Opinion: Stuart Waiton: Unconscious bias training threatens freedom of thought – HeraldScotland

LABOUR leader Keir Starmer has announced that he is to receive unconscious bias training after criticism of his response to Black Lives Matter. It appears to be the act of a man who takes himself seriously and takes responsibility for his actions. It is in fact the reverse. It wasnt me guv. My unconscious made me do it.

Unconscious bias training reminds me of the bogus argument about freedom of speech. Freedom of speech is a myth, goes the argument, you cant say anything you want, you cant scream FIRE in a crowded cinema.

The reason the argument is bogus is because the idea of free speech is predicated upon the understanding that we are rational beings who can think before we act, but also that we need time to think. In the case of someone screaming FIRE in a cinema, the reality is that we have no time to think, only to act, to run.

Unconscious bias training takes this profoundly limited understanding of people and turns it into a new way to understand racism. Helped by the confusion about what the scourge of racism is and why the problem still exists, unconscious bias experts have discovered that racism is no longer about what we think, our understanding of an issue, our politics or even what we do, it is something buried deep inside ourselves, so much so that we dont even know it exists.

This outlook, which is at the heart of the politics of behaviour is profoundly degrading in its Pavlovian presumptions about people. We no longer act, we behave. We dont think, we react. We are determined beings, more like dogs than thinking humans. Train the dogs unconscious and hey presto.

But why stop at racism? Perhaps we should be trained to think correctly about many other issues, should we scrap election campaigns and have mass training sessions instead?

It used to be authoritarian countries like the Soviet Union which would use psychological techniques to find the kind of wrong-think we find here. Western nations, in theory at least, prided themselves on the defence of freedom of conscience. Today, we seem unable to even protect freedom of the unconscious.

In the past there were also experts and elites who thought that certain groups of people were not fully human, who thought that some people lacked the capacity for rational thought, who treated human beings more like animals than thinking people. They were called racists.

Our columns are a platform for writers to express their opinions. They do not necessarily represent the views of The Herald.

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Opinion: Stuart Waiton: Unconscious bias training threatens freedom of thought - HeraldScotland

The Lawsuit Against America Online That Set Up Todays Internet Battles – Slate

Photo illustration by Slate. Photos by CHIARI_VFX/iStock/Getty Images Plus, Twitter, Google, Facebook, YouTube, Instagram and WhatsApp. This article is part of the Free Speech Project, a collaboration between Future Tense and the Tech, Law, & Security Program at American University Washington College of Law that examines the ways technology is influencing how we think about speech.

If youre a member of a certain nerdy part of the internet, the phrase Section 230 may make your blood pressure spike. Section 230 of the Communications Decency Act, which says that internet platforms are not liable for much of the content posted by their users, became law nearly 25 years ago, but recently, it has become a lightning rod for criticism both from those who believe that platforms do not adequately block harmful content and those who argue that platforms overmoderate particular political viewpoints.

These heated debates over Section 230 can be traced to one moment in history: Ken Zerans Nov. 12, 1997 loss in a lawsuit against America Online.

Zeran had sued America Online after an anonymous troll repeatedly posted vile jokes about the Oklahoma City bombing using Zerans first name and home phone number. The U.S. Court of Appeals for the 4th Circuit affirmed a lower courts dismissal of his case, not under the First Amendment, but under the recently passed Section 230.

Until that point, Section 230 had received little attention. But the appellate court concluded that a 26-word provision in the law provides sweeping protections to online services for the words that their users post. Because it was the first federal appellate court to apply the obscure new law, the 4th Circuits interpretation quickly prevailed in federal and state courts nationwide.

Ken Zerans loss meant that platforms generally are not liable for their decision to keep upor take downuser content. This legal protection allowed Facebook, Twitter, Yelp, Wikipedia, and so many other platforms to base their business models on user-generated content.

Last year, I published a book about the history of Section 230, The Twenty-Six Words That Created the Internet. I devoted nearly an entire chapter to Zerans landmark case, as it is undoubtedly the most important court opinion involving Section 230, and perhaps U.S. internet law in general. But I could not track him down to interview him for the book. Being unable to speak with Zeran was among my biggest disappointments in researching and writing the book, as his case was so fundamental to the current understanding we have of Section 230. That understanding of Section 230 is being debated in Congress, the Justice Department, and courts nationwide.

I was stunned in June when, during a brief break from a pillow fight with my 6-year-old daughter, I saw a new voicemail message from a Seattle phone number.

Jeff, this is Ken Zeran. If that name sounds familiar, youve written a lot about my case through the years, and Id love to speak to you.

I immediately called him back and had a few long conversations with him over the following week. Zeran reached out to me because he wants to help fix the internet that his case created. He wants to share his storyand thoughtswith policymakers who are considering whether to change Section 230. Zeran rarely spoke publicly about his case over the past quarter century but now thinks it is vital that his voice be heard.

The phone calls started on April 25, 1995, when Zeran, then in his 40s, was a video producer and artist based in Seattle. The callers were furious about something that they thought Zeran did on America Online. This was perplexing, because he never had used the online service.

At first, Zeran thought that the caller had the wrong number. But then I get another call and then another call, Zeran recalled. And many of them wouldnt even wait to hear what I said. They just vent themselves and hang up.

He soon heard from an Army Times reporter who clued him in on what had caused all of the calls: an America Online bulletin board post under the screen name Ken ZZ03, signed with Zerans first name and phone number. The reporter said that the post, found in America Onlines Michigan Military Movement forum, purported to sell T-shirts with tasteless jokes about the Oklahoma City bombing, which had occurred less than a week earlier. The bombing of the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building killed 168 people, including 19 children who had been at a day care center.

Zeran quickly contacted America Online to complain, insisting to a staff member that he was not behind the post. The staffer assured him that America Online would remove the fake ad, but the angry calls continued. A new Oklahoma City T-shirt ad had appeared on America Online, this time from the user Ken ZZ033. A reporter from Michigan contacted Zeran and faxed him a copy of the ad.

Among the slogans on the T-shirts that the advertisement purported to sell were Visit Oklahoma Its a BLAST!!! and Finally, a day care center that keeps the kids quietOklahoma 1995. The calls escalated, particularly after a radio show host in Oklahoma City read the America Online post, including Zerans first name and phone number, on the air.

Some of the callers had lost relatives in the Oklahoma City bombing. Zeran continued to call and fax America Online, pleading for help with the messages. He received some assurances, and a lot of stonewalling. They were basically giving me a stiff arm, he told me.

Zeran contacted a New York lawyer, Leo Kayser, who a few years earlier had unsuccessfully represented a plaintiff who sued America Online competitor CompuServe. Kayser wrote a six-page letter to America Online, outlining Zerans repeated pleas for help from America Online and the loss of business that hed suffered due to the constant phone calls.

In January 1996, Zeran sued the Oklahoma radio station, and in April he sued America Online for negligence, alleging that the company failed to exercise reasonable care after he notified it of the posts. Zeran said that he sued primarily because of America Onlines response to his complaints. They were not helpful at all, Zeran said. They were not talking to me in good faith. And I thought, Thats not right.

To this day, Zeran does not know who posted the ads. And he blames America Online for creating a system that allowed people to remain anonymous even after creating such harmful posts. If youre a company that has a fleet of cars, do you not know whos driving them? Zeran asked.

If youre a company that has a fleet of cars, do you not know whos drivingthem? Ken Zeran

America Online claimed that it was immune from Zerans lawsuit under an obscure new law, known as Section 230 of the Communications Decency Act. Section 230 is part of a massive overhaul of U.S. telecommunications laws that President Bill Clinton signed into law less than three months before Zeran sued America Online.

To understand why Congress passed Section 230, you first need to understand two court cases that led to its passage. The first was Cubby v. CompuServe, which Kayser had litigated in the early 90s. In that case, the plaintiff sued CompuServe over an allegedly defamatory newsletter article that was posted to a CompuServe forum, accusing him of being fired from a previous job.

