Quick look: Jordan Weems promising in Oakland As exhibition game against Giants – Athletics Nation

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The Oakland As will have some new players on the team when the season begins Friday, and one of them is reliever Jordan Weems, who was added to the 40-man roster last weekend. Not only is Weems new to Oakland, but to the majors entirely, as the 27-year-old minor league free agent signing is yet to pitch above Triple-A in his career. Hes also new to pitching in general, as he only converted to the position in 2016 after previously being a catcher.

That means weve never seen Weems on an MLB field, in any uniform, but we got an early preview on Monday in Oaklands exhibition game against the Giants. The right-hander entered in the 7th inning in the middle of a rally, and faced two batters for a total of four pitches. Heres a closer look.

Weems came in with a runner on second base and two outs. His first batter was righty Wilmer Flores, a quality MLB hitter coming off arguably his best season last summer. His first pitch to Flores was a slider dropped perfectly on the outside corner for a called strike. Next he went hard in, 96.3 on the inside corner, and this time he drew a swing. Flores hit it but not well, getting jammed and lofting a soft flare, but unfortunately it went toward nobody and landed safely for a lucky bloop hit and enough to score the inherited runner.

The result was bad, but its hard to fault Weems. He threw two good pitches and successfully induced weak contact from a good hitter. This is pretty much the definition of BABIP noise.

Next up was Steven Duggar, a lefty who has not been productive at the plate in his young career so far. Weems started him off up and away at 95.9, getting a generous call on the upper-right corner of the zone. He then gave Duggar a slider a little bit outside, and Duggar chased it, sending a soft grounder to shortstop for a routine out.

Heres his pitch chart, from Baseball Savant. The orange alone on the right side is the first-pitch slider to Flores (called strike). The green dot on the left edge of the zone is the fastball Flores hit, and the green slightly to its lower-left is the slider Duggar hit. The other orange in our upper-left is the called-strike fastball to Duggar.

We didnt get to see much of Weems, and certainly not enough to draw anything remotely resembling a conclusion, but it was a nice first impression. We saw the plus velocity that was advertised, with possibly another mile or two still waiting up his sleeve. We saw him place his breaking ball for a strike, and boldly do so as the first pitch of an at-bat plus we still havent seen his new splitter thats been mentioned. And although he didnt stay out there long enough to get a swing-and-miss, he did generate two pieces of weak contact. At the very least, Im interested to see more of him.

Weems is going to begin the year in the majors, so perhaps we could get another look at him (for his MLB debut!) as soon as this weekend in the season-opening series. The As play the Angels from Friday through Monday, with Opening Day televised at 7:10 p.m. on ESPN.

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Quick look: Jordan Weems promising in Oakland As exhibition game against Giants - Athletics Nation

Jordan Henderson: I always dreamed of this, it’s really special – Liverpool FC

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Jordan Henderson relished the feeling of lifting the Premier League trophy for Liverpool FC as he completed a lifelong dream on Wednesday night.

The Reds captain climbed the podium on the Kop to receive the glittering prize and officially end the clubs 30-year wait to be crowned champions of England again.

He did so after another incredible season from Jrgen Klopps side, who moved up to 96 points with their 5-3 win over Chelsea at Anfield having collected 97 last term.

As the celebrations ensued inside the stadium, Henderson reflected on the occasion and the overall sense of achievement in a post-match interview with Sky Sports.

Read a summary of the skippers reaction below

On the emotions of receiving the trophy

Weve been waiting a long time, like I said before the game. The build-up to it, walking up there was amazing. Like I said, the lads deserved the moment tonight. The families were up there watching, which was a big thing for us as a team. Its been an amazing season and to crown it off like that was really special.

On whether there was one pivotal moment in the season

Not really. The start was really important, of course. From then, we just grew and grew as the season went on, got stronger, more confident and ruthless really. We found a way to win on so many occasions and thats just down to mentality. The lads have been brilliant all season and they deserve what they get now.

On Liverpools mentality after missing out on the title by one point last term

It makes it even more special. After last season, getting 97 points and not winning it was hard to take, but then we reacted a few weeks later and won the Champions League. At the start of the Premier League season we knew we had unfinished business. Its been an amazing season and Im so thankful that Im part of this club and part of this team that has managed to get the Premier League after 30 years.

On whether he ever dreamed he would win the Premier League

I always dreamed, you know. The Premier League has been a dream of mine since I was a kid and that was one of the reasons why I wanted to come to Liverpool you want to win trophies and the expectations are so high. But when you come as a young player, its so difficult. Its been a process, a journey and it hasnt happened overnight. Over the past five years since the gaffer came in, its been a process, a journey and every single player has been a part of that journey. To finish the season off like this has been really special. We can enjoy tonight but, after this, next season is going to be a big challenge for us. I thought tonight we showed the mentality again to come and perform like we did, and get the result we did.

On the bond among this team

Thats the most important thing its a team. Of course, youre going to have individuals that perform but the most important thing is the team. Were always there together for each other, its a really close group as you can see and thats off the field and on the field. It makes a massive difference and its another thing the gaffer has brought since hes come in: that togetherness in the dressing room. It has made a really big difference on the pitch.

On receiving individual praise for his performances this season

Its obviously nice to hear good things but, at the same time, its not really about me. Its about the team. I wouldnt be where I am today without the players I have played with since Ive been at Liverpool, the managers that Ive had, the coaches that Ive worked with and the team these last few years has been immense and helped me massively. Im lucky enough to be a part of this football club, lucky enough to work with some amazing people that have helped me. I have always tried to give everything Ive got, Ive always tried to improve every single season and that wont stop until I finish.

Join the celebrations on LFCTV and LFCTV GO -liverpoolfc.com/watch. Use code 1920GOFREE to get LFCTV GO free for one month.Terms and conditions apply.

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Jordan Henderson: I always dreamed of this, it's really special - Liverpool FC

You don’t have the right to put others at risk by not wearing a mask – Newsday

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Newsday is opening this story to all readers so Long Islanders have access to important information about the coronavirus outbreak. All readers can learn the latest news at newsday.com/LiveUpdates.Your subscription is important because it supports our work covering the coronavirus outbreak and other strong local journalism Newsday provides. You can find the latest news on the coronavirus outbreak at newsday.com/LiveUpdates.

"I don't need a mask!" declared the San Diego woman to a Starbucks barista. The woman apparently believed she had a right to enter mask-free, contrary to the coffee bar's policy. A surprising number of Americans treat expectations of mask-wearing during the coronavirus pandemic in a similar way as if these expectations were paternalistic, limiting people's liberty for their own good. They are dead wrong.

Their thinking reflects what we might call "faux libertarianism," a deformation of the classic liberal theory known as libertarianism. Libertarianism is the political and moral philosophy according to which everyone has rights to life, liberty and property and various specific rights that flow from these fundamental ones. Libertarian rights are rights of noninterference, rather than entitlements to be provided with services. So your right to life is a right not to be killed and does not include a right to life-sustaining health care services. And your right to property is a right to acquire and retain property through your own lawful actions, not a right to be provided property.

Libertarianism lies at the opposite end of the political spectrum from socialism, which asserts positive rights to such basic needs as food, clothing, housing and health care. According to libertarianism, a fundamental right to liberty supports several more specific rights including freedom of movement, freedom of association and freedom of religious worship. Neither the state nor other individuals may violate these rights of competent adults for their own protection. To do so would be unjustifiably paternalistic, say libertarians, treating grown-ups as if they needed parenting.

Why do I claim that Americans who resist mask-wearing in public embrace faux libertarianism, a disfigured version of the classic liberty-loving philosophy? Because they miss the fact that a compelling justification for mask-wearing rules is not paternalistic at all not focused on the agent's but rather appeals to people's responsibilities regarding public health. This point is entirely consistent with libertarianism.

Consider your right to freedom of movement. This right does not include a right to punch someone in the face, unless you both agree to a boxing match, and does not include a right to enter someone else's house, without an invitation. Rights extend only so far. They do not encompass prerogatives to harm others (without their consent) or violate their rights. Once we appreciate that rights have boundaries, rather than being limitless, we can see the relationship between liberty rights and public health.

Your rights to freedom of movement, freedom of association, and so on do not encompass a prerogative to place others at undue risk; to endanger others in this way is to violate their rights, which you have no right to do. This idea justifies our sensible laws against drunk driving. So even a libertarian can, and should, applaud Starbucks and its barista for insisting on mask-wearing during the coronavirus pandemic. Whether or not the woman who said she didn't need a mask had a right to ignore her own health, she had no right to put other customers and Starbucks employees at risk either directly, by possibly spreading infection, or indirectly, by flouting a norm of mask-wearing that is reasonably related to public health and protecting other people from harm and rights violations.

The fallacy of faux libertarianism is thinking that liberty rights have unlimited scopes, that one's right to freedom of association, for example, means a right to get together with anyone, at any time, under any circumstances, even if doing so endangers others. If liberty rights had unlimited scopes, then there could be no legitimate laws or social norms since all laws and norms limit liberty in some way or another. That means that, if faux libertarianism were correct, then the only legitimate government would be no government at all, which is to say anarchy as opposed to civil society. And if no social norms were legitimate, then each of us would lack not only legal rights but also moral rights. In that case, we would have no right to liberty or anything else.

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Unlike libertarianism, which is a coherent outlook, faux libertarianism refutes itself by destroying any intelligible basis for rights to life, liberty, and property. I am no fan of libertarianism, which I find problematic at various levels. But it is far more compelling than its incoherent impostor, faux libertarianism. Mask up, people, before you enter crowded, public spaces!

David DeGraziais the Elton Professor of Philosophy at George Washington University. This piece was written for The Baltimore Sun.

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You don't have the right to put others at risk by not wearing a mask - Newsday

David DeGrazia: Maybe you have a right to put your health at risk, but not that of others – Santa Maria Times

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Why do I claim that Americans who resist mask-wearing in public embrace faux libertarianism, a disfigured version of the classic liberty-loving philosophy? Because they miss the fact that a compelling justification for mask-wearing rules is not paternalistic at all - not focused on the agent's own good - but rather appeals to people's responsibilities regarding public health. This point is entirely consistent with libertarianism.

Consider your right to freedom of movement. This right does not include a right to punch someone in the face, unless you both agree to a boxing match, and does not include a right to enter someone else's house, without an invitation. Rights extend only so far. They do not encompass prerogatives to harm others (without their consent) or violate their rights. Once we appreciate that rights have boundaries, rather than being limitless, we can see the relationship between liberty rights and public health.

Your rights to freedom of movement, freedom of association, and so on do not encompass a prerogative to place others at undue risk; to endanger others in this way is to violate their rights, which you have no right to do. This idea justifies our sensible laws against drunk driving. So even a libertarian can, and should, applaud Starbucks and its barista for insisting on mask-wearing during the coronavirus pandemic. Whether or not the woman who said she didn't need a mask had a right to ignore her own health, she had no right to put other customers and Starbucks employees at risk _ either directly, by possibly spreading infection, or indirectly, by flouting a norm of mask-wearing that is reasonably related to public health and protecting other people from harm and rights violations.

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David DeGrazia: Maybe you have a right to put your health at risk, but not that of others - Santa Maria Times

The Disastrous Handling of the Pandemic is Libertarianism in Action, Will Americans Finally Say Good Riddance? – CounterPunch

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We have now reached peak Libertarianism, and this bizarre experiment that has been promoted by the billionaire class for over 40 years is literally killing us.

Back in the years before Reagan, a real estate lobbying group called the Foundation for Economic Education (FEE) came up with the idea of creating a political party to justify deregulating the real estate and finance industries so they could make more money. The party would give them ideological and political cover, and they developed an elaborate theology around it.

It was called the Libertarian Party, and their principal argument was that if everybody acted separately and independently, in all cases with maximum selfishness, that that would benefit society. There would be no government needed beyond an army and a police force, and a court system to defend the rights of property owners.

In 1980, billionaire David Koch ran for vice president on the newly formed Libertarian Party ticket. His platform was to privatize the Post Office, shut down all public schools, privatize Medicare and Medicaid, end food stamps and all other forms of welfare, deregulate all corporate oversight, and sell off much of the federal governments land and other assets to billionaires and big corporations.

Since then, Libertarian billionaires and right-wing media have been working hard to get Americans to agree with Ronald Reagans statementfrom his first inaugural address that, [G]overnment is not the solution to our problem; government is the problem.

And Trump is getting us there now.

Every federal agency of any consequence is now run by a lobbyist or former industry insider.

The Labor Department is trying to destroy organized labor; the Interior Department is selling off our public lands; the EPA is promoting deadly pesticides and allowing more and more pollution; the FCC is dancing to the tune of giant telecom companies; the Education Department is actively working to shut down and privatize our public school systems; the USDA is shutting down food inspections; the Defense Department is run by a former weapons lobbyist; even the IRS and Social Security agencies have been gutted, with tens of thousands of their employees offered early retirement or laid off so that very, very wealthy people are no longer being audited and the wait time for a Social Security disability claim is now over two years.

The guy Trump put in charge of the Post Office is actively destroying the Post Office, and the bonus for Trump might be that this will throwa huge monkey wrench in any effort to vote by mail in November.

Trump has removed the United States from the Paris Climate Agreement, and fossil fuel lobbyists now control Americas response to global warming.

Our nations response to the coronavirus has been turned over to private testing and drug companies, and the Trump administration refuses to implement any official government policy, with Health and Human Services Secretary Alex Azar saying that its all up to individual responsibility.

The result is more than 140,000 dead Americans and 3 million infected, with many fearing for their lives.

While the Libertarian ideas and policies promoted by that real estate lobbying group that invented the Libertarian Party have made CEOs and billionaire investors very, very rich, its killing the rest of us.

In the 1930s and 1940s, Franklin Delano Roosevelt put America back together after the Republican Great Depression and built the largest and wealthiest middle class in the history of the world at the time.

Now, 40 years of libertarian Reaganomics have gutted the middle class, made a handful of oligarchs wealthier than anybody in the history of the world, and brought an entire generation of hustlers and grifters into public office via the GOP.

When America was still coasting on FDRs success in rebuilding our government and institutions, nobody took very seriously the crackpot efforts to tear it all down.

Now that theyve had 40 years to make their project work, were hitting peak Libertarianism and its tearing our country apart, pitting Americans against each other, and literally killing hundreds of people every day.

If America is to survive as a functioning democratic republic, we must repudiate the greed is good ideology of Libertarianism, get billionaires and their money out of politics, and rebuild our civil institutions.

That starts with waking Americans up to the incredible damage that 40 years of libertarian Reaganism has done to this country.

Pass it on.

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The Disastrous Handling of the Pandemic is Libertarianism in Action, Will Americans Finally Say Good Riddance? - CounterPunch

The Libertarian Case for Immigration (and Against Trump) – Lawfare

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A Review of Free to Move: Foot Voting, Migration, and Political Freedom by Ilya Somin (Cato Institute Book, Oxford University Press, 2020)

***

To hear President Trump tell it, open borders is a mantra of the radical Left. In his new book, Free to Move: Foot Voting, Migration, and Political Freedom, the always engaging and resourceful Ilya Somin, a professor at the Antonin Scalia Law School at George Mason University, proudly claims the open borders ground from a different end of the political spectrum. Somin offers a compelling and ingenious justification for free global movement, from the standpoint not of politics, let alone the radical Left, but instead from a libertarian, small-government perspective.

