SNC-Lavalin and Kinova sign two-year collaboration agreement to deploy robotic solutions in the nuclear sector – Canada NewsWire

MONTREAL, July 17, 2020 /CNW Telbec/ -SNC-Lavalin (TSX: SNC) and Kinova have signed a two-year collaboration agreement to deploy robotic solutions in the nuclear sector. The agreement builds on the existing relationship between the two companies, where in 2019 SNC-Lavalin engineers demonstrated how the KinovaGen 3 collaborative robot arm could be deployed into an inactive glovebox and complete a range of activities to facilitate nuclear decommissioning. SNC-Lavalin will become Kinova's exclusive integrator for their collaborative robots into operational gloveboxes at selected nuclear licensed sites. The collaboration aligns with SNCL Engineering Services strategy and wider portfolio of nuclear decommissioning and waste management solutions.

SNC-Lavalin has fully integrated Kinova's equipment into a certified, patent pending solution that enables safe deployment of the collaborative robot into almost any glovebox and other similar applications. The solutions developed are expected to prove deployable in the thousands of nuclear gloveboxes around the world, increasing operator safety and with potential to improve productivity.

"Removing hands from gloveboxes is a key challenge for the nuclear industry and we're proud to be helping drive change and improve safety, by integrating a solution from other industries to the nuclear industry," said Sandy Taylor, President, Nuclear, SNC-Lavalin. "This work has the potential to reduce hand safety risks for manual workers on-site, as well as improving output and efficiency as we incorporate digital solutions and support remote working."

"Empowering humans through the use of robotics has always been at the centre of Kinova's philosophy; all workers should feel safe to carry out tasks in their work environment, above all in the nuclear and hazmat sectors," said Franois Boucher, Executive Vice President, Kinova. "This nuclear glovebox solution demonstrates perfectly Kinova's willingness to support, through strategic partnerships and collaborative efforts, global leaders like SNC-Lavalin and their Atkins business."

SNC-Lavalin has over 60 years of global nuclear expertise. In the UK, the Company applies a differentiated technology portfolio across major UK new build programmes such as Hinkley Point C, through asset management and waste management services to nuclear decommissioning for sites including Sellafield's Legacy Ponds, which it has supported for over a decade.

About SNC-LavalinFounded in 1911, SNC-Lavalin is a global fully integrated professional services and project management company and a major player in the ownership of infrastructure. From offices around the world, SNC-Lavalin's employees think beyond engineering. Our teams provide comprehensive end-to-end project solutions including capital investment, consulting, design, engineering, construction management, sustaining capital and operations and maintenance to clients across the EDPM (engineering, design and project management), Infrastructure, Nuclear, and Resources businesses. http://www.snclavalin.com

About KinovaKinova is a global leader in professional robotics. Founded in 2006 in Boisbriand, Quebec, Canada, Kinova's mission was initially to empower individuals with upper-body limitations through the use of assistive robotics. Almost 15 years later, the company has evolved its product line to service new markets helping researchers, medical professionals, governments, businesses and educational institutions achieve their innovation goals through strategic partnerships and collaborative efforts. Today, with robotic technologies built up over more than a decade of inspired ingenuity, Kinova's dedication is to provide solutions to professionals in industries such as agrifood, healthcare, security, nuclear, hazmat and advanced manufacturing to go well beyond their ambitions.

SOURCE SNC-Lavalin

For further information: Media, Daniela Pizzuto, Director, External Communications, 514-393-8000, ext. 54772, [emailprotected]; Investors, Denis Jasmin, Vice President, Investor Relations, 514-393-8000, ext. 57553, [emailprotected]

http://www.snclavalin.com

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SNC-Lavalin and Kinova sign two-year collaboration agreement to deploy robotic solutions in the nuclear sector - Canada NewsWire

Military Robots Market to Witness Widespread Expansion During 2020 to 2026 – Cole of Duty

Military Robots Market Research 2020

The most recent research report published by Regal Intelligence presents a scientific analysis titled as worldwide Military Robots Market 2020. The report contemplates in a brief manner the presentation of both historical records alongside the ongoing patterns. It incorporates a complete analysis of various traits, for example, manufacturing base, type, and size. This report assesses the market division alongside the competitive landscape at worldwide as well as local level.

This study considers the Military Robots-value generated from the sales of the following segments:

The key manufacturers covered in this report: Kongsberg Gruppen (Norway), Lockheed Marin Corporation (US), Saab AB (Sweden), Elbit System Ltd. (Israel), Northrup Grumman Corporation (US), Thales Group (France), Qinetiq (UK), Endeavor Robotics (US), Cobham PLC (UK), General Dynamics Corporation (US), Israel Aerospace Industries Ltd. (IL), Aerovironment, Inc. (US), Bae Systems (UK), Boston Dynamics (US),

Segmentation by product type: By Platform, Land Robots, Marine Robots, Airborne Robots, By Mode of Operation, Human Operated, Autonomous,

Segmentation by application: Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance (ISR), Search and Rescue, Combat Support, Transportation, EOD, Mine Clearance, Firefighting, Others

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The research report contemplates the market dependent on development opportunities, development restricting variables and attainability of investment. The report examines Military Robots Market areas and the present market portions will help the readers in organizing their business frameworks. It likewise shows future opportunities for the forecast years 2020-2026.

Market Segment by Regions, regional analysis covers:

The goal of the study is to characterize market elements, for example, patterns, components and obstructions affecting the market development. The report is intended to fuse both qualitative and quantitative parts of the worldwide business with respect to each of the region and country basis.

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The report has been readied dependent on the amalgamation, examination, and understanding of data about the Military Robots market 2020 collected from particular sources. Organization outline, monetary review, product portfolio, new venture propelled, recent advancement analysis are the parameters comprehended in the profile.

Table of Contents

Global Military Robots Market by Manufacturers, Regions, Type and Application, Forecast to 20261 Report Overview1.1 Definition and Specification1.2 Report Overview1.2.1 Manufacturers Overview1.2.2 Regions Overview1.2.3 Type Overview1.2.4 Application Overview1.3 Industrial Chain1.3.1 Military Robots Overall Industrial Chain1.3.2 Upstream1.3.3 Downstream1.4 Industry Situation1.4.1 Industrial Policy1.4.2 Product Preference1.4.3 Economic/Political Environment1.5 SWOT Analysis2 Market Assessment by Type2.1 By Platform Sales (K Units), Revenue (M USD) and Growth Rate 2014-20202.2 Land Robots Sales (K Units), Revenue (M USD) and Growth Rate 2014-20202.3 Marine Robots Sales (K Units), Revenue (M USD) and Growth Rate 2014-20202.4 Airborne Robots Sales (K Units), Revenue (M USD) and Growth Rate 2014-20202.5 By Mode of Operation Sales (K Units), Revenue (M USD) and Growth Rate 2014-20202.6 Human Operated Sales (K Units), Revenue (M USD) and Growth Rate 2014-20202.7 Autonomous Sales (K Units), Revenue (M USD) and Growth Rate 2014-20203 Asia Pacific Military Robots Market Assessment by Type3.1 Asia Pacific Market Performance (Sales, Revenue)3.2 Key Players in Asia Pacific4 North America Military Robots Market Assessment by Type4.1 North America Market Performance (Sales, Revenue)4.2 Key Players in North America5 Europe Military Robots Market Assessment by Type4.1 Europe Market Performance (Sales, Revenue)4.2 Key Players in Europe6 South America Military Robots Market Assessment by Type4.1 South America Market Performance (Sales, Revenue)4.2 Key Players in South America7 Middle Easr and Africa Military Robots Market Assessment by Type4.1 Middle Easr and Africa Market Performance (Sales, Revenue)4.2 Key Players in Middle Easr and Africa

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To conclude the report sums up present analysis dependent on factors which are relied upon to show positive development of the market. The report studies market estimation for 2020 to 2026. Pertinently, the report and company profiles determine the key drivers that are affecting the interest in worldwide Military Robots markets.

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Military Robots Market to Witness Widespread Expansion During 2020 to 2026 - Cole of Duty

Robotic End of Arm Tools (EOAT) Market will be Massively Influenced by Macroeconomic Factors 2018 to 2028 – 3rd Watch News

Global Robotic End of Arm Tools (EOAT) market research report from Fact.MRs perspective

Fact.MR in its recently published market study offers valuable regional as well as global insights related to the Robotic End of Arm Tools (EOAT) market. As per the study, the global Robotic End of Arm Tools (EOAT) market is estimated to reach a value of ~US$ XX Mn/Bn in 2019 and projected to grow at a CAGR of XX% over the forecast period, 2019-2029.

The Fact.MR team consists of highly experienced research analysts who have curated the market by carrying out extensive primary and secondary research. Further, to ensure that the users have a seamless experience while viewing the report, an overview of the Robotic End of Arm Tools (EOAT) is provided in the report.

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Competitive Analysis

The market study provides an in-depth analysis of the top tier players operating in the global Robotic End of Arm Tools (EOAT) market.

Regional analysis

The presented study includes a thorough assessment of the Robotic End of Arm Tools (EOAT) market in the major geographies such as:

The analysts have articulated country-wise data for each of these regions along with relevant graphs, tables, and figures.

Competitive Landscape

Additional key players operating in the global robotic end of arm tools (EOAT) market include ABB Ltd., DESTACO, Bastian Solutions LLC, J.H. Benedict Co. Inc., ASS End of Arm Tools, Inc., FIPA Gmbh, Festo AG & Co. KG, SCHUNK GmbH & Co. KG, EMI Corporation, OnRobot A/S, Soft Robotics Inc., IPR Intelligente Peripherien fuer Roboter GmbH, and other market players.

