Reckoning with race: Three Black cannabis insiders on how the industry could be more equitable – The GrowthOp

"Canada fully dismisses its historical systemic racism, even though it's so apparent," says DiversityTalk's Ika Washington

In the wake of global Black Lives Matter protests and the movements demands to defund police services, it seems that every organization in all industries is looking inward and experiencing a reckoning with racial injustice.

But the cannabis industry has been relatively quiet on the subject. Some find that strange: from an overwhelmingly white workforce to the unfair policing of Black, Indigenous and people of colour in the illicit market on both sides of the border, one might expect more meaningful anti-racist action-planning in the industry.

The GrowthOp asked three Black industry insiders what meaningful action would mean to them; how todays social upheaval is connected to the war on drugs and legalization, and what its like to work in the burgeoning, overwhelmingly white industry.

Heres what they had to say.

I havent seen a lot coming from the industry publicly that would suggest that theyve made a really strong and deep connection in their conscience about the fact that policing and the death of Black lives Black men and women at the hands of police are intimately linked to the legacy of law enforcement of drugs and the war on drugs.

I think its their responsibility to make that connection and to do something about it because there would not be an industry if it wasnt for the sacrifices that were made by largely Black and brown legacy actors.

The cannabis industry has had significant upheaval in the last couple of months with COVID, and so it could just be a function of them not having it together to make a coordinated response. There were a lot of people who were let go and a lot of shuffling. So I think that theres a lot of movement and uncertainty in the industry from the large players and perhaps thats why. But again, its no excuse because they continue to do business that they believe matters to them. So, ultimately, I think its a lack of priority.

Internally, these companies can develop a policy whereby they intentionally seek out, in their leadership and their staff, people of colour and people who come from backgrounds that were disproportionately and harmfully affected by the war on drugs. They can really ramp up their corporate social responsibility programming to invest in programs that help communities that were disproportionately impacted, either through job training or through scholarships, or donation to advocacy organizations like ours.

And a lot of these corporations have really strategic lobbying wings. They can use that power to bring to the attention of the government how necessary it is to implement some kind of reparations regime for communities that have been negatively impacted by this war on drugs.

We have a page on our website where we look at the top 10 organizations that are assisting marginalized people, particularly homeless people, in the COVID pandemic. Were encouraging people to either volunteer or donate to those organizations because our mission is part of a broader struggle to assist people who are marginalized in society, and that justice isnt just about a sort of single-issue problem.

When you say Black market, you know what youre saying or maybe you arent that conscious. But in Oregon, where I lived before, we call it the traditional market, or the illicit. But I think that subconsciously, we are aware of the bad guys wearing the Black hat and legal weed is the white-headed cowboy. And if you look at the top of who actually runs everything, those are some people who see themselves as white-headed cowboys.

Its difficult to talk about these things in terms of just race, because were dealing with this industry where theres so much new money. Were always talking about class, too. These new people, generally theyre white people who have a bunch of money, which is a recipe for not having a lot of experience with Black people or people of colour. When that happens, you can conflate misreadings and mistreatments that are as much about class as they do about race, and thats a hard conversation for us to have.

I feel like I get affected by that as much as anything. We had a guest on the podcast really early on, a journalist, who talked about their ability to be on the inside because they had grown up around that they had gone to fine schools and that was their advantage. I didnt call this person on it on the podcast were trying to be entertaining and be gracious hosts but theres this idea that you have this leg up on someone because youve been in the room. Thats not fair.

So when we talk about there being a lot of work to do, its not just, Were now in favour of Black people not getting the living shit kicked out of them. Its looking at yourself and your own attitudes. These people who are regarded as cowboys in this moment have little inclination to look at themselves that way.

A lot of the people that were at the company were white men or white women, and it was just really weird as the only Black woman at the table. And Im saying, Hey, maybe we should be more diverse, or maybe your social responsibility should be targeted toward amnesty for people with criminal records within Canada. And Id get shut down. It was kind of like, okay, well, theres obviously a problem in the room.

I was not interested in being part of the cannabis industry in Canada anymore. Thats how I ended up going to the UK for my masters. I was just fully disinterested the minute I was shut down, especially when youre talking about marketing. Thats the front, what people see immediately. And if theres no diversity I just kind of shut down. I was not interested.

Theyre still in the infantile stages in Europe, which is very interesting, because coming from Canada, were super-advanced as an industry. Its moving, its kicking and in Europe, theyre still fighting about policies. Its really cute. But at the same time, theyre a little more receptive with trying to do things right, which is something that I didnt get in Canada until recently, where you start calling out people.

Thats why I ended up going back into the cannabis industry when I went to the UK. I was like, Okay, theyre willing to listen, theyre a little bit more receptive. My ideas werent getting shot down.

In London, my leadership was all men of colour. And they put me in a position to make sure that we were diverse. They were in full support of this entirely.

I feel like Europe is just a little bit more aware of racism and discrimination, especially because the UK is obviously no stranger to racism in terms of slavery and knowing their history. But Canada fully dismisses its historical systemic racism, even though its so apparent, especially when you look at the Indigenous population here in Canada. That attitude goes into the corporate spaces as well.

Ive been applying for jobs, and every time I see the line about equity or theyre trying to see if youre a minority, I feel like theres more to it. Even within the HR departments, they need to be more diverse, because Ive looked at companies and all Ive seen is white men or white women, and theyre the ones that are looking through your applications.

For jobs I really want or when I was looking for universities, I looked at the alumnae, the current students and the professors. And even with the jobs I looked at, LinkedIn is the most useful tool ever. And honestly, I hate to be that one that person, but sometimes when I see theres no diversity, Im like, Okay, if I get a call back, Ill be astounded. And Ive not been astounded yet. I knew it.

Those are the techniques that I use, and I urge people to look, too. Make sure youre going to put yourself in a situation that you actually want to be in.

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Reckoning with race: Three Black cannabis insiders on how the industry could be more equitable - The GrowthOp

The Metaphor of War: When this pandemic is over the problems of inequality will remain – Milwaukee Independent

True to precedent, the enemy was unknown to most Americans mere weeks before the conflict began. Only on February 11 did the World Health Organization name the COVID-19 virus now on everybodys figurative lips. Five weeks later, President Donald J. Trump proclaimed himself a wartime president. Soon after came the U.S. Surgeon Generals warning declaring the COVID-19 outbreak a modern Pearl Harbor moment, or a new 9/11.

Democrats, too, have rallied around the metaphor of war. As Susan E. Rice, Barack Obamas national security adviser from 2013 to 2017, wrote on April 8, Mr. Trump is correct: This is war, the most consequential since World War II. Rice expressed no confidence in Trumps fitness to prosecute what she called the viral version of World War III.

Metaphors do not just describe reality; they help create it. For years we have seen the casual employment of war language in addressing domestic social challenges: the War on Poverty, the War on Drugs, the War on Crime. In every case, the war metaphor diverted attention and resources from the activation of Americans diverse talents and energies to the concentration of power and the search for enemies.

We need a different way to name the type of partnership among self-governing citizens, and between them and their governments, that this crisisand democracy itselfdemands: a we-the-people partnership for strong, inclusive communities that must take the form of work.

The dangers of the war metaphor and war mentality in this latest crisis are by now clear. President Trumps call for shared sacrifice and devotion in the battle against COVID-19 was soon followed by the firing of administration watchdogs; suspension of environmental regulations; and attacks on reporters who ask tough questions. After asserting his total personal authority over the states in a national emergency, Trump now challenges Americans to act like warriors, sacrificing lives to reopen the economy.

Meanwhile, the xenophobes have mounted their chargers across the country. Asian Americans are targeted as carriers of the novel coronavirus. It is time to stop waging war and get back to work.

Yes, work. Work was once the master metaphor of American democracy. According to Gordon Wood, in his field-shaping work on The Creation of the American Republic, when the Founders classical ideals of virtue failed to knit the newly independent states into a unified society, Americans found new democratic adhesives in the actual behavior of plain ordinary peoplemost of whom spent most of their time and put much of their pride in working.

In the emerging nation, public goods such as schools, libraries, wells, roads, and bridges were created by groups of citizens, joining self-interests with public purpose. As David Mathews, president of the Kettering Foundation, has observed: Nineteenth-century self-rule was a sweaty, hands-on, problem-solving politics rooted in collective decision making and actingespecially acting.

Some of that collective work was devastatingly destructive, especially of Indigenous lives and cultures. But the story of constructive world-building that Mathews tells must also be recalled. Settlers on the frontier had to be producers, not just consumers. Their efforts were examples of public work, meaning work done by not just for the public.

The public-work ethos survived into the next century. A call to public work was central to pragmatist philosopher William James famous proposal for a moral equivalent of war. James envisioned a national service corps to foster the civic passion of young people, not merely to give them jobs, make them employable, or cultivate their sense of noblesse obligemuch less forge them into bellicose nationalists.

Jamess corps would open young peoples eyes to the hard and sour foundations of arrangements they took for granted, and train them not in the arts of war but the virtues of democracy: empathy, tolerance, inventiveness, cooperation, and fidelity to the nation that valued such ideals by building a commonwealtha more perfect unionto foster them.

Through the first half of the 20th century, similar public-work visions inspired consequential efforts to create that more perfect union, from the New Deals Civilian Conservation Corps to the citizenship schools of the civil rights movement. Over recent decades, however, the connection of daily work to democratic citizenship has disappeared.

When John F. Kennedy announced VISTA as a means for Americans to serve their country rather than asking it to serve them, he contrasted the idealism of service, as he saw it, with the instrumental character of work. This view, rooted in a strand of classical Greek thought that maligned labor and commerce as publicly corrupting, has never been wholly absent from American culture. Our current era, however, is notable for its ignorance of the generations of Americans who understood that a commonwealth requires creating.