Recent events have also made Somins book more timely than ever. Immigration took center stage, for example, in the Supreme Courts June 2020 decision invalidating the Trump administrations attempted rescission of President Obamas Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) program (see my Lawfare analysis here). And immigration law could soon be heading for a new chapter. A potential change in control of the White House and the Senate in the wake of the November elections could jump-start legislative immigration reform to help the Dreamers currently benefiting from DACA protections, as well as the rest of the United Statess estimated 12 million undocumented noncitizens.

I favor changes stemming from a moderate reformist perspective that relies principally on the political branches, checked by judicial review where appropriate. Somins bracing prescription, by contrast, is ultimately unduly strong medicine.

However, Somin makes a powerful argument for a broader right to free movement less dependent on the vicissitudes of politicsan argument with moral, political, economic and legal facets.

In keeping with Somins consistent approach to libertarian ideas, Free to Move champions international migration and critiques the economic, law enforcement and sovereignty rationales for immigration restrictions. Somin argues that people should be free to move across borders if they choose. Moreover, they should be free to do so for a range of reasons, including economic self-interest and the search for more responsive governance. According to Somin, free movement will enhance economic, social and political well-being. While most defenses of immigration restrictions cite economic and law enforcement concerns with open borders, Somin pushes back on these justifications for limits on immigration.

Somin also counters the sovereignty-based case for immigration curbs. The sovereignty position, as refined by the political philosopher Michael Walzer in his classic study, Spheres of Justice, holds that political and social entities must have the power to regulate the entry of free riders who would consume resources without contributing labor in return. Moreover, participants in self-government have the right to control the character of the entity that they govern. Walzers character does not necessarily mean a narrow focus on culture, and the theorist acknowledges that a state has a duty to admit refugees at risk of harm elsewhere.

Character in Walzers sense may extend to population density; residents may believe that a more dispersed population is more conducive to habits of leisure or a more relaxed pace of life. They may choose lower levels of immigration to preserve this attribute. Of course, there are responses to each of these character-based arguments. But Walzer would argue that a sovereign state must have the power to choose its own character after deliberating about its options.

Although Somins probing of all three rationales is salutary, he is ultimately more successful, as Ill explain, on the economy and law enforcement fronts than on the more basic question of sovereigntys role in immigration restrictions.

Somins titleFree to Movecaptures his theme: the virtues of people voting with their feet for a better life and better institutions. The phrase voting with your feet entails expressing a preference for particular goods, services or approaches by choosing to buy or otherwise support them instead of their rivals. People can also vote with their feet for particular political or economic systems. In Somins book, voting with your feet describes the choice of immigrants to leave one country for a better life in another. For example, as Somin recounts, he and the rest of his Jewish family suffered from anti-Semitism in the former Soviet Union. After suffering for too long under the U.S.S.R.'s oppressive regime, Somin and his family managed to vote with their feet for greater liberty in the United States. Somin explains that Soviet officials feared that large-scale foot voting would highlight the profound flaws in the Soviet system. That is one reason they limited would-be foot voters exit from Russia.

For Somin, foot voting often bests its more familiar counterpart, ballot box voting. Ballot box voters are subject to manipulationboth foreign and domestic. Moreover, each has only a small voice in selecting political representatives and the policies those representatives enact. In contrast, foot voters can often make a decisive and immediate change for the better. They can do this by leaving countries dominated by despotic and corrupt regimes and relocating to countries with more responsive institutions. Somin suggests that foot voting can act as a positive force in destination countries, bringing new experiences and initiative. In addition, foot voting can be a force for positive change in immigrants countries of origin.

Somin is most compelling in deflating the economic rationales for immigration restrictions. As Somin notes, immigrants generally spur employment and increase economic activity. Free movement across borders would allow people to select a spot to call home that would maximize their productivity. Unfortunately, many countries all over the world suffer from oppressive governments and pervasive corruption. These ills act as a tax on individual effort and creativity, stifling economic development and human flourishing. Able to set up shop in a country with better institutions, an immigrant can leverage her skills, acquire new skills and capabilities more readily, and boost the economic vitality of her destination country. Relying on other advocates for free movement across borders, Somin refers to the value added to individuals efforts when they relocate to countries with better governance as the place premium. Somin argues persuasively that this place premium, replayed in the lives of multiple eager newcomers to the United States, will exponentially increase both national and global wealth.

These economic gains are realized not only by destination countries but also by sending countries. Immigrants send back remittances that lift the economies of their countries of origin. Moreover, communication by immigrants with friends, relatives, and entities in sending countries exposes countries to new political and economic ideas. That exposure can impel political, social and economic change in immigrants countries of origin. In this way, freer immigration can also ultimately reduce the push factors of ineffective governance and static economies that drive immigration in the first place.

Foot voting also serves the ends of justice. Without foot voting, persons at risk of persecution will have far more limited remedies. Although the United States is part of international refugee agreements that provide asylum for persons with a well-founded fear of persecution, U.S. refugee protections have marked gaps. U.S. asylum officers are in the main dedicated and capable, but judicial review of asylum decisions at the U.S. border is exceedingly limitedlimits that the Supreme Court upheld on June 25 in Department of Homeland Security v. Thuraissigiam (2020) (see Aditi Shahs analysis here). Modifying these curbs, as Somin would advocate, would ease obstacles for persons at risk. Moreover, Somin makes an intriguing case for including economic refugees under asylum protections, arguing that economic want is often a symptom of oppressive and corrupt institutions.

Somin also argues that two concerns frequently raised by immigration opponentscrime and terrorismare not convincing reasons for immigration restrictions. As Somin notes, immigrants are generally more law-abiding than U.S. citizens. In addition, since Sept. 11, 2001, terrorist acts by domestic sources, including white supremacist groups, have far exceeded terrorism on U.S. territory by noncitizens. President Trumps favorite targetsso-called sanctuary citiesare actually safer than their counterparts with more restrictive policies. In outlining this information, Somin provides a valuable antidote to slogans that seek to polarize the debate and demonize immigrants.

Somins well-aimed arguments would make a difference on pressing immigration issues. As Chief Justice John Roberts noted in his opinion for the Supreme Court in the DACA case, immigrants are productive and are already part of usinterwoven in positive ways with U.S. families, workplaces, educational institutions and other stakeholders. Forcibly removing people with such strong U.S. ties diminishes the rest of us and disrupts our way of life. It is self-defeating in the clearest sense of the term. For similar reasons, Somins argument supports comprehensive immigration reform that would allow the other 11 million people here without a lawful status to stay in the United States.

The justice reasons Somin outlines also support admitting far more refugeesat least 100,000 annually per his recommendationcompared with the paltry 18,000 that President Trump and his restrictionist immigration adviser, Stephen Miller, have grudgingly permitted. Admitting refugees saves lives and promotes freedom. It also sends a strong signal that the rest of the world should do the same. In contrast, the Trump administration has modeled fear, insecurity and intolerance, setting a sorry global example. (Similar damage stemmed from recently announced curbs on international students keeping their student visas while taking online courses during the coronavirus pandemic; thankfully, on July 14 the Trump administration rescinded those limits.)

If the Supreme Court had adopted Somins argument that the U.S. Constitutions bar on intentional discrimination should also apply to immigration, Trump v. Hawaii (2018) would have ended with a different result. In that case, the Supreme Court upheld President Trumps travel ban directed primarily at majority-Muslim countries. Somin singles out the travel ban for special disdain, pillorying the scant justifications the administration offered and the Supreme Court accepted.

Despite Somins intrepid invitation, substantially increased immigration might cause problems. To his credit, Somin doesnt blink at these risks. Instead, he suggests fixes that he calls keyhole solutions. For example, suppose a society was concerned that substantially greater immigration would be a drain on public benefits programs. Somin asserts that the government would have the right to limit immigrants access to such programs, at least temporarily. Indeed, this is largely what the United States currently does. A country worried about electoral volatility caused by a significant infusion of immigrants could limit the franchise to citizens. Of course, this is also U.S. policy.

More controversially, Somin suggests that such worries could justify an extreme keyhole solution: keeping immigrants as perpetual guests by barring any pathway to citizenship. Here, Somin arguably makes a concession that is inconsistent, if not incompatible, with U.S. values and recent history. Since 1952, all U.S. lawful permanent residents have been eligible for naturalization. Until then, Japanese immigrants to the United States could not become U.S. citizens. A return to those shameful days of permanent tiered participation in the American polity would be calamitous, not just for immigrants, but for the United Statess self-conception and its standing in the world. Even an exponential rise in foot voting would not justify such ignominious exclusions. A sovereign state should have the right to restrict immigration to some degreetheres a middle ground between draconian curbs that Somin rightly opposes and Somins prescription, which entails accepting both unrestricted immigration and a limited range of fixes that violates basic values.

Although Somin critiques the position that the power to restrict immigration is a necessary element of state sovereignty, the intrusive keyhole measures that Somin views as permissible undercut his discounting of sovereign interests. Only very potent sovereign interests would justify permanent tiered participation and denial of the franchise.

Somins critique of sovereignty argues against the restrictionist views of Trump and Miller but does not rebut the case for measured immigration limits.

Somin and nonlibertarian champions of open borders such as the political philosopher Joseph Carens are correct that immigration status is an accident of birth. Carens elaborates on liberal philosopher John Rawlss concept of the veil of ignorance. Under this view, the criteria for allocating goods are just if all people would freely choose to be governed by those criteria in a case where they did not already know what goods the criteria would grant to them. This original position of ignorance would guarantee fair chances to all.

Building on this foundation, Caren points out that no one earns being born in the United States, the United Kingdom, or Germany, as opposed to a country with a more corrupt and despotic regime. At the same time, this arbitrary aspect of immigration mirrors the allocation of other goods such as parental wealth, connections and expertise. A child does not choose her parents, but we do not require the state to separate families to winnow out the advantages that a child accrues from her parents status and achievements. In addition, a child does not earn the wealth she may eventually inherit from her parents. Progressive social theory supports inheritance taxes, at least for the super rich. But libertarians like Somin oppose confiscatory inheritance taxes, thus allowing that particular accident of birth to perpetuate inequality. Somin and other libertarian immigration theorists pick and choose which accidents are worth correcting for. This inconsistent treatment of accidents of birth undermines Somins critique of immigration restrictions.

Ultimately, Somins accident-of-birth critique does not undercut the sovereignty-based case for the power to restrict immigration. Somins critique may well inform efforts to temper restrictions through measures such as DACA and comprehensive immigration reform. However, Somins argument leaves substantial uncertainty about the future effects of uncontrolled immigration. A sovereign state could reasonably wish to hedge against that uncertainty.

Uncertainty about the effects of uncontrolled immigration is pervasive because no significant state currently allows free movement across its borders. As a result, available data is quite limited on the effects of an open-borders policy. In this sense, the economic and other benefits Somin cites from relatively controlled immigration do not constitute solid evidence that like benefits would flow from unbounded movement.

Truly uncontrolled immigration could cause substantial disruptions, at least in the short run. For example, even if immigration to the U.S. increases by a relatively small fraction of the hundreds of millions of people who wish to enter prosperous democracies such as the United States, that increase would roil the budgets of gateway areas, such as New York, Florida, Texas, and California. In the short run, these gateway areas would have to foot the bill for the education of immigrant children and other public services, without sufficient aid from the federal government. In fact, that is already the case, albeit to a smaller degree. The strain on the budgets of gateway areas would require wrenching budgetary choices. A sovereign state should have the power to limit the frequency of such dilemmas. Perhaps some states would choose to gamble that the favorable economic results that Somin cites from todays controlled immigration would yield equally favorable outcomes for uncontrolled immigration. However, neither law nor ethics should require states to make that gamble.

Political theorist Sarah Song, elaborating on Michael Walzers theory of sovereignty, views control over immigration as central to democratic self-determination. For Song, people of a state practicing self-government can choose to be risk averse and impose moderate limits on immigration. They can decide to steer clear of both open borders and draconian immigration curbsagain, as with Walzer, subject to the duty to admit refugees. Song views the power to make that choice as a necessary incident of self-government.

While Somin critiques Songs view, that critique is the least convincing portion of Free to Move. At bottom, Somin tries to pile ever more weight onto the already burdened accident-of-birth position. But that hoary argument cannot bear the load. Somin fails to acknowledge that his more extreme keyhole solutions, including precluding a path to citizenship, would install a two-tier model of political participation antithetical to current U.S. values. In viewing tiered participation as a small price to pay for foot voting, Somin underestimates tiered participations costs for a democratic politys underlying values. Those costs thus make the case for an alternative to Sominsa moderate regime that combines measured restrictions with ample refugee protections, judicial review, and the availability of comprehensive immigration reform to legalize the undocumented population.

This objection is, however, a minor point when weighed against Somins sophisticated and spirited alternative to a restrictionist system urged by Trump, Miller and other champions of reduced immigration. Somins arguments for foot voting skewer the economics and law enforcement tropes that make restrictionism rhetorically attractive to many in America today. The books combination of rigorous thought and engaging argument makes Free to Move a must-read for those interested in the future of immigration law and policy.

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The Libertarian Case for Immigration (and Against Trump) - Lawfare

Commentary: You have a right to put only your health at risk – Akron Beacon Journal

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"I dont need a mask!" declared the San Diego woman to a Starbucks barista. The woman apparently believed she had a right to enter mask-free, contrary to the coffee bars policy. A surprising number of Americans treat expectations of mask-wearing during the coronavirus pandemic in a similar way as if these expectations were paternalistic, limiting peoples liberty for their own good. They are dead wrong.

Their thinking reflects what we might call "faux libertarianism," a deformation of the classic liberal theory known as libertarianism, which is the political and moral philosophy according to which everyone has rights to life, liberty and property and various specific rights that flow from these fundamental ones. Libertarian rights are rights of noninterference, rather than entitlements to be provided with services. So your right to life is a right not to be killed and does not include a right to life-sustaining health care services. And your right to property is a right to acquire and retain property through your own lawful actions, not a right to be provided property.

Libertarianism lies at the opposite end of the political spectrum from socialism, which asserts positive rights to such basic needs as food, clothing, housing and health care. According to libertarianism, a fundamental right to liberty supports several more specific rights including freedom of movement, freedom of association and freedom of religious worship. Neither the state nor other individuals may violate these rights of competent adults for their own protection. To do so would be unjustifiably paternalistic, say libertarians, treating grown-ups as if they needed parenting.

Why do I claim that Americans who resist mask-wearing in public embrace faux libertarianism, a disfigured version of the classic liberty-loving philosophy? Because they miss the fact that a compelling justification for mask-wearing rules is not paternalistic at all not focused on the agents own good but rather appeals to peoples responsibilities regarding public health. This point is entirely consistent with libertarianism.