The court attempted to apply brick-and-mortar liability rules to these new online services. Under the common law and the First Amendment, a distributor of third-party content, such as a bookstore, is liable only if it knew or had reason to know of the illegal content. A federal judge concluded that CompuServe was a distributor that had no knowledge or reason to know of the alleged defamation and dismissed the lawsuit. CompuServe has no more editorial control over such a publication than does a public library, book store, or newsstand, and it would be no more feasible for CompuServe to examine every publication it carries for potentially defamatory statements than it would be for any other distributor to do so, the judge wrote.

CompuServes victory did not mean that all online services would receive this liability protection. A few years later, a New York state court judge, in Stratton Oakmont v. Prodigy, concluded that CompuServes competitor Prodigy was a publisher, not a distributor, and therefore was strictly liable for any defamation that its users posted. The judge based his 1995 ruling on the fact that Prodigy had promoted its editorial control over user content,] as an effort to make the service more family-friendly. Prodigys conscious choice, to gain the benefits of editorial control, has opened it up to a greater liability than CompuServe and other computer networks that make no such choice, the judge wrote.

It will protect computer good Samaritans, online service providers, anyone who provides a front end to the internet, who takes steps to screen indecency and offensive material for theircustomers. Chris Cox

The Prodigy decision received nationwide attention, as it could discourage online services from moderating user content. This ruling came as public attention focused on the accessibility of online pornography to minors; so, many policymakers did not want to provide a disincentive for blocking indecent material.

At the time, Congress was overhauling U.S. telecom laws for the first time in 60 years. To address online indecency, the Senate attached to its version of the telecommunications bill a provision known as the Communications Decency Act, which imposed criminal penalties for the online transmission of indecent material.

Many members of the more tech-savvy House were concerned about the First Amendment problems with the Senates bill. They also wanted to prevent overregulation of the internet and remove the moderation disincentive created by the Stratton Oakmont case. So they added to their version of the telecommunications bill a provision that would become Section 230. The core of Section 230 is what I call the 26 words that created the internet: No provider or user of an interactive computer service shall be treated as the publisher or speaker of any information provided by another information content provider. The law has exceptions for federal criminal law and intellectual property law. Section 230 also states that online services shall not be liable for good-faith actions to block objectionable content.

It will protect computer good Samaritans, online service providers, anyone who provides a front end to the internet, let us say, who takes steps to screen indecency and offensive material for their customers, then-Rep. Chris Cox, who wrote Section 230 with then-Rep. Ron Wyden, said on the House floor in August 1995. It will protect them from taking on liability such as occurred in the Prodigy case in New York that they should not face for helping us and for helping us solve this problem.

Cox also said that he wanted to avoid creating a Federal Computer Commission to regulate the internet and instead encourage the most energetic technological revolution that any of us has ever witnessed.

In February 1996, Clinton signed the final version of the telecom law, which included both the Senate and House provisions. Section 230 received barely any attention in media coverage, as most of the focus was on the Senates indecency law (which the Supreme Court would strike down as unconstitutional a year later).

Few people within the general publicor even the legal communityfully contemplated the potential breadth of the 26 words in Section 230. There were, broadly, two possible ways to answer that question. By prohibiting online services from being treated as the publishers or speakers of third-party content, Section 230 could merely mean that all services are treated as distributors and are liable if they know or have reason to know of illegal content. Alternatively, Section 230 could offer broader immunity, prohibiting any liability for third-party content unless an exception applied.

If the judge in Zerans case adopted the first of those readings, America Online probably would not have received Section 230 protection. Zeran had repeatedly contacted America Online about the postings. But the district judge in Virginia adopted the second, broader view, and dismissed Zerans lawsuit against America Online. Zeran appealed to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the 4th Circuit. The presiding judge on the panel was J. Harvie Wilkinson, a Reagan appointee who had been a newspaper editor and has a long history of writing profree speech opinions.

Wilkinsons November 1997 opinion not only affirmed the dismissal of Zerans case but presented a broad reading of Section 230 that hundreds of other judges would adopt largely without question. Wilkinson wrote that it was not difficult to understand Section 230s purpose. Congress recognized the threat that tort-based lawsuits pose to freedom of speech in the new and burgeoning Internet medium, he wrote. The imposition of tort liability on service providers for the communications of others represented, for Congress, simply another form of intrusive government regulation of speech.

Wilkinson wrote of the staggering amount of information that online services transmitted. It would be impossible for service providers to screen each of their millions of postings for possible problems, he wrote. Faced with potential liability for each message republished by their services, interactive computer service providers might choose to severely restrict the number and type of messages posted.

Wilkinsons reading of Congress desire for free speech drove his broad interpretation of Section 230. The statute did not merely mean that all online platforms are treated as distributors, he reasoned, as distributors are merely a subset or species of publisher.

Wilkinsons reading of Congress desire for free speech drove his broad interpretation of Section230.

This finding was particularly crucial for Section 230 to have a sweeping impact on the internet. If Section 230 only meant that all platforms were treated as distributors, then they might be liable if they receive a complaint about a user post but fail to remove it. Under Wilkinsons broad interpretation, a platform is free to leave content upor take it downafter receiving a complaint.

The Supreme Court denied Zerans petition to review Wilkinsons opinion. A 1998 New York Times article about Zerans case quoted Stanford legal historian Lawrence M. Friedman, comparing Zerans case to an 1842 court opinion that limited railroads tort liability. I think the 19th century was dazzled by railroads and new technology, and the courts today are dazzled by new technology, Friedman told the Times.

That quote has stuck with Zeran for more than 20 years. I believe that Judge Wilkinson was dazzled, Zeran said. He clearly not only was dazzled, but he dazzled himself.

This dazzlement, Zeran said, is reflected in Wilkinsons belief that it was impossible to remove problematic posts. The error that he made there is he was coming from the analog era, Zeran said. He was unaware of the power of computing and servers. Zeran says that he was not dazzled by the technology in 1997. He had worked with digital technology since the 1970s, when CBS Sports hired his production company to create a new look for its programming. Wilkinson should have viewed the new technology as another phase in communications, Zeran said. He should have honored the spirit of the law that had been there for a very, very long time, and that law was there for very specific reasons.

Zeran said Wilkinson should have adopted what he believes to be the proper reading of Section 230: treating all platforms as distributors and providing them with protections until they are notified of the allegedly illegal user content.

Zeran raises some good points about the inequities that heand othershave faced under the internet that Section 230 created. Particularly, his critique of America Onlines inability to identify his tormentor brings to mind a proposal that Boston University law professor Danielle Citron articulated more than a decade ago: tying Section 230 to a standard of reasonable care that includes a requirement for websites to provide traceable anonymity if commenters break the law. For instance, traceable anonymity would require such websites to retain IP addresses, which could be subpoenaed in defamation suits and used to track down posters.

As to Zerans criticism of Wilkinsons belief that it was impossible for services to moderate user contentthat is more complicated. Platforms can and should do better. Zerans case is an early example of a platform that could have done more to mitigate the harms caused by the continued posts, particularly after Zerans persistent attempts to get the company to take his problem seriously. However, online services today do in fact use automated tools such as PhotoDNA to screen for illegal material, and this technology is helpful in filtering some harmful content. But technology is not a panacea for all online harm; indeed, large platforms have hired thousands of human moderators to determine whether user content violates their policies, and even with those investments there are high-profile failures. Section 230as broadly interpreted by Wilkinsonhas provided platforms with the breathing room to succeed and fail.

Zeran said he never would suggest that platforms have an obligation to proactively detect illegal content; rather, they should be able to handle complaints and remove harmful content after being notified. The operative word isnt monitoring or filtering, Zeran said. Its response.

Did Wilkinson misinterpret Section 230 when he ruled against Zeran? Both of its authors, Cox and Wyden, told me that Wilkinson got it right (though Cox has gripes about a few subsequent opinions that liberally applied Wilkinsons opinion). Still, it is not unfathomable to suggest that another judge would have read Section 230 more narrowly. Because Zerans lawsuit was the first Section 230 case to be decided in both the trial and appellate courtsand the author of the appellate opinion is widely respectedit quickly became the prevailing reading of the statute.

