We’ve got what it takes to endure these difficult days J. – The Jewish News of Northern California

Jews are a resilient people. Weve had no choice, having lived through exile, persecution, pogroms and Holocaust millennia of unrelenting anti-Semitism.

And that resiliency, that ability to withstand, persevere, even thrive, is an invaluable trait in these treacherous times when we are separated from loved ones, fearful of illness, and so many people are suffering from profound economic hardship and systemic racial injustice.

It is times like this that call to mind a quote I turn to when feeling weak or uncertain. The author is unknown:

When you have no choice, at least be brave.

Yes, these are difficult days. Not the summer we had yearned for. So many of us had hoped that by staying at home, strictly observing sheltering in place directives, we would flatten the curve and beat this thing. For many of us, it felt patriotic. We werent the first responders risking our lives in hospitals. We werent essential workers, driving buses or stocking supermarket shelves, but in our small way, we were doing our part. We were helping, too.

But sadly, bowing to political and growing economic pressure, politicians caved, and the country opened too fast. Infection rates are spiking all over the place.

Also rising are the depression rates of my friends. Have all our modest personal efforts to fight the pandemic been for naught?

One girlfriend admitted she has been breaking down into tears two or three times a day. She thought she was finally going to start seeing her grandson, but realizes that isnt going to happen anytime soon. Shes carrying on with her work, sitting through Zoom meeting after Zoom meeting, but still, shes sad, frightened and lonely.

Another friend had planned on hosting a small dinner party for her husbands 70th birthday all of us gathering outside, social distancing while celebrating the occasion. But now shes decided not to risk it. She too is feeling the pain of life only partially lived, isolated from friends and community.

We are social creatures, and Covid-19 isnt just destroying lives and the economy. Its robbing us of our energy and joy. And thats where the need for resiliency comes in.

I never was a cheerleader, but it seems more important than ever that we all dig deep within and find things that bring us pleasure and strength to get through these bleak days.

If you carry your own lantern, you will endure the dark. Hasidic saying

Rabbi Deborah Waxman, president of the Reconstructionist Rabbinical College and Jewish Reconstructionist Communities, wrote this in her article Keeping the Faith: Resilience in the Jewish Tradition on eJewishPhilanthropy.com:

The Talmud teaches that we should say 100 blessings a day. We could see this mandate as legalistic and oppressive, or we could see it as an invitation to engage in ongoing gratitude practice, to raise up the interconnectivity and abundance that undergird our daily lives even when our days are filled with challenge and loss.

I come from a family of fighters literally. My father boxed professionally for a short time. He said he wasnt very good. His explanation short arms caused by smoking cigars at an early age. But cigars or no cigars, my father really was a fighter. He had to drop out of school in sixth grade to help support his large family during the Depression. Still, he was the best-read person I ever knew. He could quote Shakespeare and Plato and debate the fine points of law with his two attorney sons. When illness robbed him of his eyesight, he still worked. He struggled, but he worked. My God, the man was the definition of the word resilience.

Once, when I suffered a bitter professional disappointment and said something about quitting, my father told me, Galatzes dont quit. He said those words to me on his deathbed. What a legacy! It wasnt pressure. It was pure inspiration. To this day, when Im dispirited and want to throw in the towel, I draw on his strength and resilience, get back in the ring and carry on the good fight whatever the cause, whatever the task.

And in these days of delayed plans and dreams, heres a final quote one I know my eternally optimistic father would have approved of:

Lets go to the circus tomorrow, if God willing were alive; and if not, lets go Tuesday. From Leo Rostens Treasury of Jewish Quotations

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We've got what it takes to endure these difficult days J. - The Jewish News of Northern California

Musings of a rabbi in the period of pandemic – Jewish News

This period of pandemic has opened up different ways of looking at the world. Different approaches, different values, and different positions. For myself and my family, our small garden has offered one of those changes. It was blessed with grass that did not grow too well and until the lockdown period did not contain that much to enjoy. It is now full of growth and life.

We have potatoes and tomatoes, thyme and fenugreek, geraniums, and sunflowers and more. I have become interested in bringing garden birds into our small patch with bird feeders, a bird bath tempting the beautiful variety of bird life in. And this means spending more time looking out into the garden at the plethora of life that is blessing it now.

Photo by Yanna Zissiadou at Unsplash, https://unsplash.com/photos/I7Y6Gb-JYmE

But one other personal delightful diversion from the pandemic has been learning a page a day of the Talmud, the Daf Yomi programme. It is the first time I have attempted to build this into my life, and I am so thrilled that it has worked. But there are times I must admit when my eyes veer from the page of Talmud to the window of my conservatory to view the garden and check if any birdlife appears. And suddenly, I remembered a statement in Ethics of the Fathers, a book of Rabbinic morality which is part of the Mishna. Here it is for you learn:

Rabbi Jacob said, One who is reviewing his Torah study while walking on the way, and interrupts his Torah study to say What a beautiful tree, or What a beautiful field, is regarded by Scripture as if he endangered his soul

Maybe this statement was creating a sense of prioritisation. Torah, the text that created the Jewish nation, is surely more connected to our national soul, than the natural world we observe outside. But this approach surely comes with dangers. I could spend all my time learning, and not give enough attention to the predicament that Gods world outside is in. So, I was delighted to find the commentary of the famous Rabbi Yehuda Loew, the Maharal of Prague on this statement. There the Maharal emphasises that the above statement is talking about someone who separates from learning in order to view the beauty of nature. The individual is then turning from away from a life source of our Jewish identity. But if this is a temporary break from ones learning to which he or she returns soon after, all is good. So, I could carry on delighting at learning the Torah, and taking welcome breaks to check on the natural diversity through my conservatory window.

Of course, the statement in Ethics of the Fathers mentions the importance of not interrupting the studying of Torah. It does not however refer to praying, to davening. Prayer and Learning Torah are of course different. Torah to many is a way we engage with the will of God through our intellectual faculties, whereas prayer can be an emotional path to God. Is it possible that the emotive beauty of nature can pull me away from the Talmudic pursuit of understanding; but augment and deepen my appreciation of prayer?

Either way, with the natural world under threat in so many ways, this is more than a lachrymose posturing towards nature. Rather this can be an opportunity to proactively bring Gods world of nature into our world of learning Gods Torah without tipping the balance too much.

Rabbi David Mason is rabbi to an Orthodox community of over 1000 people in London and is on the executive of the Rabbinical Council of the United Synagogue. He has an MA in Conflict Resolution in Divided Societies and undertakes a great deal of civic and inter faith work. He was recently appointed as trustee for FODIP (Forum for Discussion on Israel and Palestine) and the Council of Christians of Jews as well as now Chairing the Haringey Multi Faith Network. He also has two years training in family therapy.

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Musings of a rabbi in the period of pandemic - Jewish News

What’s the truth behind wearing face masks? – The Jerusalem Post

If every Jew kept the Shabbat at the same time, even once some opinions say twice the Messiah would immediately appear (Jer. Talmud Taanit 1:1).What if everyone in Israel wore a protective mask and kept social distancing for two Shabbatot and time in-between? Wouldnt the coronavirus numbers shoot downward and ultimately disappear? Imagine if we could all follow the rules, COVID-19 wouldnt be making thousands sick and killing hundreds in our country. Then we wouldnt need lockdowns. The economy could return to its vibrant self. We would be included among the safe nations.Out of frustration and fear, I recently decided to upgrade my own mask. I bought one of the several brands of the hi-tech masks invented and produced right here in Israel.We can all understand initial ambivalence about the masks. Both the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the World Health Organization said we didnt need them at first and Israel followed. Then they reversed themselves. Its been months now since studies showed that viral load peaks before symptoms. A regular conversation not to mention our Israeli vociferous ones expels the virus-carrying droplets.According to US infectious disease expert Anthony Fauci, masks werent advised to the public from the start because of anticipated shortages. They didnt want us to run out and buy up all the masks, or the ambulance crews, doctors and nurses wouldnt have enough.The next misinformation was that masks would only help us from unwittingly infecting others. In other words, young persons and skeptics were urged to wear masks for altruistic reasons, to protect grandparents or maybe a classmate with asthma or cancer.Even Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahus recent proclamation that two persons wearing masks and sitting two meters apart have a near zero chance of infecting each other sounded tepid.We Israelis, champions at many things, are sloppy mask wearers. If wearing masks at all, many use them as chin straps for sagging skin, or fail to cover noses, the direct channel to the respiratory system. Government officials have been atrocious role models, as if they are winking at the restrictions.Thats wrecking the economy and costing lives.My immediate trigger to upgrade my mask was the vacation we planned when the numbers of infections were falling. We would meet our offspring and their families at our favorite beachside hotel which was just opening and following rules 55 minutes from home.Then, suddenly, the numbers were no longer falling.I wanted a bio-active mask that would protect me and knock-out any viruses propelled my way. Id heard about these virus and bacteria-belligerent masks for years. My brother-in-law, Gil Goller, a retired patent attorney, had written the patent for one of the companies years before wed heard of coronavirus. When he and my sister Charlotte went on their trips to Miami or Mumbai, they were always masked, usually the only Israelis to board that way. True, it seemed a little overcautious, but they never got sick. Who doesnt remember panicking when our seatmates coughed and sneezed their way across the Atlantic in the old days when we flew in crowded jet airplanes?Until now, Ive been relying on disposable surgical masks, which are indeed useful, but less good for prolonged use. Because I am a hat-wearing religious Jew, matching my hats to my clothing, I forgo fashion-statement masks. Too much matching.A word about the hi-tech masks. Theyve passed laboratory tests, not broad clinical trials. But neither are the medicines that are being tried in the outbreak wards. Who can wait?Impressive Israeli scientists names are attached to these blue-and-white inventions and the science on their websites sounds sound. In general, the companies use cloth imbued with copper or zinc-oxide and feature layers with nanomembranes that are supposed to stop even tiny viruses from wriggling through. Theyre reputedly being used in China and Hong Kong, where wise men and women have long been compliant in wearing masks against pollution, common colds and lethal viruses.One of the mask makers I interviewed for this column told me I would be preaching to the choir in The Jerusalem Post that we English-speaking Israelis are the most obedient mask-wearers. He said that native Israelis are averse to covering their faces because of the way we like to communicate with each other and need to read each others expressions. Were ranked among the worlds most educated nations. With the correct promotion we can get over our need to see smiles, the way we upped our wine-drinking habits when we learned red wine was good for us.If we all understood that a mask can be a weapon against viruses, they might be more popular. When I spoke to manufacturers, they talked about kill time the minutes it now takes for that innocuous-looking mask to take down a lethal virus. Virus-killer masks.The mask I bought is expensive, around 250 shekels, but if the government invested in this industry, boosting production and employing the unemployed, it could certainly become less pricey. Liat Goldhammer, the chief technical officer of Sonovia masks, spoke of her vision of the many now-unemployed women who had previously supported their families working in textile workshops making bathing suits and party dresses but have lost their jobs, could now repurpose their sewing machines for mask-making.The mask I bought is soft and comfortable but not beautiful. Its a little beaky and warlike. Maybe thats good.I never did get to try it out on a vacation. Our favorite hotel is in Ashdod, which by bad luck, was the national coronavirus hot spot when we were scheduled to go. I consulted on coronavirus matters with my rebbe, whose name oddly is Moses Hadassahs Prof. Alon Moses and decided that the risks outweighed the benefits. In the meantime, its staycation for us.Still, I like the idea that my husband and I can walk any street of Jerusalem in killer masks. The writer is the Israel director of public relations at Hadassah, the Womens Zionist Organization of America. Her latest book is A Daughter of Many Mothers.

