Select Page ::

Online Gambling & Betting Market Size & Trends 2020 Research Report with COVID-19 Analysis and Forecast to 2026 – Cole of Duty

Posted on May 19, 2020 by Danzig

Facts & Factors Market Researchadded a recent report onOnline Gambling & Betting Market By Game Form Type (Poker, Casino, Sports Betting, Bingo, Lottery, and Others), By Component Analysis (software, and services) and By Device Analysis (Desktop, Mobile, And Others): Global Industry Perspective, Market Size, Statistical Research, Market Intelligence, Comprehensive Analysis, Historical Trends, and Forecasts, 20192026to its research database. The Online Gambling & Betting Market research report is an output of a brief assessment and an extensive analysis of practical data collected from the global industry.

This specialized and expertise oriented industry research report scrutinizes the technical and commercial business outlook of the Online Gambling & Betting industry. The report analyzes and declares the historical and current trends analysis of the Online Gambling & Betting industry and subsequently recommends the projected trends anticipated to be observed in the Online Gambling & Betting market during the upcoming years.

TheOnline Gambling & Betting marketreport analyzes and notifies the industry statistics at the global as well as regional and country levels to acquire a thorough perspective of the entire Online Gambling & Bettingt market. The historical and past insights are provided for FY 2016 to FY 2019 whereas projected trends are delivered for FY 2020 to FY 2026. The quantitative and numerical data is represented in terms of value from FY 2016 2026.

The quantitative data is further underlined and reinforced by comprehensive qualitative data which comprises various across-the-board market dynamics. The rationales which directly or indirectly impact the Online Gambling & Betting industry are exemplified through parameters such as growth drivers, restraints, challenges, and opportunities among other impacting factors.

Request an Exclusive Free Sample Report of Online Gambling & Betting Market:https://www.fnfresearch.com/sample/online-gambling-betting-market-by-game-form-type

Our Every Free Sample Includes:

COVID-19 Impact Analysis, A research report overview, TOC, list of tables and figures, an overview of major market players, and key regions included.

Some of Top Market Players Analysis Included in this Report:

The Market Player Analysis based on some of below Factors:

This research report provides forecasts in terms of CAGR, and Y-O-Y growth. This helps to understand the overall market and to recognize the growth opportunities in the global Online Gambling & Betting Market. The report also includes a detailed profile and information of all the major market players currently active in the global Online Gambling & Betting Market. The companies covered in the report can be evaluated based on their latest developments, financial and business overview, product portfolio, key trends in the market, long-term and short-term business strategies by the companies to stay competitive in the market.

The global Online Gambling & Betting Market size & trends are classified based on the types of products, application segments, and end-user. Each segment expansion is assessed together with the estimation of their growth in the upcoming period. The related data and statistics collected from the regulatory organizations are portrayed in the Online Gambling & Betting Market report to assess the growth of each segment.

Request Customized Copy of Report @https://www.fnfresearch.com/customization/online-gambling-betting-market-by-game-form-type

(We customize your report according to your research need. Ask our sales team for report customization).

Available Customization Options:

The Online Gambling & Betting Market can be customized to the country level or any other market segment. Besides this, Report understands that you may have your own business need, hence we also provide fully customized solutions to clients.

KEY REPORT POINTERS & HIGHLIGHTS:

To Know More about Discount on Specific Report, Kindly Mail us at [[emailprotected]]with Your requirement. We will send you a quote and discount offer, if available.

About Us:

Facts & Factorsis a leading market research company and offers customized research reports and consulting services. Facts & Factors aims at management consulting, industry chain research, and advanced research to assist our clients by providing planned revenue model for their business. Our report and services are used by prestigious academic institutions, start-ups, and companies globally to understand the international and regional business background. Our wide-ranging database offers statistics and detailed analysis of different industries worldwide that help the clients in achieving sustainable progress. The well-organized reports help clients in developing strategies and making informed business decisions.

Facts & Factors

Global Headquarters

Level 8, International Finance Center, Tower 2,

8 Century Avenue, Shanghai,

Postal 200120, China

Tel: +8621 80360450

E-Mail:[emailprotected]

Web:https://www.fnfresearch.com

Continue reading here:

Online Gambling & Betting Market Size & Trends 2020 Research Report with COVID-19 Analysis and Forecast to 2026 - Cole of Duty

Ohio shuttered casino, racino industry now down $229 million in gambling revenue for the year – cleveland.com

Posted on May 19, 2020 by Danzig

CLEVELAND, Ohio - Ohios 11 casinos and racinos, out of business since mid-March under the governors coronavirus-related ban on large gatherings, are $229 million behind in gambling revenue for the first four months of 2020.

The industry has taken in $410.8 million on gambling, after paying out winnings, down from $640.1 million through April a year ago.

A third of this money is forwarded to the state as fees and taxes.

The four casinos and seven racinos across Ohio have been shuttered since March 14 following orders from Gov. Mike DeWine.

The industry had been off to a roaring start in 2020, with monthly records of $167.5 million in January and $171.4 million in February. Revenue dropped to $71.9 million in March and to nothing in April.

Here are the January through April revenue reports for the 11 facilities versus the same four months last year:

* Belterra Park - down 38% from $27.3 million to $16.8 million.

* Eldorado Gaming Scioto - down 34% from $58.5 million to $38.9 million.

* Hollywood Casino Columbus - down 37% from $77.6 million to $49 million.

* Hollywood Casino Toledo - down 40% from $67.3 million to $40.5 million.

* Hollywood Dayton - down 35% from $38.1 million to $24.8 million.

* Hollywood Mahoning Valley - down 36% from $42.3 million to $27 million.

* JACK Cincinnati Casino - down 34% from $69.7 million to $45.8 million.

* JACK Cleveland Casino - down 36% from $69.5 million to $44.6 million.

* JACK Thistldown Racino - down 35% from $45.8 million to $29.9 million.

* MGM Northfield Park - down 35% from $84.6 million to $55.1 million.

* Miami Valley Gaming - down 35% from $59.4 million to $38.3 million.

These totals from the Casino Control and Lottery commissions do not include wagering on horses at the racinos.

Rich Exner, data analysis editor for cleveland.com, writes about numbers on a variety of topics. Follow on Twitter @RichExner. Follow casino coverage at cleveland.com/casino.

Go here to read the rest:

Ohio shuttered casino, racino industry now down $229 million in gambling revenue for the year - cleveland.com

Gambling 101: What is Covering the Spread? – Sports Illustrated

Posted on May 19, 2020 by Danzig

Simply put, covering the spread is the goal of every bettor who has placed a point spread bet. This SI Gambling 101 feature explains what it takes to cover the spread.

What is a Point Spread?

Designed to create action on both sides when one is deemed superior to the other, point spread betting was invented by mathematician Charles K. McNeil and introduced in the early 1940s. Against the spread (ATS) wagering is part of the standard big three betting options, which also includes moneylines and totals. Points spreads are a popular gambling choice in pro and college football as well as basketball. Here are some examples of ATS betting odds from the NCAA, NBA and NFL.

NCAA Football Point Spread

Clemson 5.5 (-110)LSU -5.5 (-110)

NBA Point Spread

Houston Rockets +6 (-110)Los Angeles Lakers -6 (-110)

NFL Point Spread

Green Bay Packers +3 (-110)Minnesota Vikings -3 (-110)

How Does a Bet Cover the Spread?

LSU (-5.5) was posted as the point spread favorite against Clemson (+5.5) during the 2020 NCAA football National Championship game. That means LSU needed to not only beat Clemson, but win by more than 5.5 points in order to cover the spread. After falling behind, 17-7 in the second quarter, Joe Burrow and LSU stormed back and crushed Clemson 42-25. Bettors who wagered on LSU easily covered the spread because the Tigers won by 17.

Favorites are always listed with a negative (-) point spread line while the underdog is posted with positive (+) odds. In the NBA example above, Los Angeles needed to win by more than six points to cover the spread versus Houston. If the Lakers won by exactly six points, the bet would be ruled a push and whatever money was wagered would be returned to the bettor.

Why Bet a Spread?

Many bettors like betting spreads because they either get a better return on their investment wagering on a favorite or because they like the underdog to keep the game close but not necessarily win. In the three examples above, bettors would earn a $100 return on a $110 wager on any of the teams to cover the spread. Betting on the Vikings to win outright as a three-point favorite would likely come at the cost of -150 odds as opposed to -110. That means youd have to bet $150 to win the same $100. In other terms, a $100 bet on the Vikings to cover the spread would net a return of $90.90, while that same bet on the Vikings just to win (moneyline) would net a return of $66.70.

MORE GAMBLING TERMS YOU NEED TO KNOW

Continue reading here:

Gambling 101: What is Covering the Spread? - Sports Illustrated

National Gambling Education and Support Programme Launched for the UK – European Gaming Industry News

Posted on May 19, 2020 by Danzig

Reading Time: 3 minutes

GamCare and YGAM will be working together to provide a new national gambling education and support programme for young people aged 11-19 across the UK.

The initiative will equip a generation of young people to better understand the risks associated with gambling and engage with gambling products and environments in an informed way.

The programme is part of a package of BGC Safer Gambling Commitments announced in November 2019. It will involve direct provision of education to 120,000 young people, in addition to the training of over 100,000 professionals who deliver education to young people including teachers, youth workers, community mental health practitioners, police and community sports trusts.

GamCare and YGAM have set out the following shared aspirations for gambling education in the UK:

All 11-19-year-olds in England, Wales and Northern Ireland receive at least one session of gambling awareness education during their secondary/further education (provision in Scotland is delivered through Fast Forward)

All teachers, youth workers and other professionals working with young people should have access to information about the risks of gambling, how to identify gambling related harm in young people and where help can be sought.

All parents and families should have access to information about young peoples gambling, how to keep young people safe, and where they can be referred for help and support.