To see how Zerans loss affected the future of Section 230and the potential for an alternative reading to take holdconsider a case filed against America Online in a Florida state court a month before the district judge dismissed Zerans case. A mother alleged that a man who recorded the sexual abuse of her 11-year-old son had marketed images and videos of the abuse in America Online chatrooms, despite complaints that the company had received about the abuser. The state trial court, intermediate appellate court, and Florida Supreme Court all concluded that Section 230 barred her claims, and all three opinions relied heavily on the rulings against Zeran.

Yet the Florida Supreme Courts opinion was split 43. The dissenters wrote that it is inconceivable that Congress intended the CDA to shield from potential liability an ISP alleged to have taken absolutely no actions to curtail illicit activities in furtherance of conduct defined as criminal, despite actual knowledge that a source of child pornography was being advertised and delivered through contact information provided on its service by an identified customer, while profiting from its customers continued use of the service.

Had Zerans case not yet been decided, it is possible that at least one more Florida Supreme Court justice would have adopted this narrower, notice-based reading of Section 230. Likewise, other judges might have concluded that Section 230 does not apply if platforms are on notice of the illegal content.

But we are well over two decades past the what-ifs for Zerans case. He lost, and his loss created the legal system on which so many platforms built their operations.

For instance, it is difficult to conceive of a site like Yelp existing with its current moderation policies under a narrower construction of Section 230. Lets say a consumer posts on Yelp that a plumber charged $2,000 but did not fix the problem. If Yelp were to face liability upon notice that the review was defamatory, Yelp might feel great pressure to remove the review after receiving a complaint from the plumber. Otherwise, Yelp could face tremendous liability.

I posed this problem to Zeran. He said that he wants to foster free speech, but he also wants to prevent harms such as what he suffered. Zeran would like platforms to face liability for anonymous speech that they fail to remove after receiving a complaint of defamation or other illegality. If the user content is signed with a real name, he said, the platform should at least temporarily remove content that is alleged to be illegal but provide the poster with the opportunity to demonstrate that it is not defamatory or illegal. In the plumber example, he said the consumer could prove this by litigating against the plumber in small claims court.

Zeran asked me what I thought of the proposal, and I pointed out that, as with so much related to Section 230, there are trade-offs. While a notice-based system may only target illegal speech, I say, it could have a significant chilling effect on other speech. Who needs to live in a society of illegal speech? he asked in response. Who does that help?

I asked Zeran a question that Ive asked myself many times over the years: What would the internet look like if he had won his case?

Well, I think it would be much higher-quality, he said. I think wed be living in a much smarter world.

Zeran, a video producer for decades, said he has great reverence for free speech. But he looks at the current state of online discourse and is not happy. And he believes that this ultimately poses a threat to free speech in the long run.

Its a cacophony of a lot of invective speech, he said, and look where its taken us.

The views expressed in this article are only the authors and do not represent the U.S. Naval Academy, Department of the Navy, or Defense Department.

Future Tense is a partnership of Slate, New America, and Arizona State University that examines emerging technologies, public policy, and society.

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The Lawsuit Against America Online That Set Up Todays Internet Battles - Slate

Representatives Clark & Kennedy Applaud Bipartisan Approval For Offshore Wind Center of Excellence – framinghamsource.com

The following is a press release from Congresswoman Katherine Clarks office submitted to SOURCE media.

***

WASHINGTON DC Congresswoman Katherine Clark and Congressman Joe Kennedy III today, July 14 applauded the bipartisan approval of their Offshore Wind Center of Excellence by the House Committee on Appropriations. Just days after the lawmakers broached the idea in a letter to U.S. Department of EnergyAssistantSecretaryfor Energy Efficiency and Renewable EnergyDaniel Simmons.

The measure now advances to the Floor of the House of Representatives.

Offshore Wind will move us to a cleaner economy and environment. With a Center of Excellence, we will dramatically increase the efficiency and effectiveness of the offshore wind industry in the U.S. and help offshore wind energy become cost-competitive.Massachusetts is primed to lead the way on this effort, and Im grateful that my colleagues on the House Appropriations Committee supported this significant step forward toward a better future for our workers, environment, and communities, said Congresswoman Clark.

Offshore wind energy can protect our environment, empower our workers, and reduce energy costs for our communities, saidCongressman Kennedy. By creating an Offshore Wind Center of Excellence, we can coordinate and collaborate with experts, advocates and industry leaders across the country. As our Commonwealth and region begin to enter this new era of energy, we need this Center to ensure our nation gains its rightful place as a leader in this emerging industry.

To read the lawmakers initial letter sent with Congressman Bill Keating,click here.

***

Photo courtesy of U.S. Department of Energy

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Partrac lends hand on Irish offshore wind projects – reNEWS

Partrac has been chosen to support the development of three unnamed Irish offshore wind projects.

Services the company has been contracted to provide include assisting developers with marine and coastal physical processes at their sites, as they move through the regulatory and consenting process.

The consultancy has also carried out studies of complex seabed morphodynamics to assist front end engineering design and planning of turbine and cable layouts.

Other activities carried out by Partrac in relation to the three projects in development include scoping and planning of hydrographic and metocean surveys, deployment and servicing of floating lidar and metocean measurement equipment, review and analysis of lidar wind resource data as well as scoping assessments in relation to environmental impact assessments.

Partrac technical director Kevin Black said: We are very pleased to be playing a part in the Irish offshore wind sector, providing specialist support across a range of field surveys and consultancy.

We are confident that our input and assistance will help towards achieving the goals for offshore wind set out in the Irish Governments Climate Action Plan.

The Irish government plans to introduce a new marine planning regime via the Marine Planning and Development Management Bill 2020 and has also designated seven offshore wind projects as relevant, for fast-tracking through the new regime.

The Irish Governments Climate Action Plan commits to having at least 3.5GW of offshore wind in Ireland in the next ten years, which will help renewables account for 70% of electricity generation by 2030.

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Partrac lends hand on Irish offshore wind projects - reNEWS

ExxonMobil approves thermoplastic composite pipe for offshore applications – Offshore Oil and Gas Magazine

6-in. flexible TCP Jumper on subsea pallet ready for deployment in deepwater offshore Nigeria.

(Courtesy Airborne Oil & Gas)

Offshore staff

IJMUIDEN, the Netherlands ExxonMobil Upstream Integrated Solutions Co. has qualified Airborne Oil & Gas thermoplastic composite pipe (TCP) product for applications globally.

Following an assessment of Airbornes qualification test data and track record, ExxonMobil accepted the TCP jumper product for water injection purposes on its various offshore projects.

According to ExxonMobils Krassimir Doynov, senior technical advisor flexibles,umbilicalsand risers: We see potential for the use of TCP as an intrinsically non-corroding andspoolablelightweight pipe that can be used in a range of static and dynamicdeepwaterapplications.

Airbornehas satisfied our criteria for the qualification and design of TCP manufactured from glassfibersandpolyethylene, which enables our upstream affiliates to consider this technology as a potential alternative to existing solutions for projects that use water injection jumpers made ofrigid steel pipe and unbonded flexible pipe.

Henk de BoerPh.D, chief technology officer with Airborne, said:We have built a basis of track record on flowlines and jumpers in water injection, methanol injection, gas lift and hydrocarbon production applications.

Following years of qualification testing, our first product based on carbon fiber and PA12 (nylon) is also qualified, and we are progressing fast with the next material, carbon fiber and PVD.

07/14/2020

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ExxonMobil approves thermoplastic composite pipe for offshore applications - Offshore Oil and Gas Magazine

The virus has reached Petrobras offshore oil rigs; prosecutors investigations into the outbreaks – MercoPress

Tuesday, July 14th 2020 - 09:50 UTC Brazil had registered 1,427 confirmed coronavirus cases among offshore oil workers as of July 10, according to ANP

On Friday, May 1, two workers on the PXA-1 offshore platform owned by Brazil's state-run oil company Petrobras checked into the facility's infirmary complaining of headaches and fever-like symptoms. Another Petrobras employee fell visibly ill the following day, according to Brazilian media.

The sickness spread further in the subsequent days, stoking anxiety among the 45 workers onboard, all but one of whom later tested positive for the novel coronavirus, according to the local union.

While all have since recovered, the three workers said they are deeply embittered because they believe Petrobras failed to take now-standard precautions to prevent the spread of the virus, like testing workers before they went onboard rigs or providing them high-quality masks.