Consider your right to freedom of movement. This right does not include a right to punch someone in the face, unless you both agree to a boxing match, and does not include a right to enter someone elses house, without an invitation. Rights extend only so far. They do not encompass prerogatives to harm others (without their consent) or violate their rights. Once we appreciate that rights have boundaries, rather than being limitless, we can see the relationship between liberty rights and public health.

Your rights to freedom of movement, freedom of association, and so on do not encompass a prerogative to place others at undue risk; to endanger others in this way is to violate their rights, which you have no right to do. This idea justifies our sensible laws against drunk driving. So even a libertarian can, and should, applaud Starbucks and its barista for insisting on mask-wearing during the coronavirus pandemic. Whether or not the woman who said she didnt need a mask had a right to ignore her own health, she had no right to put other customers and Starbucks employees at risk either directly, by possibly spreading infection, or indirectly, by flouting a norm of mask-wearing that is reasonably related to public health and protecting other people from harm and rights violations.

The fallacy of faux libertarianism is thinking that liberty rights have unlimited scopes, that ones right to freedom of association, for example, means a right to get together with anyone, at any time, under any circumstances, even if doing so endangers others. If liberty rights had unlimited scopes, then there could be no legitimate laws or social norms since all laws and norms limit liberty in some way or another. That means that, if faux libertarianism were correct, then the only legitimate government would be no government at all, which is to say anarchy as opposed to civil society. And if no social norms were legitimate, then each of us would lack not only legal rights but also moral rights. In that case, we would have no right to liberty or anything else.

Unlike libertarianism, which is a coherent outlook, faux libertarianism refutes itself by destroying any intelligible basis for rights to life, liberty, and property. I am no fan of libertarianism, which I find problematic at various levels. But it is far more compelling than its incoherent impostor, faux libertarianism. Mask up, people, before you enter crowded, public spaces!

David DeGrazia (ddd@gwu.edu) is the Elton Professor of Philosophy at George Washington University. He wrote this for the Baltimore Sun.

Originally posted here:

Commentary: You have a right to put only your health at risk - Akron Beacon Journal

Antonio Gramsci: The Best Political Strategist in Historical past – The Shepherd of the Hills Gazette

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(This lecture was presented on July 18, 2020 at the 2020 Mises University.)

The year 2020 is not passing quietly. We are witnessing events unthinkable even a few months ago: keep your antisocial distance, wear a mask when entering a bank, follow the arrows on the floor of the supermarket, all sporting events cancelled, homeschoolingeven for university studentsis approved by all corners of government and society. Most relevant to this discussion: pot shops, liquor stores, and abortion clinics are essential; churches during Holy Week are not.

Add to this the protestsmore specifically the riots. Police told by government officials to stand down. Those who intend to defend their lives and their property are the ones judgedby the media, and potentially by government prosecutors and courts. Oh, yes: protesting and rioting wards off virusesno need for masks.

What, of all of this, is directly relevant to you? Why did I feel it appropriate to change the topic of this lecture in the last days? We are living through massive cultural changes. While culture always evolves, in the last several decades the changes have been revolutionaryand I use that term purposefully. These changes are aimed right at you and those who sat in your place over the last decades. The purpose is to create soldiers for the revolution.

What I hear of college, and it also is true in business and government, are stories of various cultural indoctrinationsmade ever more intense given the pretext for these recent riots. Politically correct speech to include even compelled speech, cancel culture, self-flagellation, a fight for the gold medal in the oppression olympics. If you disagree with any of this, you are a fascist. To further cement this indoctrination, a requirement to take classes that tear down Western civilizationeven saying those two words in anything other than a scornful tone could be costly.

There is a purpose behind this, a strategy. Events that we have been living through recently are not spontaneous or random. This is not accidental. These events are the result of a political strategy designed to strip us of our liberty. It is an insidious strategy. It is also very effective.

Whether knowingly or not, those carrying out this strategy are using the playbook of the most successful Marxist thinker in history. Given the damage this strategy has done to the freedoms of the West, I consider him to be the greatest political strategist in history.

And this is what I would like to discuss. Before beginning, I must give you fair warning on two points: First, much of this Marxist playbook sounds an awful lot like the wishes of simplistic libertarianslibertarianism for children, as a good friend once labeled this. I will come back to this point more than once.

Second, there will be a lot of discussion of Western tradition and culture in this lecture. Inherently this will include Christianity. But if you want to understand the enemys playbook, then this cannot be avoided.

Now, I know many libertarians push back hard on this topic: Christianity is unnecessary for liberty; in fact it is an enemy to liberty. I will only ask that you keep in mind: the most successful Marxist thinker in history believed that Christianity is the enemy of communism; its what stood in the way of communisms advance in the West. For now, I ask that you stay open to the possibility that he was rightbecause, when I look around me today, he sure appears to have been right.

With this laborious introduction out of the way, lets begin. The political strategist of whom I am speaking is Antonio Gramsci. Malachi Martin summarizes the importance of Gramsci, in his book The Keys of this Blood:

the political formula Gramsci devised has done much more than classical Leninismand certainly more than Stalinismto spread Marxism throughout the capitalist West.

What is that formula? Gary North explains: noting that Western society was deeply religious, Gramsci believed that

the only way to achieve a proletarian revolution would be to break the faith of the masses of Western voters in Christianity and the moral system derived from Christianity.

Religion and culture were at the base of the pyramid, the foundation. It was the culture, and not the economic condition of the working class, that was the key to bringing communism to the West. To be fair to Gramsci, he didnt start this ball rolling; the West was doing a fine job of damaging its cultural tradition.

One can point to elements of medieval Catholicism, the Reformation and Renaissance, the Enlightenment (as I have previously discussed), and postmillennial pietist Protestants (as Murray Rothbard so clearly demonstrated) as all contributing to this destruction long before Gramsci hit the scene. But without these cracks in the armor, Gramsci would never have been successful.

What is our current condition relative to Gramscis objectives? I could speak to the destruction of the family, the loss of all meaningful intermediating governance institutions, the absurdity of a good portion of what passes for university studies today, especially in liberal arts and humanitiesall of which are symptoms of the crumbling of the ultimate target at which Gramsci aimed. We have, this year, been given indisputable evidence as to the success of his political strategy in the response by Christian leaders to the coronavirus. Just as one example, from Kentucky:

When I asked (Bishop John Stowe of the Catholic Diocese of Lexington) what he would say to a pastor planning Easter worship, he was blunt: I would say its irresponsible, he said. Its jeopardizing peoples lives.

I know we live in a fact-free world, but was it ever wise to believe that we were facing the Black Death? In premodern plagues, did Christian leaders act this way? The simple answer to both questions is no, yet we have churches closed during Holy Week. I cannot think of a better symbolic representation of the destruction of Christianity in the West. Such is the success of Antonio Gramsci.

Who is Antonio Gramsci? He was an Italian Marxist (more accurately, an Italian communist), writing on political theory, sociology, and linguistics. His work focused on the role that culture and tradition play in preventing communism from spreading through the West.

Gramsci was born in 1891 and died in 1937, the middle of seven children. Hunchbacked, either due to a malformed spine from birth or a childhood accident; it is not clear. One of the stories has him falling from the arms of a servant down a steep flight of stairs. Though his family gave him up for dead, his aunt anointed his feet with oil from a lamp dedicated to the Madonna. Ironic.

Continuously sickly, until the age of fourteen a coffin for him was kept at the ready in his bedroom. His father was thrown in prison for political cause and his mother, somehow, kept the family alive.

Prior to leaving Sardinia for Turin and university, he was a nationalistSardinia for the Sardinians. Upon arriving in Turin, he came upon the automotive factories of Fiat. It was here that he found the class struggle: workers and bosses.

World War I made this clear: half a million Italian peasants died, while the profits of industrialists rose. He left university and began writing. He founded a newspaper: LOrdine nuovo, The New Order, with its first issue delivered on May Day 1919. He was a founder and leader of the Communist Party of Italy, and a member of Parliament.

With parliamentary immunity suspended by Mussolini, he was sent to prison. Several years later, a prisoner exchange was proposed by the Vatican: send Gramsci to Moscow in exchange for a group of priests imprisoned in the Soviet Union. (Mussolini put a stop to these negotiations in early 1933.)

It was during his time in prison that he wrote his famous Prison Notebooks, describing the contents as Everything that Concerns People. It comprised over twenty-eight hundred handwritten pages. Twenty-one of the notebooks bear the stamp of prison authorities. Given the risk of censorship, he used bland terms in place of traditional Marxist terminology.

Though completed by 1935, these were only published in the years 194851, and not in English until the 1970s. By 1957, nearly four hundred thousand copies had been sold.

Suffering from various heart, respiratory, and digestive diseases, he was eventually transferred to a prison hospital facility. On April 25, 1937the same day that he received news that he would be releasedhe suffered a cerebral hemorrhage and died two days later.

Through his notebooks, he introduced several ideas in Marxist theory, critical theory, and educational theory. Most important was the idea of cultural hegemony, which was the unifying idea of Gramscis work from 1917 until he died.

Cultural hegemony: Why hadnt the Marxist revolution swept the West by the early twentieth century? Gramsci suggested that capitalists did not maintain control simply coercivelyas Marx would describe itbut also ideologically. The values of the bourgeoisie were the common values of all. These values helped to maintain the status quo and limited any possibility of revolution.

While Lenin felt culture was ancillary to political objectives (as do many libertarians), Gramsci saw culture as the key. The working class would need to develop a culture of its own, separate and distinct from the common values of the larger society. Control their beliefs and you control the people. This was only possible if the hegemony of the ruling class was in crisis.

John Cammett expands on this point. Hegemony is described as an order diffused throughout society in all institutional and private manifestations. All tastes, morality, customs, including religious and political principles, are infused with its spirit. This tone is set from the topone class or group over other classes. From Cammett:

The fundamental assumption behind Gramscis view of hegemony is that the working class, before it seizes State power, must establish its claim to be a ruling class in the political, cultural, and ethical fields.

There are three phases to the revolution in this regard: first, take claim to be the ruling class in culture; second, seize State power; third, transform completely the economic base. You can decide how far along we are in this path.

A second important idea was Gramscis focus on intellectuals. Gramsci believed that the working class would have to develop their own intellectuals, with values that were critical of the status quo. This would require the takeover of the educational establishment and institutions. These intellectuals, through the educational establishment and the state, had almost free reign to push forward the revolutionary idea.

Gramscis idea of intellectuals is much broader than academicians and the like. From the book Gramscis Politics, by Anne Sassoon, Gramsci identifies two groups of these intellectuals: organic intellectuals, coming from the working class, and traditional intellectualsthe clergy, philosophers, academicians. This latter group presents a false air of continuity from their predecessors. Today I would include thought leaders from entertainment, sports, business, and politics in one or the other of these two groups.

Gramsci is, perhaps, the foundational theorist for what we now call cultural Marxism. When it comes to the importance of the culture and the value of mass media in influencing the political and economic system of a country and economy, Gramscis work spurred the growth of an entire movement in the field of cultural studies.

Gary North describes Gramsci as the most important anti-Marxist theorist ever to come out of the Marxist movement. He was anti-Marxist, because, unlike Marx, he did not place the mode of production at the center of social development. Paul Piccone furthers this point: Gramscis vision contradicted official Marxist-Leninist ideology, providing an ethical and subjective dimension superior to the formers materialism.

According to Angelo Codevilla, Gramsci even had scorn for Marxisms focus on economic factors: stuff like that is for common folks. It was a little formula for half-baked intellectuals. Economic relations were just one part of social reality; the chief parts were intellectual and moral.

Many libertarians, like Marx, are equally focused on the mode of production as the key to liberty, but on the other side of the coin. They are focused on economic freedom as the means to deliver liberty for all, and, like Marx, they virtually ignore or even despise any cultural aspects. Gramsci knew better, andas should be obvious by the comparison I am drawinghe offers a lesson for libertarians who believe that broader cultural questions beyond the nonaggression principle are irrelevant for liberty.

Continuing with North:

Gramsci argued, and the Frankfurt School followed his lead, that the way for Marxists to transform the West was through cultural revolution: the idea of cultural relativism. The argument was correct, but the argument was not Marxist. The argument was Hegelian.

The Frankfurt school further developed the concept of critical theory. Critical theory teaches one to be critical of every prevailing norm, attitude, and cultural attribute in society; the purpose is to challenge power structures and hierarchies. Spelling out precisely the discourse of tolerance that we are faced with today, Herbert Marcuse of the Frankfurt school would write:

the realization of the objective of tolerance would call for intolerance toward prevailing policies, attitudes, (and) opinions, and the extension of tolerance to policies, attitudes, and opinions which are outlawed or suppressed.

Violent revolution was not the answer. From Malachi Martin:

While firmly committed to global Communism, (Gramsci) knew that violence would fail to win the West. American workers would never declare war on their middle-class neighbors as long as they shared common Christian values.

Martin continues:

The main weapons would be deception, manipulation and infiltration. Hiding their Marxist ideology, the new Communist warriors would seek positions of influence in seminaries, government, communities, and the media.

Gramsci agreed with Lenin that there was an inner force in man, driving him to the Workers Paradise, but he felt that the assumptions underlying this Marxian view were too basic and gratuitous. Yes, the great mass of the worlds population was made up of workers, but this was insufficient, as Martin would note:

What became clear to (Gramsci), however, was that nowhereand especially not in Christian Europedid the workers of the world see themselves as separated from the ruling classes by an ideological chasm.

These workers would not rise up against their coreligionists, those with whom they shared culture, custom, and tradition. They would certainly not offer a violent overthrow as long as these traditions were held in common. Again, citing Martin:

Because no matter how oppressed they might be, the structure of the working classes was defined not by their misery or their oppression but by their Christian faith and their Christian culture.

Gramsci found the logic of Marx as it found its home in Lenin to be futile and contradictory. Was it any wonder that the only state in which Marxism took hold was the state which held it together by force and terror? Without changing that formula, Marxism would have no future.

A common culture, grounded in Christianity, would always stand in the way, requiring ever increasing terroror requiring a different path. Gramscis path. Murray Rothbard noted the Gramscian long march through our institutions in 1992, writing so colorfully: Yes, yes, you rotten hypocritical liberals, its a culture war!

Angelo Codevilla writes that there would be no need for brute forceat least not on the front end, again, contrary to the general Marxist view. Transform the enemy into the soldier you need; he will then do the rest. Gramscis method would be more Machiavellian than Marxist; in the place of the Prince, it would be the party.

This method would eliminate the very possibility of a cultural resistance to the communists progressivism. There would be no cultural force standing in its way. As Gramsci believed human nature is not fixed and immutable, it would be the modern Machiavellian princes job to change human nature.

Destroy the old laws, the accustomed ways of living; inculcate new ways of thinking and speakingin essence, introduce an entirely new language. Language is the key to the mastery of consciousness. Language can achieve what force never could. Reform the morals; reform the intellect. In this way, people who would otherwise never spend a minute on such things would become the most rabid soldiers.

A blunt-force hammer would not work. Ranting about a revolution or a dictatorship of the proletariat would only make enemies of the working class. The educational system was the key. Gramscis path to revolution would take much longer than that proposed by Marx or Lenin, but it would be much more thorough and successful.