All young people (aged 18 and under) who are at risk of or have developed a problem with gambling, or are affected by the gambling of someone close to them (e.g. a parent), should have access to age-appropriate treatment

The evidence-led, evaluated, and accredited education programmes extend beyond the individuals they reach directly by equipping people with the skills and confidence to talk to others about gambling harms and identify harmful behaviour in those close to them.

Anna Hemmings, CEO of GamCare, says:

GamCare have been working with young people and youth facing professionals to deliver gambling education for many years. What we see in the classroom tends to be polarised views on gambling, and a lack of clear understanding about its potential risks. We are delighted to be working with YGAM and extending this much needed programme. We believe that gambling education should have parity with education around other risky behaviours and the extension of this programme will help us take a significant step towards achieving that aim.

Lee Willows, founder and CEO of YGAM, says:

Building upon our five-year track record of training professionals who have influence over young peoples learning, we are delighted to be working with GamCare, the Betting & Gaming Council and their members and our various external evaluation partners to scale our geographical reach to deliver this ambitious programme. Raising awareness and harm-prevention education is an important component to reduce gambling-related harms. By training professionals who have influence over young peoples learning, we will equip these professionals with the skills, knowledge and confidence to not only deliver the programme but also highlight the age-appropriate support available from GamCare.

The education programme will be supported by a range of high-quality materials developed in accordance with PSHE Association, City and Guilds and Pearson quality standards.

To ensure the programme is delivered throughout the COVID-19 lockdown, resources will be further enriched by quality video and digital content reflective of the spaces in which young people consume information.

Those identified as being impacted by gambling-related harm through the programme will be able to receive seamless access to help and support from the GamCare team and via our youth facing website: http://www.BigDeal.org.uk

The Betting and Gaming Council is providing funds for the programme to the Charities Aid Foundation, which will disperse the funds to GamCare and YGAM in accordance with the grant. The programme will be overseen by an independent evaluator who will report regularly on progress against key target objectives.

National Gambling Education and Support Programme Launched for the UK - European Gaming Industry News

Landis business owner charged with operating illegal gambling establishment – Salisbury Post – Salisbury Post

Posted on May 19, 2020 by Danzig

LANDIS A Landis business owner was charged Tuesday with offenses related to operating a gambling establishment after a monthlong investigation by the Rowan County Sheriffs Office.

Jack Lewis Faggart Jr., 59, of China Grove, was charged with two counts of operating/possessing a slot machine, permitting the use of a slot machine at a location under his management or control, possessing gaming machines that allowed the machines to exceed the limits of eight accumulated credits or replays and operating more than five video gaming machines.

Faggart, the owner of Snack Shack, was operating under the guise of being a convenience store/landscaping supply business in Landis, the sheriffs office said.

The sheriffs office served a search warrant April 16 at the business, located at 3125 North Cannon Blvd.

The search warrant was based on an undercover operation and citizen complaints that the business was a gambling establishment and also violating the governors stay-at-home order, according to the sheriffs office.

The investigation showed that the Snack Shack had 19 gambling machines, all slot machines, a news release said. These gaming machines operated with several types of software. Officials said 13 machines had money receivers and some still had currency in them. The machines allowed patrons to bet more than eight credits, which violates state law. The business allegedly was paying cash for winnings, another violation of state law.

During the search of the business, detectives seized six central processing units connected to gaming terminals, three motherboards, one server, documents and $11,343 in cash. Records showed that the gaming machines were taking in more than $10,000 per week and profiting multiple thousands of dollars per week, a news release said.

On Tuesday, April 28, additional search warrants were executed by the Rowan County Sheriffs Office at the Snack Shack and a second location. Investigators seized documents and an additional $13,920 in cash.

At the time of the execution of the search warrants on April 28, Faggart was also cited for violating the governors executive order.

Faggart was released on a written promise.

See original here:

Landis business owner charged with operating illegal gambling establishment - Salisbury Post - Salisbury Post

Daily Fantasy Sports and In-Game Gambling Market Future Opportunities, Revenue Growth, Valuation And Gain 2020-2026 – Cole of Duty

Posted on May 19, 2020 by Danzig

Researchmoz.us present a comprehensive research document namely Global Daily Fantasy Sports and In-Game Gambling Market Size, Status and Forecast 2020-2026 which reveals an intensive analysis of worldwide enterprise by way of handing over the targeted information approximately drawing close developments, customers expectations, technological improvements, aggressive dynamics and running capital inside the market. This is an in-intensity look at of the marketplace enlightening key forecast to 2020. Some of the key players profiled in the study areDraftKings, Dribble, FanDuel, FantasyDraft, Sportito, Yahoo!, Activision Blizzard, EA, Sony, Tencent.

For Better Understanding, Download FREE Sample Copy of Daily Fantasy Sports and In-Game Gambling Market Report in Just One Single Step @https://www.researchmoz.us/enquiry.php?type=S&repid=2601536

Key Issues Addressed by Daily Fantasy Sports and In-Game Gambling Market: The Daily Fantasy Sports and In-Game Gambling report is a compilation of first-hand information, qualitative and quantitative assessment by industry analysts, inputs from industry experts and industry participants across the value chain. The report provides in-depth analysis of parent market trends, macro-economic indicators and governing factors along with market attractiveness as per segments.

Key Businesses Segmentation of Daily Fantasy Sports and In-Game Gambling Market:

On the basis of type/product,this report displays the sales volume, revenue (Million USD), product price, market share and growth rate ofeach type, primarily split into-

DFS (Daily Fantasy Sports) Loot Boxes Skin Gambling Others

On the basis of the applications,this report focuses on the status and outlook for major applications/end users, sales volume, market share and growth rate of Daily Fantasy Sports and In-Game Gamblingforeach application, including-

Teens Adults

Daily Fantasy Sports and In-Game Gambling Market Regional Analysis Includes:

Asia-Pacific (Vietnam, China, Malaysia, Japan, Philippines, Korea, Thailand, India, Indonesia, and Australia) Europe (Turkey, Germany, Russia UK, Italy, France, etc.) North America (the United States, Mexico, and Canada.) South America (Brazil etc.) The Middle East and Africa (GCC Countries and Egypt.)

Key Insights that Study is going to provide:

The 360-degree Daily Fantasy Sports and In-Game Gambling overview based on a global and regional level Market Share & Sales Revenue by Key Players & Emerging Regional Players Competitors In this section, various Daily Fantasy Sports and In-Game Gambling industry leading players are studied with respect to their company profile, product portfolio, capacity, price, cost, and revenue. A separate chapter on Daily Fantasy Sports and In-Game Gambling market Entropy to gain insights on Leaders aggressiveness towards market [Merger & Acquisition / Recent Investment and Key Developments] Patent Analysis** No of patents / Trademark filed in recent years.

Grab Maximum Discount on Daily Fantasy Sports and In-Game Gambling Market Research Report [Single User | Multi User | Corporate Users] @https://www.researchmoz.us/enquiry.php?type=E&repid=2601536

Table of Content:

Global Daily Fantasy Sports and In-Game Gambling Market Size, Status and Forecast 20261. Report Overview2. Market Analysis by Types3. Product Application Market4. Manufacturers Profiles/Analysis5. Market Performance for Manufacturers6. Regions Market Performance for Manufacturers7. Global Daily Fantasy Sports and In-Game Gambling Market Performance (Sales Point)8. Development Trend for Regions (Sales Point)9. Upstream Source, Technology and Cost10. Channel Analysis11. Consumer Analysis12. Market Forecast 2020-202613. Conclusion

For More Information Kindly Contact:

ResearchMoz.usMr. Rohit Bhisey,90 State Street,Albany NY,United States 12207Tel: +1-518-621-2074USA-Canada Toll Free: 866-997-4948Email: [emailprotected]Media Release: https://www.researchmoz.us/pressrelease

Follow this link:

Daily Fantasy Sports and In-Game Gambling Market Future Opportunities, Revenue Growth, Valuation And Gain 2020-2026 - Cole of Duty

Opposition thwarts Gambling Act – Trinidad News

Posted on May 19, 2020 by Danzig

NewsCarla Bridglal2 Days AgoColm Imbert -

The Opposition abstained from voting on the Gambling (Gaming and Betting) Control Bill on Friday. Since passage required a three-fifths majority, the bill failed to pass, garnering only 20 Government votes instead of the required 26. In lieu of overall legislation that would have strengthened the regulations for the gaming industry, the Government is now forced to amend existing, weaker legislation to add some kind of control to the sector.

The bill, Finance Minister Colm Imbert said in a press briefing following the failed vote, was a carbon copy of the bill passed by the UNC in 2015.

We never expected them to reject their own bill. (Now) we have to come with some other regulation. (It) would not be as powerful but will certainly close some loophole regarding tax evasion.

Since the Government cant deal with this bill, Imbert said, it can instead deal with other weaker legislation and put teeth on that, for example, laws on private members' clubs.

The gambling bill was passed in the House in 2015 under the previous UNC coalition government, but before it was passed in the Senate, Parliament was dissolved to make way for the general election, and the process had to be restarted, under a new PNM administration.

The government presented the identical bill for passage but, Imbert said, the Opposition found fault and demanded a joint select committee, including new consultations with stakeholders and international experts all to which the Government acquiesced. Then today, for the vote, the Opposition abstained.

All over the world all of these casino industries are regulated by a gambling commission, a special purpose regulatory body because of the amount of money involved and the dangerous pitfalls of money laundering and criminal activity. This was the whole purpose of this bill a commission with power and thats why it needed a special majority and what that power would do is keep undesirables out of the industry, Imbert said of the bill.

Now, the strategy will be to go to a less powerful amendment to address the problems of criminality.

No reasonable person in this industry would be against regulation because with regulation you can have growth. Right now, these clubs are operating under the radar doing things they should not be doing. But because the law is so weak some can get away with it. I suspect the reasonable ones would endorse regulation. Its only people who want to avoid paying taxes and engage in criminal activity (who would be against it).

He suggested the industry might have lobbied the Opposition against supporting the bill.

The estimate of money lost to taxpayers is $500 million but this is a $16 billion industry that is unregulated. So that could be the motivation for people not supporting the bill, he said.

