Punishing speech may be causing the problem – Valley News

Maybe prohibiting or otherwise punishing what is considered hate speech is causing the problem of prejudice rather than solving it. Restricting speech forces people to suppress their prejudice rather than to address it and adjust for it.

Under California law I cannot be penalized for my sexual preference, so I can openly admit that I like many brunette individuals in a non-sexual capacity but I would prefer that they were something else. Ive worked for a brunette for more than 25 years, my brunette childhood friends Ive known since before I had hormones are exempt from my aesthetic standards, and I have other brunette friends, but if theres a blonde I dont know and a brunette I dont know its obvious which one receives the majority of my attention.

Several years ago, I was chastised for not being up to date on the latest Angelina Jolie news. My response was: Even among brunettes I like Denise Richards better. The rationale behind my words even among brunettes was that if I had compared Angelina Jolie to Gwyneth Paltrow or Charlize Theron, it would have been comparing a brunette to a blonde. However, I said this to a natural brunette who had recently forsaken the blonde hair dye, and after a short inquisition about whether I had the hots for Denise Richards she asked whether she should go back to dying her hair blonde. I knew what I had done; if my past actions hadnt convinced her that I consider brunettes aesthetically inferior to redheads and blondes my comment did.

In the ensuing weeks I pondered whether all brunettes were aesthetically inferior to redheads and blondes. I compared Angelina Jolie to my favorite television brunettes: specifically, Mary Ann from Gilligans Island and Daisy from the Dukes of Hazard. Mary Ann and Daisy can both hold their own aesthetically against redheads and blondes. The comparison also indicated a difference. Angelina Jolie is philanthropic. Mary Ann and Daisy are down to earth. This showed me a quality which could make brunettes as valued as redheads or blondes.

Avoiding brunettes when sober can be attributed to cultural influences. My ability to keep my hands off brunettes when Im drunk would indicate a negative experience which left an impact on my subconscious. The brunettes at the bar didnt cause that, and they dont deserve to be treated like second-class citizens. One night when there were no redheads or blondes at a no-food bar I figured I could pull my economic weight and go over my alcohol limit. I explained the situation to the brunettes, told them it wasnt their fault theyre brunettes, apologized for keeping my hands off them and promised to hit on them when I was sober. One of the brunettes said I didnt have to do that because she had a boyfriend. The other two brunettes accepted a kiss on the cheek the next time I saw them.

Afterward I realized that the brunettes at the bar arent the problem; they only look like brunettes. The brunettes at a rodeo arent a problem. The brunettes at the auto races arent a problem. My ability to be open about this allows me to identify the problem and thus give full respect and non-sexual love to the brunettes who arent the source of the problem.

The best way to address prejudice isnt to suppress discussion. The best solution for prejudice is to create situations where the underlying source of the lack of preference as a group can be addressed openly so that those who are not responsible for the situation can be exempted.

Joe Naiman can be reached by email at jnaiman@reedermedia.com.

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Punishing speech may be causing the problem - Valley News

On Netflix, Adaptations, and Redheads – Book Riot

I recently joked on Twitter that we should just start sending romance novels by queer authors and writers of color to Ryan Murphy (creator of Glee, Pose, and Hollywood), because Netflix would basically give him anything.

But maybe it wasnt a joke.

On May 19, Sweet Magnolias premiered on Netflix. The first season is a delightful introduction to the town of Serenity and the three friends at the storys center: Maddie, an almost-divorced mother of three; Dana Sue, the owner and head chef of the best restaurant in town; and Helen, who seems to be everyones lawyer for everything. The three have been friends for a long time, and have decided to go in together on a new venture. They also have to deal with their own personal issues, which can either be exacerbated or improved by the help of those around them.

Sweet Magnolias is based on a series of the same name by romance author Sherryl Woods, who is the prolific author of well over 100 romances. I havent read the series, but from reading the descriptions of the first five books it seems the Netflix series has done more than just diversify the cast. Theyve made some of the storylines more contemporary, including making one of the leads an actual fat woman who isnt ashamed of her size. (At least not yet; but the series might be ongoing.)

Theres another series adapted from romance that premiered on Netflix last year; you might have heard of it. Virgin River tells the story of a woman looking to start a new life as a nurse practitioner in a small town that has a lot of secrets. The show is adapted from a series by Robyn Carr, a similarly prolific author. (Just as a side-note, since weve now got the beginning and end of the alphabet, I wouldnt be surprised if some Debbie Macomber series was next.)

As actual stories, these two dont have much in common beyond their small-town setting. But as properties, they have similar elements:

This may not mean a lot, but theyre pretty devastating points for a queer reader of color who would love to see some of her favorite properties by authors of color and queer authors adapted for the small screen. Its particularly interesting when you look at the original material that Netflix has acquired over the past few years, or even the YA properties. Original romcoms like Always Be My Maybe, which was written and produced by Asian Americans and the talk of Twitter throughout its release weekend. The movie adaptation of YA favorite To All The Boys Ive Loved Before and its sequel were hugely successful. And yet we cant even get a 90-minute adaptation of a contemporary adult romance. There are so many romances that were practically written for the screen, and Netflix could be churning out five or six a year if they played their cards right.

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Rafe and Xeni would be so easy to film, location-wise. And I would watch them on repeat.

Ive written before about series that it would be just as easy for Netflix to adapt, with low overhead requirements. Something like Alisha Rais Forbidden Hearts series, which is set in a town the size of Serenity. There might only be three books, but limited series are great for Netflix.

Or could you imagine something based on all of the connected Christina C. Jones series?

The Dance Off series.

Baldwin Village.

The Uptown Collection.

And if were talking small towns with personalities, the town of Henry Adams, in Beverly Jenkinss Blessings series, is the obvious next choice. It has all the same elements of the other two series, without the need to be creative with casting.

Theres obviously a bigger discussion about what and whose stories get adapted for any kind of film, whether its for streaming or cinematic release. We know that its not because there arent books worthy of adaptation, and we know its not because authors dont want their movies made. Its about what doors we are actually being brought through, and who is advocating for us.

Romance has two advocates within the film industry at the moment: Bea and Leah Koch from The Ripped Bodice, who have a partnership with Sony; and Frolic Media, who just signed a partnership with CBS. The latter have made some missteps on their site, but cover a diverse enough amount of content that I would hope they will be advocating for works by marginalized people. Bea and Leah have already shown with their work onsite at The Ripped Bodice and projects like their Diversity Report and the Ripped Bodice Awards for Excellence in Romantic Fiction that they are willing to do the work and use their privilege for the good of others. And we can only hope that after having proven herself with Bridgerton, Shonda Rhimes will give us something reminiscent of Thursday Nightsjust with more functional romantic relationships. With major production companies and budgets working to help authors of color tell their stories on film, we could have stories told with the same care and quality as original stories currently told by Netflix.

Imagine what Deadly Sexy could have been if the creators hadnt had to fundraise on Indiegogo.

And obviously, we have more to see when it comes to Netflix and Romance. Shonda Rhimess Bridgerton series is going to be pretty amazing, even though the same issue with castingcolorbending a very very white series by a white authorisnt helping anyone out in the long run. And Lyssa Kay Adamss Bromance series has been optioned forsomething. (I dont know if its a series or feature-length projects.) Which is quite impressive considering shes only going two books out in an ongoing series. The Bromance Book Club will lend itself well to the screen, thats a given.

But if they make Thea a redhead, I will riot.

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On Netflix, Adaptations, and Redheads - Book Riot

Heads up: fair food drive-ins are becoming a thing – Time Out

It seems like the drive-in concept has become the unsung hero of post-COVID life. From movie theaters to restaurants and even concerts, it turns out that the format lends itself to a wide variety ofexperiences while still allowing patrons to maintain social distancing guidelines.

Next in line to undergo the drive-in treatment are fairs. More specifically, fairfood.That's right: you'll be able to get your hands on corn dogs, funnel cakes,cotton candy and morein cities all across the United States without leaving your car or come in close proximity to larger crowds.

Although, typically, state fairs take place deep into summer through the fall, the trend has really flourished in cities like Syracuse, Raleigh andClanton beginning last month.

Of course, the foods served at each fair represent the overall culinary preferences of the state, providing an inside-look into the cultural leanings and food-related traditions that Americans across the country call their own.In Raleigh, North Carolina, for example, drivers were treated to deep fried Snickers and Oreos, roasted corn and edible gourmet cookie dough, among other delicacies, a few weeks ago.

Food fair attendees in Clanton, Alabama,indulged in corn dogs, red-white-and-blue funnel cake and elephant ears (stretched out dough that is fried and topped with cinnamon sugar. Yum) while, in true New York style, hundreds of people in Syracuse washed down sausage sandwiches and fried dough with bagged wine slushies at theNew York State Fair.

As you consult your local state fair organization for a schedule of events in your city, keep one thing in mind: funnel cake is poised to become the unofficial food of summer 2020. Go ahead and enjoy some.

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Heads up: fair food drive-ins are becoming a thing - Time Out

Rachel Riley stuns in red maxi dress as she heads out with adorable daughter Maven to collect takeaway – OK! magazine

Rachel Riley has been photographed looking radiant as she stepped out with her baby daughter Maven in lockdown.

The 34 year old Countdown stars natural beauty glowed as she stood waiting opposite a takeaway kebab shop before collecting her order.

Rachel was wearing a red, purple and white striped maxi dress, which had a flowing skirt with a frill at the end.

The mum of one matched her stylish gown with a pair of flat, nude sandals which had three straps crossing over her feet.

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Countdown star Rachel, who was spotted out her her daughter and husband recently, appeared to soak up the warm weather as she leant against a wall and looked up towards the sky.

Rachel wrapped her blonde locks into a bun, which she fastened with a hair clip and topped off her look with a pair of round sunglasses which had a dark lens and gold trim.

The TV star had her baby daughter Maven, who she took to the Countdown set before lockdown, strapped to her front with a grey, leopard print patterned papoose.

Five and a half month old Maven was wearing a sweet little white bucket hat with a multicoloured, floral pattern on.

As Maven rested on her mother Rachels chest, the TV star sweetly held her daughters tiny foot as she waited for her takeaway opposite a kebab shop in London.

Rachel has her daughter Maven with her Strictly Come Dancing professional dancer Pasha Kovalev, 40.

The couple welcomed Maven two weeks after her due date. And as they announced their first childs arrival in December, Rachel revealed she gave birth on the bathroom floor.

The TV presenter shared snaps of herself and Pasha in front of a Christmas tree cradling their newborn, and opened up about the tots birth in the caption.

Rachel wrote: 2 weeks after we were expecting her this little one finally made an appearance!

Miss Maven (one who understands) Aria (lioness) Riley Kovaleva arrived on Sunday morning weighing in at 7lbs 4.

After keeping us waiting she came so quickly we didnt have a chance to get to the hospital and was born in our bathroom with our amazing doula and wonderful St Marys midwives rushing over to be with us in to be nick of time!

Shes absolutely perfect and Pasha and I are in newborn bliss. Couldnt be more in love.

In another close-up shot of the newborn, Rachel revealed they were calling their daughter Mave for short.

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Rachel Riley stuns in red maxi dress as she heads out with adorable daughter Maven to collect takeaway - OK! magazine

Prawn trawler crews head to Cloncurry to stay employed and upskill during COVID-19 crisis – ABC News

When the coronavirus pandemic virtually sent Australia into lockdown, the demand for prawns plummeted and trawlers were sent to the docks for the foreseeable future.