Today, citizenship is most often reduced to volunteerism and voting. But there is widespread hunger in America for work that is personally rewarding and publicly meaningful. A 2018 study in the Harvard Business Review found that 9 of 10 Americans surveyed were willing to earn less money to do work that makes a contribution to society.

This is welcome news. When the virus passes, the problems of poverty, inequality, and fragile public health will remain, as will mounting challenges such as climate change. It will fall to the whole people to see that they are addressed, both through their own efforts and by insisting that governments become partners in their mission.

Anticipating this need, a group in the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention is developing a Blueprint for Community Recovery, based on a decade of experiments to boost well-being in diverse communities through citizen-empowering, citizen-driven work. They plan for wide citizen input to fashion a national vision and practical ideas for creating strong, inclusive communities, made resilient through what one key leader Bobby Milstein calls the civic muscle-building potential of residents daily activities.

Even now there is evidence that the crisis is generating a new respect for the public value of everyday work. Americans are realizing that they are surrounded by essential workers who continue cleaning corridors, stocking shelves, driving trucks, and keeping us alive and sane. But to celebrate such work as war efforts is a profound mistake.

War defines citizenship in terms of altruistic service to the collective, hiding the constant negotiation of personal and public interests that democracy requires. Wars target enemies and accrue authority to the state. They marginalize vulnerable communities and disenfranchise the people writ large. Above all, wars are waged in hopes of their ending.

Citizenship is not a task to be completed. It is continuous, difficult, often frustrating, yet inherently dignified, personally rewarding, and publicly meaningful work. In this vein, we need to decommission the war metaphor and reach instead for what Langston Hughes called Freedoms Plow:

Out of laborwhite hands and black handsCame the dream, the strength, the will,And the way to build America. America!Land created in common,Dream nourished in common,Keep your hand on the plow! Hold on!

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The Metaphor of War: When this pandemic is over the problems of inequality will remain - Milwaukee Independent

International Day Against Drug Abuse And Illicit Trafficking 2020: History, Significance of The Day – India.com

There is a growing concern over the rise in numbers of drug abusers all over the world, which is in turn leading to loss of life and crime. It is a growing nuisance in many societies, as school and college going kids, who have become addicted, now have no regard for life and would even kill to get their fix. As countries fight to raise awareness about substance abuse and unlawful drug trade, we take a look at what the International Day Against Drug Abuse And Illicit Trafficking is all about. Also Read - US Woman Gifts Her Daughter A Doll For Christmas, Stunned to Discover That It Was Stuffed With Cocaine

Drug abuse does not necessarily mean using drugs such as cocaine, hallucinogens, cannabis, sedative hypnotics and opiates, but also encompasses prescription medications such as painkillers, sleeping pills, and tranquilizers. As per the World Drug Report 2017, released by United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC), about a quarter of a billion people used drugs at least once in 2015. Also Read - Bizarre Excuse! Florida Man Caught With Cocaine Claims That Wind Blew the Drug Into His Car

The United Nations General Assembly decided to designate June 26 as International Day against Drug Abuse and Illicit Trafficking on December 1987. The chosen date is to commemorate Lin Zexus dismantling of the opium trade in Humen, Guangdong just before the First Opium War in China. Also Read - Beaches In France Closed After 1,000 Kg Of Cocaine Washes Up Along Coast

The day is used to highlight the dangers of drug abuse and bring awareness to people on how to deal with it. The UNODC has over the years been participating actively by launching campaigns to gain support for drug control. It also often teams up with other organisations to encourage people to take part in the campaigns. There have been many public rallies to promote awareness about the dangers of illicit drug use, with governments and organisations taking the lead in organising such events.

The goal of the day is to strengthen global action and cooperation towards creating a society that is free from drug abuse and unlawful drug trade.

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International Day Against Drug Abuse And Illicit Trafficking 2020: History, Significance of The Day - India.com

Looking back at the drug war | Letters To The Editor | starbeacon.com – The Star Beacon

In late 1963 I was hired as Office Manager for Raymond Intl. in So. Vietnam. The French left and the U.S.

took over and the U.S. awarded a cost plus contract to RMK-BRJ ($2 billion -- approx. $15 billion today).

There were85,000 American troops and RMK-BRJemployed 8,000 American civilians and 51,000 Vietnamese workers.The war in So. Vietnam was never declared because President Nixon vetoed thePowers Resolution which was passedby both the House of Representatives and Senate. The U.S. failed and withdrewfrom So. Vietnam10 years later.

Some of the American employees were housedat the Majestic Hotel in downtown Saigon. We had our meals

on the top floor which overlooked the river. While having dinner we witnessed U.S. planes flying over the river

area and dropping fire bombs over Vietcong troops.

Vietcong agents often visited the open area in front of the Majestic Hotel where you could eat, drink and smoke.

The Parliamentand other government offices were also there. On various occasions the Vietcong would bomb variorious buildings, killing many people inthe area.

When RMK-BRJ arrived in So. Vietnam there were no mortuaries. The bodies of soldiers killed in action were

rubbed withVics vaporub,placed in black plasticbags and stacked near the runways of Tan Son Nhut Airbase

near Saigon until they could be transported to theU.S..

Saigonwas the center for prostitution, opium, marijuana andother narcotics.Whenever soldiers had R&R, they

came to Saigon. The prostitutes welcomed them with open arms, choosing married men first. When the soldiers passed out because of drugs and liquor, they would rob them and remove theirwedding ring. If the ring would not come off, they would cut the finger off and leave.

It should be noted thatthis war should be named the Narcotics War. When they returned to the U.S., they were

not welcomed. It took years for Congress to approve various financial, medical and other benefitsthat were normally given to veterans.Being unwanted, unemployed, having no medical benefitsand suffering from mental and psychological ailments,the veterans turned to various narcotics for relief.This was the time when our soldiers began

the use of drugs to ease the stress of the battles they endured. In the meantime drugs abounded throughout the U.S. andelsewhere.

President Trump and the present administration are having many problems.

What have they learned from our pastmistakes?

Are you voting?If not, you cannot complain about the results.

SaadAssad

Ashtabula

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Looking back at the drug war | Letters To The Editor | starbeacon.com - The Star Beacon

Presidents and fathers: Fighting our battles, together | TheHill – The Hill

Memorial Day had us reflecting on all of those brave men and women who have laid down their lives for this country. Neither of our fathers lost their lives in war, but each of our fathers did heed the call to fight in World War II one in the European Theater, participating in the liberating invasion of Normandy, and the other in the Pacific Theatre, fighting in the sweltering jungles of New Guinea. While both survived the horrors of war, they each, in their own way, carried the war home with them.

In our fathers era, mobilization extended well beyond the troops being deployed overseas. Their loved ones, and all Americans on the home front, were called upon to make hard sacrifices that they, in turn, viewed as their personal contributions to the war effort. There was a true sense that their sacrifices were for the common good. In his 21st Fireside Chat on April 28, 1942, President Franklin D. Roosevelt spoke of the status of the many battlefields. Then he added:

But there is one front and one battle where everyone in the United States every man, woman, and child is in action, and will be privileged to remain in action throughout this war. That front is right here at home, in our daily lives, in our daily tasks. Here at home everyone will have the privilege of making whatever self-denial is necessary, not only to supply our fighting men, but to keep the economic structure of our country fortified and secure during the war and after the war.

This will require, of course, the abandonment not only of luxuries but of many other creature comforts.

Every loyal American is aware of his individual responsibility. Whenever I hear anyone saying, The American people are complacent they need to be aroused, I feel like asking him to come to Washington to read the mail that floods into the White House and into all departments of this Government. The one question that recurs through all these thousands of letters and messages is, What more can I do to help my country in winning this war?

Americans truly were in that fight together. And there is much for which we can be proud.

This country has been involved in many wars since WWII, not all fought on a battleground. We also have risen to the ongoing challenges of fighting wars on drugs, on poverty, and on racism. Several weeks after claiming that todays coronavirus would just disappear, our president declared COVID-19 to be our big war and, in his own words, viewed himself as a wartime president. Yet, rather than immediately rallying the nation as a whole, our president was tweeting that The Fake News Media and their partner, the Democrat Party, is doing everything within its semi-considerable power to inflame the Coronavirus situation.

One of our fathers lost a father to the Spanish Influenza when he was an infant; one of our fathers lost a man who would have become his brother-in-law, if he had survived that same pandemic. So the behavior of our nation during todays presidentially-declared war on disease hits very close to home.

As Chris Lu, senior fellow at the Miller Center, has said, one of any presidents most important functions is as comforter in chief, and great presidents in the past have been distinguished by their ability to set aside partisanship in times of tragedy to speak words that comfort a nation and remind us that, despite our differences, we are all, in the end, Americans.

We need our president to bring us together to understand the sacrifices we must make so that we dont endure a brutal second wave of this disease, as happened in 1918.

We need to be appalled that we have a president who is encouraging protests of his administrations own guidelines so that people are not inconvenienced by this war. We need to put a halt to the sense of entitlement and, indeed, of ageism so that we may all live through this and face the fight together, as one American people.

We should harken back to what President Roosevelt, the seminal leader of our fathers generation, so famously said: This great Nation will endure as it has endured, will revive and will prosper. So, first of all, let me assert my firm belief that the only thing we have to fear is fear itself.

On behalf of our fathers, we certainly hope that is true.

