Expletives and outbursts: The real life of a woman in U.S. politics – Politico

Welcome to the real life of a woman in U.S. politics.

On Monday, Rep. Ted Yoho (R-Fla.) tore into freshman Rep. Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez (D-N.Y.) on the steps of the Capitol, reportedly calling her a f---ing b---- as he walked away. On Tuesday, during a private meeting, conservative male lawmakers took turns unloading on Rep. Liz Cheney (R-Wyo.) for criticizing President Donald Trumps handling of the coronavirus and supporting Dr. Anthony Fauci.

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The twin outbursts sent shockwaves through Congress as both parties rushed to contain, or condemn, the behavior. Two POLITICO Congress reporters are here to tell us what they saw this week on the Hill:

The Republican Party still has a long way to go -- POLITICOs Melanie Zanona writes: The GOP has been desperately trying to shake its image as the party of old, white males a problem Republicans have long struggled with, even before President Trump was elected. And, to the GOPs credit, they have recruited a record-breaking number of Republican women to run for office this year.

But between the nasty confrontation with AOC and the Cheney pile-on, this was a bad week for that effort. If the GOP is targeting Cheney in particular, the highest-ranking female Republican and just one of 13 Republican women in the House, what does that signal about how they value the women in their party?

At a press conference, House Minority Leader Kevin McCarthy (R-Calif.) voiced support for Cheney and said Yoho made a mistake. But he also said Yoho should be forgiven because he apologized, and questioned whether Democrats should have used an hour of floor time to continue talking about the incident comments that came off as tone-deaf to many congressional Democrats.

When pressed on whether the GOP has a woman problem, McCarthy strongly pushed back, pointing to the partys progress in recruiting female candidates. But he also acknowledged they still have a ways to go when it comes to improving their standing with women. So do we have areas to improve? Yes. But are there improvements out there? I see it each and every day, he said.

Dems use the moment to unite -- POLITICOs Sarah Ferris was there to witness the scene on Thursday as more than a dozen Democrats, mostly women, came to the defense of Ocasio-Cortez in a series of floor speeches. She writes: The speeches were delivered to a mostly empty House chamber in a mostly deserted Capitol complex but the intended audience was far beyond the building.

For an hour on the floor, Democrats from senior progressive Rep. Barbara Lee (D-Calif.) to moderate freshman Rep. Mikie Sherrill (D-N.J.) called out Yoho for what they considered a non-apology. (He regretted his abrupt manner but denied using the vulgar insult that AOC and a reporter heard.) Many recounted their own experiences being accosted by men in their workplaces, including Rep. Pramila Jayapal (D-Wash.), who was belittled by a senior Republican on the House floor just three years ago.

Im stunned, and yet, at the same time, I think its a pattern. Its an old pattern, Jayapal said.

AOC herself gave a forceful speech, condemning Yoho especially for referencing his wife and daughters when he denied leveling an explicative at her. In using that language in front of the press, he gave permission to use that language against his wife, his daughters, women in his community, and I am here to stand up to say that is not acceptable, she said. I want to thank him for showing the world that you can be a powerful man and accost women. You can have daughters and accost women without remorse. You can be married and accost women. ... It happens every day in this country.

It was a powerful moment for the Democratic Caucus, which touts more women than ever in its ranks and for Ocasio-Cortez personally, who has been vilified by the GOP and is a lightning bolt even in her own party. But on Thursday, it was progressives and moderates of all ranks, from Majority Leader Steny Hoyer to freshman lawmakers, who joined the show of force on the floor.

We are all keenly aware that everyone across the country is watching, Rep. Katherine Clark, one of the most senior Democratic women in Congress, said in an interview after her floor speech. If we don't speak up, then it becomes something that women and girls just accept in our lives.

-- Dems rebuke culture of sexism in defense of Ocasio-Cortez, by Caitlin Oprysko and Sarah Ferris POLITICO

Happy Friday and welcome back to Women Rule. Its great to be back with you guys. In Hollywood news, Hulu has acquired the rights to Curtis Sittenfelds alternate history Rodham, which imagines HIllary Clintons story had she never married Bill.

Thanks to Maya Parthasarathy for doing such a stellar job filling in the past two weeks. Send your feedback to [emailprotected]. Subscribe here.

PANDEMIC AFTEREFFECTS - Crashing down: How the child care crisis is magnifying racial disparities, by Eleanor Mueller: The collapse of the child care industry is hitting women of color the hardest, threatening to stoke racial and gender inequities and putting pressure on Congress to address the crisis in its new round of coronavirus aid.

Black and Latina women are suffering a double-barreled blow as coronavirus-induced shutdowns batter the industry, since they dominate the ranks of child care providers and have long struggled to gain access to the services for their own kids.

The sector, which saw 60 percent of its programs close at the height of the pandemic before rebounding slightly, is still down some 237,000 workers from last year a number thats likely to grow as states shut down again, economists say. Some projections show the industry could permanently lose half its programs. Two in 5 child care providers this month said they will shut for good without an infusion of federal funding. POLITICO

-- How the Child Care Crisis Will Distort the Economy for a Generation -- POLITICO Magazines Zack Stanton interviews economist Betsey Stevenson, a former member of President Barack Obamas Council of Economic Advisers. POLITICO Magazine

-- An eviction apocalypse is coming, experts warn. Black women will bear the brunt, via The Lily

A BETTER POST-COVID WORLD -- Check out the International Rescue Committees report on how to build back better to ensure that the post-Covid world gives women and girls more opportunities to succeed. Read the report

2020 WATCH -- Joe Biden says four African American women are under consideration as his running mate, by Sean Sullivan: Presumptive Democratic presidential nominee Joe Biden suggested Monday that four African American women are under consideration to be his running mate, but he stopped short of pledging to pick one of them. Although Biden did not name any of the four, the comments amounted to some of his most specific public remarks yet about a search that he has said he is aiming to conclude by early August. His words also reflected the growing pressure he is under to demonstrate that he is seriously considering adding a black woman to the ticket. WaPo

-- Georgia Democrats pick state party chair to replace Lewis on ballot, by Ally Mutnick: Nikema Williams, a state senator and chair of Georgia state Democratic Party, will replace the late Rep. John Lewis on the ballot in November. Facing a Monday afternoon deadline to select a new nominee, the state party executive committee chose Williams from a pool of 131 applicants. Lewis, a beloved icon of the Civil Rights Movement, died Friday at age 80, after a battle with pancreatic cancer. POLITICO

COVID SPOTLIGHT -- Covid Vaccine Front-Runner Is Months Ahead of Her Competition, by Stephanie Baker: [Oxford Universitys Sarah] Gilbert has been all over the British press, but she appears to regard public attention as a distraction. For more than two decades she worked anonymously, developing vaccines while also, of necessity, churning out endless grant applications. Her research was rarely discussed outside scientific circles. Now shes leading one of the most high-profile and advanced vaccine candidates against Covid-19, with Phase III, or final-stage, trials under way involving thousands of people in Brazil, South Africa, the U.K., and, soon, the U.S. Money is no longer a struggle. Bloomberg

THE TRUMP ADMINISTRATION -- State Department Insiders Ask: What Is Susan Pompeo Really Up To? by Daniel Lippman and Nahal Toosi: Mike Pompeo has risen to a series of increasingly influential posts in Washington: first as President Donald Trumps director of the CIA and now as secretary of State. He is widely considered a future Republican presidential candidate. In each of his recent positions, his wife has been a constant presence at his side, wielding her unofficial authority in ways that have carried through from the CIAs Langley, Va., headquarters all the way to Foggy Bottomwith fastidious attention to detail, demanding standards and a head-turning level of engagement for the spouse of a powerful political figure.

But in recent months, Susan Pompeos involvement in State Department business has drawn public attention in ways that have been uncomfortable for the Pompeos. In May, at Mike Pompeos behest, Trump fired the departments inspector general, who had been probing whether the Pompeos have improperly used office staff to perform personal and political errands. Democratic lawmakers are now investigating the circumstances of the inspector generals firing.

From speaking to roughly two dozen people and examining emails and audio recordings, a portrait emerges of a couple experiencing a rude introduction to the major leagues. In a vast Cabinet department with extensive resources, tightly bound by protocol and with close oversight, Mike and Susan Pompeo have imported a model more familiar to smaller, less scrutinized congressional offices on Capitol Hill: a blurry line between the appointed secretary and unappointed spouse, and among official, political and personal agendas. POLITICO Magazine

OP-ED WATCH -- Sen. Elizabeth Warren and Michigan Gov. Gretchen Whitmer both published op eds in the New York Times this week. Warren wrote about her to-do list to fight the coronavirus pandemic, which includes the statement we cannot begin to have a recovery without affordable child care. Whitmer urged Trump to issue a federal mandate requiring people to wear face masks on public transport, indoors, or outdoors when a distance of six feet cannot be maintained.

PHOTO OF THE WEEK: Rep. Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez speaks on the House floor, Thursday, July 23. This issue is not about one incident, she said. It is cultural. It is a culture of lack of impunity, of accepting violence and violent language against women and an entire structure of power that supports that. | House Television via AP

CLASS NOTES -- The Class of RBG, by Dahlia Lithwick and Molly Olmstead: Theres a scene in a recent movie about Ruth Bader Ginsburg that stuck in my head after I saw it. Its in the biopic On the Basis of Sex, when the future justice and some of her Harvard Law classmates are gathered at Dean Erwin Griswolds house for dinner. The year is 1956, just six years after the law school started admitting women. In that scene, the dean asks each of the women in the class nine of them, including Ginsburg to stand up and explain why shes at Harvard, taking the place of a man. ...

In the movie, of course, the spotlight is on Justice Ginsburg, as she drily replies that she is at Harvard because she wants to learn more about her husbands work.

But when I watched that scene, I thought: What about those other women, giggling in the background at Ruth Bader Ginsburgs response? Those women, pioneers all, are now just extras in movie scenes about their famous classmate. But who are they? What drew them to join a class of 500-plus men to study the law, and what did they hope to do with their degrees? Slate

-- Ruth Bader Ginsburg reflects on her female classmates: Its Amazing to Me How Distinctly I Remember Each of These Women, via Slate ...

AROUND THE WORLD -- For Women in Afghan Security Forces, a Daily Battle, by Mujib Mashal: Motivated, educated and fresh from finishing police academy in Turkey, Second Lt. Zala Zazai had stellar qualifications for the job she took in eastern Afghanistan in June. It all mattered little once she started. On social media, she was called a prostitute, and men wrote that her very presence on the force would corrupt Khost Province, where she was posted. Her colleagues at Police Headquarters where she was the only female officer on a staff of nearly 500 tried to intimidate her into wearing a conservative head scarf and traditional clothes instead of her uniform, and to hide in back corners of the office away from the public, she said. Shopkeepers arrived at the stations gates with no other business but to get a look at this novelty.

Even after more than a billion dollars spent on womens empowerment projects, the daily reality for women trying to break into public roles particularly with the government and the security forces remains bleak. Women are still almost completely absent in high-level meetings where decisions of war, peace and politics are made. Work for women at routine jobs is a daily barrage of harassment, insult and abuse.

Among the police forces, which have been the focus of diversification efforts for years, women still make up only 2.8 percent of employees and that is the highest level in 18 years. Most of those 3,800 women are in hidden roles with little contact with the public, officials acknowledged. Only five of the total of about 200 military and civilian leadership positions at the Interior Ministry are occupied by women. NYT

-- The Disappeared Of Pakistan Have New Champions: Young Women, via NPR ... The COVID-19 crisis disproportionately affects women heres how Latin America is addressing it, via World Economic Forum

IN THE COURTS -- Google Women Seek Class-Action Status for Gender-Pay Lawsuit, by Malathi Nayak: Four female former employees of Alphabet Inc.s Google are trying to persuade a state court to let them represent more than 10,000 peers in a gender-pay disparity suit against the company, setting the stage for the next big battle over class-action status. Google paid women approximately $16,794 less per year than the similarly-situated man, the women said in a filing on Tuesday, citing an analysis by David Neumark, an economist at the University of California, Irvine. Google paid women less base salary, smaller bonuses, and less stock than men in the same job code and location, they said.

The women claim the pay differences violate Californias Equal Pay Act. According to the lawsuit, Google also violated the states Unfair Competition Law with a policy from 2011 to 2017 of asking job candidates for prior salaries, perpetuating lower pay and seniority for women. They want a San Francisco Superior Court judge to let them sue on behalf of all women who have worked at Google in California since Sept. 14, 2013. Bloomberg

WOMEN AT WORK -- How to Stop the Tidal Wave of Multicultural Women Fleeing Corporate America, via the Working Mother Research Institute: They start their corporate careers like everyone else, eager to show their value and hungry to learn. They actually are more ambitious than other newbies, much more likely to aim for the top jobs. But they quickly and consistently see that stretch assignments and promotions arent coming their way, and there are no seats at the table for women who look like them. So they resign.

