Hwy 42 widening project nearing completion after over 6 years, Ascension officials say – WBRZ

ASCENSION PARISH- A highway widening project that started in March of 2014 is nearing completion over six years later, according to Ascension Parish officials.

Parish President Clint Cointment requested a status update from LA DOTD on the long-awaited improvements to Highway 42. He says work on the roadway has gone on "for a long time."

"Highway 42 is a major east-west thoroughfare for us," Cointment said. Work has been going on for a long time, and planning has gone on even longer. I wanted to find out where things stood.

The state claims the project is expected to have all lanes of traffic open by the end of the year, according to a news release from Ascension Parish's government on Wednesday. Originally, this completion was projected by Thanksgiving of 2020, however, coronavirus-related shutdowns changed that outcome.

The contractor is on schedule for opening all lanes of travel in late December of 2020, barring any other delays due to unforeseen circumstances.

Once the project is complete, the highway will have curbs, sidewalks, and two travel lanes in both directions. In addition, all travel lanes should be 11 feet wide with a center median island.

As of now, crews are working on curbs near Rouses and progressing eastward. The outside curb work is near Manchac Acres, Muddy Creek to John Broussard Road, and LA 44. Once the curbing is installed, the paving operation will begin applying approximately 15 inches of asphalt, the parish says.

Ascension Parish officials say the lanes on LA 42 may appear narrower or the drainage seems substandard, but the contractor is forming the required combination curb and gutter, then filling the roadway.

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Hwy 42 widening project nearing completion after over 6 years, Ascension officials say - WBRZ

Two years ago, the Wombats brought home a state title – Weekly Citizen

If there's one thing you can count on every summer in Ascension it's the widespread success of the parish's American Legion baseball team, the Gauthier & Amedee Wombats.

If theres one thing you can count on every summer in Ascension its the widespread success of the parishs American Legion baseball team, the Gauthier & Amedee Wombats.

Theyre having another tremendous season in 2020. It brings up memories of 2018, when the Wombats won their first state title in five years.

The two-year anniversary of that state title win is just around the corner. They won the championship on July 11, 2018. Here is the article the Weekly Citizen published on the occasion:

Wombats take American Legion state championship

Two out of three aint bad. In fact, its pretty great.

Ascensions Gauthier & Amedee American Legion baseball team was hungry for their first state title in five years, but to win it, they had to go through a Jesuit-based Retif Oil squad. The Wombats took two of the three matchups

They earned the second victory in style, as they turned a tight 2-1 contest into a 9-1 laugher courtesy of a six-run fourth inning.

Gauthier & Amedee came into the state tournament in New Orleans as one of the prohibitive favorites. They only lost two regular-season games, and they completed their schedule with a six-game winning streak.

After defeating Refuel in the opener, the Wombats met Retif Oil for the first time all season.

Gauthier & Amedee came from behind to defeat the Oilers, 6-4. Dutchtowns Brayden Caskey supplied a two-RBI single in the fifth inning that proved to be the difference.

From there, the Wombats crushed Best Chevrolet (De La Salle), 16-2, and then squeaked by St. Landry, 7-6, in the semifinals.

The victory finally got them over the hump and set up a championship matchup against Retif Oil.

Just one victory away from a state title, Gauthier & Amedee fell short against the Oilers in the first game last Wednesday evening.

The Wombats fell into a hole right from the start.

Retifs Will Moran was hit by a pitch to lead off the the top of the first, and he was joined on base by Seth Dardar following a walk.

Brian Valigosky then came through with an RBI single, and Zack Casbonne drove in another run with a sacrifice to give the Oilers a 2-0 lead.

They added another run in the top of the sixth, before the Wombats finally got on the scoreboard.

At the bottom of the inning, Dutchtowns Jordan Badame drove in East Ascensions Carson Dabadie with a double.

However, Gauthier & Amedee would not score another run.

Retif put the game away in the seventh with a score of their own. The 4-1 victory forced a winner-take-all game between the two.

In the loss, Badame and Dabadie combined for four hits, but the rest of the Wombats were limited to just three..

Ace Dwain Guice (St. Amant) had been nearly unhittable all summer, but the Oilers got to him on Wednesday evening. In six complete innings, they produced five hits and four runs against him.

But the loss didnt discourage the Wombats.

In the next game, they were the team that jumped out in front 2-0.

In the bottom of the second, Retif committed back-to-back errors. This allowed Dabadie to score. East Ascensions Preston Thrash then came up with an RBI single.

The Oilers cut the Wombat lead in half in the third, but Gauthier & Amedee responded with the knockout punch in the bottom of the fourth.

Dutchtowns Layton Lee reached base on an error to begin the frame. He was joined by Dabadie following a walk.

Thrash came up big once again. His triple brought both runners home. Thrash then scored on yet another Oiler error.

Caskey walked, and Ascension Cahtolics William Dunn joined him on base with a single. Both players then scored on a base hit by St. Amants Zane Zeppuhar.

The Wombat flurry finally ended with an RBI single by St. Amants Reed Babin.

Gauthier & Amedee added an insurance run in the sixth after Thrash scored on a passed ball.

The 9-1 victory awarded the Wombats their first state championship since 2013. It was also their first under second-year head coach Marty Luquet.

Its the franchises eighth state championship, dating back to All-Star Ford.

In the title win, Thrash led the way as he went 2-2 with three RBIs and a walk. He also scored two runs, and he closed out the game from the moundpitching two scoreless innings with five strikeouts.

Dutchtowns Jack Merrifield earned the victory from the bump as he pitched five complete innings in which he surrendered just three hits and one run. He struck out four.

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Two years ago, the Wombats brought home a state title - Weekly Citizen

Williamson Medical Center, Ascension Saint Thomas West, and Maury Regional Health have the best value outcomes for Heart Failure in Columbia, TN – PR…

Dexurs value analysis tracks a patients episode of care from the date of admission for 90 days and includes the index hospitalization, rehospitalization, home health, nursing home, and ED costs.

NEW YORK (PRWEB) July 14, 2020

Dexurs analysis of medicare claims of hospitals within a 50-mile radius of Columbia, TN, showed that Williamson Medical Center, Ascension Saint Thomas West, and Maury Regional Health had the best value outcomes over a 90 day episode for Heart Failure. Dexurs value analysis tracks a patients episode of care from the date of admission for 90 days and includes the index hospitalizations, rehospitalization, home health, nursing home, and ED costs. Total cost of care data helps patients make appropriate choices and helps local ACOs, such as Maury Regional Health Network, LLC, make appropriate referral choices. The analysis was risk-adjusted, for alive and non-hospice patients and was done at the DRG level, specifically DRG 291: Heart Failure and Shock with Major Complication or Comorbidity (MCC), to adjust for complications and comorbidities.

Williamson Medical Centers total cost of care over a 90 day episode was $21,443 (for the period between July 2016 and June 2019). The index hospitalization cost was $7,988 and the average rehospitalization cost per hospitalization was $7,291. The cost per rehospitalization was at an average of $16,371. Meanwhile, the average ED costs per hospitalization (when ED is involved) was $638.

Ascension Saint Thomas Wests total cost of care over a 90 day episode was $22,443 (for the period between July 2016 and June 2019). The index hospitalization cost was $8,547 and the average rehospitalization cost per hospitalization was $8,451. The cost per rehospitalization was at an average of $18,693. Meanwhile, the average ED costs per hospitalization (when ED is involved) was $976.

Maury Regional Healths total cost of care over a 90 day episode was $22,514 (for the period between July 2016 and June 2019). The index hospitalization cost was $8,150 and the average rehospitalization cost per hospitalization was $8,623. The cost per rehospitalization was at an average of $19,952. Meanwhile, the average ED costs per hospitalization (when ED is involved) was $1,043.

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Williamson Medical Center, Ascension Saint Thomas West, and Maury Regional Health have the best value outcomes for Heart Failure in Columbia, TN - PR...

Vital Clues to Unsolved Mysteries in Astrophysics Including Expansion of the Universe From Colliding Neutron Stars – SciTechDaily

An important breakthrough in how we can understand dead star collisions and the expansion of the Universe has been made by an international team, led by the University of East Anglia. They have discovered an unusual pulsar one of deep spaces magnetized spinning neutron-star lighthouses that emits highly focused radio waves from its magnetic poles. The newly discovered pulsar (known as PSR J1913+1102) is part of a binary system which means that it is locked in a fiercely tight orbit with another neutron star. Neutron stars are the dead stellar remnants of a supernova. They are made up of the most dense matter known packing hundreds of thousands of times the Earths mass into a sphere the size of a city. In around half a billion years the two neutron stars will collide, releasing astonishing amounts of energy in the form of gravitational waves and light. But the newly discovered pulsar is unusual because the masses of its two neutron stars are quite different with one far larger than the other. This asymmetric system gives scientists confidence that double neutron star mergers will provide vital clues about unsolved mysteries in astrophysics including a more accurate determination of the expansion rate of the Universe, known as the Hubble constant. The discovery, published in the journal Nature, was made using the Arecibo radio telescope in Puerto Rico. Credit: Courtesy of Arecibo Observatory/University of Central Florida William Gonzalez and Andy Torres.

An important breakthrough in how we can understand dead star collisions and the expansion of the Universe has been made by an international team, led by the University of East Anglia.

They have discovered an unusual pulsar one of deep spaces magnetized spinning neutron-star lighthouses that emits highly focused radio waves from its magnetic poles.

The newly discovered pulsar (known as PSR J1913+1102) is part of a binary system which means that it is locked in a fiercely tight orbit with another neutron star.

The event caused gravitational-wave ripples through the fabric of space time, as predicted by Albert Einstein over a century ago.

Neutron stars are the dead stellar remnants of a supernova. They are made up of the most dense matter known packing hundreds of thousands of times the Earths mass into a sphere the size of a city.

In around half a billion years the two neutron stars will collide, releasing astonishing amounts of energy in the form of gravitational waves and light.

But the newly discovered pulsar is unusual because the masses of its two neutron stars are quite different with one far larger than the other.

This asymmetric system gives scientists confidence that double neutron star mergers will provide vital clues about unsolved mysteries in astrophysics including a more accurate determination of the expansion rate of the Universe, known as the Hubble constant.

The discovery, published today (July 8, 2020) in the journal Nature, was made using the Arecibo radio telescope in Puerto Rico.

Lead researcher Dr. Robert Ferdman, from UEAs School of Physics, said: Back in 2017, scientists at the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO) first detected the merger of two neutron stars. The event caused gravitational-wave ripples through the fabric of space time, as predicted by Albert Einstein over a century ago.

Known as GW170817, this spectacular event was also seen with traditional telescopes at observatories around the world, which identified its location in a distant galaxy, 130 million light years from our own Milky Way.