Gregory F. Treverton chaired the U.S. National Intelligence Council from 2014 to January 2017. He is now professor of the Practice of International Relations and Spatial Sciences at the University of Southern California and chairman of the Global TechnoPolitics Forum. He is the author of numerous books including Dividing Divided States (2014), National Intelligence and Science: Beyond the Great Divide in Analysis and Policy (2015) and Intelligence for an Age of Terror (2011).

Karen Treverton is former Special Assistant to the President of RAND, and manager of the RAND Terrorism Database.

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Presidents and fathers: Fighting our battles, together | TheHill - The Hill

Blacks in the US targeted by an unfair justice system – DW (English)

One call that has been growing ever louder during the Black Lives Matterdemonstrations in the United States after the police killingof George Floyd is "Defund the police." This slogan can be read on banners from Washington to Los Angeles, and activists say that action finally has to be taken to curb police violence against African Americans and other minorities. Some large cities have already responded, announcing that they will completely restructure their police forces and/or reduce their budgets.

But another aspect of life in the US that impacts just as much on Black people as police violence is receiving far less media attention:The country's justice system also discriminates against people with darker skins. In the early 2010, statistics made the rounds that one out of three Black men would spend some time in prison, compared with one out of 17 white men.

This figure is disputed. But in May, the renowned Pew Research Center published statistics that speak for themselves.In 2018, Black people made up 12% of the US adult population but accounted for 33% of people serving a prison sentence, while white peoplemade up 63% of the US adult population, yet just 30% of prison inmates. These figures are drawn from reports by the Bureau of Justice Statistics, the statistics agency of the US Department of Justice. Certain age groups are particularly prominent: in 2018, one out of about 21 Black men aged between 35 and 39 was in prison, according to the Pew Research Center.

Protests against police racism have been taking place across the US since the killing of George Floyd

This inequality seems to be gradually changing for the better. According to a report by the think tank Council on Criminal Justice, the difference between the number of imprisoned Black people and white peoplefell considerably between 2000 and 2016.In 2000, the ratio of Black people to white people in state prisons was still more than 8-to-1, whereas in 2016 it was around 5-to-1.

History of injustices

That is, of course, still a large disparity. And it has to do with the fact that the US, whose jails hold more than 2.2 million people, or 22% of the world's prison population, has a long history of racism in its prison system.

The 2016 documentary film 13thby director Ava DuVernay shows how the 13th Amendment was abused after slaves were liberated following the American Civil War. The amendment states that slavery and forced labor are forbidden in the US "except as a punishment for crime." Wealthy white people had lost their labor force in one fell swoop, but had their ways of remedying the situation: In the years after the Civil War, African Americans were arrested for trivial offenses and had to do hard labor as part of their prison sentence.

Then, in the 1970s, President Richard Nixon announced the "war on drugs." This campaign against drug-related crime hit the Black community hard and that was the whole point. In 13th,the former Nixon adviser John Ehrlichmancould be heard referring toAfrican Americans as being among the "enemies" of the Nixon government. He said that while it was not possible to make it illegal to be Black, it was possible to get the public to associate Black peoplewith heroin. This meant that "we could arrest their leaders, raid their homes, break up their meetings, and vilify them night after night on the evening news."

"Mandatory minimums" were also introduced. These meant that long prison sentences could be imposed for minor possession of drugs. For drugs like crack, which was generally less expensive than cocaineandmore often found in the possession of Black people, these mandatory punishments were much longer and handed down for smaller amounts than in the case of drugs like cocaine, which was generally more expensive and more often found in the possession of white people. The "mandatory minimums" leave judges with more or less no discretionary power; even if they would like to give the person involved a second chance, they have to hand down decadeslong jail sentences.

Poverty is also punished via the bail bond system. A person charged with a crime whocannot afford bail is requiredto stay in jail until their trial takes place often for months or even years. Here, African Americans are also disproportionately affected.

Democratic candidate Cori Bush, seen here standing where Michael Brown was killed, wants more help for communities

Preventing criminalization

Problems with the US justice system go back a long way, but the "Defund the police" activists are not letting themselves be deterred. Cori Bush, a Democrat running for Congress in the state of Missouri, told DW that"instead of us spending so much money on tear gas in our police departments, instead of spending all of this money on military-grade weapons and military-grade gear and vehicles," cities should invest in schools, health care and job training programs.

Bush wants to win a seat in the electoral district of Missouri where Ferguson is situated the city where the Black Lives Matter movement first rose to national prominence in 2014 after the Black teenager Michael Brown was shot dead by a white policeman.

Diverting money from police budgets to community aid would have direct effects in bringing down the incarceration rate among African Americans, according to Bush. "I've been in a place where I didn't know where my next meal was coming from. I made sure my children ate but I didn't know what I was going to eat," Bush said, pointing out that such situations had a negative mental impact on people. She is certain that if there were less poverty, fewer young people without future prospects and fewer hungry children, not as many people would end up in prison.

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A previous version of this article misspelled the name ofNixon adviser John Ehrlichman.The department apologizes for the error.

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Blacks in the US targeted by an unfair justice system - DW (English)

What Defund the Police really means: replacing social control with investment – The Guardian

Some societies center on social control, others on social investment.

Social-control societies put substantial resources into police, prisons, surveillance, immigration enforcement and the military. Their purpose is to utilize fear, punishment and violence, to maintain what they consider order.

Social-investment societies put more resources into healthcare, education, affordable housing, jobless benefits and children. Their purpose is to free people from the risks and anxieties of daily life and give everyone a fair shot at making it.

Donald Trump epitomizes the former. He calls himself the law and order president. He even wants to sic the military on Americans protesting against police brutality.

Trump is really the culmination of 40 years of increasing social control in the US and decreasing social investment.

The United States began as a control society. Slavery depended on the harshest conceivable controls

Spending on policing in the US has almost tripled, from $42.3bn in 1977 to $114.5bn in 2017.

America now locks away 2.2 million people. Thats a 500% increase from 40 years ago. The US has the largest incarcerated population in the world.

Immigration and Customs Enforcement has exploded. More people are now in Ice detention than ever in its history.

Total military spending has soared from $437bn in 2003 to $935.8bn this fiscal year.

The more societies spend on social controls, the less they have left for social investment. More police mean fewer social services. This year, American taxpayers will spend $107.5bn more on police than on public housing.

More prisons mean fewer dollars for education. In fact, America is now spending more money on prisons than on public schools. Fifteen states now spend $27,000 more per prisoner than they do per student.

As spending on controls has increased, spending on public assistance has shrunk. Fewer people are receiving food stamps. Outlays for public health have declined.

America cant even seem to find money to extend unemployment benefits during this pandemic.

Such cause-and-effect works the other way, too. As societies skimp on social investment, they turn to social controls to contain the anger and desperation of people who are marginalized and excluded.

The United States began as a control society. Slavery Americas original sin depended on the harshest conceivable controls. Jim Crow wasnt much better.

But in the decades following the second world war, the nation began inching toward social investment.

In 1954, the supreme court barred segregated schools and began investing in better education for all children. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 and Fair Housing Act of 1968 advanced equal opportunity. The Voting Rights Act of 1965 moved America toward more equal political rights.

Throughout these years, spending on healthcare and public assistance expanded and poverty diminished. The middle class burgeoned and inequality declined.

Then a backlash set in. America swung backward from social investment to social control.

Social controls are not sustainable. They require more and more oppressive means of containing people

Richard Nixon declared a war on drugs that criminalized possession of illicit drugs for personal use. Since then, four times as many people have been arrested for possessing drugs as for selling them, and half of those arrested for possession have been charged with possessing marijuana for their own use.

Bill Clintons Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994 put 88,000 additional police on the streets and mandated life sentences for criminals convicted of a felony after two or more prior convictions, including drug crimes. This so-called three strikes, youre out law was replicated by many states. Clinton also abolished welfare.

Why did America swing so sharply backward toward social control?

Part of the answer has to do with widening inequality. As the middle class collapsed and the ranks of the poor grew, those in power viewed social controls as cheaper than social investment, which would require additional taxes and massive redistribution.

Meanwhile, politicians used racism from Nixons law and order and Ronald Reagans welfare queens to Donald Trumps more overt racist memes to deflect the anxieties of an increasingly overwhelmed white working class.

But as weve witnessed over the last weeks of protests and demonstrations, social controls are not sustainable. They require more and more oppressive means of containing people who stand up against oppression.

In any event, the core of Americas identity is not the whiteness of our skin or the uniformity of our ethnicity. It is the ideals we share, however imperfectly achieved.

Moving toward those ideals requires that we relinquish social control and renew our commitment to social investment. For starters, defund the police and invest in our communities.

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What Defund the Police really means: replacing social control with investment - The Guardian

Human genetics – Wikipedia

Human genetics is the study of inheritance as it occurs in human beings. Human genetics encompasses a variety of overlapping fields including: classical genetics, cytogenetics, molecular genetics, biochemical genetics, genomics, population genetics, developmental genetics, clinical genetics, and genetic counseling.

Genes are the common factor of the qualities of most human-inherited traits. Study of human genetics can answer questions about human nature, can help understand diseases and the development of effective disease treatment, and help us to understand the genetics of human life. This article describes only basic features of human genetics; for the genetics of disorders please see: medical genetics.

Inheritance of traits for humans are based upon Gregor Mendel's model of inheritance. Mendel deduced that inheritance depends upon discrete units of inheritance, called factors or genes.[1]

Autosomal traits are associated with a single gene on an autosome (non-sex chromosome)they are called "dominant" because a single copyinherited from either parentis enough to cause this trait to appear. This often means that one of the parents must also have the same trait, unless it has arisen due to an unlikely new mutation. Examples of autosomal dominant traits and disorders are Huntington's disease and achondroplasia.