Multicultural women are currently 39 percent of the U.S. female population and are projected to be 66 percent by 2060. But heres the growing dilemma for employers. Too many multicultural women dont want to work in corporate America, our new research shows. Fifty percent of them are considering leaving their companies within the next two years, a 10 percent higher rate than white womenand its highest for Black women (52 percent). Read the report.

-- Anti-mask customers, happy hours and BLM protests: 30 days as a grocery store worker, via The Lily

#METOO LATEST -- Hearst Employees Say Magazine Boss Led Toxic Culture, by Katie Robertson and Ben Smith: [Inside] the Hearst Tower in Midtown Manhattan, the Hearst Magazines leader, Troy Young, has drawn complaints from people who said he had made lewd, sexist remarks at work. And in recent weeks, inspired by the civil rights movement, current and former employees at Cosmopolitan and another Hearst womens title, Marie Claire, have spoken out on social media and during staff meetings on what they describe as a toxic environment.

Mr. Young succeeded David Carey as Hearst Magazines president in 2018, winning the job over the high-profile former editor and magazine executive Joanna Coles. That promotion came after at least four employees had complained about what they described as Mr. Youngs bullying or harassing behavior to the human resources department or senior executives, according to four former Hearst employees, who spoke on the condition of anonymity because they feared retaliation.

One incident involving Mr. Young occurred during a visit to the Cosmopolitan office when he was the digital head, according to two people who were present. Mr. Young picked up one of the sex toys that had been sent to the magazine and asked if he could keep it, the people said. Referring to the openings of two toys, he said he would definitely need the bigger one, the people said. NYT

-- Retired Col. Kathy Spletstoser wasnt able to stop Joint Chiefs vice chairman Gen. John Hyten from being confirmed. But shes not done with him, by Manuel Roig-Franzia: Spletstoser has accused Hyten of sexually assaulting her more than half a dozen times while she was under his command and then retaliating against her accusations that he has vigorously denied during a military investigation and in front of the Senate.

So now, she turns to a federal court in Los Angeles, where a victory in a sexual assault lawsuit she filed against Hyten, which reached a critical juncture Monday when a federal judge in Los Angeles heard arguments on Hytens attempt to dismiss the suit, would be the equivalent of a major legal earthquake that could possibly set precedent for other service members, permitting them to sue their commanders in federal court for damages. WaPo

WHEN MARKETING GOES WRONG -- Bacardi targeted women with its new reduced-alcohol vodkas. It went over as well as youd expect, by Emily Heil: It seems that everyone is pivoting these days. That includes spirits giant Bacardi Limited, which is apparently walking back the branding behind a new line of reduced-calorie and reduced-alcohol vodkas that was initially exclusively aimed at women. A Bacardi spokeswoman wrote in an email Tuesday that the Plume & Petal products, which were soundly dragged on social media last week, are not for women specifically.

A millennial-pink flag went up last week when Food & Wine restaurant editor Khushbu Shah posted an image of a message she had received from a PR representative hoping to interest her in writing about the new collection, by women, for todays modern woman, intended to be enjoyed with other women. ... The mockery came in as hot as a stone massage. Shah kicked it off, writing, ah yes just what I need in 2020! gendered drinks with half the alcohol.

This ad copy is from a Crystal Light ad from 1995, another critic wrote. Others wondered why women would want a lighter booze these stressful days. This is a pandemic, one wrote. How dare you. WaPo

IN SPORTS -- New Womens Soccer Team, Founded by Women, Will Press Equal Pay Cause, via NYT

PERSPECTIVE -- Breonna Taylor Cant Tell Her Story of Police Abuse, but Im Here to Tell Mine, via The New Yorker ... With the Women, Peace, and Security Act, Washington Could Be a Model for the World, via Foreign Policy

BOOK CLUB -- Why Is Womens Work Still Undervalued and Unacknowledged? by Heather Boushey: If there ever were a moment in the history of capitalism for the work of women to be fairly valued around the globe, that moment is now, as the coronavirus pandemic rages. In The Double X Economy: The Epic Potential of Womens Empowerment, Linda Scott tells powerful stories about how equal economic treatment for women would put a stop to some of the worlds costliest evils, while building prosperity for everyone.

By costly evils, Scott, a professor emeritus at Oxford and the founder of the Global Business Coalition for Womens Economic Empowerment, has in mind the cycle of poverty evident in countries that fail to keep girls in school, since girls who complete high school are not only better able to compete in the work force but tend to have their first child later and have fewer children over all, thus slowing population growth. They also are more likely to keep their children in school longer, feed them better and provide them with adequate health care. (Moreover, girls who stay in school are less likely to be victims of human trafficking.) But the pandemic and subsequent recession are crises made worse by existing impediments to womens economic participation, obstacles that have resulted in a shadow or unacknowledged system of female labor what Scott calls the double X economy. NYT

-- The Literature of the Pandemic Is Already Here, via The Atlantic ... Sisters In Hate Profiles 3 Women Who Find Bonds In White Nationalist Movement, via NPR

VIDEO:

TRANSITIONS -- Rachel Scott was promoted to White House correspondent and D.C. correspondent at ABC News. The New York Times Co. named Meredith Kopit Levien as chief executive. Maj. Gen. Jody Daniels will be the first woman to take command of the Army Reserve.

WISDOM OF THE WEEK Christina Kanmaz, Manager, Communications and Public Affairs, Global Strategy Group: Never be afraid to change careers at any age nothing is more frightening than stagnating. You'll never know what talents you hold until you explore what you're capable of. I went from an elementary school teacher to a DC lobbyist and often felt embarrassed when people asked me, "What did you do before?" But I've found that most people find my career path fascinating. It may take a while to find your true calling, but never stop searching! Connect with Christina here.

Read more here:

Expletives and outbursts: The real life of a woman in U.S. politics - Politico

The Ugly Terror of a Fascist Abyss Lurks in the Background of This Pandemic – Truthout

There are lessons to be learned regarding how history is reproduced in the present. First, there is the Trump administrations caging of children on the southern border. Second, there is Trumps threat to use dominating force and unleash the National Guard and police upon demonstrators peacefully resisting police violence against people of color. Third, as Jason Stanley points out, there is Trumps relentless language of violence designed both to embolden second amendment gun rights activists toward committing violence and to dehumanize certain populations while attempting to harness the emotion of nostalgia to the central themes of fascist ideology authoritarianism, hierarchy, purity and struggle.

Trumps authoritarian impulses and fascist politics took a dangerous turn when he authorized the use of unmarked, military-clad federal law enforcement shock troops to round up and detain protesters in Portland, Oregon. The troops offered no proof of identification, drove around in unmarked cars, pulled people off the streets with no probable cause, provided no sense of whose directives they were acting under, or who was to be held accountable for their actions. Ted Wheeler, the mayor of Portland, called such actions an attack on our democracy. Speaker of the House Nancy Pelosi tweeted in reference to Portland that, Trump and his storm troopers must be stopped.

We have seen this before under Hitler, Augusto Pinochet in Chile, and in other dictatorships. When such actions appeared in the past, dissidents, demonstrators and intellectuals disappeared, were beaten, tortured and interrogated in undisclosed sites, and in the worse scenarios, were murdered. What has happened in Portland suggests that the war on terror has shifted from abroad to the homeland. Outraged by such actions, Charles Pierce, writing in Esquire, suggests that this may be a trial run for an authoritarian state:

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A major American city is being softly Pinochet-ed in broad daylight. And, if we know one thing, if this president and his administration get away with this, it will only get worse this could be a dry run for the kind of general urban mobilization at which the president has been hinting since this summers protests began. Portland may be a dumbshow for dummies, but it also looks like a dress rehearsal. This is not an authoritarian impulse. This is authoritarian government straight, no chaser. And this administration has a powerful thirst for it. It will do anything if it thinks it can get away with it in order to benefit a president who wants to bring the Republic down on his head. Unmarked vehicles, disappearing people off the streets?

These events mimic, if not recall, an older period in history when Hitler, following the crisis produced by the Reichstag fire, seized upon the ensuing fear, terror and war fever to further consolidate his power. Trump pushing the United States to the edge of fascism in the midst of a pandemic by using the military to stifle domestic protests reinforces the seriousness of growing claims that the United States is moving closer to a full-blown authoritarian state.

A crisis has spread across the globe driven by a pandemic pestilence that exhibits a dystopian presence at odds with any just, prudent and equitable notion of the future. The U.S. is in a state of crisis. This, medical, racial, economic and educational crisis touches every aspect of public life. We are in a new historical period, one that has inherited a neoliberal legacy in which every aspect of society has been transformed and corrupted by the tools of financialization, deregulation and austerity. This is an era in which the scourge of neoliberalism merged with the ideologies of racial cleansing and a politics of disposability an age in which economic activity was divorced from social costs, all the while enabling policies of racial cleansing and white nationalism to become defining features of the public sphere and an established mode of governance.

We are also in a period in which the old social order is in the midst of a legitimation crisis and new political formations are trying to be reborn, to paraphrase the Italian Marxist Antonio Gramsci. Out of this period of uncertainty, new forces for change have appeared evident in the presence of millions across the globe protesting racial injustice and state violence. The COVID plague has produced an age of uncertainty, fragmentation, despair and a dire foreboding about the future. Certainties have been replaced by shared fears. More troubling is the apprehension that the present crisis has an air of longevity about it, constituting a turning point in history. The stark choice of what the future might look like appears to hang between the forces of despotism and democracy. Yet, as real as this foreboding appears, history is open, and how it will unfold remains in the balance. The pandemic is a crisis that cannot be allowed to turn into a catastrophe in which all hope is lost. On the contrary, the pandemic that threatens democracys ability to breathe should also offer up the possibility to rethink politics and the habits of critical education, human agency, values and what life would be like in a democratic socialist society. Amid the corpses produced by neoliberal capitalism and COVID-19, there are also flashes of hope, a chance to move beyond a contemporary resurgence of authoritarianism. This suggests rejecting the normalizing ideologies of a poisonous cynicism and a demobilizing conformity endemic to neoliberal capitalism. It also points to the need to reclaim a vision of a radical politics that is more compassionate, equitable, just and inclusive.

Within a new wave of resistance and rebellion, anti-democratic principles that had been normalized are being questioned with an inspiring sense of collective urgency. This is especially true among people of color and others bearing the burden of economic and political colonialism. The horrors of inequality, compulsory austerity, defunding of public health systems, and the collapse of the economy in 2008 produced by four decades of neoliberalism are finally being acknowledged as the fundamental plague behind the current pandemic. This is a plague marked by egregious degrees of exploitation, unchecked militarism, and a racialized politics of disposability and terminal exclusion in which human beings are viewed as disposable, reinforced if not propelled by an ethos of white nationalism and white supremacy. This long residue of unbridled capitalism is inseparable from its deep-rooted institutionalized racism and a pestilence of disposability, updated into a form of neoliberal fascism.

Fascist principles now operate at so many levels of everyday society that it is difficult to recognize them, especially as they have the imprimatur of power at the highest levels of government. Fascist pedagogical ideas, practices and desires work through diverse social media platforms and mainstream and right-wing cultural apparatuses in multiple ways. This is the space of a pandemic pedagogy that is produced in the workstations and cultural apparatuses that function ideologically and politically to objectify people, promote spectacles of violence, endorse consumerism as the only viable way of life and legitimate a murderous nationalism.

A pandemic pedagogy has emerged in the midst of this plague that makes ignorance a fundamental principle of politics, and in doing so, tends to function so as to erase everything that matters. Pandemic pedagogy works subconsciously as an affective mode of self-sabotage. It legitimates the discourse of hate in everyday exchanges, degrades people of color, promotes thoughtlessness through the ubiquity of celebrity culture, and produces an endless array of authoritarian pedagogical practices that serve to exploit, dominate and depoliticize us. In the pandemic fog of social and historical amnesia, moral boundaries disappear, people become more accepting of extreme acts of cruelty, and willingly submit to propaganda machines that disdain notions of truth and view any viable critique of power as fake news, all the while disconnecting language and policies from their social costs.

This plague of neoliberal fascism is just one pestilence among many. This is a pestilence that engulfs U.S. society as memories of caged children disappear into a vaporized culture of immediacy, the killing of journalists is forgotten, and the lynching of Black bodies is buried beneath the discourse of a post-racial society. In addition, the terror of a fascist politics evaporates in the affective modalities of pleasure and fear, and a rampant culture of political theater and spectacles.