Dr. Ferdman said: It confirmed that the phenomenon of short gamma-ray bursts was due to the merger of two neutron stars. And these are now thought to be the factories that produce most of the heaviest elements in the Universe, such as gold.

The power released during the fraction of a second when two neutron stars merge is enormous estimated to be tens of times larger than all stars in the Universe combined.

This matter is still a major mystery its so dense that scientists still dont know what it is actually made of. These densities are far beyond what we can reproduce in Earth-based laboratories.

So the GW170817 event was not surprising. But the enormous amount of matter ejected from the merger and its brightness was an unexpected mystery.

Dr. Ferdman said: Most theories about this event assumed that neutron stars locked in binary systems are very similar in mass.

Our new discovery changes these assumptions. We have uncovered a binary system containing two neutron stars with very different masses.

These stars will collide and merge in around 470 million years, which seems like a long time, but it is only a small fraction of the age of the Universe.

Because one neutron star is significantly larger, its gravitational influence will distort the shape of its companion star stripping away large amounts of matter just before they actually merge, and potentially disrupting it altogether.

This tidal disruption ejects a larger amount of hot material than expected for equal-mass binary systems, resulting in a more powerful emission.

Although GW170817 can be explained by other theories, we can confirm that a parent system of neutron stars with significantly different masses, similar to the PSR J1913+1102 system, is a very plausible explanation.

Perhaps more importantly, the discovery highlights that there are many more of these systems out there making up more than one in 10 merging double neutron star binaries.

Co-author Dr. Paulo Freire from the Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy in Bonn, Germany, said: Such a disruption would allow astrophysicists to gain important new clues about the exotic matter that makes up the interiors of these extreme, dense objects.

This matter is still a major mystery its so dense that scientists still dont know what it is actually made of. These densities are far beyond what we can reproduce in Earth-based laboratories.

The disruption of the lighter neutron star would also enhance the brightness of the material ejected by the merger. This means that along with gravitational-wave detectors such as the US-based LIGO and the Europe-based Virgo detector, scientists will also be able to observe them with conventional telescopes.

Dr. Ferdman said: Excitingly, this may also allow for a completely independent measurement of the Hubble constant the rate at which the Universe is expanding. The two main methods for doing this are currently at odds with each other, so this is a crucial way to break the deadlock and understand in more detail how the Universe evolved.

###

Reference: Asymmetric mass ratios for bright double neutron-star mergers by R. D. Ferdman, P. C. C. Freire, B. B. P. Perera, N. Pol, F. Camilo, S. Chatterjee, J. M. Cordes, F. Crawford, J. W. T. Hessels, V. M. Kaspi, M. A. McLaughlin, E. Parent, I. H. Stairs and J. van Leeuwen, 8 July 2020, Nature.DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2439-x

The research was led by UEA in collaboration with scientists at Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy in Bonn, the Arecibo Observatory in Puerto Rico, Columbia University, Cornell University, Franklin and Marshall College, the University of Amsterdam, McGill University, West Virginia University, the University of British Columbia, the South African Radio Astronomy Observatory and the Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON).

Asymmetric mass ratios for bright double neutron-star mergers is published in the journalNatureon July 8, 2020.

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Vital Clues to Unsolved Mysteries in Astrophysics Including Expansion of the Universe From Colliding Neutron Stars - SciTechDaily

Astronomers witness ‘teenage’ years of our universe in explosion – Gwinnettdailypost.com

The afterglow of an explosion billions of light-years away has provided astronomers with a window into what the "teenage" years of our universe may have looked like, according to a new study.

Astronomers detected the afterglow of a short gamma ray burst 10 billion light-years away. This is considered a rare event because afterglows of these short bursts are both fast and faint and can disappear hours later.

They have named the burst SGRB181123B, which occurred about 3.8 billion years after the Big Bang. It's the second most-distant short gamma ray burst, known as an SGRB, ever detected and the most distant to have a visible afterglow.

"This SGRB essentially allows us to explore 'terra incognita,' " said Wen-fai Fong, senior study author and assistant professor of physics and astronomy in Northwestern University's Weinberg College of Arts and Sciences, in an email.

"They are extremely hard to find (because they are so distant, they are also fainter which makes them even more difficult to catch) and therefore we do not know the true rates of SGRBs during this period of the universe," Fong said.

"SGRBs originate from the mergers of two neutron stars, and it is of great interest to understand when neutron star mergers happen in our universe, and how long they take to merge," she said.

Short gamma ray bursts are incredibly energetic and bright, occurring when the dense remains of exploded stars, called neutron stars, collide. The merging of the two neutron stars releases short bursts of gamma rays, which are the most energetic form of light.

On average, astronomers can hope to detect fewer than than 10 short gamma ray bursts in a year that are close enough for them to conduct follow-up observations using telescopes. But their afterglows fade away after a few hours, meaning that it's rare for astronomers to actually observe them in any detail.

"We believe we are uncovering the tip of the iceberg in terms of distant SGRBs," said Kerry Paterson, lead study author and postdoctoral associate in Northwestern's Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics, in a statement. "That motivates us to further study past events and intensely examine future ones."

NASA's Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory detected the event on Thanksgiving inight n November 2018. A group of astronomers at Northwestern University was able to gain remote access of the Gemini Observatory's Gemini-North telescope and measure the afterglow of the burst only hours later. The telescope is located on Mauna Kea in Hawaii.

The quest for these bursts is a labor of love that requires teamwork.

Fong was asleep after a Thanksgiving dinner with her family in New York, but Paterson was observing using the W.M. Keck Observatory in Hawaii. Together, they were able to point both Keck and remotely initiate observations through Gemini-North the evening the burst was detected.

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"I love gamma-ray bursts because they evolve on human timescales," Fong said. "From the time you eat lunch to the time you eat dinner on the same day, the GRB afterglow has been evolving, fading in brightness on minute/hour timescales.

"Once they're detected, you really want to capture every moment that you can with them!" she said. "The human element of this particular burst was unreal to me and a great example of teamwork. If you had to do it all on your own, you would never sleep."

"We were able to obtain deep observations of the burst mere hours after its discovery," Paterson said. "The Gemini images were very sharp, allowing us to pinpoint the location to a specific galaxy in the universe."

Follow-up observations were conducted using the Gemini-South telescope in Chile, the W.M. Keck Observatory in Hawaii and the MMT Observatory in Arizona. The Gemini-South telescope has a near-infrared spectrography which allows it measure in more red wavelengths and to peer into the distant universe.

That's when the researchers discovered the great distance of the burst's host galaxy and realized they had detected a very distant short gamma ray burst's afterglow.

"It is not easy to ask a large telescope to move quickly," Fong said. "But in the game of GRBs, you will never know what you missed until you react quickly, point the telescopes and take images. This SGRB shows that it was definitely worth pointing!"

This particular burst occurred when the universe was 30% of its current age, which is estimated to be 13.8 billion years old. This adolescent time period of the universe is also referred to the researchers as "cosmic high noon."

"The farther out into the universe you go, the farther back in time you are looking," Fong said.

By studying the afterglow of the burst, they could understand what neutron star mergers were like in the young universe. This was the peak of star formation in the history of the universe. Today, it's "rather quiet," Fong said.

At the time of this burst, there was a lot of activity occurring in the universe, including rapid star formation and the quick growth of galaxies. In order for this neutron star merger to occur, that means the pair of stars orbiting each other that created them -- or binary stars -- needed to grow to their massive size and evolve until they died.

"It's long been unknown how long neutron stars in particular those that produce SGRBs take to merge," Fong said. "Finding an SGRB at this point in the universe's history suggests that, at a time when the universe was forming lots of stars, the neutron star pair may have merged fairly rapidly."

Fong said that the fact that they can count the number of short GRBs at these distances on one hand after 16 years of Swift operations, reveals how difficult these detections truly are.

But the researchers are motivated to continue their search for these bursts since they don't know when they'll discover something like this, Fong said.

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Astronomers witness 'teenage' years of our universe in explosion - Gwinnettdailypost.com

Once-in-a-lifetime comet will be visible over New England this month, astronomers say – The Boston Globe

Residents across New England have a chance this month to spot an incredibly bright comet as it passes by Earth the last time it will be visible from the planet for 6,800 years, astronomers said.

The comet, named NEOWISE after the mission that discovered it, is one of only a few comets that will be able to be seen with the naked eye this century, according to a statement from NASA.

NASAs Near-Earth Object Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer first detected the comet on March 27, NASA said. Since then, people across the globe have repeatedly seen NEOWISE soar across the sky.

Federica Spoto, an astronomer at the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, said comets that can be seen with just the human eye or with a pair of binoculars, like NEOWISE, are rare. Astronomers havent observed a comet this bright since 1997, when Comet Hale-Bopp passed by Earth, Spoto said.

Im excited because this will be my once-in-a-lifetime possibility of seeing this comet with my naked eye, Spoto said. I think thats great that we can witness its long voyage. And its amazing that I can see this from my backyard without the use of a telescope.

The comet is 64 million miles away from Earth and is roughly 4.6 billion years old, about the age of the solar system, according to NASA.

It looks like the comet nucleus is sooty and covered by dark particles left over from its formation, Spoto said. I love the fact that studying these objects is like going back in time, when everything formed from dust and particles.

The comet will be closest to Earth on July 22 as it heads toward the outer solar system. But its already visible from New England this week, Spoto said. NEOWISE is visible for about an hour before sunrise close to the horizon in the northeastern sky, and it can also be spotted after sunset in the northwestern horizon.

NEOWISE is viewed best away from city lights. But because this comet is so bright, Jonathan McDowell, an astronomer at the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, said residents in the city could get a glimpse of it, too.

You should be able to make it out from Boston, but itll look much bigger and more spectacular if you can see the fainter outer parts of the tail, and that needs dark skies out in the country, McDowell said.

While scientists discover dozens of comets each year, most are far away and hard to see, he said.

Its exciting that this is one that is easily visible, McDowell said. Thatll also make it easier for scientists to study for example, measuring the light from it to find out what its chemical composition is.

Caroline Enos can be reached at caroline.enos@globe.com. Follow her on Twitter @CarolineEnos.

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Once-in-a-lifetime comet will be visible over New England this month, astronomers say - The Boston Globe

‘Disk Detective’ Needs Your Help Finding Disks Where Planets Form – Jet Propulsion Laboratory

Members of the public can help scientists learn how planets form by sifting through data from NASA's WISE mission, managed by the agency's Jet Propulsion Laboratory.

Planets form from gas and dustparticles swirling around baby stars in enormous spinning disks. But because thisprocess takes millions of years, scientists can only learn about these disks byfinding and studying a lot of different examples.

Through a project called Disk Detective, you can help. Anyone, regardless of background or prior knowledge,can assist scientists in figuring out the mysteries of planet formation. Disk Detectiveis an example of citizen science, a collaboration between professionalscientists and members of the public.