Ed Morrison, who owns the supermarket and trawlers, is hoping to have them back out at sea this month

But the workers from the Torres Strait Trawling Company in Far North Queensland have found a reprieve at a supermarket in the outback town of Cloncurry.

Skippers and deckhands have ditched the salt water for red dirt and tried their hands at gardening, stacking shelves, and delivering groceries to some of the country's most remote cattle stations.

Ronald Wenless, who skippered a boat for the company, said it was a position he had never been put in after decades in the industry.

"I've seen years where prices go down on your prawns, and you struggle through that year," he said.

"This would be the first time I've ever seen something like this in my time fishing."

Daniel Stovell, who skippered a different boat, said he took the opportunity to upskill to make himself more employable.

"I've been doing the truck runs; I don't have a licence yet, but I've got my learners and logbook," he said.

"I haven't learnt to use the checkout yet, but that's next."

The crew were out on the boats when the COVID-19 restrictions started to come into place.

"I knew there were restrictions; my family started talking about them first to me, particularly my mother," Mr Stovell said.

"Then they started losing work; they laid my brother off because he works in tourism.

"I'm the only one still working."

While the group was making the most of their time in Cloncurry, Ed Morrison, who owns the trawlers and the supermarket, was keen to get them back on the water.

"We've really only got June, July and August, and little bit of September on the coast to catch something," he said.

"We're thinking we will go back in June, after the full moon, and we'll just do three-week shifts."

Mr Morrison said he expected most of the workers would want to move back to the east coast.

"Jonno, who's driving the truck at the moment, he's wanting to stay out here driving," he said.

"Most of the other guys will go back fishing; fishing is what they're good at."

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Prawn trawler crews head to Cloncurry to stay employed and upskill during COVID-19 crisis - ABC News

Abolish qualified immunity and quit protecting abusive police – Chicago Sun-Times

Attorney General William Barr worries that making it easier to sue cops for abusing their powers would result certainly in police pulling back. White House Press Secretary Kayleigh McEnany calls the idea a non-starter.

Americans who have watched the horrifying video showing now-former Minneapolis police officer Derek Chauvin kneeling on George Floyds neck for nearly nine minutes while ignoring the prone, handcuffed mans desperate pleas, past the point where he stopped moving and no longer had a detectable pulse, might reasonably conclude that some pulling back by police is exactly what we need.

And once Americans understand the legally reinforced culture of impunity that encourages such abuses, they might view the reform peremptorily rejected by McEnany as a good start rather than a non-starter.

In other contexts, Barr recognizes the importance of litigation in protecting constitutional rights. He has repeatedly warned that COVID-19 control measures can violate the First Amendment when they discriminate against religious activities and has supported churches challenging such regulations.

Those lawsuits rely on 42 USC 1983, which allows people to sue anyone who, under color of law, violates their constitutional or statutory rights. Beginning in 1967, the Supreme Court has read into that law exceptions for government officials who act in good faith or whose conduct does not violate clearly established rights.

Such qualified immunity especially under the latter exception, which the Court invented in 1982 has in many cases prevented victims of police abuse from pursuing their claims. In practice, it often means their lawsuits will be dismissed unless they can cite precedents with nearly identical facts.

Plaintiffs have found it increasingly difficult to locate such rulings since 2009, when the justices said courts can dismiss their lawsuits without even deciding whether their rights were violated. As 5th Circuit Judge Don Willett observes, important constitutional questions go unanswered precisely because those questions are yet unanswered.

Did Idaho cops violate the Fourth Amendment when they wrecked a womans home by bombarding it with tear gas grenades after she agreed to let them inside to arrest her former boyfriend? What about the Georgia sheriffs deputy who shot a 10-year-old boy while trying to kill his dog after police chased a suspect into their yard?

We dont know the answers, because appeals courts dismissed those cases without resolving the constitutional questions they posed. Likewise with the Nebraska sheriffs deputy who, while responding to an erroneous domestic assault report, lifted the purported victim in a bear hug and threw her to the ground, knocking her unconscious and breaking her collarbone; the Tennessee officer who allegedly sicced a police dog on a burglary suspect who had already surrendered and was sitting on the ground with his hands up; and the California cops who allegedly stole cash and property worth more than $225,000 while executing a search warrant.

As UCLA law professor Joanna Schwartz notes, such decisions deny what is often the best available relief to plaintiffs who have been grievously wronged by government actors, suggest to government officials that they can violate the law with impunity, and send the troubling message to victims of misconduct that they are not deserving of constitutional protection.

Or as Willett puts it, qualified immunity smacks of unqualified impunity, letting public officials duck consequences for bad behavior no matter how palpably unreasonable as long as they were the first to behave badly.

Justices Clarence Thomas, Sonia Sotomayor and Ruth Bader Ginsburg who dont agree on much else also have expressed concern about qualified immunity. Rather than rely on the Supreme Court to reconsider that doctrine, Rep. Justin Amash, L-Michigan, last week introduced a bill that would abolish it, as would a broader package of police reforms that House Democrats unveiled this week.

This should not be a partisan issue. As Amash points out, Members of Congress have a duty to ensure government officials can be held accountable for violating Americans rights, and ending qualified immunity is a crucial part of that.

Send letters to letters@suntimes.com

Jacob Sullum is a senior editor at Reason magazine. Follow him on Twitter: @JacobSullum

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Abolish qualified immunity and quit protecting abusive police - Chicago Sun-Times

The US Constitution and Limits on Detention and Use of Force in Handling Civil Unrest – Just Security

When I joined the military, some 50 years ago, I swore an oath to support and defend the Constitution. Never did I dream that troops taking that same oath would be ordered under any circumstance to violate the Constitutional rights of their fellow citizensmuch less to provide a bizarre photo op for the elected commander-in-chief, with military leadership standing alongside.

Under what circumstances may the government use lethal and non- or lesser-lethal force in the face of unlawful protests, riots, and looting? The answer is context dependent. But the use of such forcewhether exercised by state or federal armed forcesis always constrained by a fundamental constitutional principle of reasonableness, so long as no armed conflict exists. Although I agree with everything Mark Nevitt wrote in his Just Security article on the powers and limitations of the Presidents response to the recent protests, it is important to ground the discussion in constitutional norms rather than just Department of Defense understandings or policy which would apply to use of the US military as well as federal and state law enforcement authorities.

It is critical to understand the scope of the state and federal governments authority to use physical force against individuals. Although federal and state authorities generally have authority to control domestic violence and discretion to determine the means necessary to do so, they must exercise that authority and discretion reasonably under the U.S. Constitution. In fact, the use of force continuum to which law enforcement agencies generally adhere as policy should be understood to be a constitutional requirement.

The Use of Force and the Constitution

All uses of lethal and non- or lesser-lethal physical force by government agents must be reasonable under the circumstances. This is not only wise policy, it is a constitutional demand. Reasonableness is required either by the Fourth Amendment or by the general constitutional demand that all government action be reasonable and non-arbitrary. In this context, the latter reasonableness requirementthat all government action be reasonable and non-arbitrarycan also be based in the Due Process Clauses of the Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments which protect against government infringements of personal liberty, including the infliction of physical injury.

Although not all measures to control crowds, riots, or looting necessarily implicate the Fourth Amendment, some certainly would. The Fourth Amendment protects [t]he right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects against unreasonable search and seizures. Searches and seizures always entail the use of some measure of actual or constructive forcebroadly construedagainst persons and property.

The Fourth Amendment requires that all searches and seizures be reasonable. Courts interpret this requirement contextually. Reasonableness has substantive and procedural components. Substantively, there must be a legitimate constitutional basis for a search or seizure. Procedurally, both must always be conducted or executed reasonably. Measures adopted to control riots, looting, and crowds typically restrict or deprive individual movement, and therefore implicate arrests and other seizures.

Arrests involve substantial restraints on ones freedom of movement, typically taking someone from a public or private place where they have a right to be and placing them in government custody. Substantively, arrests require probable cause that the individual committed a crime. Procedurally, police may make arrests without a warrant for any crime committed in the officers presence or for a felony committed outside of an officers presence. Additionally, police may use only reasonable force to effect an arrest.

Seizures occur when someones movement is temporarily restricted in some meaningful way by an intentional show or use of government authority, including force short of an arrest. Substantively, in a law enforcement context, seizures are constitutional if they are based upon a reasonable suspicion that criminal activity is afoot or if there is some other specific, legitimate law enforcement purpose. Criminal behavior could include looting, assault, trespassing or a curfew violation. Other legitimate purposes for a temporary stop might include checking identification for a limited access area (such as by verifying press credentials, employment or residency) or seeking information related to a recent crime in the area. Procedurally, seizures are constitutional if the measures taken to effect a seizure, and during it, are reasonable under the circumstances. For example, stopping a suspicious person and conducting a non-intrusive frisk for weapons is appropriate if there is a reasonable suspicion both that the person may be involved in criminal activity and that they are armed and potentially dangerous.

Riot- and crowd-control measures include arrests and seizures, but not all measures would necessarily involve one or the other. Often, in these situations, an individuals movement or behavior is restricted or limited in some way, but they are free to leavein Fourth Amendment termsto go somewhere or do something else. A seizure occurs only when an individual is temporarily and intentionally immobilized, whether voluntarily or involuntarily, by a government agent. Efforts to effect a seizure or arrest must always be reasonable under a totality of the circumstances.

Notwithstanding the Fourth Amendment, there is also a strong argument that all government action must be reasonable in order to be constitutional. Generally speaking, government action must be reasonably calculated to achieve (or rationally related to) a legitimate government purpose. The government action must also be a reasonable and permissible means of achieving that legitimate purpose. As Justice Marshall wrote in McCulloch v. Maryland:

Let the end be legitimate, let it be within the scope of the Constitution, and all means which are appropriate, which are plainly adapted to that end, which are not prohibited, but consist with the letter and spirit of the Constitution, are Constitutional.

This is a general principle of constitutional law. Government action must be appropriate and plainly adapted to its alleged purpose. Not only must it not be prohibited by the Constitutions text, it must be consistent with the Constitution. Every use of physical force not amounting to a search or seizure must also, therefore, be reasonably directed to a legitimate end and reasonably necessary under a totality of the circumstances.

The Insurrection Act Does Not Alter These Constitutional Requirements.

The Insurrection Act allows a president broad discretion to use as much of the federal armed forces and state national guard units as he or she deems necessary to quell insurrections against the authority of a state or to remove substantial interferences with the enforcement of federal laws. A president could invoke either of these justifications in response to widespread riots and looting.

These statutes allow a president to take such measures as he considers necessary to suppress, in a State, any insurrection, domestic violence, unlawful combination or conspiracy. Despite this broad language, the president may not authorize the armed forces to do anything he would like. Although the exigencies of a situation may require some deference to on-the-spot judgement calls, Congress cannot empower a president to violate specifically applicable aspects of the Constitution. The requirement that the use of all physical force be reasonable under the circumstances is one such specifically applicable constitutional requirement.

Recent Examples

Unreasonable use of lethal force that violates the Fourth Amendment.