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What's the truth behind wearing face masks? - The Jerusalem Post

12 Facts Every Jew Should Know About the 9 Days – Chabad.org

1. They Are the First Nine Days ofAv

Known as the Nine Days, the first nine daysof Av are a time of heightened mourning. At this time, the Jewish nation mournsthe calamities that befell our people during the destruction of the two HolyTemples, which happened nearly 500 years apart at the same time of year.

More About theNine Days

This period of mourning begins, in smallermeasure, nearly two weeks earlier on the fast of the 17th of Avthe day thewalls of Jerusalem were breached by the Roman invaders. Known as the ThreeWeeks or bein hametzarim (betweenthe straits), we observe this period by avoiding haircuts, purchasing newclothing, holding or attending weddings, and enjoying music.

More About theThree Weeks

The last of the nine days is the fast of 9 Av,known in Hebrew as Tisha BAvthe saddest day on the Jewish calendar, when bothHoly Temples were burned. But some of the mourning practices (more on thosebelow) continue all the way until midday of Av 10.

What Is TishaBAv?

During the entire three-week period, many are careful to avoid any activities that may be dangerous, with even morecaution during these final nine days. This includes walking alone in a secludedplace, participating in dangerous sports, and even scheduling surgery that canbe delayed until a different time.

More About Why and How We Avoid Danger at This Time

For the duration of this period we do notbathe for pleasure or launder clothing (except for a babys)even clothes thatwill not be worn during the Nine Daysor wear freshly laundered outer layers.Those who wish to change their clothes daily should prepare a number ofgarments and briefly don each of them before the onset of the Nine Days. It isthen permitted to wear these non-freshly laundered garments.

Like mourners during shiva for a beloved family member, we do not eat meat (includingpoultry) or drink wine during this period, aside from Shabbat. If possible, even the havdalahwine or grape juice should be given to a childyounger than bar/bat mitzvahageto drink.

The exceptions to this rule are meat andwine enjoyed as part of a meal that celebrates a mitzvah, such as acircumcision, bar mitzvah, or the completion of a tractate of the Talmud.

Some people make it a point to celebratethe completion of a tractate of Talmud, known as a siyum, which creates a loophole for eating meat. However, thereare many who follow the practice of the students of the Baal Shem Tov, and areparticular to participate in a siyumduring the Nine Days, but nevertheless refrain from eating meat afterward.

Read:Why Make a SiyumDuring the Nine Days?

Rabbi Isaac LuriaAshkenazi, known as Ari HaKadosh("The Holy Lion") passed away on Av 5, 1572 CE. It was he whoproclaimed, In these times, we are allowed and duty-bound to reveal thiswisdom, opening the door to the integration of the teachings of Kabbalahuntilthen the province of a select few in each generationinto mainstream Judaism.His special day is a bright spot in an otherwise bleak period.

More About the HolyAri

There are various stages within the Nine Days,and the sadness increases as we get closer to the destruction. Thus the week of9 Av is more stringent than the days before it. TheSephardic custom, for example, is to observe the stringencies regarding bathingonly in the week of Tisha BAv.

Things further intensify on the 7th ofAv, the day the destroyers entered the Temple complex. And then on theafternoon before 9 Av, we begin many of the practices of the fast day itself,such as desisting from most Torah study.

Read the Procedure ofthe Day Before Tisha BAv

The Shabbat before the Ninth of Avis called Shabbat Chazon (Shabbat of Vision) after the opening words of thedays reading from the prophets (haftarah),the third of a series known as The Three of Rebuke.On this Shabbat, say the Chassidic masters, each individual is granted a visionof the Third Temple.

On this day, many of the mourning practicesare suspended, and we may drink wine and eat meat. In some communities, peopledo not dress up for Shabbat as usual, and the prayers are sung to sad tunes.The Chassidic custom, however, is to desist from all public displays ofmourning. In fact, the Rebbe encouraged us to celebrate with extra festivity toshow that we are not mourning at this time.

More AboutShabbat Chazon

Rather than just sitting with sadness for ourhistory of loss and destruction, this is a time to focus on internal growth andintense preparation for the joy that will yet come. The Midrash tells us thatGd instructed the prophet Ezekiel: The study of theTorahs [design of the Holy Temple] can be equated to its construction. Go tellthem to study the form of the Temple. As a reward for their study and theiroccupation with it, I will consider it as if they actually built it. Throughthis study, a person fulfills his obligation to build the Temple.

Start Learning Aboutthe Holy Temple Here

The Shabbat after the Nine Days is known asShabbat Nachamu, the Shabbat of comfort, since that weeks haftarah begins with the words nachamu,nachamu ami (Comfort, you shall comfort My nation). This is the first ofthe series of readings known as The Seven of Consolation read in the sevenweeks between the Ninth of Av and Rosh Hashanah.

Watch: Isaiahs DoubleVision

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12 Facts Every Jew Should Know About the 9 Days - Chabad.org

NASA’s Mars Rover Drivers Need Your Help NASAs Mars …

Using an online tool to label Martian terrain types, you can train an artificial intelligence algorithm that could improve the way engineers guide the Curiosity rover.

You may be able to help NASA's Curiosity rover drivers better navigate Mars. Using the online tool AI4Mars to label terrain features in pictures downloaded from the Red Planet, you can train an artificial intelligence algorithm to automatically read the landscape.

Is that a big rock to the left? Could it be sand? Or maybe it's nice, flat bedrock. AI4Mars, which is hosted on the citizen science website Zooniverse, lets you draw boundaries around terrain and choose one of four labels. Those labels are key to sharpening the Martian terrain-classification algorithm called SPOC (Soil Property and Object Classification).

Developed at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, which has managed all of the agency's Mars rover missions, SPOC labels various terrain types, creating a visual map that helps mission team members determine which paths to take. SPOC is already in use, but the system could use further training.

"Typically, hundreds of thousands of examples are needed to train a deep learning algorithm," said Hiro Ono, an AI researcher at JPL. "Algorithms for self-driving cars, for example, are trained with numerous images of roads, signs, traffic lights, pedestrians and other vehicles. Other public datasets for deep learning contain people, animals and buildings but no Martian landscapes."

Once fully up to speed, SPOC will be able to automatically distinguish between cohesive soil, high rocks, flat bedrock and dangerous sand dunes, sending images to Earth that will make it easier to plan Curiosity's next moves.

"In the future, we hope this algorithm can become accurate enough to do other useful tasks, like predicting how likely a rover's wheels are to slip on different surfaces," Ono said.

The Job of Rover Planners

JPL engineers called rover planners may benefit the most from a better-trained SPOC. They are responsible for Curiosity's every move, whether it's taking a selfie, trickling pulverized samples into the rover's body to be analyzed or driving from one spot to the next.

It can take four to five hours to work out a drive (which is now done virtually), requiring multiple people to write and review hundreds of lines of code. The task involves extensive collaboration with scientists as well: Geologists assess the terrain to predict whether Curiosity's wheels could slip, be damaged by sharp rocks or get stuck in sand, which trapped both the Spirit and Opportunity rovers.

Planners also consider which way the rover will be pointed at the end of a drive, since its high-gain antenna needs a clear line of sight to Earth to receive commands. And they try to anticipate shadows falling across the terrain during a drive, which can interfere with how Curiosity determines distance. (The rover uses a technique called visual odometry, comparing camera images to nearby landmarks.)

How AI Could Help

SPOC won't replace the complicated, time-intensive work of rover planners. But it can free them to focus on other aspects of their job, like discussing with scientists which rocks to study next.

"It's our job to figure out how to safely get the mission's science," said Stephanie Oij, one of the JPL rover planners involved in AI4Mars. "Automatically generating terrain labels would save us time and help us be more productive."

The benefits of a smarter algorithm would extend to planners on NASA's next Mars mission, the Perseverance rover, which launches this summer. But first, an archive of labeled images is needed. More than 8,000 Curiosity images have been uploaded to the AI4Mars site so far, providing plenty of fodder for the algorithm. Ono hopes to add images from Spirit and Opportunity in the future. In the meantime, JPL volunteers are translating the site so that participants who speak Spanish, Hindi, Japanese and several other languages can contribute as well.

For more, visit:

https://mars.nasa.gov/msl/home/

https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/msl/index.html

News Media ContactsAndrew GoodJet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif.818-393-2433andrew.c.good@jpl.nasa.gov

Grey Hautaluoma / Alana JohnsonNASA Headquarters, Washington202-358-0668 / 202-358-1501grey.hautaluoma-1@nasa.gov / alana.r.johnson@nasa.gov

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NASA's Mars Rover Drivers Need Your Help NASAs Mars ...

UWMadison named member of new $25 million Midwest quantum science institute – University of Wisconsin-Madison

As joint members of a Midwest quantum science collaboration, the University of WisconsinMadison, the University of Illinois at UrbanaChampaign and the University of Chicago have been named partners in a National Science Foundation Quantum Leap Challenge Institute, NSF announced Tuesday.

The five-year, $25 million NSF Quantum Leap Challenge Institute for Hybrid Quantum Architectures and Networks (HQAN) was one of three in this first round of NSF Quantum Leap funding and helps establish the region as a major hub of quantum science. HQANs principal investigator, Brian DeMarco, is a professor of physics at UIUC. UWMadison professor of physics Mark Saffman and University of Chicago engineering professor Hannes Bernien are co-principal investigators.