"We're trying to understandhow long it takes for planets to form," said astrophysicist Marc Kuchner, theDisk Detective project lead at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt,Maryland, and the Citizen Science Officer for NASA's Science Mission Directorate."Tracing the evolution of these disks is the main way that we know how longplanet formation takes."

Disk Detective has just relaunchedwith a new website and a new dataset of about 150,000 stars. This new version ofthe project focuses on M dwarfs, which represent the most common type of star inthe Milky Way galaxy. It also concentrates on brown dwarfs, which are balls of gasthat don't burn hydrogen the way stars do and often more closely resemble giantplanets like Jupiter.

After reading the instructions,participants can start identifying disks right away in Disk Detective. The interfacepresents a series of real astronomical images and asks visitors questions that willhelp determine more definitively if a disk is present. The images come from NASA'sWide-Field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE), which now operates as NEOWISE, as well as theground-based Panoramic Survey Telescope and Rapid Response System (Pan-STARRS) inHawaii and the NASA-funded Two Micron All-Sky Survey (2MASS), which operated from1997 to 2001.

"We have multiple citizenscientists look at each object, give their own independent opinion, and trust thewisdom of the crowd to decide what things are probably galaxies and what thingsare probably stars with disks around them," said Disk Detective's director,Steven Silverberg, a postdoctoral researcher at Massachusetts Institute of Technology'sKavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research.

Advanced users learn more aboutthe objects they're studying using professional data archives. Those who contributesubstantial insight receive credit on scientific papers describing the discoveriesmade through Disk Detective's efforts. Professional scientists then follow up oncitizen scientists' input using more sophisticated tools and new observations. Fifteencitizen scientists have already become named co-authors on peer-reviewed scientificpapers through Disk Detective.

One enthusiastic Disk Detective"superuser" is Hugo Durantini Luca, a computer technician in Crdoba,Argentina. He began classifying disks with the project in 2014 and since then hastaken on additional responsibilities: writing tutorials, moderating discussions,and even helping use telescopes in South America to follow up on interesting targets.While he became involved because of his interest in detecting planetary systemsand analyzing images, he says he highly values "the way you are able to workwith the science team directly." He is in frequent communication with Kuchnerand other professional astronomers, and he participates in a weekly video call forsuperusers.

"I think we are going tohave an interesting new season," Durantini Luca said. "The new way weare processing the data will allow us to analyze the image[s] with better detail."

Citizen scientists at Disk Detectivemade an important discovery in 2016: a new class of disks, called Peter Pan disks. Most disks around young, low-massstars should lose their gas, due to planet formation and natural dissipation intospace, after 5 million years. Yet Disk Detective citizen scientists discovered adisk with plenty of gas orbiting a star that is roughly 45 million years old.

Since then, seven similar mysteriouslyyoung-looking disks have been found, each at least 20 million years old. Scientistsare still puzzling out why planet formation goes on for so long in these disks.They predict that citizen scientists may find as many as 15 new Peter Pan disksthrough the newly revamped Disk Detective.

"To figure out how disksevolve, we need a big sample of different kinds of disks of different ages,"Kuchner said.

More recently, Disk Detective'sefforts resulted in a discovery announced on June 2 at the American AstronomicalSociety's (AAS) 236th meeting, which was held virtually. With the help of citizenscientists, astronomers identified the closest young brown dwarf disk yet, one thatmay have the capability to form planets. This 3.7-million-year-old brown dwarf,called W1200-7845, is about 333 light-years away. A light-year is the distance lighttravels in one year; the closest star beyond the Sun is over 4 light-years away.

"There are not many examplesof young brown dwarfs so close to the Sun, so W1200-7845 is an exciting discovery,"said Maria Schutte, a predoctoral graduate student at the University of Oklahoma,who led the study and presented the findings at the AAS meeting. Durantini Lucaand other citizen scientists were included as coauthors.

Since the last Disk Detectivedata release, ESA's (European Space Agency's) Gaia satellite has delivered an unprecedentedbounty of information about the locations, movements, and types of stars in theMilky Way. The Disk Detective science team used the new data from Gaia to identifyM dwarfs of interest to the project. A second improvement to the project is thatthe new images from the surveys listed above have higher resolution than the previousbatch of data, making more background objects visible.

"NASA needs your help,"Kuchner said. "Come discover these disks with us!"

About Disk Detective

Disk Detective is a NASA-fundedcitizen science project that is part of the NASA-sponsored Zooniverse citizen scienceplatform.

Check out the revamped Disk Detectiveproject at:

https://diskdetective.org

Learn more about NASA CitizenScience at:

https://science.nasa.gov/citizenscience

AboutWISE and NEOWISE

NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratoryin Southern California managed and operated WISE for NASA's Science Mission Directoratefrom 2009 to 2011. Edward Wright at the University of California, Los Angeles wasthe principal investigator. The mission was selected competitively under NASA'sExplorers Program managed by the agency's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt,Maryland. In late 2013, the spacecraft was reactivated and renamed NEOWISE.

For more informationabout NEOWISE, visit:

https://www.nasa.gov/neowise

http://neowise.ipac.caltech.edu/

For more informationabout WISE, visit:

http://www.nasa.gov/wise

https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/wise/

News Media Contact

Elizabeth Landau NASA Headquarters 202-923-0167 elandau@nasa.gov

2020-137

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'Disk Detective' Needs Your Help Finding Disks Where Planets Form - Jet Propulsion Laboratory

Predicting fate of planetary systems, AI solves calculations that astronomers since Newton have struggled with – DNA India

Rejecting the large range of unstable possibilities -- all the configurations that would lead to collisions -- would leave behind a sharper view of planetary systems around other stars, but it's not as easy as it sounds.

"Separating the stable from the unstable configurations turns out to be a fascinating and brutally hard problem," said Daniel Tamayo, a NASA Hubble Fellowship Program Sagan Fellow in astrophysical sciences at Princeton.

To make sure a planetary system is stable, astronomers need to calculate the motions of multiple interacting planets over billions of years and check each possible configuration for stability -- a computationally prohibitive undertaking.

Astronomers since Isaac Newton have wrestled with the problem of orbital stability, but while the struggle contributed to many mathematical revolutions, including calculus and chaos theory, no one has found a way to predict stable configurations theoretically.

Modern astronomers still have to 'brute-force' the calculations, albeit with supercomputers instead of abaci or slide rules.

Tamayo and his colleagues realized that they could accelerate the process by combining simplified models of planets' dynamical interactions with machine learning methods.

This allows the elimination of huge swaths of unstable orbital configurations quickly -- calculations that would have taken tens of thousands of hours can now be done in minutes.

He is the lead author on a paper detailing the approach in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

Co-authors of the new study include David Spergel, director of the Flatiron Institute`s Center for Computational Astrophysics (CCA) in New York City, as well as CCA group leaders Phil Armitage and Shirley Ho.

"Despite centuries of effort, the mechanisms that drive planetary systems unstable remain debated," Armitage said.

The new work "demonstrates that by combining our hard-won understanding of planetary dynamics with modern machine learning techniques, we can reliably predict the fate of an abundant class of known extrasolar planetary systems."

For most multi-planet systems, there are many orbital configurations that are possible given current observational data, of which not all will be stable.

Many configurations that are theoretically possible would 'quickly' -- that is, in not too many millions of years -- destabilize into a tangle of crossing orbits. The goal was to rule out those so-called 'fast instabilities.'

"We can't categorically say `This system will be OK, but that one will blow up soon," Tamayo said. "The goal instead is, for a given system, to rule out all the unstable possibilities that would have already collided and couldn`t exist at the present day.

"Instead of simulating a given configuration for a billion orbits -- the traditional brute-force approach, which would take about 10 hours -- Tamay's model instead simulates for 10,000 orbits, which only takes a fraction of a second.

From this short snippet, they calculate 10 summary metrics that capture the system`s resonant dynamics. Finally, they train a machine-learning algorithm to predict from these 10 features whether the configuration would remain stable if they let it keep going out to one billion orbits.

"We called the model SPOCK -- Stability of Planetary Orbital Configurations Klassifier -- partly because the model determines whether systems will `live long and prosper,`" Tamayo said.SPOCK determines the long-term stability of planetary configurations about 100,000 times faster than the previous approach, breaking the computational bottleneck.

"Machine learning methods have opened up new ground in what we can do in inferring the properties of planetary systems," Ho said.

Tamayo cautions that while he and his colleagues haven`t `solved` the general problem of planetary stability, SPOCK does reliably identify fast instabilities in compact systems, which they argue are the most important in trying to do stability constrained characterization.

"This new method will provide a clearer window into the orbital architectures of planetary systems beyond our own," Tamayo said.

In the past 25 years, astronomers have found more than 4,000 planets orbiting other stars, of which almost half are in multi-planet systems. But since small exoplanets are extremely challenging to detect, we still have an incomplete picture of their orbital configurations.

"More than 700 stars are now known to have two or more planets orbiting around them," said Michael Strauss, chair of Princeton`s Department of Astrophysical Sciences.

"Dan and his colleagues have found a fundamentally new way to explore the dynamics of these multi-planet systems, speeding up the computer time needed to make models by factors of 100,000. With this, we can hope to understand in detail the full range of solar system architectures that nature allows," added Strauss.

SPOCK is especially helpful for making sense of some of the faint, far-distant planetary systems recently spotted by the Kepler telescope, says Jessie Christiansen, an astrophysicist with the NASA Exoplanet Archive who was not involved in this research.

"It`s hard to constrain their properties with our current instruments," she said.

"Are they rocky planets, ice giants, or gas giants? Or something new? This new tool will allow us to rule out potential planet compositions and configurations that would be dynamically unstable -- and it lets us do it more precisely and on a substantially larger scale than was previously available," she added.

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Predicting fate of planetary systems, AI solves calculations that astronomers since Newton have struggled with - DNA India

Standard Chartered and Universities Space Research Association join forces on Quantum Computing – KPVI News 6

LONDON andMOUNTAIN VIEW, Calif., July 13, 2020 /PRNewswire/ --Standard Chartered Bank and Universities Space Research Association (USRA) have signed a Collaborative Research Agreement to partner on quantum computing research and developing quantum computing applications.

In finance, the most promising use cases with real-world applications include quantum machine learning models (generating synthetic data and data anonymisation) and discriminative models (building strong classifiers and predictors) with multiple potential uses such as credit scoring and generating trading signals. As quantum computing technology matures, clients should benefit from higher quality services such as faster execution, better risk management and the development of new financial products.

Kahina Van Dyke, Global Head of Digital Channels and Client Data Analytics at Standard Chartered, said: "Similar to other major technological advancements, quantum computing is set to bring widespread benefits as well as disrupt many existing business processes. This is why it's important for companies to future-proof themselves by adopting this new technology from an early stage. The partnership with USRA gives us access to world-class academic researchers and provides us with a unique opportunity to explore a wide range of models and algorithms with the potential to establish quantum advantage for the real-world use cases."