Note: Fact.MR research offers compelling insights into the competitive landscape of global robotic end of arm tools (EOAT) market. A summary of the report is available upon request.

Additional Insight:

Adoption of End-of-arm Tooling Surges as Robots Become an Industrial Staple for Multi-tasking & Quick Changeovers

Use of robots in the industrial space has taken off significantly, as end-user demand for multi-tasking and instant changeovers has intensified over the years. Robots are penetrating into multiple industrial ecosystems, often operating alongside humans, in the form of collaborative robots (otherwise known as cobots). With the increasing deployment of robots, industrial ecosystems are also seeking effective robotic end of arm tooling (EOAT) to equip the robots with desired functionalities.

Multiple varieties of robotic end of arm tooling (EOAT), including force-torque sensors, welding torches, grippers, collision sensors, tool changers, material removal tools, and more, are witnessing skyrocketing demand for diverse applications. In short, the nature of the target application determines the EOAT type to be used.

Currently, pneumatic EOATs have gained notable traction, as they are easy to integrate and can hold a substantial amount of power in a small space. Grippers remain highly-favored by the end-use industries, as pick and place applications continue to be imperative for successful automation.

Research Methodology:

A comprehensive approach has been adopted to analyze growth of robotic end of arm tools (EOAT) market over the forecast period of 2018 to 2028. Primary & secondary processes remain the two significant aspects of the research methodology employed for robotic end of arm tools (EOAT) market. The primary research for the robotic end of arm tools (EOAT) market report involves constructive discussions with industry personnel and data acquired from prominent stakeholders in the robotic end of arm tools (EOAT) market, including suppliers, manufacturers, and distributors. The secondary research for the robotic end of arm tools (EOAT) market report involves study of authentic documents, including company press releases, investor presentations, articles & magazines, paid databases, and others.

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Scope of the Report

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What information does the report on the Robotic End of Arm Tools (EOAT) market offer to the readers?

Important queries catered to in the presented market assessment

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Robotic End of Arm Tools (EOAT) Market will be Massively Influenced by Macroeconomic Factors 2018 to 2028 - 3rd Watch News

Mobile Robotics Market to target disruptive Innovation 3w Market News Reports – 3rd Watch News

AMA Research added a comprehensive research document of 200+ pages on Mobile Robotics market with detailed insights on growth factors and strategies. The study segments key regions that includes North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific with country level break-up and provide volume* and value related cross segmented information by each country. Some of the important players from a wide list of coverage used under bottom-up approach are IRobot Corporation (United States), Amazon Robotics, Inc. (United States), Northrop Grumman Corporation (United States) , KUKA AG (Germany), Honda Motor Co., Ltd. (Japan), Google Inc. (United States), Bossa Nova Robotics (United States), ECA Group (France), Bluefin Robotics Corporation (United States), Geckosystems Intl. Corp. (United States).

A special chapter in the study presents Impact Analysis of COVID-19 on Global Mobile Robotics Market along with tables and graphs related to various country and segments showcasing impact on growth trends.

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Mobile robotics is the industry associated with creating mobile robots, which are robots that may move around in a physical environment. Mobile robots are typically controlled by software and use sensors and other gear to spot their surroundings. Mobile robots combine the progress in artificial intelligence with physical robotics that permits them to navigate their surroundings. There are 2 types of mobile robotics such as autonomous and non-autonomous mobile robots. Autonomous mobile robots can explore their environment without external guidance, whereas guided robots use some type of guidance system to move. Other semi-stationary robots have a slight range of movement. The field of mobile robotics is vital nowadays as firms look at how to utilize artificial intelligence.

Market Segmentation & Scope

Study by Type (Unmanned Ground Vehicles (UGVs), Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), Unmanned Surface Vehicles (USVs), Unmanned Underwater Vehicles (UUVs)), Application (Logistics & Warehousing, Defense, Medical & Healthcare, Domestic, Entertainment, Others), Component (Hardware, Software, Services)

A View on Influencing Trends:Adoption of Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) Technology

Collaborative Robots Will Continue to Grow in Popularity

Growth Drivers in Limelight: The sophistication of Artificial Intelligence Software

Converging Robotics Technology with Mobile Technologies

Major Roadblocks Worthy Attention: The High Cost of Investment

Lack of Awareness among Small Scale Industries

Check Complete Table of Content @ https://www.advancemarketanalytics.com/reports/3689-global-mobile-robotics-market

Country level Break-up includes:North America (United States, Canada and Mexico)Europe (Germany, France, United Kingdom, Spain, Italy, Netherlands, Switzerland, Nordic, Others)Asia-Pacific (Japan, China, Australia, India, Taiwan, South Korea, Middle East & Africa, Others)

Limited scope research document specific to Country or Region meeting your business objective.

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Some Strategic Points Covered in Table of Content of Global Mobile Robotics Market:

Chapter 1: Introduction, market driving force product Objective of Study and Research Scope the Mobile Robotics market

Chapter 2: Exclusive Summary the basic information of the Mobile Robotics Market.

Chapter 3: Displaying the Market Dynamics- Drivers, Trends and Challenges of the Mobile Robotics

Chapter 4: Presenting the Mobile Robotics Market Factor Analysis Porters Five Forces, Supply/Value Chain, PESTEL analysis, Market Entropy, Patent/Trademark Analysis.

Chapter 5-7: Displaying the by Type, End User and Region 2014-2019. Evaluating the leading manufacturers of the Mobile Robotics market which consists of its Competitive Landscape, Peer Group Analysis, BCG Matrix & Company Profile. Market Estimates by segments, by countries and by manufacturers with revenue share and sales by key countries in these various countries (2020-2025).

Chapter 8 & 9: Displaying the Appendix, Methodology and Data Source Finally, Mobile Robotics Market is a valuable source of guidance for individuals and companies.

How Research Study of AMA helps clients in their decision making:

Opportunity That Market Giants are Watching: Emerging Demand from Economies

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Thanks for reading this article, you can also get individual chapter wise section or region wise report version like North America, Europe or Asia.

About Author:

Advance Market Analytics is Global leaders of Market Research Industry provides the quantified B2B research to Fortune 500 companies on high growth emerging opportunities which will impact more than 80% of worldwide companies revenues.

Our Analyst is tracking high growth study with detailed statistical and in-depth analysis of market trends & dynamics that provide a complete overview of the industry. We follow an extensive research methodology coupled with critical insights related industry factors and market forces to generate the best value for our clients. We Provides reliable primary and secondary data sources, our analysts and consultants derive informative and usable data suited for our clients business needs. The research study enable clients to meet varied market objectives a from global footprint expansion to supply chain optimization and from competitor profiling to M&As.

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Mobile Robotics Market to target disruptive Innovation 3w Market News Reports - 3rd Watch News

Global Educational Robots Market 2020 Coronavirus (COVID-19) Updated Analysis By Product (Wheeled Robots, Humanoid Robots, Others); By Application…

Global Educational Robots Market Report Industry Analysis, Market Size, Historical-Current-Future Trends, Competitive Landscape and Forecasts to 2026

Different aspects such as technological advancements and modernization affect the market growth and development to a large extent. Every such aspects and other details were considered while making theEducational Robots marketreport. This in-depth study of the Educational Robots market helps the market players and the clients to understand the market trends on the global platform. The contents that are included within this dossier are market drivers, restraints, challenges, opportunities, target audience of the market, and others. All this data included in the Educational Robots market report are elucidated in a comprehensive way thus enabling the clients to understand all the market components in a simple and easy way.

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The market players that are included in the Educational Robots market report are Fischertechnik, Lego, Modular Robotics, Robotis, Innovation First International, Pitsco, Parallax, Evollve. The data is not restricted to the mentioned industry players but also includes names of the retailers and distributors. The companies are profiled in a systematic way and include all the important information about the organization. Some of the contents that are included in the company profiles are company overview, headquarter location, current strength of employees, the geographical presence of the organization, statistics of the company, recent developments, mergers and acquisitions, and others. All these information mentioned in the Educational Robots market study will help the market players to understand about their competitors and their current position in the market. This will enable them to strategically enhance their market strategies for further business development.

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The market is segmented into{Wheeled Robots, Humanoid Robots, Others}; {Primary School, Secondary School, Others}. The regional presence of the market is also included in the major regions such as North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, Latin America, and the Middle East and Africa. Along with statistical information qualitative data supporting the numbers is also provided. Segment dominance and the segments that forecast to grow in the coming years are mentioned within the Educational Robots market study. The data included within the dossier includes historical, present, and forecast data along with the compound annual growth rate (CAGR).

Significant aspects of the Reports and Main Highlights:

A detailed look at the Educational Robots Industry Changing business trends in the global Educational Robots market Detailed market bifurcation analysis at different level such as type, application, end user, Regions / countries Historical and forecast size of the Educational Robots market in terms of Revenue (USD Million) Recent industry development and market trends Competitive Landscape and player positioning analysis for the Educational Robots market Key Product Offerings by Major players and business strategies adopted Niche and Potential segments (ex. types, applications, and regions/countries) anticipated to observed promising growth Key challenges faced by operating players in the market space Analysis of major risks associated with the market operations

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Global Educational Robots Market 2020 Coronavirus (COVID-19) Updated Analysis By Product (Wheeled Robots, Humanoid Robots, Others); By Application...

