of hospital patients, but also of people in nursing homes and elsewhere who died from the virus.

After accounting for limited class and health data, people of Bangladeshi and Pakistani ethnicities were nearly twice as likely to die from the coronavirus as white people.

People of Indian and mixed ethnicities also had an elevated risk of death, the analysis found. The only group with a lower risk of death than their white counterparts, accounting for socio-economic differences, was Chinese women.

The researchers accounted for a range of factors that could be associated with peoples risk from the virus. Among them were crowding in households, urban-rural divides, income and education.

Nearly a third of Bangladeshi households, a sixth of Pakistani households and an eighth of black households experienced overcrowding from 2014 to 2017, a risk factor for spreading the coronavirus. Only 2 percent of white British households experienced the same, according to a study of the English Housing Survey.

Black people and ethnic minorities are also more likely to live in cities, where the virus arrived first in Britain and spread much more quickly.

The researchers also adjusted for a rough measure of self-reported health from the 2011 census and the presence of disability. That helped account for pre-existing health disparities, analysts said, but not necessarily the higher prevalence among minorities of specific conditions that raise the risk from the virus.

Without accounting for class or health differences, black people were four times as likely to die from the coronavirus as white people in England and Wales, the Office of National Statistics found.

Dr. Patel questioned whether successive British governments had done enough over the long term to improve the health of vulnerable groups and help them withstand a pandemic.

Health inequality has increased over the last decade or more, rather than decreased, he said. He pointed to the February report about health inequities showing that, for part of the period from 2010 to 2020, life expectancy actually fell in the most deprived communities outside London for women and in some regions for men.

Some lawmakers demanded action in response to the analysis on Thursday.

Appalling, said David Lammy, a Labour lawmaker. It is urgent the causes of this disproportionality are investigated. Action must be taken to protect black men and women as well as people from all backgrounds from the virus.

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Coronavirus Killing Black Britons at Twice the Rate of Whites - The New York Times

Coronavirus survivors banned from joining the military – Military Times

As the Defense Department negotiates its way through the coronavirus pandemic and its fallout, military entrance processing stations are working with new guidance when it comes to bringing COVID-19 survivors into the services.

A past COVID-19 diagnosis is a no-go for processing, according to a recently released MEPCOM memo circulating on Twitter.

During the medical history interview or examination, a history of COVID-19, confirmed by either a laboratory test or a clinician diagnosis, is permanently disqualifying ... the memo reads.

The memo is authentic, Pentagon spokeswoman Jessica Maxwell confirmed to Military Times.

Specifically, it lays out guidelines for MEPS staff to deal with potential, as well as confirmed, coronavirus cases. That starts with screening at all MEPS, which includes taking a temperature and answering questions about symptoms and potential contact.

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If an applicant fails screening, according to the memo, they wont be tested, but they can return in 14 days if theyre symptom-free. Anyone who has been diagnosed with COVID-19 will have to wait until 28 days after diagnosis to report to MEPS.

Upon return, a diagnosis will be marked as permanently disqualifying for accession. Recruits can apply for waivers for all permanently disqualifying conditions, including surviving COVID-19. However, without any further guidance for exceptions dealing with COVID-19, a review authority would have no justification to grant a waiver.

Maxwell declined to explain why a coronavirus diagnosis would be permanently disqualifying, compared to other viral, non-chronic illnesses that do not preclude military service.

However, given the limited research on COVID-19, there are likely a few factors that military medical professionals are trying to hash out when it comes to recruiting survivors: Whether respiratory damage from the virus is long-lasting or permanent, and whether that can be assessed; the likelihood of recurring flare-ups, even if someone has had two consecutive negative tests; and the possibility that one bout of COVID-19 might not provide full immunity for the future, and could potentially leave someone at a higher risk to contract it again, perhaps with worse complications.

The move comes as the services prepare for a surge of post-graduation recruits during the summer and fall high season.

In recent weeks, new trainees have been 100-percent tested for COVID-19 before starting training. So far, clusters have been discovered at Fort Jackson, South Carolina, and Marine Corps Recruit Depot San Diego, the Army and Marine Corps biggest initial entry training installations.

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Coronavirus survivors banned from joining the military - Military Times

Engaged in December and married by May, coronavirus shaped our relationship … and our wedding – CNN

"You may," responds a Hong Kong official, who is still wearing his mask.

Moments later, Rana and I exchange rings, sign government documents, and share a brief kiss. Amid the uncertainty of the coronavirus pandemic, Rana and I have just gotten married.

On the other side of the planet, our families and friends in the US, Lebanon and elsewhere watch the little civil ceremony in Hong Kong streamed live on Instagram, sprinkling the video with hearts and emojis and other social media expressions of happiness.

Before leaving the wedding registry, we put on his and hers surgical masks adorned with the titles "Mr." and "Mrs."

This was not what we expected, when I first asked her to marry me on a freezing night in New York City last December.

At the time, we were both jet-lagged after the long flight from Hong Kong, where we live and work. We were also deliriously happy, posing in front of a glowing fountain alongside my sister and brother-in-law, who conspired with me to take surprise photos of the occasion.

Basking in that happy moment, we had little clue that a deadly new strain of pneumonia had just been discovered in a city called Wuhan in China -- and the next four and a half months of our lives became our Engagement with Coronavirus.

Neither of us are strangers to crisis.

Rana grew up in Beirut in a civil war. At a young age, she suffered the loss of her father, one of many tragic victims of that conflict.

While my childhood was much more comfortable, 20 years of reporting overseas exposed me to the grim realities of war, natural disaster and political instability.

Still, neither of us had ever been confronted by a modern-day plague of global proportions.

The wake-up call came at the end of January, when the Hong Kong administration canceled schools, shut down public recreation centers and issued work-from-home orders to civil servants. The coronavirus outbreak in Wuhan had spread across China, and the first cases had been detected in the semi-autonomous cities of Hong Kong and Macau.

Hong Kongers didn't mess around. Immediately, the whole city started wearing masks.

We did too, when we went to the Births, Deaths and Marriages Registrations Office in early February to apply for a date to get married.

Friends and family back home called to express concern about our health. But they spoke about the epidemic as if it was some distant threat, an "Asian" problem that would never reach their shores.

As Rana became more and more worried, I remained naively optimistic -- until a reporting assignment in South Korea at the end of February.

At that stage, South Korea had the most confirmed coronavirus cases outside mainland China. In early March, thousands of Koreans were testing positive on a daily basis. Governments increasingly imposed international flight restrictions. Seemingly overnight, my hotel in Seoul became eerily empty.

On March 10, the only way to get from South Korea back home to Hong Kong was to fly absurdly long distances via London. On the flight from South Korea, CNN cameraman Tom Booth and I were shocked to see British Airways crews operating without any protection. No one checked our temperature during the layover at London's Heathrow Airport. Britain apparently behaved as if this deadly disease wasn't happening.

Upon arrival in Hong Kong, health authorities put me on two-week mandatory medical surveillance. I was to check my temperature twice daily and report immediately if I came down with symptoms. Though authorities advised against it, Rana insisted on staying by my side throughout the 14 days. Fortunately, neither of us got sick.

Making the best of it

Then, throughout March, Covid-19 spread like wildfire across the Middle East, Europe and North America. Suddenly, Rana and I were far more worried about our parents in the US and Lebanon, than we were for ourselves in Hong Kong.

For two people who have lived almost all of our adult lives overseas, a sickening realization set in -- we could no longer count on jumping on a plane to fly home to our loved ones in the event of an emergency.

Yet amid the anxiety and fear, a silver lining emerged.

In this pandemic, we had each other. Social isolation meant a pause in business travel and long work deployments.

With our little rescue cat, our small family settled in for weeks of working from home in pajamas followed by cozy home-cooked dinners.

The coronavirus forced us to stop and count our blessings. The entire world has been taught a giant lesson in humility, a reminder that we are subject to forces and events that we cannot control. Nothing -- neither our health, the roof over our heads, nor the food on our table -- can be taken for granted.

At the same time, life must go on.

"After all, your grandparents got married during World War II," my mom pointed out.

She is very right. My grandparents, two refugees from the civil war in Russia, started a family amid the horrors of Nazi-occupied France.

Compare that to me and Rana, who spent much of our engagement on the couch watching "Tiger King" (among other things).

So far, we have had it so easy. A week before the wedding, however, disaster struck. Rana's 84-year old grandmother suffered a stroke. She was taken to intensive care in Beirut and had brain surgery.

There was nothing we could do. Even if there was some way to fly to Lebanon, Rana would not dare exposing her family if she picked up an illness on the plane.

Thankfully, Rana's teta stabilized after the operation. She's a tough lady.

Finally, our wedding day arrived in May. We wore surgical masks with "bride" and "groom" written on them in marker to the registry.