As the underside of fascist politics, pandemic pedagogy closes down the space of translation, and thrives on a machinery of inscriptions that erases the notion that human beings are not only moral and political agents, but also historical subjects capable of both understanding and changing the world. This depoliticizing practice is not only a political and ethical issue but also an educational issue that connects the power of critical understanding to the capacity for action, empowerment and transformation.

Pandemic pedagogy makes clear that the most important forms of domination are cultural, intellectual and pedagogical while embracing the tools of belief and persuasion as appropriate weapons in the struggle over meaning, knowledge, values and identities. This depoliticizing practice is not only a political and ethical issue but also an educational issue that undermines the power of critical understanding to produce the capacity for action, empowerment and transformation. Pandemic pedagogy functions as a propaganda machine to bury what Foucault once called the dramaturgy of the real.

On the other hand, critical pedagogy works to establish a symbolic relationship with the world. It highlights the workings of power and the possibility to use the symbolic and pedagogical dimensions of struggle as weapons in the struggle over power, knowledge, agency and social relations. This is a pedagogy in which the political becomes more pedagogical by taking on the challenge of using the power of persuasion to change the way people see things and resist those ideas and institutions that thrive on the energies of the political zombies. Critical pedagogy deepens the role of the political by including and emphasizing the importance of the struggle over cultural meanings and identities as well as over more narrow political terrains like the workplace, schools and the state. If pandemic pedagogy fuels multiple forms of domination that accelerate the deaths of the unwanted and make social death a self-generated practice, critical pedagogy is the political antidote to such practices.

As a counterpoint to existing pandemic pedagogies, the relationship among education, historical consciousness and political action points to new possibilities for change. And while historical consciousness can be both informative and emancipatory, it can lead to malicious interpretations of the present, as well as elements of history that are difficult to accept. The trajectory of history is not innocent and it needs to be interrogated in order to think through how we can build on it through a process of critique and possibility. At the level of critique, as Angela Davis has suggested, we need to figure out context within which people can understand the nature of U.S. history and the role that racism and capitalism and heteropatriarchy have played in forging that history.

On the more emancipatory and empowering side, critical pedagogy informed by the value of historical consciousness and moral witnessing can uncover dangerous memories and the narratives of those whose voices have been drowned out by those who have the power to write history to serve their narrow and reactionary interests. The greatest pandemic we face is the pandemic of ignorance and the willingness to surrender our power as individual and social agents to those who write the past and present in the scripts of domination. Pedagogy has never been more urgent as a political tool that can offer the resources to challenge the ideological, educational and militant practices deployed by emerging right-wing and fascist groups. Pedagogy is crucial for understanding how power shapes and is reinvented with respect to questions of culture, sexuality, history and political agency.

As a political project, pedagogy is the struggle over those public and private spaces in which peoples everyday lives are aligned with particular narratives, identities, cultural practices and political values. As such, pedagogy is the essential scaffolding of social interaction and the foundation of the public sphere. It is a crucial political practice because it takes seriously what it means to understand the relationship between how we learn and how we act as individual and social agents; that is, it is concerned not only with how individuals learn to think critically, but how they come to grips with a sense of individual and social responsibility. At issue here is the crucial political question of what it means to be responsible for ones actions as part of a broader attempt to be an engaged citizen who can expand and deepen the possibilities of democratic public life. Human agency is inseparable from the formative cultures and pedagogical practices that create the possibility of a mobilized citizenry and radical change.

As such, critical understanding is not just a state of mind but an empowering practice. It is the precondition for social change and pedagogy is crucial in shifting the way people view themselves, others and the larger world. Democracy requires a certain kind of subject who thinks in terms of broader solidarities and is willing to both translate private troubles into larger systemic considerations, to challenge the various threats being mobilized against the ideas of justice, equity and popular sovereignty.

In order to make education central to politics, critical pedagogy should provide the capacities, knowledge and skills that enable people to speak, write and act from a position of agency and empowerment. In addition, it should energize individuals to think differently so they can act differently. For instance, the current mass rebellions against racism, inequality and injustice have embraced the pedagogical task of attempting to recognize those modes of agency, identity and values that have been erased from the script of economic, political and personal rights and freedoms.

Agency is being rethought within a notion of freedom that expands human rights to the realm of economic rights. The notion of agency is severely limited and political and personal rights largely invalidated if one is engaged in a constant struggle to survive economically. In addition, individual freedom under neoliberal capitalism falls on the side of undermining the solidarities needed to live in a socially responsible and just society. As Frank Bruni observes, along the way, we went from celebrating individual liberty to fetishizing it, so that for too many Americans, all sense of civic obligation and communal good went out the window.

We are in the midst of a crisis in which it is crucial for individuals and social movements to learn anew how to take responsibility, to learn how to listen, and to act with vigilance. The pandemics of injustice that are ushering in massive degrees of poverty, exclusion, suffering and death must be resisted with a new understanding of politics and agency.

Moreover, the move from extending the capacities for individual agency must be expanded to a notion of social agency imbued with a sense of collective resistance. In the current historical moment, this points to the necessity to create an international social movement for the defense of public goods and the principles of a democratic socialist society.

The pandemic crisis is much more than a medical crisis. At its core it is both a political and ideological crisis. It is both a crisis of agency and politics. If the radical political horizons of a future society are to be brought into fruition, it is crucial to engage those everyday pedagogical spaces where identities are produced, modes of recognition come into play and critical points of view can be redeemed. The energies of fascism have become less intense, more fragile, and open to challenge as the limits of right-wing and updated fascist populist movements become more visible. As the virus spreads, the merchants of misery and hate have no language to explain or address the ubiquity of death spreading across the planet.

At the heart of the current pandemic crisis is the need for developing a new radical imagination and political language in which the crisis of citizenship is connected to the crisis of education, and the crisis of globalization is situated within the crisis of power.

The most important challenge that the pandemic has produced is not simply how to stop the spread of the virus. We must also ask: What kind of society do we want in the future, how do we want to live and who will be the agents to address these issues? Under what narrative for justice will various resistance movements both domestically and internationally come together to put a stop to the pandemic of poverty, inequality, racism and militarism? The relevance of this challenge hinges on reclaiming the relationship between education and democracy and taking seriously the recognition that the force of education operates in multiple social and public spaces, and those spaces should be places where individuals can realize themselves as informed and critically engaged citizens. The current pandemic follows a wave of right-wing movements and modes of governing that want to destroy any vestige of a democratic imaginary and to relegate the value of ethical and social responsibility and the question of justice to the wasteland of political thought.

The ugly terror of a fascist abyss lurks in the background of this pandemic, one that murders dreams, employs cynicism as commonsense, and prevents people from claiming any democratic sense of moral and political agency. What this dystopian pandemic can teach us is that democracy is fragile as a way of life and that if it is to survive, critical education and pedagogy must become central to producing citizens who are informed, politically aware and willing to produce a culture with the habits and sensibilities that keep a democracy alive.

If the pandemic can teach us that democracy is only as strong as the people who inhabit it and who are willing to struggle to keep justice, equity and the principles of a socialist democracy alive, the ominous clouds of fascism will not prevail in the United States. Democracy needs to breathe again, inspired by the struggle to dismantle the death machine at the heart of empire. Resistance is no longer optional, given that both humanity and the life of the planet are at stake.

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The Ugly Terror of a Fascist Abyss Lurks in the Background of This Pandemic - Truthout

Ethereum Price Rally to $370 Depends on Bitcoins Upcoming Weekly Close – Cointelegraph

On Saturday Bitcoin (BTC) and Ether (ETH) price perked up as BTC briefly pushed above $9,700 and Ether set a 2020 high at $309.

The weekend surge comes as a bit of a surprise as weekends are typically marked by low trading volume and some traders avoid the markets due to the volatility that sometimes accompanies the weekly close.

Crypto market weekly price chart. Source: Coin360

Technicals aside, Ethers rapid ascent to $309 could also be receiving a sentiment boost from the news that the total value of funds locked into decentralized finance platforms (DeFi) reached $4 billion today.

Total value locked (USD) in DeFi. Source: DeFi Pulse

Currently, the top three DeFi platforms are Maker Aave, and Compound with each having $875 million, $639 million and $616 million locked into an assortment of contracts.

Data from DeFi Pulse shows that the decentralized finance sector has grown tremendously in 2020 as the value locked at the start of the year was slightly below $1 billion.

As discussed in a previous market update, Ethers was expected to push toward the $317 level if the Feb. 14, 2020 high at $288.32 was cleared and Saturdays rally to $309 fell just $8 short of topping the resistance cluster extending to $317.

Ether daily price chart. Source: Coin360

After a nearly 30% rally this week, a period of consolidation is to be expected but if bulls find renewed or Bitcoin rallies into the weekly close, there is a possibility that the price could clear $317 and the absence of overhead resistance could see bulls target the 2019 high at $367.

As Ether surged to a new 2020 high, Bitcoin price pushed higher to $9,733. Traders are now watching closely to see if the top-ranked digital asset on CoinMarketCap can surge above the $9,900 level as this would place the price above the long-term descending trendline from the 2017 all-time high.

According to Cointelegraph contributor Michael van de Poppe: A major parabolic move is unlikely to happen so soon, as the price has some untested levels above, namely $9,900 and $10,100.

Van de Poppe further explained that:

The most likely scenario would be a staircase pattern where the price of Bitcoin rallies towards the resistance zone, rejects, and then successfully tests the previous resistance zone for support. Next, the price move is likely to accelerate upward once Bitcoin breaks above the high of $10,100.

At the time of writing Bitcoin price has pulled back slightly from the daily high at $9,733 but the daily chart shows the digital asset continues to notch higher highs and high lows and the price remains above the 20-day moving average.

Bitcoin daily price chart. Source: Coin360

As Bitcoin and Ether pushed higher, a number of altcoins also made significant moves.

Cardano (ADA) surprised investors with a strong 21% upside move to $0.1457, Binance Coin (BNB) also continued to rally with a 5% gain. Litecoin (LTC) followed alongside Bitcoin with a 12.88% move to $49.47.

According to CoinMarketCap, the overall cryptocurrency market cap now stands at $294.6 billion. Bitcoins dominance index currently at 60.5%.

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Ethereum Price Rally to $370 Depends on Bitcoins Upcoming Weekly Close - Cointelegraph

NULS Taps Into Ethereum’s $3 Billion DeFi Dominance With New Integration Strategy – Business Wire

SAN FRANCISCO--(BUSINESS WIRE)--NULS, a modular microservices-based blockchain for enterprise, has outlined a formal strategy to bridge into the decentralized financial (DeFi) world of Ethereum and capitalize off of its surging public interest. Having recently completed phase 1 of its Nerve Network, a decentralized digital asset service network and a blockchain cross-chain interaction protocol, NULS will move to phase 2, which will include staking capabilities for Ethereum-based projects. Using the Nerve Network, NULS will be able to support interoperability with dApps like Compound, Maker and Aave by mid- to late-August.

DeFi applications continue to perpetuate the success of Ethereum, but they are restricted by the layer-1 blockchains slow speeds, limited scalability and landlocked ecosystem. Ethereum is holding $3 billion hostage in DeFi alone, but hardly any DeFi projects plan to exit the ecosystem for fear of losing the intrinsic value of the committed network.

Through Nerve Network, NULS will give DeFi projects a port authority to move assets between the NULS and Ethereum network. Cross-chain capabilities will prompt even more innovation regarding lending applications, yield farming and other DeFi-related activities.

Currently, Nerve Network is adding additional bank nodes that underpin its cross-chain functionality. These nodes will allow users to stake Bitcoin and Ethereum assets and earn Nerve rewards.

Existing Bank Nodes Include:

Additionally, NULS is approaching select exchanges to serve as Nerve Network bank nodes and create soft staking services.

At its completion, Nerve Network will enable Bitcoin and Ethereum custodians to gain staking rewards. said Mario Blacutt (Berzeck), NULS core developer and Nerve Network founder. Specifically, this means we can start approaching exchanges to help build mining pools where all the stationary Bitcoin and Ethereum they hold can start earning Nerve rewards. This is, of course, a huge draw for new users that want to earn tokens simply by holding assets on exchange.

Already, NULS has demonstrated success in enterprise with Chain Factory, a user interface that allows developers to build a new chain or enhance an existing chain by automatically deploying modules selected from a warehouse of endless modular solutions. More than 40 companies are currently building blockchain solutions with help from Chain Factory.

NULS has always supported a multichain vision for blockchain, said Reaper Ran, NULS founder. Our interoperable infrastructure will enhance the entire blockchain ecosystem and present greater opportunities for developers, investors, etc. Right now, all attention is on the value of DeFi. Ethereum is shouldering most of the DeFi applications, but the overall value of the ecosystem is still small relative to the centralized financial world. By expanding DeFi into blockchains like NULS, we hope to enhance this value and accelerate the decentralization of traditional finance.