In a release late Friday evening, the UNC said the Government was using the covid19 pandemic conveniently as a cover to rush their Parliamentary agenda without proper scrutiny.

This is a subversion of our democracy as it erodes the checks and balances that are built into our system of lawmaking, the release said.

The Gambling Bill was just one such piece of legislation, it said, with others including amendments to the Bail Act, The TT Revenue Authority Act, and the Representation of the People Act.

The UNC has, however, previously stymied attempts by the Government to pass legislation to which it had agreed on and even drafted while in office, including the Anti-Gang legislation and the Fatca Act.

View post:

Opposition thwarts Gambling Act - Trinidad News

NEW LAW TO BAN ONLINE GAMBLING WITH CREDIT CARDS TAKES EFFECT – Island Echo

Posted on May 19, 2020 by Danzig

Online gambling can be quite the fun past time, especially during the current pandemic where weve been more confined to our homes than ever.

While things such as regular casino gambling and sports betting are subdivisions of the gambling industry that will be taking a hit right now, online gambling figures way have shown an increase as people are increasingly looking for something, anything to do. Weve previously reported how the Isle of Wight has become a juggernaut for online gambling since there are no physical casinos present here on the isle and also that Covid-19 has the potential to send shockwaves through the industry both good and bad depending on the type of gambling we look at.

Though online gambling is widely accepted, theres been some scrutiny over the years in regards to the ways you deposit your money on such sites. Credit cards were widely accepted as a form of payment, but what some people did not realise was that credit card companies treat any form of gambling as a cash transaction (cash advance), which usually has fees of around 3% associated with it. The crux is theres usually a minimum charge of 3. So, if youre depositing a quick tenner here and there, you may have been faced with whats equivalent to a 30% fee slapped on top. Team this with offers like a casino welcome bonus, that is usually several times the deposit amount, and many people could be sucked into the world of online gambling overnight, with no real knowledge of the associated credit card fees.

In addition to this, with many people having higher credit limits than whats usually in their current accounts (a by-product of having a solid credit rating and getting regular credit reviews), theres too much potential for online gambling with credit cards to become a problem, especially for those who suffer from addiction. Which is why, on 14th April this year, the Gambling Commission decided to ban the use of credit cards as payment for online gambling deposits.

The new law doesnt just cover online gambling either, it covers the entirety of the gambling spectrum meaning that credit cards will not be able to be used in casinos once they reopen to the public. The only exception is for non-remote lotteries, such as National Lottery tickets and scratch cards that are bought in person at a retail outlet. Nevertheless, its still important to remember that these transactions will still face the regular credit card cash advance fees despite not being affected by the new law.

The Chief Executive of the Gambling Commission, Neil McArthur said that credit card gambling can lead to significant financial harm, the ban that we have announced today should minimise the risks of harm to consumers from gambling with money they do not have, as he presented findings that showed a huge 22% of people that use credit cards to gamble are problem gamblers.

View post:

NEW LAW TO BAN ONLINE GAMBLING WITH CREDIT CARDS TAKES EFFECT - Island Echo

Raid leads to gambling, violation of executive order charges – Statesville Record & Landmark

Posted on May 19, 2020 by Danzig

A Rowan County man was arrested on multiple charges related to a gambling establishment operating under the pretense of being a convenience store/landscaping supply business in Landis.

Jack Lewis Faggart, Jr., 59, of China Grove, was arrested by the Rowan County Sheriffs Office Tuesday after a monthlong investigation.

On April 16, the Sheriffs Office executed a search warrant at the Snack Shack, 3125 N. Cannon Blvd., Landis.

The search warrant was based on information developed during an undercover operation and resident complaints that the business was a gambling establishment and also violating Governors Executive Order No. 120, Section 1.b., which required business establishments that allowed gaming activities (e.g. video poker, gaming, sweepstakes, video games, arcade games, pinball machines or other computer, electronic or mechanical devices played for amusement) to close at 5 p.m. March 2.

The order was in effect until at least April 24.

The investigation showed that the Snack Shack had 19 gambling machines, all slot machines by definition of state law, the Sheriffs Office reported. These gaming machines operated with several types of software and 13 of the machines had money receivers and some still had currency in them, authorities said. The machines allowed patrons to bet more than eight credits and the business was paying cash for winnings, both violations of state law, the Sheriffs Office stated.

Seized during the search of the business were six central processing units (CPUs) connected to gaming terminals, three motherboards, one server at the Point of Sale, document and $11,343 in cash, authorities said. Records showed that the gaming machines were taking in more than $10,000 per week and profiting multiple thousands of dollars per week, authorities reported.

On Tuesday additional search warrants were executed by the Sheriffs Office at the Snack Shack and a second location. Seized during these searches were documents and an additional $13,920.

At the time of the execution of the search warrants on April 28, Faggart was cited for violating Governors Executive Order No. 120, Section 1.b.

On May 12, Faggart was charged with the following offenses:

Two counts of operating/possessing a slot machine

Permitting the use of a slot machine at a location under his management or control

Possessing gaming machines that allowed the machines to exceed the limits of eight accumulated credits or replays

Operation of more than five video gaming machines.

Faggart was released on a written promise to appear in court.

Rowan County Sheriffs Office officials said they are committed to enforcement of the states gambling laws and if any gaming establishments reopen after the expiration of the Governors executive orders, the Sheriffs Office will aggressively investigate and prosecute those involved.

See the article here:

Raid leads to gambling, violation of executive order charges - Statesville Record & Landmark

Online Gambling and Betting Market Forecasts 2020-2026 : Growth Analysis By Key Players, Regions, Sorts and Applications 3w Market News Reports – 3rd…

Posted on May 19, 2020 by Danzig

The Online Gambling and Betting market report [6 Years Forecast 2020-2026] focuses on the COVID19 Outbreak Impact analysis of key points influencing the growth of the market. Providing info like market competitive situation, product scope, market overview, opportunities, driving force and market risks. Profile the Top Key Players of Online Gambling and Betting, with sales, revenue and global market share of Online Gambling and Betting are analyzed emphatically by landscape contrast and speak to info. Upstream raw materials and instrumentation and downstream demand analysis is additionally administrated. The Online Gambling and Betting market business development trends and selling channels square measure analyzed. From a global perspective, It also represents overall industry size by analyzing qualitative insights and historical data.

The study encompasses profiles of major companies operating in the global Online Gambling and Betting market. Key players profiled in the report includes : NetEnt AB, GVC Holdings Plc, 888 Holdings Plc, Ladbrokes Coral Group Plc, Fortuna Entertainment Group, Playtech Plc, William Hill Plc, Kindred Plc, Amaya Inc, Paddy Power Betfair Plc, and among others.

Get Free Sample PDF (including COVID19 Impact Analysis, full TOC, Tables and Figures) of Online Gambling and Betting Market @https://www.researchmoz.us/enquiry.php?type=S&repid2333959

The Online Gambling and Betting market report provides a comprehensive analysis of:Industry overview, cost structure analysis, technical data and competitive analysis, topmost players analysis, development trend analysis, overall market overview, regional market analysis, consumers analysis and marketing type analysis.

Scope of Online Gambling and Betting Market:

The global Online Gambling and Betting market is valued at million US$ in 2019 and will reach million US$ by the end of 2026, growing at a CAGR of during 2020-2026. The objectives of this study are to define, segment, and project the size of the Online Gambling and Betting market based on company, product type, application and key regions.

This report studies the global market size of Online Gambling and Betting in key regions like North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, Central & South America and Middle East & Africa, focuses on the consumption of Online Gambling and Betting in these regions.

This research report categorizes the global Online Gambling and Betting market by players/brands, region, type and application. This report also studies the global market status, competition landscape, market share, growth rate, future trends, market drivers, opportunities and challenges, sales channels, distributors, customers, research findings & conclusion, appendix & data source and Porters Five Forces Analysis.

The end users/applications and product categories analysis:

On the basis on the end users/applications,this report focuses on the status and outlook for major applications/end users, sales volume, market share and growth rate foreach application.

On the basis of product,this report displays the sales volume, revenue (Million USD), product price, market share and growth rate ofeach type.

Do You Have Any Query Or Specific Requirement? Ask to Our Industry [emailprotected]https://www.researchmoz.us/enquiry.php?type=E&repid2333959

(*Fill the form and our sales representative will get back to you for assistance)

Online Gambling and Betting Market The Regional analysis covers:

Key Takeaways and Reasons To Buy Online Gambling and Betting Market Report:

And Many More.Contact Us:

ResearchMozMr. Rohit Bhisey,Tel: +1-518-621-2074USA-Canada Toll Free: 866-997-4948Email: [emailprotected]Follow us on LinkedIn @ http://bit.ly/2RtaFUo

Follow me on : https://marketnews-24.blogspot.com/

See original here:

Online Gambling and Betting Market Forecasts 2020-2026 : Growth Analysis By Key Players, Regions, Sorts and Applications 3w Market News Reports - 3rd...

Artificial Intelligence Equipped Supercomputer Mining for COVID-19 Connections in 18 Million Research Documents – SciTechDaily

Posted on May 19, 2020 by Danzig

By DOE/Oak Ridge National LaboratoryMay 19, 2020

Using ORNLs Summit supercomputer, scientists can comb through millions of medical journal articles looking for possible connections among FDA-approved drug therapies and known COVID-19 symptoms. Credit: Dasha Herrmannova/Oak Ridge National Laboratory, U.S. Dept. of Energy

Scientists have tapped the immense power of the Summit supercomputer at Oak Ridge National Laboratory to comb through millions of medical journal articles to identify potential vaccines, drugs, and effective measures that could suppress or stop the spread of COVID-19.

A team comprising researchers from ORNL and Georgia Tech are using artificial intelligence methods designed to unearth relevant information from about 18 million available research documents. They looked for connections among 84 billion concepts and cross-referenced keywords associated with COVID-19 such as high fever, dry cough, and shortness of breath with existing medical solutions.