Bank of England eyes groundbreaking new currency as key part of Britains future – Express

Digital currency is money only available in vital or electronic forms. The news the BOE are looking into digital currency comes as the UK is set to suffer its worst recession ever after the coronavirus pandemic. In April this year, the UKs GDP shrank by an astonishing 20.4 percent.

Mr Bailey announced the news to students in a Speakers for Schools webinar event on Monday.

He said: We are looking at the question of, should we create a Bank of England digital currency.

Well go on looking at it, as it does have huge implications on the nature of payments and society.

I think in a few years time, we will be heading toward some sort of digital currency.

READ MORE:Elon Musk, Bill Gates, Joe Biden and Kanye West ALL HACKED by evil bitcoin scammers

In January the BOE announced it was a part of a group of major central banks weighing up developing digital currencies.

The joint research is aimed to "share experience as they assess the potential cases for central bank digital currency in their home jurisdictions".

The group includes global financial powerhouses such as the Bank of Canada, Bank of Japan, European Central Bank, Sveriges Riksbank of Sweden, Swiss National Bank and Bank for International Settlements.

The group are looking into Central Bank Digital Currencies as Facebook develops its own cryptocurrency, Libra.

China has also spent six years developing its own CBDC in DCEP, and the group of countries have stated their desire to compete.

In a statement, the BOE said: The group will assess CBDC use cases; economic, functional and technical design choices, including cross-border interoperability; and the sharing of knowledge on emerging technologies.

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Cryptocurrency site Coin Telegraph suggests that the UK may have an edge on European countries in developing CBDC after Brexit.

They said: The country does not have to deal with EU bureaucracy, nor is it a part of the Eurozone.

These factors have allowed the nation to retain its own sovereign currency the British pound.

If the UK decides to develop a CBDC, it could provide the British pound with some advantage over major rival currencies like the US dollar and the euro.

Mr Bailey warned however that it may be some time before Britain sees digital currency.

In the webinar, he said: The digital currency issue will be a very big issue.

I hope it is, because that means COVID will be behind us.

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Bank of England eyes groundbreaking new currency as key part of Britains future - Express

Revolut launches cryptocurrency trading in US – ThePaypers – The Paypers

Revolut has brought cryptocurrency trading to the US through a partnership with Paxos.

Users in the US can now buy, hold, and sell Bitcoin and Ethereum from the Revolut app. The feature is going to be available in 49 states, except Tennessee. Therefore, customers who have USD or other currencies in their Revolut account can exchange manually whenever they want. They can also set up alerts in case there are some important price changes happening. Optionally, users can also round up card payments to the nearest whole dollar and convert spare change into crypto assets.

When it comes to fees, users with a free Revolut account will pay 2.5% in conversion fees. Users with a Premium and Metal subscription will pay 1.5% in fees. Revolut is waving fees for the first 30 days. Revolut also has some monthly limits on currency exchange in general for free users as well, so they have to pay a 0.5% fee above that limit or pay for a subscription.

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Revolut launches cryptocurrency trading in US - ThePaypers - The Paypers

Voice Cloning Market 2020 | In-Depth Study On The Current State Of The Industry And Key Insights Of The Business Scenario By 2027 – Cole of Duty

Voice Cloning Market 2020-2027 has been released with reliable information and accurate forecasts for a better understanding of the current and future market scenarios. The report offers an in-depth analysis of the global market, including qualitative and quantitative insights, historical data, and estimated projections about the market size and share in the forecast period. The forecasts mentioned in the report have been acquired by using proven research assumptions and methodologies.

Voice Cloning market report consists of market definition and overview. The target audience for the market is also included for better understanding the market scenario. The research analysts have conducted several primary and secondary researches in order to obtain the numerical for the market. The compound annual growth rate of the Remote Patient Monitoring market is revised and updated in the report study. This is owing to the changed market conditions amidst COVID-19. Several research methodologies and tools were used for further validating the data that was obtained through these researches.

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The major companies profiled in the Smart Glove Marketinclude:

IBM Corporation, Microsoft Corporation, Google, iSpeech, Cepstral, CereProc, Nuance Communication Inc., Baidu, AT&T, and NeoSpeech.

Furthermore, the statistical survey in the report focuses on product specifications, costs, production capacities, marketing channels, and market players. Upstream raw materials, downstream demand analysis, and a list of end-user industries have been studied systematically, along with the suppliers in this market. The product flow and distribution channel have also been presented in this research report.

In market segmentation by types of Voice Cloning, the report covers-

In market segmentation by applications of the Voice Cloning, the report covers the following uses-

The Voice Cloning Market research report offers an eight-year forecast.

By Regions:

North America (The US, Canada, and Mexico)

Europe (the UK, Germany, France, and Rest of Europe)

Asia Pacific (China, India, and Rest of Asia Pacific)

Latin America (Brazil and Rest of Latin America)

Middle East & Africa (Saudi Arabia, the UAE, South Africa, and Rest of Middle East & Africa)

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The Voice Cloning Market Report Consists of the Following Points:

The report consists of an overall prospect of the market that helps gain significant insights about the global market.

The factors responsible for the growth of the market have been mentioned. This data has been gathered from primary and secondary sources by industry professionals. This provides an in-depth understanding of key segments and their future prospects.

The report analyses the latest developments and the profiles of the leading competitors in the market.

The market has been categorized based on types, applications, and regions. For an in-depth analysis and better understanding of the market, the key segments have been further categorized into sub-segments.

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In conclusion, the Voice Cloning Market report is a reliable source for accessing the research data that is projected to exponentially accelerate your business. The report provides information such as economic scenarios, benefits, limits, trends, market growth rate, and figures. SWOT analysis is also incorporated in the report along with speculation attainability investigation and venture return investigation.

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Voice Cloning Market 2020 | In-Depth Study On The Current State Of The Industry And Key Insights Of The Business Scenario By 2027 - Cole of Duty

Rationalism – RationalWiki

Not to be confused with Rationality, which simply refers to the process of being reasonable.

Rationalism is a philosophy in which a high regard is given to reason (specifically logic) and to empirical observation.

From the strict philosophical standpoint, rationalism is the view that all or most truth is deductive and a priori, deriving logically from a set of axioms gained by intuition or inherent knowledge (and not from studying the world around us empirically).[1] However, the term is not very often used so strictly, so this form of rationalism is generally known in English-speaking philosophy as continental rationalism or Cartesian rationalism, as its original proponents, such as Ren Descartes, were largely situated in continental Europe.[2]

The term is more commonly used to refer to a synthesis of continental rationalism with its former rival philosophy, empiricism. This looser rationalism holds that empirical observation is more useful than intuition for gaining one's starting axioms, but one can use deductive reasoning from these axioms just as well. The best embodiment of this way of gaining knowledge is the scientific method; hence, rationalists tend to give high regard to science, designating it as the primary or sole proper source of truth.

RationalWiki is devoted to this sort of rational analysis of empirical evidence to form conclusions; most RationalWiki editors are very skeptical of other ways of knowing.

The idea of being "rational" is distinct and broader than the philosophy of rationalism. To be "rational" is synonymous with a "sane" or "functional" way of thinking. If one is "rational," then in common parlance this means that one can think clearly and is capable of intelligently assessing new ideas when presented.

The opposite term, "irrational," is used to signify someone who cannot or will not think clearly. If a thought or action is irrational, it signifies something that is not just incorrect, but perverse, insane, or beneath consideration.

Rationalism was first formulated in classical times by philosophers such as Socrates and Plato. Many of the Socratic dialogues would use a conversational process to work out logical inconsistencies in ideas that were held by contemporaries to be "common sense," such as the definition of "the good." In this historical sense Rationalism was distinct and separate from Empiricism (see below), as these early Rationalists didn't deem it necessary to use observation - in the modern use, Rationalists who would combine both the logical reasoning of Rationalism with the observational checks of Empiricism.

But at the time, virtually everyone even the great philosophers believed that various things were known by people inherently. Aside from a few schools of thought which suggested that nothing could ever be known as true (pyrrhonism), few thought to discard a priori beliefs and start from scratch with only that which was known to be true. Thus, at this point historical Rationalism closely resembled the way philosophers still define the philosophy.

The 16th century philosopher Descartes, however, attempted to create a whole philosophy through pure reason in his Discourse on Method and its succeeding works: he began with the only thing of which he thought he could be certain, that there was an "I" that was thinking - often rendered in the Latin of cogito ergo sum ("I think, therefore I am."). His process ushered in a new era in rationalism, concurrent with the greater Enlightenment. At that time the philosophy began to resemble modern empiricism more than its own ancient ancestor, especially during the era of Romanticism when Enlightenment ideas were challenged and sensory perception was given more of a hearing.

Loose use in the time since has led to the fuzzy state of the term today, particularly when combined with the similar but much broader notion of being rational.