Bernie Seery, Senior VP of Technology at USRA noted that "This partnership with the private sector enables a diversity of research through a competitively selected portfolio of quantum computing research projects involving academic institutions and non-profits, growing an ecosystem for quantum artificial intelligence that has already involved over 150 researchers from more than 40 organizations that produced over 50 peer-reviewed publications over the last seven years."

Alex Manson, Global Head of SC Ventures, Standard Chartered's innovation, fintech investment and ventures arm, stated, "The world is currently in the process of identifying commercial use cases where quantum computer capabilities will surpass classical computers. We have a conviction that some of these use cases will transform the way we manage risks in financial services, for example by simulating portfolios and exponentially speeding up the generation of market data. We will work with USRA to identify such use cases in financial services, with a view to implementing them within our bank, as well as potentially offering this service to other market participants over time."

D-Wave's Mark Johnson, Vice President, Processor Design, Development and Quantum Products observed, "Quantum computing research and development are poised to have a profound impact on the industries responsible for solving today's most complex problems. That's why researchers and businesses alike are looking to quantum computing today to start demonstrating tangible value. We're proud to work with USRA and Standard Chartered Bank as they improve global access to quantum systems and undertake essential research and development."

At USRA's Research Institute for Advanced Computer Science, Dr. Davide Venturelli, Associate Director for Quantum Computing, notes that quantum annealing is implementing a powerful approach to computing, featuring unique advantages with respect to other traditional and novel approaches, that should be studied, theoretically and experimentally, to advance the state of art of computing technologies for the benefit of nearly all disciplines.

Standard Chartered's team, led by Dr. Alexei Kondratyev, Global Head of Data Science and Innovation, and USRA have collaborated in quantum computing research since 2017. An earlier success in investigating the quantum annealing approach to computational problems in portfolio optimisation use cases led to this strategic partnership, where USRA will continue to support fundamental academic research in quantum physics and artificial intelligence and Standard Chartered will focus on future commercial applications.

In 2012, USRA partnered with NASA in establishing the Quantum Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (QuAIL): the space agency's hub to evaluate the near-term impact of quantum technologies. With QuAIL, the USRA team has investigated the physics, the engineering and the performance of multiple generations of quantum annealing processors built by D-Wave. It has also participated in U.S. government research programs that looked into application of quantum annealing for combinatorial optimization, aviation, earth science and machine learning. NASA Ames Research Center is currently hosting a D-Wave 2000Q annealing system, thanks to the support of this partnership.

Standard Chartered and USRA intend to develop this initial collaboration beyond quantum annealing to all unconventional computing systems that could provide an advantage to applications of interest, such as gate-model noisy-intermediate scale quantum (NISQ) processors and Coherent Ising machines.

For more information, contact: Standard Chartered: Group Media Relations Contact: Shaun Gamble, shaun.gamble@sc.com Tel: +44 2078855934

USRA: PR Contact: Suraiya Farukhi, sfarukhi@usra.edu Technical Contact: David Bell, Dbell@usra.edu

About USRA

Foundedin 1969, under the auspices of the National Academy of Sciences at the request of the U.S. Government, the Universities Space Research Association (USRA) is a nonprofit corporation chartered to advance space-related science, technology and engineering. USRA operates scientific institutes and facilities, and conducts other major research and educational programs, under Federal funding. USRA engages the university community and employs in-house scientific leadership, innovative research and development, and project management expertise.RIACS is a USRA department for research in fundamental and applied information sciences, leading projects on quantum computing funded by NASA, DARPA, the US Airforce and NSF.

More info at: https://riacs.usra.edu/quantum/and http://www.usra.edu.

About Standard Chartered

We are a leading international banking group, with a presence in 59 of the world's most dynamic markets, and serving clients in a further 85. Our purpose is to drive commerce and prosperity through our unique diversity, and our heritage and values are expressed in our brand promise, Here for good.

Standard Chartered PLC is listed on the London and Hong Kong Stock Exchanges as well as the Bombay and National Stock Exchanges in India.

For more stories and expert opinions please visitInsightsatsc.com. Follow Standard Chartered onTwitter,LinkedInandFacebook.

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Standard Chartered and Universities Space Research Association join forces on Quantum Computing - KPVI News 6

The crypto-agility mandate, and how to get there – Help Net Security

To achieve long-term data protection in todays fast-changing and uncertain world, companies need the ability to respond quickly to unforeseen events. Threats like quantum computing are getting more real while cryptographic algorithms are subject to decay or compromise. Without the ability to identify, manage and replace vulnerable keys and certificates quickly and easily, companies are at risk.

So, what do we mean when we talk about crypto-agility? Fundamentally, you will have achieved crypto-agility when your security systems are able to rapidly deploy and update algorithms, cryptographic primitives, and other encryption mechanisms. Going a step further, it means you have achieved complete control over cryptographic mechanisms your public key infrastructure (PKI) and associated processes and can quickly make whatever changes are needed without intense manual effort.

The replacement of manual processes with automated ones is critical to keeping up with accelerating change. As computing power and security technologies continue to evolve at a faster and faster pace, your existing cryptographic infrastructure is destined to become obsolete in a few years unless you can keep it upgraded to the latest technologies. Notably, threats continue to evolve as well.

Moreover, as the world transforms to depend on digital systems more fully, weve embedded cryptography deeply into virtually every communication system in the world. Its no longer possible for cryptography to remain isolated from other critical systems. The vast interdependent nature of modern systems makes it imperative that IT teams have the ability to respond quickly or face the risk of major outages and disruption.

Cryptographic standards like RSA, ECC, and AES that are in broad use today are constantly being updated with more advanced versions. Eventually governing bodies like NIST get in the act and mandate the use of the latest standards, with browser and cloud providers often raising the bar as well. To avoid becoming non-compliant, you must have the ability to quickly upgrade all your systems that rely on deprecated cryptography.

A robust, cryptographically agile infrastructure also brings other long-term benefits and plays a critical role in preventing security breaches. Achieving crypto-agility will make your operations teams more efficient, and eliminate unnecessary costs such consulting fees, temporary staff, fines, or remediation costs.

Such scenarios can unfold when a bad actor gains admin access, for instance, and may or may not have issued certificates. This uncertainty means that certificates from the impacted certificate authority (CA) can no longer be trusted and all certs from that CA must be revoked and re-issued. Without crypto-agility and a clear understanding of your potential exposure, youre looking at a costly all-hands-on-deck response to track and update hundreds or thousands of certs. And, of course, anytime you have humans involved with security response, youre opening yourself to human error and further compromise and outages.

The looming threat of quantum computing some say we could see 100,000x faster quantum computers as soon as 2025 represents another compelling reason to focus on improving your crypto-agility. While all crypto algorithms are breakable on paper, the incredible computing power required for such a feat does not currently exist. That could change with quantum computers which one day will be able to break most existing algorithms and hash function in minutes or hours.

To avoid the doomsday scenario where every system in the world is potentially exposed to compromise, work is already underway toward quantum-safe cryptography. However, given how little we know about quantum computing and the inability to perform real-world testing, its safe to assume there will be considerable give and take before quantum-safe algorithms are widely available.

In the meantime, your cryptography, certificate management and key distribution systems must be agile enough to adapt to this very real emerging threat. The table below presents a scenario of the time and expense involved with swapping out existing cryptography for quantum-safe cryptography. In this scenario, with incomplete or partial automation most enterprises would be looking at a 15-month vulnerability period compared to just six days when a fully automated solution has been put in place.

A comparison of quantum doomsday mitigation scenarios

Crypto-agility is a complex topic at scale and working towards it requires a multifaceted approach. Changes need to be made to security setups in organizational policy, operating methods, and core technology and processes. Your PKI may need to be upgraded and enhanced to support rapid swaps of cryptography, and software development procedures may need to be revamped to incorporate a nimbler approach to cryptography as opposed to being bolted on top of finished software.

The first step toward true crypto-agility is to understand the extent of your cryptographic exposure. This is accomplished by tracking down every digital certificate deployed across the organization and capturing details including algorithms and their size, the type of hashing/signature, validity period, where its located and how it can be used.

Once you have a complete inventory, youll then need to identify the vulnerable certificates by the type of cryptography in use and look for anomalies and potential problems. These can include certificates that use wildcards or IP address, certificates located on unauthorized or unintended systems as well as certificates abandoned on deprecated systems.

Finding your certificates and vulnerability isnt enough by itself to deliver crypto-agility youre still looking at the aforementioned 15-month-long process if you need to swap everything out manually.

Here are three pillars of crypto-agility that will put your organization on the right path toward withstanding whatever the future holds:

#1 Automate discovery and reporting. At the push of a button, you should be able to produce a full report of all your cryptographic assets. This will allow you quickly identify vulnerable cryptography and to report anomalies. There are any number of tools available to help you do this, but ideally certificate reporting should just be incorporated into an automated PKI solution.

#2 Automate PKI operations at scale. The ideal solution here is a fully automated Certificate Management Systems (CMS) that will manage the entire lifecycle of a certificate from creation to renewal. When the CMS is used to create a certificate it should have all the data it needs to not only monitor the certificate for expiration but automatically provision a replacement certificate without human intervention.

#3 Be nimble. At an organization and management level, your IT organization from DevOps through to day-to-day operations staff need to be ready for threats and change. You should carefully evaluate and rethink all aspects of your PKI to identify areas that may lock you into a particular vendor or technology.

The risk of having a slow-to-respond cryptographic infrastructure is increasingly daily, not only as digital transformations increase our dependency on inter-connected systems but as external threats and technology evolve with increasing pace. Looming above it all is the threat of quantum computing. Put it all together and its clear that the time to automate your PKI and move toward crypto-agility is at hand.

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The crypto-agility mandate, and how to get there - Help Net Security

Global Quantum Computing Technologies Market Manufacturing Cost Analysis Including Key Raw Materials, Trends by Types, Key Suppliers and Forecast 2027…

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Global Quantum Computing Technologies Market Manufacturing Cost Analysis Including Key Raw Materials, Trends by Types, Key Suppliers and Forecast 2027...

South Atlantic Anomaly: Have astronomers finally explained space’s Bermuda Triangle? – Space.com

Ships, airplanes and people have been known to disappear without explanation in an area of the North Atlantic Ocean known as the Bermuda Triangle.

Could it be extraterrestrials, some force pulling objects under the sea or a link to the fabled lost city of Atlantis? Or could it simply be bad weather, human error or heavy traffic in the region? No one knows for certain, but more than 50 ships and 20 planes have vanished since the mid-19th century. That's actually no more than in any other well-traveled area of the ocean, but still, the conspiracy theories persist.