HQAN is very much a regional institute that will allow us to accelerate in directions in which weve already been headed and to start new collaborative projects between departments at UWMadison as well as between us, the University of Illinois, and the University of Chicago. says Saffman, who is also director of the Wisconsin Quantum Institute. These flagship institutes are being established as part of the National Quantum Initiative Act that was funded by Congress, and it is a recognition of the strength of quantum information research at UWMadison that we are among the first.

Mark Saffman

Shimon Kolkowitz

Quantum computing uses the principles of quantum physics to develop computing power that even the most powerful conventional supercomputers cannot match. Quantum computers could, for example, solve complex logistics deployment problems or help to discover new life-saving medicines. Although quantum computers work differently than their classical counterparts, they can be made more powerful by connecting smaller modules in a hybrid network, analogously to how conventional computers are linked together via the internet.

At the HQAN institutions, there are several people developing different ways of processing and storing quantum information. Each approach might be better at one thing and not so good at something else, Saffman says. Were asking, can we hook together these different types of hardware to synthesize a stronger system with a hybrid approach?

HQAN research activities at UWMadison will be conducted by groups throughout the Wisconsin Quantum Institute and include faculty in physics, chemistry and the College of Engineering.

We are excited that UWMadison is a partner in this first round of competitive funding through the National Quantum Initiative Act, says Steve Ackerman, UWMadison vice chancellor for research and graduate education. This award allows us to continue to build on the momentum of the newly formed Wisconsin Quantum Institute at UW and the campuss growing efforts in the physics of quantum information systems.

it is a recognition of the strength of quantum information research at UWMadison that we are among the first.

Mark Saffman

Another focus of HQAN is on quantum science outreach, education and corporate partnerships, which will be headed by Shimon Kolkowitz, assistant professor of physics at UWMadison.

Quantum science is a rapidly growing area of research, but also industry, so theres a need for executives, entrepreneurs and investors to understand the potential impacts of quantum science, and theres a huge demand for a growing quantum workforce, Kolkowitz says. Quantum is weird and counterintuitive, and you dont encounter it until the last couple of years of an undergraduate physics degree. There will be real benefits and payoffs to exposing children and high schoolers and undergraduates in all different fields to concepts in quantum science.

HQAN will adapt and build off of longstanding, successful outreach and educational programs at the member institutions. These programs include The Wonders of Quantum Physics, modeled off of the nearly 40-year-old program The Wonders of Physics at UWMadison as well as UIUCs LabEscape, a quantum-themed physics escape room, and the University of Chicagos Teach Quantum program, which helps high school science teachers develop quantum-related curricula for their schools.

Additionally, HQAN is connecting with undergraduate and graduate degree programs, such as UWMadisons Masters in Physics: Quantum Computing and a proposed undergraduate specialization in quantum science at UIUC. The institute will also work with Chicago State University to place students in funded research internships at the three member universities.

HQAN also includes partnerships with Fermilab, MIT Lincoln Labs, and Air Force Research labs, as well as several corporate partners and collaborations, including American Family Insurance and ColdQuanta, which have offices in Madison. These partnerships will help guide HQAN research toward industry applications and provide researchers with access to emerging products, as well as provide internships for HQAN students.

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UWMadison named member of new $25 million Midwest quantum science institute - University of Wisconsin-Madison

I Am Not A Believer In Free Will: A Conversation With Physicist Brian Greene – Forbes

I recently had the chance to interview physicist and author Brian Greene as a part of the 2020 Aspen Ideas Festival, presented by the Aspen Institute. Brian and I have been friends for more than 30 years and met when we were Rhodes Scholars together at Oxford in the 1980s. I have loved watching the arc of his career as a scientist, a creator, and a public intellectual. Today, Brian is a professor of physics and mathematics at Columbia University, where he is director of the Center for Theoretical Physics. We talked about his new book, Until the End of Time, his early education and introduction to science, his progression from reluctant reader to bestselling author, and his quest to explore our significance in an astoundingly vast universe.

(This interview has been edited for clarity and length.)

The Aspen Institute

Dan Porterfield: How did you first get interested in science?

Brian Greene: I grew up across the street from the Hayden Planetarium in New York. One day, I was heading back from an after-school trip there and I felt so tiny. We were thinking about stars and galaxies and other worlds and it just made me feel so tiny. I started asking questions that everybody asked but in a really intense way: Why are we here? And it struck me that if there was an answer, we would all know it. But since nobody ever told me the answer, it was clear there was no universal answer. So, if instead of answering the question of why am I here? I started to ask, how am I here?

DP: You had very good science and math education when you were growing up in New York City. Say a word about that.

BG: I went to public schools. If you have great teachers, you dont have to be at some fancy, private school. My teachers allowed me to go fast at my own pace and when I exhausted that, one of them gave me a letter that said, go to Columbia University. So, my sister and I knocked on doors at Columbia and one guy answered and said, sure, Ill teach you for free. I met with him three days a week over the summer and I took off into all of these areas of mathematics that I never would have experienced if it werent for this guy, Neil Bellinson, who really opened the world of math to me as a young kid.

DP: You always had so many diverse interests. Culture, the arts, politics, society. Is that how you were in high school or college? Or did it come later?

BG: Definitely later. I was single-minded when I was a kid. It was just math that I cared about. In fact, I hated reading when I was a kid and it spilled over into college. When I opened a physics textbook and there were a lot of words, my heart sank. When I saw equations, I went yes! When I graduated college, I went through a period of deep regret. I got technical training in math and physics, yet I had this opportunity to explore a world of ideas and all I did was move forward in one direction that I had been on for twenty years. When I got to Oxford, where we met, that really shifted for me.

DP: One of our conversations involved popularizing science and making it accessible and exciting to more people. We joined a writing group where we shared what we were working on. Say a little bit about that opportunity of seeing yourself as a writer.

BG: That was a great and unexpected gift to learn about that. To be able to write in a way that wasnt trying to communicate rigorous ideas of science, but something of the human condition, experience, and how we react to things was kind of a turning point in my recognition of what you could do with language.

DP: I remember you being interested in and struck by some of the absurdities of life. We talked about literature and authors like Albert Camus who pointed to that. Is that something that influences your work as a theorist?

BG: Deeply so. Now, I am working on solving Schrdingers Equation of Quantum Mechanics so theres some absurdity, too. When I was young I had an unexpected introduction to Camus, as my father had a copy of The Myth of Sisyphus, which is all about the deep questions of life when you recognize there might not be some overarching purpose. My lifes work has been, on one trajectory, about trying to understand the physical universe as deeply as possiblebut on another trajectory, it has been about how, the deeper we go, we realize there is no overarching purpose. And in the sense of Camus, we try to make sense and meaning. In another sense, that is what my new book, Until the End of Time is about.

DP: How did the bookwhich is an exploration of time, meaning, and physicscome together?

BG: Ive written a few books attempting to bring cutting-edge science to people. Every time I was writing one of those books, I felt like there was another story to be told, which is, how do these insights not only show how the world works, but how we fit in and feel? As years have passed, I finally feel like Im now able to do that in telling this story.

DP: One of the critically important things you write about is a cosmological timeline. What does that mean?

BG: We all have a sense of the time scales of our lives. What I wanted to get a deep sense of was how that time scale fits into the cosmological unfolding, from the Big Bang to what scientists might call The End. When you follow that grand sweep, it gives you a radically different perspective that has an impact on how you think of yourself within life.

DP: What about the meaning part? With that cosmological timeframe and sense of enormity, as well as the idea that time will end, how, then, do you drive meaning?

BG:When you learn that stars, planets, and life disintegrate, and even that consciousness has a finite duration on a cosmological timeline, it can leave you asking, what is the point of it all? If your sense of meaning is derived from legacy and looking to the future, it is going to crumble with time. The argument I make in the book is about the familiar here and now. While its nothing novel, the way I take you there from the cosmological perspective adds a heft and weight to focus you here. I did have dark periods when I tried to better understand the far future and I went through a transformation where I recognized that the focus needs to be here because there, it disintegrates.

DP: Some people having that same experience of wonder as you as a child combined with deep reflection find themselves sensing the presence of a larger, creating other. Could all of this come together with some form of design?

BG: They may be right. Behind it all, there could be some intelligence that has set it up and let it unfold. Its very difficult to prove that perspective is wrong. But I dont see the evidence for it, and Im drawn to the evidence, experiment, and observation behind conclusions. The objective world is important to understand, but the subjectivethe spiritual, inner experience of conscious self-reflectionis just as important.

DP: How does this help you ground a sense of your personal morality and ethics?

BG: Its an interesting and deep question. I, for instance, am not a believer in free will. I believe that the arguments we are touching on here establish that every action we take is the product of the physical constituents that make us up. Some people say if you do not have free will, then morality is gone. I think that is wrong. We are responsible for what our particles do. Period. The question is this: should we be punished? If punishment is for retribution, I do not see any role for it. If punishment is for education, you can learn even if you dont have free will. If punishment is a consequential perspective to shape future behaviors, then I think that is a justifiable way to dole it out.

DP: Do you mean that we should think of punishment as a form of conditioning?

BG: In some sense. At the end of the day, our behaviors are a product of our genetic and physical makeup that is affected by the stimulus that we receive and the responses that we yield across our lives. If I see something in the world and I see the agent being punished for their actions, my particles get rearranged and say hey, I dont want that to happen to me!

DP: You made the choice to write four books and your particles are the only ones on the planet who could write those books. Dont tell me they were pre-written, and you happened to grab them! How do you account for that?

BG: You are right. The individual has a particulate arrangement that is iconic, and, therefore, your actions reflect your particle arrangement. So, when Beethoven wrote his Symphony No. 9, it was Beethovens particles that had the capacity to do that. But did they freely do that? No. Did I freely write my books? No. In a conventional sensethat I can claim that the actions originated fully and totally within me, that I somehow transcended the forces of the world around me and was able to do something that was not a product of those physical particles acting on methen no, it was not me.

DP: Yet still, if we dont have unlimited free will, doesnt that mean we have some free will?