Our goal is to assist doctors and researchers ability to identify information about drug therapies that are already approved by the U.S. Federal Drug Administration, said ORNLs Ramakrishnan Ramki Kannan.

A massive subset of 6 million documents dated between 2010 and 2015 took 80 minutes, and the entire 18 million will take less than a day to run on Summit. Results will be shared with medical researchers for feedback, which will inform adjustments to improve future calculations.

Educating the Next Generation of Supercomputer Users with Blue Waters – HPCwire

Posted on May 19, 2020 by Danzig

May 18, 2020 Groundbreaking research, like everything, requires a careful concoction of resources. First, it requires a researcher with advanced expertise in the given subject-matter. Next, you must have access to the tools and computing systems that are powerful enough to take an idea and turn it into tangible analysis. Beyond that, the ability to use those resources effectively is vital to producing results.

An equally-important but often-overlooked component of groundbreaking research, however, is the building of the educational pipeline a workforce that is trained in relevant and necessary skills in order to advance and sustain the research being conducted. This pipeline is crucial to guaranteeing that high-level research will continue to enhance discovery and competitiveness.

Through a Blue Waters internship program allocation for her student John McGarigal, Dr. Tulin Kaman, an Assistant Professor in Mathematical Sciences from the University of Arkansas, sought to do just that. By participating in the Blue Waters Internship Program, not only do her students gain experience studying turbulent flows in fusion, but they are also able to incorporate one of the worlds most powerful advanced computing systems into their education.

We do a numerical simulation of realistic applications, which typically occur in Supernova explosions. This occurs in a type of fusion where the confinement is inertial, gravitational and magnetic, said Kaman.

In order to perform these massive simulations, however, a large-scale computing system is necessary.

The mathematical model and numerical simulations are extremely computationally intensive and Blue Waters was a great resource for us to run these simulations on.

Beyond the computational power of Blue Waters, however, the educational component of the Blue Waters system was perhaps the most exciting aspect to Kaman. The Blue Waters Internship Program provided Kamans student, John McGarigal, and Kaman an opportunity where she was able to bring her undergraduate students directly into the supercomputing research ecosystem, allowing them vital hands-on experience in simulating turbulent flows.

Every year, Blue Waters chose interns, and I had two University of Arkansas undergrad students that would be a good fit, said Kaman. My goal was to motivate and train them in high- performance computing, and with the help of Blue Waters, we could actually introduce the use of petascale computing to them, keep them in this field, and give them motivation to succeed.

Via this internship, Kamans student has gained a multitude of skills, all of which are necessary to conduct research at the petascale, but more emphatically, they will carry these skills on with them in their future pursuits.

Through the program, our goal was to teach [our interns] parallel programming models like MPI, distributed memory, OpenMP, etc., and to try to create new development codes, which they did, continued Kaman. This year one of them had an internship at Oak Ridge National Lab in Tennessee, and the other has started an internship in Hewlett-Packard in Texas, where they plan to continue in the direction of high-performance computing.

From the vital experience gained in the Blue Waters Internship Program, Kamans students were able to gain the skills necessary to flourish in research, development and professional careers in all sectors of society, and are active examples of the importance of establishing an HPC-competent workforce pipeline.

About NCSA

TheNational Center for Supercomputing Applications(NCSA) at theUniversity of Illinois at Urbana-Champaignprovides supercomputing and advanced digital resources for the nations science enterprise. At NCSA, University of Illinois faculty, staff, students, and collaborators from around the globe use advanced digital resources to address research grand challenges for the benefit of science and society. NCSA has been advancing one third of the Fortune 50 for more than 30 years by bringing industry, researchers, and students together to solve grand challenges at rapid speed and scale.

Source: NCSA

Continued here:

Educating the Next Generation of Supercomputer Users with Blue Waters - HPCwire

Supercomputers hacked across Europe to mine cryptocurrency – ZDNet

Posted on May 19, 2020 by Danzig

Multiple supercomputers across Europe have been infected this week with cryptocurrency mining malware and have shut down to investigate the intrusions.

Security incidents have been reported in the UK, Germany, and Switzerland, while a similar intrusion is rumored to have also happened at a high-performance computing center located in Spain.

The first report of an attack came to light on Monday from the University of Edinburgh, which runs the ARCHER supercomputer. The organization reported "security exploitation on the ARCHER login nodes," shut down the ARCHER system to investigate, and reset SSH passwords to prevent further intrusions.

The bwHPC, the organization that coordinates research projects across supercomputers in the state of Baden-Wrttemberg, Germany, also announced on Monday that five of its high-performance computing clusters had to be shut down due to similar "security incidents." This included:

Reports continued on Wednesday when security researcher Felix von Leitner claimed in a blog post that a supercomputer housed in Barcelona, Spain, was also impacted by a security issue and had been shut down as a result.

More incidents surfaced the next day, on Thursday. The first one came from the Leibniz Computing Center (LRZ), an institute under the Bavarian Academy of Sciences, which said it was disconnected a computing cluster from the internet following a security breach.

The LRZ announcement was followed later in the day by another from the Julich Research Center in the town of Julich, Germany. Officials said they had to shut down the JURECA, JUDAC, and JUWELS supercomputers following an "IT security incident." And so has the Technical University in Dresden, which announced they had to shut down their Taurus supercomputer as well.

New incidents also came to light today, on Saturday. German scientist Robert Helling published an analysis on the malware that infected a high-performance computing cluster at the Faculty of Physics at the Ludwig-Maximilians University in Munich, Germany.

The Swiss Center of Scientific Computations (CSCS) in Zurich, Switzerland also shut down external access to its supercomputer infrastructure following a "cyber-incident" and "until having restored a safe environment."

None of the organizations above published any details about the intrusions. However, earlier today, the Computer Security Incident Response Team (CSIRT) for the European Grid Infrastructure (EGI), a pan-European organization that coordinates research on supercomputers across Europe, has released malware samples and network compromise indicators from some of these incidents.

The malware samples were reviewed earlier today by Cado Security, a UK-based cyber-security firm. The company said the attackers appear to have gained access to the supercomputer clusters via compromised SSH credentials.

The credentials appear to have been stolen from university members given access to the supercomputers to run computing jobs. The hijacked SSH logins belonged to universities in Canada, China, and Poland.

Chris Doman, Co-Founder of Cado Security, told ZDNet today that while there is no official evidence to confirm that all the intrusions have been carried out by the same group, evidence like similar malware file names and network indicators suggests this might be the same threat actor.

According to Doman's analysis, once attackers gained access to a supercomputing node, they appear to have used an exploit for the CVE-2019-15666 vulnerability to gain root access and then deployed an application that mined the Monero (XMR) cryptocurrency.

Making matters worse, many of the organizations that had supercomputers go down this week had announced in previous weeks that they were prioritizing research on the COVID-19 outbreak, which has now most likely been hampered as a result of the intrusion and subsequent downtime.

These incidents aren't the first time that crypto-mining malware has been installed on a supercomputer. However, this marks the first time when hackers did this. In previous incidents, it was usually an employee who installed the cryptocurrency miner, for their own personal gain.

For example, in February 2018, Russian authorities arrested engineers from the Russian Nuclear Center for using the agency's supercomputer to mine cryptocurrency.

A month later, Australian officials began an investigation into a similar case at the Bureau of Meteorology, where employees used the agency's supercomputer to mine cryptocurrency.

More here:

Supercomputers hacked across Europe to mine cryptocurrency - ZDNet

Argonne Gets New Supercomputing Cluster to Power Further COVID-19 Vaccine and Drug Research – OODA Loop

Posted on May 19, 2020 by Danzig

Argonne National Laboratory is reportedly adding to its research capabilities with a new machine that focuses on COVID-19 data analytics and research. On Wednesday, NVIDIA announced that the new technology will be a high power artificial intelligence focused supercomputer used to fuel the search for new drugs and vaccines to combat the ongoing pandemic. NVIDIA also stated that the tech company developed new pre-trained AI models to help improve the detection of COVID-19 through medical imaging.

The latest AI supercomputer to launch at Argonne will be composted of 24 NVIDIA DGX A100 nodes, each of which performing 5 petaflops of performance, ultimately delivering an additional 120 petaflops of computing power to the lab. The system will be used to better understand the virus and in support of the recently established COVID-19 High-Performance Computing Consortium.

Read More: Argonne Gets New Supercomputing Cluster to Power Further COVID-19 Vaccine and Drug Research

Follow this link:

Argonne Gets New Supercomputing Cluster to Power Further COVID-19 Vaccine and Drug Research - OODA Loop

Danger zone! Brit research supercomputer ARCHER’s login nodes exploited in cyber-attack, admins reset passwords and SSH keys – The Register

Posted on May 19, 2020 by Danzig

Updated One of Britain's most powerful academic supercomputers has fallen victim to a "security exploitation" of its login nodes, forcing the rewriting of all user passwords and SSH keys.

The intrusion, which is understood to be under investigation by GCHQ offshoot the National Cyber Security Centre (NCSC), rendered the ARCHER high-performance computing (HPC) network unavailable to its users on Tuesday.

Sysadmins warned ARCHER users that their SSH keys may have been compromised as a result of the apparent attack, advising them to "change passwords and SSH keys on any other systems which you share your ARCHER credentials with".

In a statement posted to the project's status page on Wednesday, ARCHER admins said it appeared several academic high-performance computers were disrupted across Europe in addition to the Cray-built ARCHER. They explained:

Knowledgeable sources speculated to The Register that ARCHER is an obvious resource for research work by computational biologists as well as those modelling the potential further spread of the novel coronavirus and is therefore a target for hostile states looking to steal advances from British research into the virus, or to simply disrupt it.

American authorities are reportedly set to publicly blame China and Iran for trying to hack research institutions trying to develop a vaccine, according to an unsourced claim made in the New York Times newspaper. This appears to be linked to understated and unspecific warnings from NCSC earlier this month about advanced persistent threat (APT) hacker crews targeting counter-COVID-19 research.