If we look skyward we can explore a similar phenomenon dubbed the "Bermuda Triangle of space." This vast region above Earth has been known to wreak havoc on spacecraft that happen to enter the area. The craft aren't suddenly vanishing into thin air, but the disruption that's caused is nevertheless serious, and it poses problems for both equipment and astronauts.

The Bermuda Triangle of space lies above the South Atlantic, stretching from Chile to Zimbabwe, and sits at the point where the inner Van Allen radiation belt comes closest to Earth's surface. Earth has two Van Allen belts, which are two doughnut-shaped rings of charged particles that surround our planet, held in place by Earth's magnetic field. The inner part consists mainly of high-energy protons and the outer part is mainly electrons. Because the belts trap the particles that are shooting from the surface of the sun, they end up protecting the surface of the planet from harmful radiation.

At the location of the Bermuda Triangle of space, or the South Atlantic Anomaly (SAA) as it is formally known, Earth's magnetic field is particularly weak. This means the particles of solar cosmic rays are not being held back to the same extent as they are elsewhere above the planet. As a result, solar rays come as close as 200 kilometers (124 miles) to the Earth's surface. The more intense solar radiation results in an increased flux of energetic particles in this area.

"I'm not fond of the nickname, but in that region, the lower geomagnetic field intensity eventually results in a greater vulnerability of satellites to energetic particles, to the point that spacecraft damage could occur as they traverse the area," said John Tarduno, professor of geophysics at the University of Rochester. "The lower magnetic field intensity allows Earth's radiation belt technically the inner belt to come closer to Earth's surface," Tarduno told All About Space. "Thus satellites passing through this region will experience higher amounts of radiation to the point that damage could occur. Think about an electrical discharge or arc. With more incoming radiation, a satellite can become charged, and attendant arcs can result in serious damage."

Ordinarily the Van Allen belts stretch at an altitude of between 1,000 and 60,000 km (620 and 37,000 miles) above Earth's surface. The low altitude of the radiation hotspot, however, puts it within the orbit of certain satellites, which become bombarded by protons that exceed energies of 10 million electron volts (eV) at a rate of 3,000 "hits" per square centimeter per second.

This affects the spacecraft's onboard electronic systems, which hampers the operation of these objects and forces space agencies and other satellite operators to power them down. The same goes for the Hubble telescope, which passes through the SAA 10 times a day, spending a good 15% of its time there. Hubble is unable to collect astronomical data during these moments, which is not ideal, but necessary.

All About Space

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This article is brought to you by All About Space.

All About Space magazine takes you on an awe-inspiring journey through our solar system and beyond, from the amazing technology and spacecraft that enables humanity to venture into orbit, to the complexities of space science.

Failing to take precautions by shutting the spacecraft down would likely lead to system failure something astronauts have already witnessed with computers on board craft that fly in the vicinity of the SAA. The only solution is to take protective measures. "Putting equipment into a 'safe mode' means operations that are more vulnerable to radiation are curtailed," Tarduno said.

The more complex electronics have become, the more potential there is for problems to emerge. Any satellites that use the microwave tracking system DORIS which stands for Doppler Orbitography and Radiopositioning Integrated by Satellite for example, see a resulting shift of the onboard oscillator frequency.

Related: 'Vigorous' magnetic field oddity spotted over South Atlantic

Damage caused by the SAA can also prove very costly, as evidenced when the area sent the Japanese satellite Hitomi crashing down to Earth. Hitomi, or ASTRO-H, was commissioned by the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) to study extremely energetic processes in the universe. Just over a month after its February 2016 launch, its operators lost contact and the satellite broke into several pieces. Experts later discovered that the problem was due to the spacecraft's inertial reference unit (a type of motion sensor) reporting a rotation of 21.7 degrees per hour when the craft was actually stable. When the attitude control system sought to counteract the non-existent spin, a succession of events caused it to break.

Had the operators been able to spot the error in real time, they could have corrected it. But it happened while the satellite was travelling through the SAA, so communication was lost. There is also a possibility that the large dose of radiation affected the electronics. In any case, the unfortunate saga cost JAXA about $273 million and three years of prepared studies.

Astronauts can be affected by the SAA too. Some have reported seeing odd white lights flashing before their eyes, and steps have been taken to protect astronauts on board the International Space Station (ISS). Strong shielding is in place over the most frequently occupied parts of the ISS, such as the gallery and the sleeping quarters to reduce the amount of radiation the astronauts are exposed to. Astronauts also wear dosimeters, which are devices that measure their personal exposure to ionising radiation in real time, and send out a warning if they reach dangerous levels.

But why is the magnetic field less strong above the South Atlantic? It's because of the shape of Earth, which is not completely round. The Earth bulges slightly in the middle, and the planet's magnetic dipole field is offset from its center by about 500 km (300 miles). Where the dip lies, the charged particles and cosmic rays are closer to Earth's surface and provide less insulation from interplanetary space. Even so, this magnetic bubble still prevents solar wind from reaching the surface.

The magnetic field is sustained by a dynamo process that results from the flowing liquid metal in Earth's outer core that generates electric currents. When the planet rotates on its axis, the turbulent movement of molten, charged material is what forms the magnetic field, and gives the planet the north and south poles at the surface. Yet the poles aren't permanent, as Earth's magnetic field is constantly shifting; growing stronger and weaker as it moves around. At the moment, the magnetic field is weakening in the area of the SAA, which means the area growing.

Tarduno and his colleagues have been studying how long the SAA has been active. In 2018, they found a unique source of geological evidence in Africa that helped shed light on what Earth's magnetic field looked like thousands of years ago. Bantu farmers who lived in the Limpopo River Valley in Africa 1,000 years ago would perform a cleansing ritual which involved burning their villages during droughts to start afresh and encourage the rain. The burn resulted in the freeing of magnetic minerals in the clay that would align with Earth's magnetic field before cooling, which left Tarduno and his colleagues a stunning snapshot of what the magnetic field looked like at that time.

"We found something unusual about the core-mantle boundary under Africa," Tarduno said, which could be affecting the global magnetic field. The team found evidence that the SAA is the most current manifestation of a recurring phenomenon.

"Under Africa, at the core-mantle boundary just above the liquid-iron core, the field is reversed. This is something we call a reversed flux patch," Tarduno said. "It is this patch that seems to be causing most of the weak field and the SAA." Scientists have also looked into whether this will mean the magnetic field is about to flip, but studies based on observations of the past 50,000 years suggest the SAA is not a sign of this.

Further studies have also looked into how hazardous the radiation in the SAA could be at different levels. This is important because the growing area of the SAA will not only increase problems with computers and other electronic equipment on Earth, but it could also lead to a greater prevalence of cancer.

Riccardo Campana at the National Institute for Astrophysics in Bologna, Italy, analyzed radiation data from the Italian-Dutch satellite for X-ray astronomy BeppoSAX, which frequently journeyed through the lower edge of the SAA between 1996 and 2003. He found that radiation levels were lower in the lower part of the SAA than in the upper layers.

Still, as the European Space Agency points out, the magnetic field in this area has lost about 15%of its strength over the past 150 years. Before 1994, the magnetic north pole was moving at 10 km (6.2 miles) per year, but this has sped up to some 65 km (40 miles) per year since 2001. Could the magnetic field ever disappear completely, leaving Earth wide open to radiation?

Related: Space Radiation Threat to Astronauts Explained (Infographic)

"This is not a concern until many billions of years into the future," Tarduno said. "Even during times of magnetic reversals, there is a magnetic field, albeit much weaker and much more complex in form than the present one.

"The debate now is whether we are in the early stages of a magnetic reversal. The rapid decline in dipole magnetic field strength over the last 160 years and the pattern of decay lend some support for consideration of this as a possibility, but the short time span of the observed decay still puts this into the realm of speculation."

For now, the main concern is for space exploration, particularly given that the number of satellites and spacecraft carrying humans is set to increase. Knowing how the SAA behaves is crucial because as it grows at a rate of 19.3 km (12 miles) per year, it will soon end up covering a much greater geographical region than it does today.

Additional resources:

This article was adapted from a previous version published in All About Space magazine, a Future Ltd. publication.

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South Atlantic Anomaly: Have astronomers finally explained space's Bermuda Triangle? - Space.com

Cloud Computing will be the Great Enabler of Mobile Robotics and a US$157.8 billion service opportunity by 2030 – Yahoo Finance

LONDON, July 9, 2020 /PRNewswire/ -- Though only in its nascent stages, the value of cloud infrastructure to robots is key for both deployment (encompassing development, configuration, and installment) and operation (maintenance, analytics, and control). With the popularization of mobile robotics in a wide range of verticals, it will become necessary to utilize the computing power of cloud infrastructure to store and manage the vast troves of collected data as well as to train more advanced algorithms used to power robot cognition. ABI Research, a global tech market advisory firm, forecasts the robot-related services powered by cloud computing will reach US$157.8 billion in annual revenue by 2030.

ABI Research http://www.abiresearch.com (PRNewsFoto/ABI Research) (PRNewsfoto/ABI Research)

"Since 1961, most commercial robots have been wired or tied to external infrastructure for movement. The next generation of robot deployments will be increasingly mobile, tied to cellular and WIFI connectivity, will consume vast troves of data in order to operate autonomously, and will need effective management through real-time measurements for performance, status and operability," said Rian Whitton, Senior Analyst at ABI Research. Several cloud service providers, including AWS, Microsoft Azure, and Google Cloud, have begun collaborating with robotics developers, while start-ups like InOrbit target cloud-enabled operations for the first major deployment of mobile service robots.

"The journey of the robot industry from one of individual vehicles and units, to fleets and larger systems, is being driven by its wider incorporation into the IoT ecosystem. However, it would be a mistake to suggest robots will simply fit in with devices, individual sensors, and stationary machines as part of the wider IoT ecosystem," Whitton points out. Robots are increasingly sophisticated systems themselves, with multiple sensors and highly advanced Artificial Intelligence (AI)/Machine Learning (ML) competencies and are also expected to move around and act within the world, generating huge amounts of data relative to other machines. "To suggest the cloud alone can provide the compute power to operate these machines is nave, especially during the slow transition to 5G. Onlookers should instead conceive of adaptable edge-cloud systems that focus on quality over quantity when it comes to robotics operation, data processing and analysis," Whitton adds.