The three workers and Paolo Valterson, the local union's health director, questioned why the workers were not evacuated to the nearby city of Fortaleza in northeastern Brazil until four days after the first ones exhibited symptoms. They were quarantined in a hotel in the city for 15 days, according to Valterson.

In recent months the coronavirus has hit oil production and exposed Petrobras, which employs more than 45,000 people and is Latin America's largest company by most measures, to possible legal problems.

As of mid-June, federal prosecutors had opened 25 coronavirus-related investigations into the Rio de Janeiro-based company's conduct at maritime facilities alone, according to information obtained through a public information request.

Local prosecutors said in a statement they have opened a probe into the incident on the PXA-1 platform.

The company said it had administered more than 70,000 tests among its employees and subcontractors across the country. But that has not kept the virus from ripping through Brazil's roughly 155 offshore oil platforms, according to an analysis of public and confidential data and conversations with doctors, workers, executives and government officials.

Brazil had registered 1,427 confirmed coronavirus cases among offshore oil workers as of July 10, according to ANP, the country's oil regulator. That means around 3% of all workers in the sector have contracted the virus, which is about six times the average incidence in Brazil, home to the worst outbreak in Latin America.

Brazilian mining giant Vale SA and meatpacker JBS SA are among the companies that have been dealing with coronavirus outbreaks among their workers.

Those who work on offshore oil rigs are particularly susceptible to coming down with COVID-19, the respiratory illness caused by the virus, because they are aboard for weeks at a time and work, sleep and eat in close contact with one another.

Workers also have accused Petrobras of failing until early June to implement universal testing for workers departing to offshore facilities. Union officials were particularly irked the firm had donated 600,000 test kits to the federal and state governments by late April, according to company statements, even as union officials had demanded pre-departure tests as early as March.

While originally concentrated in southeastern Brazil, the heart of the country's oil industry, pre-departure testing later expanded to all parts of Brazil. The company said more than 43 per cent of its direct and indirect workers had been tested as of June 29, adding that the high incidence of coronavirus among offshore oil workers may be partially attributable to higher rates of testing than in Brazil as a whole.

Regarding its donations of test kits to federal and state authorities, Petrobras said it considers itself a citizen company, and, as such, it is responsible for safeguarding the health of the Brazilian people.

The 45 workers on the PXA-1 platform off the coast of Ceara were among those that had not been tested, even as the state and its capital Fortaleza had become one of Brazil's worst coronavirus hot spots by late April, according to Valterson, the union official.

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The virus has reached Petrobras offshore oil rigs; prosecutors investigations into the outbreaks - MercoPress

First Taiwan-Built Offshore Installation Vessel To – MarineLink

Finland-based marine engine and technology provider Wrtsil has been tasked to equip the first Taiwan-built offshore wind installation vessel - the Green Jade - with "a broad scope" of its solutions.

The 216 meters long vessel will be built at the CSBC shipyard in Taiwan for the joint-venture company CDWE owned by CSBC and Belgium-based DEME Group.

The vessel is expected to play a major role in developing the offshore wind farm business in both new and established markets, including Taiwan.

Under the order, Wrtsil will deliver four Wrtsil 46DF and two Wrtsil 20DF dual-fuel engines, as well as Transverse and Steerable Thrusters, DP-3 solution, a Navigation system, and selective catalytic reduction (SCR) systems for emissions abatement. The company will also provide site supervision services.

The Wrtsil equipment is scheduled to be delivered during 2021 and the ship is expected to begin operations in the Taiwan Strait in 2023.

The Green Jade, with its 4,000-tonne crane capacity and DP3 capability, will serve the offshore wind market, and according to CDWE , will be able to transport a multitude of heaviest monopiles, jackets, wind turbine components and structures in a single shipment.

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HSBC to set up offshore banking unit in India’s GIFT fintech city – International Investment

HSBC has been approved to set up an office in the Gujarat International Finance Tech (GIFT) City, one of India's largest special economic zones (SEZs), it was announced yesterday.

HSBC, which in India is known as the Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation, headquartered in Hong Kong, said it had gained in-principle approval from the GIFT SEZ Authority to set up a banking unit.

The new unit will operate as an offshore subsidiary of HSBC India, under International Financial Services Centre (IFSC) regulations.

This reiterates HSBCs commitment to India as a core top five global contributor, and our second largest employment base globally."

Surendra Rosha, CEO of HSBC India, said in a statement yesterday, "Our proposed IBU at GIFT IFSC will complement our domestic business in India and flows with our global financial centres."

"This would help expand the options available to our customers to seamlessly conduct international business transactions, in particular, financing, trade and global markets. This reiterates HSBC's commitment to India as a core top five global contributor, and our second largest employment base globally."

Tapan Ray, MD and group CEO, GIFT City, added: "The government of India has envisaged GIFT IFSC as a hub to bring offshore financial transactions onshore and the presence of HSBC has further strengthened the IFSC ecosystem of India."

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Offshore Gas Pipeline Market Growth by Top Companies, Trends by Types and Application, Forecast to 2026 – Cole of Duty

This Offshore Gas Pipeline Market report offers a detailed view of market opportunity by end user segments, product segments, sales channels, key countries, and import / export dynamics. It details market size & forecast, growth drivers, emerging trends, market opportunities, and investment risks in over various segments in Offshore Gas Pipeline industry. It provides a comprehensive understanding of Offshore Gas Pipeline market dynamics in both value and volume terms.

About Offshore Gas Pipeline Industry

The overviews, SWOT analysis and strategies of each vendor in the Offshore Gas Pipeline market provide understanding about the market forces and how those can be exploited to create future opportunities.

Important application areas of Offshore Gas Pipeline are also assessed on the basis of their performance. Market predictions along with the statistical nuances presented in the report render an insightful view of the Offshore Gas Pipeline market. The market study on Global Offshore Gas Pipeline Market 2018 report studies present as well as future aspects of the Offshore Gas Pipeline Market primarily based upon factors on which the companies participate in the market growth, key trends and segmentation analysis.

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Market Segment AnalysisThe research report includes specific segments by Type and by Application. Each type provides information about the production during the forecast period of 2015 to 2026. Application segment also provides consumption during the forecast period of 2015 to 2026. Understanding the segments helps in identifying the importance of different factors that aid the market growth.Segment by TypeDiameter Below 24Diameter Greater Than 24

Segment by ApplicationTransportExportStorageOther

Global Offshore Gas Pipeline Market: Regional AnalysisThe report offers in-depth assessment of the growth and other aspects of the Offshore Gas Pipeline market in important regions, including the U.S., Canada, Germany, France, U.K., Italy, Russia, China, Japan, South Korea, Taiwan, Southeast Asia, Mexico, and Brazil, etc. Key regions covered in the report are North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific and Latin America.The report has been curated after observing and studying various factors that determine regional growth such as economic, environmental, social, technological, and political status of the particular region. Analysts have studied the data of revenue, production, and manufacturers of each region. This section analyses region-wise revenue and volume for the forecast period of 2015 to 2026. These analyses will help the reader to understand the potential worth of investment in a particular region.Global Offshore Gas Pipeline Market: Competitive LandscapeThis section of the report identifies various key manufacturers of the market. It helps the reader understand the strategies and collaborations that players are focusing on combat competition in the market. The comprehensive report provides a significant microscopic look at the market. The reader can identify the footprints of the manufacturers by knowing about the global revenue of manufacturers, the global price of manufacturers, and production by manufacturers during the forecast period of 2015 to 2019.The major players in the market include Saipem, Subsea 7, McDermott, Sapura, Wood Group, Technip, Fugro, Atteris, Penspen, Petrofac, etc.

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The scope of Offshore Gas Pipeline Market report:

Global market size, supply, demand, consumption, price, import, export, macroeconomic analysis, type and application segment information by region, including:

Global (Asia-Pacific [China, Southeast Asia, India, Japan, Korea, Western Asia]

Europe [Germany, UK, France, Italy, Russia, Spain, Netherlands, Turkey, Switzerland]

North America [United States, Canada, Mexico]

Middle East & Africa [GCC, North Africa, South Africa],

South America [Brazil, Argentina, Columbia, Chile, Peru])

Industry chain analysis, raw material and end users information

Global key players information including SWOT analysis, companys financial figures, Laser Marking Machine figures of each company are covered.