The President has infamously tweeted that when the looting starts, the shooting starts. In Tennessee v. Garner, the Supreme Court held that the use of lethal force to stop a fleeing suspected felon is a Fourth Amendment seizure that must be reasonable. In this context, lethal force is reasonable only if the suspect presents a threat of serious harm to the officers or others. Shooting unarmed looters who are not engaging in any form of violence against a person would therefore clearly violate the Fourth Amendment as interpreted by the Supreme Court.

Unreasonable use of non-lethal force that violates the Fourth Amendment.

A viral video on social media apparently shows Minneapolis law enforcement shooting several people with rubber bullets or paint balls to force them to go inside a house rather than stand on a private porch. The officers were allegedly enforcing a curfew order. That order, however, prohibited only travel on public streets or places (with certain exceptions not relevant here). Violating the order is a misdemeanor. The curfew is likely a constitutionally reasonable response to the disorder and turmoil that has been taking place in Minneapolis. The Citys website containing the order specifically clarified, however, that people may be outside a home as long as they were on private property.

Under these circumstances, the use of non-lethal force to compel someone on private property to go inside a home was not rationally related to enforcing the curfew order. It also appears to lack any other basis in law and was undertaken without warning. Police were apparently shouting that people go inside their homes. When these individuals did not do so and continued recording, an officer said only light em up before the police fired. No additional warning and no explanation for the over-enforcement of curfew order were given. It would therefore amount to an unreasonable use of non-lethal force. Because the purpose was to confine someone in their home, and doing so is likely a seizure, it also violated the Fourth Amendment. The officers undertaking this action are guilty of an assault. The city is also subject to a civil action under federal law.

Another viral video shows several Georgia police officers apparently arresting two college students inside a car, smashing the cars windows and using tasers on both individuals despite no visible resistance. Under these circumstances, the use of force would not reasonably necessary to effectuate the arrest to enforce the curfew order. Indeed, two days later, the Georgia chief of police fired two of the officers pictured in the video, and the Atlanta mayor condemned the officers actions.

Unreasonable uses of force not implicating the Fourth Amendment.

On Saturday night, May 31, 2020, there were reports of Minneapolis police firing rubber bullets and using tear gas and flash-bang devices to disperse allegedly peaceful crowds or protesters, all without warning. Numerous videos indicate that reporters and their cameramen have been pushed and shoved without warning despite their obvious status. And police in Washington D.C. reportedly used rubber bullets and tear gas to break up peaceful protesters outside the White House this past Monday night on June 1, 2020. This included a now-viral video of police and/or national guard, without warning, striking an Australian reporter and her cameraman with a baton and riot shield, respectively, before also being shot with rubber bullets. And several videos from New York City and Los Angeles over the past week seem to show police driving cars into protesters.

Lets assume the police were correct that a lawful government directive or purpose required the people affected to disperse or leave the area at the time and place that these forcible measures were used. Using such non-, lesser-, or potentially-lethal force without prior warning would be unreasonable if less stringent measures were feasible. Invasions of liberty and personal integrity such as occurred in these incidents must have some specific justification, including the absence or failure of feasible, less-intrusive coercive measures.

These examples do not involve a Fourth Amendment search or seizure. Not only were the individuals free to leavemeaning they were not seized under court precedentthey were forced to do so. But even assuming that end was appropriate, can we say the use of tear gas, flash-bang grenades and less- or non-lethal bullets was proper? Can we say that potentially grievously injuring a person by running into them with a car is a reasonable response? Was it consistent with the Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments to the Constitution? Absent some reasonable justification for failing to use lesser coercive measures, the answer is almost certainly no.

Because reasonableness surrounding the use of physical force is a constitutional requirement, nothing in the Insurrection Act would change the above legal analysis. It does not matter if the government agents are members of the national guard or federal armed forces or of the city police or state troopers. Whether acting under state or federal authority, the U.S. Constitution imposes the same constraints.

* * *

The authority to quell riots and looting must be exercised responsibly, meaning reasonably, at every level. All law enforcement officers, members of the National Guard and members of the federal armed forces must be told and trained to use force only when necessary and only when it reasonably appears that lesser means of coercion are not feasible under the circumstances or have failed. Warnings should be given before using physical force when possible. The Department of Justice and many law enforcement agencies refer to this as the use of force continuum. The continuum is not merely policy, however. It must be understood as a constitutional demand. Reasonableness is determined by what a government agent reasonably perceived in good faith under a totality of the circumstances. Those who have sworn to protect this country and its population have been vested with great power and must therefore show great restraint in the use of physical force.

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The US Constitution and Limits on Detention and Use of Force in Handling Civil Unrest - Just Security

Suit against sheriff transferred to federal court – The Herald

By The Associated Press

FORT WAYNE A lawsuit alleging that a northeastern Indiana sheriff violated a teenage boy's constitutional rights during an altercation last year at a festival has been transferred to federal court.

The lawsuit against Allen County Sheriff David Gladieux was filed by the parents of a 15-year-old boy in a county court, but it was moved to U.S. District Court in Fort Wayne after Gladieuxs attorneys filed a notice of removal.

The suit claims that Gladieux injured the teen and violated his rights under the Fourth Amendment during a July 2019 altercation. Removal to federal court is common when constitutional questions are raised, The Journal Gazette reported.

Brad and Erin Bullermans son was a volunteer during Fort Waynes Three Rivers Festival in July 2019. The couple's suit alleges that Gladieux smelled of alcohol and pushed their son to the ground, injuring him when he fell onto a metal stake, after the teen asked to see Gladieuxs VIP pass to a restroom area.

Their suit is seeking $300,000 for medical costs, emotional distress and other damages, according to documents now filed in federal court.

Gladieux, who was charged with misdemeanor battery in September, has said he used a sweeping motion to move the boys hands from the sheriffs chest before the youth fell. Gladieux was placed in a pretrial diversion program and ordered to pay a $334 fine and complete accredited anger management and alcohol treatment courses.

If he complies with all the programs terms, the battery charge will be dismissed Oct. 18.

The sheriff has apologized for his actions but says he did not commit battery. In a statement after he was charged, Gladieux said he failed to conduct myself in a manner fitting my office.

Excerpt from:

Suit against sheriff transferred to federal court - The Herald

Judge tosses suit on officer’s actions before car strike – Arkansas Online

A federal judge has thrown out a lawsuit filed by a Little Rock man who was struck by a hit-and-run driver in late 2017 while being escorted in handcuffs across a city street by a police officer who was also struck.

Daryl M. Johnson, who was taken to a hospital alongside the arresting officer, Lt. Johnny Gilbert Jr., alleged that Gilbert lacked probable cause to arrest him on a disorderly conduct charge that was later dropped.

In an order issued Friday, Chief U.S. District Judge D. Price Marshall Jr. noted that he had earlier dismissed several of Johnson's claims in the lawsuit, leaving three federal claims and several state claims that Johnson alleged against Gilbert; other officers he accused of covering for Gilbert; and the city, which he accused of failing to train all the officers.

The arrest occurred early Nov. 5, 2017, on Daisy Gatson Bates Drive outside Philander Smith College, which was hosting a homecoming party.

In his order, Marshall recapped the facts as presented to the court: Johnson and two friends rode together to the party, arriving around 11 p.m. Nov. 4. They parked across the street and were admitted into the party by police and door monitors. When they and some others left some time later, the door monitors said they would be allowed back in. But while they were at their cars, police decided to stop letting people back in because the venue was full and the event was scheduled to end in about an hour.

When Johnson and his friends were denied reentry, "that's when things heated up," Marshall wrote.

He said Johnson and the others were "understandably frustrated," and they exchanged some words as the officers told them to disperse, then stopped on the sidewalk.

Marshall said Gilbert "made a pointed comment: the young people should be more worried, he said, about getting a degree than about getting into a party. This made several people mad, because almost all were college graduates. There was cussing from both sides. The officers continued to tell the group to disperse. The five or six young people hem-hawed around -- now walking across the street, but pausing to trade more heated words with the officers."

Marshall noted that at this point, "Officer Gilbert had enough" and approached them as they walked slowly across the street, saying he was going to "make an example" out of them or "teach y'all a lesson."

Gilbert then grabbed Johnson, the closest of the young men, and as he began to escort Johnson out of the street, both were hit by a passing car.

Earlier reports said other officers quickly responded, removing Johnson's handcuffs and rendering aid before both he and Gilbert were transported to a hospital, where Johnson stayed for three days. While he was hospitalized, another officer gave Johnson a disorderly conduct citation.

Marshall said Arkansas' disorderly conduct law "is in the margin" when it comes to deciding when an officer has probable cause to make a warrantless arrest, but that a "reasonable officer" could have concluded that probable cause existed to arrest Johnson on the Class C misdemeanor, as he and others didn't comply with the officers' orders to disperse.

"Viewed in the light most favorable to Johnson," as judges are required to do when evaluating early motions for a ruling based on the law alone, "the prosecutor's decision to drop the charge indicates that Officer Gilbert made a mistake," Marshall said. "But qualified immunity protects him" because a reasonable officer in his shoes could have believed that Johnson and his friends violated the refusal-to-disperse part of the disorderly conduct law.

Marshall said that eliminated the only remaining federal claim, the alleged Fourth Amendment violation, which left only state-law claims that he declined to assert jurisdiction over.

Keith Hearnsberger, then an assistant principal at McClellan High School who lived in the area, surrendered the next day, admitting he was the hit-and-run driver. He pleaded guilty in February 2019 to two second-degree battery charges for which he was sentenced in May 2019 to a year in prison.

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Judge tosses suit on officer's actions before car strike - Arkansas Online

5 Crypto Executive Predictions On Where The Economy Is Headed – Yahoo Finance

In 2020, the world has embraced uncertainty as the new norm. Market volatility has reached record levels, leading to a surge in trading volume and opportunities for value investors. Industries such as airlines, cruise lines, and rental cars have taken a massive hit as air travel remains down 90% and lockdown orders prevent travel.

Stocks such as Norweigan Cruise Lines (NYSE: NCLH), Spirit Airlines (NYSE: SAVE), and Carnival Corporation (NYSE: CCL) have all experienced recent upward swings as coronavirus concerns are easing as more companies, such as Moderna, Inc. (NASDAQ: MRNA), come closer to developing a vaccine.

For the cryptocurrency industry, these events have supported the old theory that cryptocurrencies will become the de-facto currency as the dollar decouples, inflation increases, and people become more concerned with financial privacy.

In recent months, the cryptocurrency industry has seen positive developments with higher retail trading activity and institutional interest increasing. For example, Grayscale Investments has been very aggressive in accumulating Bitcoin, at the rate of 150% of all new Bitcoin mined since May 11. Ironic, given the fact that Goldman Sachs (NYSE: GS) announced on a recent investor call that cryptocurrencies are not an asset class.

What is clear is that some institutional investors are more optimistic about the role of cryptocurrencies in the global economy. For the cryptocurrency executives working tirelessly to educate investors and the public about the benefits of crypto, criticism is something that they have become accustomed to. As with any emerging technology, new can often be scary and intimidating until more solid foundations are set.

To learn more about where the economy is headed, we reached out to a handful of cryptocurrency executives that have recently been in the news.