The cloud robotics opportunity, defined as Robotics-as-a-Service (RaaS) and Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) revenue for robotics operations combined, will grow from US$3.3 billion in 2019 to US$157.8 billion in 2030, accounting for 30% of the robotic industry's total worth. On its own, this represents a huge opportunity for start-ups, many of which are beginning to expand on their mission to enable developers to accelerate their go-to-market strategy, and to help end users and operators' access and manage the ever increasing fleets of robots. This new robotics ecosystem will be dominated by three subcategories of companies, namely robot developers that move up the value chain and become solution providers, third-party IoT and cloud platform providers focused on best-in-class software solutions, and Cloud Service Providers (CSPs) like Microsoft Azure, Amazon Web Services (AWS), and Google Cloud. Those focusing strictly on hardware will lose relative worth and will require partnerships or bold strategies to become solution providers. This can be exemplified by companies like Universal Robots and Fetch Robotics, who have incorporated software and maintenance services into their offering.

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"The market is incredibly nascent at present. ABI Research expects consolidation with the most successful robot solution providers and the CSPs expanding their relative influence on the market to take place within the next decade," says Whitton. The cloud robotics technology is split between vertical innovations, such as developing superior navigation systems, which increase the possibility of what robots can do, and horizontal innovations that expand access and scalability. "Cloud computing represents the most important horizontal innovation for the robotics industry, to date, and will further enable vertical innovations like swarm-based intelligence, autonomous mobility and advanced manipulation to be deployed at scale," Whitton concludes.

These findings are from ABI Research's Commercial and Industrial Roboticsapplication analysis report.This report is part of the company'sIndustrial, Collaborative & Commercial Roboticsresearch service, which includes research, data, and ABI Insights. Based on extensive primary interviews,Application Analysisreports present in-depth analysis on key market trends and factors for a specific technology.

About ABI ResearchABI Research provides strategic guidance to visionaries, delivering actionable intelligence on the transformative technologies that are dramatically reshaping industries, economies, and workforces across the world. ABI Research's global team of analysts publish groundbreaking studies often years ahead of other technology advisory firms, empowering our clients to stay ahead of their markets and their competitors.

For more information about ABI Research's services, contact us at +1.516.624.2500 in the Americas, +44.203.326.0140 in Europe, +65.6592.0290 in Asia-Pacific or visit http://www.abiresearch.com.

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Cloud Computing will be the Great Enabler of Mobile Robotics and a US$157.8 billion service opportunity by 2030 - Yahoo Finance

Seven higher education institutions to introduce cloud computing curricula from Amazon – The Hindu

Seven higher education institutions in India will adopt cloud computing curricula from Amazon Web Services (AWS) Educate global initiative into their mainstream college syllabus to help develop the next generation of cloud professionals.

The cloud computing content will be offered as part of undergraduate degree and postgraduate diploma programmes starting in September 2020.

As per Amazon Web Services, this effort to integrate cloud computing curricula into mainstream college education will help address the growing requirement for cloud skills in India by providing students with the knowledge and competency-based credentials in cloud architecture, data analytics, cyber security, machine learning, and software development.

The institutions offering the newly-designed Bachelor of Technology degree programmes in Information Technology and Computer Science include Chitkara University, Punjab; Galgotias University, Uttar Pradesh; Manav Rachna University, Delhi and NCR; Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology, Uttar Pradesh; Sharda University, Delhi and NCR; and SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Tamil Nadu. The ASM Institute of Management and Computer Studies in Maharashtra will offer syllabus combined with the AWS Educate cloud curricula for its Post Graduate Diploma in Management Emerging Technology.

Building a cloud-ready workforce is key to enabling technology-led growth in India that will drive innovation at speed and create impact at scale, said Rahul Sharma, president, India and South Asia Public Sector, Amazon Internet Services Private Limited.

Integrating cloud curricula as part of mainstream college education represents a shift in the way the industry and academia can come together to build the next-generation of highly-skilled cloud professionals. We are honoured to work with accredited education institutions in India to drive this change, he said while addressing a media conference on July 10.

All students participating in the degree and diploma programs will be enrolled in AWS Educate, Amazon's global initiative to provide students comprehensive resources for building skills in the cloud, and provided with AWS Promotional Credits to gain real-world, hands-on experience using AWS cloud technology.

Industry apex body NASSCOM said it would facilitate greater industry participation by engaging key employers in information technology (IT) and information technology-enabled services (ITES) segments in India, to build a talent pipeline equipped with cloud skills.

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Seven higher education institutions to introduce cloud computing curricula from Amazon - The Hindu

Cloud Computing in Pharmaceutical Market Future Growth and Forecast upto 2026 | Cisco Systems, HP, IBM and Others – Daily Research Chronicles

Cloud Computing in Pharmaceutical Market report is to help an individual to comprehend the Pandemic (COVID19) Impact analysis on the market concerning its Definition, Segmentation, Potential, Influential Trends, and also the Challenges that the Cloud Computing in Pharmaceutical market is confronting. The Cloud Computing in Pharmaceutical industry profiles descriptions of top manufacturers/players such as (Cisco Systems, HP, IBM, Microsoft, Oracle, SAP AG, Dell, Carestream Health, Google, Yahoo, Amazon, Etelos, Enki Consulting, Akamai, Flexiant, Gogrid, Athenahealth, VMware, ClearData Networks, CareCloud) which include Ability, Generation, Cost, Revenue, Price, Gross, Gross Margin, Growth Rate, Import, Export, Market Share and Technological Developments.

COVID-19 pandemic can affect the global Cloud Computing in Pharmaceutical economy in three significant ways: by directly affecting Production and Demand, By Tantalizing Supply Chain and Cloud Computing in Pharmaceutical Market Disruption, and by its impact on firms and the financial markets.

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The report focuses on market status and outlook for primary applications/end-user:

PMS (Production Management System) EMR Online Sales Other

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Software-as-a-service (SaaS) Infrastructure-as-a-service (IaaS) Platform-as-a-service (PaaS)

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Assessment on the Pandemic Impact on Rising of this market; Cloud Computing in Pharmaceutical Market entrance strategies devised by players; Pricing and marketing strategies embraced by market players that are recognized; Evaluation of this economy based on leading regions; Development within the prediction period of every Cloud Computing in Pharmaceutical industry segment;

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Cloud Computing in Pharmaceutical Market Future Growth and Forecast upto 2026 | Cisco Systems, HP, IBM and Others - Daily Research Chronicles

Evaluating Cloud Migration Process Concerning Data and Analytics – CIOReview

More than 60 percent of organizations rely on cloud computing today. Hence, evaluating the influencers, data migration, and governance concerning cloud-based data and analytics is essential.

FREMONT, CA: Today organizations, of any scale, are enthusiastic about adopting Cloud technologies for meeting the challenges of the data dynamicity. Concerning data and analytics, cloud platforms have proved to be very efficient and convenient for organizations.

This post will highlight the points that one should consider while strategizing cloud migration for their organization in terms of data and analytics.

Key Influencers

While devising the Cloud migration, Cloud providers like Azure, Cloud adoption strategy (whether single or poly cloud platforms), the target state, and implementation approach, majorly influence the process.

Target State and approach

Cloud migration is dependent on defining and constructing the target state. These approaches can be:

Lift and shift, where the cloud platform serves as Infrastructure as a Service. In this case, planning for moving the data to the cloud from on-premise, is enough to achieve the goal.

Amend and shift,where organizations introduce features like Data Lake storage, for optimizing their migration process.

Re-engineer and shift,where a complete transformation takes place. From retrieving data from the source to its distribution, every data platform layer undergoes modification.

Data

Data is the parent component in the practice of cloud computing. In this regard, bothHistoricalas well asIncrementaldata hold importance. The volume of historical data could vary according to the industries. For the security and migration of historical data, one must keep in mind format conversions, supported target database, the volume required from moving the data to the target, and other related points.

The ongoing incremental data requires accurate timing and seamless flow through several layers from data generators.

Persistent Layer

There needs to exist a suitable layer for preserving the datasets, based on the target state. The migration process should be capable of target partitioning and location mapping for monitoring the locations from where and to the data moves. In most cases, organizations preserve data in Hadoop. Many cloud databases offer conversion services and delineate the areas that require manual redressing.

Reports and visualization

Developing accelerators for conversion, views for generating similar data structures for adapting to the alterations in the data model, and introducing rationalization for avoiding migrating redundancy, are critical considerations.

Data Governance

Most of the cloud platforms provide encryption facilities, active directory, and network authentication protocols like Kerberos. In addition to this, cloud providers also offer data catalogs and indexing tools, but in many cases, organizations lack proper lineage.

Indeed, it a multifaceted process to perform cloud migration. But considering certain aspects like testing and validation, continuous integrations, interim state management, and cut-over plans of the platforms, can help to achieve a more efficient approach.

See Also:Top Cloud Storage Solution Companies

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Evaluating Cloud Migration Process Concerning Data and Analytics - CIOReview

Coronavirus daily news updates, July 14: What to know today about COVID-19 in the Seattle area, Washington state and the world – Seattle Times

Editors note:This is a live account of COVID-19 updates from Tuesday, July 14, as the day unfolded. It is no longer being updated.Click hereto see all the most recent news about the pandemic, andclick hereto find additional resources.

As coronavirus cases continue to spike in the United States, President Donald Trump is pushing to reopen the economy andthe White House is working to undercut its most trusted coronavirus expert.

In Washington state on Monday, health officials released two unusual numbers related to the pandemic, reporting 39 fewer deaths and a record-high 1,101 additional cases.

Throughout Tuesday, on this page, well be posting Seattle Times journalists updates on the outbreak and its effects on the Seattle area, the Pacific Northwest and the world. Updates from Monday can be found here, and all our coronavirus coverage can be found here.

OLYMPIA Counties in Washington state wont be able to relax restrictions further for at least two weeks as confirmed cases of the new coronavirus climb around the state, Gov. Jay Inslee announced Tuesday.

And with a steady increase in cases across Washington, the governor, in a news conference, warned he may have to roll back parts of the gradual reopening made in recent months since the pandemic peaked here.

As the virus roars back across chunks of America, Washington, so far, has avoided the steep rise in confirmed cases and hospitalizations seen in Arizona, Florida and elsewhere.

But Inslee said the current rise of confirmed cases here along with an estimated transmission rate indicating infected people are spreading the virus to others leaves Washington in a dangerous position if left unchecked.

Read the full story here.

Joseph O'Sullivan

Researchers on Tuesday reported strong evidence that the coronavirus can be transmitted from a pregnant woman to a fetus.

A baby born in a Paris hospital in March to a mother with COVID-19 tested positive for the virus and developed symptoms of inflammation in his brain, said Dr. Daniele De Luca, who led the research team and is chief of the division of pediatrics and neonatal critical care at Paris-Saclay University Hospitals. The baby, now more than 3 months old, recovered without treatment and is very much improved, almost clinically normal, De Luca said, adding that the mother, who needed oxygen during the delivery, is healthy.

De Luca said the virus appeared to have been transmitted through the placenta of the 23-year-old mother.

The New York Times

The state Department of Health (DOH) is refining how it records deaths as it works to better track the coronavirus pandemic.