The city's coronavirus guidelines allow up to 20 guests at a wedding. We had eight.

There is no time for vows to be exchanged during the 15-minute civil ceremony -- although in some ways, we didn't need them.

After our engagement with coronavirus, we know we will be there for each other, no matter what the future may bring.

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Engaged in December and married by May, coronavirus shaped our relationship ... and our wedding - CNN

Rashes, headaches, tingling: the less common coronavirus symptoms that patients have – The Guardian

The World Health Organization lists the most common symptoms of Covid-19 as fever, tiredness and a dry cough. Others include a runny nose, sore throat, nasal congestion, pain, diarrhoea and the loss of sense of taste and/or smell. But there are also other more unusual symptoms that patients have presented.

Patients in several countries have reported rashes on their toes, resembling chilblains, in many cases unaccompanied by any of the usual symptoms of the virus. The condition has been dubbed Covid toe. The rashes can take the form of red or purple lesions and, despite the name, can be found on the side or sole of the foot, or even on hands and fingers. The European Journal of Pediatric Dermatology reported an epidemic of cases among children and adolescents in Italy. It said that unlike other rashes associated with coronavirus, it had not been previously observed.

Conjunctivitis has been a rare symptom in cases of Covid-19, with viral particles being found in tears. In the UK, the Royal College of Ophthalmologists and College of Optometrists says: It is recognised that any upper respiratory tract infection may result in viral conjunctivitis as a secondary complication, and this is also the case with Covid-19. However, it is unlikely that a person would present with viral conjunctivitis secondary to Covid-19 without other symptoms of fever or a continuous cough as conjunctivitis seems to be a late feature where is has occurred.

A peer-reviewed Spanish study, published in the British Journal of Dermatology last week, found that 6% of the 375 coronavirus cases examined involved necrosis, the death of body tissue due to a lack of blood supply, or livedo, discolouration of the skin. The skin can become mottled and have purple or red patchy areas, which may appear in a lace-like pattern. In the study, it was generally found in older patients with more severe cases of Covid-19. However, this was not consistent across the board and necrosis was also found in some people with coronavirus who did not require hospitalisation.

A study of 214 patients in China, published in Jama Neurology last month, found that just over a third (36.4%) had experienced neurological symptoms such as dizziness or headaches, increasing to 45.5% in those with severe coronavirus infections. Commenting on the research, Prof Ian Jones, professor of virology at the University of Reading, said: It happens, but is generally not what coronaviruses do. At the moment neurological complications might best be considered a consequence of Covid-19 disease severity rather than a distinct new concern.

Some patients have complained about a tingling, fizzing or even burning sensation. Dr Waleed Javaid, the director of infection prevention and control at Mount Sinai hospital in New York, told Today.com it was likely the patients immune response to Covid-19 rather than the virus itself was causing such sensations. He said: Theres a widespread immune response that is happening. Our immune cells get activated so a lot of chemicals get released throughout our body and that can present or feel like theres some fizzing. When our immune response is acting up, people can feel different sensations I have heard of similar experiences in the past with other illnesses.

This article was amended on 8 May 2020 to correct a reference to livedo that should have said necrosis.

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Rashes, headaches, tingling: the less common coronavirus symptoms that patients have - The Guardian

Coronavirus Survivors Want Answers, and China Is Silencing Them – The New York Times

The text messages to the Chinese activist streamed in from ordinary Wuhan residents, making the same extraordinary request: Help me sue the Chinese government. One said his mother had died from the coronavirus after being turned away from multiple hospitals. Another said her father-in-law had died in quarantine.

But after weeks of back-and-forth planning, the seven residents who had reached out to Yang Zhanqing, the activist, suddenly changed their minds in late April, or stopped responding. At least two of them had been threatened by the police, Mr. Yang said.

The Chinese authorities are clamping down as grieving relatives, along with activists, press the ruling Communist Party for an accounting of what went wrong in Wuhan, the city where the coronavirus killed thousands before spreading to the rest of China and the world.

Lawyers have been warned not to file suit against the government. The police have interrogated bereaved family members who connected with others like them online. Volunteers who tried to thwart the states censorship apparatus by preserving reports about the outbreak have disappeared.

They are worried that if people defend their rights, the international community will know what the real situation is like in Wuhan and the true experiences of the families there, said Mr. Yang, who is living in New York, where he fled after he was briefly detained for his work in China.

The crackdown underscores the partys fear that any attempt to dwell on what happened in Wuhan, or to hold officials responsible, will undermine the states narrative that only Chinas authoritarian system saved the country from a devastating health crisis.

To inspire patriotic fervor, state propaganda has portrayed the dead not as victims, but as martyrs. Censors have deleted Chinese news reports that exposed officials early efforts to hide the severity of the outbreak.

The party has long been wary of public grief and the dangers it could pose to its rule.

In 2008, after an earthquake in Sichuan Province killed at least 69,000 people, Chinese officials offered hush money to parents whose children died. Following a deadly train crash in the city of Wenzhou in 2011, officials prevented relatives from visiting the site. Each June, the authorities in Beijing silence family members of protesters who were killed in the 1989 crackdown on the Tiananmen Square pro-democracy movement.

Now, some say the government is imposing the same kind of collective amnesia around the outbreak.

Three volunteers involved in Terminus2049, an online project that archived censored news articles about the outbreak, went missing in Beijing last month and are presumed to have been detained.

I had previously told him: You guys probably face some risk doing this project. But I didnt know how much, said Chen Kun, whose brother, Chen Mei, is one of the volunteers who disappeared.

I had said that maybe he would be summoned by the police for a talk, and they would ask him to take down the site, he said. I didnt think it would be this serious.

Mr. Chen said he had no information about his brothers disappearance. But he had spoken to the relatives of one of the other missing volunteers, Cai Wei, who said that Mr. Cai and his girlfriend had been detained and accused of picking quarrels and provoking trouble, a vague charge that the government often uses against dissidents.

Reached by telephone on Tuesday, an employee at a police station in the Beijing district where Chen Mei lives said he was unclear about the case. The groups site on GitHub, a platform popular with coders, is now blocked in China.

Volunteers for similar online projects have also been questioned by the authorities in recent days. In blog posts and private messages, members of such communities have warned each other to scrub their computers. The organizers of another GitHub project, 2019ncovmemory, which also republished censored material about the outbreak, have set their archive to private.

To the authorities, it seems no public criticism can be left unchecked. The police in Hubei, the province that includes Wuhan and was hardest hit by the outbreak, arrested a woman last month for organizing a protest against high vegetable prices. An official at a Wuhan hospital was removed from his post after he criticized the use of traditional Chinese medicine to treat coronavirus patients, which the authorities had promoted.

The crackdown has been most galling to people mourning family members. They say they are being harassed and subjected to close monitoring as they try to reckon with their losses.

The coronavirus killed nearly 4,000 people in Wuhan, according to Chinas official figures. Some residents believe the true toll is much higher. The government fired two high-ranking local officials, but that is not enough for many grieving relatives, who say they want fair compensation for their losses and harsher punishment for officials.

Zhang Hai is certain that his father, who died in February, was infected with the coronavirus at a Wuhan hospital. He says he still supports the party but thinks local officials should be held responsible for initially hiding the fact that the virus could spread among humans. Had he known the risk, he said, he would not have sent his father to the hospital for treatment.

Mr. Zhang said several Chinese reporters who had interviewed him about his demands later told him that their editors had pulled the articles before publication. He posted calls online to set up a monument in honor of the victims of the epidemic in Wuhan, but censors quickly scrubbed the messages. Officials have pressed him to bury his fathers ashes, but he has so far refused; he says they have insisted on assigning him minders, who he believes would be there to ensure that he caused no trouble.

They spend so much time trying to control us, Mr. Zhang said. Why cant they use this energy to address our concerns instead?

In March, the police visited a Wuhan resident who had started a chat group of more than 100 people who lost relatives to the virus, according to two members of the group, one of whom shared a video of the encounter. The group was ordered to disband.

Mr. Yang, the activist in New York, said at least two of the seven Wuhan residents who had contacted him about taking legal measures against the government dropped the idea after being threatened by the police.

Even if the other plaintiffs were willing to move forward, they might have trouble finding lawyers. After Mr. Yang and a group of human rights lawyers in China issued an open call in March for people who wanted to sue the government, several lawyers around the country received verbal warnings from judicial officials, Mr. Yang said.

The officials told them not to write open letters or create disturbances by filing claims for compensation, according to Chen Jiangang, a member of the group. Mr. Chen, who fled to the United States last year, said he had heard from several lawyers who were warned.