Nerve Network recently completed an airdrop of tokens to NULS holders, which was supported by several exchanges, including Binance, OKEX, Huobi, KuCoin and more.

About NULS:

NULS is an open-source, enterprise-grade, adaptive blockchain platform that offers fast-track business solutions for developers. Featuring microservices, smart contracts, cross-chain interoperability and instant chain-building, NULS sets a new industry standard in streamlining blockchain adoption.

For more information and updates about NULS microservices-based blockchain visit http://www.nuls.io.

Follow us on Twitter: @NULS

About Nerve Network:

Nerve Network is a decentralized digital asset service network and a blockchain cross-chain interaction protocol based on NULS microservice framework and developed with NULS ChainBox. It aims to break the isolated value island of the blockchain, establish a cross-chain asset interaction network, and provide all the necessary underlying support for the DeFi application ecosystem. Nerve Network lets every digital asset holder enjoy truly secure, free and transparent DeFi application service.

For more information and updates about Nerve Network visit http://nerve.network/

Follow us on Twitter: @nerve_network

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NULS Taps Into Ethereum's $3 Billion DeFi Dominance With New Integration Strategy - Business Wire

Adoption: US banks allowed to hold Bitcoin, Ethereum and Ripple (XRP) for customers – Crypto News Flash

Source: Stockphoto

The secure custody of cryptocurrencies is enormously important for the progress of adoption and the confidence of the population in digital currencies such as Bitcoin, Ethereum or XRP. In the United States of America, it was previously reserved for companies such as Coinbase or Gemini to store cryptocurrencies for their customers. Until now, a government license was required to offer this service.

The Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC) has now published a new letter that clarifies that all licensed banks in the US are allowed to offer custodial services for cryptocurrencies. The letter, dated July 22, 2020, was written by Jonathan Gould, Senior Deputy Comptroller and Senior Counsel, and states in detail that any bank in the country may store and manage the cryptographic keys for wallets for its customers.

This adds an important service to the range of services offered by banks, which could have far-reaching implications for the crypto industry. The letter states that the safekeeping of cryptocurrencies differs in several respects from traditional custody services, as cryptocurrencies do not exist materially, but only on the blockchain:

The OCC recognizes that, as the financial markets become increasingly technological, there will likely be increasing need for banks and other service providers to leverage new technology and innovative ways to provide traditional services on behalf of customers.

Banks should be allowed to offer both fiduciary and non-trustee custody services. The letter also specifies that banks must implement appropriate security measures to ensure the safe custody of customers assets:

Brian Brooks took over as Chairman of the Board of Directors at the beginning of the year. Brooks was previously Chief Legal Officer at the cryptocurrency exchange Coinbase, where he headed the Legal, Compliance, Internal Audit and Government Relations departments and has already proposed a number of reforms that will benefit crypto companies in the country.

Nathan McCauley, CEO of Anchorage, one of the largest providers of custody solutions for cryptocurrencies, sees this as a positive development from which the entire industry will benefit:

The OCC letter is a positive development for the entire crypto industry. A lack of regulatory clarity has been a big roadblock to more institutional activity in crypto, and major pronouncements like this help move the needle.

Mike Novogratz, a multiple billionaire and Bitcoin cop, has been warning for several months that the USA could lose its leading role in the blockchain and fintech sector worldwide. The countrys regulatory authorities must create better location and legal framework conditions that support a climate of innovation and vision in this area and do not hinder progress.

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Adoption: US banks allowed to hold Bitcoin, Ethereum and Ripple (XRP) for customers - Crypto News Flash

Visa to Offer Payments in Bitcoin, Ethereum, Ripple – CryptoTicker.io

The global payment technology company Visa to offer Bitcoin, Ethereum, and Ripple payments. The payment giant hasrevealedthat it has been working jointly with authorized and regulated cryptocurrency platforms like Coinbase to give a platform between cryptocurrencies and its present global network of 61 million retailers.

According to its roadmap, users of standardized platforms such as Coinbase could use Visa Direct to convert cryptocurrencies into fiat. In its announcement, VISA confirms that the arrival of Bitcoin and stablecoins like Tether are a model of business reform that has delivered gains to customers and retailers. In that spirit, they highlight the accelerated development that cryptocurrencies have touched as a payment system. In May 2020, flow with cryptocurrencies touched $10 billion.

The payment giant Visa stated that it has been working closely with authorized and organized digital currency platforms likeCoinbaseand Fold. Around the world, more than 25 digital currency wallets have connected their services to Visa.

The company further stated that users with cryptocurrencies using this service could begin utilizing Visa Direct. This enables customers to make more accelerated payments with cryptocurrencies that can be attached to their Visa cards, in real-time. In extension, Visa explained the significance of itsFastTrackplans to increase its partnership with objects associated with the crypto world. Visa said:

Through these efforts, Visa has become the preferred network for digital currency wallets, which are eager to deepen their value to users by making it quicker and easier to spend digital currency worldwide.

One of the major barriers in VISAs plan is the situation of legislators, regulators, and other jurisdictions. With the thought of securing clients and stopping money laundering, states like the United States apply rigid procedures towards Bitcoin and the crypto market.

In that spirit, VISA announced it is working with lawmakers and global companies to develop the discussion and recognition of cryptocurrencies. The firm asserted its collaboration with the World Economic Forum to bring up suggestions that central banks can include when building a digital currency (CBDC). VISA announced:

We believe that digital currencies have the potential to extend the value of digital payments to a greater number of people and places. As such, we want to help shape and support the role they play in the future of money.

In February 2020,Coinbasehad announced that it has become a Visa principal member. Coinbase is the first company in the crypto-arena to be granted the membership with Visa.

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It seems that the good days are here for Bitcoin. The king of cryptocurrency has finally touched the $10000 mark

Bitcoin price is looking to regain the key psychological level at $9400, which may now drive BTC price to $9500.

The social media platform Twitter had a major security breach on Jul 15, at around 2:16 PM ET, an event

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Visa to Offer Payments in Bitcoin, Ethereum, Ripple - CryptoTicker.io

Bitcoin and Altcoins Correcting Gains, Ethereum Outperforms – Cryptonews

Bitcoin price remained in a bullish zone above the USD 9,550 level. BTC extended its rise above the USD 9,600 level and traded to a new monthly high close to USD 9,650. It is currently (09:00 UTC) correcting gains and it might test the USD 9,400 support zone.Most major altcoins are trading in a positive zone above key supports, including ethereum, XRP, litecoin, bitcoin cash, BNB, EOS, TRX, XLM, and ADA. ETH/USD outperformed BTC and broke the USD 275 resistance. XRP/USD is trading above USD 0.202 and it must clear USD 0.205 for more upsides in the near term.

Total market capitalization

There were further upsides in bitcoin price above the USD 9,550 resistance. BTC traded to a new monthly high near USD 9,650 and recently started a downside correction. It traded below USD 9,550 and USD 9,500. The next major support is near the USD 9,400 level, below which there are chances of a steady decline towards the USD 9,300 level.On the upside, the USD 9,550 level is an initial hurdle for the bulls. The main hurdle is now near USD 9,650, above which the price might continue higher towards USD 9,800.

Ethereum price extended its rally above the USD 270 and USD 275 levels. ETH even spiked above USD 280 before starting a downside correction. The price is now trading near USD 270 and it might continue to correct lower towards the USD 262 and USD 260 levels.To continue higher, the price must gain momentum above the USD 272 and USD 275 levels. The next key resistance is near the USD 280 level.

Bitcoin cash price failed to continue above the USD 240 resistance level. BCH is now trading below the USD 235 and it is approaching the USD 230 support level. If it fails to stay above the USD 230 support, there is a risk of an extended decline towards the USD 222 level. On the upside, the USD 240 level remains a major hurdle.ADA struggled to stay above the USD 0.125 level and declined below USD 0.124. The price is trading near USD 0.122 and it might revisit the USD 0.120 support. Any further losses could lead the price towards the USD 0.118 level.XRP price settled above the USD 0.200 level and it is trading above the USD 0.202 level. On the upside, the price is struggling to clear the USD 0.205 level. If there is a clear break above USD 0.205, there are high chances of a strong increase above the USD 0.208 and USD 0.212 levels.

In the past three sessions, three small altcoins gained over 10%, including FXC, DGB, and ZEN. Conversely, RSR, BNT, BAND, DGTX, KAVA, QNT, LEND, WAVES, ABBC, ALGO, CEL, VLX, and CHSB are down more than 5%.

Overall, bitcoin price is correcting gains below USD 9,550. However, BTC is still trading in a positive zone and it could continue to rise towards the USD 9,650 level or even USD 9,800. Conversely, USD 9,400 might stop the current decline in the near term._____

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Bitcoin and Altcoins Correcting Gains, Ethereum Outperforms - Cryptonews

Sunny Lu: VeChain will overtake Ethereum in market capitalisation – Crypto News Flash

The CEO of VeChain (VET), Sunny Lu, spoke in an interview with Boxmining about the rivalry with Ethereum, the competition from big tech companies and the mass adaptation of VeChain. During the interview with Michael Gu via YouTube, Lu was asked whether the market capitalization of VeChain will overtake that of Ethereum in the future. Lu replied that he always pays full respect to Ethereum and Vitalik, but this is also one of his goals:

Well, I wont stop until we get there. Once again, I pay full respect to Ethereum. I think if you stay long enough in the VeChain community, you know about the fact that when we wrote Salute to Ethereum in our Genesis block [], we wrote So I also pay full respect to Ethereum and Vitalik.

But you know that the record is there to be broken, and you know that the master is there to be surpassed. If we can do that one day, I will be really happy, and I think that also shows that the whole block chain space is really somehow making the breakthrough, because we are talking about mass adaptations, not just the invention of technology, but mass adaptations in the business sector.

On the subject of mass adoption, Lu went on to say that VeChain has grown exponentially since the launch of the mainnet. Contrary to some statements that the crypto space resembles a casino, Lu believes that in a few years it will become clear that at least VeChain is not a casino.

We are doing it. Like I mentioned we continue to boost the payed or valuable transactions coming from the different enterprises like I mentioned Walmart before. I give you some numbers. When we launched the mainnet of VeChain in June 30th of 2018 and we measured the entire mainnet transactions for 2018, the total transactions were half a million, for sixth months.

In 2019, if we look at the transactions numbers, we are talking about 36 million. [] And in 2020 we almost make 100,000 transactions per day. [] And if we keep that kind of speed, we are talking about 360 million per year. I am not saying that today we reached mass adoption, you can call the entire space a casino, fine, but given a couple years if we kind of keep this growth rate at least VeChain not gonna be a casino.

Lu was also asked if he is concerned about companies copying and creating their own version of VeChain. However, according to the CEO, this is not a major threat as VeChain has been on the market for nearly four years and is leading the industry with its technology:

No, not really. Firstly, I am really confident. We have been focusing on this territory for 3 or 4 years. We are leading the way for anyone in the market, for at least a couple of years. Secondly, for enterprises, they are rational. They are not like I wanna override you or compete to you. [] If they find out what VeChain can do [] make the quickest delivery in the market while they try the leading position in the market, why would they?

Specifically referring to the competition from IBM and other big tech companies, Lu said that the market still has a lot of growth potential due to its young age. For example, while IBM has created a food traceability solution for the American Walmart, VeChain has developed a counterpart for the Chinese Walmart.

According to Lu, this use case is also being expanded to include more products in Sams Club and also the suppliers in the supply chain, which could be hundreds or thousands of companies, Lu said. Ultimately, the market is big enough, and VeChain has its advantages even over large tech companies:

Generally speaking, I am not really worried about that kind of situation because right now the market is like so big. Everybody has the opportunity to get big. And so far I am quite confident [] but I assume we have our advantages, our unique features, basically we have a standard tool and best practices making delivery super quick and at lower cost.

Below you can find the full interview with VeChains Sunny Lu.

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Sunny Lu: VeChain will overtake Ethereum in market capitalisation - Crypto News Flash

DeFi Project Spotlight: Matcha and The Robinhood of Ethereum – Crypto Briefing

Key Takeaways

Though activity on decentralized exchanges (DEXes) has been quiet, 2020 has been a breakout year for the crypto primitive. Initially touted as a safer, more secure mechanism for trading crypto, DEXes have nonetheless been challenging to navigate.

Users may enjoy non-custodial trading, but these decentralized alternatives cannot compete with their sleek centralized counterparts.

The clunky user experience was made clearer following the rise of decentralized finance (DeFi). So-called yield farmers who needed to move from asset to asset and platform to platform, often faced high fees and slippage as they sought lucrative returns. Poor efficiency and usability made the new endeavor all the more difficult.