So far, anytime someone with a positive COVID-19 diagnosis dies, DOH has been attributing those deaths to the virus, said Katie Hutchinson, heath statistics manager for DOH.

In the vast majority of those cases, COVID-19 was the cause of the persons death. But sometimes, people with COVID-19 happen to die of something else. Or, they have incomplete death certificates and the state isnt immediately sure whether COVID-19 played a role.

To differentiate among these, DOH on Monday began classifying deaths of people with COVID-19 into four categories: Confirmed, pending, suspect and non-COVID-19-related.

DOH has removed deaths from the official tally when it determined COVID-19 was not the primary cause. Hutchinson said the agency plans to continue doing so.

Read the full story here.

Ryan Blethen

In the last five months, Amazon job listings decreased about 19% globally, but still number more than 30,000. In the companys headquarters city of Seattle, listings are off 36%.

Amazon has more openings in Seattle about 7,300 than any other single location, down from about 11,500 in early February.

That was before the coronavirus pandemic upended all aspects of life, driving a wave of business to Amazon which made 175,000 temporary hires in its warehouses and transportation network this spring while much of the rest of the economy shut down, causing widespread unemployment.

The Seattle-areas role as a technology hub has insulated it to a certain extent. King Countys unemployment rate was 14.3% in May. (The June update is due next week.) But employment in the information industry, which includes many technology jobs, was up 2.8% in 12 months ended in May.

Read the full story here.

Benjamin Romano

Its been two weeks since Seattle Public Schools releasedpreliminary detailsabout its plan to reopen buildings in the fall. Now, amid heightened debate across the region and the country about the health risks of resuming instruction in person, the teachers union and some School Board members are searching for alternatives.

This week, the Seattle Education Association issued a statement opposing in-person teaching in the fall, calling it reckless under current conditions and advocating 100% remote learning. The union is currently bargaining with the school district over work conditions for this fall.

At the same time, a few School Board members are drafting anambitious alternativeto the complex reopening plan the district had previously proposed: two hours of instruction outdoors on most days, and remote learning in most other cases. School buildings would be reserved for a narrow list of activities, including special-education services and support for remote learning.

Read the full story here.

Dahlia Bazzaz

Doctors say employers should not use COVID-19 antibody tests to decide whether employees are safe to return to work, yet such testing is being promoted by lab companies and hospitals to businesses through back to work programs.

The idea is tantalizing: If scientists knew a COVID-19 infection caused the body to produce antibodies that reliably protect against re-infection, determining whos safe to return to work could be as simple as a well-designed blood test.

Yet the American Medical Association, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the Minnesota Department of Health each say the evidence backing test accuracy and protectiveness from antibodies is not yet strong enough. Even the lab companies and hospitals admit they cant offer immunity certificates to people who have the antibodies today.

We dont know what level of antibodies makes someone immune to COVID-19. All we can tell is that the person has been exposed, said Dr. Susan Bailey, a Texas allergist and immunologist who is president of the American Medical Association. We dont necessarily know what that immune response means, in terms of someones ability to go back to work or to school.

Read the full story here.

Minneapolis Star Tribune

State health officials confirmed 547 new COVID-19 cases in Washington on Tuesday, and five new deaths.

The update brings the states totals to 42,304 cases and 1,404 deaths, meaning about 3.3% of people diagnosed in Washington have died, according to the state Department of Health (DOH). The data is as of 11:59 p.m. Monday.

So far, 718,234 tests for the novel coronavirus have been conducted in the state, per DOH. Of those, 5.9% have come back positive.

The state has confirmed 12,213 diagnoses and 624 deaths in King County, the state's most populous, accounting for a little less than half of the state's death toll.

Nicole Brodeur

Consumers should take extra precautions with their hand sanitizer, according to Public Health - Seattle & King County, which warned against products that may cause methanol poisoning.

The agency sent out a series of tweets, including a list of 11 manufacturers whose products should be avoided.

Another tweet noted the signs of methanol poisoning, including headache, blurred vision or blindness, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, loss of coordination and decreased alertness. Anyone experiencing symptoms should call Washington Poison Center at 1-800-222-1222.

Public Health also urged consumers to only choose a sanitizer that is at least 60 percent alcohol; to avoid products that say FDA approved, since the are no sanitizers that are approved by the agency; and keep hand sanitizers out of the reach of children and supervise their use.

BATON ROUGE, La. Vice President Mike Pence insisted Tuesday the countrys schools should reopen to in-person instruction for students, making the point in Louisiana as the state has reemerged as one of the nations hot spots for the coronavirus only months after signs pointed to a successful outbreak response.

Appearing at Louisiana State University, the Republican vice president described the nation as in a much better position today to deal with the pandemic even as virus cases surge across much of the country. He and Education Secretary Betsy DeVos called for students at every level from elementary school through college to return to classrooms, with Pence calling that critical to reopening the country.

Its the right thing to do for our children. Its also the right thing to do for families, Pence said at Tiger Stadium, where he met with Louisiana Gov. John Bel Edwards, members of the congressional delegation and state higher education officials.

Read the full story here.

The Associated Press

BILLINGS, Mont. It was meant to be a last line of defense to protect the most vulnerable as the coronavirus spread across the United States: Montana officials offered free testing in May for staff and residents at assisted living and long-term care facilities.

But not all of them followed through, according to state data, including a facility in Billings, Montanas largest city, that cares for people with dementia and other memory problems. The virus has infected almost every resident there and killed eight since July 6, accounting for almost a quarter of Montanas 34 confirmed deaths. Thirty-six employees also have tested positive.

Read the full story here.

The Associated Press

A coronavirus vaccine being tested in Seattle triggered strong immune responses in 45 volunteers, according topreliminary resultspublished Tuesday in the New England Journal of Medicine.

After two doses of the vaccine, volunteers neutralizing antibody responses were higher than the average levels seen in the blood of people who had been infected with the novel coronavirus.

Volunteers were first injectedin Seattleon March 16, marking the first human tests on any coronavirus vaccine. Since then, the field has exploded, with more than 20 experimental vaccines now in human trials and more than 100 in preclinical stages.

Dr. Lisa Jackson, a senior investigator at Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute in Seattle, is lead author of the new report.

I think the results are encouraging, she said.

The speed with which the trials have progressed is also impressive. Processes that usually take years or even decades are now being accomplished in a matter of months, Jackson said.

Read the full story here.

Sandi Doughton

In 1984, scientists discovered the virus at the root of an alarming epidemic that was sickening otherwise healthy young men with aggressive cancers and rare, life-threatening pneumonias.

The discovery of HIV was a long-awaited moment, and Health and Human Services Secretary Margaret Heckler vowed that the scourge of AIDS would soon end. A vaccine would be ready for testing within two years, she proclaimed.

Yet another terrible disease is about to yield to patience, persistence and outright genius, Heckler said.

Thirty-six years later, there still is no HIV vaccine. But instead of a cautionary tale of scientific hubris, that still-continuing effort is leading to even greater confidence in the search for a coronavirus vaccine, from some of the same researchers who have spent their careers seeking a cure for AIDS.

Those decades of research into HIV have taught scientists an enormous amount about the immune system, honed vaccine technologies now being repurposed against the coronavirus and created a worldwide infrastructure of clinical trial networks that can be pivoted from HIV to the pathogen that causes the disease COVID-19.

Read the full story here.

The Washington Post

Facing eight federal lawsuits and opposition from hundreds of universities, the Trump administration on Tuesday rescinded a rule that would have required international students to transfer or leave the country if their schools held classes entirely online because of the pandemic.

The decision was announced at the start of a hearing in a federal lawsuit in Boston brought by Harvard University and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. U.S. District Judge Allison Burroughs said federal immigration authorities agreed to pull the July 6 directive and return to the status quo.

A lawyer representing the Department of Homeland Security and U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement said only that the judges characterization was correct.

The announcement brings relief to thousands of international students who had been at risk of being deported from the country, along with hundreds of universities that were scrambling to reassess their plans for the fall in light of the policy.

Read the story here.

The Associated Press

The U.S. and Canada are poised to extend their agreement to keep their shared border closed to nonessential travel to Aug. 21, but a final confirmation has not been given, a person familiar with the matter said Tuesday.

The agreement would likely extend the closure by another 30 days. The official was not authorized to speak publicly ahead of an announcement this week, and spoke on condition of anonymity. The restrictions were announced on March 18 and were extended in April, May and June.

Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau said this week that a decision on the border would be announced later this week.

Were going to continue to work hard to keep Canadians safe and to keep our economies flowing, and we will have more to say later, Trudeau said.

Mexican Foreign Affairs Secretary Marcelo Ebrard said on Friday that an opening between the U.S. and Mexico wouldnt be prudent right now, given that coronavirus cases in the states of the southern United States, California, New Mexico, Arizona and Texas, are on the rise.

Most Canadians fear a reopening. The U.S. has more confirmed cases and deaths from COVID-19 than any country in the world while Canada has flattened the epidemic curve.

Read the story here.

The Associated Press

Hawaiis governor said Monday he will wait another month to waive a 14-day quarantine requirement for out-of-state travelers who test negative for COVID-19, citing increasing virus cases in Hawaii, uncontrolled outbreaks in several U.S. mainland states and a shortage of testing supplies.

The testing plan, as announced last month, was scheduled to take effect Aug. 1. It's now postponed to Sept. 1.

Many in Hawaiis business community had been looking forward to the testing program, as it would make it easier for tourists to visit and potentially boost the economy. The quarantine requirement has virtually shut down tourism to the state since it took effect in late March. Hotels have closed and the unemployment rate stands at 22.6%, the second highest in the nation.

Gov. David Ige said at a news conference he and the states mayors, whom he consulted, understood the gravity of the choices they were presented with. On the one hand, he said, Hawaii could have an uncontrolled surge of COVID-19 if it reopened. On the other, delaying the traveler testing program would risk further economic damage.

Read the story here.

The Associated Press

Hong Kong implemented its strictest suite of social distancing measures yet as the Asian financial hub looks set to be the first in the region where a new outbreak surpasses previous waves in severity.

Bars, gyms and beaches will be closed, public gatherings limited to four people, and fines will be doled out to those refusing to wear masks on public transportation as authorities try to slow a growing resurgence. Officials said they detected 40 local cases on Tuesday, bringing the total outbreak to 224 people in about a week.

The breadth of Hong Kongs social distancing measures reflects the large proportion of cases of unknown origins, which grew to a record of 24 out of 40 local cases on Tuesday. Because officials cannot identify where the infections are centered, they cant deploy less disruptive targeted measures like in South Korea and Japan, and have instead levied broad policies for the whole city.

Read the story here.

Bloomberg

Medics in white coats replaced uniformed soldiers as stars of Frances Bastille Day ceremonies Tuesday, as the usual grandiose military parade in Paris was recalibrated to honor medics who died fighting COVID-19, supermarket cashiers, postal workers and other heroes of the pandemic.