Crypto Executive Predictions are Vastly Optimistic

1. J.D. Salbego, the CEO of Singapore-based exchange BitTok, has experienced the ups and downs of the crypto industry since 2017. In the midst of mass economic and socio-economic turmoil, he sees this as an opportunity for crypto to shine:

What is interesting and what we might see is with Beijing taking over Hong Kong, there could be an increase in Bitcoins price and usage. We've seen in the past when there is political turmoil and instability in a countrys economic future, like with Venezuela, the public has had increased Bitcoin and crypto usage because of the lack of faith in their own central banks and national currency. What we are seeing again is a completely broken banking and financial system globally. With blockchain and crypto, we will hopefully see a higher rate of usage and adoption within banking, forcing centralized institutions to become more transparent.

2. Patrick Collet, Founder and CEO of MOOVIN, a blockchain protocol that democratizes and tokenizes successfully access to data, is optimistic that the US and global economy will not see a recession based on current signs:

The present economy is facing uncertainty as confidence towards the Federal Reserve is getting thinner. I dont believe we will see a crash per say because signs arent pointing at a recession just yet. Even though the US annual GDP is looking to come 40% short, there is a strong boom in the technology and e-commerce platform sector. I believe we will see a lot of market volatility in the coming months and even though DEFI and Fintech are becoming more commonplace, adoption for blockchain tech is clearly not a conquered territory. However, these sectors will eventually be mainstream.

3. For Quincy Dagelet, CEO of Boostchain, a company that is disrupting advertising with blockchain technology, mainstream adoption could be closer than we expect:

The world we are living in with COVID-19 is really unfortunate but it opened peoples eyes and led to more digitalization. Also, people tend to have less faith in banks, the monetary system and politics. This creates the perfect gateway towards more crypto adoption.

4. Stefan Hostettler, Co-founder and CEO of Tycoon69 International, a blockchain firm based in the UAE, agrees that we should see massive disruption in the near future:

Economically, I believe that we will see stagnant and outdated industries experience a massive wave of innovation and disruption over the next few years. This happened during the last crisis and was the leading factor that drove Satoshi Nakamoto to create Bitcoin following the 2007 crash. We are dedicating our time to building out an ecosystem to modernize billion-dollar industries, such as the gift card industry.

Story continues

5. Gabriella Davis, CEO of Centric, the world's first dual-cryptocurrency payment network, agrees with the legacy cryptocurrency community that sees these events as a perfect storm that will propel cryptocurrencies:

More than ever in modern economic history we are witnessing the end of an era. Fiat currency and central banking methodology are not capable of managing highly complex marketplaces. It is time to usher in new economic and monetary innovation, the launch of Bitcoin in the wake of 2009 was the start of a wave of innovation. Moving forward, in order to drive full global adoption a vision of currencies utilizing trust-less, censorship resistant ecosystems, that help offer a reliable store of value and an incentive to join the network while simultaneously limiting industry volatility will look to be implemented.

Conclusion

One thing is certain, the world will be watching as the rest of 2020 plays out and increasingly more curious to learn more about emerging technology that can help them better control risk and their finances. When it comes to transparency, security, and access, blockchain technology provides benefits never before seen.

Disclaimer: the writer of this article is an advisor to Moovin Protocol and Boostchain, both of which have provided commentary on this article. The writer does not hold any stock in the equities mentioned.

Photo byAbsolutVisiononUnsplash

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2020 Benzinga.com. Benzinga does not provide investment advice. All rights reserved.

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5 Crypto Executive Predictions On Where The Economy Is Headed - Yahoo Finance

Nuts and bolts: What is blockchain and how does it work? – The New Times

Among the latest trends in technology that are fast changing the world as we knew it is Blockchain. While blockchain has multiple technologies and uses stemming from it, global digital currency cryptocurrency is probably the most common.

To date, there are over 5,000 cryptocurrencies. Bitcoin is the oldest and most known digital asset and everything else has been typically referred to as an altcoin. Bitcoin was invented in 2009 by a pseudonymous programmer dubbed Satoshi Nakamoto.

Rwanda has also embarked on the new technology and started unveiling blockchain-based platforms and a blockchain training school is expected to open this year.

Blockchain is a decentralized ledger of all transactions across a network. With this technology, participants can confirm transactions without any central clearing authority. Potential applications can include fund transfers, settling trades, voting, among others.

How does blockchain work?

To break the programmers language down, lets say 10 people came together in one room to make money. They all have to follow the flow of funds, and one person lets call him Mwasa decided to keep a ledger.

Mwasas colleague lets call him Jackson decided to steal Mwasas money. To hide this, he changed the entries in the ledger. Mwasa noticed that someone had interfered with his recordings. He decided to do something about it. He found a program called a Hash function that turns text in the ledger into numbers and letters.

A hash is a set of numbers and letters, produced by hash functions. Even a small change in a string creates a completely new hash.

After each entry, Mwasa inserted a hash but Jackson decided to change entries again. At night, he got to the diary, changed the record and generated a new hash.

The next day, Mwasa noticed that somebody had interfered with his entries again. He decided to complicate the record of each transaction. After each record, he inserted a hash generated from the last recorded hash. So each entry depends on the previous.

If Jackson tries to change the record, he will have to change the hash in all previous entries. But Jackson really wanted more money, and he spent the whole night counting all the hashes.

But Mwasa did not give up. He decided to add a number after each record. This number is called Nonce. A nonce is an abbreviation for number only used once. It is a number added to a hashedor encryptedledger that, when rehashed, reach the difficult level of restrictions. Nonce should be made in a way so that the generated hash ends in two zeros.

To forge records, Jackson would have to spend hours and hours choosing Nonce for each line. Not only people, not even computers can easily figure out the Nonce. Apparently Jackson failed this time and apologized to Mwasa.

Later, Mwasa realized that during the process. He had created too many records and that he couldnt keep the encrypted diary forever. So when he reached 5,000 transactions, he converted them to a one page spreadsheet and spread it to over 5,000 computers all over the world. These computers are called nodes.

Every time a transaction occurs it has to be approved by the nodes, each of whom checks its validity. Once every node has checked a transaction there is an electronic vote, some nodes may think the transaction is valid and others think it is a fraud.

Now, if Jackson change one entry, all the other computers will have the original hash. They would not allow the change to occur. This makes blockchain almost impossible to forge.

Mwasas shared spreadsheet is called a block and if more people like him shared same spreadsheets, a blockchain is born.

Once a block reaches a certain number of approved transactions then a new block is formed. The Blockchain updates itself every ten minutes. It does so automatically. No master or central computer instructs the computers to do this.

editor@newtimesrwanda.com

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Nuts and bolts: What is blockchain and how does it work? - The New Times

10 books Amazon editors say you’ll want to read in June – Business Insider – Business Insider

When you buy through our links, we may earn money from our affiliate partners. Learn more.

Alyssa Powell/Business Insider

At this point, chances are you've binged everything on your watch list and finished an extensive array of at-home DIYs. While the need for safe social distancing persists, satisfy your desire for adventure by getting lost in a good book.

Reading is also a great way to enjoy the warmer weather when you can embrace sunnier days by lounging outside with a page-turning read. For inspiration on what to choose, look no further than Amazon's Best Books of the Month, which is sure to add some riveting titles to your reading list.

June's picks include a thrilling horror narrative exploring a fictional eco-community terrorized by a legendary creature in the aftermath of a devastating volcano eruption, as well as the story of a joint family vacation that's gripped by personal distractions and an unexpected murder.

Captions have been provided by Erin Kodicek, editor of books, and Kindle at Amazon.com.

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10 books Amazon editors say you'll want to read in June - Business Insider - Business Insider

Siddhivinayak Temple Mumbai yet to open; check out aarti timings, other details and where to watch it live – Times Now

Siddhivinayak Temple Mumbai live Tuesday darshan details 

The Siddhinivayak temple in Mumbai's Prabhadevi region is one of the most famous shrines in the country. Those who visit the city for the first time, do pay obeisance to Siddhivinayak, the 'lord who fulfills wishes' or the 'lord of enlightenment' or the 'enlightened one.'

Tuesdays or mangalvar are generally meant for worshipping Mangal Moorti Ganpati Bappa. He is called Sukh Karta (giver of happiness) and Dukh Harta (remover of sorrow). Therefore, he is Mangal, meaning auspicious. Devotees usually walk barefoot from their homes on Tuesdays to take the first darshan of Bappa in the morning. It is believed that people's wishes get fulfilled, and therefore, Siddhivinayak is considered as the one who grants people's desires. Devotees pay a visit to Bappa before asking for a wish and after it gets fulfilled too.

The idol of Siddhivinayak is unlike the other Ganesha idols. Here, Bappa looks resplendent in red, has the third eye on the forehead, four hands and the trunk titled towards the right. This is a rare sight because most of the idols elsewhere have his trunk inclined towards the left. Siddhivinayak Bappa holds a lotus, an axe, ajapmala(garland of sacred beads) and a modak in the upper right, upper left hands, lower right hand, and lower left hand respectively. Goddesses Riddhi and Siddhi are seen seated on either side.

The Siddhivinayak shrine is one of the most visited temples in the country. Thousands flock the temple throughout the week, but Tuesdays are considered more special. The temple is presently not open to the public owing to the lockdown implemented to contain the spread of coronavirus. However, you can take a virtual Darshan of Ganpati Bappa.

You may click this link for the LIVE darshan. http://www.siddhivinayak.org/virtual_darshan.asp

Tuesday's special (early morning Shree Darshan) - 3.15 AM to 4.45 AM

Kakad Aarti and early morning puja- 5.00 AM to 5.30 AM

Shree Darshan - 5.30 AM to 12.15 PM

Naivedhya -12.15 PM to 12.30 PM

Shree Darshan - 12.30 PM to 8.45 PM

Aarti - 9.30 PM to 10.00 PM

Shejaarti (final aarti of the day) - 12.00 AM

Ganpati Bappa Morya, Mangal Moorti Morya.

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Siddhivinayak Temple Mumbai yet to open; check out aarti timings, other details and where to watch it live - Times Now

Rugby World Cup injury left me in a wheelchair but I wouldnt discourage anyone from playing the game – iNews

The voice on the line from Talence in Bordeaux belongs to a tragic figure but the message from Max Brito is patient and clear: Accidents happen in rugby and other sports and everywhere in life. If we stop playing sport for fear of injury you might as well stop doing anything.

Twenty five years ago on 3 June 1995 Brito broke his neck playing for Cote dIvoire in their one and only World Cup finals, held in South Africa. In the second minute of the teams third pool match against Tonga in Rustenburg, Brito a quick and nimble wing who was in the squad only because of an injury to his older brother Patrick caught a box-kick from a scrum and ran towards the Tongan forwards.

He was tackled to the ground and as he tried to lay the ball back, players of both sides fell on him, forcing a blast of huge pressure through his head and neck. He is said to have called to Jean Sathicq, the Cote dIvoire captain: Its over.

It was and remains the most shocking injury at a major rugby tournament. Britos spinal cord was severed at the fifth vertebra, and he was left in a wheelchair for life, unable to walk, though today he can tap his fingers and has about half the normal range of movement in his arms. I am very limited in what I can do, Brito tells i, speaking through an interpreter. All the same, I manage to move about the house, to do certain things. I dont have a job but I read about naturopathy [healing through natural therapies], and that takes up my time.

Read more: Premiership Rugby to ignore new coronavirus World Rugby law changes

Britos father Charles, from Senegal, passed away last year, but he sees his mother Yolande, who was from Cote dIvoire, every so often, 70km away in Biscarrosse. Not so his two sons. I live by myself, Brito says, I had a friend but we are no longer together. It is not straightforward with the nurses and home help, etc. I have help every day.