In response, several DEX aggregators have risen to bring together the disparate crypto space. Instead of searching for the best prices, users could come to a handful of platforms to find the best price and execute trades. Creating a DeFi traders one-stop-shop was just the first step, however.

Despite their convenience, these aggregators are a far cry from simple. If cryptos primary objective is still mainstream adoption, abstracting away this complexity is crucial.

Matcha exchange, a front-end to one of the original DEXes, 0x Protocol, is working on this very problem. At once a clean user interface, Matcha also offers new users an educational experience as they navigate the platform.

In this way, Matcha is expanding the DeFi pie and helping onboard the crypto-curious.

0x Protocol is a heavyweight within the niche DeFi ecosystem, playing a pioneering role in shaping DeFi before it grew into the popularity it enjoys today. Matcha is a DEX aggregator built on top of 0x.

Just like other aggregators, Matcha pulls liquidity from several different DEXes including, Uniswap, Curve, Kyber, Oasis, and the 0x Mesh. Matcha is not restricted to on-chain liquidity and can tap into 0xs proprietary off-chain liquidity sources.

However, the 0x Protocol is a liquidity aggregation protocol itself, which means Matcha is more like a front-end for 0x.

The objective behind Matcha is to give regular users the ability to use 0xs liquidity aggregation facility. Using a standalone DEX over an aggregator will almost always result in an inferior price. Matcha provides this service with a focus on superior user experience.

As discussed in the last few Project Spotlights, simple UIs with enhanced user experience are the need of the hour, helping DeFi scale to a broader range of users.

Matchas simplicity is perhaps its most enticing feature. Compared to competing aggregators, the experience of using Matcha is not as daunting for newer users. Its the easiest DEX aggregator to use with a user-friendly interface.

The help section is also filled with basic queries that new users tend to have.

With shortcuts on the homepage, trading on Matcha comes down to just a few clicks. Furthermore, each asset has a short write-up that explains the tokens use case and reason for existence. Essentially, Matcha aims to provide a platform for non-DeFi natives to experience the power of permissionless finance.

Liquidity aggregation is not a new concept by any means. Matcha is the only the latest in a similar round of projects to go live on the Ethereum mainnet.

The biggest competitor for Matcha is 1inch Exchange. Developed at a hackathon in 2019, 1inch has quickly become a DeFi favorite. Some power users have even stopped visiting individual DEX interfaces and swear by 1inch alone.

Its difficult for emerging products to seize market share from incumbents, but its not impossible. 1inch suffers from a common issue in DeFi: high gas prices. Unfortunately, Matcha is not exempt from this.

It costs more to draw liquidity from various sources rather than just one. The more pools from which liquidity is sourced, the more transactions are required to execute the action. Given the high cost of Ethereum transactions as of late, it becomes clear why liquidity aggregation is more expensive.

Effectively, every user must look at the cost of slippage versus transactions. If the slippage between, say, Uniswap and Matcha isnt significant, it makes sense to use Uniswap, which is optimized for lower gas consumption.

To illustrate, lets look at an example. It costs 75 gwei per unit of gas as of the time of writing. Swapping one ETH for USDC results in 242.798 USDC on 1inch exchange, 243.6524 USDC on Matcha, and 243.398 on Uniswap v2.

Matcha has the best price, which is its job as an aggregator. Users still need to consider gas fees, however.

It costs $8.43 in gas to execute the trade on 1inch.exchange.

At $4.11, this transaction on Uniswap was more than a 50% reduction compared to 1inch.

On Matcha, this trade displayed a total cost of $6.6, but only after Matchas $5.16 discount on gas.

Note: MetaMask may show users a higher cost than Matcha estimates for gas. The wallet tends to overestimate transaction costs, but excess fees are credited back to the user wallets.

Matcha is built on 0x, so theres a fee paid to market makers on the protocol who facilitate the transaction.

Without the discount, Matchas trade cost is $11.76, which is the most expensive of the three despite the attractive price of USDC. However, Matcha will continue to offer gas discounts for the foreseeable future, which currently makes it the cheapest aggregator to use.

The end-game for aggregators is their role in reducing slippage. Its a noticeable improvement for traders moving size, but may not be practical for all DeFi users.

The most significant advantage of using Matcha is undoubtedly the user experience. With a clean UI and all functions easy to navigate, its the kind of improvement DeFi has been long due.

Because of the trade-off between slippage and gas, smaller traders need to be conscious of which liquidity product gives them the best deal. For larger traders, however, slippage is always a greater nuisance.

Therefore, using an aggregator is a no-brainer for those trading more than $10,000 to $15,000 per trade.

Building on this, Matcha offers request for quote (RFQ) trades. Instead of submitting an order to source liquidity, a trader can submit a quote for their desired trade with all requisite details.

RFQs are targeted at institutional investors who trade in large amounts or want exposure to rather obscure assets.

The core value proposition of Matcha is inclusivity. For DeFi to truly eat into legacy finance, those who are serviced by the legacy system should be able to transition into DeFi seamlessly. Simple liquidity products like Matcha go a long way in recognizing that vision.

Even if it isnt the end-product that the average Joe will use when onboarded to DeFi, its a step toward the UX overhaul DeFi needs for mass consumption.

As mentioned earlier, Matcha is essentially a dashboard for 0x Protocol. Though 0x offered crypto users their first glimpse into DEXes, there are several other use cases.

These include transferring in-game collectibles, decentralized prediction markets, and many others. It is for this reason that the 0x community has grown so large.

0x lets anyone build any variety of non-custodial marketplaces on top of the technology. And many of these marketplaces, in the form of relayers, have become so large that they serve as liquidity providers for many popular trading pairs.

In terms of non-fungible tokens (NFTs), 0x helps facilitate the exchange of one of the largest crypto games, Gods Unchained. Thanks to 0x, users can buy and sell digital cards earned through gameplay.

Relayers and DIY marketplaces are just a few examples of what users can build using 0x. Matcha fits into this scheme by offering users a clear window into all of these interactions. And so far, many traders are taking notice.

Barely a month after launch, Matcha has facilitated more than $24 million in trades. The exchange is also the fourth largest relayer within the 0x ecosystem, according to 0x Tracker.

Helping to facilitate this growth are several prominent members throughout the Ethereum community. The core team driving Matcha forward is made up of Will Warren, Clay Robbins, John Johnson, and Chris Kalani. Because the underlying technology has long been up and running, the heft of the teams focus has been recruiting exquisite designers.

Matcha exchange boasts one of the cleanest interfaces in DeFi. And after discounting expensive transaction fees on Ethereum, it deserves the attention of every Etherean looking to make speedy token swaps.

Though it does not reinvent the wheel, Matchas intentions are laser-focused. The team has leveraged a battle-tested 0x protocol and an easy-to-use trading platform comparable to centralized exchanges.

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DeFi Project Spotlight: 1inch.exchange, the Trading Router for Decentr...

Project Spotlight: Furucombo

Project Spotlight: Zapper Finance and the DeFi Investor's Dashboard

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DeFi Project Spotlight: Matcha and The Robinhood of Ethereum - Crypto Briefing

VeChain: That s why our governance model is better than Ethereums and Bitcoins – Crypto News Flash

Source: RuskaDesign -Shutterstock

In a new episode of the BootCamp webinar series, VeChains chief scientist, Peter Zhou, discussed the highlights of the VeChainThor blockchain governance model. Compared to Bitcoin and Ethereum, VeChains governance model is especially aimed at business use and creating value for its users. According to Zhou, VeChains governance model follows the elected board design which he summarized as followed:

(VeChains governance model) has a robust detailed design, utilizing a mutually reinforcing mix of legal, cultural, market, and code elements to help steer the collective.

Zhou then explained that VeChains governance model consists of 3 bodies or components: the Steering Committee Board, the Economic Node and X Node operators. In that sense, Zhou explained that the first component is in charge of managing daily operations, proposing and voting on critical changes (for example, the price of Gas for validating transactions in VeChainThor). Additionally, board members can decide whether a proposal is submitted to a shareholder vote.

On the blockchain, however, the majority of the voting rights are held by the nodes. The new governance introduced in December 2019 gives the majority of votes and authority back to the community by giving Economic Node and X Node operators a voting right that can account for up to 60% of votes. The remaining 40% of the votes are held by the owners of the Authority Masternodes

The individual voting power varies in relation to the number of tokens a user has and the time he has kept them. The minimum vote for any user is 1 and the maximum number of votes is held by the Authority Masternodes, as shown in the following chart.

Source: https://medium.com/@thomasbcox/walk-through-of-vechain-governance-d3453a1987a6

Finally, the chief scientist of VeChain explained that the Steering Committee Board makes decisions about all emergencies in the network. In this sense, the members have the possibility to take temporary measures, but decisions with greater weight still require the votes of the shareholders, even if they are only approved for a limited period of time.

In contrast, Bitcoins governance model makes its decisions through proposals that are approved by the core developers. Then, the proposals are put to a vote on-chain and the miners decide if the proposal is implemented. This occurs through a soft or hard fork. However, as stated in by VeChains Zhou, proposed changes are not implemented because of a lack of consensus with the core developer community.

On the other hand, Ethereums governance model has similarities with Bitcoin. The changes are proposed by the developers and have to be approved by the miners. However, Zhou also criticized the lack of transparency regarding the Ethereum governance model and the way decisions are made. Specifically, he criticized the plutocratic decision-making at Ethereum and the lack of a mechanism for community participation in decision-making.

One of the advantages of VeChains governance model is that the Steering Committee Board members who make the most important decisions can be elected. In that sense, there is greater transparency about who proposes changes, who can vote and how many votes a given stakeholder has.

Below you can see the full episode of VeChains webinar:

Originally posted here:

VeChain: That s why our governance model is better than Ethereums and Bitcoins - Crypto News Flash

Ethereum Price Spikes After Visa Stablecoin Announcement – Heavy.com

GettyThe photo shows a physical imitation of a Ethereum cryptocurrency in Dortmund, western Germany, on January 27, 2020.

The price of Ether (ETH) has soared following an announcement by Visa that it is focusing more on stablecoins. Ether is the name of the cryptocurrency that runs on the Ethereum blockchain, which is a popular choice for stablecoin movement. Ethers price jump also tracked a Bitcoin price increase, along with other developments within the Ethereum blockchain.

A look at Coindesks price chart for Ethereum for the past week reveals a spike in price just over the last couple of days. The coin was priced below $240 at the beginning of the week and now its up to $286.22 as of the time of publication. The difference is even greater when viewed for the last month, when the coin was at a low of about $220 on June 28. The coins price is now just slightly above its highest price for the past year, which occurred on February 14 at about $284. Of course, this is all much lower than its pinnacle in 2018, when the coin hit $1,405 in early January 2018. Many cryptocoins dropped in late 2017/early 2018.

Ethers jump coincided with a jump in the price of Bitcoin, Decrypt reported. Ethers price spike was also likely due to growth in DeFi trading protocols and the increasing popularity of stablecoins, Decrypt reported. On July 23, nearly $180 million of Bitcoin was locked on the Ethereum blockchain, Decrypt reported.

Ethereum is the popular blockchain for stablecoins, which has led to the Ethereum blockchain moving more value a day than Bitcoin, Decrypt noted. So positive stablecoin announcements will also have a positive effect on Ethers price.

On July 22, Visa announced that it was expanding to support new forms of commerce, including fiat-backed digital currencies known as stablecoins. Visa noted that these digital currency wallets would support all of Visas capabilities, including Visa Direct. One of Visas recent innovations involved a research team working on Zether, which is an Ethereum smart contract.

CoinTelegraph also reported that the gains in Ether were likely from increasing use of stablecoins and the increasing use of DeFi applications. CoinTelegraph noted that the final testnet for Ethereum 2.0 is happening on August 4. This is a network upgrade.

Bitcoins price has also increased recently, according to Coindesk. It hit a high of $9,638 on Friday and has shown an overall steady increase in price all week, after starting around $9,160. Bitcoins prices are volatile, seeing highs and lows over the past three months. The price doesnt currently match its price from nearly a year ago when it reached nearly $12,000 in early August 2019, but its grown a lot since it dropped to just below $5,000 in mid-March, 2020. Bitcoins highest price was in late 2017.

Heres a look at what Ether is, according to Coindesk:

Ether is the cryptocurrency built on top of the open source Ethereumblockchain, which runs smart contracts. The cryptocurrency acts as a fuel that allows smart contracts to run unlike bitcoin, which is meant to be a unit of currency on a peer-to-peer payment network. Ethers supply is not capped like that of bitcoin and its supply schedule, often described as minimum necessary to secure the network, is determined by members of Ethereums community. A majority of decentralized applications are based on Ethereum and the cryptocurrency accounts for the highest percentage of the total funds staked in the DeFi projects. Ethereum is scheduled to make a transition to proof-of-stake mechanism from the current proof-of-work mechanism in the later half of 2020.