Autosomal recessive traits is one pattern of inheritance for a trait, disease, or disorder to be passed on through families. For a recessive trait or disease to be displayed two copies of the trait or disorder needs to be presented. The trait or gene will be located on a non-sex chromosome. Because it takes two copies of a trait to display a trait, many people can unknowingly be carriers of a disease. From an evolutionary perspective, a recessive disease or trait can remain hidden for several generations before displaying the phenotype. Examples of autosomal recessive disorders are albinism, cystic fibrosis.

X-linked genes are found on the sex X chromosome. X-linked genes just like autosomal genes have both dominant and recessive types. Recessive X-linked disorders are rarely seen in females and usually only affect males. This is because males inherit their X chromosome and all X-linked genes will be inherited from the maternal side. Fathers only pass on their Y chromosome to their sons, so no X-linked traits will be inherited from father to son. Men cannot be carriers for recessive X linked traits, as they only have one X chromosome, so any X linked trait inherited from the mother will show up.

Females express X-linked disorders when they are homozygous for the disorder and become carriers when they are heterozygous. X-linked dominant inheritance will show the same phenotype as a heterozygote and homozygote. Just like X-linked inheritance, there will be a lack of male-to-male inheritance, which makes it distinguishable from autosomal traits. One example of an X-linked trait is CoffinLowry syndrome, which is caused by a mutation in ribosomal protein gene. This mutation results in skeletal, craniofacial abnormalities, mental retardation, and short stature.

X chromosomes in females undergo a process known as X inactivation. X inactivation is when one of the two X chromosomes in females is almost completely inactivated. It is important that this process occurs otherwise a woman would produce twice the amount of normal X chromosome proteins. The mechanism for X inactivation will occur during the embryonic stage. For people with disorders like trisomy X, where the genotype has three X chromosomes, X-inactivation will inactivate all X chromosomes until there is only one X chromosome active. Males with Klinefelter syndrome, who have an extra X chromosome, will also undergo X inactivation to have only one completely active X chromosome.

Y-linked inheritance occurs when a gene, trait, or disorder is transferred through the Y chromosome. Since Y chromosomes can only be found in males, Y linked traits are only passed on from father to son. The testis determining factor, which is located on the Y chromosome, determines the maleness of individuals. Besides the maleness inherited in the Y-chromosome there are no other found Y-linked characteristics.

A pedigree is a diagram showing the ancestral relationships and transmission of genetic traits over several generations in a family. Square symbols are almost always used to represent males, whilst circles are used for females. Pedigrees are used to help detect many different genetic diseases. A pedigree can also be used to help determine the chances for a parent to produce an offspring with a specific trait.

Four different traits can be identified by pedigree chart analysis: autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, x-linked, or y-linked. Partial penetrance can be shown and calculated from pedigrees. Penetrance is the percentage expressed frequency with which individuals of a given genotype manifest at least some degree of a specific mutant phenotype associated with a trait.

Inbreeding, or mating between closely related organisms, can clearly be seen on pedigree charts. Pedigree charts of royal families often have a high degree of inbreeding, because it was customary and preferable for royalty to marry another member of royalty. Genetic counselors commonly use pedigrees to help couples determine if the parents will be able to produce healthy children.

A karyotype is a very useful tool in cytogenetics. A karyotype is picture of all the chromosomes in the metaphase stage arranged according to length and centromere position. A karyotype can also be useful in clinical genetics, due to its ability to diagnose genetic disorders. On a normal karyotype, aneuploidy can be detected by clearly being able to observe any missing or extra chromosomes.[1]

Giemsa banding, g-banding, of the karyotype can be used to detect deletions, insertions, duplications, inversions, and translocations. G-banding will stain the chromosomes with light and dark bands unique to each chromosome. A FISH, fluorescent in situ hybridization, can be used to observe deletions, insertions, and translocations. FISH uses fluorescent probes to bind to specific sequences of the chromosomes that will cause the chromosomes to fluoresce a unique color.[1]

Genomics is the field of genetics concerned with structural and functional studies of the genome.[1] A genome is all the DNA contained within an organism or a cell including nuclear and mitochondrial DNA. The human genome is the total collection of genes in a human being contained in the human chromosome, composed of over three billion nucleotides.[2] In April 2003, the Human Genome Project was able to sequence all the DNA in the human genome, and to discover that the human genome was composed of around 20,000 protein coding genes.

Medical genetics is the branch of medicine that involves the diagnosis and management of hereditary disorders. Medical genetics is the application of genetics to medical care. It overlaps human genetics, for example, research on the causes and inheritance of genetic disorders would be considered within both human genetics and medical genetics, while the diagnosis, management, and counseling of individuals with genetic disorders would be considered part of medical genetics.

Population genetics is the branch of evolutionary biology responsible for investigating processes that cause changes in allele and genotype frequencies in populations based upon Mendelian inheritance.[3] Four different forces can influence the frequencies: natural selection, mutation, gene flow (migration), and genetic drift. A population can be defined as a group of interbreeding individuals and their offspring. For human genetics the populations will consist only of the human species. The HardyWeinberg principle is a widely used principle to determine allelic and genotype frequencies.

In addition to nuclear DNA, humans (like almost all eukaryotes) have mitochondrial DNA. Mitochondria, the "power houses" of a cell, have their own DNA. Mitochondria are inherited from one's mother, and their DNA is frequently used to trace maternal lines of descent (see mitochondrial Eve). Mitochondrial DNA is only 16kb in length and encodes for 62 genes.

The XY sex-determination system is the sex-determination system found in humans, most other mammals, some insects (Drosophila), and some plants (Ginkgo). In this system, the sex of an individual is determined by a pair of sex chromosomes (gonosomes). Females have two of the same kind of sex chromosome (XX), and are called the homogametic sex. Males have two distinct sex chromosomes (XY), and are called the heterogametic sex.

Sex linkage is the phenotypic expression of an allele related to the chromosomal sex of the individual. This mode of inheritance is in contrast to the inheritance of traits on autosomal chromosomes, where both sexes have the same probability of inheritance. Since humans have many more genes on the X than the Y, there are many more X-linked traits than Y-linked traits.However, females carry two or more copies of the X chromosome, resulting in a potentially toxic dose of X-linked genes.[4]

To correct this imbalance, mammalian females have evolved a unique mechanism of dosage compensation. In particular, by way of the process called X-chromosome inactivation (XCI), female mammals transcriptionally silence one of their two Xs in a complex and highly coordinated manner.[4]

GeneticChromosomal

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Human genetics - Wikipedia

Genetic Mutations as a Tool To Predict Lifespan and Fertility – Technology Networks

Differences in the rate that genetic mutations accumulate in healthy young adults could help predict remaining lifespan in both sexes and the remaining years of fertility in women, according to University of Utah Health scientists. Their study, believed to be the first of its kind, found that young adults who acquired fewer mutations over time lived about five years longer than those who acquired them more rapidly.The researchers say the discovery could eventually lead to the development of interventions to slow the aging process.

If the results from this small study are validated by other independent research, it would have tremendous implications, says Lynn B. Jorde, Ph.D., chair of the Department of Human Genetics at U of U Health and a co-author of the study. It would mean that we could possibly find ways to fix ourselves and live longer and better lives.

"Young adults who acquired fewer mutations over time lived about five years longer than those who acquired them more rapidly."

Scientists have long known that DNA damage constantly occurs in the body. Typically, various mechanisms repair this damage and prevent potentially harmful mutations, according to lead and corresponding author Richard Cawthon, M.D., Ph.D., a U of U Health research associate professor of human genetics.

As we get older, these mechanisms become less efficient and more mutations accumulate. Older parents, for instance, tend to pass on more genetic mutations through their germline (egg and sperm) to their children than younger parents.

However, Cawthon and colleagues theorized that these mutations could be a biomarker for rates of aging and potentially predict lifespan in younger individuals as well as fertility in women.

The researchers sequenced DNA from 61 men and 61 women who were grandparents in 41 three-generational families. The families were part of the Centre d'Etude du Polymorphisme Humain (CEPH) consortium, which was central to many key investigations that have contributed toward a modern understanding of human genetics.

The researchers analyzed blood DNA sequences in trios consisting of pairs of grandparents from the first generation and one of their children from the second generation. Thats because germline mutations are passed on to their offspring. Mutations found in the childs blood DNA that were not present in either parents blood DNA were then inferred to have originated in the parents germlines. The researchers were then able to determine which parent each germline mutation came from, and, therefore, the number of such mutations each parent had accumulated in egg or sperm by the time of conception of the child.

Knowing that allowed the researchers to compare each first-generation parent to others of the same sex and estimate their rate of aging.

So, compared to a 32-year-old man with 75 mutations, we would expect a 40-year-old with the same number of mutations to be aging more slowly, Cawthon says. Wed expect him to die at an older age than the age at which the 32-year-old dies.

The scientists found that mutations began to occur at an accelerating rate during or soon after puberty, suggesting that aging begins in our teens.

Some young adults acquired mutations at up to three times the rate of others. After adjusting for age, the researchers determined that individuals with the slowest rates of mutation accumulation were likely to live about five years longer than those who accumulated mutations more rapidly. This is a difference comparable to the effects of smoking or lack of physical activity, Cawthon says.

Women with the highest mutation rates had significantly fewer live births than other women and were more likely to be younger when they gave birth to their last child. This suggests that the high rate of mutation was affecting their fertility.

The ability to determine when aging starts, how long women can stay fertile, and how long people can live is an exciting possibility, Cawthon says. If we can get to a point where we better understand what sort of developmental biology affecting mutation rates is happening during puberty, then we should be able to develop medical interventions to restore DNA repair and other homeostatic mechanisms back to what they were before puberty. If we could do that, its possible people could live and stay healthy much longer.ReferenceCawthon et al. (2020). Germline Mutation Rates in Young Adults Predict Longevity and Reproductive Lifespan. Scientific Reports. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-66867-0

This article has been republished from the following materials. Note: material may have been edited for length and content. For further information, please contact the cited source.