Rationalism in psychology is identified with the philosophical tradition of the same name and refers to the school of thought that sees certain elements of cognition as innate. For this reason, it is sometimes used synonymously with the terms "innatism" or "nativism" though the synonymy is not particularly deep as "innatism" or "nativism" sees them as innate in the thicker sense of that one at least can be born with them preset exactly in a certain, perhaps permanent, way (whether this ever actually happens is beside the point) and Rationalism sees them as innate in the thinner sense that one is simply born with them waiting to be set more exactly as one is psychologically prepares to understand what they are about and perhaps never completely fixable once set for the first time. During the 20th century, Noam Chomsky became associated with rationalism due to his positing the concept of an innate "language acquisition device."[3]

Rationalism, or "economic rationalism," is also a term of art in economics. It is generally used today in Australia to refer to the local brand of neoliberal economic and political policy, though it was also used by scholars such as Max Weber in reference to the Protestant work ethic.[4]

Rationalism is also used as a self-descriptor by followers of Eliezer Yudkowsky, and the community that has grown up around him (in particular the website LessWrong).[5] Scott Alexander argues that, in this context, it refers less to a particular set of beliefs (an ideology), but more to the social community those beliefs support, a "tribe".[5]

Another straightforward conception of rationality is that an individual acts rationally if they act in the way that, on reflection, they believe best suits achievement of their aims. This conception, naturally, gives rise to the common conception when on reflection it is believed that the aim of truth can best be achieved through factual analysis and the scientific method.

This approach, however, is problematic, as it denies the existence of any sort of objective logic independent of human perception. Many, on reflection, believe that astrology, Scientology, homeopathy and other ridiculous nonsense best suits achievement of their aims. If these people are to be held to be irrational, a new criterion must be put in the place of on reflection. Usually the criterion is modified such that the rational person must reasonably believe they have a methodology to achieve their aims, leaving question of what it means to reasonably believe that a methodology will achieve certain aims.[6]

Alvin Plantinga's concept of rationalism neatly distinguishes reason from "raving madness" by conceiving of reason as "not raving mad".[7] Of course Plantinga has to give us a good idea of what is not "raving mad", which he does with his concept of "proper function". Just as a clock, functioning properly, is a reliable indicator of the time, human senses, functioning properly, are reliable indicators of the world. Acting in accordance with the proper function of our faculties is rational.

The problem of what constitutes function, and proper function at that, is more than a question of what our faculties do (a fast clock tells the incorrect time, but this is not its function). Both function and proper function have an element of what things should be doing. As should is a difficult concept to introduce in a mechanistic description of how things happen to be, Plantinga sources the "should", the "purpose" of our faculties in a concept of God.

Critical rationalism ( Karl Popper) differentiates from the above conceptions of rationality by rejecting any positive content in reason. Reason, critical rationalism holds, does not provide 'reasons': it does not give positive recommendations about what beliefs should be held. Reason operates negatively, restricting the beliefs that can be held. It does this through criticism, subjecting pre-adopted beliefs to tests in an effort to refute them.

The dispute between rationalism and empiricism concerns the extent to which we are dependent upon sense experience in our effort to gain knowledge. Rationalists claim that there are significant ways in which our concepts and knowledge are gained independently of sense experience. Empiricists claim that sense experience is the ultimate source of all our concepts and knowledge.

Rationalists generally develop their view in two ways. First, they argue that there are cases where the content of our concepts or knowledge outstrips the information that sense experience can provide. Second, they construct accounts of how reason in some form or other provides that additional information about the world. Empiricists present complementary lines of thought. First, they develop accounts of how experience provides the information that rationalists cite, insofar as we have it in the first place. (Empiricists will at times opt for skepticism as an alternative to rationalism: if experience cannot provide the concepts or knowledge the rationalists cite, then we don't have them.) Second, empiricists attack the rationalists' accounts of how reason is a source of concepts or knowledge.

A serious problem for the Innate Knowledge thesis remains, however. We know a proposition only if it is true, we believe it and our belief is warranted. Rationalists who assert the existence of innate knowledge are not just claiming that, as a matter of human evolution, God's design or some other factor, at a particular point in our development, certain sorts of experiences trigger our belief in particular propositions in a way that does not involve our learning them from the experiences. Their claim is even bolder: In at least some of these cases, our empirically triggered, but not empirically warranted, belief is nonetheless warranted and so known. How can these beliefs be warranted if they do not gain their warrant from the experiences that cause us to have them or from intuition and deduction?

Some rationalists think that a reliabilist account of warrant provides the answer. According to Reliabilism, beliefs are warranted if they are formed by a process that generally produces true beliefs rather than false ones. The true beliefs that constitute our innate knowledge are warranted, then, because they are formed as the result of a reliable belief-forming process. Carruthers maintains that Innate beliefs will count as known provided that the process through which they come to be innate is a reliable one (provided, that is, that the process tends to generate beliefs that are true) (1992, p. 77). He argues that natural selection results in the formation of some beliefs and is a truth-reliable process.

An appeal to Reliabilism, or a similar causal theory of warrant, may well be the best way for rationalists to develop the Innate Knowledge thesis. They have a difficult row to hoe, however. First, such accounts of warrant are themselves quite controversial. Second, rationalists must give an account of innate knowledge that maintains and explains the distinction between innate knowledge and a posteriori knowledge, and it is not clear that they will be able to do so within such an account of warrant. Suppose for the sake of argument that we have innate knowledge of some proposition, P. What makes our knowledge that P innate? To sharpen the question, what difference between our knowledge that P and a clear case of a posteriori knowledge, say our knowledge that something is red based on our current visual experience of a red table, makes the former innate and the latter not innate? In each case, we have a true, warranted belief. In each case, presumably, our belief gains its warrant from the fact that it meets a particular causal condition, e.g., it is produced by a reliable process. In each case, the causal process is one in which an experience causes us to believe the proposition at hand (that P; that something is red), for, as defenders of innate knowledge admit, our belief that P is triggered by an experience, as is our belief that something is red. The insight behind the Innate Knowledge thesis seems to be that the difference between our innate and a posteriori knowledge lies in the relation between our experience and our belief in each case. The experience that causes our belief that P does not contain the information that P, while our visual experience of a red table does contain the information that something is red. Yet, exactly what is the nature of this containment relation between our experiences, on the one hand, and what we believe, on the other, that is missing in the one case but present in the other? The nature of the experience-belief relation seems quite similar in each. The causal relation between the experience that triggers our belief that P and our belief that P is contingent, as is the fact that the belief-forming process is reliable. The same is true of our experience of a red table and our belief that something is red. The causal relation between the experience and our belief is again contingent. We might have been so constructed that the experience we describe as being appeared to redly caused us to believe, not that something is red, but that something is hot. The process that takes us from the experience to our belief is also only contingently reliable. Moreover, if our experience of a red table contains the information that something is red, then that fact, not the existence of a reliable belief-forming process between the two, should be the reason why the experience warrants our belief. By appealing to Reliablism, or some other causal theory of warrant, rationalists may obtain a way to explain how innate knowledge can be warranted. They still need to show how their explanation supports an account of the difference between innate knowledge and a posteriori knowledge.

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CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Rationalism

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(Latin, ratio reason, the faculty of the mind which forms the ground of calculation, i.e. discursive reason. See APOLOGETICS; ATHEISM; BIBLE; DEISM; EMPIRICISM; ETHICS; BIBLICAL EXEGESIS; FAITH; MATERIALISM; MIRACLE; REVELATION).

The term is used: (1) in an exact sense, to designate a particular moment in the development of Protestant thought in Germany; (2) in a broader, and more usual, sense to cover the view (in relation to which many schools may be classed as rationalistic) that the human reason, or understanding, is the sole source and final test of all truth. It has further: (3) occasionally been applied to the method of treating revealed truth theologically, by casting it into a reasoned form, and employing philosophical Categories in its elaboration. These three uses of the term will be discussed in the present article.

The German school of theological Rationalism formed a part of the more general movement of the eighteenth-century "Enlightenment". It may be said to owe its immediate origin to the philosophical system of Christian Wolff (1679-1754), which was a modification, with Aristotelean features, of that of Leibniz, especially characterized by its spiritualism, determinism, and dogmatism. This philosophy and its method exerted a profound influence upon contemporaneous German religious thought, providing it with a rationalistic point of view in theology and exegesis. German philosophy in the eighteenth century was, as a whole, tributary to Leibniz, whose "Thodice" was written principally against the Rationalism of Bayle: it was marked by an infiltration of English Deism and French Materialism, to which the Rationalism at present considered had great affinity, and towards which it progressively developed: and it was vulgarized by its union with popular literature. Wolff himself was expelled from his chair at the University of Halle on account of the Rationalistic nature of his teaching, principally owing to the action of Lange (1670-1774; cf. "Causa Dei et religionis naturalis adversus atheismum", and "Modesta Disputatio", Halle, 1723). Retiring to Marburg, he taught there until 1740, when he was recalled to Halle by Frederick II. Wolff's attempt to demonstrate natural religion rationally was in no sense an attack upon revelation. As a "supranaturalist" he admitted truths above reason, and he attempted to support by reason the supernatural truths contained in Holy Scripture. But his attempt, while it incensed the pietistic school and was readily welcomed by the more liberal and moderate among the orthodox Lutherans, in reality turned out to be strongly in favour of the Naturalism that he wished to condemn. Natural religion, he asserted, is demonstrable; revealed religion is to be found in the Bible alone. But in his method of proof of the authority of Scripture recourse was had to reason, and thus the human mind became, logically, the ultimate arbiter in the case of both. Supranaturalism in theology, which it was Wolff's intention to uphold, proved incompatible with such a philosophical position, and Rationalism took its place. This, however, is to be distinguished from pure Naturalism, to which it led, but with which it never became theoretically identified. Revelation was not denied by the Rationalists; though, as a matter of fact, if not of theory, it was quietly suppressed by the claim, with its ever-increasing application, that reason is the competent judge of all truth. Naturalists, on the other hand, denied the fact of revelation. As with Deism and Materialism, the German Rationalism invaded the department of Biblical exegesis. Here a destructive criticism, very similar to that of the Deists, was levelled against the miracles recorded in, and the authenticity of the Holy Scripture. Nevertheless, the distinction between Rationalism and Naturalism still obtained. The great Biblical critic Semler (1725-91), who is one of the principal representatives of the school, was a strong opponent of the latter; in company with Teller (1734-1804) and others he endeavoured to show that the records of the Bible have no more than a local and temporary character, thus attempting to safeguard the deeper revelation, while sacrificing to the critics its superficial vehicle. He makes the distinction between theology and religion (by which he signifies ethics).