In the meantime, use their rules against them: the democratic process, lobbying and voting, full parliamentary participation. Behave just like the Western democratsaccept all political parties, forge alliances where convenient. Unlike the majority of Marxists, Gramsci would make common cause with all leftistscommunist and noncommunist alike; every group with a bone to pick with tradition and Christian culture was an ally. Knowingly or unknowingly, they would assist in the communist cause. Martin writes:

Marxists must join with women, with the poor, with those who find certain civil laws oppressive. They must adopt different tactics for different cultures and subcultures. They must never show an inappropriate face. And, in this manner, they must enter into every civil, cultural and political activity in every nation, patiently leavening them all as thoroughly as yeast leavens bread.

Regarding these alliances, Fr. James Thornton adds:

In Gramscis time these included, among others, various anti-fascist organizations, trade unions, and socialist political groups. In our time, alliances with the Left would include radical feminists, extremist environmentalists, civil rights movements, anti-police associations, internationalists, ultra-liberal church groups, and so forth. These organizations, along with open Communists, together create a united front working for the transformation of the old Christian culture.

The method would be described as seduction, as opposed to the rape advised by Marx and committed by Lenin and Stalin. This would subvert Western culture; it would redefine itself without the need for picking fights with it.

Gramsci was writing in the interwar years. Christianity was an already weakened foe: the Enlightenment divorced God from both the individual and reason. Nietzsche announced the death of God in the latter part of the nineteenth century. World War I was the crushing blow, leaving Christian Europe reeling. Gramsci spotted a wounded enemy, and he knew that this is where the fatal blow to the West must be struck.

Whatever was left of the Christian mind must be changed. Every individual, every group in every class, must think about lifes problems without reference to God and Gods laws. No Christian transcendence; at minimum, antipathy, and even positive opposition to any introduction of Christian ideals. These could not possibly be allowed in the conversation regarding the treatment and solution to the problems of modern life.

I could say the same things about many libertarians. Yet, who do you believe has a better understanding of human nature, of the direction where such a path leads: Antonio Gramsci or any libertarian who views the broader culture as ancillary or even irrelevant to liberty? The Christian culture is being destroyed; this we know. Who has been more successful given this path of removing Christianity? Is libertydefined as rights in life and propertyblossoming in the wreckage of its wake, or is it the other thing? To ask the question is to answer it. Martin continues:

All the meaning of human life and the answer to every human hope were contained within the boundaries of the visible, tangible, material world of the here and now.

With this material view offering the limits of our meaning, is it merely coincidence that the West is at the same time going through a crisis of meaning? We have no idea who we are, where we come from, or where we are going. Given that we are told to believe that we are nothing but the result of random atoms smashing together randomly, why would we?

Another utopia, requiring yet another new man. The perfectibility of man was now mans responsibility, not Gods. We have a war on cancer, a war on drugs, a war on poverty, a war on terror, a war on a virus. We must eliminate bigotry, racism, prejudice. We must embrace diversity: we are all different. In the same head and at the same time we must embrace equality: we are all the same.

Academic institutions were already well on their way. Proud of their position as vanguards of forward-looking thinking, these new Marxist interpretations of history, law, and religion were like red meat to a hungry lion. Throw in easy-to-get student loans, extend the college experience to all, and add a couple million newly indoctrinated crusaders every year to the cause.

Secularization in Catholic and Protestant churches would aid and accelerate this reform. Everything is material; nothing is transcendent. In case this wasnt obvious to us before, what could be more secular than Christian churches closing during Holy Weekthe week that gives meaning to the entirety of Christianity? How pathetic we must appear to Christians from centuries past, who comforted the sick during real pandemics.

Speak of mans dignity and mans rights. Speak of these without reference to the Christian transcendence that underpins these; in fact, speak of the Christian transcendence as standing in the way of these.

Tim Cook of Apple gave a speech that was precisely along these lines: mans dignity and rights. While finding a way to mention Muslims and Jews, he made no mention of Christianity. As Jonathan Pageau offers, what Cook is describing is a totalizing system, a system that includes everythingexcept Christianity.

From Cooks speech, there are only two values that matter: total inclusivity, and dont oppose the system. Total inclusivity means no borders: not physicalwhether state or private propertynot mental, not emotional. Not even of your body. If you dont embrace total inclusivity, by definition you are opposing the system; therefore you are to be excluded. This was Gramscis messageand it is Cooks.

Consider all of the systems of belief and thought that find common cause with Gramscis grand strategy: secular humanism, materialism, progressivism, the new atheists, various new age religions, critical theory, postmodernism, even those libertarian strands that find an enemy in Christianity and in traditional norms.

Jeff Deist describes such libertarians, who believe that

liberty will work when humans finally shed their stubborn old ideas about family and tribe, become purely rational freethinkers, reject the mythology of religion and faith, and give up their outdated ethnic or nationalist or cultural alliances for the new hyper-individualist creed. We need people to drop their old-fashioned sexual hang-ups and bourgeois values, except for materialism.

I will ask you to read this quote again, but just replace the first word, liberty, with the word communism. The sentence works perfectly for Gramsci. This hyper-individualist that many libertarians have in view was precisely the type of individual Gramsci desired for his project. From Piccone:

Gramsci considered the constitution of individuality resulting from the revolutionary process to be an irreversible development preventing any subsequent disintegration. For Gramsci, the fully individualized ego is not the starting point of sociopolitical revolution, but the result.

Hans Hoppe also offers that libertarianism is logically consistent with almost any attitude toward culture and religion. He writes:

logically one can beand indeed most libertarians in fact are: hedonists, libertines, immoralists, militant enemies of religion in general and Christianity in particularand still be consistent adherents of libertarian politics.

Hoppe says libertarians can be this way in theory, but liberty will not be the result:

You cannot be a consistent left-libertarian, because the left-libertarian doctrine, even if unintended, promotes Statist, i.e., un-libertarian, ends.

Gramsci understood exactly that which Deist and Hoppe describe. Gramsci believed that the destruction of these traditional values would lead to communism; many libertarians believe that destruction of these same values will lead to liberty. Who do you think knows better?

Murray Rothbard would add:

Contemporary libertarians often assume, mistakenly, that individuals are bound to each other only by the nexus of market exchange. They forget that everyone is necessarily born into a family, a language, and a culture.usually including an ethnic group, with specific values, cultures, religious beliefs, and traditions.

Rothbard offers that Gramscis hyperindividual is not a human being; yet hyperindividualism is the view of many contemporary libertarians. Hoppe summarizes, regarding what are known as left-libertarian positions, from his book Democracy: The God That Failed:

The views held by left-libertarians in this regard are not entirely uniform, but they typically differ little from those promoted by cultural Marxists.

In other words, the cultural views of libertarians such as these cannot be differentiated from Gramscis. This is not to say that these libertarians have communism in their sights. Yet look around us today: Is freedom advancing or retreating? We are sitting at a time when the evidence could not be more clear.

We live in a narrative. The West had a narrative. There will always be a narrative. Destroying the traditional narrative will not leave a void; a new narrative will take hold. We see it on the street: kneeling, the washing of feet, sitting with arms raised to heaven, the sainting of a Minneapolis martyr.

Once we lose our story, our narrative, our tradition, we are lost. We are easily manipulated, not having any foundation of meaning. With no foundation, we blow freely in the direction of the new, loudest narrative.

Narratives are always exclusionaryand if you dont embrace the total inclusivity of this new narrative, you will be excluded. Christianity teaches one way of handling those who are excluded, those on the margins: love. This new narrative teaches another, and it does not bode well for libertyor life. Returning to Gramsci, from Martin:

Total materialism was freely, peacefully and agreeably adopted everywhere in the name of mans dignity and rightsautonomy and freedom from outside constraints. Above all, as Gramsci had planned, this was done in the name of freedom from the laws and constraints of Christianity.

Create the autonomous, completely sovereign individual, freed from all hierarchies and freed from all responsibilities. Martin continues:

By just that process, authored by Antonio Gramscihas Western culture deprived itself of its lifeblood.

There is only one way to fight this battlean embrace of objective values in ethics. Murray Rothbard knew it. He would write:

What I have been trying to say is that Misess utilitarian, relativist approach to ethics is not nearly enough to establish a full case for liberty. It must be supplemented by an absolutist ethican ethic of liberty, as well as of other values needed for the health and development of the individualgrounded on natural law, i.e., discovery of the laws of mans nature.

Natural law. Ethics beyond the nonaggression principle. I seem to recall hearing something about this earlier this week. An idea flowing from Plato, Aristotle, Thomas Aquinas, C.S. Lewis, and Murray Rothbardamong many others. Available for all to discoverChristian and non-Christian alikethrough right reason.

It strikes me that the true political divide in society today is not based on the stereotypical left and right or liberal and conservative labels, or even libertarian and statist, but based on where one sits regarding natural law and objective ethics.

Rothbard takes this idea of natural law and objective ethics quite seriously:

See the original post:

Antonio Gramsci: The Best Political Strategist in Historical past - The Shepherd of the Hills Gazette

Those who claim wearing masks to be un-American haven’t thought through the problem – KRWG

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Commentary: A fundamental assumption underlying libertarianism is the persons sovereignty over their own physical bodies. This idea is the foundation of the right to private property, which is ownership over the product of ones physical body.

Personal sovereignty also provides the fundamental logic to the adage, Your right to swing your fist ends at the tip of my nose, or to rephase in a way more relevant to the time of COVID, Your right to spiel virus ends at my nasal cavity. For libertarians and libertarian fellow travelers, like me, these are always the hardest questions, how to reconcile conflicting rights. Where does the right to swing end and the nose begin? It is a hard question, not easily answered.

For those who simplistically state that it is their American right not to wear a mask, they are wrong because the right they claim conflicts with others right to go into public without being coated in virus laden spital. Among the fundamental functions of government according to libertarians is the adjudication of conflicting rights. For government to decide that the balance falls on requiring masks in public is not in conflict with basic American liberties. For government to decide the opposite also is not conflict. Balancing competing rights is a basic element of politics.

One idea would be to abandon a pure libertarian approach to bring in utilitarian considerations. Utilitarianism is the school of thoughts that argues for the application of cost benefit analysis in determining the best policy to pursue.

In the case of masks, the utilitarian would compare the cost or harm imposed on the wearer to the benefit accruing to others. For example, one economic study found that mandatory mask laws reduced transmission rates by 10%, which would have reduced cumulative deaths in the United States by 40% through the end of May, about 40,000 lives.

The EPA uses $7.4 million as the value of a statistical life, meaning saving one life on average is expected to add $7.4 million in economic output. If wearing masks saves 40,000 lives, that translates into an expected savings of $296 billion. A disposable face mask costs about 40-cents, so giving every American one mask a day for 90 days costs about $12 billion. The net monetary benefit from wearing masks is about $284 billion, or $811 per person for the three months ending May 31.

Of course, the above calculation does not take account of human suffering. The suffering of the millions who have contracted COVID, as well as the suffering of their loved ones, must be weighed against the discomfort felt by reluctant mask wearers. I think it obvious were the balance falls.

That is not to say that reluctant mask wearers dont have a point. They are being asked to sacrifice their comfort and incur what they perceive to be an indignity for the benefit of others. This when the science, while becoming more certain, is still evolving.

Here Libertarian ideals can come to the rescue. The solution is to compensate mask wearers for giving up their property right, which is the joy of going maskless. Exactly how this would be done isnt completely clear, maybe with a tax write-off. A simpler and more effective payment might well be to say thank you to those around you wearing a mask, for their considerate behavior and kind concern for their follow Las Crucens health.

Christopher A. Erickson, Ph.D., is a professor of economics at NMSU. He considers himself to be a commonsense libertarian, meaning that he defaults to libertarian solutions, except when those solutions dont work. The opinions expressed may not be shared by the regents and administration of NMSU. Chris can be reached at chrerick@nmsu.edu.

Continued here:

Those who claim wearing masks to be un-American haven't thought through the problem - KRWG

Aerostructure Equipment Industry Tremendous Growth and Shares 2019 to 2027, Noted Fact.MR – The Cloud Tribune

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Higher Shares to Be Acquired by Commercial Aircraft and Helicopters

As per the International Air Transport Association, number of passengers transported by airlines is expected to rise more than 6% within the next decade. This significant surge of air travelers would surely require the production of additional aircraft perpetually elevating the demand for aerostructure equipment. According to Boeing, an international designer and manufacturer of rotorcraft and airplanes, the passenger and freighter fleet is anticipated to expand from 21,000 to 40,000 aircraft with the inclusion of 37,000 new airplanes during the stated assessment period. With such firm development figures, it is predicted that the global aerostructure equipment market will experience improved statistics during the period between 2019 and 2027.

Expansion of Lightweight Materials Supported by Nanotechnology

It is imperative to know that apart from substantial economic values, the overall aerostructure equipment market associates huge resource consumption with one of the largest carbon footprint over the planet. As a result, the primary drivers persisting across the current aerostructure equipment research and development are focused towards the introduction of lighter structural materials together with efficient engines. Interestingly, potential nanomaterials and nano-engineering is surely strengthening the fulfilment of such goals. To be precise, various nanomaterials are already incorporated for supporting aircraft construction as filler materials that are aimed at enhancing the properties of structural polymers. Furthermore, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is receiving superior traction as fillers in polymers, especially due to its exceptional toughness and distinctive electrical properties. These developments are directly targeted towards the manufacturing of lightweight and durable aerostructure materials that is expected to drive the global aerostructure equipment market in the coming years.

Passenger Mobility across Asia Pacific Set to Heighten Market Development

Going by the records collected by the International Air Transport Association (IATA), there were close to 4.1 billion air travelers in 2017, where majority of the traffic was centered in the Asia Pacific region. Air travel is experiencing a major swell up, since people are migrating for better economic prospects; these factors are impacting the global aerostructure equipment market in a positive manner.

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The report also discourses contribution by major players operating in the global market for aerostructure equipment. Some of the prime manufacturers mentioned in the report are KUKA Systems GmbH, Broetje-Automation GmbH, Electroimpact, Inc., MTorres Diseos Industriales, Gemcor (Ascent Aerospace), REEL, SENER and a lot more.

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Aerostructure Equipment Industry Tremendous Growth and Shares 2019 to 2027, Noted Fact.MR - The Cloud Tribune

Nano Gas Sensor Market which company is the market leader and how much its sales in 2020 and what it’s expected sales for the next 5 years | Raytheon…

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Los Angeles, United State: The report is a compilation of comprehensive research studies on various aspects of the global Nano Gas Sensor Market. With accurate data and highly authentic information, it makes a brilliant attempt to provide a real, transparent picture of current and future situations of the global Nano Gas Sensor market. Market participants can use this powerful tool when creating effective business plans or making important changes to their strategies. The report discusses about the growth of the global as well as regional markets. It also brings to light high-growth segments of the global Nano Gas Sensor market and how they will progress in the coming years.