BG: I would say the answer to that is yes. But it is a kind of freedom that you may not find satisfying, which is: I have a greater arrangement of behavioral responses in me than a rock because a rock doesnt have the internal organization to respond through a rich spectrum of behaviors. I have this rich spectrum of behaviors. I dont choose them but, again, if there are stimuli from the environment that are slightly different, my responses will be different. One such response is writing a book. A rock doesnt do that. Its not freedom from physical law, its freedom from the constrained behavior that governs the inanimate world. If I write a good sentence or solve an equation, I dont take credit for it in the way that we usually think about it. I say to myself, hey particles, nice job! Im really pleased that the forces came together to yield that outcome. I am not joking. This is how I really think about how we fit in the world.

DP: Well, let me just say this: my particles love your particles. You are an awesome person, an incredible teacher, a creator, and a great friend.

BG: Well, thank you, I feel the same way.

Click here to watch our full conversation.

Link:

I Am Not A Believer In Free Will: A Conversation With Physicist Brian Greene - Forbes

Blockchain Bites: Chinas BSN Integrations and Satoshis Newfound Wealth – Yahoo Finance

Crypto firms are cooking up ways to become Travel Rule compliant, Satoshis stash got a little bigger and one of Ethereum Classics top supporters is walking away from the project.

Youre readingBlockchain Bites, the daily roundup of the most pivotal stories in blockchain and crypto news, and why theyre significant. You can subscribe to this and all of CoinDesksnewsletters here.

Travel RuleBitGo, Coinbase and other top exchanges are expected to release a white paper next month detailing a type of bulletin board meant tohelp exchanges comply with the Financial Action Task Forces (FATF) Travel Rule.Participants would share addresses on the board and, if another member claims an address, the two entities could then share data P2P to keep personal information out of the reach of hackers. Gemini, Kraken, and Bittrex may also be participating in the Travel Rule working group, according toThe Block.Separately, blockchain security firmCoolBitX and on-chain analytics company Ellipticare working together on another Travel Rule solution.

Related: First Mover: Bitcoin Shows Signs of Life but Ether (and Crew) Steal the Limelight

Satoshis BillionsWhale Alert found on-chain evidence that Bitcoins creatormined approximately 1,125,150 BTC(~$10.9 billion) as the network was getting off the ground. This is up from the 1 million BTC Sergio Demian Lerner initially attributed to Satoshi Nakamoto in 2013, by examining the extra nonce patterns thought to be caused by Nakamotos mining rig. In a Medium post, researchers describe how Satoshi continued mining with the same rig until at least May 2010, capturing 22,503 of the first 54,316 block rewards.

FYIYFI, the governance token for Yearn.Finance, isthe latest DeFi project to capture the attention of yield farmers.The tokens creator Andre Cronje hasnt set aside any of the tokens for himself and called it a completely valueless 0 supply token, in a Medium post. That all tokens are set aside for liquidity providers may have influenced a price run up to $2,374, though the projects name (an unflattering acronym) and what appears to be a backdoor that could allow Cronje to print an infinite amount of YFI, have raised eyebrows. As of 13:00 UTC today, the price has collapsed to $821.07.

Story continues

Hard Fork AwayOne of Ethereum Classics largest power providers hasvoted to abandon the projectafter an upcoming hard fork. OpenEthereum is the latest client to walk, citing concerns with the blockchains immutability, according to a GitHub vote Thursday. Of the 615 current Ethereum Classic nodes listed by ETC Nodes, 425 wont update in the future as developers make changes via hard forks. OpenEthereum has chosen to shut down support for the original Ethereum mainnet to conserve developer energy for its Ethereum client, formerly known as Parity-Ethereum.

Real-Time AlertsCipherTrace, a blockchain analytics software firm, has deployed a predictive risk-scoring system that the company says providesreal-time alerts on suspect crypto transactionsfor its exchange, investor and investigator clients. The tool will assign risk based on the on-chain histories of transacted funds, the Silicon Valley firm said. Inbound cryptos with unseemly ties (from sanctioned countries or a fraud campaign, for example) would get a high risk score under the system.

Argentine telecom hackers opted formonero

Samsung addedDecentraland supporton its mobile wallet app

XRP investor Will Meade claimed he worked at Goldman Sachs. Goldman says theres no record of his employment (Decrypt)

DeFi got a robo-advisor (The Block)

Dr. Seuss comes to the blockchain thanks to the maker of Cryptokitties (TechCrunch)

Related: Blockchain Bites: PayPal, Mastercard Inch Closer to Crypto

Chinas Blockchain-based Service Network (BSN) took agreat leap forwardby integrating with six public blockchains. Beginning Aug 10, Tezos, NEO, Nervos, EOS, IRISnet and Ethereum developers will be able to build dapps and run nodes drawing on bandwidth from BSNs data centers.

The BSN is a toolbox for open source developers to build blockchain applications. Sometimes called the digital belt and road initiative, the BSN is an oxymoronic experiment in nation state-led decentralized tech development.

This is part of Chinas plan to be the one and only infrastructure provider for blockchain firms around the world, CoinDesks David Pan reports. Evidence of President Xi Jinpings commitment toseizethe blockchain opportunity, the BSN revealslingering contradictionsin Chinas approach to open source crypto projects.

The Chinese government and regulators are very cautious about decentralized public chains and try not to get involved in anything related to a public blockchain, Hongfei Da, founder of NEO, said. It is interesting to see BSN, which has a clear commercial purpose and is backed by entities with government background, is supporting such projects.

Correlation Data PointBitcoin jumped from $9,190 to $9,360 in early morning trading, according to CoinDesksBitcoin Price Index,afterEuropean Union leaders announced a 750 billion post-pandemic fiscal stimulus plan.This is another data point showing correlation between Bitcoin and traditional equities, as some major European equity indices are up at least 1.5% each, while Germanys DAX index has nearly erased losses incurred during the coronavirus-led market tumble.

ETHs Real Value?Ethers total market capitalization stands at about $26 billion, if youre not taking into accountall of the digital assets built atop the Ethereumblockchain. The combined value of ERC-20-standard tokens which include stablecoins like tether, altcoins like Chainlinks LINK and DeFi darlings like Kybers KNC is around $26 billion, according to the data provider Messari. Including all these assets, the Ethereum ecosystems market cap is around $50 billion closer to bitcoins $170 billion than if ether were considered alone. The comparison shows how the rapid pace of development this year on Ethereum has brought the blockchains ecosystem closer to challenging Bitcoin. The value gap narrowed over the past month as bitcoins price stagnated, while demand for stablecoins and a flurry of activity in DeFi has ignited the value of Ethereum and the tokens that depend on it, CoinDesks First Mover reports. You can get the full analysis in your inbox bysubscribing here.

Five yearsFive years ago, an unlikely project went live. It called itself the world computer and it promised to transform not just cryptocurrencies as we knew it, but the very idea of what could be done with cryptography and consensus. Ethereum had arrived.

From its technical aspirations to unicorns and memes, Ethereum is a culture on its own. It has spawned blockchain uses from digital cats to yield farming previously unimagined.

Ethereum is at a crossroads. But it must complete an ambitious and fraught retooling of its foundations the long awaited move to Ethereum 2.0 to keep up with the markets demands.

CoinDesk is marking the milestone with Ethereum at Five: a cross-platform series comprising a series of special coverage, a pop-up newsletter and live-streamed discussions. New issues and sessions launch daily from July 27-31.Register for CoinDesk Live and our pop-up newsletter.

Surprise Attack?Brenna Smith, an open source researcher and contributor for the investigative website Bellingcat, thinks no one should be surprised that Twitter was hacked last week,least of all Twitter.For years, celebrity impersonations and crypto scams have run rampant on the platform, without any meaningful redress. Essentially since Bitcoins inception, cyber criminals and scammers have capitalized on the currency to funnel proceeds from emails scams, fake websites, and propositions on chat forums. Then, they began leveraging major social media platforms and impersonating celebrities. Mainstream social media platforms and celebrities provide two critical ingredients to a lucrative hack: a large audience and a semblance of credibility, she writes.

Singularity or BustThe latest episode of The Breakdown looks at GPT-3, the latest artificial intelligence tool to have youquestioning the veracity of what you see online.NWL gives an overview of the new language tool and asks whether we should be terrified.

See the article here:

Blockchain Bites: Chinas BSN Integrations and Satoshis Newfound Wealth - Yahoo Finance

Congress To Hold Hearing On Remote Voting Technology, Blockchain Not Invited – Forbes

On Friday, the House of Representatives will hold a virtual hearing titled, Exploring the Feasibility and Security of Technology To Conduct Remote Voting In The House. Unlike the discussion for how Americans would vote anonymously in a primary or general election, this hearing narrowly discusses how our elected representatives can safely vote on legislative bills from a location other than our nations Capitol.

On May 15th, the House of Representatives broke with a tradition held for 231 years since 1789, when to cast a vote or fully participate in a hearing, lawmakers were required to be in person. The current notion of proxy voting, where if I lived in and represented Hawaii and you were representing Virginia, I could entrust you to vote for me so as not to make the long and less socially-distance choice of travel by plane.

However, the House now explores taking this concept one step further, and while for many corporations the idea of remote working, when possible, is considered a given based on the current state of affairs in our country, the fully remote option clashes against the long-standing traditions of what it means to represent our country.

Ron Rivest, Cryptographer and Institute Professor at MIT

Enter The Grandfather Of Crypto

Professor Ronald Rivest, who has been a crypto Professor at MIT possibly before Satoshi Nakamoto, the pseudonymous inventor of Bitcoin, was even born, will be testifying at the hearing tomorrow. Without any kind of spoiler alert, Rivest has already provided his verdict on the idea publicly in the press as well as in a draft of an academic paper titled, Going from Bad to Worse: From Internet Voting to Blockchain Voting.

Rivest, is a co-winner of the famous 2002 A.M. Turing Award with American computer scientist Leonard M. Adleman and Israeli cryptographer Adi Shamir. The award was based on his ingenious contribution for making public-key cryptography useful in practice by patenting a Cryptographic Communication System and Method, known commonly today as RSA encryption.

In his written testimony, Rivest indicates this accomplishment as well as how he has spent over two decades on voting security. Rivest reveals his background includes being, ... a member of the Technical Guidelines Development Committee from 20042009, advisory to the Election Assistance Commission; I chaired the subcommittee on Computer Security and Transparency...a founding member of the CalTech/MIT Voting Technology Project. And I am on the Board of Verified Voting, a non-profit promoting voting system security, especially through the use of risk-limiting audits.

His testimony also states ... the House is in a good position: there are indeed suitable secure voting technologies available. The important reason why that is true is that House votes are NOT SECRET. Voting in the House is not based on secret ballots.