The distinction made between natural and revealed religion necessitated a closer definition of the latter. For Supernaturalists and Rationalists alike religion was held to be "a way of knowing and worshipping the Deity", but consisting chiefly, for the Rationalists, in the observance of God's law. This identification of religion with morals, which at the time was utilitarian in character (see UTILITARIANISM), led to further developments in the conceptions of the nature of religion, the meaning of revelation, and the value of the Bible as a collection of inspired writings. The earlier orthodox Protestant view of religion as a body of truths published and taught by God to man in revelation was in process of disintegration. In Semler's distinction between religion (ethics) on the one hand and theology on the other, with Herder's similar separation of religion from theological opinions and religious usages, the cause of the Christian religion, as they conceived it, seemed to be put beyond the reach of the shock of criticism, which, by destroying the foundations upon which it claimed to rest, had gone so far to discredit the older form of Lutheranism. Kant's (1724-1804) criticism of the reason, however, formed a turning-point in the development of Rationalism. For a full understanding of his attitude, the reader must be acquainted with the nature of his pietistic upbringing and later scientific and philosophical formation in the Leibniz-Wolff school of thought (see PHILOSOPHY OF KANT). As far as concerns the point that occupies us at present, Kant was a Rationalist. For him religion was coextensive, with natural, though not utilitarian, morals. When he met with the criticisms of Hume and undertook his famous "Kritik", his preoccupation was to safeguard his religious opinions, his rigorous morality, from the danger of criticism. This he did, not by means of the old Rationalism, but by throwing discredit upon metaphysics. The accepted proofs of the existence of God, immortality, and liberty were thus, in his opinion, overthrown, and the well-known set of postulates of the "categoric imperative" put forward in their place. This, obviously, was the end of Rationalism in its earlier form, in which the fundamental truths of religion were set out as demonstrable by reason. But, despite the shifting of the burden of religion from the pure to the practical reason, Kant himself never seems to have reached the view --; to which all his work pointed --; that religion is not mere ethics, "conceiving moral laws as divine commands", no matter how far removed from Utilitarianism --; not an affair of the mind, but of the heart and will; and that revelation does not reach man by way of an exterior promulgation, but consists in a personal adaptation towards God. This conception was reached gradually with the advance of the theory that man possesses a religious sense, or faculty, distinct from the rational (Fries, 1773-1843; Jacobi, 1743-1819; Herder, 1744-1803; all opposed to the Intellectualism of Kant), and ultimately found expression with Schleiermacher (1768-1834), for whom religion is to be found neither in knowledge nor in action, but in a peculiar attitude of mind which consists in the consciousness of absolute dependence upon God. Here the older distinction between natural and revealed religion disappears. All that can be called religion the consciousness of dependence is at the same time revelational, and all religion is of the same character. There is no special revelation in the older Protestant (the Catholic) sense, but merely this attitude of dependence brought into being in the individual by the teaching of various great personalities who, from time to time, have manifested an extraordinary sense of the religious. Schleiermacher was a contemporary of Fichte, Schelling, and Hegel, whose philosophical speculations had influence, with his own, in ultimately subverting Rationalism as here dealt with. The movement may be said to have ended with him in the opinion of Teller "the greatest theologian that the Protestant Church has had since the period of the Reformation". The majority of modern Protestant theologians accept his views, not, however, to the exclusion of knowledge as a basis of religion.

Parallel with the development of the philosophical and theological views as to the nature of religion and the worth of revelation, which provided it with its critical principles, took place an exegetical evolution. The first phase consisted in replacing the orthodox Protestant doctrine (i.e. that the Sacred Scriptures are the Word of God) by a distinction between the Word of God contained in the Bible and the Bible itself (Tllner, Herder), though the Rationalists still held that the purer source of revelation lies rather in the written than in the traditional word. This distinction led inevitably to the destruction, of the rigid view of inspiration, and prepared the ground for the second phase. The principle of accommodation was now employed to explain the difficulties raised by the Scripture records of miraculous events and demoniacal manifestations (Senf, Vogel), and arbitrary methods of exegesis were also used to the same end (Paulus, Eichhorn). In the third phase Rationalists had reached the point of allowing the possibility of mistakes having been made by Christ and the Apostles, at any rate with regard to non-essential parts of religion. All the devices of exegesis were employed vainly; and, in the end, Rationalists found themselves forced to admit that the authors of the New Testament must have written from a point of view different from that which a modern theologian would adopt (Henke, Wegseheider). This principle, which is sufficiently elastic to admit of usage by nearly every variety of opinion, was admitted by several of the Supernaturalists (Reinhard, Storr), and is very generally accepted by modern Protestant divines, in the rejection of verbal inspiration. Herder is very clear on the distinction the truly inspired must be discerned from that which is not; and de Wette lays down as the canon of interpretation "the religious perception of the divine operation, or of the Holy Spirit, in the sacred writers as regards their belief and inspiration, but not respecting their faculty of forming ideas. . ." In an extreme form it may be seen employed in such works as Strauss's "Leben Jesu", where the hypothesis of the mythical nature of miracles is developed to a greater extent than by Schleiermacher or de Wette.

Rationalism, in the broader, popular meaning of the term, is used to designate any mode of thought in which human reason holds the place of supreme criterion of truth; in this sense, it is especially applied to such modes of thought as contrasted with faith. Thus Atheism, Materialism, Naturalism, Pantheism, Scepticism, etc., fall under the head of rationalistic systems. As such, the rationalistic tendency has always existed in philosophy, and has generally shown itself powerful in all the critical schools. As has been noted in the preceding paragraph, German Rationalism had strong affinities with English Deism and French Materialism, two historic forms in which the tendency has manifested itself. But with the vulgarization of the ideas contained in the various systems that composed these movements, Rationalism has degenerated. It has become connected in the popular mind with the shallow and misleading philosophy frequently put forward in the name of science, so that a double confusion has arisen, in which;

This Rationalism is now rather a spirit, or attitude, ready to seize upon any arguments, from any source and of any or no value, to urge against the doctrines and practices of faith. Beside this crude and popular form it has taken, for which the publication of cheap reprints and a vigorous propaganda are mainly responsible, there runs the deeper and more thoughtful current of critical-philosophical Rationalism, which either rejects religion and revelation altogether or treats them in much the same manner as did the Germans. Its various manifestations have little in common in method or content, save the general appeal to reason as supreme. No better description of the position can be given than the statements of the objects of the Rationalist Press Association. Among these are: "To stimulate the habits of reflection and inquiry and the free exercise of individual intellect . . . and generally to assert the supremacy of reason as the natural and necessary means to all such knowledge and wisdom as man can achieve". A perusal of the publications of the same will show in what sense this representative body interprets the above statement. It may be said finally, that Rationalism is the direct and logical outcome of the principles of Protestantism; and that the intermediary form, in which assent is given to revealed truth as possessing the imprimatur of reason, is only a phase in the evolution of ideas towards general disbelief. Official condemnations of the various forms of Rationalism, absolute and mitigated, are to be found in the Syllabus of Pius IX.

The term Rationalism is perhaps not usually applied to the theological method of the Catholic Church. All forms of theological statement, however, and pre-eminently the dialectical form of Catholic theology, are rationalistic in the truest sense. Indeed, the claim of such Rationalism as is dealt with above is directly met by the counter claim of the Church: that it is at best but a mutilated and unreasonable Rationalism, not worthy of the name, while that of the Church is rationally complete, and integrated, moreover, with super-rational truth. In this sense Catholic theology presupposes the certain truths of natural reason as the preambula fidei, philosophy (the ancilla theologi) is employed in the defence of revealed truth (see APOLOGETICS), and the content of Divine revelation is treated and systematized in the categories of natural thought. This systematization is carried out both in dogmatic and moral theology. It is a process contemporaneous with the first attempt at a scientific statement of religious truth, comes to perfection of method in the works of such writers as St. Thomas Aquinas and St. Alphonsus, and is consistently employed and developed in the Schools.

HAGENBACH, Kirchengesch. des 18. Jahrhunderts in Vorlesungen ber Wesen u. Gesch. der Reformation in Deutschland etc., V-VI (Leipzig, 1834-43); IDEM (tr. BUCH), Compendium of the History of Doctrines (Edinburgh, 1846); HASE, Kirchengesch. (Leipzig, 1886); HENKE, Rationalismus u. Traditionalismus im 19. Jahrh. (Halle, 1864); HURST, History of Rationalism (New York, 1882); LERMINIER, De l'influence de la philosophie du XVIIIe sicle (Paris, 1833); SAINTES, Hist. critique du rationalisme en Allemagne (Paris, 1841); SCHLEIERMACHER, Der christl. Glaube nach der Grundstzen der evangelischen Kirche (Berlin, 1821-22): SEMLER, Von freier Untersuchung des Kanons (Halle, 1771-75); IDEM, Institutio ad doctrinam christianam liberaliter discendam (Halle, 1774); IDEM, Versuch einer freier theologischen Lehrart (Halle, 1777); STADLIN, Gesch. des Rationalismus u. Supranaturalismus (Gttingen, 1826); THOLUCK, Vorgesch. des Rationalismus (Halle, 1853-62); BENN, History of Rationalism in the Nineteenth Century (London, 1906).