The authors of report have analyzed the vendor landscape in great detail with special focus on leading players of the global Nano Gas Sensor market. The report answers critical questions of players and provides deep assessment of production, consumption, manufacturing, sales, and other vital factors. Importantly, it analyzes crucial market dynamics, including drivers, restraints, trends, and opportunities. With the help of the report, players can easily identify untapped opportunities available in the global Nano Gas Sensor market. Moreover, they will be able to gain crucial insights not only into the growth of the global Nano Gas Sensor market but also its product, application, and regional segments.

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Are you looking for thorough analysis of the competition in the global Nano Gas Sensor market? Well, this report offers just the right analysis you are looking for. Furthermore, you can ask for a customization of the report based on your requirements. The authors of the report are subject matter experts and hold strong knowledge and experience in market research. In the competitive analysis section, the report throws light on key strategies, future development plans, product portfolios, and other aspects of the business of top players. The report provides enough information and data to help readers to gain sound understanding of the vendor landscape.

Key Players Mentioned in the Global Nano Gas Sensor Market Research Report: Raytheon Company, Ball Aerospace and Technologies, Thales Group, Lockheed Martin Corporation, Environmental Sensors, Emerson, Siemens, Endress Hauser, Falcon Analytical, Agilent Technologies

Global Nano Gas Sensor Market by Type:Semiconductor Keyword, Electrochemistry Keyword, Photochemistry (IR Etc) Keyword, Other

Global Nano Gas Sensor Market by Application: Electricity Generation, Automobiles, Petrochemical, Aerospace & Defense, Medical, Biochemical Engineering, Other

The researchers authoring this report have segmented the global Nano Gas Sensor market according to type of product and application. Each segment included in the report is analyzed based on various factors such as market share, CAGR, market size, demand, and future growth potential. The segmental study provided in the report will help players to focus on key growth areas of the global Nano Gas Sensor market. The analysts have also focused on regional analysis of the global Nano Gas Sensor market. Here, growth opportunities in key regions and countries have been explored by the analysts.

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Table Content

1 Nano Gas Sensor Market Overview1.1 Product Overview and Scope of Nano Gas Sensor1.2 Nano Gas Sensor Segment by Type1.2.1 Global Nano Gas Sensor Production Growth Rate Comparison by Type 2020 VS 20261.2.2 Semiconductor Nano Gas Sensor1.2.3 Electrochemistry Nano Gas Sensor1.2.4 Photochemistry (IR Etc) Nano Gas Sensor1.2.5 Other1.3 Nano Gas Sensor Segment by Application1.3.1 Nano Gas Sensor Consumption Comparison by Application: 2020 VS 20261.3.2 Electricity Generation1.3.3 Automobiles1.3.4 Petrochemical1.3.5 Aerospace & Defense1.3.6 Medical1.3.7 Biochemical Engineering1.3.8 Other1.4 Global Nano Gas Sensor Market by Region1.4.1 Global Nano Gas Sensor Market Size Estimates and Forecasts by Region: 2020 VS 20261.4.2 North America Estimates and Forecasts (2015-2026)1.4.3 Europe Estimates and Forecasts (2015-2026)1.4.4 China Estimates and Forecasts (2015-2026)1.4.5 Japan Estimates and Forecasts (2015-2026)1.4.6 South Korea Estimates and Forecasts (2015-2026)1.5 Global Nano Gas Sensor Growth Prospects1.5.1 Global Nano Gas Sensor Revenue Estimates and Forecasts (2015-2026)1.5.2 Global Nano Gas Sensor Production Capacity Estimates and Forecasts (2015-2026)1.5.3 Global Nano Gas Sensor Production Estimates and Forecasts (2015-2026)1.6 Nano Gas Sensor Industry1.7 Nano Gas Sensor Market Trends 2 Market Competition by Manufacturers2.1 Global Nano Gas Sensor Production Capacity Market Share by Manufacturers (2015-2020)2.2 Global Nano Gas Sensor Revenue Share by Manufacturers (2015-2020)2.3 Market Share by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3)2.4 Global Nano Gas Sensor Average Price by Manufacturers (2015-2020)2.5 Manufacturers Nano Gas Sensor Production Sites, Area Served, Product Types2.6 Nano Gas Sensor Market Competitive Situation and Trends2.6.1 Nano Gas Sensor Market Concentration Rate2.6.2 Global Top 3 and Top 5 Players Market Share by Revenue2.6.3 Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion 3 Production and Capacity by Region3.1 Global Production Capacity of Nano Gas Sensor Market Share by Regions (2015-2020)3.2 Global Nano Gas Sensor Revenue Market Share by Regions (2015-2020)3.3 Global Nano Gas Sensor Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)3.4 North America Nano Gas Sensor Production3.4.1 North America Nano Gas Sensor Production Growth Rate (2015-2020)3.4.2 North America Nano Gas Sensor Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)3.5 Europe Nano Gas Sensor Production3.5.1 Europe Nano Gas Sensor Production Growth Rate (2015-2020)3.5.2 Europe Nano Gas Sensor Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)3.6 China Nano Gas Sensor Production3.6.1 China Nano Gas Sensor Production Growth Rate (2015-2020)3.6.2 China Nano Gas Sensor Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)3.7 Japan Nano Gas Sensor Production3.7.1 Japan Nano Gas Sensor Production Growth Rate (2015-2020)3.7.2 Japan Nano Gas Sensor Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)3.8 South Korea Nano Gas Sensor Production3.8.1 South Korea Nano Gas Sensor Production Growth Rate (2015-2020)3.8.2 South Korea Nano Gas Sensor Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020) 4 Global Nano Gas Sensor Consumption by Regions4.1 Global Nano Gas Sensor Consumption by Regions4.1.1 Global Nano Gas Sensor Consumption by Region4.1.2 Global Nano Gas Sensor Consumption Market Share by Region4.2 North America4.2.1 North America Nano Gas Sensor Consumption by Countries4.2.2 U.S.4.2.3 Canada4.3 Europe4.3.1 Europe Nano Gas Sensor Consumption by Countries4.3.2 Germany4.3.3 France4.3.4 U.K.4.3.5 Italy4.3.6 Russia4.4 Asia Pacific4.4.1 Asia Pacific Nano Gas Sensor Consumption by Region4.4.2 China4.4.3 Japan4.4.4 South Korea4.4.5 Taiwan4.4.6 Southeast Asia4.4.7 India4.4.8 Australia4.5 Latin America4.5.1 Latin America Nano Gas Sensor Consumption by Countries4.5.2 Mexico4.5.3 Brazil 5 Nano Gas Sensor Production, Revenue, Price Trend by Type5.1 Global Nano Gas Sensor Production Market Share by Type (2015-2020)5.2 Global Nano Gas Sensor Revenue Market Share by Type (2015-2020)5.3 Global Nano Gas Sensor Price by Type (2015-2020)5.4 Global Nano Gas Sensor Market Share by Price Tier (2015-2020): Low-End, Mid-Range and High-End 6 Global Nano Gas Sensor Market Analysis by Application6.1 Global Nano Gas Sensor Consumption Market Share by Application (2015-2020)6.2 Global Nano Gas Sensor Consumption Growth Rate by Application (2015-2020) 7 Company Profiles and Key Figures in Nano Gas Sensor Business7.1 Raytheon Company7.1.1 Raytheon Company Nano Gas Sensor Production Sites and Area Served7.1.2 Raytheon Company Nano Gas Sensor Product Introduction, Application and Specification7.1.3 Raytheon Company Nano Gas Sensor Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)7.1.4 Raytheon Company Main Business and Markets Served7.2 Ball Aerospace and Technologies7.2.1 Ball Aerospace and Technologies Nano Gas Sensor Production Sites and Area Served7.2.2 Ball Aerospace and Technologies Nano Gas Sensor Product Introduction, Application and Specification7.2.3 Ball Aerospace and Technologies Nano Gas Sensor Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)7.2.4 Ball Aerospace and Technologies Main Business and Markets Served7.3 Thales Group7.3.1 Thales Group Nano Gas Sensor Production Sites and Area Served7.3.2 Thales Group Nano Gas Sensor Product Introduction, Application and Specification7.3.3 Thales Group Nano Gas Sensor Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)7.3.4 Thales Group Main Business and Markets Served7.4 Lockheed Martin Corporation7.4.1 Lockheed Martin Corporation Nano Gas Sensor Production Sites and Area Served7.4.2 Lockheed Martin Corporation Nano Gas Sensor Product Introduction, Application and Specification7.4.3 Lockheed Martin Corporation Nano Gas Sensor Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)7.4.4 Lockheed Martin Corporation Main Business and Markets Served7.5 Environmental Sensors7.5.1 Environmental Sensors Nano Gas Sensor Production Sites and Area Served7.5.2 Environmental Sensors Nano Gas Sensor Product Introduction, Application and Specification7.5.3 Environmental Sensors Nano Gas Sensor Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)7.5.4 Environmental Sensors Main Business and Markets Served7.6 Emerson7.6.1 Emerson Nano Gas Sensor Production Sites and Area Served7.6.2 Emerson Nano Gas Sensor Product Introduction, Application and Specification7.6.3 Emerson Nano Gas Sensor Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)7.6.4 Emerson Main Business and Markets Served7.7 Siemens7.7.1 Siemens Nano Gas Sensor Production Sites and Area Served7.7.2 Siemens Nano Gas Sensor Product Introduction, Application and Specification7.7.3 Siemens Nano Gas Sensor Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)7.7.4 Siemens Main Business and Markets Served7.8 Endress Hauser7.8.1 Endress Hauser Nano Gas Sensor Production Sites and Area Served7.8.2 Endress Hauser Nano Gas Sensor Product Introduction, Application and Specification7.8.3 Endress Hauser Nano Gas Sensor Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)7.8.4 Endress Hauser Main Business and Markets Served7.9 Falcon Analytical7.9.1 Falcon Analytical Nano Gas Sensor Production Sites and Area Served7.9.2 Falcon Analytical Nano Gas Sensor Product Introduction, Application and Specification7.9.3 Falcon Analytical Nano Gas Sensor Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)7.9.4 Falcon Analytical Main Business and Markets Served7.10 Agilent Technologies7.10.1 Agilent Technologies Nano Gas Sensor Production Sites and Area Served7.10.2 Agilent Technologies Nano Gas Sensor Product Introduction, Application and Specification7.10.3 Agilent Technologies Nano Gas Sensor Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)7.10.4 Agilent Technologies Main Business and Markets Served 8 Nano Gas Sensor Manufacturing Cost Analysis8.1 Nano Gas Sensor Key Raw Materials Analysis8.1.1 Key Raw Materials8.1.2 Key Raw Materials Price Trend8.1.3 Key Suppliers of Raw Materials8.2 Proportion of Manufacturing Cost Structure8.3 Manufacturing Process Analysis of Nano Gas Sensor8.4 Nano Gas Sensor Industrial Chain Analysis 9 Marketing Channel, Distributors and Customers9.1 Marketing Channel9.2 Nano Gas Sensor Distributors List9.3 Nano Gas Sensor Customers 10 Market Dynamics10.1 Market Trends10.2 Opportunities and Drivers10.3 Challenges10.4 Porters Five Forces Analysis 11 Production and Supply Forecast11.1 Global Forecasted Production of Nano Gas Sensor (2021-2026)11.2 Global Forecasted Revenue of Nano Gas Sensor (2021-2026)11.3 Global Forecasted Price of Nano Gas Sensor (2021-2026)11.4 Global Nano Gas Sensor Production Forecast by Regions (2021-2026)11.4.1 North America Nano Gas Sensor Production, Revenue Forecast (2021-2026)11.4.2 Europe Nano Gas Sensor Production, Revenue Forecast (2021-2026)11.4.3 China Nano Gas Sensor Production, Revenue Forecast (2021-2026)11.4.4 Japan Nano Gas Sensor Production, Revenue Forecast (2021-2026)11.4.5 South Korea Nano Gas Sensor Production, Revenue Forecast (2021-2026) 12 Consumption and Demand Forecast12.1 Global Forecasted and Consumption Demand Analysis of Nano Gas Sensor12.2 North America Forecasted Consumption of Nano Gas Sensor by Country12.3 Europe Market Forecasted Consumption of Nano Gas Sensor by Country12.4 Asia Pacific Market Forecasted Consumption of Nano Gas Sensor by Regions12.5 Latin America Forecasted Consumption of Nano Gas Sensor 13 Forecast by Type and by Application (2021-2026)13.1 Global Production, Revenue and Price Forecast by Type (2021-2026)13.1.1 Global Forecasted Production of Nano Gas Sensor by Type (2021-2026)13.1.2 Global Forecasted Revenue of Nano Gas Sensor by Type (2021-2026)13.1.2 Global Forecasted Price of Nano Gas Sensor by Type (2021-2026)13.2 Global Forecasted Consumption of Nano Gas Sensor by Application (2021-2026) 14 Research Finding and Conclusion 15 Methodology and Data Source15.1 Methodology/Research Approach15.1.1 Research Programs/Design15.1.2 Market Size Estimation15.1.3 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation15.2 Data Source15.2.1 Secondary Sources15.2.2 Primary Sources15.3 Author List15.4 Disclaimer

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How Do CNTFETs Work, and Why Are They So Promising? – ENGINEERING.com

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The structure of a carbon nanotube field-effect transistor (CNTFET). (Source: Arvind R. Singh, Shandong University; Reference [1].)

New technologies require faster processors, smaller integrated circuits, and less power consumption. Technology advancements such as 5G networks increase the pressure to improve smartphone battery life, spectral efficiency, and more. One potential solution is the use of carbon nanotube field-effect transistors (CNTFETs).

A CNTFET is a nano-scaled device that can provide low-power integrated circuits with high performance and high power density. Instead of the bulk silicon material used in traditional metal-oxide semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs), CNTFETs use carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in between the source and the drain of a MOSFET structure. This enables higher current carrier mobility, enabling CNTFETs to provide a superior drive current density.

The first simple CNTFET, reported in 1998, was manufactured by depositing single-wall CNTs from solution onto oxidized silicon wafers. The CNTs were synthesized by laser ablation and Si wafers were prepatterned with gold or platinum electrodes. Over time, the process has improved. Previously, CNTs were laid down on the weak contacts of source and drain electrodes. Now, the improved process patterns the electrodes on top of previously laid CNTs.

The contact between metal and nanotubes can be improved by using gold, titanium and carbon with a thermal annealing step. The thermal processing leads to the formation of titanium carbide (TiC) at the metal/nanotube interface, significantly reducing the contact resistance from several megaohms to approximately 30k.

Previously, all CNTFETs were p-type (conducting positive charge carriers) because contact doping technology by the adsorption of oxygen from the atmosphere was not well understood. Later, n-type CNTFETs (conducting electrons) were developed by promoting electron conduction when CNTFETs were annealed in a vacuum. Atmospheric oxygen near the metal and nanotube contacts affects the local bending of the conduction and valence bands in the nanotube via charge transfer. The Fermi level is also near the valence band, which makes injection of holes easier. Oxygen desorption at high temperature adapts the Fermi level near the conduction band, allowing the injection of electrons. By using thermal annealing, there is no threshold voltage shift when making n-type from p-type (which is not the case during a bulk doping process).