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Ethereum Price Spikes After Visa Stablecoin Announcement - Heavy.com

Ethereum (ETH) Up $7.11 On 4 Hour Chart, Entered Today Up 9.32%; in an Uptrend Over Past 14 Days – CFDTrading

Ethereum 4 Hour Price Update

Updated July 26, 2020 01:36 AM GMT (09:36 PM EST)

Ethereum is up 2.39% ($7.11) since the previous 4 hours, marking the 3rd candle in a row it has gone up. Ethereum outperformed all 5 assets in the Top Cryptos asset class since the previous 4 hours.

Ethereum came into today up 9.32% ($26.07) from the open of the day prior, marking the 5th day in a row an upward move has occurred. As for how volume fared, yesterdays volume was up 27.92% from the previous day (Friday), and up 610.33% from Saturday of the week before. Out of the 5 instruments in the Top Cryptos asset class, Ethereum ended up ranking 2nd for the day in terms of price change relative to the day prior. The daily price chart of Ethereum below illustrates.

Trend traders will want to observe that the strongest trend appears on the 14 day horizon; over that time period, price has been moving up. For additional context, note that price has gone up 9 out of the past 14 days.

Behold! Here are the top tweets related to Ethereum:

People misunderstand why high fees are bullish for #Ethereum:Its not the fees themselves. Devs will do whatever they can to reduce them via L1 and L2 scaling (though fees may rise again).Its the fact that the users are willing to pay them to use Ethereum in the first place.

I think ETH is going to climb to $10,000 in three yearsSay you have 100 @ethereum. Thats currently worth $28000 dollars..You start staking and make 5% passive income. Thats 5 ETH in the first year. Thats 5.25 ETH in year two. Thats 5.5 ETH in year three. read on

Its my bday today!!! The past year has been the best time of my life! (my entry in the Ethereum ecosystem is 30th July 2019)sooo much more to do, the best is yet to comeCouldnt be more grateful to anyone I met on here(when I get 30+ longevity investing ftw)

As for a news story related to Ethereum getting some buzz:

Elastos Ethereum Sidechain to Offer a Cross-Chain Stablecoin Powered by Chainlink Oracles

The Cyber Republic ETH Task Force will deploy an ELA/USD decentralized price feed using Chainlinks Price Reference Data framework as the basis for collateralization checks on users Collateralized Debt Positions (CDPs), thereby ensuring full stablecoin collateralization.Chainlinks Price Reference Data model is designed for building decentralized oracle networks, and has been proven to provide users with reliable service and industry-leading security. Beyond Elastos stablecoin, developers can use Chainlink Price Reference Data feeds to launch additional DeFi products on Elastos for lending and borrowing, synthetic assets, asset management, tokenization, and much more.

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Ethereum (ETH) Up $7.11 On 4 Hour Chart, Entered Today Up 9.32%; in an Uptrend Over Past 14 Days - CFDTrading

A Beginners Guide to Bitcoin Trading Price Prediction 2020-2025 – News Alarms

Is Bitcoin a Good Investment?

Historical index for the Bitcoin price prediction: B+ Should I invest in Bitcoin CryptoCurrency? Should I buy BTC today? According to our Forecast System, BTC is a good long-term (1-year) investment*. Bitcoin predictions are updated every 3 minutes with latest prices by smart technical analysis. Q&A about BTC projections. See Our Other ForecastsAt News Alarms, we predict future values with technical analysis for wide selection of digital coins like Bitcoin. If you are looking for virtual currencies with good return, BTC can be a profitable investment option. Bitcoin price equal to 9159.000 USD at 2020-07-20. If you buy Bitcoin for 100 dollars today, you will get a total of 0.01092 BTC. Based on our forecasts, a long-term increase is expected, the price prognosis for 2025-07-19 is 14139.20 US Dollars. With a 5-year investment, the revenue is expected to be around +54.37%. Your current $100 investment may be up to $154.37 in 2025.

About Bitcoin Price Prediction 2020-2025

Bitcoin price prediction for July 2020.

In the beginning price at 9136 Dollars. Maximum price $9950, minimum price $8491. The average for the month $9180. Bitcoin price forecast at the end of the month $9144, change for July 0.1%.

BTC to USD predictions for October 2020.

In the beginning price at 8770 Dollars. Maximum price $10267, minimum price $8770. The average for the month $9351. Bitcoin price forecast at the end of the month $9595, change for October 9.4%.

Bitcoin Price Prediction 2021

Bitcoin has been performing quite well and recently it has started with its bull run. This has taken the market by amazement. Now the traders and investors are in a state where they are trying to make optimum utilization of the bull run. The more the trading, the more the price. Moreover, as we know, Bitcoins are scarce in circulation, i.e. there can be only 21 million Bitcoins mined, out of which 17 million has been mined already, which means only 4 million to be mined, which will make its value more. Additionally, several countries like the U.S., Japan, and South Korea have shown extreme willingness to integrate Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies into their financial systems by setting up regulated markets that might function freely and securely. By the end of the year 2021, the Bitcoin price will reach $23,499.

Bitcoin Price Prediction 2022

Bitcoin might experience unexpected growth by 2022, with the adoption rate getting tripled. Bitcoin might be accepted by the masses worldwide as the most feasible payment system, which is hassle-free. Bitcoin anyway is not far off before it takes the sweet spot for fiat currencies, and most of the developed world might see the change coming in faster than the rest. By 2022, Bitcoin might reach $32,000, given the advancements are stable.

Bitcoin Price Prediction 2025

Bitcoin price prediction suggests that the Bitcoin price is up for a long-term 385.450281% in the BTC price value with a 5-year investment. This means that in 2025, the Bitcoin price is forecasted to stand at $ 50044.6. (Bitcoin Future Prediction)

Bitcoin might touch the $50k mark in the year 2025, which can take the crypto market to a whole different height altogether. As per the predictions and analysis, Bitcoin stays securely to number one position, without any close contender. Gradually, Bitcoin might be seen more as a store of value, along with it being an alternative currency. There are certain Bitcoin price prediction tools that help experts come up with data. The fiat currencies might be replaced by Bitcoin, as predicted by crypto enthusiasts like John McAfee.

By 2025, Bitcoin might be used more often by more people, i.e, the real-time use case will be increased, which will make it even more powerful.

Bitcoin Bullish Scenario After Bitcoin Halving

Bitcoin went bullish after the third Bitcoin halving on May 11, 2020. That was a breakout of the major trendline above $14k mark, which happened back in 2017. Under a key level of $10k, the Bitcoin price showed extreme volatility. 4 years back, when the 2nd bitcoin halving took place, Bitcoins price showed volatility as well, as it surged not right after the halving process, but over the course of next year to reach as high as $2526 on July 2017.

Short Term Bearish Scenario Post Bitcoin Halving

There was a short term bearish scenario as several Bitcoin investors estimated BTC to fall as low as $6500. As per Dave the Wave, a BTC trader, if the price of Bitcoin continues to move based on a fractal taken from 2019, it might pullback to the $6000 region. Cryptocurrency investor, Scott Melker said, the market observed a strong shakeout on May 10, when the price of BTC suddenly dropped to $8,100.

Bitcoin Halving Explained

Bitcoin Halving is the phenomenon in which the miner reward keep on halving, or decrease by 50% after every four years, which happens after mining 210,000 blocks. Satoshi, the creator of Bitcoin wanted to create a system that would be self-sustaining, similar to gold mining. So, in order to control supply, he came up with the method of Bitcoin halving. The 3rd Bitcoin Halving just got over, a few days back., where the block reward reduced from 12.5 BTC to 6.25 BTC. The crypto space was filled with hysteria, as prior to the halving process, Bitcoin touched the 10,000 USD mark.

I cover market structure for News Alarms, specifically how the bond, derivatives, and cryptocurrency markets work or dont.

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A Beginners Guide to Bitcoin Trading Price Prediction 2020-2025 - News Alarms

More than 1,000 Twitter employees had the security access needed to aid hackers – IT PRO

UPDATE: Over 1,000 Twitter employees and contractors are said to have had access to the same internal tools that are believed to have allowedcyber criminals to obtain control over36 high-profile accounts, according to two former Twitter employees.

Speakingto Reuters, the former staff members familiar with Twitter security practices said that, in early 2020, theseemployees had the power to make changes to user account settings as well as hand over the controls to other parties.

The number includes not only permanent Twitter staff, but also contractors from American IT services provider Cognizant, raisingquestions as to why so many people were given such widereaching security privileges.

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The former employees also told Reuters that, despite last weeks breach, the companys security policy is still animprovement on procedures operated during their time at the company. Twitter had decided to crack down on breaches by logging the activity of its staff following an incident in November 2019, when an employee was caught allegedly spying for the Saudi Arabian government.

According to Ilia Kolochenko, founder and CEO of web security company ImmuniWeb, the attack was"enhanced by exploitation of other weaknesses in Twitters internal security.

It is not excluded that the attackers were assisted by an insider or were exploiting a high-risk vulnerability detected in one of Twitter's web systems. Otherwise, we may reasonably infer that Twitter has virtually no internal security controls and best practices that we should normally expect from a tech company of its size, he said.

Meanwhile, on a call to investors on Thursday, Twitter Chief Executive Jack Dorsey admitted to missteps:

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We fell behind, both in our protections against social engineering of our employees and restrictions on our internal tools, he said.

23/07/2020: Cyber criminals who targeted 130 accounts as part of last weeks major Twitter hack gained access to the private communications of up to 36 account holders, the company has confirmed.

Among the targeted individuals, hackers compromised 45 accounts to the extent they were able to send tweets, and a fourth 36 had their direct messages accessed, according to the firm. It's believed at least eight accounts had their archived account data accesed through the Your Twitter Data tool, which holds the entirety of their account activity, although none of these eight accounts are verified on the platform.

Twitter hasnt indicated whether there's any overlap between those whose accounts were compromised, those whose DMs were accessed, and those whose archived data wasdownloaded.

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Several high-profile individuals, including former US President Barack Obama and democratic frontrunner Joe Biden were among those involved in the hack, evidenced by a number ofTweets promoting a fraudulent Bitcoin buy-back scheme,suggestingthesewere among the 45. Other accounts tweeting in such a way included Jeff Bezos, Bill Gates, and other prominent business figures.

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The fraudulent tweets described a scheme in which any Bitcoin donated to a specific wallet would be returned to the user doubled. To date, the scam has attracted396 Bitcoin transactions worth more than 96,000 in all.

Generally, should a hacker gain full control of an account to the point they could send tweets, they would also be able to read previously sent direct messages, or even send new ones with ease.

Twitter, however, has insisted that just one elected official, an unnamed Dutch politician, was among those whose DMs were accessed. There is currently no indication, the company added, that any other former or current elected officials had their DMs accessed, ruling out the likes of Obama or Biden as being among the 36.

Although attackers gained full control over some accounts, Twitter has said they would have been unable to view previous passwords as these are not stored inplain text. It added that even with access to internal tools hackers would still have been unable to view these.

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Hackers were, however, able to view personal information, including email addresses and phone numbers, which are displayed to some employees who have access to internal company support tools.

Of the accounts that were taken over,hackerswere able to view what Twitter has described as additional information. The company added its forensic investigation of these activities is still ongoing.

McAfee founder John McAfee, meanwhile, has suggested his own Twitter account has been either hacked or frozenin the past 12 hours, with some tweets disappearing or seen by only a handful of individuals. It's unclear whether these reports are related with last week's major hack.

As the probe continues, Twitter said it would further secure its systems to prevent future attacks, and roll out additional company-wide training to guard against social engineering tactics.

This story was updated on 24/07/2020

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More than 1,000 Twitter employees had the security access needed to aid hackers - IT PRO

Building Community Power in a White Supremacist Country – The Nation

Teachers march in support of the community control board during the Ocean HillBrownsville teacher dispute, October 1, 1968. (Louis Liotta / New York Post Archives / NYP Holdings, Inc., via Getty Images)

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In late May, as the national uprising against police brutality forced on America a crash course in defunding and abolishing the police, another concept also began circulating: community control.Ad Policy

This likely drew a few blank stares, and not without reason: Community control sounds utopian, even in a federalist country like ours that leaves great autonomy to the states. But its not a new idea, and its not only relevant to our current crisis of a law enforcement regime unaccountable to the people it polices. Community control proposes that the institutions people depend upon should be controlled by community members working in cooperation, not private individuals, corporate shareholders, or government bureaucrats.