Powerful market analysis tools used in the report include: Porters five forces analysis, PEST analysis, drivers and restraints, opportunities and threatens.

Based year in this report is 2019; the historical data is from 2014 to 2018 and forecast year is from 2020 to 2024.

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Manufacturing Analysis Offshore Gas Pipeline Market

Manufacturing process for the Offshore Gas Pipeline is studied in this section. It includes through analysis of Key Raw Materials, Key Suppliers of Raw Materials, Price Trend of Key Raw Materials, cost of Raw Materials & Labor Cost, Manufacturing Process Analysis of Offshore Gas Pipeline market

Marketing Strategy Analysis, Distributors/Traders Analysis of Offshore Gas Pipeline Market

Various marketing channels like direct and indirect marketing are portrayed in Offshore Gas Pipeline market report. Important marketing strategical data , Marketing Channel Development Trend, , Pricing Strategy, Market Positioning, Target Client Brand Strategy and Distributors/Traders List

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Offshore Gas Pipeline Market Growth by Top Companies, Trends by Types and Application, Forecast to 2026 - Cole of Duty

Hermitage Offshore Services Ltd. (NYSE:PSV) Announces Forbearance Agreement with the Lenders to its $132.9 Million Term Loan Facility NYSE:PSV -…

HAMILTON, Bermuda, July 09, 2020 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Hermitage Offshore Services Ltd. (NYSE:PSV) (Hermitage Offshore, or the Company) announced today that it has executed a forbearance agreement (the Forbearance Agreement) to its $132.9 Million Term Loan Facility dated January 14, 2020 (the Term Loan Facility) with DNB Bank ASA and Skandinaviska Enskilda Banken AB (publ) (together, the Lenders) and DNB Bank ASA, as agent and security agent. While the Forbearance Agreement does not address the long-term liquidity and restructuring needs of the Company, pursuant to the terms of the Forbearance Agreement, the Lenders have agreed to forbear from exercising any of their rights and remedies under the Term Loan Facility and any other finance agreements related to the Term Loan Facility in the event of a default by the Company until July 31, 2020.

As previously announced, the outbreak of the novel coronavirus coupled with the collapse in the price of crude oil has resulted in a significant and abrupt deterioration in the financial condition of the Company. These events have given rise to substantial doubt about the Companys ability to continue as a going concern. As a result, the Company has engaged Perella Weinberg Partners andSnapdragon Advisory AB as financial advisors and Proskauer Rose LLP as legal counsel to analyze restructuring alternatives and has been in ongoing discussions with the Lenders in an effort to address these issues.

About the Company

Hermitage Offshore Services Ltd. is an offshore support vessel company that owns 23 vessels consisting of 10 platform supply vessels, or PSVs, two anchor handling tug supply vessels, or AHTS vessels, and 11 crew boats. The Companys vessels primarily operate in the North Sea and the West Coast of Africa. Additional information about the Company is available at the Companys website http://www.hermitage-offshore.com, which is not a part of this press release.

CAUTIONARY STATEMENT REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

Matters discussed in this press release may constitute forwardlooking statements. The Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 provides safe harbor protections for forwardlooking statements in order to encourage companies to provide prospective information about their business. Forwardlooking statements include statements concerning plans, objectives, goals, strategies, future events or performance, and underlying assumptions and other statements, which are other than statements of historical facts. The Company desires to take advantage of the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 and is including this cautionary statement in connection with this safe harbor legislation. The words believe, expect, anticipate, estimate, intend, plan, target, project, likely, may, will, would, could and similar expressions identify forwardlooking statements.

The forwardlooking statements in this press release are based upon various assumptions, many of which are based, in turn, upon further assumptions, including without limitation, managements examination of historical operating trends, data contained in the Companys records and other data available from third parties. Although management believes that these assumptions were reasonable when made, because these assumptions are inherently subject to significant uncertainties and contingencies which are difficult or impossible to predict and are beyond the Companys control, there can be no assurance that the Company will achieve or accomplish these expectations, beliefs or projections. The Company undertakes no obligation, and specifically declines any obligation, except as required by law, to publicly update or revise any forwardlooking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.

Important factors that, in the Companys view, could cause actual results to differ materially from those discussed in the forward-looking statements include the strength of world economies and currencies, general market conditions, including fluctuations in charter rates and vessel values, changes in demand in the offshore support vessel (OSV) market, changes in charter hire rates and vessel values, demand in offshore supply vessels,the length and severity of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak, the results of the Companys discussions with its lenders, the Companys operating expenses, including bunker prices, dry docking and insurance costs,governmental rules and regulations or actions taken by regulatory authorities as well as potential liability from pending or future litigation, general domestic and international political conditions, potential disruption of shipping routes due to accidents or political events, the availability of financing and refinancing, vessel breakdowns and instances of off-hire and other important factors described from time to time in the reports filed by the Company with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

Contacts:

Hermitage Offshore Services Ltd.+377 9798 5717 (Monaco)+1 646 432 3315 (New York)Web-site: http://www.hermitage-offshore.com

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Hermitage Offshore Services Ltd. (NYSE:PSV) Announces Forbearance Agreement with the Lenders to its $132.9 Million Term Loan Facility NYSE:PSV -...

Potential impact of coronavirus outbreak on Offshore Pipeline Market Growth of to Remain Sluggish During 2019 to 2029 – 3rd Watch News

Latest Study on the Global Offshore Pipeline Market

The recently published report by Transparency Market Research on the global Offshore Pipeline market offers resourceful insights pertaining to the future prospects of the Offshore Pipeline market. The underlying trends, growth opportunities, impeding factors, and glaring market drivers are thoroughly studied in the presented report.

As per the report, the global Offshore Pipeline market is projected to grow at a CAGR of ~XX% and exceed the value of ~US$ towards the end of 2029. Moreover, an in-depth analysis of the micro and macro-economic factors that are anticipated to influence the trajectory of the Offshore Pipeline market during the forecast period (2019-2029) is included in the report.

Critical Insights Related to the Offshore Pipeline Market in the Report:

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Offshore Pipeline Market Segments

Competitive landscape

NOTE All statements of fact, opinion, or analysis expressed in reports are those of the respective analysts. They do not necessarily reflect formal positions or views ofthe company

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Important queries related to the Offshore Pipeline market addressed in the report:

Why Choose Offshore Pipeline Market Report?

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Potential impact of coronavirus outbreak on Offshore Pipeline Market Growth of to Remain Sluggish During 2019 to 2029 - 3rd Watch News

Borssele 1 & 2 array cables installed offshore the Netherlands – Offshore Oil and Gas Magazine

The cable-laying vessel Nexus installed the cables at the Borssele 1 & 2 offshore wind farm in the Dutch North Sea.

(Courtesy Van Oord)

Offshore staff

ROTTERDAM, the Netherlands rsted and Van Oord have installed all 94 array cables connecting the turbines of the Borssele 1 & 2 offshore wind farm in the Dutch North Sea.

The installation started, ahead of schedule, in February 2020.

Van Oords cable-laying vessel Nexus installed the cables that Nexans fabricated.

Next month, the companies expect to finalize the cable burial campaign with Van Oords trencher Dig-It.

Borssele 1 & 2 is rsteds first offshore wind farm in the Netherlands. It is 22 km (14 mi) off the coast of the Dutch province of Zeeland, in water depths ranging from 14 to 39.7 m (46 to 130 ft).

The 752-MW wind farm is expected to be completed this year.

07/13/2020

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Borssele 1 & 2 array cables installed offshore the Netherlands - Offshore Oil and Gas Magazine

Offshore Decommissioning Market by Type, Application, Element Global Trends and Forecast to 2026 – Cole of Duty

Market Study Report LLC has added a new report on Offshore Decommissioning Market Size that provides a comprehensive review of this industry with respect to the driving forces influencing the industry. Comprising the current and future trends defining the dynamics of this industry vertical, this report also incorporates the regional landscape of Offshore Decommissioning market in tandem with its competitive terrain.