A back gated n-type nanotube transistor can be achieved by doping the CNT with potassium vapor (see below). The process can shift the Fermi level of the tube from the valence band edge to the conduction band edge by transferring the electrons from adsorbed potassium atoms to the nanotube, thus reverting the doping from p- to n-type. An intermediate state where both electrons and holes are allowed can also be achieved, resulting in ambipolar conduction and the creation of ambipolar CNTFETs.

Schematic diagram of the potassium doping setup.

The capability to make n-type CNTFETs is important because it enables the manufacturing of CNT-based complementary logic circuits.

Like MOSFETs, CNTFETs have three terminals: source, gate and drain. When the gate is on, the current transmits from the source to the drain through a semiconducting carbon nanotube channel. The segment between the drain/source and the gate is heavily doped to provide low resistance. CNTFETs have very promising I-V and transfer characteristics.

The main features of CNTFETs include:

CNTFETs can be classified according to different criteria. When classified by current injection methods, there are two CNTFET types: Schottky barrier CNTFETs (SB-CNTFETs) that use metallic electrodes to form Schottky contacts, and CNTFETs with doped CNT electrodes that form Ohmic contacts (similar to the MOSFET design). The contact type determines the current transport mechanism and CNTFET output characteristics. In SB-CNTFETs, the current means tunneling of electrons and holes from the potential barriers at the source and drain junctions. The barrier width is controlled by the gate voltage, which thus controls the current.

The Ohmic contact CNTFET type uses the n-doped CNT as the contact. The doped source and drain regions behave just like MOSFETs. The potential barrier is formed at the middle of the channel, and the current is controlled via modulation of the barrier height (controlling the gate voltage).

CNTFETs can be fabricated as a single-wall CNT (SWCNT) channel between two electrodes, a multi-wall CNT (MWCNT), or a coaxial CNTFET. MWCNT CNTFETs have a complex structure, which limits their potential. The shells can interact with each other. In addition, only the outer shell effectively contributes to electrical transport. In coaxial geometry, the gate contact wraps all around the channel (CNT), thus providing better electrostatics and very good control of carrier transport. Metal-CNT contact type plays a crucial role in the transistor output characteristics.

There are four typical CNTFET designs: back gate CNTFETs, top gate CNTFETs, wrap-around gate CNTFETs, and suspended CNTFETs.

Back gate CNTFETs are the earliest design that uses prepatterning parallel metal strips across a silicon dioxide substrate and SWCNT arranged on top. CNTs together with metal strips (one metal strip source contact and one drain contact) create a rudimentary field-effect transistor. The silicon oxide substrate presents the gate and includes a metal contact on the back. The metal electrodes are made of metals compatible with silicon, such as titanium (Ti) or cobalt (Co). Since the side-bonding configuration has the weak van der Waals coupling of the devices to the noble metal electrodes, this CNTFET type has high contact resistance (1 M).

Side view of a CNT arranged on a silicon oxide substrate prepatterned with source and drain contacts.

Top gate CNTFET design requires a more advanced fabrication process compared to the back gate design. SWCNTs are arranged onto a silicon oxide substrate. Each CNT is located and isolated by using an atomic force or scanning electron microscope. Then, high-resolution electron-beam lithography is used to pattern source and drain contacts. The lower contact resistance is achieved via a high temperature anneal step in which adhesion between the contacts and the CNT is improved. After this step, a thin top gate dielectric is deposited on top of the nanotube using evaporation or atomic layer deposition. The final step is placing the top gate contact on the gate dielectric.

The top gate CNFET with a P++ Si wafer substrate.

The main difference between the top and back gate designs is the fabrication process. In the case of the top gate design, the CNTFET arrays on the same wafer because the gate contacts are electrically isolated from each other. A higher electrical field with a lower gate voltage can be achieved in the top gate design due to the thin gate dielectric. Because of those features, top gate CNTFETs are preferred over the back gate design, despite their complex fabrication process.

Wrap-around gate CNTFETs (or gate-all-around CNTFETs) have an improved design over the top gate device. In this design, the entire nanotube volume is gated, while with the top gate design only the CNT closer to the metal gate contact is gated. This innovation improves the CNTFET electrical performance and reduces the leakage current.

Wrap-around gate CNTFET. (Source: Wikimedia user Popproject3.)

Suspended CNTFET design avoids placing the CNT over a trench, reducing contact with the substrate oxide and thus improving device performance. Fabrication methods to suspend the CNT over trenches use catalyst particles that are transferred onto a substrate.

The drawback of this design is its limited options for gate dielectric (air or vacuum). Moreover, only short CNTs can be used as nanotubes because the longer ones will stretch in the middle and could potentially touch the metal contact (creating a short-circuit). While this type of design is not suitable for commercial use, it is convenient for researching the intrinsic properties of a clean CNT.

CNTFETs are still a new technologyone with a lot of potential for improvement. Currently, the most popular designs are back gate and top gate CNTFETs. Some semiconductor companies (such as Infineon Technology) have introduced the next-generation design of vertical CNTFETs (VCNTFETs).

A vertical CNTFET. (Source: S. J. Wind et al; Reference [4].)

The current-voltage (I-V) characteristic curves represent a transistors operating characteristicsthe relationship between the current flowing through the device and the applied voltage across its terminals. The figure that follows illustrates the drain I-V characteristics of CNTFETs. The saturation current at gate-source voltage VGS = 0.5V is approximately 6A [2]. Saturation drain current from drain I-V characteristics depends on the temperature. Drain saturation currents slightly decrease when the CNTFET is cooled down. The curve is also determined by the CNTFET conductance, width, length, mobility of carriers, and gate capacitance.

Drain current-voltage characteristics of planar CNTFET. (Source: Ram Babu; Reference [2].)

When the gate and the source voltages of SB-CNTFETs increase, the Fermi level of the CNT becomes closer to the conduction band. The band lowering effect develops barriers at CNT-metal junction. The electrons with high potential will cross the barrier and flow into the tube. The current through the nanotube is limited by the thermionic current component.

When the gate voltage VGS=0V, the current increases linearly with the drain voltage VDS (the thermionic current is linearly dependent on the drain voltage). Applying positive gate voltage induces a heavy charge on the channel, significantly increasing the tunneling through the barrier compared to the thermionic current component. The current increases almost quadratically, is highly sensitive to the drain voltage, and is controlled by manipulating the barrier height at the contacts.

CNTFETs are up-and-coming devices that provide dense, high performance, and low power circuits. CNTFET is a rapidly developing technology due to its outstanding electrical characteristics. The large Ion: Ioff, high current drive, and carbon nanotubes other properties increase the possible applications of CNTFETs in the semiconductor industry. They are the most promising alternative for conventional transistors. It is expected that with the same power consumption, they will be three times faster than silicon-based transistors.

In comparison to traditional silicon technology creating structures with minimum diameters reaching 90nm, SWCNTs have diameters between 0.4 and 5nm. Semiconducting SWCNTs have extremely high charge-carrier mobilityhigher than silicon by a factor of 200. CNTs can withstand extremely high current densities of up to 1010A/cm2 (compared to the current density of copper, approximately 107A/cm2) [3].

Semiconducting carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are an ideal substitute for silicon due to their exceptional carrier mobility, significant mean free path, and improved electrostatics at nanoscales. As the one-dimensional transport properties increase the gate control, simultaneously fulfilling gate leakage constraints, they also allow for a more comprehensive gate insulator choice. Thus, CNTs can overcome the short channel effects, and the valence bands and symmetry of the conduction give these devices the upper hand for additional applications. When applied in CNTEFs, CNTs can assist in providing high-speed ballistic CNTFETs.

In theory, CNTFETs have the potential to reach the terahertz regime when compared to standard semiconductor technologies. Nevertheless, this field is still at an early stage, and for the time being, researchers should remain focused on lowering the process variation.

[1] Design and Analysis of CNTFET-Based SRAM. Arvind R. Singh. Shandong University.

[2] Carbon nanotubes field-effect transistors: A review. International Journal of Electronics and Communications, Busi, Ram Babu. (2010).

[3] https://www.infineon.com/cms/en/about-infineon/press/market-news/2004/128087.html

[4] Vertical scaling of carbon Nanotube Field-effect transistors using top gate electrodes. Applied Physics Letters. May 2002. S. J. Wind et al.

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Plasma Enhanced CVD Equipment Market Overview, Growth Opportunities, Industry Analysis, Size, Strategies and Forecast to 2026 | Applied Materials, ASM…

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Plasma Enhanced CVD Equipment Market

LOS ANGELES, United States: The report is an all-inclusive research study of the global Plasma Enhanced CVD Equipment market taking into account the growth factors, recent trends, developments, opportunities, and competitive landscape. The market analysts and researchers have done extensive analysis of the global Plasma Enhanced CVD Equipment market with the help of research methodologies such as PESTLE and Porters Five Forces analysis. They have provided accurate and reliable market data and useful recommendations with an aim to help the players gain an insight into the overall present and future market scenario. The Plasma Enhanced CVD Equipment report comprises in-depth study of the potential segments including product type, application, and end user and their contribution to the overall market size.

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In addition, market revenues based on region and country are provided in the Plasma Enhanced CVD Equipment report. The authors of the report have also shed light on the common business tactics adopted by players. The leading players of the global Plasma Enhanced CVD Equipment market and their complete profiles are included in the report. Besides that, investment opportunities, recommendations, and trends that are trending at present in the global Plasma Enhanced CVD Equipment market are mapped by the report. With the help of this report, the key players of the global Plasma Enhanced CVD Equipment market will be able to make sound decisions and plan their strategies accordingly to stay ahead of the curve.

Competitive landscape is a critical aspect every key player needs to be familiar with. The report throws light on the competitive scenario of the global Plasma Enhanced CVD Equipment market to know the competition at both the domestic and global levels. Market experts have also offered the outline of every leading player of the global Plasma Enhanced CVD Equipment market, considering the key aspects such as areas of operation, production, and product portfolio. Additionally, companies in the report are studied based on the key factors such as company size, market share, market growth, revenue, production volume, and profits.

Key Players Mentioned in the Global Plasma Enhanced CVD Equipment Market Research Report: Applied Materials, ASM International, Lam Research, Wonik IPS, Meyer Burger, Centrotherm, Tempress, Plasma-Therm, S.C New Energy Technology, Jusung Engineering, KLA-Tencor(Orbotech), ULVAC, Inc, Beijing NAURA, Shenyang Piotech, Oxford Instruments, SAMCO, CVD Equipment Corporation, Trion Technology, SENTECH Instruments, NANO-MASTER

Global Plasma Enhanced CVD Equipment Market Segmentation by Product: Parallel Plate Type PECVD Equipment, Tube Type PECVD Equipment

Global Plasma Enhanced CVD Equipment Market Segmentation by Application: Semiconductor Industry, Solar Industry, Other

The Plasma Enhanced CVD Equipment Market report has been segregated based on distinct categories, such as product type, application, end user, and region. Each and every segment is evaluated on the basis of CAGR, share, and growth potential. In the regional analysis, the report highlights the prospective region, which is estimated to generate opportunities in the global Plasma Enhanced CVD Equipment market in the forthcoming years. This segmental analysis will surely turn out to be a useful tool for the readers, stakeholders, and market participants to get a complete picture of the global Plasma Enhanced CVD Equipment market and its potential to grow in the years to come.

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Table of Contents:

1 Plasma Enhanced CVD Equipment Market Overview1.1 Product Overview and Scope of Plasma Enhanced CVD Equipment1.2 Plasma Enhanced CVD Equipment Segment by Type1.2.1 Global Plasma Enhanced CVD Equipment Production Growth Rate Comparison by Type 2020 VS 20261.2.2 Parallel Plate Type PECVD Equipment1.2.3 Tube Type PECVD Equipment1.3 Plasma Enhanced CVD Equipment Segment by Application1.3.1 Plasma Enhanced CVD Equipment Consumption Comparison by Application: 2020 VS 20261.3.2 Semiconductor Industry1.3.3 Solar Industry1.3.4 Other1.4 Global Plasma Enhanced CVD Equipment Market by Region1.4.1 Global Plasma Enhanced CVD Equipment Market Size Estimates and Forecasts by Region: 2020 VS 20261.4.2 North America Estimates and Forecasts (2015-2026)1.4.3 Europe Estimates and Forecasts (2015-2026)1.4.4 China Estimates and Forecasts (2015-2026)1.4.5 Japan Estimates and Forecasts (2015-2026)1.5 Global Plasma Enhanced CVD Equipment Growth Prospects1.5.1 Global Plasma Enhanced CVD Equipment Revenue Estimates and Forecasts (2015-2026)1.5.2 Global Plasma Enhanced CVD Equipment Production Capacity Estimates and Forecasts (2015-2026)1.5.3 Global Plasma Enhanced CVD Equipment Production Estimates and Forecasts (2015-2026)1.6 Plasma Enhanced CVD Equipment Industry1.7 Plasma Enhanced CVD Equipment Market Trends

2 Market Competition by Manufacturers2.1 Global Plasma Enhanced CVD Equipment Production Capacity Market Share by Manufacturers (2015-2020)2.2 Global Plasma Enhanced CVD Equipment Revenue Share by Manufacturers (2015-2020)2.3 Market Share by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3)2.4 Global Plasma Enhanced CVD Equipment Average Price by Manufacturers (2015-2020)2.5 Manufacturers Plasma Enhanced CVD Equipment Production Sites, Area Served, Product Types2.6 Plasma Enhanced CVD Equipment Market Competitive Situation and Trends2.6.1 Plasma Enhanced CVD Equipment Market Concentration Rate2.6.2 Global Top 3 and Top 5 Players Market Share by Revenue2.6.3 Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion

3 Production and Capacity by Region3.1 Global Production Capacity of Plasma Enhanced CVD Equipment Market Share by Regions (2015-2020)3.2 Global Plasma Enhanced CVD Equipment Revenue Market Share by Regions (2015-2020)3.3 Global Plasma Enhanced CVD Equipment Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)3.4 North America Plasma Enhanced CVD Equipment Production3.4.1 North America Plasma Enhanced CVD Equipment Production Growth Rate (2015-2020)3.4.2 North America Plasma Enhanced CVD Equipment Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)3.5 Europe Plasma Enhanced CVD Equipment Production3.5.1 Europe Plasma Enhanced CVD Equipment Production Growth Rate (2015-2020)3.5.2 Europe Plasma Enhanced CVD Equipment Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)3.6 China Plasma Enhanced CVD Equipment Production3.6.1 China Plasma Enhanced CVD Equipment Production Growth Rate (2015-2020)3.6.2 China Plasma Enhanced CVD Equipment Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)3.7 Japan Plasma Enhanced CVD Equipment Production3.7.1 Japan Plasma Enhanced CVD Equipment Production Growth Rate (2015-2020)3.7.2 Japan Plasma Enhanced CVD Equipment Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)