Hosted by the University of Edinburgh, ARCHER is a Cray XC30 supercomputer with 118,080 Intel Xeon E5 CPU cores at its disposal. It was due to be retired and replaced this month, though the global pandemic has delayed its planned withdrawal. El Reg reported on ARCHER2 when it was confirmed in October 2019.

ARCHER is one of the most powerful supercomputers in the UK, although it is outclassed by the UK's most powerful publicly known super, an eight-petaFLOPS 241,920-core Cray-Intel machine operated by the Meteorological Office as well as the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts's two Cray XC-40s, the Atomic Weapons Establishment's in-house supercomputer and others. It is ranked 334th on the TOP500 list of the world's most powerful supercomputers.

The latest updates on the ARCHER status page said: "Unfortunately, due to the severity of the situation, the ARCHER Service will not be returned before Friday 15th May. We will review the situation with UKRI and NCSC on Friday and will then provide a further update to you."

Professor Alan Woodward of the University of Surrey told The Register: "To see a Cray being attacked is very unusual so I imagine it must be the computing infrastructure around it that has been attacked. Most users obviously don't sit at a terminal directly attached to the supercomputers, so if the means for remote access is rendered inoperable it means the supercomputers become just an expensive lump of metal and silicon.

"Looks like someone has somehow managed to gain a secure shell on an access node. Assuming that's true, it's going to be a real pain as youll have to set everyone up again."

An NCSC spokesman told The Register: "We are aware of this incident and are providing support. The NCSC works with the academic sector to help them improve their security practices and protect its institutions from threats."

Cray, ARCHER's operators, and counter-coronavirus research teams have been asked if they wish to comment. We will update this article as and when they respond.

A University of Edinburgh spokesperson has been in touch to say:

Sponsored: Webcast: Simplify data protection on AWS

Danger zone! Brit research supercomputer ARCHER's login nodes exploited in cyber-attack, admins reset passwords and SSH keys - The Register

Cyber attack knocks UK research supercomputer ARCHER out of action indefinitely – NS Tech

Posted on May 19, 2020 by Danzig

ARCHER, one of the UKs most powerful research supercomputers, has been knocked offline indefinitely due to a security exploitation of its login nodes, in an attack which also affected the wider academic community in the UK and Europe. As a result, all of ARCHERs existing passwords and SSH keys are being rewritten, and a strong warning has been issued against users logging in with existing credentials.

A spokesperson for Edinburgh University, where ARCHER is based, said the institute was currently investigating the issue. On the 11th May 2020 our technology partners were notified of a potential issue that indicated some user accounts may have been misused to gain unauthorised access to the service, they said. Investigations by our technical teams confirmed that a small number of user accounts had been affected so the decision was taken to disable access to allow further work to confirm the extent of the issue.

The university is working with the National Cyber Security Centre (NCSC) and its technology partners to forge a path to recovery and determine when systems can be brought back online. It said that there is nothing to suggest any research, client or personal data was impacted by the attack. A status update on Thursday said that its hoped ARCHER will return to service early next week but that this will be conditional upon the results of diagnostic scans taking place and consultation with NCSC.

Attacks on supercomputers have been rare up until now, but that doesnt mean they are less susceptible than other computers. A supercomputer is not as exotic as it sounds, says Antonios Michalas, assistant professor in the Department of Computing Sciences at Tampere University. Currently, most of the existing supercomputers rely on traditional hardware, with the exception that they have many many resources.

Because supercomputers arent attached to a terminal, theres surrounding infrastructure that allows people to log in remotely. It appears that the attack wasnt levelled directly at ARCHER, but its perimeter. The fact that they are having to change all the passwords and all the SSH keys suggest that somebody somehow managed to get a Secure Shell maybe through somebody having inadvertently given away the keys or the password, says Alan Woodward, a cyber security expert at the University of Surrey. Woodward says if the SSH key was generated by a password, the password could potentially have been obtained in a phishing attack or through a hacked device. Most of these situations are not some terribly clever technical thing, but actually the weak human is the link, he says.

ARCHER is on a range of research projects, such as modelling weather patterns and biomedical data, simulating the Earths climate and designing new materials. But its role in supporting a number of different COVID-19 research projects might have proven a particular draw to hackers.

I am not sure if anyone can say for sure whether this is a targeted attack to either exfiltrate data relating to Covid-19 research or it was an attack to slow the progress of research into Covid-19 by state actors or whether it was simply a indiscriminate scan attack which happened upon the supercomputer, says Kevin Curran, professor of cybersecurity at Ulster University.

Curran believes we can expect more attacks on supercomputers carrying out biological modelling in future. Organised cybercrime and nation-states are able to install malware (often through infected USB & other hardware interfaces) which can reside on air-gapped machines and also use internal communication chips (in the device) to send the data out to the spies receiver outside, he said in an email. Israeli researchers demonstrated how to steal data that bypasses all of these protections using the GSM network, electromagnetic waves and a basic low-end mobile phone. So it is very difficult to protect a targeted asset such as ARCHER.

Shadow digital, science and technology minister Chi Onwurah said: Our research sector is vital to tackling the pandemic, and the ability to run calculations on the UK HPC System of models and forecasts is crucial to leading us all safely out of lockdown. We need urgent clarity on the causes of this breach and what impact it might have on ongoing research into the coronavirus and potential therapies.

She added: Even short delays to modelling can have a large effect down the line, as this can hold up laboratory work, where delays can get compounded due to the strict scheduling required to due to social distancing.

Archer has resided at Edinburgh University since 2013, but is due to be replaced this year with the more powerful Archer2.

See the article here:

Cyber attack knocks UK research supercomputer ARCHER out of action indefinitely - NS Tech

ORNL Summit Supercomputer Resource Leveraged to Mine for COVID-19 Connections – HPCwire

Posted on May 19, 2020 by Danzig

May 18, 2020 Scientists have tapped the immense power of the Summit supercomputer at Oak Ridge National Laboratory to comb through millions of medical journal articles to identify potential vaccines, drugs and effective measures that could suppress or stop the spread of COVID-19.

A team comprising researchers from ORNL and Georgia Tech are using artificial intelligence methods designed to unearth relevant information from about 18 million available research documents. They looked for connections among 84 billion concepts and cross-referenced keywords associated with COVID-19 such as high fever, dry cough and shortness of breath with existing medical solutions.

About Oak Ridge National Laboratory

Oak Ridge National Laboratory is the largest US Department of Energy science and energy laboratory, conducting basic and applied research to deliver transformative solutions to compelling problems in energy and security. ORNLs diverse capabilities span a broad range of scientific and engineering disciplines, enabling the Laboratory to explore fundamental science challenges and to carry out the research needed to accelerate the delivery of solutions to the marketplace.

Source: Oak Ridge National Laboratory

More here:

ORNL Summit Supercomputer Resource Leveraged to Mine for COVID-19 Connections - HPCwire

The Most Interesting Machine in the World – Alta Magazine

Posted on May 19, 2020 by Danzig

Quantum computingmagnificent in conception though embryonic in performanceis being touted as the next great information-technology revolution.

Enthusiasts are predicting that quantum machines will solve problems beyond the reach of conventional computers, transforming everything from medical research to the concepts of space and time.

Meanwhile, the actual quantum computers being tested in university and corporate laboratories are mostly exotic divas that run at temperatures colder than intergalactic space and crash in milliseconds if intruded on by the outside world.

I worry a lot about the hype, John Preskill told me recently as we chatted in his office in the gleaming, glass-shrouded building at the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena where his Institute for Quantum Information does its weird work. A long-sighted physicist in the tradition of Caltechs Richard Feynman, Preskill is a leading advocate of quantum computing. But even he pooh-poohs the idea that quantum computers will soon replace our laptops.

Everybody believes it, but nobody can prove it, he said. Changing everything in 10 years is not realistic.

Such reservations havent kept governments and the private sector from betting that visionaries like Preskilland like Chinas Pan Jian-Wei, known in his homeland as the father of quantumwill succeed. The Chinese government is reportedly investing $11 billion in developing quantum computers and quantum-ready networks. The U.S. government and the European Union are in for more than a billion dollars each. IBM has put a rudimentary quantum computer online, complete with tutorials on how to frame questions it can understand. (Sample instruction: Apply a Hadamard gate to q[0] by dragging and dropping the H gate onto the q[0] line.) Amazons cloud-computing services now include access to quantum computers operated by IonQ, D-Wave Systems, and the Berkeley chipmaker Rigetti Computing. Google claims to have attained quantum supremacy, a term Preskill coined for the ability to solve problems no conventional computer can handle.

Googles facility sits inconspicuously in an aging industrial park near the Santa Barbara airport. Its identified only by a bumper sticker on the glass front door. Inside, I was shown five quantum computers, all humming away. Each was housed in a giant thermos hung on chains to minimize vibrations from the ground. Dozens of reedy silver coaxial cables fed into each computer, conveying microwave pulses through its quantum chip and back to the dozens of scientists hunched over display terminals in the next room. Google research scientist Erik Lucero told me that the teams goal is to make quantum computers practical, then give them to the world.

The world could use them.

Ordinary computer chips are approaching their theoretical limits. Theyve been getting smaller and faster for decades, but their millions of tiny transistors cannot be shrunk much more without running into interference fromironically enoughthe quantum fluctuations that pervade the universe on submicroscopic scales.

Conventional computers also raise environmental concerns. The globalinformation-technology sector, growing by 3 percent a year, already spews as much greenhouse gas emissions as the airlines do. Supercomputers that gobble up more electricity than 10,000 homes are starting to look as antiquated as steam locomotives, considering that a quantum chip about the size of a postage stamp could, in theory, do more in seconds than a supercomputer could accomplish in a thousand years. Quantums greener.

Long-term prospects aside, theres a hardball motive for investing in quantum computing right now: if you dont, somebody else may get there first.

Consider encryption. Todays commercial and military encryption systems were designed to foil conventionalnot quantumcomputers. In the popular public-key encryption system, each financial transaction is identified by a public number, generated by multiplying two primes. Cracking the code requires determining which two prime numbers were multiplied, a task that would take a conventional computer billions of years to accomplish.