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Genetic Mutations as a Tool To Predict Lifespan and Fertility - Technology Networks

China Is Collecting DNA From Tens of Millions of Men and Boys, Using U.S. Equipment – The New York Times

The impetus for the campaign can be traced back to a crime spree in the northern Chinese region of Inner Mongolia. For nearly three decades, the police there investigated the rapes and murders of 11 women and girls, one as young as 8. They collected 230,000 fingerprints and sifted through more than 100,000 DNA samples. They offered a $28,000 reward.

Then, in 2016, they arrested a man on unrelated bribery charges, according to the state news media. Analyzing his genes, they found he was related to a person who had left his DNA at the site of the 2005 killing of one of the women. That person, Gao Chengyong, confessed to the crimes and was later executed.

Mr. Gaos capture spurred the state media to call for the creation of a national database of male DNA. The police in Henan Province showed it was possible, after amassing samples from 5.3 million men, or roughly 10 percent of the provinces male population, between 2014 and 2016. In November 2017, the Ministry of Public Security, which controls the police, unveiled plans for a national database.

China already holds the worlds largest trove of genetic material, totaling 80 million profiles, according to state media. But earlier DNA gathering efforts were often more focused. Officials targeted criminal suspects or groups they considered potentially destabilizing, like migrant workers in certain neighborhoods. The police have also gathered DNA from ethnic minority groups like the Uighurs as a way to tighten the Communist Partys control over them.

The effort to compile a national male database broadens those efforts, said Emile Dirks, an author of the report from the Australian institute and a Ph.D. candidate in the department of political science at the University of Toronto. We are seeing the expansion of those models to the rest of China in an aggressive way that I dont think weve seen before, Mr. Dirks said.

In the report released by the Australian institute, it estimated that the authorities aimed to collect DNA samples from 35 million to 70 million men and boys, or roughly 5 percent to 10 percent of Chinas male population. They do not need to sample every male, because one persons DNA sample can unlock the genetic identity of male relatives.

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China Is Collecting DNA From Tens of Millions of Men and Boys, Using U.S. Equipment - The New York Times

Human Genetics Market Analysis with Key Players, Applications, Trends and Forecasts to 2026 – Farmers Ledger

The Human Genetics market report Added by Market Study Report, LLC, enumerates information about the industry in terms of market share, market size, revenue forecasts, and regional outlook. The report further illustrates competitive insights of key players in the business vertical followed by an overview of their diverse portfolios and growth strategies.

The research report on Human Genetics market offers a thorough analysis of this industry vertical, while evaluating all the segments of the market. The study provides significant information concerning the key industry players and their respective gross earnings. Additionally, crucial insights regarding the geographical landscape as well as the competitive spectrum are entailed.

Request a sample Report of Human Genetics Market at:https://www.marketstudyreport.com/request-a-sample/2468209?utm_source=farmersledger&utm_medium=RV

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This report considers the below mentioned key questions:

Q.1. What are some of the most favorable, high-growth prospects for the global Human Genetics market?

Q.2. Which products segments will grow at a faster rate throughout the forecast period and why?

Q.3. Which geography will grow at a faster rate and why?

Q.4. What are the major factors impacting market prospects? What are the driving factors, restraints, and challenges in this Human Genetics market?

Q.5. What are the challenges and competitive threats to the market?

Q.6. What are the evolving trends in this Human Genetics market and reasons behind their emergence?

Q.7. What are some of the changing customer demands in the Human Genetics Industry market?

Table of Contents:

Executive Summary: It includes key trends of the Human Genetics market related to products, applications, and other crucial factors. It also provides analysis of the competitive landscape and CAGR and market size of the Human Genetics market based on production and revenue.

Production and Consumption by Region: It covers all regional markets to which the research study relates. Prices and key players in addition to production and consumption in each regional market are discussed.

Key Players: Here, the report throws light on financial ratios, pricing structure, production cost, gross profit, sales volume, revenue, and gross margin of leading and prominent companies competing in the Human Genetics market.

Market Segments: This part of the report discusses about product type and application segments of the Human Genetics market based on market share, CAGR, market size, and various other factors.

Research Methodology: This section discusses about the research methodology and approach used to prepare the report. It covers data triangulation, market breakdown, market size estimation, and research design and/or programs.

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Human Genetics Market Analysis with Key Players, Applications, Trends and Forecasts to 2026 - Farmers Ledger

Researchers identify environmental components that affect gene expression in cardiovascular disease – The South End

A research team led by Francesca Luca, Ph.D., and Roger Pique-Regi, Ph.D., both associate professors of the Wayne State University Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, and of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, has published a study that annotated environmental components that can increase or decrease disease risk through changes in gene expression in 43 genes that could exacerbate or buffer the genetic risk for cardiovascular disease.

The results of the study, whose first authors are Anthony Findley, an M.D./Ph.D. student, and Allison Richards, Ph.D., a research scientist, highlight the importance of evaluating genetic risk in the context of gene-environment interactions to improve precision medicine.

Interpreting Coronary Artery Disease Risk Through GeneEnvironment Interactions in Gene Regulation was published in Genetics, the journal of the Genetics Society of America.

The study, said Dr. Luca, illustrates that combining genome-wide molecular data with large-scale population-based studies is a powerful approach to investigate how genes and the environment interact to influence risk of cardiovascular disease.

By identifying regions of DNA important for endothelial cell response to different common environmental exposures, the researchers discovered that caffeine can influence the risk of cardiovascular disease. The study demonstrates the potentially beneficial and/or detrimental effects of certain environmental exposures on the cardiovascular disease risk differ depending on individual DNA sequence.

The study focused on cardiovascular disease, the research team said, because it is the leading cause of death, both in the United States and worldwide. Also, the disease is highly multifactorial, with large contributions from both environmental and genetic risk factors. By treating endothelial cells under a controlled environment, we can discover how these genetic and environmental risk factors influence each other at the molecular level, she said. Our lab has developed expertise in cardiovascular research, with additional projects using endothelial cells to develop new assays to test the regulatory activity of genetic variants. The approach outlined in this paper can be applied to many different diseases; for example, our lab has also focused on how bacteria in the human gut affect gene expression in the colon, and also on the effect of psychosocial stress on asthma.

While the work identified regions of the genome important for how endothelial cells respond to the environment and can influence the risk of cardiovascular disease, the researchers do not yet know exactly which genetic variants are directly responsible. A former graduate student, Cynthia Kalita, developed an assay to test thousands of genetic variants for gene regulatory activity. The researchers can test the variants discovered in their study using that assay to validate and explore the mechanisms by which they exert their effects, Dr. Luca said. They also are developing computational/statistical methods that can yield better personalized risk scores.

We have extended our approach to study cardiomyocytes, which are the muscle cells of the heart. Healthy heart tissue is difficult to obtain, so we have collaborated with researchers at the University of Chicago to derive cardiomyocytes from stem cells, Dr. Luca said. This will allow us to shift our focus from the vasculature to the heart itself, where we can study diseases like cardiomyopathies and arrhythmias.

As the cost of DNA sequencing continues to decrease, the research teamexpects that genetic testing will play a greater role in preventive health care. To fully realize the potential of precision medicine, we need to consider both genetic and environmental risk factors of disease, and how they interact. While there are already direct-to-consumer tests that prescribe an individualized diet based on DNA, these products currently offer no demonstrated clinical value. However, with very large numbers of individuals for whom we have both DNA sequencing and information on diet and lifestyle, we may one day be able to offer better recommendations.

Other members of the research team include Cristiano Petrini, of the Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics; Adnan Alazizi, lab manager; Elizabeth Doman, of the Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics; Alexander Shanku, Ph.D., research scientist; Gordon Davis, of the Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics; Nancy Hauff, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Yoram Sorokin, M.D., professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology; and Xiaoquan Wen, of the Department of Biostatistics at the University of Michigan.

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Researchers identify environmental components that affect gene expression in cardiovascular disease - The South End

China collects DNA from millions of men and boys – BioNews

22 June 2020

Chinese authorities are collecting blood samples from across the country to build a genetic map of its roughly 700 million males.

A new Australian Strategic Policy Institute (ASPI) reportdescribes how Chinese law enforcement has been collecting samples to build a DNA databaseto track a man's male relatives using only his blood, saliva or other genetic material.

Thereport states: 'A police-run Y-STR database containing biometric samples and detailed multigenerational genealogies from all of China's patrilineal families is likely to increase state repression against the family members of dissidents and further undermine the civil and human rights of dissidents and minority communities.'

The Chinese Ministry of Public Security allowed the expansion of genetic collection in 2017 from all males in the population, irrespective of criminal records, in at least 22 of the 31 administrative regions of China.

The police argue that the database is key for controllingcriminal activity, and that all genetic donors fully consent to the data collection. However, Chinese nationals have suggested that the collection is being done involuntarily as they do not have the right to refuse under an authoritarian state.

According to the New York Times, Jiang Haolin, a computer engineer from a rural county in northern China, donated a blood sample after being told by authorities that if he did not comply his household would be blacklisted and could losethe right to travel and accessto hospital treatments.

Theproject is a continuation of China's efforts to use genetics to control its people, which had been focused on tracking ethnic minorities and other, more targeted groups. It adds to the surveillance methods police are deploying across the country including advanced cameras, facial recognition systems and artificial intelligence.