Rivests MIT homepage recently released a draft of a paper titled, Going From Bad to Worse: Internet Voting To Blockchain Voting. He has made no secret about his belief that blockchain voting should not be used in public elections. The paper explains that how blockchain may look attractive for electronic voting, ...e.g., using cryptographic signatures to make forging votes difficult, and using hashing and distributed consensus to maintain a ledger of votes that attackers cannot tamper with unless they co-opt much of the network. However, the paper goes on to note, ... it is extremely challenging to make these techniques work reliably in practice while looking attractive for the use case of voting in elections.

The paper goes on to stress that these are extremely hard concepts to put into practice and does not eliminate the concept of what it calls a serious failure. In particular, blockchain voting systems are still vulnerable to serious failures, and the cryptographic and consensus guarantees of blockchains do not prevent serious failures. Indeed, recently Russia started using blockchain technology offered by Kaspersky Labs, the security software company that the President kicked out of the United States due to its alleged ties and influence from the Kremlin. For policymakers, entrusting the vote in any kind of technology will need to be one that is all-American and air-tight in terms of avoiding meddling from Russia, particularly after 2016.

The Other End Of The Technological Spectrum

Newt Gingrich, former US Speaker of the House attends "Free Iran 2018 - the Alternative" event ... [+] organized by exiled Iranian opposition group on June 30, 2018 in Villepinte, north of Paris. (Photo by Zakaria ABDELKAFI / AFP) (Photo credit should read ZAKARIA ABDELKAFI/AFP via Getty Images)

While no match technologically for Rivest and other computer science luminaries, the former Speaker of the House of Representatives Newt Gingrich will seek to sway current Representatives to the threat of a virtual legislative dictatorship should remote voting be allowed. We have young men and women risking their lives all across the planet to protect freedom, but their elected leaders cant risk being in a room with immediate access to doctors and remarkably little risk of anything bad happening. I am embarrassed for this House that such a proposal could even get to a hearing.

The full hearing can be viewed tomorrow at 1pm ET as well as the testimony of what is a total of seven witnesses. Also testifying is William Crowell, Partner, Also Louie Partners; Jon Green, Vice President and Chief Security Technologist, Aruba Networks, Dr. Aviel Rubin, Professor and Technical Director, The Johns Hopkins University Information Security Institute, Dr. David Wagner, Professor, Computer Science Division, University of California, Berkeley, and The Honorable Cheryl L. Johnson, Clerk of the U.S. House of Representatives.

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Congress To Hold Hearing On Remote Voting Technology, Blockchain Not Invited - Forbes

Our View: We should demand that they stop – Daily Astorian

George Floyds death at the hands of Minneapolis police in May forced all of us to examine our attitudes toward institutional racism.

Protests around the country, from big cities like Portland to small towns like Astoria, are a potential turning point. White people who live in communities with very few Black, Hispanic or other people of color are confronting issues that for generations have been convenient to ignore.

One of the most difficult is that the police act on our behalf, using force derived from the governments we elect.

We have been fortunate on the North Coast that protests have been mostly peaceful.

In Portland, protests over the past several weeks have often spiraled into violence. Scenes of vandalism and looting, along with police overreach in attacking journalists and legal observers, have been shared across the United States.

The First Amendment of the U.S. Constitution gives people the right to peaceably assemble, but in nightly clashes downtown near the Multnomah County Justice Center and the Mark O. Hatfield U.S. Courthouse, demonstrators and police have struggled to find the line between protest and riot.

We trust Portland the people who live there, the police, the mayor and other city leaders can find that line.

Unfortunately, the Trump administrations misguided decision to deploy militarized federal agents has dragged the entire country into the streets of Portland.

Last week, a federal agent acting on our behalf, using force derived from the government we elected fired a less-lethal round at a protesters head, causing critical injuries. Oregon Public Broadcasting and other news media have reported that federal agents are patrolling in unmarked vans, snatching protesters who do not appear to be immediate threats to federal property.

The New York Times reported that federal agents on the ground in Portland were not specifically trained in riot control or mass demonstrations.

Oregon Attorney General Ellen Rosenblum filed a federal lawsuit to try to prevent federal agents from detaining protesters in Portland without identifying themselves or without probable cause or warrants. The lawsuit names the U.S. Department of Homeland Security, U.S. Customs and Border Protection, the U.S. Marshals Service and the Federal Protective Service.

The lawsuit alleges their tactics violate the First Amendment right to peacefully gather, the Fourth Amendment right against unreasonable seizures and the Fifth Amendment right to due process.

Citizens who are reasonably afraid of being picked up and shoved into unmarked vans possibly by federal officers, possibly by individuals opposed to the protests will feel compelled to stay away, for their own personal safety, and will therefore be unable to express themselves in the way that they have the right to do, the lawsuit states.

Portland Mayor Ted Wheeler and Gov. Kate Brown have made it clear the federal agents are not welcome. The federal elected officials who represent us U.S. Sen. Ron Wyden, U.S. Sen. Jeff Merkley and U.S. Rep. Suzanne Bonamici demanded the Trump administration remove the forces.

Wyden, in an op-ed for NBC News, faulted President Donald Trump. Not content with simply dropping squads of federal agents into my hometown to clash with peaceful protesters, as he first did in early July after signing an executive order to supposedly protect monuments from protesters, Trump and his acting secretary of Homeland Security, Chad Wolf, have now unleashed these agents like an occupying army complete with fatigues, military-style equipment and tactics that are utterly unacceptable in an American city.

These invaders are mounting this assault against my city on the flimsiest of justifications: While Acting Secretary Wolf rants about law and order, most of the incidents of violent anarchists he cites are actually graffiti, or low-level vandalism.

Portland was chosen as a stage for the Trump administration to make a political statement in an election year. But it would be a mistake to view what has been happening on the streets only through a partisan political lens.

Just like nearly everyone familiar with Floyds death saw the injustice, anyone looking at what federal agents have done in Portland should see the assault on our civil liberties.

They are acting on our behalf, using force derived from the government we elected. We should all demand that they stop.

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Our View: We should demand that they stop - Daily Astorian

Points of contention on police inquests in King County | Courier-Herald – Enumclaw Courier-Herald

Inquests frequently unfold against a backdrop of sadness and drama: Family members shock at the sudden loss of a loved one at the hands of the police, and police defending their actions. It can be insensitive and frustrating.

Recently, King County Executive Dow Constantine and the mayors of Kent, Auburn and Federal Way exchanged political fire over Constantines wanting to change the rules on how inquests would be processed.

Inquests are fact-finding hearings held by a 4-6 member jury. Under state law and county charter, an investigation is required for any death involving a member of law enforcement during the fulfillment of their job duties. The county believes that includes cities and the cities disagree.

In 2018, in response to complaints from family members of those who had died from being shot by city police officers, Constantine formed a citizens group to make recommendations on improving the process. After the release of his new rules, the cities filed a lawsuit to stop the rules from taking effect.

Constantine wanted the cities to withdraw their lawsuit and allow the six inquests that have been on hold since 2017 to be heard and bring the families closure. Some community members believe the inquest process has been unbalanced in favor of police, and some families likely believe the police acted beyond what was necessary or reasonable to resolve the situation without using lethal force. The cities responded by accusing Constantine of playing politics, exceeding his authority and trying to bully them. Renton has joined the lawsuit, and Seattle has withdrawn.

The public might ask: Why is this of interest? Dont both sides want the same thing a fact-based conclusion?

Yes, and Kent Mayor Dana Ralph and Federal Way Mayor Jim Ferrell, along with Executive Constantine, all used the word accountability as one of their goals in a recent story on inquests. But it is what gets considered in that conclusion that is at issue. Anytime a police officer uses lethal force, there should be a public process to determine the facts of what happened.

The national tide of public opinion on racial justice and police use of force has undergone dramatic change in the past few months from what it was three years ago, prior to the public being able to see a cellphone video every night.

Constantines more regional view seeks accountability through the inquest format. In contrast, suburban police have political clout with mayors, city council members and community leaders in their home jurisdictions, and they view accountability as a local issue. Their word has always been taken over a suspects. The cities believe Constantine has created a contest between the deceaseds family and the police officers involved rather than focusing on facts. Actually, Constantine appears to be broadening what facts can be considered in the inquest conclusion as part of accountability.

While the county and cities disagree on several points, there are three that appear to be key points of contention.

The old system was limited to facts and circumstances surrounding the death. The new system expands the interpretation of facts to include questions about department policy and officer training.

Under the old system, the jurors were asked whether the officer feared for his or her life during the incident. Under the new system, jurors may be asked if the officers actions were consistent with department training and policies. Jurors would no longer be asked if the officer or officers feared for their lives.

Under the old system, involved officers could voluntarily testify or be subpoenaed to testify (officer maintains Fifth Amendment rights against self-incrimination). Under the new system, the lead investigator of the incident will testify and the chief law enforcement officer (or designee) will answer questions about training and policy. The involved officer can voluntarily testify, but not be subpoenaed. However, if the subpoenaed officer does not testify, the officer may not be represented by legal counsel.

On June 15, Constantine added a compromise on the last issue: An involved officer may voluntarily testify or be subpoenaed to testify (officer maintains Fifth Amendment right against self-incrimination) and the officer may be represented by legal counsel throughout the proceeding, regardless of whether they testify.

Constantines view is of concern for the families and a desire to expand the facts that can be admitted for accountability and may benefit in a new era racial justice. Meanwhile, the cities want to protect their police officers, avoid court, or resolve training and policy questions in court and not at the inquest.

A city police officers training, and knowledge of city policy, is always key to any court cross-examination in a use of deadly force case. Whether the officer testifies and how well he or she handles the cross-examination are always crucial in the eyes of the jury. Also, an officer fearing for their life has always been the magic phrase to avoid criminal culpability.

Constantines inclusion in the inquest phase would provide a more thorough record and may determine what cases would go to court.

I spent 12 years as mayor of Auburn, and 11 years in two management positions with King County. I argued for and against each side on different policies. This is not a case where settlement or compromise are possible. Cities question why they are even part of the inquest process and feel it should apply only to the King County Sheriffs Office. The county is confident that Constantines authority is broad enough to withstand a citys legal challenge.

Auburn Mayor Nancy Backus makes a viable point: I believe a statewide process would be beneficial and equitable to everyone. Auburn is in a unique situation. We are part of two counties. I pray we would never utilize the process. It should be the same regardless of where an incident might occur.