Weve known for decades that the things that our communities really need to be healthy and safe not only arent being invested in, but are actually being starved of resources, said Monifa Bandele of the Movement for Black Lives Policy Table. Thats why the Movement for Black Lives has made community control a key plank in its Vision for Black Lives platform, demanding community control of the laws, institutions, and policies that are meant to serve usfrom our schools to our local budgets, economies, police departments, and our land.

To begin building community control in the 21st century, activists can look to experiments dating back centuries that have attempted to address systemic inequality and build Black power across different areas of American life, including land, work, education, and law enforcement. Successive Black freedom movements have advocated or enacted versions of community control, from the Abolitionists through the civil rights era, the New Left and the Black Power movement.

Examining key experiments in community control from the not-so-distant pastone that attempted to build power outside existing institutions, and one that aimed squarely at the structures standing in the way of Black empowermentreveals both its potential as a tool for abolishing systemic racism and the challenges the model faces for enacting transformative change. These reflect the larger question that motivated the earlier experiments: How to end systemic racism when it is baked into every crumb of American life?

The idea, if not the reality, of direct, democratic control over the institutions that shape our lives was present at our countrys founding. Despite the varied inspirations for community control in the United StatesBritish socialism, utopian communes, intentional communitiesthe most important of these is the history of black organized communities of the nineteenth century, political scientist James DeFilippis writes in Unmaking Goliath: Community Control in the Face of Global Capital. These trailblazing efforts emerged at a time of great discrimination and oppression in order to pool the limited resources of individuals toward collective aims: surviving slavery, racial violence, discrimination, and poverty, as the political economist Jessica Gordon Nembhard describes in Collective Courage: A History of African American Cooperative Economic Thought and Practice.

Until the end of the Civil War, Black fugitive slaves ran communes where they educated themselves, made a living, managed communal farms, and organized abolitionist resistance along the Underground Railroad. Black urban communities collected dues from members to establish their own schools, health benefits, and social welfare. Turning inward and working together, these organizations were born of necessity, and similar mutual aid efforts have also emerged in other communities neglected and targeted by racist society, such as Chinese and Mexican immigrants in the 19th and 20th century.Current Issue

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The early Black cooperative organizations became a springboard for cooperative businesses and trade unions, as W.E.B. Du Bois observed in 1907. He argued that maintaining economic self-sufficiency through collective ownership and control was essential for Black peopleand all Americansto achieve racial equality in a society defined by white supremacy, and a fundamentally unequal economic system. Cooperation would weld the majority of our people into an impregnable, economic phalanx, he wrote in 1933.

But by the 1960s, it was obvious that America still wasnt meeting the basic needs of Black Americans. In 1968, a global influenza was killing 100,000 in the United States, cities across the country were roiled with mass disturbances following the assassination of Martin Luther King Jr., and Richard Nixon was riding a wave of pent-up white rage to the White House. In this volatile climate, the civil rights, Black Power, and New Left movements revisited the notion that cooperation, collective ownership, and community governance could give poor, marginalized people more control of their lives, and by extension, more power.

In Southwest Georgia, civil rights activists had been registering Albanys Black voters and organizing sit-ins, boycotts, mass meetings, and demonstrations against the citys segregated bus stations through the 60s, but by decades end, they hadnt yielded many concrete improvements in Black peoples standard of living. The activists began building islands of Black self-determination to strengthen their position within the seas of white supremacy. We were trying to organize people in the rural area, and we knew the struggle, one of the activists, Shirley Sherrod, told me for a story I reported for Harpers Magazine.

The Black community lacked wealth, and farming is hard, low-paying, capital-intensive work. It was even more difficult for Black farmers who were discriminated against by banks, the USDA, and other institutions. Waves of Black farmers lost their land and went out of business during this era, as the historian Pete Daniel describes in Dispossession: Discrimination Against African American Farmers in the Age of Civil Rights. Sherrod knew that racial equality would remain elusive so long as Black people lacked economic clout and stability. In 1968, after visiting Israel to study different land communities, Albanys civil rights activists began a cooperative venture on collectively owned land. We were thinking that we would develop something so that we would never lose the land, Sherrod said.

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New Communities, a Black-led, multiracial cooperative farm, broke ground in 1969 on 6,000 acres of land near Albany. It is widely considered to be the first Community Land Trust, a model of landholding that places the land in a trust that is governed by a board of community members, managed by a nonprofit, and used for whatever the community chooses, whether thats housing, small businesses, cultural spaces, gardens, parks, or farms. Maximizing the communitys resources and spreading the risks across the collective, community control of land ensures that the land remains in the communityand for the communitybeyond the lifespan, efforts, whims, or fate of any one individual. New Communities was then the largest tract of Black-owned land in the United States.

This was not an intentional community, those enclaves of like-minded individuals that were popular in the 60s. Enmeshed in the civil rights movement, collective ownership and control was a way to buttress the economic power of its members. Collectively, they grew soybeans, peanuts, corn, peas, strawberries, collard greens, okra, and eight acres of muscadine grapes. They sold some of it in the New Communities store, along with syrup they made from their own sugarcane, and ham, bacon and sausage they cured in their own smokehouse, from the hundreds of hogs they raised. You can sustain better because its a group thing, said Gerald Holley, the resident storekeeper and meat-smoker, who later ran his own shoe business. Its not an individual companyone man holding up the company.

Robert Christian, the former treasurer of New Communities, examines some of the muscadine grapes that he grows on his farm outside of Albany, Ga., in 2001. The muscadines are siblings of the original vines grown at New Communities, once the largest Black-owned tract of land in the nation. (Ric Feld / AP Photo)

The collective spirit of New Communities also protected them against the hostility of their white neighbors. They didnt want to see the new community succeed, Holley told me, but the white racists still bought cigarettes and gas from their store. But they were still a relatively small Black-run outfit in a hostile white-run state. In 1969, the government reneged on a grant they had promised to help New Communities buy the landSherrod believes they caved to white oppositionand the farmers were forced to take out a private loan. When severe droughts began in 1981, the USDA denied them a loan to install irrigation, despite approving nearby white farmers for similar financingpart of a pattern of racial discrimination that became the focus of Pigford vs. Glickman, the Supreme Court case that produced the largest civil rights settlements in US history. Within their 6,000 acres, New Communities farmers had achieved a measure of autonomy that mightve eluded them as individuals, but their island wasnt completely protected from the whims of the wider world. Unable to pay their mortgage, they foreclosed in 1985.

As an experiment in building power apart from existing institutions, New Communities shows the often-insurmountable barriers such efforts at self-determination face. But it has proved even more difficult to establish community control over existing institutions head-on. Following Brown vs. Board of Education, New York City failed to integrate its public schools: Black children bused into white neighborhoods were greeted with fierce white opposition, schools in Black and brown neighborhoods were overcrowded and underfunded, and the mostly white teachers union, the United Federation of Teachers, blocked efforts to encourage the best teachers to take assignments there. Parents also saw the mostly white teachers and principalsonly 1 percent of principals and 8 percent of teachers in the citys schools were Blackpunishing their children for being disruptive, rather than treating them with patience, empathy, and care. So instead of waiting for complacent white politicians and administrators to change the system, they began seeking a more formal role in hiring, firing, and day-to-day management of their schools.

Their organizing worked. In 1967, the city set up three experimental community control school districts: one in Harlem, one in lower Manhattan, and one in Ocean Hill-Brownsville, a Black and Puerto Rican neighborhood in Central Brooklyn. Under community control, parents in each district elected a governing board that could hire superintendents and principals, decentralizing powers once concentrated in the Board of Education. Though supported by the citys liberal elites and shaped by the Ford Foundationcommunity control would boost the self-esteem and boot-strapping capacities of Black people without threatening the power of white communities, they thoughtthe plan soon drew the ire of the UFT. It threatened their control over the citys schools, including a contract clause they were seeking from the Board of Education to allow teachers to remove disruptive children from schools. So in May 1968, when the Ocean HillBrownsville community control board transferred 19 teachers and administrators out of their district, claiming they were hostile to community control, the UFT objected. And when classes started in September, the union called a citywide teacher strike, shutting down all of New York Citys public schools for ten weeks.

The events stoked deep, long-lasting racial divisions in New York City and Americas progressive movements. For the UFT, the communitys reaction to the strike was just union-busting. In Ocean HillBrownsville, the multiracial teaching staffhired by the community control board, and backed by Black and brown parents, the Ocean HillBrownsville community, civil rights leaders, and the Afro-American Teachers Associationcrossed the picket line each day to keep their schools open. The daily spectacle of activists, community members, journalists, and police became a flashpoint of racial tensions in the city, as New Yorks white middle-class rallied around the union, and Black and brown New Yorkers coalesced around Ocean HillBrownsville leaders. But the UFT didnt let up. Only once the city reinstated the transferred teachers and ended the community control experiment in mid-November was the strike called off.

A skirmish between community members and police during the Ocean HillBrownsville teachers strike, October 9, 1968. (AP Photo)

For the Black Power movement, the Ocean Hill-Brownsville struggle was yet another instance of a progressive white institution reversing course on its civil rights commitments the moment it meant giving up any power. Echoes of community control still exist, if watered-down, in the citys school districtsin 1969, New York State passed a UFT-backed decentralization bill that created 30 new elected school boards without giving them much control. But for Mark Winston Griffith, cohost of School Colors, a podcast that examines the afterlives of Ocean HillBrownsville, and an organizer who has helped to launch a community-controlled bank and grocery store in Central Brooklyn, Ocean HillBrownsville also highlighted the immense challenges of establishing community controland negotiating varied, sometimes-clashing aimswithin large, diverse communities.

Its a challenge that any community control experiment will face in taking on an entrenched institution. Powerful white opposition can quash any new community control experiment, as it did to New Communities and Ocean HillBrownsville. Governments and institutions can co-opt community control rhetoric or structures without redistributing real power to the people, like the 1969 decentralization law.

Shirley Sherrod at the Department of Agriculture in 2010. (Mark Wilson / Getty Images)

Yet New Communities was also an unlikely success. After its end, Shirley Sherrod spent two decades assisting countless black farmers through the Federation of Southern Cooperatives/Land Assistance Fund, a nonprofit association of Black farmers and cooperatives founded in 1967. Under Obama, she became the USDAs first black rural development director in Georgiaa radical shift for the agency she once sued. (Sherrod was infamously forced from her position at the USDA after the Obama administration caved to outcry over a doctored video clip. When the full clip was made public, the USDA offered Sherrod a new job, which she declined).

Also, New Communities birthed a new model of landholding that other communities continue to modify, strengthen, and adapt. Two hundred and sixty CLTs are thriving in the United States today, meaning that the experiment never truly ended.

In a way, the current push for community control over police is an amalgam of the inside-outside approaches: defunding police departmentstargeting an existing institution that is harming Black communitiesallows people to build their own institutions to meet their needs. Control is essential to our platform, because thats about self-determination, the Movement for Black Lives Bandele explains. If you dont control the institutions that are critical to your life, to your existence, then you cannot survive. You cant thrive.

Activists are divided on the real meaning of community control when it comes to law enforcement, and how such control would relate to the calls to defund or abolish the police. In 1971, the city of Berkeley voted down the Black Panther Partys program for community control of police, which proposed the formation of elected civilian review boards to investigate police shootings, in a referendum. This version of community control of police remains the most well-known, and civilian review boards have been criticized by the abolish camp as largely symbolic, vulnerable to cooptation by pro-police interests, and attempting to tweak a fundamentally oppressive institution without giving the people any real control.

But its not the only program. After the Ferguson uprising in 2014, Max Rameau and his Pan-African Community Action (PACA) began formulating a proposal for Community Control of Police that has since become a central campaign of the National Alliance Against Racist & Political Repression. It proposes a directly elected, all-civilian council with full or final authoritynot just the right to offer inputover police policy, budgets, disciplinary measures, hiring and firing (including of the police chief), full access to all investigations, and negotiations with police unions. By granting real power over these essential functions to the civilian council, communities can choose to completely overhaulto abolish and remaketheir police. Whats missing from this brief, skeletal proposal are answers to the litany of questions that people often raise: How will communities handle violence? Can I send my children to the playground and expect them to return unscathed? How do we deal with the barrage of fireworks exploding through the night on our block?

We need you to reimagine public safety in your communityRameau and PACA give this directive to communities they engage on the proposal. Its a prompt for people to figure out what safety would mean outside of a world that only knows to punish people for social violations, and an indication that this program might be more accurately described as community control of public safety. Imagine that you have 100 organizers. They all have cars. They have walkie-talkies. They could have guns. They dont have to have them, but they could have them. Its up to you, he continues. Theyre all wearing uniforms. You know who they are. How would you use them to improve your community?