Such cryptography systems, immune to brute-force decoding because doing so would take too long, seemed pretty secure until Peter Shor came along.

Shor, a graduate of Marin Countys Tamalpais High School and Caltech who went on to win the Gdel Prize in theoretical computer science, demonstrated in 1994 that a proper quantum computer could break public-key encryptions in a matter of seconds. As a recent National Academy of Sciences report rather dryly put it, Shors algorithm sparked strong commercial interest in deploying post-quantum cryptography well before such a quantum computer has been built.

The challenge is starkly clear. Build a fully functional quantum computer first, and you might crack the other sides codes before they can crack yours. Miss out, and youre toast.

The code-busting potential of quantum computing has not been lost on the Chinese government, which last November passed a law threatening to punish any private corporations employing ciphers the authorities cant break. Much of the money China has earmarked for quantum computer research is said to be going toward deploying computer networks designed to resist quantum intrusion. Chinese researchers are experimenting with quantum-encoding techniques to create messages that cannot be eavesdropped on without the recipient seeing evidence of it. In one such test, on September 29, 2017, Pan Jian-Wei and his colleagues dispatched a quantum-encrypted key from an orbiting satellite to Vienna and Beijing.

Conventional digital computers manipulate binary digits, or bitsthe zeros and ones that, as Alan Turing proved in 1936, can in principle replicate anything in the universe. Visions of a universal computer, which a century earlier had so enchanted the mathematician Charles Babbage that he came to be regarded as a raving crank, grew into todays digital world with its five billion people using mobile phones.

Quantum computers, too, use bits to communicate with the outside world. But inside their quantum world, they employ what are called quantum bits, or qubits.

A single qubit, such as an isolated atom or electron, can generate only a single, on-or-off, zero-or-one statejust like each transistor on a conventional chip. The magic of qubits resides in their ability to be combinedentangled, in the jargonwith one another, so their many qubits start working together. Entangled qubits scale up exponentially: A 4-qubit quantum computer has not 4 but 16 times the power of a 1-qubit machine. A reliable 300-qubit quantum-computing chip could outperform a conventional computer the size of the observable universe.

The current state of the art is somewhere between IBMs 50-qubit Q System Onea black-lacquer showpiece encased in a nine-foot borosilicate glass cubeand a 72-qubit machine being tested by Google. The Google machine said to have attained quantum supremacy employs a 53-qubit chip. (It was built to run 54 qubits but one never worked, so the researchers went with what they had.)

Most such machines are what Preskill calls noisy intermediate-scale quantum systems, or NISQs. Theyre noisy, he notes, in that researchers have imperfect control over their qubits. Theyre intermediate because properly controlling their 50 or so qubits would produce more power than any existing supercomputer but still fall short of quantum computings potential. Until the noise can be significantly reduced, Preskill predicts, quantum computers with 50 to 100 qubits may be able to perform tasks which surpass the capabilities of todays classical digital computers butwill not change the world right away.

NISQ qubits are typically made in superconducting circuits, each a tiny oval racecourse interrupted by a single barrier called a Josephson junction. To build such a NISQ, pack a bunch of Josephson junctions close together, to encourage them to entangle, and chill them to nearly absolute zero in your laboratory thermos. Electrons will circle each racecourse ceaselessly, going in both directions at once, quantum-leaping through the barriers to create a single entity with an enormous calculating potential.

Once thats happening, hit your supercooled chip with a shaped microwave pulse. The pulse excites the quantum system, which responds by exploring its vast internal space of possible futures, canceling out those that exclude one another and delivering the result as an output pulse. Repeat the process, sifting out noise, until the computation is complete.

In a typical quantum computer, such Q-and-A events can take place a trillion times a second.

Entanglement is fragile. Anything from heat to cosmic rays to an overzealous input pulse can wreck it. But its so promising that its been called a physical resource, like energy, and its exploitation an industry.

Preskill characterizes his research as exploring the entanglement frontier.

The fact that much more goes on inside a quantum system than can ever be detected was established in the mid-1920s by the physicist Werner Heisenberg. Dubbed uncertainty, it was long regarded as a limitation on human knowledge. The uncertainty principle means, for instance, that the more one learns about a quantum particles velocity, the less can be known about its location. This is the basis of the joke in which Heisenberg, pulled over for speeding by a cop who tells him, You were going 90 miles an hour, replies, Thanks a lot. Now I have no idea where I am.

But by the 1980s, as personal computers were becoming commonplace, scientists started to think about the other side of the Heisenberg coin. They speculated that the vast internal states of quantum systems might be put to work for computing. It wouldnt matter that a quantum chips internal deliberations cannot be observed; what mattered was that they might deliver accurate results to the outer world. Since quanta are how nature works, the answers would be coming, so to speak, from the horses mouth. Suddenly, Heisenbergs quantum uncertainty began to look less like a limitation than a resource.

Richard Feynman had started exploring the prospect of quantum computing decades earlier. When our computers get faster and faster and more and more elaborate, he predicted in 1959, we will have to make them smaller and smaller. But there is plenty of room to make them smaller.

Preskill, Caltechs Richard P. Feynman Professor of Theoretical Physics, has something of Feynmans sense of humorresponding to a Twitter poll, he said he became a scientist because I dont mind being confused most of the timeand something of his showmanship. Preskill kicked off a black-tie celebration of Feynmans legacy a few years back by singing an ode to quantum computing that hed written to the tune of South Pacifics Some Enchanted Evening:

Quantums invitingJust as Feynman knew.The futures excitingIf we see it through!Once we have dreamt itWe can make it so.Once we have dreamt itWe can make it so!

Preskill readily rattles off potential practical benefits of quantum computingfrom more efficient solar cells to quantum-entangled space telescopes orbiting the sunbut a scientist of his stature doesnt devote decades to a subject just to stimulate spin-offs. Preskill wants to use quantum computers to simulate nature itself, investigating realms of reality beyond the reach of observation and experiment.

Quantum physics, discovered by Max Planck in 1900 and largely defined by 1930, revealed that the fundamental building blocks of nature are not particles or waves but quanta. (Quanta are the irreducible packets of information that can be extracted from any process.)

Generations of theoretical work and laboratory experiments have confirmed the validity of the quantum approach. As the Caltech physicist Sean Carroll writes, nature is quantum from the start. Quantum mechanics isnt just an approximation of the truth: It is the truth.

There is, however, a conspicuous gap in quantum theory: gravity, the force that gathered together the incoherent masses emerging from the big bang to make galaxies, stars, and the planet we live on. Exquisitely accurate quantum theories account for the behavior of the other three fundamental forceselectromagnetism and the strong and weak nuclear forcesbut gravity is much too weak to play a significant role in most laboratory experiments. Using existing technology to probe quantum gravity would require constructing a particle collider the size of the solar system. Experiments conducted at the edge of a black hole might be fruitful, but the nearest black hole is 3,000 light-years from Earth.

Quantum gravity is hard, Preskill notes, because you cant do experiments.

It might be possible, though, to use quantum computers to simulate how gravity works. Einstein having shown that gravity curves space, and that space and time are two aspects of the same phenomenon, quantum simulations could lay bare the nature of space and time.

Simulations using conventional computers are already widely successful. Formula One race drivers put in long hours on simulators before getting to the track, and commercial pilots use simulators to acquaint themselves with new models of aircraft. But a conventional computer cant even simulate the behavior of a hundred atoms for a millionth of a second, much less that of quanta roiling at the edge of a black hole. The only known way to get quantum is to go quantum.

Quantum computers have the advantage of working in the same way as the systems theyd be simulating. As Feynman argued in 1982, Nature isnt classical, dammit, and if you want to make a simulation of nature, youd better make it quantum mechanical.

By golly its a wonderful problem, he added, because it doesnt look so easy.

The scientific potential of using quantum computers to simulate quantum gravity can be summarized by a single, rather astounding fact: any quantum system can simulate any other quantum system, provided it has at least as many qubits as the system being simulated.

As Preskill puts it, a quantum computer using enough entangled qubits could simulate efficiently any physical process that occurs in nature. He expects such simulations to reveal the deeper quantum process that generates space and time. Space-time comes from the emergent properties of this underlying system, he asserts.

What is understood can be controlledalthough this isnt always obvious at first. Einstein discovered that enormous amounts of energy are locked inside atoms, but he thought it unlikely that the energy could ever be extracted to generate power. Today, nuclear power generates roughly 14 percent of the worlds electricity. Electrons were once regarded as so utterly exotic that physicists at a 1911 annual dinner toasted, To the electron! May it never be of any use to anybody! Yet so many uses were found that the global electronics industry is currently valued at over a trillion dollars.

What, then, might an understanding of quantum space-time enable humans to do?

Preskill expects that it might become possible to create new worlds.

I really believe this is going to happen, he said in his Caltech office, leaning back and smiling pleasantly, as one might expect of a would-be creator of universes.

Timothy Ferris is an emeritus professor at UC Berkeley and the author of a dozen books, among them Seeing in the Dark and Coming of Age in the Milky Way. He produced the Golden Record, an artifact of human music and other sounds of Earth launched aboard the twin Voyager interstellar spacecraft now exiting our solar system.

Quantum computers work by accessing the complex internal states of quantum entitieswhich in the most promising current systems are supercooled electrons.

Entangling multiple quantum systems increases their power exponentially. Two qubits can have four states.

With three qubits, its eight.

With four qubits, its sixteen.

A 100-qubit quantum computer, if one can be built, would outperform a conventional computer the size of planet Earth.

A 300-qubit machine might do better than an ordinary computer made out of every atom in the observable universe. That kind of computing power could model complex molecules and other quantum systems, making it possible to learn how quantum gravity might behave.

Googles quantum-supremacy experiment used a 53-qubit chip to do, in three minutes and 20 seconds, what a conventional computer might accomplish in days, months, or thousands of years.