Human rights groups have actively condemned these developments. Concerned that individuals have no control over how their genetic information is used and where it is stored, they argue that the database violates China's own laws and human rights codes.

'The ability of the authorities to discover who is most intimately related to whom, given the context of the punishment of entire families as a result of one person's activism, is going to have a chilling effect on society as a whole,'Maya Wang, a China researcher for Human Rights Watch told the New York Times.

Meanwhile, Massachusetts-basedfirm Thermo Fisher, has come under fire from US lawmakers for selling Chinathe custom-tailored DNA kits for its data collection scheme, in a deal estimated to be worth over 23 billion dollars.

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China collects DNA from millions of men and boys - BioNews

Exposure and engagement with tobacco-related social media and associations with subsequent tobacco use among young adults: A longitudinal analysis. -…

This study examines whether self-reported exposure to cigarette, e-cigarette, cigar, and hookah advertising, and engagement with pro-tobacco and anti-tobacco social media, are associated with past 30-day tobacco use one-year later, among young adults.Data were from two waves of the Marketing and Promotions Across Colleges in Texas study, a multi-wave study of two- and four-year Texas college students (N = 3947; M age = 23.3, SD = 2.3; 64% female; 35% white, 31% Hispanic, 19% Asian, 8% African-American/black, 7% multi-racial/other) from 24 urban-area schools. Multiple logistic regression examined longitudinal associations between recall of exposure and engagement at baseline (wave 6, spring 2017) and tobacco use at one-year follow-up (wave 7, spring 2018), accounting for baseline demographic characteristics and tobacco use.Self-reported exposure to and engagement with tobacco-related social media were significantly associated with past 30-day use of e-cigarettes, cigars, and hookah at one-year follow up; engagement was also associated with cigarette use. Controlling for other social media, exposure to any product advertising via Reddit increased risk for e-cigarette use (AOR = 1.92 [95% CI: 1.17-3.14]). Pinterest exposure increased risk for cigar use (2.92 [1.24-6.85]). Snapchat exposure increased risk for hookah use (2.94 [1.70-5.11]). Pro-tobacco engagement increased risk for future use of all products (1.77 [1.29-2.42]). Anti-tobacco engagement increased risk for use of cigars (1.59 [1.12-2.27]) and hookah (1.69 [1.27-2.25]).Findings demonstrate that encountering tobacco-related social media is an important risk factor for future tobacco use among young people. Social media should be a focus of federal regulation, counter-marketing and health communication campaigns, and intervention.Published by Elsevier B.V.

PubMed

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Exposure and engagement with tobacco-related social media and associations with subsequent tobacco use among young adults: A longitudinal analysis. -...

COVID-19 Test Samples: Why Do We Swab Instead of Spit? – The Wire

A medical team collects swabs from police personnel and their family members for COVID-19 tests in Borivali, Mumbai, April 7, 2020. Photo: PTI.

One patient fainted after seeing the nasopharyngeal swab before sample collection. Another was turned back because of staff shortage. Backlog,procuring quality collection kits, and prohibitive costs are some common problems associated with collection of nasopharyngeal (NP) and oropharyngeal (OP) samples to test for the novel coronavirus.

Currently, India has almost 4 lakh COVID-19 cases, and increasing by 10,000 per day or so these days even with limited testing (since you cant discover without tests). As of today, there are 960 testing labs around India. If the government intends to keep pace with the speed with which the virus is spreading, it should consider efficient diagnostic options in addition to increasing lab capacity and other control measures.

If its feasible, state health officials should test asymptomatic and mildcases as well to help plan effective isolation measures, including reverse quarantine. A diagnostic method should be scalable locally, nationally and globally. Monitoring progress diagnostically will also aid disease research.

However, the currently used NP and OP methods dont cater to these needs.

Swabbing the nasopharynx is an invasive and almost blind procedure.An NP swab is passed along the floor of the nasal cavity up to the back wall, swirled for a few seconds then drawn out. This procedure is not always pleasant, for the patient or the health worker. If not done correctly, it can injure the person and cause bleeding. It can also elicit sneezing or coughing, generating aerosols with infectious virus particles from a positive patient, exposing the worker to a potential infection.

Likewise, the OP sample, which is collected from the back of the throat, can also induce gagging and coughing. A deviated nasal septum, tumours or nasal polyps can hamper collection.

Then there are the inconsistencies in sample collection. Some centres perform only NP, some only OP (though its less sensitive compared to NP) and some both. Changes in the time of collection also affect test performance. The procedure requires a skilled and dedicated health worker, and a guarantee that their availability wont be affected by staff shortages typical during pandemics. Otherwise, collection centres may simply cut corners or defer testing.

Many healthcare personnel change their entire PPE gear, priced at nearly Rs 1,000 apiece, between swab collections. Irrational use of PPE adds to the tons of biomedical waste being generated. On the other hand, some centres dont have sufficient funds to afford good quality and adequate PPE for frontline staff.

If swabs are not of the right type, they can increase discomfort to patients and also affect test results. For example, a cotton or calcium alginate tip interferes with the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and a flexible shaft is required to get to the nasopharynx. Although sterile saline is cheaper and accepted by WHO, viral transport medium (VTM) continues to be used widely to transport swabs. (VTM is a specific substance prepared to contain and transport samples containing viruses without damaging the viruses.) Saline and VTM have comparable efficacy in preserving viral RNA, in both refrigerated and frozen specimens, over seven days.

In India, NP and OP swabs are not sold separately without VTM. Moreover, VTM must have adequate and defined quantities of anti-fungal and antibacterial agents to prevent growth of fungi and bacteria that can interfere with a specimens integrity.

There is a global shortage of the right type of good-quality swabs and of VTM. Earlier, swabs used to be imported from the US and China. Last month, India launched Made in India brands by manufacturers in Delhi company and Mumbai. Their swabs reportedly cost less than Rs 5 apiece compared to Rs 20-30 for imported brands. In the private sector, the price of the collection kit with VTM continues to be Rs 180-200, and Rs 4,500-6,000 for one RT-PCR test (all inclusive).

Against this background, we recommend saliva or saline deep-throat lavage or gargled specimens. They have several advantages over swabbing and swab-testing.

The novel coronavirus uses ACE2 receptors, found on some cells in the body, to gain entry into the cells and hijack their resources to replicate. These receptors are found in the respiratory and cardiovascular systems, kidneys, the gastrointestinal tract, testes and in salivary glands.

When we sleep, the secretions in the upper respiratory tract flow backwards while specimens in the lower respiratory tract are drawn upwards. These two substances meet in the deep part of the throat. When you gargle, the gargling liquid can pick up viruses from this part of the throat.

A study from Guangzhou, China, published in April 2020 in the journal Clinical Infectious Diseases found that self-collected throat wash specimens could be more sensitive than NP specimens.

Viral loads from saliva specimens have also been shown to be consistent with clinical progression. A study by researchers at the Yale School of Medicine, of COVID-19 patients and health workers in COVID-19 wards, showed higher sensitivity and less result variation of saliva samples compared to NP swabs.

Obtaining saliva or gargled samples is quick, easy and safe. Some 1-2 ml of deep-throat saliva or a gargled sample with 10 ml of sterile isotonic saline needs to be spit into a sterile collection container. The collection container can be a sterile urine or sputum cup, which are already widely available, in common use and cost Rs 12-15 apiece, much lower than that of a swab kit.

Since it can be self-collected, saliva or gargled samples circumvent the need for skilled health workers at collection centres, minimising their exposure risk, and reduce PPE use.

Some patients need to undergo repeated tests, such as those whose immune systems are suppressed and those with false negative or indeterminate results. Saliva or lavage is a viable alternative in such cases, since repeated swabbing adds to the cost, workload and demand for PPE.

Tuberculosis centres already have good outreach and efficient specimen transport systems to and from Indias hinterlands. COVID-19 sample collection and transport can be modelled on the same lines.

Deep-throat saliva collection is the major sampling method used in outpatient settings and home collections in Hong Kong. Japan has also adopted saliva samples as alternatives to NP swabs. The US Food and Drug Authority has also issued an emergency use authorisation for a saliva-based test for COVID-19 developed at the Human Genetics Institute, Rutgers University, New Jersey.

Like India, many countries of the Global South are in the upward phase of this pandemic, and in desperate need of a cost-effective way to test more of their citizens. But not all of them have the capacity to manufacture swabs and/or other kit components, forcing them to depend on expensive imported kits. They also suffer from PPE and staff shortages. Overall cost reduction is one of the many advantages of saliva or wash testing. Swabs can be reserved for out-patients or for those who cant self collect or produce saliva.

Researchers should consider performing validation studies of self-collected deep throat gargle and saliva samples. These are sensitive, easy and cost-effective methods whose use can be scaled up manyfold in no time.

Dr Vasundhara Rangaswamy is a clinical microbiologist with international experience and a public health activist in Baroda.

Dr K.R. Antony is a consultant of public health, child survival and development in Kochi. He has served with UNICEF and as the director of Chhattisgarhs State Health Resource Centre, and is now an independent monitor for the National Health Mission.

The views expressed here are the authors own.

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COVID-19 Test Samples: Why Do We Swab Instead of Spit? - The Wire

Coronavirus news and updates: Does Florida’s spike in cases make it a new ‘epicenter’?; mask rules on airplanes from the FAA – USA TODAY

How does coronavirus enter the body, and why does it become fatal for some compared to just a cough or fever for others? USA TODAY

As several states start to see a surge in COVID-19 cases since reopening, Ohio has not.

Ohio has gradually lifted its stay-at-home order over the past six weeks. The result: a plateau in newly reported cases and a decline in hospitalizations, both reported and estimates of people currently hospitalized. The trend in New York is alsolookinggood right now.