4 Global Plasma Enhanced CVD Equipment Consumption by Regions4.1 Global Plasma Enhanced CVD Equipment Consumption by Regions4.1.1 Global Plasma Enhanced CVD Equipment Consumption by Region4.1.2 Global Plasma Enhanced CVD Equipment Consumption Market Share by Region4.2 North America4.2.1 North America Plasma Enhanced CVD Equipment Consumption by Countries4.2.2 U.S.4.2.3 Canada4.3 Europe4.3.1 Europe Plasma Enhanced CVD Equipment Consumption by Countries4.3.2 Germany4.3.3 France4.3.4 U.K.4.3.5 Italy4.3.6 Russia4.4 Asia Pacific4.4.1 Asia Pacific Plasma Enhanced CVD Equipment Consumption by Region4.4.2 China4.4.3 Japan4.4.4 South Korea4.4.5 Taiwan4.4.6 Southeast Asia4.4.7 India4.4.8 Australia4.5 Latin America4.5.1 Latin America Plasma Enhanced CVD Equipment Consumption by Countries4.5.2 Mexico4.5.3 Brazil

5 Plasma Enhanced CVD Equipment Production, Revenue, Price Trend by Type5.1 Global Plasma Enhanced CVD Equipment Production Market Share by Type (2015-2020)5.2 Global Plasma Enhanced CVD Equipment Revenue Market Share by Type (2015-2020)5.3 Global Plasma Enhanced CVD Equipment Price by Type (2015-2020)5.4 Global Plasma Enhanced CVD Equipment Market Share by Price Tier (2015-2020): Low-End, Mid-Range and High-End

6 Global Plasma Enhanced CVD Equipment Market Analysis by Application6.1 Global Plasma Enhanced CVD Equipment Consumption Market Share by Application (2015-2020)6.2 Global Plasma Enhanced CVD Equipment Consumption Growth Rate by Application (2015-2020)

7 Company Profiles and Key Figures in Plasma Enhanced CVD Equipment Business7.1 Applied Materials7.1.1 Applied Materials Plasma Enhanced CVD Equipment Production Sites and Area Served7.1.2 Applied Materials Plasma Enhanced CVD Equipment Product Introduction, Application and Specification7.1.3 Applied Materials Plasma Enhanced CVD Equipment Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)7.1.4 Applied Materials Main Business and Markets Served7.2 ASM International7.2.1 ASM International Plasma Enhanced CVD Equipment Production Sites and Area Served7.2.2 ASM International Plasma Enhanced CVD Equipment Product Introduction, Application and Specification7.2.3 ASM International Plasma Enhanced CVD Equipment Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)7.2.4 ASM International Main Business and Markets Served7.3 Lam Research7.3.1 Lam Research Plasma Enhanced CVD Equipment Production Sites and Area Served7.3.2 Lam Research Plasma Enhanced CVD Equipment Product Introduction, Application and Specification7.3.3 Lam Research Plasma Enhanced CVD Equipment Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)7.3.4 Lam Research Main Business and Markets Served7.4 Wonik IPS7.4.1 Wonik IPS Plasma Enhanced CVD Equipment Production Sites and Area Served7.4.2 Wonik IPS Plasma Enhanced CVD Equipment Product Introduction, Application and Specification7.4.3 Wonik IPS Plasma Enhanced CVD Equipment Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)7.4.4 Wonik IPS Main Business and Markets Served7.5 Meyer Burger7.5.1 Meyer Burger Plasma Enhanced CVD Equipment Production Sites and Area Served7.5.2 Meyer Burger Plasma Enhanced CVD Equipment Product Introduction, Application and Specification7.5.3 Meyer Burger Plasma Enhanced CVD Equipment Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)7.5.4 Meyer Burger Main Business and Markets Served7.6 Centrotherm7.6.1 Centrotherm Plasma Enhanced CVD Equipment Production Sites and Area Served7.6.2 Centrotherm Plasma Enhanced CVD Equipment Product Introduction, Application and Specification7.6.3 Centrotherm Plasma Enhanced CVD Equipment Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)7.6.4 Centrotherm Main Business and Markets Served7.7 Tempress7.7.1 Tempress Plasma Enhanced CVD Equipment Production Sites and Area Served7.7.2 Tempress Plasma Enhanced CVD Equipment Product Introduction, Application and Specification7.7.3 Tempress Plasma Enhanced CVD Equipment Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)7.7.4 Tempress Main Business and Markets Served7.8 Plasma-Therm7.8.1 Plasma-Therm Plasma Enhanced CVD Equipment Production Sites and Area Served7.8.2 Plasma-Therm Plasma Enhanced CVD Equipment Product Introduction, Application and Specification7.8.3 Plasma-Therm Plasma Enhanced CVD Equipment Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)7.8.4 Plasma-Therm Main Business and Markets Served7.9 S.C New Energy Technology7.9.1 S.C New Energy Technology Plasma Enhanced CVD Equipment Production Sites and Area Served7.9.2 S.C New Energy Technology Plasma Enhanced CVD Equipment Product Introduction, Application and Specification7.9.3 S.C New Energy Technology Plasma Enhanced CVD Equipment Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)7.9.4 S.C New Energy Technology Main Business and Markets Served7.10 Jusung Engineering7.10.1 Jusung Engineering Plasma Enhanced CVD Equipment Production Sites and Area Served7.10.2 Jusung Engineering Plasma Enhanced CVD Equipment Product Introduction, Application and Specification7.10.3 Jusung Engineering Plasma Enhanced CVD Equipment Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)7.10.4 Jusung Engineering Main Business and Markets Served7.11 KLA-Tencor(Orbotech)7.11.1 KLA-Tencor(Orbotech) Plasma Enhanced CVD Equipment Production Sites and Area Served7.11.2 KLA-Tencor(Orbotech) Plasma Enhanced CVD Equipment Product Introduction, Application and Specification7.11.3 KLA-Tencor(Orbotech) Plasma Enhanced CVD Equipment Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)7.11.4 KLA-Tencor(Orbotech) Main Business and Markets Served7.12 ULVAC, Inc7.12.1 ULVAC, Inc Plasma Enhanced CVD Equipment Production Sites and Area Served7.12.2 ULVAC, Inc Plasma Enhanced CVD Equipment Product Introduction, Application and Specification7.12.3 ULVAC, Inc Plasma Enhanced CVD Equipment Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)7.12.4 ULVAC, Inc Main Business and Markets Served7.13 Beijing NAURA7.13.1 Beijing NAURA Plasma Enhanced CVD Equipment Production Sites and Area Served7.13.2 Beijing NAURA Plasma Enhanced CVD Equipment Product Introduction, Application and Specification7.13.3 Beijing NAURA Plasma Enhanced CVD Equipment Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)7.13.4 Beijing NAURA Main Business and Markets Served7.14 Shenyang Piotech7.14.1 Shenyang Piotech Plasma Enhanced CVD Equipment Production Sites and Area Served7.14.2 Shenyang Piotech Plasma Enhanced CVD Equipment Product Introduction, Application and Specification7.14.3 Shenyang Piotech Plasma Enhanced CVD Equipment Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)7.14.4 Shenyang Piotech Main Business and Markets Served7.15 Oxford Instruments7.15.1 Oxford Instruments Plasma Enhanced CVD Equipment Production Sites and Area Served7.15.2 Oxford Instruments Plasma Enhanced CVD Equipment Product Introduction, Application and Specification7.15.3 Oxford Instruments Plasma Enhanced CVD Equipment Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)7.15.4 Oxford Instruments Main Business and Markets Served7.16 SAMCO7.16.1 SAMCO Plasma Enhanced CVD Equipment Production Sites and Area Served7.16.2 SAMCO Plasma Enhanced CVD Equipment Product Introduction, Application and Specification7.16.3 SAMCO Plasma Enhanced CVD Equipment Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)7.16.4 SAMCO Main Business and Markets Served7.17 CVD Equipment Corporation7.17.1 CVD Equipment Corporation Plasma Enhanced CVD Equipment Production Sites and Area Served7.17.2 CVD Equipment Corporation Plasma Enhanced CVD Equipment Product Introduction, Application and Specification7.17.3 CVD Equipment Corporation Plasma Enhanced CVD Equipment Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)7.17.4 CVD Equipment Corporation Main Business and Markets Served7.18 Trion Technology7.18.1 Trion Technology Plasma Enhanced CVD Equipment Production Sites and Area Served7.18.2 Trion Technology Plasma Enhanced CVD Equipment Product Introduction, Application and Specification7.18.3 Trion Technology Plasma Enhanced CVD Equipment Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)7.18.4 Trion Technology Main Business and Markets Served7.19 SENTECH Instruments7.19.1 SENTECH Instruments Plasma Enhanced CVD Equipment Production Sites and Area Served7.19.2 SENTECH Instruments Plasma Enhanced CVD Equipment Product Introduction, Application and Specification7.19.3 SENTECH Instruments Plasma Enhanced CVD Equipment Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)7.19.4 SENTECH Instruments Main Business and Markets Served7.20 NANO-MASTER7.20.1 NANO-MASTER Plasma Enhanced CVD Equipment Production Sites and Area Served7.20.2 NANO-MASTER Plasma Enhanced CVD Equipment Product Introduction, Application and Specification7.20.3 NANO-MASTER Plasma Enhanced CVD Equipment Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)7.20.4 NANO-MASTER Main Business and Markets Served

8 Plasma Enhanced CVD Equipment Manufacturing Cost Analysis8.1 Plasma Enhanced CVD Equipment Key Raw Materials Analysis8.1.1 Key Raw Materials8.1.2 Key Raw Materials Price Trend8.1.3 Key Suppliers of Raw Materials8.2 Proportion of Manufacturing Cost Structure8.3 Manufacturing Process Analysis of Plasma Enhanced CVD Equipment8.4 Plasma Enhanced CVD Equipment Industrial Chain Analysis

9 Marketing Channel, Distributors and Customers9.1 Marketing Channel9.2 Plasma Enhanced CVD Equipment Distributors List9.3 Plasma Enhanced CVD Equipment Customers

10 Market Dynamics10.1 Market Trends10.2 Opportunities and Drivers10.3 Challenges10.4 Porters Five Forces Analysis

11 Production and Supply Forecast11.1 Global Forecasted Production of Plasma Enhanced CVD Equipment (2021-2026)11.2 Global Forecasted Revenue of Plasma Enhanced CVD Equipment (2021-2026)11.3 Global Forecasted Price of Plasma Enhanced CVD Equipment (2021-2026)11.4 Global Plasma Enhanced CVD Equipment Production Forecast by Regions (2021-2026)11.4.1 North America Plasma Enhanced CVD Equipment Production, Revenue Forecast (2021-2026)11.4.2 Europe Plasma Enhanced CVD Equipment Production, Revenue Forecast (2021-2026)11.4.3 China Plasma Enhanced CVD Equipment Production, Revenue Forecast (2021-2026)11.4.4 Japan Plasma Enhanced CVD Equipment Production, Revenue Forecast (2021-2026)

12 Consumption and Demand Forecast12.1 Global Forecasted and Consumption Demand Analysis of Plasma Enhanced CVD Equipment12.2 North America Forecasted Consumption of Plasma Enhanced CVD Equipment by Country12.3 Europe Market Forecasted Consumption of Plasma Enhanced CVD Equipment by Country12.4 Asia Pacific Market Forecasted Consumption of Plasma Enhanced CVD Equipment by Regions12.5 Latin America Forecasted Consumption of Plasma Enhanced CVD Equipment13 Forecast by Type and by Application (2021-2026)13.1 Global Production, Revenue and Price Forecast by Type (2021-2026)13.1.1 Global Forecasted Production of Plasma Enhanced CVD Equipment by Type (2021-2026)13.1.2 Global Forecasted Revenue of Plasma Enhanced CVD Equipment by Type (2021-2026)13.1.2 Global Forecasted Price of Plasma Enhanced CVD Equipment by Type (2021-2026)13.2 Global Forecasted Consumption of Plasma Enhanced CVD Equipment by Application (2021-2026)14 Research Finding and Conclusion

15 Methodology and Data Source15.1 Methodology/Research Approach15.1.1 Research Programs/Design15.1.2 Market Size Estimation15.1.3 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation15.2 Data Source15.2.1 Secondary Sources15.2.2 Primary Sources15.3 Author List15.4 Disclaimer

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Plasma Enhanced CVD Equipment Market Overview, Growth Opportunities, Industry Analysis, Size, Strategies and Forecast to 2026 | Applied Materials, ASM...

Pandemic Gives Rise to Robotics Investment Thesis – ETF Trends

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Count the Global X Robotics & Artificial Intelligence Thematic ETF (NasdaqGM: BOTZ) among the thematic ETFs that could see positive long-term implications amid the array of negativity generated by the coronavirus pandemic.

BOTZ seeks to provide investment results that correspond generally to the price and yield performance, before fees and expenses, of the Indxx Global Robotics & Artificial Intelligence Thematic Index. The index itself captures large and mid-cap representation across 23 Developed Markets (DM) and 24 Emerging Markets (EM) countries.

The industrial employee of the future, it seems, will be a robot, as manufacturers bring work back to the U.S. following the pandemic, reports Al Root for Barrons. A survey of 200 decision makers conducted by Citigroup analyst Andrew Kaplowitz found that although the coronavirus is delaying plans for factory automation in the near term, it is likely to accelerate the shift away from human workers in the long term.

Disruptive forces are among us irrespective of which sector one chooses to focus on, and the impact of technology, such as robotics, is just barely scratching the surface. This gives ETF investors the opportunity to jump in on disruptive-focused funds that delve into technology that is transformative.

BOTZ seeks to invest in companies that potentially stand to benefit from increased adoption and utilization of robotics and artificial intelligence (AI), including those involved with industrial robotics and automation, non-industrial robots, and autonomous vehicles.

Automation can drive reshoring, or bringing back manufacturing work to the U.S. by enabling companies here to compete with places where labor costs are lower. The pandemic has highlighted the value of doing that by exposing the risks of complex supply chains that span the globe, reports Barrons.

Robotics and artificial intelligence are making machines smarter and more capable than ever before, allowing robots to take on increasingly sophisticated tasks for faster and more accurate production. Declining computer chip costs and improving connectivity allows for virtually any object to connect to internet-enabled networks, effectively turning anything into a connected device.

Robots are already proving to be useful workaround tools in this new world of social distancing as a result of the coronavirus outbreak. While robotic technology is doing as much as possible now, this is a time researchers can use to learn how to deal with pandemics in the future.

For more on thematic ETFs, please visit our Thematic Investing Channel.

The opinions and forecasts expressed herein are solely those of Tom Lydon, and may not actually come to pass. Information on this site should not be used or construed as an offer to sell, a solicitation of an offer to buy, or a recommendation for any product.

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Pandemic Gives Rise to Robotics Investment Thesis - ETF Trends

Opportunities for Robotics in the Construction Industry, 2020 – Smart Manufacturing to Reap Highest Benefits of 5G Adoption in the Medium Term -…

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DUBLIN--(BUSINESS WIRE)--The "Opportunities of Robotics in Construction Industry" report has been added to ResearchAndMarkets.com's offering.

Autonomous and robotics technology has been undergoing major technological growth in recent years. This novel technology is playing a crucial role in the transformation of many key industries such as automotive, aerospace, warehouse, and logistics. With the advent of Industry 4.0 and smart factories, all industries across the spectrum are adopting advanced robotic automation solutions for varied applications according to industry requirements.