If anyone dares to make a request and the government fails to meet it, they immediately are seen as a threat to national security, Mr. Chen said. It doesnt matter whether youre a lawyer or a victim, its like youre imprisoned.

Some aggrieved residents have pressed ahead despite the government clampdown. Last month, Tan Jun, a civil servant in Yichang, a city in Hubei Province, became the first person to publicly attempt to sue the authorities over their response to the outbreak.

Mr. Tan, who works in the citys parks department, accused the provincial government of concealing and covering up the true nature of the virus, leading people to ignore the viruss danger, relax their vigilance and neglect their self-protection, according to a copy of the complaint shared online. He pointed to officials decision to host a banquet for 40,000 families in Wuhan in early January, even as the virus was spreading.

He urged the government to issue an apology on the front page of the Hubei Daily, a local newspaper.

In a brief phone call, Mr. Tan confirmed that he had submitted a complaint to the Intermediate Peoples Court in Wuhan, but he declined to be interviewed because he is a civil servant.

With Chinas judiciary tightly controlled by the central government, it was unclear whether Mr. Tan would get his day in court. Articles about Mr. Tan have been censored on Chinese social media. Calls to the court in Wuhan on Thursday rang unanswered.

Liu Yi contributed research.

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Coronavirus Survivors Want Answers, and China Is Silencing Them - The New York Times

Noraneko, noted Southeast Portland ramen shop, will not reopen after coronavirus crisis – OregonLive

Noraneko, a Southeast Portland ramen shop with ties to one of the Portland food scenes important early Japanese restaurants, does not plan to reopen after the coronavirus pandemic, co-owner Gabe Rosen wrote in an email to The Oregonian/OregonLive.com.

In the best of times (which was usually!), Noraneko was a tough spot to operate, Rosen wrote. We were an entirely (noodles excepted) from-scratch restaurant that paid staff well and tried to do everything that we could to make a great experience for guests, be authentic to ourselves and delicious, and try and stay relatively affordable.

"Every year this got more and more difficult.

Rosen says he has kept busy winding down Noraneko and decompressing after 13 years in the restaurant business.

Noraneko, Japanese for alleycat, opened on Southeast Water Avenue in 2014, forming a mini Portland ramen row with the nearby Boke Bowl. It was the second restaurant from Rosen and partner Kina Voelz, whos earlier izakaya, Biwa, helped teach Portland what good ramen could be. Biwa closed in 2018.

In a 2015 review written just after a week-long ramen eating adventure in Tokyo, I praised the boiled gyoza, fresh-squeezed juices and toppings -- its easy to forget how hard it was to find a properly boiled ramen egg back then -- while guessing it would slot in next to places like Mirakutei as a good every day bowl of ramen.

And thats just what happened. Even as Portland got swept up in a mini wave of real-deal Tokyo ramen imports such as Kizuki (now Kukai), Marukin and Afuri, Noraneko often beckoned to bike riders heading home on the Hawthorne Bridge, its neon and shadowy locale offering the closest thing to a Bladerunner-ish noodle shop in Portland. Ill miss those boiled gyoza.

-- Michael Russell, mrussell@oregonian.com, @tdmrussell

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Noraneko, noted Southeast Portland ramen shop, will not reopen after coronavirus crisis - OregonLive

Why Entrepreneurs Should Choose Insights Over Instincts – Entrepreneur

The importance of data-driven decision-making.

May8, 20205 min read

Opinions expressed by Entrepreneur contributors are their own.

In 2017, humanity generated more than 2.5 quintillion bytes of data by the day. According to the minds at Harvard Business School, its never been easier for businesses of all sizes to collect, analyzeand interpret data into real, actionable insights. Companies wanting to successfully scale their operations should make the effort to understand that data on a much deeper level.

Related:The Insane Amounts of Data We're Using Every Minute (Infographic)

Fully understanding the needs of your consumer enables you to provide them with the specific products and services they may be looking for, resulting in optimal business decisions surrounding exactlyhow, whenand what to sell them. This is a fundamental aspect of creating and operating a business. Data-driven decision-making is simply focusing on the needs of your target market and executing on those requests before they are made.

I think people just dont understand the value in qualitative research, says Lynzie Riebling, vice president of insights and strategy at RevoltTV. Riebling, whose background is in psychology and marketing, explained to me the level of "quant bias" she's seen in the entertainment industry. We are programmed as humans to think if something is quantified it has to be accurate, she says of how we tend to view the numbers gained from research. You dont know how that survey was programmed, you dont know who they spoke to, you dont know if that was a survey of five people or 5,000 people.

Related:Why Your Startup Needs Data Science

Acting as the middleman between brands and consumers, Riebling has spent more than a decade understanding the perspectives of target audiences and reporting that information back to the leadership of notable brands including Nike, Google/YouTube and MTV. By reading between the lines in data findings, she has helped countless executivesmake decisions tocreate with their audiences in mind. I always say insights are your closest thing to a crystal ball, says Riebling of the significance of her field. If we do our work properly, we can tell you based on human behavior what is likely to happen next.

The data of today is more detailed and varied than ever before, but theres no need for entrepreneurs to get overwhelmed by the numbers. Though data has gotten bigger and better with time, success is not contingent upon harnessing the power of big data.

I think people get wrapped up in this idea that you have to do something statistically sound, mentions Riebling of the DIY role her job often assumes. Ive legitimately gone into a skate park and bought a pizza and said Hey, do you guys want to hang out and eat pizza? It might sound a bit creepy, but it worked. Riebling believes that even small businesses can do their own insight-scraping and data-reporting with limited friends, supporters or colleagues. As humans, we can just have conversations with people and that is research and validation in itself."

Doing independent research is costly and time-intensive, but data doesn't necessarily have to come from research done on behalf of your company alone. The creation of the platform Audiomack is aprime example of what can be accomplished by using known research and applying that knowledge to your target audience. In 2012, the founders of the music streaming service decided to launch their business from their own perspectives as hip-hop fans, noticing the genres growing reach at the time.

Audiomack was built on providing those hip-hop artists who couldnt yet afford the fees often required by distribution companies and other streaming platforms with a free and unlimited way to upload their music. Understanding the nature of the hip-hop creative process and the challenge of getting past industry gatekeepers, the founders gave artists a chance to put their music directly in front of the right fans. By also catering to listeners who are specifically looking to stream underground hip-hop content that cant be found in places like Apple Music or Spotify, today Audiomack attracts 14 million daily active users.

I recently spoke with David Ponte, co-founder and CMO of Audiomack, who explained how the companys Creator Dashboard is helping artists turn the data from the services platform into actionable insights. That type of specific data is going to help you understand where to push your resources, Ponte says of the dashboards geo-location and engagement metrics. If youre an emerging artist, you want to be able to determine where you might want to contact booking agents. You can see, Are people coming back to play a song or are they just playing it because its in a big playlist? Those answers are going to help you determine how to spend your money and your time moving forward.

When used correctly, carefully mined data can help a company determine which path to take. Better data leads to better decision-making and more efficient selling strategies, both of which are key to profitability.

Related:4 Ways Data Is Driving Conscious Capitalism

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Why Entrepreneurs Should Choose Insights Over Instincts - Entrepreneur

Free cloud storage: Which providers offer the most space – Android Authority

In this post, we take a look at the 10 best free cloud providers that offer the most storage. But keep in mind that this list only contains reputable and well-known companies were willing to recommend. There are other providers out there that offer more free storage, but some of them are brand new to the market and seem sketchy because they try their hardest to keep their details (location, phone number, address) hidden.

Not every provider is trustworthy. Uploading sensitive files to a cloud managed by a company that may have bad intentions is not a good idea. And if the provider is brand new to the market and their business plan doesnt go as imagined, it can close shop overnight, possibly leaving you without access to your files.

If you already know what cloud storage is, how it works, and why you should use it, feel free to skip this section and scroll down to check out the list of the best cloud storage providers. Everyone else, keep reading.

The concept of cloud storage is easy to understand. The cloud is basically just a remote database. Its a server maintained by the provider that lets you store your images, videos, documents, and other files. To access the files, all you need is your account login info and an internet connection.

You can access your files in the cloud from any device with an internet connection.

But, why not store everything on my PC instead, you ask? One of the reasons is that by storing files to the cloud, you can access them from any device with an internet connection. If you store files on your PC, you can only access them from that PC.

Another reason is that your files are safer in the cloud then they are on your PC. If your computer can get damaged, lost, or stolen, you can say goodbye to all those vacation photos and your movie collection. You can also share files with other people more easily from the cloud, especially larger ones that cant be attached to emails because of size limits.

An additional benefit of cloud storage comes into play when you buy a new PC. Instead of manually transferring your data from your old device to the new one, you can just log into your cloud account and, voila, all your files are right there on your new machine.