It was the Biscarrosse Olympique club in Frances fourth division that Brito was playing for when he was picked for the World Cup. During an hours conversation the phrase laccident occurs a lot, as he describes the long struggle to overcome what befell him. I would say there were 13 or 14 years of fog where I didnt know where I was. The accident was very violent. But after that I had a spiritual enlightenment and I understood that it was necessary to accept my handicap. And from that moment on, all the doors were open.

In the second pool match, Brito had faced France, the adopted country of his parents, and little Cote dIvoire put two tries past the eventual semi-finalists. His opposite number was Philippe Saint-Andre, a great of the game. Its a fairy tale to play at the World Cup, says Brito, who was an electrician at the time.

You dont even think it could happen, but to get there all of a sudden, it was extraordinary. They remain happy memories up to a point, of course. I wanted to know what happened, so I watched it. Once youve accepted what happened, its easier to watch it back.

He watched last years World Cup on TV and only declined an invitation from World Rugby to go to Japan due to a misunderstanding over his wheelchair on the flights. Overall there appears to be no bitterness towards the sport that changed his life.

I was in the wrong place at the wrong time and the accident happened, Brito says. If you look at the game as a whole, there are injuries sprains, pulled muscles etc but there are not very many violent accidents like mine.

I think rugby is very physical. Players are much more musclebound nowadays; that has changed the game. But we cant stop the game because it is dangerous. I think young people should play the sport that most interests them. You are not protected from injury whether you play football or rugby or whatever.

The Cote dIvoire rugby union has recently announced the Max Brito Academy, a fund in the west African country to train hundreds of young players while providing medical provision and teaching them a trade. Its the start of a great sporting adventure, Brito says. Its been four years of waiting after rugby in the country slowed down.

His own financial status is more delicate. There was an initial insurance payout, but he says people mistakenly believe he is receiving money from Frances Albert Ferrasse Foundation. I didnt have the right because I was playing for Cote dIvoire. In 1995, Marcel Martin [the late French director of Rugby World Cup] told me I would have help, but over time that has diminished. I just about get by now.

Brito has always been erroneously stated as 24 years old at the time of the injury. He was in fact 27, and he is now 52. He has a shaven head and says of the dreadlocks he wore that fateful day in Rustenburg: They annoyed me a lot once I had had my accident. And his greatest pleasures are reading and following the news.

Willie Lose was a flanker for Tonga facing Cote dIvoire in the 1995 World Cup match when Max Brito was injured.

Speaking from his home in Auckland, New Zealand, Lose told i: Its hard to believe it was a quarter of a century ago as it still seems like yesterday.

It was a beautiful day in Rustenburg and we as a squad were desperate to finish third in our pool in our final match.

It felt like we had just kicked off when the fateful accident occurred.

We kicked for position and the left winger Max Brito collected the ball and looked to return possession. I was the second player to arrive at the contact area and we held Max up he wasnt a big guy for what felt like a few seconds, looking to turn his body and ball to be on our side of the maul. Other forwards arrived simultaneously and it soon became a ruck. This happens in a rugby game perhaps close to a hundred times and Ive replayed it over and over, thinking why this time?

The only sound I recall was of someone exhaling due to the weight of the players on top. We all immediately untangled ourselves and it still wasnt clear, the severity of the injury. Ive played rugby all my life and seen twisted ankles, knees and other broken bones and the pain from the players is deafening. Sadly for Max it was a silent killer.

On the greatest rugby stage in a players career, the World Cup, it was a moment Ill never forget.

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Rugby World Cup injury left me in a wheelchair but I wouldnt discourage anyone from playing the game - iNews

Ramy: the smartest, darkest TV comedy that you’re not watching – The Guardian

Ramy, a sharp, POV-based comedy by Muslim-American Ramy Youssef, was one of 2019s most original and promising new shows. The joint Hulu/A24 production spent most of its 10-episode first season upending, with a wink and plenty of heart, both the audience expectations of idiosyncrasies within a Muslim family in New Jersey, and the protagonists bumbling attempts to live a more spiritually enlightened life.

The first season was a boon for critics an underrepresented perspective, daring, underseen, worthy of a major Golden Globe win but its second season, which premiered last week, lifts it to a must-see: an ambitious, contradictory and refractive exploration of one mans sisyphean trek toward meaning and spirituality in a deeply profane, messy and sometimes wondrous world. And, more pointedly for viewers in the fractious summer of 2020: a portrait of the many ways self-improvement turns self-serving, apologies mask as empty pleas for absolution, and enlightenment serves as exploitation of another.

Ramy is a contradictory character, a spiritual jester attuned to both Friday prayers and Friday night Im like at both. I wanna pray, I wanna go to the party, and Im breaking some rules, Im following others, he tells his cousin in Egypt in one of his many attempts to justify spinning his wheels.In the first seasons final two transfixing episodes, Ramy travels to Egypt, a country he has romanticized but not visited in years, in search of a magic clarity pill on who to be, but instead of a Muslim panacea finds a real country of complicated people naively Trump-supporting relatives, alcohol. His one moment of communal release and transcendence, at a Sufi center in Cairo, manifests as an attraction to his cousin.

For its second season, Ramy recruits two-time Oscar-winner Mahershala Ali to play a Sufi sheikh leading a mixed congregation at an adapted church picketed by Islamophobic locals. Reeling from his problematic tryst in Egypt, called out by his friends for skipping prayers and masturbating too much, Ramy seeks the sheikhs mentorship with the energy of a skittish puppy dog. I feel like I have this hole inside of me thats always been there, this kind of emptiness, and Im always trying to fill it with something, he unspools to the sheikh. His comedy lies in small justifications and mundane excuses he had sex with a married woman during Ramadan, but I just want you to know, he reassures, that it was during eating hours. Ramys intent seems straightforward enough: to kill the ego. But the application proves harder, the glitch of the whole season. Ramy commits to honesty, then dodges the truth on the last time he masturbated with a technicality.

Ramys enduring at times, too enduring passivity in the face of consequences defines the whole second season, which like the first contains several side-character capsules in which he disappears entirely (Hiam Abbass, as his brittle yet deeply sympathetic mother Maysa, once again delivers a standout turn). The sophomore outings 10 episodes are darker and more damning of Ramys self-justifying antics each thrust into the journey of enlightenment, leavened by good intentions and his flirtatious charm, only digs deeper into a mountain of self-obfuscating deflection and deception. (Im sorry, I feel like this is all my fault, is one of his fallbacks, guilt relief masked as a probing apology). His recruitment of an Iraq war veteran struggling with PTSD to the Sufi center models being a good Muslim, but ultimately serves more to impress the sheikh; likewise with his attempt to amend for his disastrous outreach with a fever-dream fundraising trip to a rich Emiratis Connecticut estate.

But the most egregious deception is his earnestly enacted delusion that hes in love with the sheikhs daughter, Zainab (MaameYaa Boafo), a wary, if underwritten, spitfire deeply committed to her faith, including saving oneself for marriage. The relationship goes (stop here to avoid spoilers) foreseeably awry, and when Ramy wakes to an empty marriage bed, hes greeted with the sheikhs death stare. The scene is a masterclass in flailing appeals to likability filling a bottomless hole of deferred personal responsibility; swaddled in a sheet as if an overgrown, diapered toddler, Ramy pleads before the sheikh for unearned forgiveness, for an explanation, for opportunity as a place to grow from. Under pressure, guilt-ridden and exposed, Ramy mistakes using someone as reciprocity. The rest of the world exists so you can reflect on it and perfect yourself, is that it? responds the barely composed shiekh. Fuck you, Ramy you little fuck, you little fucking boy. You hurt people.

Ramys second season dropped on 29 May, as protests over the killing of George Floyd and Breonna Taylor, and of racist police brutality in the United States erupted across the country. Obviously, the show was not made in that context and, of course, it is a show firmly rooted in one mans perspective of Islam and his self-serving attempts to adhere to it but, as a white person, its hard not to view the characters unworked attempts at introspection and their resulting damage in the second season as depressingly timely. In the past week, white people across the country belatedly woke up to systemic racism with a series of, often, performative posts, barrages to black people asking for educational resources and well-meaning but silent black tiles crowding out critical space on the Black Lives Matter hashtag (I am not exempt from this).

To be clear, Ramy is a brilliant show for many reasons, especially the space devoted to its female and middle-aged characters; nor is the new season unimpeachable (see: acapsule episode for his sister Dena (May Calamawy), which does little to expand her character beyond the first season). But perhaps the most potent insight in this second season is the leads amenable but pathological defiance of personal responsibility, his well-meaning and winsome brew of good intentions and self-obsession. Ramys perspective might be hyperspecific, but that complex is not.

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Ramy: the smartest, darkest TV comedy that you're not watching - The Guardian

THE KILLINGS IN CROSS RIVER – THISDAY Newspapers

This is the age of enlightenment. The killers should be brought to justice

The recent tragedy in Cross River State in which no fewer than a dozen persons were set ablaze over allegations of witchcraft is a sad reminder of how deep-rooted superstition has become in our country. According to reports, a political appointee in the state, accompanied by some young men, stormed Oku community in Boki Local Government Area and set ablaze about 12 persons alleged to be witches and wizards. These innocent citizens were reportedly brought out of their homes and burnt alive. The survivors were also denied medical treatment following a threat by the leader of the killer gang that anyone who offered them medical attention would also suffer similar fate.

This callous act of unscrupulous men waking up from their beds in 21st century Nigeria, moving from house to house and carrying out blatant acts of murder without being challenged is totally unacceptable and must be duly punished. It is more disheartening that public officers could have the audacity to take laws into their hands, condemn people to death and carry out the execution. This political appointee was said to have been accompanied by some youths, one of whom was said to be using a mirror to show who was a witch or wizard and had to be destroyed.

More disturbing is that cases like these have become prevalent in the South-south, particularly in Cross River and Akwa Ibom States, where people have over the years cultivated the habit of unjustly accusing their neighbours of witchcraft after which they mete out jungle justice. We therefore challenge both Governor Ben Ayade and the Cross River State Police Commissioner to immediately fish out these murderers and promptly bring them to justice. Only deliberate punishment for this callous act can serve as a deterrent to others.

However, there is also a challenge that we must deal with. Given the nature of our society, people usually reduce things they dont understand to spiritual attacks, witchcraft, etc., and such labelling and embellishments often push them to seek false solutions. Leo Igwe, President of the Advocacy for Alleged Witches (AfWA), who named the principal suspect in the tragic incident explained how some traditional priests claim they can look into the occult world using a mirror to find answers and solutions to individual and community problems. He added that these supposedly spiritually powerful persons are usually invited to point out witches and wizards and other evil persons in their families. They usually place the mirror in front of any suspect or ask the person to look into it as they try to certify if the person is evil or not. These charlatans are hired and paid huge sums of money to come and identify witches and wizards.

While we therefore condemn the Cross River State killings, there is also a need for a sustained sensitisation of Nigerians, especially in rural areas, on the dangers posed not only by jungle justice but also by a retrogressive belief system that has no regard for human lives. This tragic episode is a throwback to the primitive age when might was right and stronger personalities oppressed the weak and vulnerable in the society. We hope that the authorities in Cross River State will join hands with the security agencies to fish out the principal character in this most heinous crime and all his collaborators after which they must be brought to book for this depraved social behaviour.