APA citation. Aveling, F. (1911). Rationalism. In The Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/12652a.htm

MLA citation. Aveling, Francis. "Rationalism." The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 12. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1911. <http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/12652a.htm>.

Transcription. This article was transcribed for New Advent by Douglas J. Potter. Dedicated to the Sacred Heart of Jesus Christ.

Ecclesiastical approbation. Nihil Obstat. June 1, 1911. Remy Lafort, S.T.D., Censor. Imprimatur. +John Cardinal Farley, Archbishop of New York.

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CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Rationalism

Tenerife: A tale of two islands – The New European

PUBLISHED: 09:00 12 July 2020

Emma Luck

The modern architecture concert hall Auditorio de Tenerife in Santa Cruz. Picture: Getty Images

2011 EyesWideOpen

For many, Tenerife is synonymous with beachside package holidays. But, as EMMA LUCK explains, thats only half the islands story.

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So vast is the tourism industry that has sprung up on Tenerife that it can at least from afar obscure a quite different side to the island.

But as this domineering sector has grown and utterly transformed the largest of the Canary Islands, so have efforts been made to safeguard its distinctive historical and cultural identity. The solution has been to effectively split the island in two.

This has seen the southern end establish itself as one of Europes most popular destinations, where visitors primarily from the north of the continent flock year-round to enjoy the warm climate and home-from-home facilities. This tourist boom has, of course, generated phenomenal revenues but the south has paid a high price by losing an element of its own Spanish identity to cater to its visitors, with more generic activities such as water sports, boat trips and theme parks.

The north, meanwhile, has been quietly getting on with a cultural evolution of a more Canarian nature. It has managed to establish a more successful symbiosis and its own cultural relevance hasnt been surrendered to the might of tourism.

There is no epic distance between the lower and upper portions of Tenerife. Only 47 miles separate the jam-packed beaches and giant hotels of Playa de las Americas and the capital Santa Cruz but there is minimal crossover, and the one feels a world away from the other.

It was not always thus. Before tourism came to dominate, the island was a much more homogenous entity, united by a very specific culture which stretched back through the centuries.

It was the fair-haired Guanches and their legendary mencey (kings) who first really stamped their mark on Tenerife. They arrived on the archipelago during the first millennium BC and are descended from the Berber tribes of North Africa.

The Guanches ruled over the Atlantic and established trade routes with the Romans. Their religion was polytheistic although the cult of the dead was also prominent; their practices included the mummification of the deceased, excellent examples of which can be found in the islands museums.

Their long rule finally ended in 1496 when, after four years of conflict, the Guanche kings and their warriors were finally overwhelmed by the Spanish. Tenerife had been the last of the Canary Islands to be conquered and had taken the longest to submit to the Castilian troops.

Conquest meant a new era for the island. San Cristbal de la Laguna, widely held to be the islands most beautiful city, was established at this time and became the capital. Declared a World Heritage site in 1999, the northern city has the pick of the historic sites, including the 16th century Royal Sanctuary Church and the 1904 Cathedral of San Cristbal de La Laguna. The city is also home to the University of La Laguna, the establishment of which made it the archipelagos first university city.

It yielded to Santa Cruz, also in the north of the island, in the 1700s due to a declining economy and population, and the port city eventually became the capital of Tenerife and the Canary Islands, a status which it now shares with Las Palmas, on Gran Canaria.

During these centuries, the island was well placed to capitalise on the bountiful trade routes that crisscrossed the surrounding ocean. Its strategic position also made it a tempting target for Spains enemies. Lord Nelson lost an arm during an unsuccessful attempt to take Tenerife during the Battle of Santa Cruz de Tenerife in 1797. And the great man was not alone in failing to wrest the island from its inhabitants. A task force led by Sir Walter Raleigh had come up short a century earlier.

This independent spirit and arms length rule from Spain which lay several days sailing away may have been a factor in the burgeoning cultural scene for which Tenerife became known. Many of the islands earliest creatives benefitted from a greater level of freedom than their counterparts in mainland Spain who were caught more directly in the gaze of the all-powerful Catholic monarchy.

As the more developed part of the island closer to Spain and those vital trade routes, and an altogether more hospitable location than the drier, more arid south, the undefended coast of which was vulnerable to pirates the northern area became its cultural epicentre.

The first centre for painting was in La Laguna, with the earliest protagonists setting up their easels there in the 16th century. As the movement developed, other schools opened in La Orotava, Puerto de la Cruz and Santa Cruz, which became a key hub not only for the exchange not only of goods but of ideas and culture, thanks to its port.

Valentin Sanz, born in Santa Cruz in 1849, was the earliest known landscape painter in the Canary Islands. Yet his career shows that while a remote and isolated island location can foster artistic talent, that same remoteness and isolation can also be a limiting factor. Like many Tinerfenos, Sanz had to leave the region to drive his career forward. He studied in Seville and Madrid, and worked as a professor in the San Alejandro Academy of Fine Arts in Cuba. His work tackles the issue of light and colour with great character, closing in on impressionism. Some of his work is displayed at the Municipal Museum of Fine Arts of Santa Cruz, including El Paisaje de La Laguna (The Landscape of La Laguna).

The close of the 19th century saw Realism and Impressionism cohabiting with strains of Romanticism that could still be seen in the works of some artists on the island. The first recorded impressionist painter on the island was Juan Rodriguez Botas (1880-1917).

He progressed from the early work done by Sanz and adopted the style that was then sweeping France. Santa Cruz-born Francisco Bonnn Guern (1874-1963), on the other hand, was a master of watercolours to such an extent that he created his own school of landscape painting and founded the influential Association of Canary Watercolour Painters, many of whose members followed his technique and won awards.

As for the most famous of the islands artists, that title sits well upon the shoulders of Oscar Dominguez (1906-1957). Considered one of Spains greatest surrealist painters after Mir, Dal and Picasso, Dominguez left a large and highly personal collection of work which is displayed throughout the island. Although he ended up in Paris, his work is heavily influenced by his Tinerfeno heritage and is peppered with Canarian references such as mountains and the native dragon tree.

Alongside its distinct artistic heritage, Tenerife also developed its own literary culture. This emerged from an oral storytelling tradition in the mid-15th century, which evolved over time towards different genres such as epic poetry, Baroque aesthetics, Neoclassical prose and Romanticism. In this evolution, it was slightly behind the curve of European artistic trends, due primarily to the sheer distance it lay from the rest of the continent.

Despite this, Tenerifes rich literary seam has produced several notable authors. Antonio de Viana was born in La Laguna in 1578 and his epic poem Antiguedades de las Islas Afortunadas (Antiques of the Fortunate Islands) was an ode to the Guanches and tells of the conquest of Tenerife by Spain. It offers a wealth of historical information about this pivotal period.

Later, in the 18th century, the enlightenment saw a vibrant cultural movement spring up on the island which lasted into the 20th century and beyond.

Many of its members were united by the fact that they found themselves in conflict with the Catholic church or central government over their beliefs:

Writer Jose Viera y Clavijo (1731-1813) established himself at the heart of this creative movement where he was able to reconcile his faith and personal beliefs with the reality as described by science. Also a priest, his rationalism led him to clash with the church. His work covers all literary genres but he spent two decades working on his masterpiece Noticias (News), a wide-ranging history of the Canary Islands which described the origin, character and customs of its ancient inhabitants and their conquest by the Europeans.

Neoclassical writer, poet and native of Puerto de la Cruz, Tomas de Iriarte (1750-1791), was one of the first dramatists to bring the Neoclassical style to a wider audience. Universally celebrated as the author of Fabulas literarias (Literary fables) his later years were dogged by controversy and in 1786 he was reported to the Inquisition for his sympathies with the French philosophers.

Considered the father of Catalan theatre, Santa Cruz-born playwright ngel Guimer (1845-1924) was nominated a staggering 23 times for the Nobel Prize in Literature but never won due to political pressure from Spains central government. After moving back to his fathers birthplace in Catalonia, he wrote a number of plays including Tierra baja (Lowlands) and Mar y cielo (Sea and Sky) which were translated into other languages and performed abroad. He proved to be instrumental in the revival of Catalan as a literary language in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. His birthplace paid tribute by naming the main theatre of Santa Cruz de Tenerife, the oldest on the Canary Islands, after him.

By the age of 14, La Laguna-born novelist, dramatist and poet Mercedes Pinto had made a name for herself, becoming known as the Canarian Poetess. Her most famous work, the semi-autobigraphical l (This Strange Passion), was adapted for the big screen by the film-maker Luis Buuel. Her pursuit of a feminist agenda led to conflict with the Catholic church and she was forced to live most of her life outside Spain.

These themes of art and literature clashing with conservatism are not unique to Tenerife, or to Spain, of course. And the island has not managed to escape the most destructive forces of reaction. The Canary Islands fell to the nationalists in 1936 and a mass execution of Francos opponents in Tenerife followed, an atrocity that led many Tinerfeos to relocate to Latin America.

Francos dictatorship had a suppressive effect on Tenerifes cultural life, but did not snuff it out. The years of his rule also saw significant advances in the islands tourism industry.

Its attraction to overseas visitors was nothing new. Back in the late 1800s, tourism had been centred on northern Tenerife, with well-heeled Europeans heading there to escape their freezing winters.