This research service reviews about the different robotic solutions, which are impacting the construction industry. A section of the study is also dedicated to the new growth opportunities related to robotics in the construction industry.

Key Questions Answered

Key Topics Covered

1. Executive Summary

1.1 Research Scope

1.2 Research Methodology

1.3 Explanation of Research Methodology

2. Key Findings

3. Construction Robots - Industry Overview

3.1. Inspection and Surveying Robots are Witnessing High Adoption Rates

3.2. Autonomous Technology will Have the Highest Impact on the Industry

3.3. Material Handling Solutions are Witnessing Significant Adoption Rate

4. Patent Analysis - Robotic Solutions for the Construction Industry

4.1. 2018 Witnessed Highest Increase in Patents Related to Autonomous and Surveying Robotic Solutions

4.2. China has the Highest Patent Filings Related to Construction Robotic Solutions

4.3. Drones are Being Specially Designed for Building and Land Surveying Applications

4.4. The US has Filed the Highest Patents Related to Drones for the Construction Industry

5. Notable Innovations

5.1. Robotics Solutions Decrease Man Power Requirement and Increase Process Cycle Time

5.2. High Implementation Cost is One of the Key Challenges Hindering the Adoption of Robotics Solutions

6. Growth Opportunities

6.1. Construction Robots Successfully Address Key Industry Challenges in the Long Term

6.2. Smart Manufacturing to Reap Highest Benefits of 5G Adoption in the Medium Term

7. Companies to Action

7.1. Fully Autonomous Robotic Solutions, which can be Remotely Operated are Main Area of Focus

7.2. The Requirement for Efficient Monitoring and Surveying has Lead to the Adoption of Drones Across the Construction Industry

8. COVID-19 on Construction Industry

8.1. Impact of COVID-19 on the Construction Industry

9. Industry Contacts

9.1 Key Industry Contacts

For more information about this report visit https://www.researchandmarkets.com/r/365lgl

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Opportunities for Robotics in the Construction Industry, 2020 - Smart Manufacturing to Reap Highest Benefits of 5G Adoption in the Medium Term -...

Dexterity exits stealth with $56.2M raised for its collaborative warehouse robots – TechCrunch

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Dexterity emerged from stealth this week to announce its full-stack solution aimed at creating collaborative robotics systems. The hardware-software system is designed for a variety of different tasks, including bin picking and box packing, targeted at warehouse fulfillment and logistics needs.

The Bay Area-based startup has already built up significant support from the investment world, with $56.2 million raised to date, from a long list of backers, including Kleiner Perkins, Lightspeed Venture Partners, Obvious Ventures, Pacific West Bank, B37 Ventures, Presidio (Sumitomo) Ventures, Blackhorn Ventures, Liquid 2 Ventures and Stanford StartX.

Image Credits: Dexterity

The company was founded back in 2017 as an extension of CEO Samir Menons Stanford thesis, described by Dexterity thusly, Menon worked on a control theory framework to describe how the human brain controls and coordinates the body, which serves as a model to distill human skill into mathematical programs that control robots in a graceful human-like manner.

Part of the companys appeal appears to be the versatility of the robotics, which are designed to work alongside their human counterparts and operate collaboratively. Among the early adopters for the system are an unnamed global food manufacturer, a worldwide package delivery provider and Japans Kawasaki Heavy Industries.

Dexterity says its also seen a boost from the push for essential services during the COVID-19 pandemic, like so many others in the robotics and automation fields, stating that its systems have been involved with the shipping of half a million units of packaged food.

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Dexterity exits stealth with $56.2M raised for its collaborative warehouse robots - TechCrunch

COVID-19 Impact & Recovery Analysis- Global Food Packaging Robotics Market 2020-2024 | Integration of Advanced Technologies to Boost Growth |…

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LONDON--(BUSINESS WIRE)--Technavio has been monitoring the global food packaging robotics market size and it is poised to grow by USD 813.02 million during 2020-2024, progressing at a CAGR of 5% during the forecast period. The report offers an up-to-date analysis regarding the current market scenario, latest trends and drivers, and the overall market environment.

Technavio suggests three forecast scenarios (optimistic, probable, and pessimistic) considering the impact of COVID-19. Please Request Latest Free Sample Report on COVID-19 Impact

The market is concentrated, and the degree of concentration will accelerate during the forecast period. ABB Ltd., DENSO Corp., FANUC Corp., KUKA AG, Midea Group Co. Ltd., Mitsubishi Electric Corp., OMRON Corp., Robert Bosch GmbH, Teradyne Inc., and Yaskawa Electric Corp. are some of the major market participants. To make the most of the opportunities, market vendors should focus more on the growth prospects in the fast-growing segments, while maintaining their positions in the slow-growing segments.

The integration of advanced technologies has been instrumental in driving the growth of the market. However, the high cost of deploying robotics might hamper market growth.

Food Packaging Robotics Market 2020-2024 : Segmentation

Food Packaging Robotics Market is segmented as below:

To learn more about the global trends impacting the future of market research, download a free sample: https://www.technavio.com/talk-to-us?report=IRTNTR44289

Food Packaging Robotics Market 2020-2024 : Scope

Technavio presents a detailed picture of the market by the way of study, synthesis, and summation of data from multiple sources. Our food packaging robotics market report covers the following areas:

This study identifies the emergence of collaborative robots as one of the prime reasons driving the food packaging robotics market growth during the next few years.

Food Packaging Robotics Market 2020-2024 : Vendor Analysis

We provide a detailed analysis of around 25 vendors operating in the food packaging robotics market, including some of the vendors such as ABB Ltd., DENSO Corp., FANUC Corp., KUKA AG, Midea Group Co. Ltd., Mitsubishi Electric Corp., OMRON Corp., Robert Bosch GmbH, Teradyne Inc., and Yaskawa Electric Corp. Backed with competitive intelligence and benchmarking, our research reports on the food packaging robotics market are designed to provide entry support, customer profile and M&As as well as go-to-market strategy support.

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Food Packaging Robotics Market 2020-2024 : Key Highlights

Table Of Contents :

Executive Summary

Market Landscape

Market Sizing

Five Forces Analysis

Market Segmentation by Application

Customer landscape

Geographic Landscape

Market Drivers Demand led growth

Market Challenges

Market Trends

Vendor Landscape

Vendor Analysis

Appendix

About Us

Technavio is a leading global technology research and advisory company. Their research and analysis focus on emerging market trends and provides actionable insights to help businesses identify market opportunities and develop effective strategies to optimize their market positions. With over 500 specialized analysts, Technavios report library consists of more than 17,000 reports and counting, covering 800 technologies, spanning across 50 countries. Their client base consists of enterprises of all sizes, including more than 100 Fortune 500 companies. This growing client base relies on Technavios comprehensive coverage, extensive research, and actionable market insights to identify opportunities in existing and potential markets and assess their competitive positions within changing market scenarios.

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COVID-19 Impact & Recovery Analysis- Global Food Packaging Robotics Market 2020-2024 | Integration of Advanced Technologies to Boost Growth |...

Robotic Mapping and Navigation- A Market Worth Observing Growth | Omron Adept, Clearpath Robotics, Vecna, Mobile Industrial Robots – Cole of Duty

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COVID-19 Impact on Global Robotic Mapping and Navigation Market Insights, Forecast to 2026 is latest research study released by HTF MI evaluating the market, highlighting opportunities, risk side analysis, and leveraged with strategic and tactical decision-making support. The study provides information on market trends and development, drivers, capacities, technologies, and on the changinginvestment structure of the COVID-19 Impact on Global Robotic Mapping and Navigation Market. Some of the key players profiled in the study are Swisslog (KUKA), Omron Adept, Clearpath Robotics, Vecna, Mobile Industrial Robots, SMP Robotics, Aethon, Locus Robotics, Fetch Robotics, Hi-Tech Robotic Systemz, Amazon Robotics.

COVID-19 Impact on Robotic Mapping and Navigation Market Overview:

If you are involved in the COVID-19 Impact on Robotic Mapping and Navigation industry or intend to be, then this study will provide you comprehensive outlook. Its vital you keep your market knowledge up to date segmented by Hospitals and Healthcare, Manufacturing, Logistics and Warehouse, Military & Others, , Industrial Robots & Service Robots and major players. If you want to classify different company according to your targeted objective or geography we can provide customization according to your requirement.

You can get free access to samples from the report here:https://www.htfmarketreport.com/sample-report/2722831-covid-19-impact-on-global-robotic-mapping-and-navigation-market

COVID-19 Impact on Robotic Mapping and Navigation Market: Demand Analysis & Opportunity Outlook 2025

COVID-19 Impact on Robotic Mapping and Navigation research study is to define market sizes of various segments & countries by past years and to forecast the values by next 5 years. The report is assembled to comprise each qualitative and quantitative elements of the industry facts including: market share, market size (value and volume 2014-19, and forecast to 2025) which admire each countries concerned in the competitive examination. Further, the study additionally caters the in-depth statistics about the crucial elements which includes drivers & restraining factors that defines future growth outlook of the market.

Important years considered in the study are:Historical year 2014-2019 ; Base year 2019; Forecast period** 2020 to 2025 [** unless otherwise stated]

The segments and sub-section of COVID-19 Impact on Robotic Mapping and Navigation market are shown below:

The Study is segmented by following Product Type: , Industrial Robots & Service Robots

Major applications/end-users industry are as follows: Hospitals and Healthcare, Manufacturing, Logistics and Warehouse, Military & Others

Some of the key players/Manufacturers involved in the Market are Swisslog (KUKA), Omron Adept, Clearpath Robotics, Vecna, Mobile Industrial Robots, SMP Robotics, Aethon, Locus Robotics, Fetch Robotics, Hi-Tech Robotic Systemz, Amazon Robotics

Enquire for customization in Report @https://www.htfmarketreport.com/enquiry-before-buy/2722831-covid-19-impact-on-global-robotic-mapping-and-navigation-market

If opting for the Global version of COVID-19 Impact on Robotic Mapping and Navigation Market analysis is provided for major regions as follows: North America (USA, Canada and Mexico) Europe (Germany, France, the United Kingdom, Netherlands, Russia , Italy and Rest of Europe) Asia-Pacific (China, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, South Korea, India and Southeast Asia) South America (Brazil, Argentina, Colombia, rest of countries etc.) Middle East and Africa (Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Israel, Egypt, Nigeria and South Africa)

Buy this research report @https://www.htfmarketreport.com/buy-now?format=1&report=2722831

Key Answers Captured in Study areWhich geography would have better demand for product/services?What strategies of big players help them acquire share in regional market?Countries that may see the steep rise in CAGR & year-on-year (Y-O-Y) growth?How feasible is market for long term investment?What opportunity the country would offer for existing and new players in the COVID-19 Impact on Robotic Mapping and Navigation market?Risk side analysis involved with suppliers in specific geography?What influencing factors driving the demand of COVID-19 Impact on Robotic Mapping and Navigation near future?What is the impact analysis of various factors in the COVID-19 Impact on Global Robotic Mapping and Navigation market growth?What are the recent trends in the regional market and how successful they are?

Read Detailed Index of full Research Study at @https://www.htfmarketreport.com/reports/2722831-covid-19-impact-on-global-robotic-mapping-and-navigation-market

There are 15 Chapters to display the COVID-19 Impact on Global Robotic Mapping and Navigation market.Chapter 1, About Executive Summary to describe Definition, Specifications and Classification of COVID-19 Impact on Global Robotic Mapping and Navigation market, Applications [Hospitals and Healthcare, Manufacturing, Logistics and Warehouse, Military & Others], Market Segment by Types , Industrial Robots & Service Robots;Chapter 2, objective of the study.Chapter 3, to display Research methodology and techniques.Chapter 4 and 5, to show the COVID-19 Impact on Robotic Mapping and Navigation Market Analysis, segmentation analysis, characteristics;Chapter 6 and 7, to show Five forces (bargaining Power of buyers/suppliers), Threats to new entrants and market condition;Chapter 8 and 9, to show analysis by regional segmentation[North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific etc ], comparison, leading countries and opportunities; Regional Marketing Type Analysis, Supply Chain AnalysisChapter 10, to identify major decision framework accumulated through Industry experts and strategic decision makers;Chapter 11 and 12, COVID-19 Impact on Global Robotic Mapping and Navigation Market Trend Analysis, Drivers, Challenges by consumer behavior, Marketing ChannelsChapter 13 and 14, about vendor landscape (classification and Market Ranking)Chapter 15, deals with COVID-19 Impact on Global Robotic Mapping and Navigation Market sales channel, distributors, Research Findings and Conclusion, appendix and data source.

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Robotic Mapping and Navigation- A Market Worth Observing Growth | Omron Adept, Clearpath Robotics, Vecna, Mobile Industrial Robots - Cole of Duty

Exclusive Informative Report on Space Robotics Market with Covid-19 Effect Analysis | likewise Industry is Booming with Key Players Maxar…

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This detailed and well synchronized research report about the Global Space Robotics Market is the most significant, up-to-date, ready-to-refer research analysis that allows readers to draw substantial market specific cues that eventually remain crucial growth influencers in the Space Robotics market, performance over past and present years, opportunity mapping, investment feasibility and growth orbits are specified in this research report.

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Market Dynamics:

Each portion of the worldwide Space Robotics market is broadly assessed in the examination study. The segment investigation offered in the report pinpoints key opportunities accessible in the Space Robotics market through driving fragments.

Space Robotics Market, By Solution, Estimates and Forecast, 2016-2027

Space Robotics Market, By Application, Estimates and Forecast, 2016-2027

Space Robotics Market, By End User, Estimates and Forecast, 2016-2027

Geographical Outlook of Space Robotics report covering:

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Exclusive Informative Report on Space Robotics Market with Covid-19 Effect Analysis | likewise Industry is Booming with Key Players Maxar...

Service Robotics Market 2019- Global Market Report with Market Size, Market Growth, Industry Chain Structure, Trends, Challenges and Market Estimation…

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With reliable and impactful research methodologies, Service Robotics Market provides critical information pertaining to the growth of the global Service Robotics market. Our team of analysts monitor the ongoing developments within the Service Robotics space and provide an unbiased assessment of the global Service Robotics market. The data included in the report are procured from reliable and trustworthy primary and secondary sources.

According to the findings of the report, the value of the global Service Robotics market in 2018 was ~US$ XX (Mn/Bn) and expected to attain a value of ~US$ XX (Mn/Bn) by the end of 2029. In addition, the report reveals that the global Service Robotics market is likely to grow at a CAGR of XX% during the forecast period (2019-2029).

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The Service Robotics market report provides an extensive analysis of the different product types including:

The report includes critical information related to the following end-uses:

The important regions taken into account in the market study include:

The presented market study includes a brief introduction of the Service Robotics market to enhance the reading experience of our users. Further, a thorough quantitative and qualitative analysis of each of these segments is provided in the report along with graphs, tables, and figures to support the data.

Key information drawn from the Service Robotics market study

The market report aims to address the following queries:

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Service Robotics Market 2019- Global Market Report with Market Size, Market Growth, Industry Chain Structure, Trends, Challenges and Market Estimation...