Of course, cloud storage isnt perfect. It has its share of problems that you need to be aware of. The biggest one is that if someone gets ahold of your account login info, theyll be able to get access to all the files stored in your account. You also need an internet connection to view the files in the cloud, which may cause problems for some at times especially road warriors.

Editors note: Well update this post with new providers once they launch or when current ones make changes to their free plans.

Degoo is far ahead of the competition, offering a whopping 100GB of free cloud storage. However, the service has a number of limitations in place you have to be aware of. The biggest one is that you can only upload files from one device. Theres no such limit for viewing or downloading files, though you can do that on as many devices you want.

The service is supported by ads, and you have to log in at least once every 90 days to make sure your account stays active. With that in mind, Degoo definitely isnt the most user-friendly cloud service on this list, but it does offer plenty of storage.

The nitty-gritty:

Co-founded by the controversial Kim Dotcom, Mega comes in second on this list by offering 50GB of free storage. But theres a catch: the 50GB is available for the first 30 days only, after which the storage gets bumped down to 15GB. You can get extra storage by installing the desktop app (20GB) and the mobile app (15GB), although both expire after 180 days. You also get an additional 10GB of free storage for one year when a friend of yours signs up for the service.

Mega technically doesnt have a size limit for the files you upload, but it does have bandwidth limit thats pretty strict. You can upload a maximum of 1GB of data every six hours, which obviously means that the largest file you can upload is 1GB.

The nitty-gritty:

This is the cloud service I recommend to most people, provided they dont need more than 15GB of storage. Its super easy to use, is available on all the major platforms, and doesnt contain ads. But one thing to keep in mind is that the 15GB of storage is shared between Drive, Gmail, and Photos.

Google Drive is well integrated with Gmail, allowing you to quickly save email attachments to Drive. The service also lets you share files with ease and allows you to easily back up your devices. This is by far my favorite cloud storage service.

The nitty-gritty:

Box is a popular and well-known cloud storage provider. Its 10GB of free storage is generous, although not market-leading. Theres a file size limit in place for uploads that is set at 250MB.

The service offers standard features you get with most other providers. You can create folders to organize your files, share files with just a few clicks, and access your files from different platforms, among other things.

The nitty-gritty:

This provider isnt as popular as Google Drive or Box, but its a great one nonetheless. You get 10GB of cloud storage for free and theres no file size limit in place for uploads.

pCloud is packed with loads of great features. You can share files with ease, access your files from multiple devices across different platforms, and recover and access older versions of your account up to 30 days. The service even has a built-in video and audio players. If you need more storage, you can opt for a monthly plan or a one-time lifetime fee.

The nitty-gritty:

Icedrive is a relatively new player on the market it launched in January 2019. You get 10GB of free storage and a daily bandwidth of 3GB, which limits the size of the files you can upload.

Since its a newcomer, it doesnt offer all the features you get with some of the bigger players. Theres no two-factor authentication available, nor is there file versioning. But Icedrive still has the main features youd expect from a cloud storage and is a solid option overall.

The nitty-gritty:

MediaFire lets you store and share files with ease, with free users getting 10GB of free storage. Individual files are limited to a maximum of 4GB per upload.

The service lets you upload multiple files at once and can be used on various platforms including Windows, Android, and iOS. It supports all the major files out there, allowing you to upload images, videos, documents, and more. Unfortunately, the service is supported by ads, which can get annoying fast.

The nitty-gritty:

This cloud storage is mainly focused on media files (images, videos), although you can store documents and other files as well. Users praise the service for its fast upload speeds as well as a decent amount of free storage at 10GB.

Theres a 5GB file size limit for uploads, which is quite generous. Apps are available for PC/Mac, Android, and iOS, so you can upload files and get access to them regardless of the device youre using.

The nitty-gritty:

Syncplicity doesnt stand out from the crowd, but it still gets the job done. You get all the basic features like the ability to sort files by folders, share files with others, and even tag them. The good news is that, unlike some other providers, Syncplicity doesnt have a file size upload limit in place.

You get 10GB of space for your images, videos, documents, and other files. The service is available on all the major platforms and offers paid plans for those looking for extra storage.

The nitty-gritty:

The last free cloud storage service on this list is Microsofts OneDrive, which offers the least amount of space at just 5GB. But you can use it as part of your Microsoft account if you already have one so you dont need to sign up for the service separately.

In addition to all the basic features youd expect from a service like this, OneDrive also comes with a Personal Vault that adds an additional layer of security for those extra sensitive documents. But on free accounts, you can only store up to three files in it.

The nitty-gritty:

Theres a reason why the list above lacks a few big names. Apples iCloud service only offers 5GB of data, just like Microsofts OneDrive. But unlike OneDrive, iCloud is primarily aimed at those who own an Apple device. And if you sign up for the service with a PC, you only get 1GB of storage instead of five. Nevertheless, its a great service overall if youre an Apple user and we have no problem recommending it, but just keep the storage limit in mind. If you need more space, opt for one of the providers mentioned in this post.

Read next: How to backup your Android phone to the cloud

Dropbox is another great service that we recommend, although it didnt make our list because it only offers 2GB of free cloud storage. Thats not much, but if its enough for you, were confident youll be happy with the service.

Amazon Drive is also a great service, offering 5GB of free storage to its users. Thats on par with OneDrive we included on our list, but we recommend Microsofts solution over Amazons because its more feature-packed and easier to use.

More free storage is always better, but its not the only thing you should focus on. For example, while Degoo offers the most storage at 100GB, I wouldnt recommend it to users who dont need that much space. The service has loads of limitations in place, one of them being that you can only upload files from a single device.

So before you sign up for a service, try to figure out how much online storage you actually need. If you need more than 50GB, then something like Degoo is your best option. But if just 10GB or even less will do, a service like Google Drive is a much better option.

Google Drive is a storage service that lets you save various files to the cloud and then access them from your smartphone, tablet, or computer. You can store documents, images, videos, and even back up

There you have it these are the 10 best cloud storage providers that offer the most space. Well update this post when new providers launch or current ones make changes to their free plans. In the meantime, let us know which of the services listed in this post would you consider signing up for.

Originally posted here:

Free cloud storage: Which providers offer the most space - Android Authority

LETTER: Sometimes, it takes a crisis to drive technological innovation. – Eye On Annapolis

Sometimes, it takes a crisis to drive technological innovation.

We saw this during the Y2K scare. Fears that our computers would stop working in the year 2000 led to a massive effort to rewrite software. Along the way, other bugs were discovered, large sections of code were rewritten more efficiently, and we benefited from a huge surge in software performance and productivity as a result.

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With the shift to online learning, Anne Arundel County Public Schools is finding out how far behind the times their technology department has fallen. Basic webinar and video conferencing capabilities, used by businesses and colleges for over a decade, were completely foreign to AACPS. And while teachers and students have had access to the Google Meet platform for several years, the technology department has actively discouraged its use. Now, forced into offering online instruction, the schools chief information officer has thankfully backpedaled on his antiquated stance.

The good news is that AACPS will come out of this pandemic with a stronger, more robust online learning platform. Hopefully, they wont stop using or innovating it once schools are reopened. More should be done to ensure that teachers will continue to use it, that school buildings have adequate Wi-Fi, and that students have access to basic resources such as Chromebooks and internet service.

Thats not to say that improvements cant be made in the meantime. For one, the technology department strangely refuses to provide technical support directly to students. Students must first contact their teacher with an issue, who will then pass it on to the IT department. Its extremely inefficient, particularly when readily-available solutions like Zendesk would allow for students to submit their own support requests.

Also, while AACPS is making Wi-Fi networks at school buildings open to public access, the hours are limited from 7 AM to 5 PM. These should be expanded and made available 24 hours.

More common sense also needs to be placed on the online curriculum itself. Administrators on Riva Road were quick to replace core academic subjects like science and math with a controversial Global Community Citizenship course. Now, more than ever, is not the time to replace science and math with political correctness and social indoctrination.

How will we look back at these events a decade from now? Teachers and students have adapted admirably to this new normal, but the Central Office administrators continue to create more roadblocks than they remove. Online learning presents an opportunity for Anne Arundel County Public Schools to shine as a leader in innovation. The only thing holding them back is their own leaderships reluctance to do so.

Scott Shaffer, Annapolis

Scott Shaffer is a candidate for the Anne Arundel County Board of Education from District 6.

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LETTER: Sometimes, it takes a crisis to drive technological innovation. - Eye On Annapolis

Technofascism: Digital Book Burning in a Totalitarian Age – John Whitehead’s Commentary Technofascism: Digital Book Burning in a Totalitarian Age By…

Those who created this country chose freedom. With all of its dangers. And do you know the riskiest part of that choice they made? They actually believed that we could be trusted to make up our own minds in the whirl of differing ideas. That we could be trusted to remain free, even when there were very, very seductive voicestaking advantage of our freedom of speechwho were trying to turn this country into the kind of place where the government could tell you what you can and cannot do.Nat Hentoff

We are fast becoming a nationnay, a worldof book burners.