Yet for thousands of participants in a protest across town, the national homage wasnt nearly enough to make up for missteps by French President Emmanuel Macron and his government before and during the coronavirus pandemic. Riot police sprayed tear gas and unruly demonstrators hurled smoke bombs as the largely peaceful demonstrators marched to Bastille plaza, where the French Revolution was born on July 14, 1789.

The contrasting scenes marked a Bastille Day unlike any other, overshadowed by fears of resurgent infections in a country where more than 30,000 people have already lost their lives to the coronavirus.

With tears in their eyes or smiles on their faces, medical workers stood silently as lengthy applause in their honor rang out over the Place de la Concorde in central Paris from Macron, the head of the World Health Organization and 2,000 other guests. A military choir sang the Marseillaise national anthem, and troops unfurled an enormous French tricolor flag across the plaza.

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Coronavirus daily news updates, July 14: What to know today about COVID-19 in the Seattle area, Washington state and the world - Seattle Times

Texas prisons’ coronavirus outbreaks continue with thousands infected – The Texas Tribune

Two Texas prisons each have more than 670 inmates with active coronavirus infections, according to the Texas Department of Criminal Justice, the highest counts seen at any state lockup since the pandemic began.

As of Monday, 672 men incarcerated at the Stiles Unit near Beaumont had active infections a quarter of the lockups population, according to the most recent figures. At the massive Coffield Unit in East Texas, 753 inmates recently tested positive 19% of prisoners there, according to TDCJ data.

Aside from Stiles, three other state-run prisons and jails had at least 25% of their inmates with active coronavirus infections Monday. Dominguez State Jail in San Antonio had 472 inmates with the virus. The Daniel Unit in Snyder and the Hamilton Unit in Bryan each had about 250 cases.

The new high infection counts at several prisons indicates the virus is still very active inside TDCJ. And although some of the hardest-hit prisons in May and June are now reporting very few active cases, their inmates also havent been tested recently on a large scale.

Since March, more than 12,000 Texas prisoners and 2,100 TDCJ employees at dozens of prisons have had confirmed infections of the new coronavirus. At least 94 inmates have died with the virus the most of any state prison system in America along with 10 people who worked in Texas prisons.

The jump in positive cases at some units follows a new round of mass testing at some prisons. TDCJ began testing all inmates at dozens of units in mid-May, with more than 100,000 coronavirus tests on inmates completed by June 10, according to agency reports. The tests led to a sharp increase in reported cases of the virus, followed by a period of fewer active cases reported after the first round of testing was finished.

The Michael Unit, next to Coffield prison in Anderson County, reported zero inmates with active cases of the virus Monday, with 429 men having recovered from it. But TDCJ only tested all of the inmates at the prison once, on May 13, according to TDCJ testing data provided to The Texas Tribune on Monday.

A Texas epidemiologist said one-time testing sweeps provide snapshots but dont tell the full picture of how the virus is affecting the prison system.

You get these windows but if you dont follow up to see if its grown or decreased, youre kind of just playing out those cases you had at that time, said Ben King, a clinical assistant professor of public health at the University of Texas at Austin. Its kind of like turning on the lights for just a second.

Aside from mass testing, TDCJ also tests symptomatic inmates for the coronavirus though prisoners say not everyone who reports symptoms is tested. Mass testing is done to capture those without symptoms who can still spread the illness, a group King said could account for a large percentage of those infected.

TDCJ spokesperson Jeremy Desel said Monday that most of the recent reported upticks in positive tests at places like Stiles and Dominguez are because of asymptomatic inmates. He added that some inmates the agency reports as actively infected are also likely no longer contagious because TDCJs process to medically clear inmates and count them as recovered is more stringent than the guidelines issued by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

The CDC advises that those who test positive for the coronavirus be isolated until they have been fever-free for at least three days and at least 10 days have passed since symptoms first appeared, or since the date of the positive test if the person is asymptomatic. Desel said by the CDCs definition, all of the asymptomatic inmates at Dominguez would now be considered recovered, since their mass testing was completed June 26.

Under the CDC guidelines, they should be considered recovered, but theyre not because our protocols suggest they need to be signed off on by a medical provider at the facility, Desel said. Sometimes that takes longer than six weeks in some cases just because of the mass numbers.

The recent surges at Coffield, Stiles and Dominguez make them the three Texas prison units with the most reported inmate coronavirus cases, with almost all of them counted by TDCJ as actively infected.

Estelle, Michael, Jester III and the Pack Unit all have more than 400 inmates each who have tested positive as well, though the majority of their cases are counted as recovered.

At Pack, a geriatric prison near College Station, attorneys told a federal judge Monday that 487 inmates have been infected in the pandemic and 19 men have died from the virus. It was the first day of a trial over TDCJs handling of the pandemic after two older inmates filed a lawsuit at the unit in late March arguing for protective gear and more cleaning supplies.

Disclosure: The University of Texas at Austin has been a financial supporter of The Texas Tribune, a nonprofit, nonpartisan news organization that is funded in part by donations from members, foundations and corporate sponsors. Financial supporters play no role in the Tribune's journalism. Find a complete list of them here.

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Texas prisons' coronavirus outbreaks continue with thousands infected - The Texas Tribune

Whipped by the Long Tail of the Coronavirus – The New York Times

As the virus works its strange, invisible magic inside me, I watch its outward manifestations: constellations of blood-red spots called petechiae strewn across my stomach, breasts and arms; purple circles under my eyes; eight pounds gone; my first white hairs. Before our travels, Id considered myself a healthy 37-year-old and regularly went on runs around my neighborhood. Now a flight of stairs leaves me breathless. On the oximeter, my pulse races at the slightest stressors.

Over the phone my doctors voice is tired, almost defensive. Shes worried about blood clots, and tries to get me into several labs for tests, but I cant pass their symptom checks. At this stage, she tells me, the only place that will take someone with Covid symptoms is a hospital. If the pain gets worse, I should go to the nearest emergency room in Providence.

A friend whose Covid-19 battle lasted a more typical 14 days drops off groceries; the last rolls of toilet paper in the aisle. For months weve relied on delivery services for supplies.

You can take your mask off, she calls from the sidewalk. Im not scared anymore.

From her undyed part, gray hairs reveal themselves in all their lived wisdom and glory. When she offers to go to the hospital with me, tears drop into the mask dangling from my chin.

At the E.R., seven hours of tests: EKG, CT scan, chest X-ray, ultrasound. I lie on the hospital bed, one arm pinioned by an IV, wires threading from my chest to the heart monitor bleating above my head. A patient moans, and the halls echo with the commands of X-ray technicians shouting Dont breathe! Breathe, a remedial paparazzi.

The doctor comes in with no news. Even from the inside, my pain cannot be seen. What is it? I plead.

I know youre scared, he replies, staring at me over his mask. Im scared too.

The doctors think its post-viral syndrome, I explain to family, friends, co-workers, though the pain is anything but post. Its animate, moving, alive inside me. Instead of the orange cat, I now imagine a pale green dragon stealing out the door, a thick, scaly tail snaking behind, thumping ominously.

Continued here:

Whipped by the Long Tail of the Coronavirus - The New York Times

Back to school: What doctors say about children and COVID-19 – NBC News

President Donald Trump is pressing state and local officials to reopen schools this fall, despite coronavirus infections surging nationwide. While experts say there are significant social benefits to resuming in-person classes, they caution that schools will need to balance those against potential risks to provide a safe learning environment for students as well as teachers and administrators.

Evidence suggests that children are not as susceptible as adults to COVID-19, the disease caused by the coronavirus. Even among those who have been infected, it's relatively rare for children to develop serious complications or require hospitalization.

But this doesn't mean classrooms can be exempt from social distancing and other safety precautions, particularly if schools intend to welcome kids back on site in less than two months.

"It really shouldn't be a debate of getting kids back to school, but getting kids back to school safely," said Dr. Jennifer Lighter, a pediatric infectious disease specialist at NYU Langone Health in New York.

Having kids physically present in schools in the fall as much as possible would be an "ideal situation," Lighter said, but schools will need to implement policies that allow students to maintain some distance indoors and avoid close contact for prolonged periods of time. This could include decreasing class sizes, rearranging desks to ensure kids aren't clustered together or facing one another and moving gym classes or other recreational activities outdoors, she said.

In the U.S., children make up about 22 percent of the population, but kids account for only 2 percent of coronavirus cases so far, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

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It's not yet known what accounts for that disparity, said Dr. C. Buddy Creech, an associate professor of pediatrics at Vanderbilt University Medical Center in Nashville, Tennessee.

"This has been a strange pandemic because usually for respiratory viruses, children are the first and most substantially affected," Creech said. "This has really been a flip of that, where it's our adults, and particularly older adults, that have been more affected."

It's also unknown how and why the risks aren't the same for all young people. There are signs that adolescents particularly those with pre-existing conditions are at similar risk of infection as adults, though more research is needed, according to Dr. William Raszka, a pediatric infectious disease specialist at the University of Vermont's Larner College of Medicine.

"The younger you are, probably the less likely you are to be able to transmit the disease," he said. "Once you get to high school age, you're going to be a little bit more concerned, [and] once you're in college age, you're going to be a lot concerned."

Schools will have to keep these differences in mind as they craft their safety procedures, Lighter said.

"I don't think it's one size fits all," she said. "Young children are really a different risk category than older adolescents, so the guidelines that we have for elementary [and] middle school children should probably be different than the ones that we have for our high school students."

In Europe and the U.S., it was reported that some children infected with the coronavirus experienced inflammatory symptoms similar to Kawasaki disease, a result of the child's immune system essentially kicking into overdrive. More than 100 cases of the complication, dubbed multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children or MIS-C, were reported in New York, which was the epicenter of the coronavirus pandemic in North America in March and April. Though potentially deadly, Lighter said MIS-C is "exceedingly rare."

She added that in some circumstances, it may be important for schools to reopen because these institutions have important social functions, beyond just providing an education.

"I think children have had significant social and emotional concerns from online learning over the past several months," Lighter said. "I don't think online learning works very well for children, especially young children, and especially children that are in poverty."

Dr. Shilpa Patel, a New Jersey-based pediatrician, said it's challenging to make predictions because scientists are still learning about the virus. But she said she has no hesitations about letting her kids return to school this fall.

"Nothing will be normal until we get a vaccine," Patel said. "These are trying times that we're living in, but yes, I will send my kids back to school in September."

Denise Chow is a reporter for NBC News Science focused on the environment and space.

Lauren Dunn

Lauren Dunn is a producer with the NBC News medical unit in New York.

Patrick Martin is an associate producer in the NBC News Health & Medical Unit.

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Back to school: What doctors say about children and COVID-19 - NBC News