In all, we strongly voice our opposition to the spate of indiscriminate killings. Nigerians should seriously work against any form of bestiality that portrays this nation in bad light before the international community. We are not a nation of sadists and savages.

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THE KILLINGS IN CROSS RIVER - THISDAY Newspapers

How War lead to the advent of Market Economy – Modern Diplomacy

In the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic, it is important to acknowledge that three prominent intellectual figures spanning the 19th and 20th centuries forecasted the cataclysm of modernity. Thomas Carlyle, Ren Gunon, and Jacques Ellul provided reasoned accounts to justify their views that modernity is engulfed in a state of crisis on the basis that the not-mutually-exclusive hegemonies of technology, capitalism, and globalization are not invulnerable.

While each offered a slightly different viewpoint and a slightly different description of what they took to be the crisis, their views all coalesce around the general thesis that the continuous expansion of the material and technological built landscapes will eventually prove to be catastrophic. This is for two reasons. The first, because an ever-more complex system becomes ripe for error, an error which could cause the whole system to go haywire. Essentially, the bigger it is the harder it falls. The second reason is that in constructing an external environment as its hegemonic priority, humanity is neglecting giving attention to spirituality, philosophy, and developing the human inward nature. The external and material becomes the fog that humanity becomes ensconced in to such an extent that pursuing such things as the ascertainment of spiritual reality through intuition, the project Plato inaugurated academia with and inspired Christianity and Islams later development with, becomes wrested away wholesale from the consciousness of humanity. The two factors work in a type of synergy in that they mutually reinforce one another and precipitate cataclysm. The renunciation of the pursuit of constructing an ever vaster and more complex material system, which ostensibly implies a turn toward the spiritual as a premise, is the only means to stave off ever-greater cataclysms as the material system continuously grows more complex and more globalized.

Since the Industrial Revolution of the 19th century, technology, capitalism, and globalization have exerted their unquestioned domination only increasinglyuntil COVID-19. Technology, capitalism, and globalization have been unquestioned to such an extent that in hindsight it is obvious, in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic, that a global emergency of major proportions was necessary to even entertain the question that they were bound all along to eventually lead to a breakdown and inflict unprecedented harm to global health and the global economy. World War II was a destructive moment, but in no way did it impede the post-war expansions of technology, capitalism, and globalization in the latter-half of the 20th century and the first two decades of the 21st. The COVID-19 pandemic is dissimilar even to the catastrophe of World War II because of the magnitude and the nearly-universal geographic scope of the economic toll it has taken in such a short time. Moreover, while there was room for technology, globalization, and capitalism to both re-emerge and expand following World War II, their room for expansion from their forms immediately prior to the economic contraction COVID-19 exacted is likely to be minimal and is more likely to be non-existent or even negative. The contraction of the technological globalized capitalist system would inherently imply the beginning of a new post-globalization era.

What makes Carlyle, Gunon, and Ellul interesting to entertain in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic is the grand, global, and esoteric natures of their philosophies of modern history. It should be noted that the dominance of scientific rationality, mechanization, and materialist economy in the modern era itself was the lens through which enabled their philosophies to bereceived as radical and esoteric, or not based on empirical, positivist, scientific evidence. If their views had found a way to usurp the hegemonic position in the popular collective consciousness, they would not have been seen as radical or off-base.

Thomas Carlyles Sartor Resartus is an 1836 fiction book that essentially inaugurated and epitomized modern social criticism toward the blind commitment to the Enlightenment and the resulting emergence of the non-spiritual materialistic basis of 19th century European politics, economy, and society. It was a chief inspiration for Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau and a foundational book for American Transcendentalism as an intellectual movement in general. In Sartor Resartus, Carlyle offers a cryptic diagnosis of the ailment of modernity during the midst of its advent, the Victorian industrial age.

Speaking through the voice of the books protagonist, Professor Diogenes Teufelsdrckh, Carlyle theorizes of a phoenix that can be forecasted to take place roughly sometime in the 21st century. Carlyle writes, we are at this hour in a most critical condition; beleaguered by that boundless Armament of Mechanisers and Unbelievers, threatening to strip us bare! The World, says [Teufelsdrckh], as it needs must, is under a process of devastation and waste, which, whether by silent assiduous corrosion, or open quicker combustion, as the case chances, will effectually enough annihilate the past Forms of Society; replace them with what it may. This is flowery language that communicates Carlyles view that the world is destined to be consumed and destroyed as a function of the domination of those who uninterruptedly pursue the boundless construction of the material economy single-mindedly as their highest/only priority in conjunction with those who are non-spiritual, the Unbelievers. The Armament of Mechanisers and Unbelievers are synergistic and largely synonymous in that they are those who acknowledge only that which is material and perceptible by their senses.

To Carlyle, the Armament of Mechanisers and Unbelievers, by promoting the material economy, are inherently ignoring the spiritual realm, a realm that would be a moderator and reign in all-consuming materialism by embodying the virtue of renunciation (a virtue in nearly every theological and spiritual tradition). Humanity loses consciousness of the spiritual because modernity inherently divests the world of its spirit. Such a process is unsustainable because the finite nature of the world and its finite resources cannot sustain the pursuit of infinite material consumption and the increasing chaos that inherently manifests with a system that grows ever more complex. Thus, the materialist economy is bound to come into its full being, just like the mythic phoenix, before returning to ash and emerging in a different form. Carlyle reflects, what time the Phoenix Death-Birth itself will require depends on unseen contingencies and that it is a handsome bargain would she engage to have [it] done within two centuries.

Ren Gunon, a 20th century intellectual and metaphysician, offered what is perhaps the most sweeping and all-encompassing critique of the historical trajectory of Western civilization. He is also noteworthy in the contemporary sense as an inspiration for Steve Bannon, a chief political and policy adviser to President Donald Trump and a prominent promoter of traditionalist conservatism through such channels as Breitbart News Network. For Gunon, the West is in precipitous decline and he forecasted that it will reach a breaking point since the world is progressively displacing the realization of the quality of what he called the Essence of the transcendental realm (i.e. what lies beyond time and space and is perceived through the use of Platonic/spiritual intuition) with the realization of ever-greater quantity of the substance of what is material on Earth. Essentially, the progressive development of civilization corresponds to a cheapening of it and what he refers to as a reign of quantity rather than a reign of the quality of what can be nominally cast as the timeless Platonic Forms. Rather than conceiving of an ideal (i.e. a Platonic Form) through the use of intuition and then pursuing its realization in the Earthly material realm, everything modern defaults to gravitating around what Gunon takes to be the lowest-common-denominator, which is the measurement of everything by its quantitative rather than qualitative value. In other words, we are losing our ability to grasp and realize by intuition the ideal incarnation of all objects, concepts, and phenomena that are timeless and unchanging in the transcendent realm yet ephemeral in the material Earthly realm.

In The Crisis of the Modern World, published in 1927 shortly after World War Is explicit embodiment of the rejection of the narrative of continual progress in modernity, Gunon reflects: the belief in a never-ending progress, which until recently was held as a sort of inviolable and indisputable dogma, is no longer so widespread; there are those who perceive, though in a vague and confused manner , that the civilization of the West may not always go on developing in the same direction, but may some day reach a point where it will stop, or even be plunged in its entirety into some cataclysm.

Gunon parallels Carlyle in Sartor Resartus in that he acknowledges the deeply problematic nature of cutting material existence on Earth off from any transcendent/spiritual/divine reality, a phenomenon which is only increasingly taking place in the context of modernity and not in previous ages. Devoid of any collective consciousness of transcendent reality that may prove effectual to moderating the continuous expansion of materialism and the reign of quantity, Gunon thinks modernity takes on a dimension antithetical to the transcendent and thus can be deemed satanic in the simplest nominal and non-theological use of the term. This narrative, Gunon maintains, explains the eventual dissolution of the modern world, as the reign of quantity will maximize the realization of quantity to its farthest limits, before triggering a cataclysmic contraction. According to Gunon in The Reign of Quantity and the Signs of the Times, the rectification of modernity presupposes arrival at the point at which the descent is completely accomplished, where the wheel stops turning. Gunon concludes that until such a breaking point is attained, it is impossible that these things should be understood by men in general

Jacques Ellul, who was perhaps the foremost philosopher-critic of technology in the 20th century (and a chief inspiration for the Unabomber), largely reincarnated without citation Carlyles original criticisms of modernity. Ellul felt that modernity was synonymous with one vast global technical civilization that was autonomous and not subject to human control since its overall historical development as a system and long-term consequences are not subject to human control.Ellul defines what he takes to be technical civilization in his magnum opus The Technological Society, published in 1954: technical civilization means that our civilization is constructed by technique (makes a part of civilization only what belongs to technique), for technique (in that everything in this civilization must serve a technical end), and is exclusively technique (in that it excludes whatever is not technique or reduces it to technical form).

Ellul made known his theory that the technical civilization will have to perfect itself and sustain its perfection, as the only other alternative to perfection is the commission of an error, either small or large, that has the ability to cause the vast and interconnected system to go haywire. Ellul declares, the technical society must perfect the man-machine complex or risk total collapse. For Ellul, technical civilization is a Behemoth and it can rest easy as nothing will prevent him from consuming mankind. Such an elucidation of the stakes involved in creating an ever-more complex and gigantic globalized and technological system are deeply relevant to the narrative of how COVID-19 wreaked havoc on global health and the global economy so quickly and so easily. Air travel and other forms of transportation infrastructure were technological developments that had reached a zenith at the time of the onset of the pandemic as a function of globalized capitalism also being at a zenith. The totality of the network of global transportation infrastructure manifested by technical civilizations progressive global development since the Industrial Revolution was compounded by the growth in the levels of global travel on the part of the largest global population in history at the time of COVID-19s onset.

Ellul denounces liberal political economy for providing the favorable climate necessary for the unquestioned manifestation of technical civilization and refutes prospective critics who would maintain that liberal economy and technical civilization are compatible for the long-term:

It will doubtless be pointed out, by way of refutation, that production techniques were developed during the ascendancy of liberalism, which furnished a favorable climate for their development and understood perfectly how to use them. But this is no counterargument. The simple fact is that liberalism permitted the development of its executioner, exactly as in a healthy tissue a constituent cell may proliferate and give rise to a fatal cancer. The healthy body represented the necessary condition for the cancer. But there was no contradiction between the two. The same relation holds between technique and economic liberalism.

Just as Carlyle documented what he took to be the crisis of modernity at its advent during the initial industrialism of 19th century Victorian England, Gunon documented in the context of retrospectively accounting for the catastrophes of both World Wars I and II, and Ellul documented in the context of the post-World War II exponential growth of technology, the COVID-19 pandemic provides another milestone with which to, at a minimum, revisit their mutually compatible theses with respect to the cataclysm of modernity. Whether COVID-19 proves to be the big one and arrests the hegemonic triumvirate of technology, capitalism, and globalization remains to be seen. At a minimum, what can be gleaned from Carlyle, Gunon, and Ellul is that modernitys improvement of the material standard of living for so many globally needs to be balanced with a view toward moderation and long-term sustainability. Liberal political economy, science, and technological innovation have until now been single-minded seekers of continuous growth without acknowledging the need to at some point ossify or plateau the technical civilization they have each been instrumental in constructing so that it does not become a phoenix and burn to ash.