While on paper, we are technically free to speakat least according to the U.S. Constitutionin reality, however, we are only as free to speak as the government and its corporate partners such as Facebook, Google or YouTube may allow.

Thats not a whole lot of freedom. Especially if youre inclined to voice opinions that may be construed as conspiratorial or dangerous.

Take David Icke, for example.

Icke, a popular commentator and author often labeled a conspiracy theorist by his detractors, recently had his Facebook page and YouTube channel (owned by Google) deleted for violating site policies by spreading coronavirus disinformation.

The Centre for Countering Digital Hate, which has been vocal about calling for Ickes de-platforming, is also pushing for the removal of all other sites and individuals who promote Ickes content in an effort to supposedly save lives.

Translation: the CCDH evidently believes the public is too dumb to think for itself and must be protected from dangerous ideas.

This is the goosestepping Nanny State trying to protect us from ourselves.

In the long run, this safety control (the censorship and shadowbanning of anyone who challenges a mainstream narrative) will be far worse than merely allowing people to think for themselves.

Journalist Matt Taibbi gets its: The people who want to add a censorship regime to a health crisis are more dangerous and more stupid by leaps and bounds than a president who tells people to inject disinfectant.

Dont fall for the propaganda.

These internet censors are not acting in our best interests to protect us from dangerous, disinformation campaigns about COVID-19, a virus whose source and behavior continue to elude medical officials. Theyre laying the groundwork now, with Icke as an easy target, to preemptanydangerous ideas that might challenge the power elites stranglehold over our lives.

This is how freedom dies.

It doesnt matter what disinformation Icke may or may not have been spreading about COVID-19. Thats not the issue.

As commentator Caitlin Johnstonerecognizes, the censorship of David Icke by these internet media giants has nothing to do with Icke: What matters is that were seeing a consistent and accelerating pattern of powerful plutocratic institutions collaborating with the US-centralized empire to control what ideas people around the world are permitted to share with each other, and its a very unsafe trajectory.

Welcome to the age of technofascism.

Technofascism, clothed in tyrannical self-righteousness, is powered by technological behemoths (both corporate and governmental) working in tandem. As journalist Chet Bowers explains, Technofascisms level of efficiency and totalitarian potential can easily lead to repressive systems that will not tolerate dissent.

The internet, hailed as a super-information highway, is increasingly becoming the police states secret weapon. This policing of the mind: is exactly the danger author Jim Keith warned about when he predicted that information and communication sources are gradually being linked together into a single computerized network, providing an opportunity for unheralded control of hat will be broadcast, what will be said, and ultimately what will be thought.

Its a slippery slope from censoring so-called illegitimate ideas to silencing truth.

Eventually, as George Orwell predicted, telling the truth will become a revolutionary act.

Were almost at that point now.

What you are witnessing is the modern-day equivalent of book burning which involves doing away with dangerous ideaslegitimate or notand the people who espouse them.

Today, the forces of political correctness, working in conjunction with corporate and government agencies, have managed to replace actual book burning with intellectual book burning.

Free speech for me but not for thee is how my good friend and free speech purist Nat Hentoff used to sum up this double standard.

This is about much more than free speech, however. This is about repression and control.

With every passing day, were being moved further down the road towards a totalitarian society characterized by government censorship, violence, corruption, hypocrisy and intolerance, all packaged for our supposed benefit in the Orwellian doublespeak of national security, tolerance and so-called government speech.

The reasons for such censorship vary widely from political correctness, safety concerns and bullying to national security and hate crimes but the end result remains the same: the complete eradication of what Benjamin Franklin referred to as the principal pillar of a free government.

The upshot of all of this editing, parsing, banning and silencing is the emergence of a new language, what George Orwell referred to as Newspeak, which places the power to control language in the hands of the totalitarian state.

Under such a system, language becomes a weapon to change the way people think by changing the words they use.

The end result is control.

In totalitarian regimesa.k.a. police stateswhere conformity and compliance are enforced at the end of a loaded gun, the government dictates what words can and cannot be used.

In countries where the police state hides behind a benevolent mask and disguises itself as tolerance, the citizens censor themselves, policing their words and thoughts to conform to the dictates of the mass mind lest they find themselves ostracized or placed under surveillance.

Even when the motives behind this rigidly calibrated reorientation of societal language appear well-intentioneddiscouraging racism, condemning violence, denouncing discrimination and hatredinevitably, the end result is the same: intolerance, indoctrination and infantilism.

Its political correctness disguised as tolerance, civility and love, but what it really amounts to is the chilling of free speech and the demonizing of viewpoints that run counter to the cultural elite.

The police state could not ask for a better citizenry than one that carries out its own censorship, spying and policing: this is how you turn a nation of free people into extensions of the omniscient, omnipotent, omnipresent police state, and in the process turn a citizenry against each other.

Tread cautiously: Orwells1984, which depicts the ominous rise of ubiquitous technology, fascism and totalitarianism, has becomean operation manual for the omnipresent, modern-day surveillance state.

1984portrays a global society of total control in which people are not allowed to have thoughts that in any way disagree with the corporate state. There is no personal freedom, and advanced technology has become the driving force behind a surveillance-driven society. Snitches and cameras are everywhere. People are subject to the Thought Police, who deal with anyone guilty of thought crimes. The government, or "Party," is headed by Big Brother who appears on posters everywhere with the words: "Big Brother is watching you."

We have arrived, way ahead of schedule, into the dystopian future dreamed up by not only Orwell but also such fiction writers as Aldous Huxley, Margaret Atwood and Philip K. Dick.

Much like Orwells Big Brother in1984, the government and its corporate spies now watch our every move. Much like HuxleysA Brave New World, we are churning out a society of watchers who have their liberties taken away from them, but rather enjoy it, because they [are] distracted from any desire to rebel by propaganda or brainwashing. Much like AtwoodsThe Handmaids Tale, the populace is now taught to know their place and their duties, to understand that they have no real rights but will be protected up to a point if they conform, and to think so poorly of themselves thatthey will accept their assigned fate and not rebel or run away.

And in keeping with Philip K. Dicks darkly prophetic vision of a dystopian police statewhich became the basis forSteven Spielbergs futuristic thrillerMinority Reportwe are now trapped in a world in which the government is all-seeing, all-knowing and all-powerful, and if you dare to step out of line, dark-clad police SWAT teams and pre-crime units will crack a few skulls to bring the populace under control.

What once seemed futuristic no longer occupies the realm of science fiction.

Incredibly, as the various nascent technologies employed and shared by the government and corporations alikefacial recognition, iris scanners, massive databases, behavior prediction software, and so onare incorporated into a complex, interwoven cyber network aimed at tracking our movements, predicting our thoughts and controlling our behavior, thedystopian visions of past writers is fast becoming our reality.

In fact, our world ischaracterized by widespread surveillance, behavior prediction technologies, data mining, fusion centers, driverless cars, voice-controlled homes, facial recognition systems, cybugs and drones, and predictive policing (pre-crime) aimed at capturing would-be criminals before they can do any damage. Surveillance cameras are everywhere.Government agents listen in on our telephone calls and read our emails.And privacy and bodily integrity have been utterly eviscerated.

We are increasingly ruled by multi-corporations wedded to the police state.

What many fail to realize is that the government is not operating alone. It cannot.

The government requires an accomplice.

Thus, the increasingly complex security needs of the massive federal government, especially in the areas of defense, surveillance and data management, have been met within the corporate sector, which has shown itself to be a powerful ally that both depends on and feeds the growth of governmental overreach.

In fact, Big Tech wedded to Big Government has become Big Brother, and we are now ruled by the Corporate Elite whose tentacles have spread worldwide.

The government now has at its disposal technological arsenals so sophisticated and invasive as to render any constitutional protections null and void. Spearheaded by the NSA, which has shown itself to care little to nothing for constitutional limits or privacy, the security/industrial complexa marriage of government, military and corporate interests aimed at keeping Americans under constant surveillancehas come to dominate the government and our lives.

Money, power, control.

There is no shortage of motives fueling the convergence of mega-corporations and government. But who is paying the price?

We the people, of course. Not just we Americans, but people the world over.

We have entered into a global state of tyranny.

Where we stand now is at the juncture of OldSpeak (where words have meanings, and ideas can be dangerous) and Newspeak (where only that which is safe and accepted by the majority is permitted). The power elite has made their intentions clear: they will pursue and prosecute any and all words, thoughts and expressions that challenge their authority.