The latest research report on the Offshore Decommissioning market elucidates detailed study of this business space, alongside the essential market parameters. Information pertaining to various industry segments, in tandem with current position and market size with respect to revenue and volume is entailed in the report. It further focusses on delivering insights about the regional outlook of the market as well as the competitive landscape of the Offshore Decommissioning industry.

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Exhaustive analysis of the regional outlook of the Offshore Decommissioning market:

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Offshore Decommissioning Market by Type, Application, Element Global Trends and Forecast to 2026 - Cole of Duty

US and Canada Bolster Offshore Wind Ties – Offshore WIND

The Business Network for Offshore Wind and Marine Renewables Canada have entered into an affiliation agreement to share knowledge and support the development of offshore wind.

The aim of the agreement is to demonstrate the commitment to ensuring Canadian and U.S. industry and suppliers receive increased support to engage in offshore wind development.

According to Marine Renewables Canada, although Canada does not yet have active offshore wind development, many suppliers have experience from working in related marine and offshore industries that could contribute to helping the U.S. meet its offshore wind goals.

Offshore wind is a growing industry vital to the growth of a blue economy. We look forward to working closely with Marine Renewables Canada cultivate to cultivate the opportunities in the US and Canada, said CEO and President of the Business Network for Offshore Wind, Liz Burdock.

By working together, we can help industry collaborate on key issues, build partnerships, and share information that will support advancement of the industry.

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US and Canada Bolster Offshore Wind Ties - Offshore WIND

Inside the Leicester sweatshops accused of modern slavery – Euronews

Fast fashion giant Boohoo is facing an investigation into accusations of modern slavery after it emerged garment workers at factories in Leicester, UK were being paid just 3.50 an hour.

An investigation carried out by The Sunday Times last week found textile workers producing clothes for Boohoo's suppliers were being paid far below the UK minimum wage (8.72), while working in unsafe conditions.

Boohoo issued a statement on Wednesday, saying it was "shocked and appalled" by the claims in The Sunday Times.

The company faced criticisms earlier in the lockdown, as workers' rights group Labour Behind the Label reported that staff at the Leicester factories were "being forced to come into work while sick with COVID-19."

Leicester was the first British city to face a local lockdown, after a rise in coronavirus cases. The spike has been associated with the city's textile industry, which has continued to operate throughout the pandemic.

Fast fashion factories in Leicester are a long-standing issue, with authorities often struggling to find evidence of modern slavery, despite the prevalence of sweatshops in the city.

After recording extraordinary sales in the early weeks of lockdown, as the Manchester-based company capitalised on its customers' desire for comfortable clothing, Boohoo's market value has dropped by more than a third since The Sunday Times expos was released.

The fall-out has seen the brand dropped from other online retail platforms, with Next, Asos, and Zalando all cutting ties with Boohoo and its subsidiary brands, Nasty Gal and PrettyLittleThing.

Boohoo's management has launched an independent review of its UK supply chain and pledged an initial 10 million "to eradicate supply chain malpractice."

Environmental experts have long been calling for a "total abandonment" of fast fashion in order to prevent an ecological disaster. The fashion industry is one of the most significant polluters in the world, responsible for 10 per cent of global carbon emissions.

As the public grows increasingly aware of the human and planetary costs of fast fashion, more and more ethical alternatives are emerging. Project Cece, for example, founded by Noor Veenhoven and sisters Melissa and Marcella Wijngaarden, is a tech start-up which has recently become Europe's largest sustainable clothing platform.

"We want to really show fast fashion brands like there's money in [sustainability]," explains Veenhoven, "then we can change the industry. We want to be a platform that will be useless in the future because everything will be sustainable."

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Inside the Leicester sweatshops accused of modern slavery - Euronews

Anti-slavery authority updates on Leicester textile trade investigation with more factory visits are planned – Leicestershire Live

The Gangmasters and Labour Abuse Authority says it has found no evidence of modern slavery in visits it has made to Leicester textile firms in the past week.

The Government anti-slavery agency is one of the bodies investigating conditions in some of the 1,000 plus garment manufacturers in the city.

It follows reports that some workers in the trade were being exploited and paid as little as 3.50 an hour - below the minimum wage.

In a statement, the GLAA said it has been working to ensure that regulations are being followed in factories in Leicester during the coronavirus pandemic.

A spokesperson said: It follows concerns about how some businesses in the city have been operating before and during the localised lockdown introduced by the government at the end of June.

Multi-agency visits involving officers from the GLAA, Leicestershire Police, Leicester City Council, National Crime Agency, Health and Safety Executive, Leicestershire Fire and Rescue and Immigration Enforcement have been carried out over the last week.

Officers from the different agencies spoke to business owners and workers to discuss concerns and provide advice around how protect workplaces from the risk of coronavirus.

Further visits will be carried out in the coming weeks.

The GLAA said no enforcement has been used during the visits and officers have not at this stage identified any offences under the Modern Slavery Act 2015.

The HSE has however said it issued an improvement notice to a factory that was found not to working in Covid-secure conditions and is investigating two others.

GLAA Head of Enforcement Ian Waterfield said: We are committed to working with partners to ensure that workers in Leicester are safe during the coronavirus pandemic and are not having their employment rights eroded or abused.

Allegations of labour exploitation are something we take extremely seriously and we will continue to take appropriate action to safeguard potentially vulnerable workers.

We would also encourage the public to be aware of the signs of labour exploitation and report their concerns to us, by calling our intelligence team on 0800 4320804 or emailing .

Management at the Boohoo fashion giant have said they are grateful to the Sunday Times for highlighting alleged sweatshop conditions at a Leicester factory apparently making items for it.

The Manchester-based online retailer has been hit by suggestions that suppliers to it in Leicester were paying workers below the minimum wage - and making staff work through the lockdown.

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Anti-slavery authority updates on Leicester textile trade investigation with more factory visits are planned - Leicestershire Live

Dropping the Freeholder Title Even as We Continue to Codify Pay Discrimination for Farmworkers – InsiderNJ

When we see an easy consensus under Trentons golden dome it has been my lived experience that more scrutiny is usually required.

Upon closer inspection, such a call to action may reflect the desire to ride the wave of change rather than actually doing something that might be radical but necessary. The open-ended need for campaign cash to ensure incumbency acts as a throttle for just how fast real reform is permitted to proceed.

And, so it is with the call by Governor Phil Murphy, Senate Majority Leader Stephen Sweeney and Assembly Speaker Craig Coughlin to change the title of County Freeholder to County Commissioner. It was floated amidst the Black Lives Matter moment and a national pandemic that is killing people of color at a shockingly disproportionate rate.

This bit of window dressing will be a windfall for sign painters, graphic designers and auto detailers in all 21 counties but wont address the accelerating wealth inequality we are experiencing amidst a further notice public health crisis without precedent.

Theres no doubt that by being the state that hung on to the Freeholder term the longest, we betrayed just how entrenched white male property owner supremacy has always been in our politics.

But the Freeholder nomenclature is the least of it. It stuck for so long because protecting wealth and its privilege were the core function of our state for so long.

New Jersey was at best ambivalent about slavery, voting along with Mississippi, Kentucky, and Delaware to initially reject the 13th amendment abolishing the institution.

We only signed off after Lincoln was dead and the Civil War was over in 1866. (Delaware waited until 1901.)

While New Jerseys great white men of the 19th century were reluctant to hurt slave owners bottom line, they also wanted to make sure creditors could enforce their terms with the full force of the law including depriving debtors of their liberty, no matter how small the debt.

As historian Peter J. Coleman notes in his seminal accountDebtors and Creditors in America the state saw itself as the essential enforcer for all creditors.

By 1829 one New Jersey prison held five times as many debtors as criminals, and of the 117 prisoners in the Belvidere and Flemington prisons, about a quarter owed less than five dollars and more than half had been in custody for over thirty days, Coleman writes.

According to the Boston Prison Discipline Society, the incidence of imprisonment for debt was higher in New Jersey than in any other state, and prisoners were commonly held in filthy and neglected conditions for the most trifling of debts.