The case is scheduled for July, and the court will need to decide less on the two sides political differences, and more on Constantines authority and whether they want criminal culpability to be a new part of the inquest process.

But the Legislature will meet in January and may meet in special session this August. Seattle withdrew from the case, believing the Legislature would be the best place to sort out the issues. While this battle may be just starting, both sides need to be aware of the message they are sending to minority constituent groups. Constantines effort is more reflective of current public opinion.

Federal Way resident Bob Roegner is a former mayor of Auburn. Contact bjroegner@comcast.net.

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Points of contention on police inquests in King County | Courier-Herald - Enumclaw Courier-Herald

How Taiwanese death rituals have adapted for families living in the US – Fairfield Citizen

Pei-Lin Yu, Boise State University

Eds: This story was supplied by The Conversation for AP customers. The Associated Press does not guarantee the content.

Pei-Lin Yu, Boise State University

(THE CONVERSATION) Taiwanese people living in the United States face a dilemma when loved ones die. Many families worry that they might not be able to carry out proper rituals in their new homeland.

As a biracial Taiwanese-American archaeologist living in Idaho and studying in Taiwan, I am discovering the many faces of Taiwans blended cultural heritage drawn from the mix of peoples that have inhabited the island over millennia.

Indigenous tribes have lived on the island for 6,000 years, practicing their diverse ancient traditions into the modern day. Chinese sailor-farmers arrived during the Ming Dynasty 350 years ago. The Japanese won a naval battle with China and governed Taiwan as a colony from 1895 to 1945. Today, Taiwan is a vibrant democracy, albeit with contested sovereign status. Peoples from every corner of the planet visit, work and live in Taiwan.

Language, religion and food from all these traditions can be encountered in the cities and villages of Taiwan today. Multiple beliefs and customs also contribute to the rituals Taiwanese people conduct to send family members into the afterlife.

Death rituals

Taiwans death rituals offer a bridge with the afterlife that stems from multiple spiritual sources. Buddhists, who make up 35% of Taiwans population, believe in multiple lives. Through faith and devotion to Buddha and the accumulation of good deeds a person can be freed from the cycle of reincarnation to achieve nirvana or a state of perfect enlightenment.

This belief is fused with elements of the islands other belief systems including Taoism, Indigenous spirituality and Christianity. Together, they form death customs that showcase Taiwans multiculturalism.

In the streets of Taiwans metropolises and villages alike, temples, churches and wooden ancestor carvings invite one to contemplate eternity while the odors of nearby food vendors such as stinky tofu, a local delicacy tempt people to pause and enjoy earthly delights afterward.

The rituals associated with passing from this life include cemetery burial or traditional cremation practices. The dead are cremated and placed in special urns in Buddhist temples.

Another rite involves burning of what are known as hell bank notes. These are specially printed non-legal tender bills that may range from US$10,000 to several billions.

On one side of these notes is an image of the Jade Emperor, the presiding monarch of heaven in Taoism. These bills can be obtained in any temple or even 7-Eleven in Taiwan. The belief is that the spirits of ancestor might return to complain if not given sufficient spending money for the afterlife.

Adapting in America

My Indigenous great-great-grandmother married a Chinese man and her great-grandson my father grew up speaking a typical blend of languages for the 1950s: the local dialect, Hokkien, as well as Japanese, Cantonese and Mandarin. Arriving in the U.S. at the age of 23 to study electrical engineering, my father mastered English quickly, married my Euro-American mother, and raised a family in the American West.

Taiwanese people living in America often cannot participate in the rites of mourning and passage conducted back home because they do not have time or money, or recently, pandemic related travel restrictions. So Taiwanese Americans adapt to and sometimes, accept the loss of these traditions.

When my Taiwanese grandmother, whom we affectionately called Amah, passed away in 1987, my father was unable to return home for the Buddhist ritual organized by his family. Instead, he adapted the Tou Qi, pronounced tow chee usually conducted on the seventh day after death.

In this ritual, it is believed that the spirit of the recently deceased revisits the family for one final farewell.

My father adapted the ritual to a modern U.S. suburban home: He filled our dining room with fruits and cakes, as my Amah was a strict Buddhist vegetarian and enjoyed eating cakes. He put pots of golden chrysanthemums on the table and incense whose smoke is believed to carry ones thoughts and feelings to the gods.

He then opened every door, window and drawer in our house, as well as car doors, and the tool shed to ensure that our grandmothers spirit could visit and enjoy the food with us for the last time. He then settled in for an all-night vigil.

After helping Dad with preparations, I returned to my small apartment across town, placed flowers and fruit and a candle on the kitchen table, opened the windows and doors and sat through long dark hours of my own small vigil.

I reflected upon the memory of my grandmother: a petite woman who raised six children during World War II by hiding in the mountains and teaching them to forage for snails, rats and wild yams. Her children survived, got educated, and traveled the world. Her American grandchildren learned how to stir fry in her battle-scarred wok, lugged all the way to the U.S. in a suitcase, and peeked curiously as she performed Buddhist prayers each morning in front of the smiling deity.

My vigil ended with the rising of the sun: the candle burnt out, the flowers drooped, and the fragrance of the incense faded. My grandmother, whose name in translation is Fairy Spirit, had eaten her fill, and said her goodbyes.

The Conversation is an independent and nonprofit source of news, analysis and commentary from academic experts. The Conversation is wholly responsible for the content.

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How Taiwanese death rituals have adapted for families living in the US - Fairfield Citizen

Health care has ‘more room to run’ after hitting record highs, ETF analyst says – CNBC

Health-care stocks are hot.

The group hit record highs on Monday after a potential coronavirus vaccine developed by Oxford University and AstraZeneca showed promising responses in an early trial, creating a lift in the relatively broad health-care space.

In addition to the Health Care Select Sector SPDR Fund (XLV) reaching records, the market-cap-weightediShares Nasdaq Biotechnology ETF(IBB) and the equal-weighted SPDR S&P Biotech ETF (XBI) hit historic highs on Monday.

Investors seeking exposure to these rallying groups should understand each ETF's makeup, Todd Rosenbluth, senior director of ETF and mutual fund research, said Monday on CNBC's "ETF Edge."

"With XBI, the equal weight, you have more exposure to small and mid-cap companies," Rosenbluth said. "You're going to see a wide array of companies that are trying to come up with a vaccine or a treatment for the coronavirus, so, you can spread that wealth around, you can spread that risk around with XBI."

XBI holds 133 names across the biotech space. It has climbed nearly 27% year to date, including a more than 1% gain on Monday.

IBB holds 207 biotech stocks and is up nearly 21% this year, also including an over 1% gain on Monday. Its top holdings by weight are Amgen at roughly 8%, Vertex Pharmaceuticals at 7.5%, Gilead at about 7% and Regeneron at around 6%.

"IBB is more concentrated in some of the heavyweights within the biotechnology industry, so, you have a little bit more safety in that diversification of those four or five different names," Rosenbluth said. "But [these are] two really strong-performing ETFs this year, and we like health care at CFRA. We think there's more room to run."

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Health care has 'more room to run' after hitting record highs, ETF analyst says - CNBC

Study: More money likely to be needed for universal health care – Albuquerque Journal

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The analysis by Maryland-based KNG Health Consulting says that New Mexicos effort to shift to a single-payer system would be the most ambitious state-based health care overhaul ever carried out in the U.S. and that the states uninsured rate would likely fall below 1%.

It also says that the use of health care services would likely increase as the vast majority of residents turn to public insurance.

Under a state-administered plan, some segments of the private insurance industry would disappear, resulting in financial hardship to New Mexico households and businesses that are dependent on the industry, the report says.

The study looked at four scenarios that included a range of premium and cost-sharing alternatives. Two of the scenarios also relied on stemming the growth of provider and hospital reimbursement rates.

The effect on employers would depend on how policymakers implement contribution requirements, including the level of contribution and which employers would be exempt, the study says.

While the goal is to have all New Mexicans insured, the study acknowledges that the gains in coverage may be overstated because many uninsured residents are already eligible for Medicaid.

Several states have contemplated universal health care as they deal with legal and financial hurdles while seeking to consolidate federal tax subsidies, and spending on Medicare, Medicaid and health care exchanges.

New Mexico cut its uninsured rate roughly in half by expanding Medicaid to more people on the cusp of poverty in 2014 during Republican Gov. Susana Martinezs tenure.

Enrollment leveled off in recent years, with about 10% of the population still uninsured.

Democrat Gov. Michelle Lujan Grisham has said that access to high-quality and affordable health care is a non-negotiable priority for her administration.

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Study: More money likely to be needed for universal health care - Albuquerque Journal

William & Mary to partner with VCU Health to expand university health care – William & Mary News

William & Mary announced today a long-term, strategic partnership with VCU Health to significantly increase its capacity to provide access to health care on campus starting this fall. Included in the agreement is management of an extensive, university-wide COVID-19 testing program for students, faculty and staff.

The partnership will also expand the universitys health care in several unique categories for students, including general care support, mental health services and comprehensive orthopedic and sports medical coverage.

This agreement greatly expands our services and allows William & Mary to closely align with a leading university health center, said W&M President Katherine A. Rowe. Our partnership with VCU Health will support immediate needs during the pandemic while also providing the W&M community long-term access to a broad network of exceptional medical and mental health services. This is a terrific example of the kind of innovative collaboration that is essential to the success of a world-class university.

William & Mary and VCU Health are in the process of finalizing a 10-year contract with two five-year renewal options. The contract was awarded following a competitive bidding process conducted by a university selection committee with representatives from student affairs, athletics, human resources, and university operations.

The alliance with a third-party health care provider is the first of its kind at W&M. This is also the first partnership with another university for VCU Health, which boasts a vast network of providers that offer a wide range of health care services.

I am proud of this unique partnership that brings VCU Healths comprehensive services to the William & Mary community and residents of Williamsburg, said Michael Rao, Ph.D., president of Virginia Commonwealth University and the VCU Health System. I look forward to serving the William & Mary and Williamsburg communities in a more robust way. Especially in these unusual times, we are better together.

VCU Health will provide enhanced support services in conjunction with the on-campus Student Health Center and for the Counseling Center, including mental health services to the student population and medical options for staff and faculty.

Additionally, it will administer sports medicine and orthopedic care to the universitys athletics department, as well as club sports, intramural sports and other related areas of the Universitys Health and Wellness division.