This is the final link in the police state chain.

Americans have beenconditioned to accept routine incursions on their privacy rights. In fact, the addiction to screen devicesespecially cell phoneshas created a hive effect where the populace not only watched but is controlled by AI bots. However, at one time, the idea of a total surveillance state tracking ones every move would have been abhorrent to most Americans. That all changed with the 9/11 attacks. As professor Jeffrey Rosen observes, Before Sept. 11, the idea that Americans would voluntarily agree to live their lives under the gaze of a network of biometric surveillance cameras, peering at them in government buildings, shopping malls, subways and stadiums, would have seemed unthinkable,a dystopian fantasy of a society that had surrendered privacy and anonymity.

Having been reduced to a cowering citizenrymute in the face of elected officials who refuse to represent us, helpless in the face of police brutality, powerless in the face of militarized tactics and technology that treat us like enemy combatants on a battlefield, and naked in the face of government surveillance that sees and hears allwe have nowhere left to go.

We have, so to speak, gone from being a nation where privacy is king to one where nothing is safe from the prying eyes of government.

In search of so-called terrorists and extremists hiding amongst usthe proverbial "needle in a haystack," as one official termed itthe Corporate State has taken to monitoring all aspects of our lives, from cell phone calls and emails to Internet activity and credit card transactions. This data is being fed throughfusion centersacross the country, which work with the Department of Homeland Security to make threat assessments on every citizen, including school children.

Wherever you go and whatever you do, you are now being watched, especially if you leave behind an electronic footprint.

When you use your cell phone, you leave a record of when the call was placed, who you called, how long it lasted and even where you were at the time. When you use your ATM card, you leave a record of where and when you used the card. There is even a video camera at most locations equipped with facial recognition software. When you use a cell phone or drive a car enabled with GPS, you can be tracked by satellite. Such information is shared with government agents, including local police. And all of this once-private information about your consumer habits, your whereabouts and your activities is now being fed to the U.S. government.

The government has nearly inexhaustible resources when it comes to tracking our movements, from electronic wiretapping devices, traffic cameras and biometrics to radio-frequency identification cards, satellites and Internet surveillance.

Speech recognition technology now makes it possible for the government to carry out massive eavesdropping by way of sophisticated computer systems. Phone calls can be monitored, the audio converted to text files and stored in computer databases indefinitely. And if any "threatening" words are detectedno matter how inane or sillythe record can be flagged and assigned to a government agent for further investigation. Federal and state governments, again working with private corporations, monitor your Internet content. Users are profiled and tracked in order to identify, target and even prosecute them.

In such a climate, everyone is a suspect. And youre guilty until you can prove yourself innocent.

Heres what a lot of people fail to understand, however: its not just what you say or do that is being monitored, but how youthinkthat is being tracked and targeted.

Weve already seen this play out on the state and federal level with hate crime legislation that cracks down on so-called hateful thoughts and expression, encourages self-censoring and reduces free debate on various subject matter.

Say hello tothe new Thought Police.

Total Internet surveillance by the Corporate State, as omnipresent as God, is used by the government to predict and, more importantly, control the populace, and its not as far-fetched as you might think. For example, the NSA has designed an artificial intelligence system that can anticipate your every move. In a nutshell, the NSA feeds vast amounts of the information it collects to a computer system known asAquaint(the acronym stands for Advanced QUestion Answering for INTelligence), which the computer then uses to detect patterns and predict behavior.

No information is sacred or spared.

Everything from cell phone recordings and logs, to emails, to text messages, to personal information posted on social networking sites, to credit card statements, to library circulation records, to credit card histories, etc., is collected by the NSA and shared freely with its agents.

Thus, what we are witnessing, in the so-called name of security and efficiency, is the creation of a new class system comprised of the watched (average Americans such as you and me) and the watchers (government bureaucrats, technicians and private corporations).

Clearly, the age of privacy is at an end.

So where does that leave us?

We now find ourselves in the unenviable position of being monitored, managed and controlled by our technology, which answers not to us but to our government and corporate rulers. This is the fact-is-stranger-than-fiction lesson that is being pounded into us on a daily basis.

It wont be long before we find ourselves looking back on the past with longing, back to an age where we could speak to whom we wanted, buy what we wanted, think what we wanted without those thoughts, words and activities being tracked, processed and stored by corporate giants such as Google, sold to government agencies such as the NSA and CIA, and used against us by militarized police with their army of futuristic technologies.

To be an individual today, to not conform, to have even a shred of privacy, and to live beyond the reach of the governments roaming eyes and technological spies, one must not only be a rebel but rebel.

Even when you rebel and take your stand, there is rarely a happy ending awaiting you. You are rendered an outlaw.

So how do you survive this global surveillance state?

As I make clear in my bookBattlefield America: The War on the American People, were running out of options.

Well soon have to choose between self-indulgence (the bread-and-circus distractions offered up by the news media, politicians, sports conglomerates, entertainment industry, etc.) and self-preservation in the form of renewed vigilance about threats to our freedoms and active engagement in self-governance.

Yet as Aldous Huxley acknowledged inBrave New World Revisited: Only the vigilant can maintain their liberties, and only those who are constantly and intelligently on the spot can hope to govern themselves effectively by democratic procedures. A society, most of whose members spend a great part of their time, not on the spot, not here and now and in their calculable future, but somewhere else, in the irrelevant other worlds of sport and soap opera, of mythology and metaphysical fantasy, will find it hard to resist the encroachments of those would manipulate and control it.

Which brings me back to this technofascist tyranny being meted out on David Icke and all those like him who dare to voice ideas that diverge from what the government and its corporate controllers deem to be acceptable.

The problem as I see it is that weve allowed ourselves to be persuaded that we need someone else to think and speak for us. And weve allowed ourselves to become so timid in the face of offensive words and ideas that weve bought into the idea that we need the government to shield us from that which is ugly or upsetting or mean.

The result is a society in which weve stopped debating among ourselves, stopped thinking for ourselves, and stopped believing that we can fix our own problems and resolve our own differences.

In short, we have reduced ourselves to a largely silent, passive, polarized populace incapable of working through our own problems and reliant on the government to protect us from our fears.

In this way, we have become our worst enemy.

You want to reclaim some of the ground were fast losing to the techno-tyrants?

Start by thinking for yourself. If that means reading the dangerous ideas being floated out there by the David Ickes of the worldor the John Whiteheads for that matterand then deciding for yourself what is true, so be it.

As Orwell concluded, Freedom is the right to say two plus two make four.

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Technofascism: Digital Book Burning in a Totalitarian Age - John Whitehead's Commentary Technofascism: Digital Book Burning in a Totalitarian Age By...

Opinion: Robert McNeil: Modern comedy might make some folk gag but the joke’s not over yet – HeraldScotland

GLUMNESS settles on a large part of the nation whenever the subject of comedy comes up now. The lockdown has led to a more frenetic search for entertainment, and the current state of humour hasnt wanted for critics. This week, Royle Family star Ricky Tomlinson, 80, said it was dire, and listed several comedians, adding: They should be done under the Trade Description Act.

I sympathised with his assessment, while also feeling there were a few comedians today who are as fine as any of previous generations.

Milton Jones, for example, has a weekly show on BBC Radio 4 that I heartily recommend. I dont like quoting too many jokes (spoilers, in a way), but heres one example.

My business floated last week.

Youre probably just not eating enough fibre.

Think I ruined it by not telling it properly. Its all in the timing. At the current time, incidentally, Radio 4 has been better of late, precisely because, with the coronavirus affecting production, its been utilising its archives.

READ MORE:Coronavirus: Pantos could be cancelled

In the last couple of years, its become an excruciating repository of wokeness, with programme after programme majoring on political correctness and identity politics. Its been relentless

It is, literally, propaganda, but achieved through process, a sort of osmosis, rather than needing a specific identifiable State Department of Comedy and Entertainment, though that cant be far off, particularly in Scotland.

Talking of Scotia, Frankie Boyle is laugh-out-loud funny, being blessed with a fantastic imagination. People underestimate how clever and creative he is. You can cavil at some of his more wince-making subjects (including poor, defenceless targets like newspapers), or be dismayed by the fact that he seems uber-woke, but theres no denying hes a comedy genius.

Mark Steel, another contemporary communist, is also very funny, so I dont think all is lost. That said, Ive found myself delving into the past for comedic solace recently.

I remain a big fan of Alexei Sayle, another communist, regrettably enough, and can at least quote a couple of his jokes from the past (relatively recent), such as his observation that austerity was based on the assumption that the economy could only be fixed by closing Wolverhampton public library.

Or there was his line about the Universal Credit authorities saying someone dying in a doorway could have got a job as a draught excluder.