Into the 20th century, the State of New Jerseys energetic promotion of corporations over the public interest prompted Lincoln Steffens, one of the original muckrakers, to call us the traitor state.

While other states attempted to push back on the corrupting influence of big money that defined the Gilded Age and made anti-labor abuses of the Robber Barons possible, it was New Jersey that granted them legal sanctuary to avoid accountability through the proliferation of trusts.

EVERY loyal citizen of the United States owes New Jersey a grudge, wrote Stephens in McClure Magazine in 1905. The state is corrupt; so are certain other states.But this state doubly betrays us. Jersey has been bought and sold both at home and abroad; the state is owned and governed today by a syndicate representing capitalists of Newark, Philadelphia, New York, London, and Amsterdam.

He continued. The offense which commands our special attention, however, and lifts this state into national distinction, is this: New Jersey is selling out the rest of us. New Jersey charters the trustsAnd the point to fix in mind at present is that when, a few years ago, the American people were disposed to take up deliberately and solve intelligently the common great trust problem, New Jersey, for one, sold to the corporations a general law which was a general license to grow, combine, and overwhelm as they would, not in Jersey alone, but anywhere in the United States.

To this very day, our state carries forward racially discriminatory policies that disadvantage workers of color to the benefit of corporations, even as our elected leaders describes themselves as progressives.

Consider New Jerseys minimum wage increase passed last year with great fanfare. It included a two-tier track where agricultural workers pay was permitted to lag behind most other non-farm employees who would see $15 in 2024. For farmworkers, that happy day does not come until 2027.

This discriminatory abuse of farmworkers can be traced back to President Franklin Roosevelts need to win southern votes for his New Deal by exempting farmworkers from the Fair Labor Standards Act which lifted so many other workers out poverty.

According to New Jerseys Department of Labor website, twenty years into the 21st century, New Jerseys farmworkers are still not entitled to overtime.

As the essential workforce, including farmworkers and their families, face the ongoing threat from COVID19, the practice of continuing such regulatory exemptions must end.

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Dropping the Freeholder Title Even as We Continue to Codify Pay Discrimination for Farmworkers - InsiderNJ

Factbox: Trump and Biden divided on race, criminal justice policies – Reuters

(Reuters) - Republican President Donald Trump and his Democratic opponent, Joe Biden, have contrasting views and records on criminal justice and the U.S. racial divide, issues that have risen in prominence in the 2020 election.

FILE PHOTO - U.S. President Donald Trump arrives on the South Lawn of the White House in Washington, U.S., from the Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, July 11, 2020. REUTERS/Yuri Gripas

Here is a look at their stances and backgrounds:

Biden has said he was motivated to run for president by Trumps comments that both sides were to blame for violence between white supremacists and counterprotesters at a 2017 rally in Charlottesville, Virginia, comments that fit into what critics see as a pattern of race-baiting by Trump.

The president has very few Black Americans among his advisers and White House staff. Biden, who was vice president for the first African-American U.S. president, Barack Obama, has pledged that his Cabinet, judicial appointments and running mate will reflect the countrys diversity.

Trump has responded to protests over the May 25 death of George Floyd in Minneapolis police custody by urging a militaristic response.

He signed an executive order taking steps toward police reform, including encouraging police to use the latest standards for use of force, banning chokeholds unless an officers life was in danger, and called for legislation to do more.

But Democrats faulted the order for allowing some exceptions to the chokehold ban and placing no restrictions on warrants that let police enter a suspects property without knocking. The party has put forward a sweeping bill with a more categorical ban on both practices.

Biden has accused the Trump administration of lax oversight of police departments accused of civil rights violations. He also has said he supports reforming qualified immunity, a legal doctrine that shields officers from victims lawsuits. Trumps spokeswoman has said he would not support ending that immunity.

The former vice president has resisted activist calls to defund the police, instead promising to invest $300 million in a program that gives grants to hire more diverse officers and train them to develop less adversarial relationships with communities.

Trump in 2018 signed into law the First Step Act, a bipartisan measure reducing mandatory-minimum sentences, expanding drug treatment programs for prisoners and allowing some prisoners to finish their sentences early with good behavior.

Trump also has supported some tough-on-crime policies that disproportionately affect minorities, including seeking to restart executions of federal death row inmates.

Biden wants to eliminate the death penalty, solitary confinement and jailing accused criminals until they pay a cash bail. He has pledged $20 billion in grants for states to reduce social ills like illiteracy and child abuse in exchange for scaling back mandatory-minimum sentences.

Trump often touts Black unemployment, which hit the lowest levels on record before the coronavirus pandemic, when talking about his policies on race.

Biden has called for laws making it easier to sue over wage discrimination. He would create new fair-lending and fair-housing protections, provide $300 million in grants to cities that reduce discriminatory zoning regulations and create a task force to address why Black people disproportionately die from COVID-19. He also would have a group study the feasibility of paying cash reparations to Black people as a result of slavery and segregation.

Both candidates have voiced support for historically Black colleges and universities (HBCUs). Trump signed a law that the White House said made $255 million in funding for the institutions permanent and increased money for the federal Pell Grant program. The administration also touts a relaunched HBCU Capital Finance Board, legislation adding money for scholarships and research at HBCUs, and forgiving $322 million in disaster loans to four such institutions in 2018.

Bidens plan making public colleges and universities tuition-free to most students would apply to public HBCUs, and he would also invest more than $70 billion in the schools to start research institutes and for tuition support.

Reporting by Trevor Hunnicutt in New York and Jeff Mason in Washington, Editing by Soyoung Kim and Diane Craft

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Factbox: Trump and Biden divided on race, criminal justice policies - Reuters

Leicester fashion expert calls on shoppers to stop buying ‘cheap throwaway clothes’ – Leicestershire Live

A Leicester fashion expert has called on shoppers to take more responsibility in choosing the clothes they buy.

Shirley Yanez, who runs a pre-loved shop and also sells new clothes made in Leicester, spoke out after police and government anti-slavery officials launched a major investigation into working conditions at clothing factories in the city.

The probe followed reports that some workers in the trade were being exploited and paid as little as 3.50 an hour.

People as consumers have to take some degree of personal responsibility in this matter, she said.

Shoppers need to think long and hard about how a top or a pair of leggings that costs them a few pounds can be made for that very low price.

Surely they most know that there is a possibility that someone somewhere has suffered or been exploited in some way to produce the item, for that price.

That is what fast fashion gives the consumer. Very cheap throwaway clothes that cost very little but at what human price? We need people to make a change. We need them to stop buying cheap throwaway clothes which only end up in a landfill site anyway."

Shirley is the boss of Venus Cow Ltd and runs her pre-loved designer label clothing shop in Francis Street, Stoneygate, and sells newly-made clothes online.

We have our leggings and other cotton staple products manufactured ethically on Saffron Lane in Leicester, she said.

We are proud to say that our Perfect Black Leggings cost 8 to produce and we sell them for 30. There needs to be more transparency like this in the business. Proper honest accountability.

We need the same sort of movement in fashion that we have seen in the food industry. There consumers rightly demanded to know who has produced their food and where it has been produced.

The Gangmasters and Labour Abuse Authority (GLAA) said it has found no evidence of modern slavery in visits it has made to Leicester textile firms in the past week.

The Government anti-slavery agency is one of the bodies investigating conditions in some of the 1,000 plus garment manufacturers in the city.

It follows reports that some workers in the trade were being exploited and paid as little as 3.50 an hour - below the minimum wage.

In a statement, the GLAA said it has been working to ensure that regulations are being followed in factories in Leicester during the coronavirus pandemic.

A spokesperson said: It follows concerns about how some businesses in the city have been operating before and during the localised lockdown introduced by the government at the end of June.

Multi-agency visits involving officers from the GLAA, Leicestershire Police, Leicester City Council, National Crime Agency (NCA), Health and Safety Executive, Leicestershire Fire and Rescue and Immigration Enforcement have been carried out over the last week.

Officers from the different agencies spoke to business owners and workers to discuss concerns and provide advice around how protect workplaces from the risk of coronavirus. Further visits will be carried out in the coming weeks.