The new partnership takes William & Marys health care to a new level, said Kelly Crace, W&Ms associate vice president for health & wellness. It blends W&Ms existing resources with those of a top-notch university health organization in VCU Health, he added.

This is a very unique hybrid where we are developing a collaborative partnership to really enhance the breadth and depth of our resources for the health and safety and wellness of our community, said Crace.

VCU Health will also manage the universitys COVID-19 testing program that expects all students to be tested before returning to campus. VCUHS will continue prevalence testing among students and employees throughout the semester in order to track positivity results and modify operations, if warranted. During the semester, William & Mary will provide dedicated housing for quarantine and isolation for residential students who require it. In addition, employees will also have access to optional testing, partially subsidized by the university, if desired. Finally, all students and employees will be able to sign up for exit testing as they leave campus in November, as an additional precaution for their home communities.

We are finalizing the details on a long-term arrangement that will provide VCU Health with quality clinical space in close proximity to the campus. William & Mary Contracts Manager Bill Vega said.

As part of this partnership, VCU Health will occupy the building at 332 North Henry St. The facility is owned by the W&M Real Estate Foundation and leased by the university. The university will extend a long-term sublease to VCU Health as part of this arrangement. Located near campus, the new clinic will be equipped with patient rooms and imaging technology and will be accessible to anyone, not just the university community, Vega said. Services at the North Henry St. location will be available once renovations are complete.

It will be available to the Williamsburg community as an outpatient center, Vega said. So it will not only serve William & Mary, but it helps the community as well. Until that facility is available, VCU Health will have temporary sites available on campus to support COVID testing.

The William & Mary-VCU Health partnership comes at a time where health care needs are heightened because of COVID-19.

Were going to be good thought partners on how to best respond to the continued health and safety guidelines for those in our campus community and the greater Williamsburg area, so VCU Health is going to partner with us in the diagnosis, assessment and treatment of those who are managing the virus, Crace said.

VCU Health is also going to be a really important part of us recognizing that during this time of pandemic conditions and during this time of social unrest, theres increased anxiety and theres a lot of chronic uncertainty that really causes a level of mental strain and emotional strain among our community members. Our behavioral health partnership with them is going to really help us tend to the mental health needs of our community that are going to be more amplified this year than they have been in the past.

Crace said VCU aligns completely with William & Marys mission to provide integrative wellness, which includes many dimensions emotional/mental, environmental, financial, intellectual, occupational, physical, social and spiritual.

Having a collaborative partner to help us manage the demand that we have is really exciting, Crace said. VCU Health really understands our mission of integrative wellness, and they really want to be a part of that vision with us.

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Accelerating the digital transformation of healthcare – Healthcare IT News

The COVID-19 global crisis has undoubtedly brought about huge changes in healthcare systems all over the world. One of the major impacts which it had would be its role in serving as an impetus to accelerate the digital transformation of healthcare globally.

At the HIMSS APAC Malaysia Digital Health Summit session titled Accelerating the Digital Transformation of Healthcare hosted by Tim Kelsey (Senior Vice President HIMSS Analytics International), Christian Besler (Chief Digital Officer of Ayala Health Philippines) and Dr Fazilah Shaik Allaudin (Senior Deputy Director of Ministry of Health Malaysia), the panelists discuss the various approaches which the Philippines and Malaysia have taken to continue providing online healthcare services to their citizens amidst this global crisis.

Steps taken by the respective governments

HIMSS20 Digital

In the Philippines, a huge amount of emphasis was placed on corporate health. This was done in a bid to help employees detect and effectively manage chronic diseases at an early stage which would in turn help to greatly reduce medical insurance costs that will be borne by employers eventually. Primary care clinics were built within large corporations themselves, greatly facilitating employees visits to the clinics. With the onset of COVID-19, doctors were open-minded and fast thinking which allowed for the smooth and swift transition to telehealth. With this continued provision of medical services to employees, they could continue working from the safety of their homes whilst receiving the appropriate medical assistance.

Similarly, Malaysia was able to quickly put together a COVID-19 digital response with 6 main focus areas:

Mainstream media coupled with social media were the key online platforms which were utilised to provide constant updates about new cases or any cluster outbreaks within the country. Contact tracing applications such as MySejahtra and MyTrace were set up using a QR code digital log system. Each store/restaurant would have a unique QR code which stores the phone number of each individual entering when the user scans the code. In the event that someone who enters the store gets positively diagnosed with the virus, this information can then be promptly disseminated to other visitors of the store and appropriate quarantine actions meted out if necessary.

Virtual clinics and electronic appointments were also made readily available to the public so they can continue to receive the required healthcare services even from their homes.

Numerous operational systems were also deployed in order to manage the sudden influx of infected patients. Queue management systems and facility based systems were set up to aid in crowd control and enforce social distancing measures, effectively mitigating further spread of the virus. eCOVID19, a data collection system comprising of analytical tools and various dashboards served to help monitor new COVID-19 cases and changes on the ground which paved the way for better government decision making in their policies.

On the record

COVID actually made us realise that a proper data collection tool/system is very important said Dr Fazilah Shaik Allaudin. She postulates that Malaysia should continue to strengthen redesign the healthcare systems as well as enhance digital technology and innovation in healthcare even with the passing of COVID-19. All these, coupled with the collaboration and coordination of the various sectors of the country will be sufficient to help revitalize the Malaysian economy which was badly impacted by COVID-19.

To gain access to the on-demand video of the keynote dialogue, please email Evelyn.Wee@himss.org.

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SUNY Schenectady wins $3M grant for health care education – NEWS10 ABC

SCHENECTADY, N.Y.(NEWS10) The federal Department of Health and Human Services is awarding a $3 million grant to SUNY Schenectady to support the training of hundreds of eligible students for careers in the health care field.

Under the Health Profession Opportunity Grant program, SUNY Schenectady offers nursing and technical courses to low-income students, who earn industry-recognized certificates in:

Curriculums include hands-on training, skills assessments, job interview training, plus assistance with child care and transportation. Since SUNY Schenectady began offering HPOG programs:

HPOG programs represent life-changing opportunities for many low-income students who cant access specialized training courses. Oftentimes simply having access to that first entry into education is so critical for students, says Dr. Steady Moono, President of SUNY Schenectady. HPOG is so valuable because it provides the first step into health care training, as well as a clear pathway [to] continue advancing in their health care careers.

When you take pride in what you do every day, there is a big sense of satisfaction in that, said HPOG student and nurse Crystal Hodge.

HPOG programs were created to train qualified health care staff, and the latest round of funding came from the CARES act as part of the latest stimulus package.

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SUNY Schenectady wins $3M grant for health care education - NEWS10 ABC

3 Ways Predictive Analytics is Advancing the Healthcare Industry – HealthITAnalytics.com

July 21, 2020 -As the healthcare industry has increasingly aimed to deliver proactive, quality care, predictive analytics models have emerged as viable tools for improving outcomes and cutting costs.

From mapping the spread of infectious diseases, to forecasting the potential impact of certain conditions, predictive analytics tools can help organizations stay one step ahead in an unpredictable industry.

Researchers and provider organizations are applying predictive analytics techniques to improve practices across the care continuum, leading to more informed decision-making and better patient care.

Throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, predictive analytics models have played a major role in helping healthcare leaders track and prepare for the spread of the virus.

Researchers at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth) recently developed a new COVID-19 tracking tool that leverages predictive modeling to help mitigate the impact of the virus.

READ MORE: Predictive Analytics Model Examines Droplets to Map COVID-19 Spread

We created this interactive public health dashboard because we wanted to help our fellow Texans. By understanding future trends of this virus, it can help aid in the effective management of local resources, said Jos-Miguel Yamal, PhD, an associate professor of biostatistics and data science at UTHealth School of Public Health in Houston and one of the projects lead developers.

The interactive tool is freely available to the community to inform public health decision-making across the state. In addition to the figures for the daily number of confirmed cases throughout the state, the tool provides charts that show the measure of contagiousness of each COVID-19-positive individual in the region.

The dashboard identifies the current hot spots, predicts future spread both at the state and county level, and houses relevant public health resources. It can effectively inform decision-makers across Texas to help mitigate the spread of COVID-19, said Shreela Sharma, PhD, a member of the research team and professor of epidemiology, human genetics, and environmental sciences at UTHealth School of Public Health in Houston.

A team at CommonSpirit Health has also leveraged predictive analytics tools to help public health officials better prepare for the spread of COVID-19. The organization used de-identified cell phone data, public health information, and data from its own care sites to build predictive models and gain insight into COVID-19 dips and surges.

We started looking at the first peaks of the virus, and there were enough cases for us to do some modeling and prediction. Now, just three months later, we're looking at the same virus as people are getting back together and the contact rate is going up. And we're trying to manage this resurgence in our markets, Joseph Colorafi, MD, System VP of Clinical Data Science for CommonSpirit Health, told HealthITAnalytics.

READ MORE: Predictive Analytics Model Forecasts COVID-19 Risk, Outcomes

Researchers have also applied predictive analytics techniques to manage and stem the onset of chronic conditions.

A study recently published in Diabetes Care showed that building predictive models with patient data, including history of comorbidities and medications, can determine the five- to ten-year life expectancy of older adults with diabetes and help providers develop personalized treatment plans.

The guidelines don't give doctors guidance for how to decide whether or not people fall into these different bins for life expectancy,saidKevin Griffith, research analyst at the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) Boston Healthcare System.

Furthermore, clinicians are notoriously inaccurate in predicting life expectancy, with studies frequently showing both over- and underestimating. We developed models with high predictive validity of future mortality in a large sample of older veterans with diabetes.

The models could help providers use shared decision-making to establish A1c target ranges that balance treatment and risks. The models could also serve as comprehensive clinical decision support tools for diabetes management and care.

READ MORE: 60% of Healthcare Execs Say They Use Predictive Analytics

Predictive analytics tools can also help improve chronic disease prevention. Researchers from Mount Sinai recently developed new predictive analytics tools and identified environmental risk factors that could lead to a new understanding of what triggers Crohns disease.

Early identification of individuals at high risk for disease development could allow for close monitoring and interventions to delay, attenuate, or even halt disease initiation, said Jean-Frederic Colombel, MD, Professor of Medicine (Gastroenterology) at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai and Co-Director ofMount Sinais Susan and Leonard Feinstein Inflammatory Bowel Disease Clinical Center.