Ive also been watching the late and lovely Victoria Woods Dinner Ladies, with its splendid characterisations of Lancashire folk (salt of the Earth, in my view), my favourite being Stan the repair man. Had he never married? No, ah like to keep me spanners in the livin room.

Or his chat-up line: Anyway, not to put too fine a point on it, I wondered if youd consider having some sort of sex wi me.

The search for joy in comedy has taken on greater desperation while were all Home Alone. But home, surely, is where we always got most of our comedy.

Id never dream of attending a comedy club, and also eschew larger venues as I cannot relax enough to laugh out loud in public, except when with my mates in the pub (a pub, children, is a place where nice people used to go to be happy).

I ought to come up with a punchline here but cant think of one and can only say that, all joking aside, and speaking as a communist myself, I think theres still a lot of good comedy around.

Opinion: Rab McNeil: Bottom line no nudes is good nudes

Noises off

YOUVE got to laugh. I certainly did, on this occasion at yet more research purporting to show that the garden is good for your psychological wellbeing.

Youre having a you-know-what. Youre lucky if you get 15 quiet minutes before the high-pitched DIY drills and horticultural ordnance starts up. The garden is now the last place I go to for peace and quiet.

For peace of mind, youd be better off walking down Leith Walk or the Great Western Road. The constant, soothing drone of traffic is infinitely preferable to that awful moment that always occurs shortly after youve just sat down in the garden with a glass of lemonade* and a good book.

A light breeze ruffles the foliage of the trees. A blackbird sings intermittently. A dove coos. Its very pleasant.

Then the high-pitched whine starts up and cuts through everything, the very air shaking above the supposed havens of peace outside your back door.

Im starting to think that theres something macho in all this too. If one person (man, generally) starts a racket, someone else will come out to start a bigger one. And, as ever, the formula holds: the bigger the equipment, the smaller the private parts.

While Im having a horticultural moan, leave enough height on your grass for the daisies, buttercups and bees. In line with the buzzcuts of Brutal Britains heids, lawns in this country are scalped to within a millimetre of their lives, presumably to lessen the need to do them again quickly, since you bought a house with a garden but hate gardening.

No offence, but you really are the most peculiar species. I cannot begin to tell you how much Im looking forward to returning to my own planet.

* The names of some drinks have been changed in this article.

Twos a crowd

HOW I sympathised with the older gentlemen who complained in the pages of this newspaper about young couples, in particular, who refuse to go into single file when approaching others using a narrow path or pavement.

I dont understand this. Do they think they can just breenge into you like a collective tank? This sort of behaviour was bad enough before the coronavirus but is particularly reprehensible now.

On greenways and urban paths, and in city parks, the vast majority of complaints have cited cyclists and joggers. But nobody expected any better of these self-regarding narcissi.

Young couples on foot, and perhaps even in love, ought to be in a better frame of mind than the usual sweat-scattering bullies and fops. They should be full of the joys of life. They should be nice. They should be considerate.

We all wish them well. But, soon, well be wishing they were imprisoned, or at least given on-the-spot fines, if they persist in their pathway truculence. One can only hope that, after this nightmare ends, the new Post-Viral Order will inaugurate compulsory classes in Decency and Manners for all citizens.

Lego my ear

LIKE most people who grew up to be decent citizens, I deplored both Lego and Meccano as a child. To me, these seemed pointless exercises for sprogs with cogs for brains.

I was similarly appalled by jigsaws. Why take a perfectly good picture and break it into pieces solely for the purpose of reassembling it?

Sadly, I was never in a position to campaign for abolition of these practices. If I complained about having a Lego set bunged at me for Christmas, Father would say: Shut up, you. Mother would intervene, saying: Dont speak to him like that, Robert Senior. Hes peculiar. I mean sensitive.

Press photies this week showed former football star David Beckham proudly posing with a Lego model of Hogwarts Castle that hed built. It was disgraceful.

Like me, Gandalf the wizard deplored breaking things into pieces only to reassemble them, saying: He that breaks a thing to find out what it is has left the path of wisdom.

In adolescence, I showed these words to Father but, in a surprisingly deft movement, he reached forward and twisted my ear immoderately.

Our columns are a platform for writers to express their opinions. They do not necessarily represent the views of The Herald.

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Opinion: Robert McNeil: Modern comedy might make some folk gag but the joke's not over yet - HeraldScotland

The Freak Brothers Clip Finds A Way to Get a Mask on Donald Trump – Bleeding Cool News

The Freak Brothers executive producers Mark Canton and Courtney Solomon's adult animated cartoon adaptation of the hippie-era underground comic lined up a killer line-up of vocal talents: Woody Harrelson ("Hunger Games" franchise), John Goodman (The Conners), Tiffany Haddish (The Last O.G.), and Pete Davidson (Saturday Night Live). To further make their case, they released the first of four upcoming webisodes to help introduce viewers to our time-displaced heroes: Freewheelin' Franklin Freek (Harrelson), Fat Freddy Freekowtski (Goodman), Phineas T. Phreakers (Davidson), and their cat, Kitty (Haddish).

In the first chapter, our fellow freaks are nostalgic for the OG taste of The Colonel's original fried chicken recipe of "seven herbs and spices" so they make it their mission to enjoy that taste one more time. Unfortunately, they find out who they have to go through to get it: Donald Trump (John Di Domenico). As you're about to see in this focus clip from the webisode, that's a lot easier to write than to get done when you're dealing with a man who would definitely change Mt. Rushmore in real life if he could get away with it. The clip does have us wondering just how large those masks would have to be.

In 1969, life in San Francisco consists of free love, communal living, and political protest. Freewheelin' Franklin Freek (Harrelson), Fat Freddy Freekowtski (Goodman), Phineas T. Phreakers (Davidson) and their mischievous, foul-mouthed cat, Kitty (Haddish) spend their days dodging many things the draft, the narcs and steady employment all while searching for an altered state of bliss.

But after partaking of a genetically mutated strain of marijuana, the Freaks wake up 50 years later to discover a much different society. Quickly feeling like fish out of water in a high-tech world of fourth-wave feminism, extreme gentrification, and intense political correctness, the Freaks learn how to navigate life in 2020 where, surprisingly, their precious cannabis is now legal.

Written by Dave Krinsky and John Althschuler (Silicon Valley), and Daniel Lehrer and Jeremy Lehrer (Highly Gifted), the eight-episode series has tapped Alan Cohen and Alan Freedland (King of the Hill) to serve as showrunners. The series is expected to premiere this fall, with work on the pilot reportedly complete. The series is currently considering distribution offers, and production on the remaining 22-minute episodes currently underway. Krinsky, Althschuler, Daniel Lehrer, and Jeremy Lehrer produce, with Workaholics alums Adam Devine and Blake Anderson executive producing. Canton and Solomon for WTG Enterprises, Gilbert Shelton, and Manfred Mroczkowski also executive produce, with Jeffrey S. Edell serving as co-executive producer. Starburns Industries (Rick and Morty) and Pure Imagination Studios (The Simpsons) are handling animation.

Serving as Television Editor since 2018, Ray began five years earlier as a contributing writer/photographer before being brought on board as staff in 2017.

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The Freak Brothers Clip Finds A Way to Get a Mask on Donald Trump - Bleeding Cool News

COVID-19 Exposed the Divide Between White Rural Georgia and Atlanta – zocalopublicsquare.org

by James C. Cobb|May6,2020

The number of Georgias confirmed coronavirus cases jumped by 30 percent in the seven days before Governor Brian Kemp appeared at the state capitol in Atlanta on April 20. There and then, he announced that he was relaxing his previous shelter-in-place order and allowing gyms, barbershops, tattoo parlors, and ultimately, restaurants as well, to reopen.

This was hardly welcome news a scant five miles to the northeast, where experts at the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention were warning that such a move would be extremely risky until the incidence of infection is genuinely low. Although these same Atlanta-based experts had cautioned in mid-February that people who contracted the virus but remained asymptomatic could still infect others, Kemp claimed to have heard that early warning for the first time only on the eve of his grudging and long-overdue April 2 announcement that he was imposing restrictions in the first place.

The CDC has been in Atlanta since its beginnings in 1946. Its rise to prominence as one of the worlds most respected public health protection agencies has long been a point of pride for the citys perennially image-polishing, growth-obsessed leaders. By the 1970s their ardent courtship of the approval and capital investments of Fortune 500 executives hadled disgusted rural Georgians to complain that Atlanta had been surrendered to the Yankees yet again, and this time without a single shot being fired.

But rural antagonism toward Atlanta is hardly of recent vintage. It has been a defining element in Georgia politics for almost 150 years. And therein lies much of the story behind the story of the Georgia governors apparent aloofness to the health jewel in his own capitals crown, and to all the CDC expertise that could have helped avoid the healthcare disaster that may soon envelop his entire state.