Florida, meanwhile, has had a noteworthy increase. Critics are saying Gov. Ron DeSantis is letting the outbreak get out of control but he is attributing the rise to more testing among low-risk individuals. He says he wont roll back reopening efforts.

CNN takes it a step further. They talked to an expert who said the state has the makings of becoming the "next large epicenter."

By the numbers:The coronavirus isn't going away anytime soon. Confirmed cases in the United States are more than 2.1 million, according to the Johns Hopkins University dashboard. America's death toll is nearing118,000. Globally, there are more than 8.4 million confirmed cases and almost450,000 people have died.

We want to hear your stories. Tell us how the pandemic has affected your life by recording a short audio clip for the Corona Diaries project.

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FYI:Employers cannot require COVID-19 antibody testing for employees returning to work, the EEOC says, but they can require other things of you. Read more from USA TODAY's Jessica Guynn.

'Smoke and mirrors':Coronavirus infections at meatpacking plants have risen from under 5,000 cases at the end of April to more than 24,000. President Donald Trump's meatpacking order has failed to keep workers safe, a USA TODAY investigation finds.

Can HIV research help find an answer? Researchers are diving deep into human genetics, hoping to find clues that might explain why many people brush off COVID-19 without even knowing they have it, while others are hospitalized or even die from the disease. Read more.

Can dogs sniff out coronavirus? Unclear, but USA TODAY's fact check team finds a claim that researchers are looking at dogs as a possible candidate to detect the disease is indeed true.

Please call for help if you need it.Thousands of anxious, stressed, isolated and uncertain callers are flooding helplines nationwide. They are teenagers and senior citizens. They have lost jobs, homes and relatives. Some express suicidal thoughts or fears that their positive COVID-19 test is a death sentence. Others reach out in the throes of a panic attack.Read more.

Want more advice on how to cope? Sign up for USA TODAY's newsletter: Staying Apart, Together.

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Contributing: Jackie Borchardt, Cincinnati Enquirer; John Kennedy and Zac Anderson, Palm Beach Post

Read or Share this story: https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/health/2020/06/18/coronavirus-news-updates-florida-up-ohio-plateaus-masks-on-planes/3212370001/

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Coronavirus news and updates: Does Florida's spike in cases make it a new 'epicenter'?; mask rules on airplanes from the FAA - USA TODAY

The beauty of flaws – NCC Linked

Cutters make the best models.

This is what Christine Chamberland, a model since 2011, was told by a photographer. Cutters and anorexics make the best models, he said in seriousness, because they always aim to please. Little did the photographer know Chamberland suffered from an eating disorder herself.

The world of beauty and fashion is a hard one to break into, with only well-known supermodels making enough finances to live off it. Most of the time, the pay is clothes or products.

It is a world of constant criticism that often idolizes very specific body types and races. Tall, white and skinny has been the golden ratio of beauty for ages or has it?

According to some scientists, a golden ratio of beauty actually exists.

European scientists, artists and architects used what they called the golden ratio as a map for their creations during the renaissance. This ratio only takes into account facial beauty and ignores the body. Today, scientists are still trying to nail the golden ratio and figure out why some people are beautiful while others are not. According to an article on Oprah.com, the golden ratio consists of several aspects. After calculating measurements, it is possible to then determine a persons beauty on a scale of one to 10.

First, a beautiful persons face is about 1 times longer than it is wide. Second, three segments are measured for uniformity from the forehead hairline to a spot between the eyes, from between the eyes to the bottom of the nose, and from the bottom of the nose to the bottom of the chin. If the numbers are equal, a person is considered more beautiful.

Finally, the measurements of all other features determine symmetry and proportion. Perfection, in part, consists of the length of an ear being equal to the length of the nose. According to science, most people are between a four and a six. No one has ever been a perfect 10.

In a 2019 academic journal article by Daniel Yarosh titled Perception and Deception: Human Beauty and the Brain, he describes beauty from a biological standpoint, pointing out, evolutionary pressures to maximize reproductive fitness. Certain aspects of beauty, such as pronounced jawlines for men and hourglass figures for women, are clues in a mates potential to produce offspring.

A study of over 15,000 observers determined that both men and women across many cultures have very similar ideas for what is and is not attractive, this suggesting that physical attraction is, hard-wired in human genetics, likely fixed at an early stage in our evolution.

And indeed, ranking people by how beautiful they are is common. Through possible genetics and celebrity images, Americas youth are groomed as to what beauty should be. Abraham Larsen is only 11 years old. In his eyes, Scarlett Johansson, who has twice been named Esquire Magazines Sexiest Woman Alive, is the prettiest person hes ever seen. Abraham lists such specific features as eye color and mouth divot as some of Johanssons most prominent claims to beauty. He knows exactly what the one to 10 attractiveness scale is. In his opinion, most people are somewhere around a seven except for his sister, who is a one, he jokes.

Abraham thinks natural beauty is the best and thinks its best to skip the full face of makeup and just be yourself, a sentiment his older sister Mackenzie, a sophomore studying molecular biology, also recognizes.

Beauty products are not a way in which to feel beautiful because they have no real or lasting value. As soon as someone fixes their acne, theyre going to want to whiten their teeth, or color their hair, or fix something, anything.

Whats going to make you feel your best is being healthy, said Mackenzie.

I feel most beautiful when I am clean just when I get out of the shower, she laughs. No makeup, no fancy clothes. Most people feel the need to cover up imperfections because they assume they have imperfections I just dont care.

Mackenzie rarely wears makeup. She doesnt feel the need. Her usual outfit consists of a t-shirt, button-down flannel and well worn blue jeans. Im comfortable, somewhat beautiful. I dont see anything wrong with myself.

Sure, she occasionally has days where she feels more or less pretty based upon her emotions, but none of it is contingent upon wearing the perfect makeup or perfect clothes.

Concentration on flaws may not be a focus for Mackenzie, but this is perhaps the result of an extraordinarily confident young woman. For some women, flaws are all they see.

In a recent Dove Real Beauty Sketch, women described themselves to a police sketch artist. They could not see what he was drawing. The women list imperfections. They say they look tired, or that their eyes are sallow. They would talk to another woman for a period, and after went home. The other woman would describe their partner to the sketch artist, and the drawings were put up side-by-side. In the descriptions given by the women themselves, they were flat and wrinkled, with squashed noses and limp, stringy hair. But in the drawings described by strangers, the same women were beautiful. They were grinning ear to ear, with bright eyes and smooth skin.

It is nearly impossible not to be affected by the almost 5,000 daily advertisements, according to Huffington Post. Models of perfect angular proportions are supposedly normal, but many fail to realize that almost all of these images have heavy Photoshop. Even A-list celebrities fall victim to magazine and tabloid Photoshop.

It has led to a beauty industry worth $532 billion, and expected to rise more in the coming years. However, only cosmetics and personal care items, such as shampoo and deodorant, count as beauty items. Other looks-based industries, such as fashion, plastic and cosmetic surgery and even health and fitness, are all separate million to billion-dollar industries.

In an effort to make women love themselves as is, the body positive movement was born, which centers around loving all shapes and sizes. Psychologist Lisa Kaplin weighs in. Both obesity and anorexia are becoming increasingly common. And although loving yourself and feeling beautiful is important no matter the size, some have ignored certain health concerns that arise with this movement.

The message is clear: you can be fat or thin but the focus is still on how you look. The outrageous spotlight on our appearance is keeping us from living full, complex, productive and healthy lives why are we not focused on how amazing it feels to be flexible and strong, powerful and athletic versus how sexy we look at any weight? If we are highlighting appearance and not the physical and emotional strength that comes with good health, we are failing.

Chamberland has a friend who modeled for large department store catalogs who was stick thin. She was very healthy, and her skinniness was entirely genetic. People would ask why she was so skinny and if she was sick, says Chamberland. No matter what you look like, people are always going to judge.

Criticism is constant, whether verbalized by family, strangers or photographers. It is a constant for young girls who look in the mirror at 8 years old and decide to stuff their tank tops with tissues and put on lipstick in hopes of looking like an image that has been so drastically altered from the original that any replication is impossible and disappointing. It is constant for men who believe the only way they can be attractive is by spending hours a day in the gym to have a six-pack and defined shoulders.

Beauty might be measured on a scale, but confidence and self-worth are not contingent upon the same number, regardless of filters, makeup or clothes.

Beauty is someone that is living their healthiest lifestyle and is confident and comfortable in themselves, says Mackenzie.

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The beauty of flaws - NCC Linked

Study finds genetic factors that make some more susceptible to Covid-19 – Health24

Another day, and another new study shining more light on the complexities of the coronavirus.

A group of European researchers, led by the University of Kiel's professor of molecular medicine Andre Franke, publishedtheir findings regarding a link between our genes and severe respiratory failure among Covid-19 patients inThe New England Journal of Medicine.

The massive genome-wide study was conducted on 1 980 patients from hospitals in Italy and Spain the European epicentres of the disease early in the year controlled against participants without coronavirus, or those who had no or mild Covid-19 symptoms.

It also included some participants from Norway and Germany, where the coronavirus had a much less devastating effect on the population.

READ:Leave your sunglasses at home if you're venturing out during the pandemic

Two genetic factors were found to influence the severity of Covid-19-induced respiratory failure and the need to be placed on ventilators namely clusters found in the 3p21.31 and 9q34.2 chromosomes.

One of the risk alleles is also associated with the ABO-blood groups. Those with blood type A were 45% more likely to develop the disease, while O has some protective effect that makes O types only 65% as likely to the get it compared to other blood groups.