The GLAA said no enforcement has been used during the visits and officers have not at this stage identified any offences under the Modern Slavery Act 2015.

The National Crime Agency says it will pursue offenders and protect victims in its investigation into modern slavery in Leicesters textile trade.

We can confirm that it has received information regarding allegations of modern slavery and exploitation in the textile industry in Leicester," said an NCA spokesman.

Tackling modern slavery is one of our highest priorities, and we are committed to working with partners across law enforcement, the private, public and charity sector to pursue offenders and protect victims wherever they may be.

The HSE has however said it issued an improvement notice to a factory that was found not to working in Covid-secure conditions and is investigating two others.

Management at the Boohoo fashion giant have said they are grateful to the Sunday Times for highlighting alleged sweatshop conditions at a Leicester factory apparently making items for it.

The Manchester-based online retailer has been hit by suggestions that suppliers to it in Leicester were paying workers below the minimum wage - and making staff work through the lockdown.

Leicester retail giant Next and Asos have dropped Boohoo clothes from their websites.

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Leicester fashion expert calls on shoppers to stop buying 'cheap throwaway clothes' - Leicestershire Live

Seven ways to help garment workers – The Guardian

Garment workers around the world experience low wages and exploitation. This is nothing new, but Jessica Simor QC, a barrister at Matrix chambers who has worked extensively on issues of fair pay and human rights in fashion, says: Covid has thrown a much brighter light on the inequity of the whole system. [It] has exposed the incredible imbalance between the worker, the factory owner and the retailer the biggest force lying with the retailer.

The Covid-19 pandemic has created fresh injustices. Throughout lockdown, garment workers in countries such as Bangladesh, Cambodia and Vietnam have faced destitution and starvation as big-name fashion retailers have cancelled 20bn in orders. A lot of these fast fashion companies have pulled contracts where fabric has been ordered, received, cut and sewn, said Raakhi Shah, CEO of the Circle, at an emergency panel the not-for-proft organisation held this week on fast fashion and slavery. The brands havent fulfilled their side of the agreement. And these thousands of garment workers have been left destitute.

In Leicester, where exploitation has been known about for years, the context of the coronavirus has refocused attention on garment workers forced to work throughout lockdown, despite high levels of infection.

It is easy to feel helpless but, says Shah: There are lots of ways that you can make a difference around this.

Speaking of whether change is possible to what, at times, seems an intractable problem, the Circles founder, Annie Lennox (formerly the Eurythmics frontwoman), dialling in from Los Angeles, said: Its like climbing a mountain, its not going to be overnight, but it is possible.

Some things, such as donating to funds for garment workers facing destitution, can make an immediate difference. Others involve collective action and require longer term, structural change.

Throughout the pandemic, organisations such as the Clean Clothes Campaign, Labour Behind the Label and Remake have put pressure on brands to pay factories for cancelled orders. Some brands have paid, some have refused to pay and some, according to the environmental journalist Lucy Siegle, who chaired the panel, are saying that they have, [but] they havent quite in the way that we need them to, for instance delaying payments or paying for parts of orders but not others.

Expecting factories to foot this bill when factories dont necessarily have any accumulated wealth is outrageous, says Siegle.

The Worker Rights Consortium (WRC) has created a tracker to show which brands have paid in full and which havent. It gets its intelligence from factories and workers, says Siegle, and is a good way to put pressure on those companies that have yet to pay up. Primark, for instance, according to WRC, pledged to pay for about $460m in orders it had previously cancelled, but did not, however, disclose what percentage of its total unpaid commitments this figure represents. C&A, which reinstated some orders after initially cancelling them, is delaying delivery and payment for as long as a year on some of the orders it has nominally reinstated.

Individual action needs to feed into structural reform, says Siegle, who suggests people should join Labour Behind the Label or support the Clean Clothes Campaign. She also advises emailing brands to call on them to pay up. Remake has a #PayUp petition calling on brands to pay suppliers, in full and in a timely manner, for all orders that were paused or cancelled because of the pandemic each time the petition is signed, executives from the brands who have not paid receive an email notification.

The Circle launched a fund, called The Women and Girls Solidarity Fund, which is supporting female garment workers 80% of the workforce are women at the start of lockdown. These women are often the sole breadwinners for their families and the fund provides them with emergency food packages and supplies such as face masks and soap.

Just 20 buys a food parcel and they have already managed to help thousands of families. While Shah calls the Circles emergency fund a sticking plaster in the short term, it is vital, given that, without it, many garment workers might have faced starvation.

Remake also has a number of funds it has set up to allow people to donate to garment workers in Bangladesh, Sri Lanka and Los Angeles.

Time and again fast fashion brands defend their actions by saying its what the consumer wants. Shah says those with purchasing power should be at the forefront now.

One way to disrupt the system is by voting with your wallet. Speaking at the panel, Livia Firth, the founder of Eco-Age, says consumers actions can send a strong message. Only by slowing down will we send a very strong signal that we are not going on like we have for the last 20 years. Lets show them that the consumer doesnt want it.

Siegle, though, believes the situation has gone beyond advising people how to shop more responsibly: This is an emergency, she says. She thinks individuals should question their stance. Whether its about warehouse staff in the UK or garment workers in Bangladesh or Leicester, its about who you stand with. A lot of people are so loyal to brands and are always giving them the benefit of the doubt. [The brands] are not going to change. Go and stand alongside the garment workers and warehouse staff, the workers in Leicester who have been denied union representation for years, not just now.

She says people need to be more informed: If you usually spend a portion of your day on social media looking at clothes on Pretty Little Thing or Boohoo, could you devote some of that time to reading the Clean Clothes campaign liveblog and might that cause a liberation and cognitive shift?

The long-term work needs to be on structural reform and holding these brands and retailers to account, says Siegle.

She advises going back and reading reports, from those by the Circle on the living wage to the Environmental Audit Committees 2019 report Fixing Fashion, none of the recommendations of which, including a suggested 1p per garment levy to tackle fast fashion, were taken up. Why werent those recommendations taken up? asks Siegle. We need to demand that they are.

Referring to Leicester, she says: These are illegal working practices and you have a right to contact your MP and call for a transparent inquiry into working practices around fast fashion companies.

Simors concern now is that criminal proceedings follow holding those responsible who should be held responsible. She is concerned that the victims will be further victimised and we will end up with the victims suffering more because it is quite possible that a number of them were here unlawfully, were trafficked or were asylum seekers. It is important, she says, that we keep an eye on this story.

What has happened in Leicester is shocking, and there are hopes that the reaction to the exploitation of workers there may have some positive knock-on effects for how we react to abuses of those working in the garment industry around the world.

Its always a bit shocking when this race to the bottom happens in our context, says Firth. We always consider the lives of people close to us more precious than the lives of those in far away countries.

As Siegle puts it: Even out your response to it. It might sound obvious, but its about having the same outrage for what is happening to those making clothes for fast fashion in Cambodia or Pakistan as those in Leicester.

Simor wants us to take note of the use by Priti Patel of the word slavery in reference to exploitation in Leicester. It is extremely important, she says, that the home secretary has used the word slavery about these practices. If the home secretary is willing to recognise this as slavery in Leicester, then the question arises as to how this can be acceptable anywhere in the world? Thats something that has to be challenged and we have to take ministers on.

Obviously, UK laws apply in Leicester, but in other countries where garments are being produced for consumers in the west, the UK has no jurisdiction. But, says Simor: We need corporate responsibility to extend to where products are made. We have to somehow come up with some kind of controls within our jurisdiction that have an impact on those other jurisdictions.

She cites cases of the EU legislating for actions and inactions outside of the EU, such as those involving conflict diamonds, data breaches, bribery and even the food supply chain.

Most of those areas are simply concerned with money or data and what were saying is theres no reason you cant extend those ideas and principles to human beings, she says. While she is working on a project to develop law that takes some of the ideas from those bits of legislation and apply them to wage laws, EU law isnt necessarily something individuals can have an impact on.

What individual action needs to do, says Siegle, is feed into structural reform its the same as climate. For starters, we can be more aware: Its great if someone wants to inform themselves and if they want to become a barrister, that would be great!

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Seven ways to help garment workers - The Guardian