To function properly, a quantum chips entangled electrons or other particles must be kept coherent by isolating them from interference from the outer world. Most of the quantum computers currently at the performance forefront are kept cold and dark to discourage outside interference that would otherwise cause them to decohere, wiping out their calculations.Running a quantum computer involves sending microwave pulses to the chipeach pulse exciting the entangled quantum system into producing an answering pulse that delivers the results of its calculationswithout decohering it. In practice this means hitting the chip with millions of pulses per second, riding on the edge of decoherence, and doing the same calculation multiple times to enable a signal to emerge from the noise. Much better control over the quantum systems will be required to reduce the noise before quantum computers become fully operational.

Computer science is no more about computers than astronomy is about telescopes.

Edsger Dijkstra

In 1488, the artist Leonardo da Vinci sketched a flying machine. His 1505 Codex on the Flight of Birds advanced the idea that human flight should be possible. After all, birds can fly. Should it not be possible for some kind of deviceperhaps with larger wings and some kind of superhuman energy to power itto allow humans to fly, too?

But despite Leonardos profound insight and engineering genius, nobody could get the idea to work for some 400 yearsnot until 1903, when two bicycle mechanics constructed a flying machine.

Some 30 years later, Charles Lindbergh flew across the Atlantic. And some 30 years after that, thousands of people were crossing oceans and continents, sipping cocktails, and complaining about the movie.

Once the tipping point was reached, progress accelerated dramatically. Yet in the 1890sa few years before the Wright brothersseveral inventors had come close to creating flying machines. They could glide. Balloons could float. But actual human flight was just out of reach.

Something similar is happening today in the field of quantum computing. It seems like it might be possible to radically improve on what can be computed. After all, quantum systems exist in nature. Should it not be possible for us to build some kind of machine to harness the quantum facts of natureand thereby vastly transform what can be constructed and what can be calculated?

The question becomes this: Are we in the Leonardo era of quantum computing, fantasizing about a mere possibility, or are weas in the 1890sin the antechamber of the future, where, within a few more years, and with some clever engineering, a revolution will occur in our daily lives?

Will Hearst

Visit link:

The Most Interesting Machine in the World - Alta Magazine

How the UK can lead the quantum revolution – Verdict

Posted on May 19, 2020 by Danzig

They say technology moves in dog years and its not hard to see why. Moores Law states that the number of transistors on a computer chip doubles every two years through ever-smaller circuitry, producing greater performance and energy efficiency.

The first computers were entirely mechanical, constructed from cogs and wheels, and took up most of a room and originally entire buildings. Software as we now know it would come decades later. The team behind the equipment that took man to the moon using punch cards to code programmes, inadvertently further developing software as a discipline in the process.

After this very analogue world came a digital revolution that paved the way for computers and smartphones becoming commonplace. If we treat Moores Law as the existing gospel or at least a very true long-term guide following the claims by IBM and Google we have arrived at a pivotal moment where all eyes are now falling upon the technology that will spark the next leap forward quantumcomputing.

Last week, the global science community marked International Day of Light, in recognition of the fundamental role it plays in humanitys most advanced technology that will transform industry and society alike. One such monumental event is the comingquantumrevolution, of which light is a critical enabler.

At the moment, digital computing functions through units of information as bits binary code written as 0 or 1, signalling off or on.Quantumtechnology is completely different. At its heart, its about going beyond binary and manipulating particles in theirquantumstate, where they can be on or off and every other combination all at the same time in the terminology ofquantumphysics this is named superposition.

Its thesequantumbits, known as qubits, that create near limitless potential and will form the structure for the next age of computing.

To put that into perspective, the processing abilities of aquantumcomputer made up of more than just 50 qubits could surpass the capabilities of the most powerful supercomputer on Earth right now. Or, as Nobel Laureate Bill Phillips said,quantumcomputing is as big of a departure as the first computer is from the abacus.

Contrary to popular belief, lasers are not all lightsabers and Bond weaponry. Its by using the worlds purest light that scientists have been able to supercool atoms to temperatures below those found in deep space. Its in this state that we can use their purequantumnature to power computers, clocks, compasses and the most accurate devices humanity has ever built.

In practice, this could well mean solving equations and creating models of the universe, our climate, the physical world at a level of complexity that humans simply cannot even comprehend. The greatest challenges that humanity is facing in the 21stcentury, require new science quantumcomputing, sensing and time keeping will dramatically revolutionise many of todays industries but also create new ones.

This is about much more than having faster processing power;quantumtechnology has the potential to fundamentally reinvent the way we tackle computing and interact the world around us.

Science and technology are having their shining moment once more the public and governments appreciation of the importance and power of science is renewed due to Covid-19. We are recognising the benefit of science and technology not only for tackling the immediate and long-term effects of the virus, but also a means for the nations economic recovery from this crisis.

And there are many that believe Britain could be a real crucible for thequantumleap myself included.

Get the Verdict morning email

For starters, the UK has already been behind some of the first commercial applications ofquantumtechnology. My company has worked with Imperial College London to develop aquantumcompass a device that could re-invent the world of global navigation.

For the most part, GPS provides a reliable and effective form of navigation using satellites. But its far from perfect: it is open to spoof-signaling from pirates and reliant on signals that bounce off buildings and GPS is not accessible everywhere. Thequantumcompass removes these challenges by using sensors to measure the properties of supercool atoms, without the need to receive communications from satellites.

Last year, the UK government announced a $194m investment, part of a $1bn program, to commercialise quantumtechnology to take it out of the laboratory and deploy it in real-world applications. This sees the UK alongside the likes of the US and China leading the way.

Beyond fresh investment, the UK uniquely benefits from the presence of several of the worlds best universities focusing onQuantumTechnology and close proximity to a burgeoning community of commercial partners. As much as the right policies are needed, taking frontier science out of the laboratory and into the real world requires a critical mass of the right partnerships.

The UK has a major role to play in the comingquantum age and to stand at the frontier. With the Covid-19 crisis turning our eyes to the radical solutions for the worlds problems and whats next for technology, we should focus on the immense potential of aquantumfuture and take full advantage of the excellence that resides within these shores.

Read more: UK quantum computing investment to triple over next five years

How the UK can lead the quantum revolution - Verdict

Exascale: Cleaner-burning Gasoline Engines, Cities Powered by Wind, Nuclear Reactors That Fit on a Tabletop – HPCwire

Posted on May 19, 2020 by Danzig

When the US Department of Energy (DOE) boots up the worlds first generation of exascale supercomputers next year, researchers hope to find some of the most elusive questions of modern science suddenly closer to being solved.

The two machinesFrontier at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) in Tennessee and Aurora at Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) in Chicagopromise the fastest computing horsepower in history of more than 1.5 exaflops apiece. Theyll represent the culmination of a 5 year effort across six national laboratories with a price tag of roughly $1.8 billion.

The quest for exascale officially began in 2015, when the White House laid out marching orders for the National Strategic Computing Initiative, a whole-of-government effort designed to create a cohesive, multi-agency strategic vision and Federal investment strategy, executed in collaboration with industry and academia, to maximize the benefits of HPC for the United States.

That Initiative gave rise to the DOEs Exascale Computing Initiative, focused on making the computing leap, and theExascale Computing Project (ECP), focused on building a comprehensive software ecosystem consisting oftarget applications, anexascale computing software stack, andaccelerated hardware technologyinnovations primed to take full advantage of the newfound processing power.

To prepare the nations first exascale-ready applications, two dozen teams of scientists and engineers have worked around the clock since, stringing together computer code and writing new algorithms to tackle everything fromenergy science and productiontoinvestigating cures for cancertopredicting natural disasters.

Were on track, and well be ready to go on Day One, said Doug Kothe, the ECPs director. I think these applications were developing are going to be the scientific and engineering tools of the trade for decades to come.

An exaflop amounts to 1 quintillionthats 1018or a billion billioncalculations per second, five times faster than the highest speeds available on todays top-performing supercomputer Summit at ORNL, which clocks in at 200 petaflops200 quadrillion calculations per second, or 1015.

For perspective, the average human brain consists of about 100 billion neurons. Multiply those brain cells by 15 million, and theyll approach the problem-solving muscle of one such exascale machine.

Fire up those circuits, and the eureka moments cant help but follow, said Kothe.

Its a real game-changer, he said. I think its going to be a translational moment once we pick up that extra computing speed and capacity that gets us over the remaining obstacles. You cant plan for scientific breakthroughs, but if you have that tremendous technology at your fingertips, they will happen.

Those breakthroughs could include new ways to appease the worlds ravenous hunger for energytobuild cleaner-burning combustion engines,harness wind poweron an unprecedented scale, evenshrink a nuclear reactorto the size of a desktop. Insights gained could help slash pollution and double or triple the efficiency of existing fossil-fuel resources to ease the transition to a greener energy economy.

Its about leap-frogging, said Tom Evans, a distinguished researcher at ORNL. In some of these fields, the leap could be very large. Were not machining screws in any of these projects. These are ambitious questions. Our need for energy is only going to grow, so lets go where the existing science cant take us.

Exascale computings promise rests on the ability to synthesize massive amounts of data into detailed simulations so complex previous generations of computers couldnt handle the calculations. The faster the computer, the more possibilities and probabilities that can be plugged into the model to be tested against whats already knownhow a satellite might react under various conditions in space over time, how cancer cells might respond to new treatments, how a3D-printed designmight hold up under strain.

The process helps researchers target their experiments and fine-tune designs while saving the time and expense of real-world testing. Scientists at ORNL, for example, recently used simulations on Summit to trim a list of more than 8,000 potential drug compounds that mightfight the coronavirusdown to the 77 likeliest candidates.

I wouldnt call it a crystal ball, but its almost like a time machine, said Steve Hamilton, an ORNL scientist working on an application todesign smaller, modular nuclear reactors. Think of it as a virtual experiment. Were learning in minutes, hours, or days what might otherwise take years to discover.

Hamilton hopes to use that virtual laboratory to perfect designs for the next generation of nuclear fission reactors, big enough to power a small community but small enough to fit inside the average living room with such built-in safety features as auto-shutoff or a removable core. The designs could be modular, built out of 3D-printed parts and assembled onsite.