The physical and financial devastation of the Civil War left Georgias farmers, white and black alike, trapped in an accelerating down swirl of dependency and debt. But by 1900, Atlanta, which had been a modest railroad hub of some 9,500 in 1860, had blossomed into a flourishing state capital and commercial and transportation center of 90,000. Atlanta was not only Georgias largest city. It had risen from the ashes, and proudly so. Its biggest booster, editor and orator Henry W. Grady, declared it a gleaming embodiment of a New South. With Atlanta as its guiding light, Grady predicted, the rest of Georgia would quickly shed its dependence on agriculture to embrace industrialization, urbanization, and commerce and soon be savoring the fruits of an unparalleled prosperity.

This divergence of urban and rural economic fortunes and momentum did not go unnoticed in the countryside. As the largest state by land area east of the Mississippi, Georgia already had 123 counties by 1870. Growing unease over the growth of Atlantas population and potential political clout helped to explain why the rural majority in the legislature took the lead in adding of another 29 counties over the next half century. But the sense that even this further dilution of Atlantas potential clout might be insufficient to safeguard rural prerogatives gave rise to one of the most blatant and brutally effective anti-urban political artifices ever devised.

Used informally for over a decade before it gained legal sanction in 1917, the county-unit system supplanted the popular vote as the means of determining the outcome of statewide elections in Georgia. This arrangement was basically a downsized and even more egregiously anti-democratic version of the national Electoral College. Under the system, each county, no matter how tiny its population, was assigned at least two unit votes, while no county, no matter how populous, was granted more than six.

The effectiveness of this device in neutering Atlanta politically was proven in countless elections, including the 1946 Georgia gubernatorial primary, when fewer than 1,100 votes cast for one candidate across three of the states most sparsely populated counties effectively countered more than 58,000 votes cast for his opponent in Atlantas home county of Fulton. The beneficiary of this particular thwarting of democracy was Eugene Talmadge, who was elected governor four times between 1932 and 1946 by appealing to rural voters with such proven stratagems as inviting them to join him on the front porch of the governors mansion in Atlanta so they could piss over the rail on those city bastards.

It was a point of pride for ol Gene that he had never campaigned in a county where there were streetcars. And he relished his studied role as nemesis to all things cosmopolitan and erudite, intimating more than once that he felt that any home boasting a Bible and a Sears, Roebuck catalog had as much of a library as it needed.

Understandably enough, as a historian of that era reported, upper-class Atlantans embarrassed and repelled by the buffoonish mockery of their refinement and expertise that emanated from the countryside were quite evidently not proud of [the rest of] Georgia. Such feelings were hardly a secret, and, if anything, served only to stoke the Atlanta-bashing that remained a fixture of Georgia gubernatorial politics between 1920 and 1962, when not a single urbanite managed to claim the states highest office.

Carl E. Sanders, who hailed from Augusta rather than Atlanta, managed to break that protracted dry spell in 1962, after the courts had finally forced Georgia to scuttle the county unit system for good. Finally free of its anti-progressive clutches, Georgia saw a rapid and vitally important expansion of Atlantas generally moderating political influences within the statewhich, despite the ranting of rural politicians determined to preserve segregation at all costs, may ultimately have kept Georgia from joining the full retreat that wrought such havoc and horror in Alabama and Mississippi.

The beneficiary of this particular thwarting of democracy was Eugene Talmadge, who was elected governor four times between 1932 and 1946 by appealing to rural voters with such proven stratagems as inviting them to join him on the front porch of the governors mansion in Atlanta so they couldpiss over the railon those city bastards.

The demise of the county unit system seemed to point to a more sophisticated approach to statewide campaigning, but old habits die hard. Even more progressive candidates were still not above pandering to enduring anti-Atlanta, or at least anti-urban, sentiments. These included Jimmy Carter, who portrayed himself in the 1970 gubernatorial primary as just a simple, hardworking country peanut farmer, while referring to his principal opponent, former governor Sanders, as Cufflinks Carl, an elitist, country club liberal wholly out of touch with the common folk of rural Georgia.

Although Carter proved the exception, gubernatorial candidates who used Atlanta as a punching bag historically reserved a few licks for African Americans and other minorities as well. None in recent memory has sunk so low as Eugene Talmadge, whose deliberate attempts to inflame racial passions in the 1946 campaign set the stage for the lynching of two black couples in rural Walton County shortly after the votes were cast. Race-baiting was Talmadges stock-in-trade, but his rhetoric was especially heated in 1946 because, courtesy of a recent court decree, that contest was the first truly meaningful election in the 20th century in which more than a relative scattering of black people had been allowed to vote in Georgia.

Black voting would remain limited, especially in Georgias rural counties, until Congress passed the Voting Rights Act of 1965, which quickly boosted black registration from 34 to 55 percent of the eligible population, rendering outright race-mongering a bit risky for any white candidate in a statewide contest. The Voting Rights Act also accelerated the exodus of white Georgians from Democratic Party. During the 1964 presidential election, a few months after the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, the state moved into the Republican presidential column for the first time. Save for three elections, two of them involving Democrat Jimmy Carter, it has remained there since, paving the way for a Republican takeover of both houses in the state legislature in 2004.

Because this political revolution was so overwhelmingly race-driven at the outset, Republican strength in Georgia has been most apparent, not in Atlanta or its immediate environs, but in the majority-white counties most geographically and culturally distant from them. Meanwhile, over a strikingly short time, metropolitan Atlanta counties have seen a massive influx of more affluent white and African American people from outside the state, and upwardly mobile black people have also left the city proper for the suburbs and even the exurbs. The result has been a decided purpling of these heavily populated counties adjacent to Atlanta, reflected in the Republican Brian Kemps meager 1.3 percent victory over Democrat Stacey Abrams in the 2018 gubernatorial election.

A former Athens businessman, Kemp appeared to reach straight back into the old Gene Talmadge playbook in that campaign, presenting himself as a rural superhero who flaunted his disdain for political correctness and other city-slicker signifiers. This persona came through vividly in his ads. One showed him, clad in cowboy boots and jeans, pointing his shotgun at his daughters supposed boyfriend; in another, he sat behind the wheel of the slightly dented pickup truck, which he promised to use to round up undocumented migrants.

Kemps calculated rusticity served him well in the 125 predominantly rural counties where he racked up an average victory margin of 38 percent, but it almost backfired on him statewide. Abrams persuaded her metropolitan base of minorities and moderate whites to turn out in large numbers. With the county unit system gone, it makes a difference that some 60 percent of Georgias voters now reside in the fast growing, larger metro Atlanta counties, where, on average, Abrams bested Kemp by 17 percent in 2018. Kemps narrow escape illustrates why he and his Republican colleagues have dedicated themselves to suppressing minority voting, a role he embraced with bravado in his previous post as Georgias Secretary of State. The Atlanta Journal-Constitution, (another local entity not high on his list) reported that in 2017, as he prepared to run for governor, he had managed to purge the rolls of some half-million, largely black and Hispanic would-be voters.

Kemps hostility to immigrants seemed to put him solidly in step with President Donald Trump, at least until the governor declined to appoint ardent Trumpite Republican Congressman Doug Collins to fill the seat left vacant by the resignation of U.S. Senator Johnny Isakson. Kemps eagerness to get back into Trumps good graces may help to explain why he leapt well ahead of other Republican governors to respond to White House pressure to re-open their states during the COVID crisis. Another explanation might be that much of the lobbying for the sheltering in place and restrictions on business operations came from in and around Atlantarather than the less populous rural counties where Kemps political biscuits are buttered.

Up to this point, residents of Georgias rural areas have been noticeably more inclined than their metropolitan counterparts to see social distancing and cutbacks in business operations as unwarranted disruptions instigated by outsiders, including scientists and liberal politicians, with no sense of the importance of maintaining the familiar economic and social rhythms of their communities. Ironically, with reported cases now on the rise in rural Georgia, it is there that the worst fears about Kemps decision to reopen the state early may be realized.

Rural black countieswith older and poorer-than-average populations beset by heart disease, lung disease, and diabetes, and lacking ready access to health carehave already registered death rates from the virus that are 50 percent higher than in metro areas. These same health problems are also well-known in many of the white majority counties claimed by Kemp in 2018. More than a third of these white counties are currently without a functioning hospital.

Kemps country cracker guise worked just well enough to get him into the governors office. But it also may have obligated him to artificially distance himself from the CDC. If so, his stiff-necked resolve to adhere to the Georgia political tradition of defying the Atlanta intelligentsia, rather than heeding the most informed advice available for combating an epic medical emergency, may wind up being more catastrophic for his political supporters than for those who opposed him.

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