With very little seasonal variation, the year-round mild climate and clear air were promoted as offering a variety of health benefits. It quickly became the main source of revenue with Puerto de la Cruz the first city to develop as a leisure destination as the earliest visitors arrived by steamer into the port at Santa Cruz.

During her visit in 1927 when she fled to the island two months after her infamous 11-day disappearance, Agatha Christie, was inspired to finish her novels The Mystery of the Blue Train and The Mysterious Mr Quinn.

As travel was revolutionised in the second half of the 20th century, however, the focus moved dramatically from the north to the south of the island.

The northern end has a noticeably higher rainfall because of its proximity to Mount Teide, Tenerifes own volcano. The hotter, drier south was therefore more attractive for the new generation of jet-setting tourists who were able to arrive at, and move around, the island more easily than in the past. Whats more, the area was far less developed than the north, so offered greater opportunities for the construction of mega resorts such as Playa de Las Americas and Los Cristianos.

George Harrison, Ringo Starr and Paul McCartney helped put the island on the tourism map when they went on holiday in Tenerife after releasing their first album in 1963. They blended happily into the crowds of foreign visitors and were able to enjoy their last holiday undisturbed by bodyguards, fans and the press.

As the number of visitors grew, the often fog-bound Los Rodeos (Tenerife North) airport was under great strain. In 1977, 583 people were killed when two Boeing 747 jets collided on a foggy runway, in the deadliest accident in aviation history.

The following year, Reina Sofia airport (Tenerife South) opened. It now handles around 90% of visitors to the island, dwarfing its northern counterpart, and has cemented the separation of Tenerifes north and south and utterly transformed its tourism economy.

The sector may have threatened, at times since, to overwhelm the islands cultural character, but it has never succeeded. Indeed, in recent years, the distinct artistic identity of the northern end of the island has been further strengthened by a wave of architectural innovation that is apparent in many major art and music venues.

The dramatic white building on Santa Cruzs waterfront is unmissable. Its roof soars 58 metres over the main auditorium and then curves downwards, narrowing to a point like a crashing Atlantic wave. This is the Tenerife Concert Hall, a focal point for the norths lively arts programme. It is home to the Tenerife Symphony Orchestra and has welcomed guest soloists of the calibre of Plcido Domingo to cement its reputation as a national and international benchmark orchestra. The renowned pera de Tenerife is also based there.

Tucked alongside the Barranco de Santos ravine in Santa Cruz stands the Tenerife Arts Centre (TEA -Tenerife Espacio de las Artes). It works effectively as a catalyst, connecting the daily life of Santa Cruz with the islands art and culture. It houses a permanent exhibition of the works of Tenerifes own scar Domnguez and has exhibited pieces by Andy Warhol and Henry Moore.

The buildings diagonal elements and sloping floors showcase a contemporary space designed by the Canaries-born Virgilio Gutirrez Herreros and Swiss architects Herzog & de Meuron who were responsible for Londons Tate Modern.

Today, the island seems to have made peace with its informal divide. It reaps the financial benefits from its southern resorts while maintaining its identity and historical narrative via its cultural stronghold in the north. Could this offer a blueprint for tourism elsewhere and avoid cultural heritage being lost forever to a fast tourist buck...?

Almost four years after its creation The New European goes from strength to strength across print and online, offering a pro-European perspective on Brexit and reporting on the political response to the coronavirus outbreak, climate change and international politics. But we can only rebalance the right wing extremes of much of the UK national press with your support. If you value what we are doing, you can help us by making a contribution to the cost of our journalism.

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Tenerife: A tale of two islands - The New European

Global Offshore Wellhead Platform Decommissioning Market Research Report 2020 by Key Players, Types, Applications, Market Size, Countries and Forecast…

Offshore Wellhead Platform Decommissioning Market is systematic exploration that delivers key statistics on the market status of the development trends, competitive landscape analysis, and key regions development status. The report has included strong players and analyses their limitations and strong points of the well-known players through SWOT analysis. This Report covers growing trends that are linked with major opportunities for the expansion of the Offshore Wellhead Platform Decommissioning industry.

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Surface equipment DismantlingUnderwater equipment Dismantling

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Chapter 2 World Market Competition Landscape

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Chapter 4 Supply Chain Analysis

Chapter 5 Company Profiles

Chapter 6 Globalization & Trade

Chapter 7 Distributors and Customers

Chapter 8 Import, Export, Consumption and Consumption Value by Major Countries

Chapter 9 World Offshore Wellhead Platform Decommissioning Market Forecast through 2026

Chapter 10 Key success factors and Market Overview

It concludes by throwing light on the recent developments that took place in the Offshore Wellhead Platform Decommissioning market and their influence on the future growth of this market.

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Global Offshore Wellhead Platform Decommissioning Market Research Report 2020 by Key Players, Types, Applications, Market Size, Countries and Forecast...

Japan to build more offshore wind farms: minister – The Mainichi

A wind turbine stands at the Hama Wing wind power station during a media tour of a low-carbon hydrogen supply chain demonstration project on July 12, 2017, in Yokohama. (Getty/Kyodo)

TOKYO (Kyodo) -- Japan will build more offshore wind farms as part of its shift away from fossil fuels, industry minister Hiroshi Kajiyama said Friday.

Kajiyama said over the next decade, Japan will aim to add infrastructure with the capacity to generate 1 gigawatt each year, eventually reaching a combined 30 gigawatts by 2040.

Japan currently generates just 20,000 kilowatts through offshore wind farms, all of which are government projects. One gigawatt is equal to 1 million kilowatts.

The push for offshore wind farms will be included in the government's new plan on promoting renewable energy, which will be finalized by next March after discussions with the private sector.

"Wind power will play a big role in making renewable energy a primary energy source for Japan," Kajiyama said at a press conference.

Kajiyama said the introduction of large-scale wind farms off the country's coast would not only have a positive impact on the environment but also the economy, as each facility is composed of about 10,000 to 20,000 parts and would require decades of maintenance.

Japan has faced international scrutiny for being unwilling to reduce its reliance on fossil fuels. The country had 150 coal-fired power units as of the end of June, and critics say a plan to scrap about 100 of them over the next decade is not enough.

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Japan to build more offshore wind farms: minister - The Mainichi

Latest Study explores the Offshore Mooring Systems Market Witness Highest Growth in near future – Cole of Duty

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The Offshore Mooring Systems market research report unveils a detailed collection of major parameters pertaining to the industry in question. An inherent outline of the market segmentation has also been provided in the report in tandem with a brief outline of the industry, based on its current status. The report encompasses the market size of the business sphere with respect to the volume as well as returns.

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Latest Study explores the Offshore Mooring Systems Market Witness Highest Growth in near future - Cole of Duty

Partnership to develop satellite-based control of offshore drones – Offshore Oil and Gas Magazine

Offshore staff

FAREHAM, UK Flylogix and Cambridge Consultants have agreed to collaborate on harnessing Iridiums satellite communications to control unmanned aerial vehicles from a central hub.

The arrangement will allow Flylogix to transition from local drone piloting at the airfield to centrally controlled operations, strengthening its support service for offshore E&P activities.

Flylogixs service is designed to reduce the cost, risk, and environmental impact of gathering data offshore. According to the company, remote monitoring using satellite-controlled drones is a major step forward for offshore operations, with applications that extend beyond line of sight representing the next frontier in the development of drone services.

Conventional radio-based drone control systems cannot support central control, the company said, adding that until now, satellite-based control systems have not been commercially viable in the private sector.

Central control hub.(Courtesy Flylogix)

Flylogixs dual-satellite link exploits the Iridium network using what it claims is one of the smallest transceivers available. Cambridge Consultants, which has a long-term strategic relationship with Iridium, will work with the company to develop and improve the systems performance for more robust and reliable global operations, all controlled from Flylogixs headquarters on the UK south coast.

To support the development, Flylogix has formed a relationship with a major provider of offshore drilling services: the latter will supply an offshore platform for test operations along with insights into offshore inspection and data gathering.

Innovate UK is also supporting the development.

07/16/2020

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Partnership to develop satellite-based control of offshore drones - Offshore Oil and Gas Magazine

Free will and determinism – Economic Times

BY NARAYANI GANESH

In classical physics, everything is mechanistic, pre-determined and, therefore, predictable and controlled, in a world where sensory experiences are perceived as reality. But quantum physics says that pre-determined behaviour could be subject to change when there is molecular uncertainty. Are we products of the determinate variables in particle physics and so live a pre-destined, pre- determined life? Or could we exercise free will and change things?

George Ellis, professor in the department of mathematics, University of Cape Town, says that while on the one hand we talk of the predictable, mechanistic universe that classical physics is premised on, on the other hand, we have quantum physics at the micro level, where Heisenbergs Uncertainty Principle overturns the theory of determinism. A mechanistic universe with a physically determined trajectory may submit to uncertainties where nothing can be predicted with certainty.

In the biological universe too, it is not only physical DNA that determines lifes trajectory. Yes, scientists did discover that the DNA molecule contains codes that indicate our genetic inheritance from our forefathers. Yet, it is seen that not all those who are carrying information that predisposes them to specific conditions show evidence of its manifestation. Why?

This is because there are other parameters and changing conditions that come into play, like nurture, the environment, mental attitude and free will. This is what spiritual masters call the art of altering your karma through exercise of free will, you could redesign your destiny.

DISCLAIMER : Views expressed above are the author's own.