If we can build a virtual reactor and run simulations of how it would behave if it were built, we dont have to do as many physical experiments, Hamilton said. But because these are new designs, we dont have as much experimental data to fall back on, and we want the modeling to be as accurate as possible.

The details of that modeling extend to mapping the behavior of radioactive isotopes constantly colliding and to tracing the steady flow of coolant through the reactor core, for simulations that add up to half a million or more lines of computer code.

If something is meters across, we want to simulate it down to the millimeter, Hamilton said. What we can do right now on Summitthe fastest computer in the worldis along the lines of modeling a single state of the reactor, basically a snapshot of a moment in time. With exascale, we hope to simulate an entire reactor cycleabout a couple years of usein the space of about 24 hours of wall-clock time. Were talking about the difference between a snapshot and a timeline.

The work wont stop when the model is finished.

This is a demo, Hamilton said. Were just setting the table. Its going to be up to the private players to take these tools and lessons and then apply them. We wont be building the reactors, but we want to build tools that will help us assess how these designs work in the real world.

Fission reactors typically take decades to build and receive permits due to the massive designs employed by previous generations to power cities and chunks of states. Going smaller could shrink those costs and speed the time from blueprints to reality.

The current reactors use these giant stainless-steel components made at only one or two facilities in the world, things that typically have to be imported, Hamilton said. By going with a smaller design, were hoping to decrease manufacturing costs by making something that can be manufactured in a variety of places. The reactor could be maybe the size of an office or living room, minus the containment structure and all the other components.

Success could pave the way for even smaller reactors, micro-powerplants with nuclear cores that could power a remote military base or a mobile disaster response. Modular cores could be added and removed like batteries. An earthquake, tidal wave or other natural disaster threatens the reactor as in Fukushima, Japan, in 2011? Pop out the core and haul it to safety.

Some companies are already exploring those possibilities. NuScale Power plans to bring a modular reactor capable of generating up to 720 megawatts online in Utah as early as 2026. Idaho National Laboratory plans to provide low enriched uranium to fuel a 1.5 megawatt reactor being built by the company Oklo that could begin operation by 2024.

From the perspective of these companies, they need to manage to their own timelines and not be completely dependent on a project that DOEs scientists are managing, Hamilton said. Theyre moving ahead. If were able to work with them, we can use the exascale modeling to evaluate the improvements and improve the economic viability of these reactors. Nuclear fission provides about 20 percent of our power nationwide right now. If these reactors become more viable, maybe we can increase that share.

At the other end of the nuclear spectrum, researchers hold out similar hopes ofmodeling a reactorthat could generate the power of a star from a few drops of seawater.

After a half-century of study, trial and error has yet to yield a successful commercially controlled thermonuclear fusion reaction. Scientists joke that the big breakthrough is always 20 years away.

The power and speed of exascale could make the difference through 3D modeling and evaluation aided by artificial intelligence, said Amitava Bhattacharjee, a professor of astrophysical sciences at the Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory.

I can think of no higher aspiration, he said. The fuel for fusion is virtually limitless. The energy released would be clean and sustainable and much greater than the amount needed to get the nuclear reactions going. The challenge is that were trying to duplicate the nuclear reaction of the sun under controlled laboratory conditions and within a confined device. These are complex and expensive experiments. It is important to develop high-fidelity and predictive computer simulations that can optimize the design and performance of such experimentsand even choose between them through careful validation studies.

The simulated approach has worked for other industries. Aircraft manufacturers once relied on hands-on testing to try out new designs before adopting virtual models.

We previously used wind tunnels all over the country to design and test airframes, Evans said. Now we use them much more sparingly and efficiently. Well still need ground experiments, but well need far fewer of them to validate the designs because the simulations have gotten us 80 percent of the way there.

The bigger the idea, the bigger the simulation. Humans learned centuries ago how to harness the energy of a passing breeze to cross the ocean or power a grist mill.

But the idea of the modern wind farm came about only recently, and it is an ideal challenge for exascale, said Mike Sprague, a senior scientist at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory.

The industry knows how to build a single turbine, Sprague said. Thats based on experience and hands-on knowledge. What we dont have yet are computer models that can predict accurately what wind turbines are going to do when you put them together in a wind-farm setting where these blades are rotating, turning, yawing, and creating a wake that affects turbines downwind. We dont really understand the complex dynamics that are going on and how they interplay.

Spragues project means breaking every inch of each turbine, every potential movement of each blade, and every gust of wind at each potential speed into bricks of equations andbuilding a virtual wind farmthat could be applied to all circumstances. Offshore wind farms of floating turbines at sea add even more variables to the mix.

The most recent simulation by Sprague and his team of an operating turbine took 6 billion equations. It lasted about 17 seconds.

He believes a full exascale simulation could reveal how to position turbines to maximize energy production, cut costs, and make the best use of available terrain.

We want to be able to build up a grid in a virtual wind plant and basically watch a wind front move through at 10 miles per second, for example, and see how the turbines react, Sprague said. We need to understand exactly whats going on, and I think were definitely going to get there with exascale. Then we can walk into the ground experiment to validate what we think we know.

Wind generated about 7.3 percent of the electricity in the United States last year, according to the US Energy Information Administration. Sprague believes exascale could lead to innovations that could push wind to a greater share of that market.

Its not going to be the lightbulbnot on its own, Sprague said. But its a gateway to reducing the cost of energy and making wind competitive with fossil fuels. The private players can take this foundation and build on it to try to make that vision a reality.

Even if breakthroughs in nuclear and wind power materialize, dependence on fossil fuels wont disappear overnight. Other exascale projects focus on finding cleaner approaches to the internal combustion engines that have powered the world for the past century.

Exascale simulations could enable improvements to fossil-fuel engines that would bridge the gap and reduce pollution during the transition, said Jacqueline Chen, a senior scientist at Sandia National Laboratories. She hopes todevelop science-based combustion modelsthat can be used to design high-efficiency, low-emission engines based on the unprecedented level of detail provided by exascale.

Its a stopgap, Chen said. Combustions going to be around for quite some time still, especially for aviation. These models could be used by the fuel and trucking industries to develop clean-burning, fuel-efficient combustion engines that would be competitive for the next 2030 years while were still trying to electrify the powertrain. Even a couple points of increased fuel efficiency go a long way, and efficiencies of 50 percent or higher equate to a huge amount of savings.

But some of the dynamics of the fossil-fuel combustion process, which generated more than 60 percent of the electricity in the United States last year, remain as slippery as those of the atomic fuel cycle. Modeling an engine, like modeling a nuclear reactor, requires mapping legions of moving, reacting particles.

These can be sorbent or oxygen carrier particles, said Madhava Syamlal, a senior fellow for computational engineering at the National Energy Technology Laboratory. As theyre moving around inside the reactor, there are chemical reactions, heat and mass transfer, happening the whole time. We want to capture all those processes and model them, but there are some very complex reactor geometries involved. We need to track where those particles are and get a complete picture at the scale of each of the individual particles.

Syamlals work of the past 30 years focuses onmodeling gas-solid reactors, also known as fluidized bed reactors or chemical looping reactors, that avoid direct contact between fossil fuels and air in an effort to capture carbon from emissions and avoid pumping hydrocarbon pollutants into the atmosphere. Current technology cant accommodate the number of calculations needed to model a pilot-scale chemical-looping reactor.

If were able to do this simulation, it will be incredible, Syamlal said. Well be able to move technology development ahead at least 5 years, and we can apply the capability to a whole variety of industrial processes. Today on a state-of-the-art computer, we can model about 5million particles. Weve been able to run simulations on Summit at about 40 million particles. Our goal is to simulate a reactor that contains 5 billion particles by the end of this project.

Existing codes would take 2 or more years to run such a simulation. We hope to develop a code that can use an exascale machine to increase the speed and resolution by a thousand-fold and get the results in a couple of days.

The possibilities dont stop there. Some researchers hope to use exascale simulations toexplore foundational principles of science, from designing enhanced particle accelerators to reenacting the Big Bang.

Weve never observed a supernova directly, Evans said. We can simulate that with exascale and see if it correlates or matches with what weve observed from earth. Some questions will still be too complex.

And not everyone expects exascale to provide all the answers.

Designing a fusion reactor is so complicated, with so many layers of science and engineering, a whole-device model could easily go beyond resources offered at the exascale level, Bhattacharjee said. Our hunger for more powerful computers is not likely to stop. But exascale will get us a long way there. Things are hard to predict. We need to understand all the pieces of the puzzle and how they come together, because there will be surprises in the wholewhich will be more than the sum of the parts. Be prepared for surprises.

Some of those surprises could be long in coming. Others might come quicker.

Exascales computing speed could deliver immediate benefits in such sectors asthe nations utility grid. Simulations could predict scenarios for massive power failures like those seen during the California wildfires, balance demand, pinpoint weak spots in the delivery system and devise workarounds to keep the electric currents flowing to consumers. Power companies could build parallel digital models to run alongside the grid in real time and help promptly identify the cause when the wires stop humming and the lights blink out.

You could think of it as a digital twin, said Kothe. We want to be able to ask what-if scenarios to prepare for emergencies and manage the delivery. Solar and wind power are going to be more intermittent. We need to plan for ebbs and flows of those energy sources on the grid and be able to counter with other sources. What if we lose 1020 sources at once? This is where the efficacy of exascale simulation comes in.

The average power plant wont have the luxury of an exascale computer onsite. But the apps built to run on machines likeFrontierat ORNL andAuroraat ANL will be designed to scale down to the industrial and consumer level, eliminating the shortcuts relied on by simpler models and drawing on exascale findings to close the circuit and produce reliable conclusions.

When you need to talk about operational decisions, youre talking about a matter of minutes or seconds, Kothe said. This will give answers you can bank on when you need them.

Exascale: Cleaner-burning Gasoline Engines, Cities Powered by Wind, Nuclear Reactors That Fit on a Tabletop - HPCwire

Select Page ::