A similar finding was shared by US private genetic testing company 23andMe. Their initial findings in an ongoing study showed that type O blood tends to be 9 to 18% less likely to test positive for Covid-19. However, they did not find one blood type to be more susceptible than any other. Another study from China also found that blood type A seemed more susceptible to the coronavirus.

But when it comes to the HLA genes that monitor our immune system, the researchers found no discernible link with Covid-19.

ALSO READ:One blood type seems to be more resistant against Covid-19

This European study also confirmed that their findings are backed up by the Covid-19 Host Genetics Initiative a consortium of the world's leading genetics scientists who share information that could help better understand the coronavirus threat.

However, former president of the American Society of Haematology Dr Roy Silverstein, told CNNthese results don't mean much to the general public, where this kind of genetic variance in a population isn't that significant.

For researchers though, this could be valuable information for developing treatment and vaccines against the coronavirus.

Recently, researchers found a breakthrough Covid-19 treatment using the steroid dexamethasone that reduces mortality. And regarding the rush for a vaccine, there are currently 100 vaccines in development, with eight having reached human trials.

ALSO READ:Are people with blood type A more vulnerable to contracting the new coronavirus

Image credit: Pixabay

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Study finds genetic factors that make some more susceptible to Covid-19 - Health24

Assessment of COVID-19’s Effect on Precision Medicine Software Market 2020-2024 | Benefits of Precision Medicine to Augment Growth | Technavio -…

LONDON--(BUSINESS WIRE)--Technavio has been monitoring the precision medicine software market and it is poised to grow by USD 882.65 million during 2020-2024, progressing at a CAGR of about 11% during the forecast period. The report offers an up-to-date analysis regarding the current market scenario, latest trends and drivers, and the overall market environment.

Although the COVID-19 pandemic continues to transform the growth of various industries, the immediate impact of the outbreak is varied. While a few industries will register a drop in demand, numerous others will continue to remain unscathed and show promising growth opportunities. Technavios in-depth research has all your needs covered as our research reports include all foreseeable market scenarios, including pre- & post-COVID-19 analysis. Download a Free Sample Report

The market is fragmented, and the degree of fragmentation will accelerate during the forecast period. F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Fabric Genomics Inc., Gene42 Inc., Human Longevity Inc., International Business Machines Corp., Koninklijke Philips NV, NantHealth Inc., Roper Technologies Inc., SOPHiA GENETICS SA, and Syapse Inc. are some of the major market participants. To make the most of the opportunities, market vendors should focus more on the growth prospects in the fast-growing segments, while maintaining their positions in the slow-growing segments.

Buy 1 Technavio report and get the second for 50% off. Buy 2 Technavio reports and get the third for free.

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The benefits of precision medicine has been instrumental in driving the growth of the market.

Technavio's custom research reports offer detailed insights on the impact of COVID-19 at an industry level, a regional level, and subsequent supply chain operations. This customized report will also help clients keep up with new product launches in direct & indirect COVID-19 related markets, upcoming vaccines and pipeline analysis, and significant developments in vendor operations and government regulations. https://www.technavio.com/report/report/precision-medicine-software-market-industry-analysis

Precision Medicine Software Market 2020-2024: Segmentation

Precision Medicine Software Market is segmented as below:

To learn more about the global trends impacting the future of market research, download a free sample: https://www.technavio.com/talk-to-us?report=IRTNTR40844

Precision Medicine Software Market 2020-2024: Scope

Technavio presents a detailed picture of the market by the way of study, synthesis, and summation of data from multiple sources. The precision medicine software market report covers the following areas:

This study identifies the digitization of healthcare as one of the prime reasons driving the precision medicine software market growth during the next few years.

Technavio suggests three forecast scenarios (optimistic, probable, and pessimistic) considering the impact of COVID-19. Technavios in-depth research has direct and indirect COVID-19 impacted market research reports.Register for a free trial today and gain instant access to 17,000+ market research reports.

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Precision Medicine Software Market 2020-2024: Key Highlights

Table of Contents:

PART 01: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

PART 02: SCOPE OF THE REPORT

PART 03: MARKET LANDSCAPE

PART 04: MARKET SIZING

PART 05: FIVE FORCES ANALYSIS

PART 06: MARKET SEGMENTATION BY DELIVERY MODE

PART 07: CUSTOMER LANDSCAPE

PART 08: GEOGRAPHIC LANDSCAPE

PART 09: DECISION FRAMEWORK

PART 10: DRIVERS AND CHALLENGES

PART 11: MARKET TRENDS

PART 12: VENDOR LANDSCAPE

PART 13: VENDOR ANALYSIS

PART 14: APPENDIX

PART 15: EXPLORE TECHNAVIO

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Technavio is a leading global technology research and advisory company. Their research and analysis focus on emerging market trends and provides actionable insights to help businesses identify market opportunities and develop effective strategies to optimize their market positions. With over 500 specialized analysts, Technavios report library consists of more than 17,000 reports and counting, covering 800 technologies, spanning across 50 countries. Their client base consists of enterprises of all sizes, including more than 100 Fortune 500 companies. This growing client base relies on Technavios comprehensive coverage, extensive research, and actionable market insights to identify opportunities in existing and potential markets and assess their competitive positions within changing market scenarios.

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Assessment of COVID-19's Effect on Precision Medicine Software Market 2020-2024 | Benefits of Precision Medicine to Augment Growth | Technavio -...

Wellness Experts Discuss The Importance Of Individualizing Your Approach To Health – Forbes

There is incredible power in our daily habits. This can be a positive thingincorporating healthy habits can have a tremendous impact on our wellbeing and help us feel more focused and productive as we go about our workdayor a negativein the case of unhealthy habits that undermine our health and make it harder to function optimally.

Sometimes the bad habits or the parts of our routine that arent helping us are obvious, but other times, we need to dig deeper to understandbut how? There is a lot of information out there, but it can be hard to know what to apply to your own situation. I cant tell you how many times I have seen someone try a diet or workout routine or product that just wasnt a good fit for them, only to wind up feeling more confused about their own healthand not any better.

The foods that some people thrive on may not be a good fit for othersand health experts say that's ... [+] okay.

I interviewed several leading health and wellness experts about the importance of taking an individualized approach to wellness, practicing bio-individuality by honoring their unique needs.

Dr. Will Cole, IFMCP, DC, leading functional medicine expert and author of The Inflammation Spectrum and Ketotarian, explains, We each have our own biochemistry - a unique combination of genetics that is different than anyone else. Because of this, what affects us health wise (diet, environmental triggers) and how that plays out in your health case (symptoms, diagnoses) is going to be different from person to person. Ultimately, there is no one-size-fits-all when it comes to health.

He adds, While there are certain foods that can trigger inflammation in most people such as conventional sugar and processed foods, there are also so-called healthy foods that can trigger inflammation in one person but not another. For example, I've seen spinach be an inflammatory trigger for some peopleand most people would agree that spinach is a 'healthy' food. But for some individuals those healthy foods aren't so healthy. Dr. Cole, who guides patients through specialized elimination diets explains that going through an individualized elimination diet will help you discover your individual food triggers so you can build the healthiest diet for you.

Dietitian Maya Feller counsels patients with a wide variety of needs and tailors her recommendations to what that individual person may need. When we look at population-wide data, we know many Americans are not meeting the recommended intake for fiber, choline, magnesium, iron, calcium, vitamins A, D, E and potassium. However, each person may have specific concerns depending on their health history, diet pattern, medications, lifestyle and work schedule, just to name a few factors.

Feller, who is a partner of Life Extension, is a firm believer in working with a credentialed healthcare provider and using lab tests to assess what your individual needs are in regard to which gaps in the diet you need to fill. When someone is unable to meet their needs through food, she says, I think safe supplementation is key.

Practicing bio-individuality involves tuning in to the foods and lifestyle habits that support your ... [+] health and wellbeing.

Another area where paying attention to your unique needs is your skincare. Whether we are interacting with people in person or virtually, feeling confident in our skins health and appearance can play a role in how we present ourselves in our work life.

Dr. Kiran Mian is an aesthetic and medical dermatologist in New York City. She says, There are many factors that play into what our skin looks and feels like, including our diet, our sleeping habits, our mood and stress level, as well as our genetics. Our genetics even determine how our bodies handle these different factors. Speaking to a board certified dermatologist can help tease out the different factors affecting your skin. For example, I had a patient continuously breaking out on the left side of his face, and it turns out thats where his headset sat while he was at work. I also suggest my patients keep a food and skincare journal. Writing down what you ate, how much youve slept, and how your skin has been going during that time helps us find patterns. Its not always a direct causation, but an overall pattern were looking for.

Because social media is where so many people go for health information and inspiration, its important to consider how what we see may impact how empowered we feel to practice bio-individuality as opposed to trying to conform to standards and ideals that may not apply to us at all.

When we think about the wellness space historically, says Feller, it's been exclusive and has used white people as the barometer, asking people, regardless of where they are to blind themselves up with a white ideal. If were able to expand that space, that will make it possible for people with more diverse backgrounds from more places to be a part of that conversation...all of those people can be in the space in a way where they are seen and heard without asking them to shift to a white ideal.

Dr. Cole echoes, Health and wellness can do a better job at representing other people and giving them a chance to share their stories and showcase their wellness journey. Whether that is someone wanting to be healthy or get into the wellness field as a practitioner, the more the wellness community can practice diversity, the more we can empower everyone to take back control of their health.

Racial diversity is important so that people feel represented, seen, heard, and part of the conversation, says Dr. Mian. We are all human, and human skin under the microscope looks the same. However, all the factors that influence skin are different, based on our cultures. This is a beautiful thing that should be celebrated.

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Wellness Experts Discuss The Importance Of Individualizing Your Approach To Health - Forbes