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How War lead to the advent of Market Economy - Modern Diplomacy

The Talk of the Three-in-One – Patheos

Holy Trinity Fresco (Masaccio), Wikipedia

Trinity Sunday is often joked about in Christian circle as that day anyone can easily fall into heresy via poor analogies for an incomparable mystery. Some insist the topic should not even be broached unless one has a theology degree, and even then its a matter that treads thin ice. I, however, take for granted that analogies are inherently imperfect, not depicting what a thing is but rather highlighting certain aspects that are loosely comparable. They are useful in as much as they draw the faithful to meditate upon revealed mysteries and to expound upon them to others, and to humble us, in realizing that no matter how we ponder, we shall never know the full truth of it until the life to come.

In light of a bunch of interfaith conversations with Muslim friends regarding the Trinity and Incarnation, I think, perhaps, I have come to understand at least one of the root points of divergence, or perceived divergence, between Muslim and Christian understandings of the divine essence. It has to do with our different levels of comfort with revelation that transcends our ability to understand it, and as such are differing views of paradox as either antithetical to truth or a means of unveiling it. It also has to do with some misconceptions about what Christians actually believe when we speak about the Trinity.

When I hear a Muslim say that God has no partners, it doesnt make me, as a Christian, automatically think its meant to disclaim the Trinity, because I dont view the Trinity as some sort of committee board meeting of disparate parties. They cant just take off in their own directions and fall to quarreling, like pagan gods are often depicted as doing. If anything, the Muslim objection is a foil to Christian heretical movements, but certainly not orthodox Christianity itself. When it comes to God for the Christian, They *are* He, and He *is* They. Confused? Good, thats probably the right place to be, honestly. It proves we have finite human brains which cannot grasp divine mysteries.

If we were to make any pagan analogy at all, it would be the different faces of different deities, such as the Maiden, Mother, Crone of Celtic lore or Brahma, Vishnu, and Shiva in Hindu mythology. But even that is exceedingly loose at best, and probably comparable to apples and pears. All the same, the Celts remained deeply connected to the mystical resonance of the number three, both in their paganism and their Christianity, and thus Celtic Christianity was and still is deeply Trinitarian in emphasis. The knot design symbolizing the triple goddess was converted into a token of Father, Son, and Guide, sometimes poetically depicted as three hands protecting a pilgrim through the journey of life. This is not dissimilar to St. Hildegard of Bingens description of three wings, one which is above (Father), the second below (Son), and the third which is everywhere (Holy Spirit).

But in keeping with our Abrahamic heritage, our understanding of the divine is not merely a super-powered being from another dimension of reality, as many pagan gods tend to be portrayed, but rather the essence of all realities, and indeed, unrealities (all that is seen and unseen, all that is and is not). All potential, whether realized or not, arises from God. Indeed, as Islam affirms in the Arabic tongue, la ilaha illallah. There is no god but God, or as the Sufis reflect upon it, there is no reality but the one reality. My belief in the Trinity does not in any way compromise my belief that God is, indeed, the only source and center of reality. If anything, it affirms it, in that I often believe I can see the Trinitarian mystery revealed in the world around me.

The human body, for example, has multiplicity within singularity in the various organs that keep it working, which in turn is played out in the many parts of the Church, which acts as the Body of Christ in this world. I see it when light shines through a multi-faceted prism, casting from a single crystal many colors. I can see it in the yolk, white, and shell of an egg, or the leaves on a clover. I can see it in the forms of water, ice, and mist. The triune aspects of mind, heart, and soul, or intellect, emotions, and will, further reveal this truth. There are three dimensions of reality found in length, breadth and depth, and three dimensions of time found in past, present, and future. God can be said to be Lover, Beloved, and Love itself, as well as the Knower, that which is Known, and the Knowledge itself.

Even in our subconscious archetypes, made manifest in tales told in almost every culture and century, there has always been something numinous about the number threewhether it be three kisses or three wishes or three tasks necessary for a hero to accomplish before the kingdom might be unleashed from a deadly curse. Always threeness finds completion in oneness, just as the family is a reflection this mystery, through masculine and feminine union bringing forth the new life of their children. Yes, all these things are symbols and signs, only as good as a metaphor can carry, and yet it intuits some greater truth beneath the surface that has always haunted us. All this lends credence to the metaphysical concept called The Law of Three.

As Chesterton wrote in his epic Ballad of the White Horse, capturing the mystery of the interaction between the human draw towards the internal workings of the divine: The meanest man in grey fields one behind the set of sun, heareth between star and other star, through the door of the darkness fallen ajar, the council, eldest of things that are, the talk of the Three-in-One.

When a Muslim says that God is indivisible, again, I wouldnt automatically think that was intended to disclaim the Trinity, because I already believe the Trinity is indivisible, not pull-apart like a breakfast bun, or a patch-work quilt loosely stitched together. It is not God + a man + an angel/bird/what have you. God is the divine essential which binds the aspects into a full motion, like a spinning pin-wheel, where the prongs are made one in the singular swiftness of the motion. Each person is no less divine than the other persons, making the relationship distinct from them being parts of the pie that can be removed, thus reducing the quantity of God, since after all, God has no quantity, as we understand it.

They are equal in being and substance, but subordinate or superior only in role or position. The Father creates the world, and sends forth His Son to redeem it, and the Spirit proceeds from the love between the Father and the Son, which comes to rest within hearts opened to that indwelling. One analogy might be the fact that both yours truly and the Queen of England are equal in substance (our shared humanity) but differ in role (Im a broke author, and shes constitutional crown-toting corgi owner). However, unlike that example, there is oneness of essence that belies the separateness of individual mortals, and the outpouring quality of the Trinity is eternally co-existent. There has never been a time when the Son was not begotten of the Father, nor a time when the Spirit did not proceed from both.

Jewish mystical writings, such as Kabbalah, emphasize that God is more a verb than a noun; a dynamic force, a whirlwind, a dance, and this, I think, is at the heart of the Trinitarian concept. God is motion, and interplay, and as such, from a Christian perspective, has never been alone even before time and space were created. Kabbalists would suggest this interplay takes the form of male and female aspects of the divine, the transcendent male Creator (En Sof) and the immanent female component through which all that is must flow (Shekinah). Christians would describe a similar concept in light of the Father (transcendent) and the Son (outpouring). As with any two distinct parts in dynamic, there must be, in some way a resolving force, the Love itself that kindles of the flame of the relationship. This, to us, would be the Holy Spirit. As such, God is one in essence and three in subsistence.

I often feel that poetic language fits the mystery better than sterile philosophical terms. There are many quotes from the saints that fulfill this mystical quality, and which I wish more non-Christians familiarized themselves with before broaching the discussion topic. It also helps to show the way in which the Trinity is spoken of in Christian devotional life, as a living, breathing force of faith.

For example, St. John of the Cross wrote: The Blessed Trinity inhabits the soul by divinely illuminating its intellect with the wisdom of the Son, delighting its will in the Holy Spirit and absorbing it powerfully and mightily in the unfathomed embrace of the Fathers sweetness.

St. Catherine of Sienna prayed: O Eternal Trinity, my sweet Love, You Who are Light, give me light; You Who are Wisdom, give me wisdom; O supreme Fortitude, give me strength. O Eternal God, You are the calm ocean where souls dwell and are nourished, and where they find their rest in the union of love.

St. Julian of Norwich reflected: For the almighty truth of the Trinity is our Father, for he made us and he keeps us in him. And the deep wisdom of the Trinity is our Mother, in whom we are enclosed. And the high goodness of the Trinity is our Lord, and in him we are enclosed and he in us. We are enclosed in the Father, and we are enclosed in the Son, and we are enclosed in the Holy Spirit. And the Father is enclosed in us, the Son is enclosed in us, and the Holy Spirit is enclosed in us, almighty, all wisdom and goodness, one God, one Lord.

St. Hildegard of Bingen again waxed mystical: Therefore you see a bright light, which without any flaw of illusion, deficiency or description designates the Father; and in this light, the figure of a man the color of a sapphire, which without any flaw of obstinacy, envy or iniquity designates the Son, Who was begotten of the Father in Divinity before time began, and then within time was incarnate in the world in Humanity; which is all blazing with a gentle glowing fire, which fire without any flaw of aridity, mortality, or darkness is the Holy Spirit, by Whom the Only-Begotten of God was conceived in the flesh and born of the Virgin within time and poured the true light into the world.

St. Elizabeth of the Trinity wrote in ecstasy: O my Three, my all, my Beatitude, infinite Solitude, immensity in which I lose myself, I surrender myself to you as your prey. Bury yourself in me that I may bury myself in you until I depart to contemplate in your light the abyss of your greatness!

None of this, as you can see, takes away from a grounding belief in Gods greatness, beyondness, and essential quality. Muslims excel upon the focus of these attributes of God, which are revealed in the 99 Names of Allah, and which are expounded upon at eloquent length in the Quran and various sermons and prayers from famous figures in the Islamic tradition, such as Ali ibn abi Talib and his son, Hussain. Most of what they have to say I actually already believe in as a Christian; its what they reject or limit themselves from believing about God where we tend to part ways. This is because most Muslims perceive Christian belief, most especially those involving the outpouring and self-sacrificing aspects of the divine life itself, to contradict the greatness and omnipotence of God.

As I said earlier, perhaps this is simply because of my own comfort with Christian resolution paradox, with the mysterious both/and that has always been at the heart of our tradition. Ive been asked if that bothers me at all, and can easily respond that it is this facet that actually makes me more in love with my faith. The Trinity, the Incarnation, and the Cross are the three things that attract me to Christianity most deeply, and they are the three things which most Muslims find most distasteful and mind-boggling. Indeed, I feel a special attraction to those saints who reflected upon and wrote about these mysteries most. Quite simply, Im used to saying yes and yes to things that Islamic thought would interpret as being inherently incongruent and therefore categorically wrong.

However, once that plunge is made, it opens up a sort of drop-down menu that expands on the common page of reference Muslims and Christians share. Once one sees the menu, and if it actually click something inside that makes it resonate, theres no way of looking at the world the same again. That having been said, others who havent had the same click moment with the menu think the cheese has slipped off our collective Christian cracker. And trying to put myself in their place, and see the world through their particular set of goggles, I can understand that.

The question of whether these doctrines are simply inventions of men, or tools to serve a given end, comes up in conversation as well. I am obviously aware these issues were settled in Church councils made up of men; I also believe that God works through (you got it) men, in councils, bearing upon their shoulders the weight of the Holy Spirit, unfolding the destiny of the Church. I believe these doctrines were providentially inspired and intended to be formulated and finalized , not just as tools, but also as end to themselves, as a revelation of a dynamic within God (yes, just the Scriptures, the Word of God through the words of men). They are gifts to us I cannot dream of giving away.

They show us something about Gods nature that we, and the world, otherwise would lack. It is the revelation that makes us what we are, this Trinitarian Monotheism, upon which we bear and imprint in our souls through Baptism. Thats why the early Church hashed these topics out so fiercely, because this stuff was vitally important to our relationship with God and our standing with the world. As a result, the Christian understanding of who God is reveals a divinity that is integrally active rather than static, intrinsically relational rather than monolithic. God did not create us because He needed us for communion, but rather He did so out a superabundance of desire to share the communion already intrinsic to His Trinitarian nature. The divine reality is an overflowing chalice. It is this endless movement we see as making sense of the statement that God *is* Love, as opposed to God *has* Love, since dynamic must exist within Gods very essence and internal workings for such an attribute to exist.