This is highly relevant as we seek to predict and prevent IBD, which continues to sharply increase in numbers across the globe. In the absence of a cure, our clinical strategy will center on aggressive and innovative mechanisms to predict and prevent the disease.

Using predictive analytics models, researchers and provider organizations can also prepare for potential future trends and events that impact clinical care delivery.

In a study published in the Lancet Public Health, researchers showed that a big data model projected that without any changes in alcohol consumption or interventions to address high-risk drinking, deaths from alcohol-related liver disease will rise significantly in the US.

The studys results revealed that lawmakers should consider taking measures to curb high-risk drinking across the country.

Our study underscores the need to bring alcohol-related disease to the forefront of policy discussions and identify effective policies to reduce high-risk drinking in the US,saidsenior authorJagpreet Chhatwal, a senior scientist at theMGH Institute for Technology Assessmentand an assistant professor at Harvard Medical School.

On a smaller scale, researchers can use predictive analytics tools to get ahead of adverse healthcare events in individual patients. Recent research funded by the National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities showed that a simple risk prediction model helped forecast stroke risk in adult patients who have migraine with aura.

The model could help providers identify patients at high risk and intervene before the stroke occurs.

People who have migraine with aura are at increased risk for anischemic stroke, said Souvik Sen, MD, MPH, study co-author, and professor and chair of the neurology department at the University of South Carolina School of Medicine in Columbia, South Carolina. With our new risk-prediction tool, we could start identifying those at higher risk, treat their risk factors and lower their risk of stroke.

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3 Ways Predictive Analytics is Advancing the Healthcare Industry - HealthITAnalytics.com

Age-Friendly Health Systems on Target to Impact 1000 Health Care Organizations In 2020 – Business Wire

BOSTON--(BUSINESS WIRE)--Halfway through 2020, the Institute for Healthcare Improvement (IHI) is pleased to announce that by the end of the year, Age-Friendly Health Systems is on track to achieve its goal of recognizing the work of 1,000 hospitals, office practices, retail clinics, and post-acute care facilities for improving care of older Americans. Age-Friendly Health Systems is an initiative of The John A. Hartford Foundation and the Institute for Healthcare Improvement in partnership with the American Hospital Association (AHA) and the Catholic Health Association of the United States (CHA). As of July 21, 779 health care organizations have earned either level 1 (Participant) or level 2 (Committed to Care Excellence) recognition in the movement. Its a distinction based on an evidence-based framework known as the 4Ms: asking what Matters to older adults; making sure Medications are helpful, not harmful to patients; attending to Mentation, including delirium, depression, and dementia; and ensuring Mobility so older adults can maintain their function. Level 1 teams have successfully developed plans to implement the 4Ms; level 2 teams have three months of verified data to demonstrate early impact of using the 4Ms.

This work is a dream come true and IHI has taken us to a new level of impact. The rapid expansion of the Age-Friendly Health Systems movement means more older adults are reliably getting the evidence-based care they need, said Terry Fulmer, PhD, RN, FAAN, President of The John A. Hartford Foundation. We are proud to see such high levels of commitment from health systems across the country, commitment that now includes using age-friendly care to address the COVID-19 pandemic.

When COVID-19 began to spread in the US in March, Age-Friendly Health Systems care teams, already engaging with older patients, were determined to adapt the 4Ms to the crisis at hand. What Matters turned out to be key in a myriad of situations and circumstances, from weighing the risks and benefits of treatments if someone was infected with the Coronavirus and quite ill, to making sure caregivers were prepared to respond to delirium, which is a significant risk for hospitalized elders. Many AFHS teams quickly got into the virtual space, converting programs that relied on face-to-face encounters with older adults into virtual visits that succeeded in maintaining connection. One physician developed a model script organized around the 4Ms that other providers can use to conduct telehealth visits with older adults.

Mary Tinetti, MD, is a Professor of Medicine (Geriatrics) and Public Health, and Chief of Geriatrics at Yale School of Medicine and Yale New Haven Hospital. As Faculty and Advisory Group founding co-chair for Age-Friendly Health Systems, she stated, I heard from health care organizations that had experience with the 4Ms that they felt better equipped than they expected to respond to COVID-related challenges in both the hospital and clinic. The 4Ms framework could be adapted to the crisis situation responding to the large increase in agitated delirium associated with COVID, rapid adoption of medication optimization strategies to reduce nurse-patient direct contact, and implementation of a 4Ms structure for telemedicine visits. Teams accustomed to working together implemented necessary changes quickly. The Age-Friendly Health Systems movement is proving invaluable during the pandemic and should remain embedded in the fabric of care as health care opens back up.

Teams have gotten used to working together by taking part in one of the movements major entry points, Age-Friendly Health Systems Action Communities. Over a period of several months, these communities offer health systems from across the country opportunities to learn from one another and expert faculty how to rapidly adopt the 4Ms across their organizations.

According to Leslie Pelton, MPA, Senior Director, IHI, Our experience has been that the Action Communities are excellent springboards for teams to build on their existing evidence-based care for older adults to achieve reliable practice of the 4Ms. This years pandemic has underscored the importance and urgency of knowing how to adapt and maintain the best care when there are significant disruptions in usual services, especially impacting vulnerable populations. The 4Ms have become part of emergency preparedness. We invite all who care for older adults to join us in this initiative.

Age-Friendly Health Systems Action Communities are available for individuals and teams each fall and spring. The next opportunity to join a community, run by IHIs partner, AHA, is September. Once the goal of recognizing 1,000 hospitals, office practices, retail clinics, and post-acute care facilities by the end of 2020 is reached, the work continues. IHI and its Age-Friendly Health Systems partners hope to recognize 2600 such organizations by June 2023.

For more information, visit ihi.org/agefriendly. On social media, follow and join the age-friendly conversation by using the hashtag #AgeFriendlyHealthSystems.

About the Institute for Healthcare Improvement (IHI)

The Institute for Healthcare Improvement (IHI) is an independent not-for-profit organization based in Boston, Massachusetts, USA. For more than 25 years, IHI has used improvement science to advance and sustain better outcomes in health and health systems across the world. IHI brings awareness of safety and quality to millions, catalyzes learning and the systematic improvement of care, develops solutions to previously intractable challenges, and mobilizes health systems, communities, regions, and nations to reduce harm and deaths. IHI collaborates with a growing community to spark bold, inventive ways to improve the health of individuals and populations. IHI generates optimism, harvests fresh ideas, and supports anyone, anywhere who wants to profoundly change health and health care for the better. Learn more at ihi.org.

About the John A. Hartford Foundation

The John A. Hartford Foundation, based in New York City, is a private, nonpartisan, national philanthropy dedicated to improving the care of older adults. For more than three decades, the organization has been the leader in building a field of experts in aging and testing and replicating innovative approaches to care. The Foundation has three areas of emphasis: creating age-friendly health systems, supporting family caregivers, and improving serious illness and end-of-life care. Working with its grantees, the Foundation strives to change the status quo and create a society where older adults can continue their vital contributions. For more information, visit johnahartford.org and follow @johnahartford.

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United HealthCare focuses on record profits – Villages-News

Gil Ziffer

An arrangement between AARP and the UnitedHealth Group medical insurance company has made billions of dollars for both entities with United HealthCare just having its biggest quarterly profit ever. But as a pandemic rages out of control a pandemic that most profoundly affects the elderly its time to ask whether those profits come at the expense of AARPs vulnerable membership. AARP is a nonprofit, nonpartisan membership organization for people age 50 and over and dedicated to enhancing quality of life for all as we age

AARP also provides a wide range of unique benefits, special products, and services for its members. One of these benefits is a trusted partner arrangement with UnitedHealth Group to sell Medicare-related insurance products to AARP members.

Under the AARP brand, UnitedHealth has been offering Medicare Advantage health benefits & Medicare Part D drug benefits since 1997. AARP receives a 4.95 percent fee for each plan sold and has received over $4 billion to date. The partnership will continue through at least 2025.

This arrangement may be a lucrative one for UnitedHealth and AARP but is it good for its 38 million members, especially those in Florida, many of whom are among the most vulnerable members of the population?

A growing number of people, including politicians and consumer-advocacy groups, have questioned these arrangements with commercial partners, asking whether they are in the best interest of AARP members. Critics claim that plans for products such as health care, car insurance and short-term health care insurance for instance, are not always fairly priced.

Medicare Advantage was set up by the federal government to allow private insurers to provide a strong social safety net to seniors through managed care plans. This opened the door for these health insurers to access billions of dollars of federal funds and health insurance companies profits continue to rise. UnitedHealths revenue rose 6.8 percent in the first quarter of 2020 to $64 billion beating analysts estimates, and one reason for this critics argue, is that services and access to care continues to be eroded.

The AARP-UnitedHealth partnership, which is being challenged in the courts, has come under renewed scrutiny because of problems that have arisen during the ongoing pandemic.

Many AARP-UnitedHealth members have been billed for coronavirus testing even though the law requires insurers to cover this without cost-sharing. Others claim that the insurer is making it more difficult to claim for COVID-19 related treatment, even though Congress requires that these too should be covered.

With treatment for COVID-19 not free, and the possibility that treatment could necessitate lengthy hospital stays, patients are at risk of receiving giant bills and thus incurring debt that will be impossible to pay off, Rep. Katie Porter, D-Calif., wrote in a letter to United Health chairman David Wichmann last month.

UnitedHealth replied that some members received bills for testing early on before specific COVID-19 billing codes had been generated, but it also announced that it would only pay for testing that they consider is medically necessary. It is unclear what criteria is used to determine medically necessary and who will pay for tests that arent deemed medically necessary.

Only under pressure did UnitedHealth extend its member cost-sharing waiver for the treatment of COVID-19 from May 31 to July 24 and no one knows what will happen after that, but there are still loopholes.

Members can still be billed if they use an out-of-network provider or lab for a test. They can also be billed for medical treatment for long-term complications as a result of the virus such as heart disease and kidney failure. Doctors are only now discovering the life-threatening and costly long-term health effects. However, insurers are classifying some of these complications as separate from the virus when billing and this has led to some patients receiving staggering bills.

Even though they are aware of these issues and the surprise billings, AARP has yet to call for any action to protect its members. AARP and UnitedHealth need to step-up and be more concerned about people than profits, particularly those people that are the most vulnerable in this difficult time. Shame on them.

Gil Ziffer is executive director of the Florida Consumer Alliance and a past president of the Florida League of Cities.

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United HealthCare focuses on record profits - Villages-News