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Free will and determinism - Economic Times

Armijo: Are we living in ‘The Matrix’? – Vail Daily News

For those who are unfamiliar, the film The Matrix made its debut in 1999. As a 19-year-old teen excited to see the next big-budget action movie of the summer, I was not looking to be changed by a film. The Matrix is a science fiction film starring Keanu Reeves as a hacker and corporate shlub who feels as though he is stuck on the hamster wheel of life. The main character is then contacted by a secret group who wakes up certain individuals to the fact that reality is actually a simulation we are all living in.

I was 19 and dreading the prospect of following societys path from school, to college, to a career, marriage, and death. It just seemed so prefabricated and soulless to me, so I could entirely relate to the main character. I had always felt out of place in this world and knew there was more I was destined for than to sit behind a desk for a quarter of my life until I was old enough to stop working and retire. The idea that we are living in a simulation was much more stimulating to me.

This idea that we are living in a simulation has been considered by many researchers over the years. Quantum physics states without thought, our universe would cease to exist which is a nod to the idea that we are actually creating the reality around us. This will seem very far fetched for a lot of people, yet many of these same people have no trouble believing in a supreme being who created us and everything around us.

As recently as 2015, physics professor Jim (James) Gates discovered binary code while researching superstring theory. Let me just clarify by saying binary code is a set of 1s and 0s which are used in computer programming and superstring theory is an attempt to explain all the particles and fundamental forces of nature in one theory of tiny vibrations of superstrings (minute particles of matter)

The simplest way to state this is that computer programming language has been discovered in the smallest particles of our universe. This means that, yes, it is very likely we are living in a type of simulation. Isnt that incredible?

So what does this all mean for those of us who are not studying physics or are not scientific researchers? It means we have the opportunity to completely change the programming to something we most want in our lives. If you want to have more free time, money, or vacations, you can do so. It means that which we see with our physical eyes is not actually the truth but only a perception of what we believe to be true and it is up to us to decide to either accept it or reject it.

What about the negative things we are receiving from the media? Isnt this all truth? Well, it is only if we decide to accept it as truth. We have all heard stories of people being diagnosed with terminal illnesses in which they were given only a short time to live but somehow tested free and clear of all illness only a short while later. How can this be? The simple answer is because these people refused to accept the reality their health practitioner tried to give them. Many people try to fight against cancer, AIDS, MS, etc. but this is wrong. There is a very famous quote by Carl Jung that states, what we resist not only persists but grows in size.

This means when we try and fight these illnesses and ailments, we unintentionally give them more power over us. Think of someone who wronged you in the past that you may have never gotten over. This person is like cancer in your mind and every time you think of them, you feel overwhelming emotions of anger and frustration which is effectively giving that person more power over you.

What is the correct way to change something you are not satisfied with your life? It is to focus on the opposite. Everything in this universe is based upon polarity (i.e. up and down, hot and cold, north and south, positive and negative, etc.). We must focus on the opposite of the things we do not want in this life to create change. If you want to overcome an illness, then you must focus on health and healing. If you want to get out of debt then focus on an abundance of money and not debt (otherwise you will create more debt). If you want to get over a bad relationship then focus on a positive, loving relationship.

When we begin to understand the power we have in this universe comes from within and not from without, miracles become commonplace. There are so many people looking at todays current situation and panicking due to a loss of income, loss of business, loss of freedoms, and so on and wondering when the outside world will begin to help them. Unfortunately, there will not be anyone coming to help out. We have more power than weve ever given ourselves credit to change this situation to something beneficial for all.

It is time for you to decide how you want to live your life. We can literally change the program to a life we desire which allows us a happier more enjoyable state of being. Do you want to live in fear, panic, and anxiety or do you want to live a life of beauty, abundance, and love? It is your choice and only your choice.

Chad Armijo lives in Edwards and is the founder of http://www.chadarmijocoaching.com, Elev8te SEO, and creator of the Mind Muscle Mastery program. He holds two masters degrees from Colorado State University in Business Management and Adult Teaching. In addition, he is a Master Certified NLP Life/Business Success Coach and Certified Ericksonian Hypnotherapist as well as a Pilates instructor. Find him on Facebook (@lifecoachingvail) or Instagram (@carmijo12) or email him at chadarmijocoaching@gmail.com.

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Armijo: Are we living in 'The Matrix'? - Vail Daily News

New Theory Suggests Time May Be Bigger Than We Imagine | TechQuila – TechQuila

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Time and all physical quantities have a unit. These units vary in magnitude and may be arbitrarily defined. Some might be illogical as well (no offence to imperial system supporters). In physics, however, units hold a very special place. In addition to their usual role, units can also lead physicists to some higher truths about the Universe in which we live.

One of the best examples of this is the Planck length. It is a base unit in the system of Planck units. It is defined by three fundamental constants: the speed of light, Plancks constant, and the Gravitational constant. It is coincidentally also the smallest distance about which current physics can make meaningful statements.

A new theory that has emerged recently suggests that the smallest conceivable length of time might be no larger than a millionth of a billionth of a billionth of a billionth of a second. This theory sheds some light on the concept that there might be an inbuilt clock in the universe or at least a fundamental clock-like property.

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The implication of the new theory could have some far-reaching consequences. It could help in the formation of a Theory of Everything, a noble attempt by physicists to resolve the disagreements of the two pillars of modern physics, quantum mechanics, and relativity.

The other more docile implications of this discovery are intriguing in their own right. The biggest question that this theory throws in our faces is, what is time? While for the general public, time might not be a very complicated topic; for scientists, it is the most complex of all.

The short answer to this question is that we do not know. Time described by quantum mechanics is an ever-flowing continuum of events, whereas, for relativity, it is the same as any other physical dimension, which can contract and expand.

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The concept of time having quantized ticks is not new. The quantum gravity model proposes that time is quantized and has a certain tick rate. This minimum tick rate is the Universal minimum tick rate, and no time measurement can be smaller than that. This theory has some implications for the atomic clocks that we use in modern equipment.

The theoretical conclusion of such a theory would be that two atomic clocks would eventually disagree with each other. The new theory uses this concept and the actual physical measurements from real atomic clocks to put a bound on the smallest possible tick of time.

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The model is beautiful as well as eye-opening as it is abstract but also uses physical evidence for its arguments. The sheer implications of this theory on the future course of physics is yet to be determined. However, it would not be insignificant in the least.

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New Theory Suggests Time May Be Bigger Than We Imagine | TechQuila - TechQuila

When it comes to books, hes listening – The Boston Globe

BOOKS: What have you been listening to that youve liked recently?

HAMBLIN: Theodore Dreisers An American Tragedy. I dont know if I like it. Im still thinking about it. Ive been listening to Robert Caros The Power Broker. I picked that up because Ive been thinking about how the infrastructure of New York may change because of the pandemic. Just like everyone else, I think thats an amazing book.

BOOKS: What were some of your pre-pandemic best reads?

HAMBLIN: I really enjoyed In the Land of Men by Adrienne Miller. Its about being a female editor at Esquire in the 90s and editing David Foster Wallace. The media coverage of the book was weirdly meta. The media described it as being a book about Wallace but it was about how these giant male literary characters overlooked Miller. My Year of Rest and Relaxation by Otessa Moshfegh was beautifully written and fun. I like fiction that is grounded in reality, but which is also extremely absurd.

BOOKS: Do you read books about science and medicine?

HAMBLIN: Not at all, because its what I do all day. I used to, books like Siddhartha Mukherjees The Emperor of all Maladies. Now I feel that I cant immerse myself in books about science, partly because I see all the mechanisms. I enjoy fiction because I have no idea how to do it. Fiction still looks like magic.

BOOKS: How would you describe the books you pick?

HAMBLIN: Voice and humor are the most important things to me. I love Hunter S. Thompsons work, especially Fear and Loathing on the Campaign Trail 72. He was very informative for me in understanding what it was that drew me to reading, that there is real person on the other side and the voice doesnt sound too polished. Thats what I like about social media, that authenticity, the sense that you are getting a first draft of history. Thompsons work has that energy and authenticity.

BOOKS: How did you discover audio books?

HAMBLIN: I finally got into this in college, and I cant say it was a sophisticated reading list. It was stuff like Stephen Hawkings A Brief History of Time. I was curious about the universe. I knew if I had a hard time reading I would have a hard time understanding a book about quantum physics. One of the first long books that I became deeply immersed in was Larry McMurtrys Lonesome Dove. I think I consider it my favorite because for most of my childhood I didnt think I could read a book that long. I remember not wanting to put Lonesome Dove down.

BOOKS: How did you survive high school?

HAMBLIN: I was in a public school in Indiana and I was an athlete and wanted to be a doctor. I didnt appreciate the value of literature. Id do my assignments and just get through them. I always did the worst on reading sections of standardized tests.

BOOKS: Were there any classics that ever grabbed you then?

HAMBLIN: No. I loved The Great Gatsby when I eventually listened to it. Ive listened to it about ten times. I had read it in high school but missed a question on a test about the color of the light at the end of Daisys dock. I thought that was a wildly unfair question. Now, I get it.

Follow us on Facebook or Twitter @GlobeBiblio. Amy Sutherland is the author, most recently, of Rescuing Penny Jane'' and she can be reached at amysutherland@mac.com.

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When it comes to books, hes listening - The Boston Globe

Best Live Dealer Casinos with Blackjack Diamond VIP by Evolution Gaming – Tunf.com News

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Best Live Dealer Casinos with Blackjack Diamond VIP by Evolution Gaming - Tunf.com News