The same is true of the nature of the Incarnation. For Christians, its this revelation we believe we have, an idea that is planted by seeds, passed onto us by word of mouth and pen, one that grows and develops and flourishes through the life of the Church. It is something we believe really and truly happened, something that makes itself manifest to us the more we open our eyes to its mysterious pull, something we can see hints of in the world around us, a point at which eternity infuses itself into a very specific time and place to undergo the tortures and triumphs of the human experience in solidarity with us, making all hardships grafted to the root of the cross.

This is why we might sing of the scandalous grace of One being crushed and defiled by sin and death, so that we might call Christ, the God-Man, our brother, and share a new life of grace by becoming part of His Body. Just as He rises from the dead, so we too are raised to new life. As St. Paul said in one of my favorite verses, If any man be in Christ, he is a new creation. The old has passed away. Behold, the new has come. We might say this new creation shows a more important aspect of God than the old creation. One emphasizes power; the other emphasizes love. It is sort of an overflowing the Trinitarian principle into our world, like a triple water-wheel of filling and emptying, ever-turning, simultaneously all-powerful and all-vulnerable, lover, beloved, and love all at the same time.

This is why in all things, Christians are called to mark themselves by making the sign of the cross over their bodies, in the Name of the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit. It is one of the things that kept me religious even during dark nights of the soul; if I had been from another religion, say, Judaism or Islam, I believe I might have left. But Christ on the Cross would not let me go. It is this inheritance of the faith, one grounded upon the concept of the divine authority expiating itself and imbuing itself in the imperfect world of men. This view of heaven and earth being wed in Christ also enables me to see enlightenment, to greater or lesser extents, present in all the other religious traditions that have come into the being.

The wind of the Spirit I believes blows where it wills, and all peoples through history have been affected by it, relating to it through different levels and layers of Goodness, Truth, and Beauty. God knows what we do not, and I can easily believe the divine dance is more than capable of including those we deem outsiders within its cosmic rhythm. Perhaps, as the Archbishop of Canterbury once mentioned, Christianity and its worldview are more than just a gift for Christians, but rather a gift to the world which we share through thought, word, and deed based in the theological virtues of faith, hope, and charity (still more Trinitarian connections there).

The fact is, this cycle or argument over the Trinity is likely to continue as it has for centuries, frustrating as it can be for Christians and Muslims alike. Most of us have the best of intentions trying to knock some sense into the other party, but casting a glance down through the trundle of history, we usually wound up just killing time at chronicled Crusade parleys, somewhere between taste-testing Mediterranean cuisine and watching the sultans belly dancers at the cross-cultural crash-bash. But on another note, perhaps God has actually been testing us all this time to learn to debate with grace, and make sure that in the process of discussing the divine we do not cease to see the divine presence in one another, which sadly has happened far too often.

If you believe in the Trinity and the Incarnation as I do, I would say one of the very worst things a person can do is to defile those beliefs by reducing them to sticks with which to hit people or undermine the sincerity of their own devotion to God. If you believe in the Trinity and Incarnation, then they should be transformative beliefs about Gods internal dynamic as Love itself, ever in motion in the divine dance, filling and emptying like a water wheel that never end, flowing out with such power that it incarnates in the dense, jagged reality of human existence, even to the chasm of death itself, so that divine life might be drawn even up from such depths.

To be Trinitarian, to be Incarnational, is to me to seek out the Lover, Beloved, and Love in everything, to see the image of God generously incarnating in this world through so many signs and wonders, simple and extraordinary. We should be able to see the workings of the Trinity not just in the things that strike us familiar, in Latin chants and vespers, in Renaissance painting and sculpture, in the crossing of ourselves at prayer, but also buried deep in the secret sanctity of the eyes of a friend from another land, in the kaleidoscope of geometric art that spells out order and sublimity.

It can be found in the rolling tongues foreign to our ears that sing of the tears of repentance to Ya Ilahi, in the poetry that could break ones heart with its passion and poignancy, and beyond all this, in the complexity and confusion, and hurt and humility that should come with all attempts at bridging gaps, for we are all struggling, all stammering in our own ways, all on a journey, a caravan, all trying to remember who we are, where weve come from, and to Whom we shall return. As St. Augustine was reminded by the angelic boy on the sea, the mysteries of God are less likely to be understood in the here and now than the ocean can be emptied out by a sea shell.

If you believe in the Trinity, you should see it reflected everywhere, and if you believe in the Incarnation, you should see the face of Christ so strongly in your neighbor you would grant the kiss of peace to the stranger, the outcast, the other, even to your worst enemy in awe that you should be blessed with such an opportunity. After all, our souls are part of the divine dance too. We are all created in the image of God, but its up to us to reflect His likeness, which is inherently a call to communion, loving God with our whole heart, mind, and soul, and our neighbor as ourselves. Perhaps that is the beating heart of the mystery most deserving to be contemplated in our daily lives.

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The Talk of the Three-in-One - Patheos

Global Astaxanthin Market to Expand as Dietary Supplements Become a Part of the Food Industry: TMR – PRNewswire

ALBANY, New York, June 8, 2020 /PRNewswire/ -- The demand for astaxanthin has increased alongside advancements in the field of chemical research. Compounds containing oxygen, hydroxyl, and ketone groups have gained popularity across the globe. These compounds are constantly being studied to explore their properties and applications. It is important for the chemical industry to acknowledge the effectiveness of these compounds in key industries. This would help in popularization of the benefits and applications of these compounds. In light of the factors stated herein, the global astaxanthin market is projected to grow along a lucrative trajectory. Astaxanthin occurs naturally in freshwater micro algae, adding to its utility and purity. Attempts to artificially synthesize the compound have also been made in the recent past. The growing relevance of the compound in key industries has created a plethora of opportunities for market growth.

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Approval by FDA as a Precursor to Popularity of Astaxanthin

In recent times, production and extraction of astaxanthin has become a matter of discussion across global research circles. It has become evident that the uses of astaxanthin in leading industries have prompted researchers to look into its chemical and physical properties. Several trends and factors have played a formative role in popularizing astaxanthin across key industries.

Gather core insights about the leading trends operating in the Astaxanthin Market (Source; Grade; Application; Form) - Global Industry Analysis, Size, Share, Growth, Trends, and Forecast, 2020 2030 at: https://www.transparencymarketresearch.com/pressrelease/astaxanthin-market.htm

Global Astaxanthin Market: Growth Drivers

The growth of the global astaxanthin market mainly depends on the use of this compound in commercial industries. Some of the leading driver of demand within the global astaxanthin market are:

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Global Astaxanthin Market: Restraints to Expansion

Despite the accepted usage of astaxanthin in feeds for aquaculture, several medical research organizations have contested the effectiveness of the compound. The compound is still under preliminary research across several research labs. The European Food Safety Authority, in the past, has asked for safety certifications from manufacturers of the compound. Vendors operating in the global astaxanthin market are looking for ways to bypass the odds to market expansion.

Analyze global Astaxanthin Market growth in 30+ countries including US, Canada, Germany, United Kingdom, France, Italy, Russia, Poland, Benelux, Nordic, China, Japan, India, and South Korea. Request a sample of the study

Global Astaxanthin Market: Key Market Players

Explore Transparency Market Research's award-winning coverage of the global Food and Beverages Industry,

Alfalfa Protein Concentrate Market - The global alfalfa protein concentrate market was valued at ~US$ 193 Mnin2020, finds Transparency Market Research (TMR) in a recent study. According to the report, the market is anticipated to reach ~US$ 375 Mnby2030,at a CAGR of ~7%.

Dried Apricots Market - The global dried apricots market stand strong at an astonishing USD $ 537.7 Mn. The market is projected to hit astonishing pints by the end of 2026. The growth will be attributed to the CAGR hike of 5.3% in the period from 2018 to 2026.

Protein Ingredients Market - The protein ingredients market is favorable for growth in high demand regions such as North America and Europe. Innovations such as membrane separation technology are important milestones in dairy protein.

Vegan Cheese Market- The global vegan cheese market value was estimated to reachUS$ 2.5 Bnby the end of2020, finds Transparency Market Research (TMR) in a recent study. According to the report, the vegan cheese market is anticipated to reach ~US$ 7 Bnby2030, at a CAGR of~10%.

Psyllium Products Market - The global psyllium products market's value is estimated to be ~US$ 215 Mnin2020, finds Transparency Market Research (TMR) in a recent study. According to the report, the market is expected to reach ~US$ 525 Mnby2030,at a CAGR of ~9.2%.

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Global Astaxanthin Market to Expand as Dietary Supplements Become a Part of the Food Industry: TMR - PRNewswire

Everything You Need To Know About The Best Daily Supplement – Popdust

While working from home, self-care needs to be a priority. Mindfulness routines and healthy foods are go-to options for people looking to improve their daily lifestyle, but maintaining a consistent routine can also be incredibly difficult. For those who are looking to make a meaningful update to their health and lifestyle, Sakara Life offers the perfect solution to get you started.

The Foundation--a daily vitamin pack made up of six pills---includes all the essential nutrients that fill dietary gaps, support optimal health and vitality, and help you feel your best. These six capsules are 100% clean, derived from all-natural sources, and are entirely plant-based.

Still unsure about the effectiveness of The Foundation? Don't worry. We have all of your most pressing questions answered below.

What is Sakara?

Sakara Life is a wellness company anchored in food as medicine. They offer organic, whole-food based meals and functional products designed to help people feel like the best version of themselves. Recently Sakara launched their line of vitamins called SakaraRX with the first vitamin pack called The Foundation.

What makes this product different from other natural supplements?

The supplement industry is largely unregulated and many brands out there produce vitamins that also contain toxic fillers and additives. Sakara's supplements are 100% free of harsh chemicals and toxins and consist only of whole-food, plant-based organic ingredients. The daily vitamin pack is also free of any dairy, gluten, soy, sugar, artificial flavors, and preservatives. Each supplement goes through intensive testing for purity and potency and was developed with industry experts and doctors.

6 Pills? What are they for?

The six pills included in The Foundation are:

Why is the dosage not customizable?

While many supplements allow you to customize your dosage, The Foundation features six pre-portioned pills in one standard dosage. For other supplements, taking the right dosage can often seem like a bit of a science experiment.

All six supplements are packaged into single-use packs with a universal dosage, so you never have to worry about taking too much or too little.

How will this product make me feel?

Thanks to The Foundation's diverse assortment of supplements, Sakara is essentially a one-stop-shop for anything related to well-being, health, and a positive lifestyle. After weeks of daily use, you'll notice positive changes to your digestive wellness, immunity, energy, mood, hair, nails, and skin.

Why are you such a big fan of The Foundation?

It's tough to find 100% clean, plant-based supplements. It's even tougher to find organic variants of our favorite supplements. The Foundation offers a simple fix for this unnecessary problem.

For less than $4 a day, you're getting some of the best quality supplements on the market. Sakara also has a convenient subscription option that'll save you $15, plus you can pause or cancel at any time. Unlike its competitors, each supplement is carefully selected to fill nutrient deficiencies in your diet--providing the optimal balance of ingredients for an energized and healthy body. The result? Six tiny pills that improve every aspect of your well-being. The Foundation is a modern solution to staying healthy and radiant.

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Everything You Need To Know About The Best Daily Supplement - Popdust