No one ever suggests catching truant kids and putting them in jail, he reports. No one says they need military-grade weapons or tanks. Most envision safety and security as someone picking up elderly people from the supermarket in the winter, so theyre not waiting for the bus in the cold, or someone finding out why a homeless person is on the street, and then helping them to address the root cause.

These answers still leave conspicuous blank spaces in the same spots where our collective imaginations usually fail, but the point of sticking with the exercise is to fill them in. We have good answers for why you shouldnt call the police, Rameau says. Namely, that they are instruments of terror for poor communities, even if they are also sometimes protectors. But we dont have an answer for what to do when somethings legitimately happening to you, and you need some help and support. And we need to build that, he said. We need to get people to a viable alternative.

That is what New Communities created: not just a commitment to reimagine the world but an actual model that, despite its limitations, has allowed hundreds of communities to fill in the blanks, improve on the model, and collectively build a different system for the nation, one plot at a time. Im not opposed to the idea of defunding, said Rameau. Defunding is a crucial step to achieving public safety, but in the era of New Communities and Ocean Hill-Brownsville, police budgets were half what they are today, and police were still abusive because of who held the power, he said. Yet power is the reason Rameau doesnt use the term abolition, even if his end goal sounds suspiciously abolitionist: a system of public safety controlled by the people most brutalized and oppressed by police today, and so radically different from existing police that it shouldnt be called police. The real question is: Has power shifted?

A march against police violence through the West End of Detroit on July 11, 2020. (Matthew Hatcher / Getty Images)

One thing hasnt changed since the late 60s, or even the 19th century: power remains concentrated in Americas wealthy white communities. But since that era, proponents of neoliberalism have also steadily strengthened the power of corporations, at the expense of collective and public institutions. Prisons have been privatized. The private security industry is ballooning, globally and in the United States, with bodyguards and private patrols protecting shopping malls, luxury hotels, gated communities, and the 1 percent. Without a viable alternative like the one Rameau seeks, its not hard to imagine this industry absorbing the functions of public police, but with less accountability, fewer restrictions, and, by extension, more brutality. Walmart is not going to say, Well, theres no police here, I guess well take whatever losses come.

The divergence between community control of public safety and abolition seems to reflect the same question that animated the movements of the late 60s: Do we get to our goala world structured by principles of justiceby targeting, outwardly, the oppressive system, or by building our own power and, through it, our own alternative? Yet if theres a lesson to draw from the earlier community control experiments, it is that each approach also requires the other. Decentralization, a goal shared by right-wing libertarians, leaves intact the seas of white supremacy, while community control mechanisms, like civilian boards, risk being corrupted or co-opted by reformist agendas. If abolish doesnt carry this risk, thats because it doesnt offer a formal alternativea proposed roadmap, how ever imperfect, that doesnt just lead away from injustice, but toward a more fair society.

With no models of community-controlled public safety at a large scale in the United States, we are ultimately limited by the road maps we create. We want to be visionary and think about things that can and should work, says Rameau. Not to say, Were going to limit ourselves to the things that weve seen already work.

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Building Community Power in a White Supremacist Country - The Nation

Kibbo wants to remake the RV park so #vanlife can be a life and not a lifestyle – TechCrunch

Colin ODonnell was already rethinking the notion of what makes cities and communities function even before the COVID-19 epidemic swept through the U.S. and revealed some of the cracks in centuries-old structures of urban life.

ODonnell was part of the early wave of urban tech innovation, which began to rise about six years ago. He co-founded Intersection, a company manufacturing digital kiosks for public transportation services, which was eventually rolled up in one of the first big acquisitions from the Alphabet-owned subsidiary Sidewalk Labs .

While the initial optimism for and interest in technologys ability to reshape the built environment has stumbled thanks to both Sidewalks data collection overreach in its initial Toronto project and the financial stresses that the COVID-19 epidemic has placed on cities across the country, experiments with how to integrate technology into society more intelligently continue on the margins. And investments in real estate technology continue to rise.

ODonnells new company, Kibbo, takes advantage of both trends. The San Francisco-based startup aims to upgrade the American trailer park, making it a network of intentional communities for the remote-working, previously urban professionals (PUPs?).

To ensure that these remote working puppies (Im going with it) can navigate the American roadways in the manner to which theyre accustomed, Kibbo pitches exclusive RV parks outfitted with amenities like kitchen supplies and basic staples like coffee and snacks, a gym and recreational facilities for congregating. The company is now taking applications for membership and will be charging $1,000 per month to access its locations of sites near major national parks across the West Coast.

For members who dont have their own vehicles, Kibbo offers access to top-of-the-line Mercedes Sprinters outfitted with the latest in #vanlife amenities. The vans cost roughly $1,000 per month to rent.

Beginning in the fall, members who get past Kibbos virtual velvet rope and gain access to the companys communities will be able to visit spots in Ojai, Zion, Black Rock Desert and Big Sur. Those locations will be complemented by spots in urban cores in Los Angeles, San Francisco and somewhere in Silicon Valley, according to a statement from ODonnell.

With the pressure of months of quarantine fueling the desire for people to get out of their expensive apartments in the city to explore nature and connect with people, we now have the demand and opportunity to rethink how we live, work, have fun and find meaning, he said. We get to rethink the urban experience and define what we want cities of the future to really look like.

With Kibbos launch, would-be puppies (still going with it) attracted to its vision of a network of community spaces shared by professionals whose companies have embraced remote work can now pay $100 to apply to be part of the network.

The company is tapping into a part of the American zeitgeist thats nearly as old as the country itself. From its inception, people came (and colonized) the country in an effort to create communities that would reflect their values and beliefs and afford them an opportunity to flourish (at the expense of others).

Its also working off of the glamping phenomenon that netted Hipcamp a valuation over $100 millionand grabbed Tentrr an $11 million round of financing. Hipcamp offers a database of campsites that earns money by taking a commission from the bookings it facilitates to moe than 300,000 sites across the U.S.

Like Tentrr, Kibbo is using private land to set up sites accessible to membership. But unlike Tentrr, Kibbo owns its own real estate and is setting up its sites to be part of a community rather than just an experience for travelers looking for a different option from a city vacation or competing for campsites at national parks.

Kibbo also thinks of itself as developing a new kind of roving cities comprised of a certain kind of membership.

Unlike traditional top-down designed and built real estate developments, Kibbo is setting out to build the first of the next generation of cities: flexible, reconfigurable, designed and defined by the people that live in it, off the grid and sustainable, ODonnell said.

Thats what attracted Urban.us investor Shaun Abrahamson.

In the short and medium term, I think this looks like a specialty part of the RV market. However, our sense is that RV experience was designed for vacations or retirees and trends like remote work and van life suggest there is demand for different kind of infrastructure and experience Our longer term interest is climate and affordable housing, Abrahamson said.

Climate change and the resulting flooding, fires and rising sea levels are going to change the kinds of infrastructure to support permanent housing, Abrahamson said.

Van life is benefiting from mobile infrastructure solar + batteries make off-grid easier. As prices come down, mobile housing and infrastructure will become more attractive. And Kibbo is filling in other lightweight pieces of infrastructure related to things like sanitation and security and, yes, theyll layer in experiences, too, he said.

Both Abrahamson and ODonnell think there will be more nomadic communities far beyond vacations and retirement, and Kibbo is the firms attempt to tap into that trend. Its a vision for a future of cities that doesnt include them, and one that ODonnell, a New York transplant living in a communal space in San Francisco, embraces.

While Kibbo offers an exciting lifestyle from day one, were making a bet that the future of cities is electric, autonomous, distributed, renewable and user-generated, ODonnell said.

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Kibbo wants to remake the RV park so #vanlife can be a life and not a lifestyle - TechCrunch

6 Black-Owned Farms and CSAs Doing Revolutionary Work – Healthline

Enter the six Black farmers and CSA programs below.

Theyre not just filling the gaps for their communities by growing culturally relevant produce and making it available to consumers. Theyre also working to restore food sovereignty, connect communities with healthy options, and increase access to and skills for growing food.

Black Farmers Collective in Seattle started 5 years ago in the Yesler neighborhood.

Yesler is connected to a historic Black neighborhood and used to be an affordable housing project, maybe for about 50 years, says Hannah Wilson, volunteer farm manager of the Yes Farm urban farm project, an urban farm and partner of Black Farmers Collective.

Were now seeing the development of downtown, units being knocked down, and new units going up and being sold at market rate, so we are witnessing gentrification, says Wilson. Its becoming coveted property and Black people are being pushed to the south end.

The Black Lives Matter movement has raised the profile of organizations, like Black Farmers Collective, that advocate for reconnection to our food source. They also call attention to the ethics of food, including farm worker conditions, pay, and the distribution chain.

Food deserts are a reality for Black people and people of color. People have to leave their neighborhoods for fresh, organic produce, and this is the result of environmental racism, redlining, and unsustainable development, Wilson says. It then leads to disparities in health.

Black Farmers Collective is focused on intentional engagement with the community. When starting community gardens, its founders noticed that many Black people werent able to use them, due to barriers like location, transportation, and time.

Wilson emphasizes the need for more farms, noting that funding would help the collective acquire the space and skills needed to run successful projects.

Yes Farm is a baby of the collective, and we hope to do more. Were now focused on building community and running education programs for schools, Wilson says. A class can grow in a row or a bed, take food home, and learn to cook with it. These are skills they will have for life.

Kale, collard greens, mustard greens, peas, beans, squash, radishes, turnips, and chamomile are among the crops on the 2-acre farm. In the near future, when funding allows, CSA boxes will be available on a sliding price scale, if not free of charge.

Wayne Swanson, also known as Farmer Wayne, runs Swanson Family Farm in Hampton, Georgia. He, his wife, and his son raise cows, sheep, goats, and pigs on their farm. They also run a buyers club that connects directly with consumers.

I was always outdoorsy, Swanson says. I love the woods, and I spent summers with my grandparents on their farm. My farm has been a hobby for 14 years and a business for 5 to 6 years.

The farm has a wide consumer base, with people who come from all over Georgia and even out of state to get their meat.

Farmer Wayne has always been determined to run a sustainable farm. He credits his ability to remain strong during the COVID-19 pandemic to his farm having better conditions than the big businesses where workers are in small spaces and more susceptible to contracting the virus.

As those businesses shut down, people turned to local farmers.

The animals are my staff. I started with chickens, then cows, then sheep and pigs. The system we have here mimics how the animals want to live. They want to move, graze, access ponds, and access clean water, says Swanson. The neighbors must have thought it was ridiculous, but I would stand in the field with cows, watching them to see what they want.

Swanson Family Farms best seller is ground beef. But along with livestock, they also raise bees for honey. The success of this small business is in its simplicity and attention to the natural ecosystem.

Really, were grass farmers, and animals help with that, and the byproduct is honey, he says. Its about the ecosystem, being very sensitive and in tune to that.

The Swansons plan to open another farm in New Jersey at the end of the summer in 2020.

Promote, document, and improve: These are the stated goals of Farms to Grow, Inc., a farm in Oakland, California, that was co-founded by Dr. Gail P. Myers and Gordon Reed in 2004.

Its focus is on preserving the local environment while helping Black and underserved farmers create and maintain their own farms to grow food for their communities.

Projects include the Freedom Farmers Market, hands-on in-school programs, after-school cooking classes, and connecting people to farmers within their communities. Its CSA program also encourages farmers to donate 10 percent of crops for meals for unhoused people.

The driving force of Soul Fire Farm a Black-owned farm in Petersburg, New York is to uproot racism in the food system through justice, ecology, and healing. They see the environmental impact of unsustainable practices that disproportionately affect Black people, as well as the potential for reconnecting with the land to heal communities.

One of the ways they hope to do that in 2020 is by building at least six urban gardens for the Capital District, which is the metropolitan region surrounding Albany, New York. They also aim to train at least 130 new farmer-activists through 1-week programs.

Samantha Foxx owns 2.5 acres in Charlotte, North Carolina, and is leasing more land to expand production of Mothers Finest Family Farm. She started the farm after deciding to be what she never saw as a child: a Black farmer wearing lipstick.

Foxx includes her crops in 14-week CSA boxes, along with products such as honey, shea honey butter, healing salves, and elderberry syrup. The farm includes bees, mushrooms, worms, and a variety of produce.

Foxx is a beekeeper and has a certification from 4-H, a program originally started by the U.S. Department of Agriculture to teach kids life skills like farming and animal care. Mothers Finest also offers beekeeping classes for those interested in it as a business or hobby.

Foxx often teaches classes herself. And shes involved all of her children in the business, including her 6-year-old son, who goes along with Foxx when she checks on her beehives.

Through her work, Foxx is reclaiming the land and encouraging other Black people to renew connections to the earth, transforming the narrative from one of slavery to one of community building.

In Atlanta, Georgia, community organizer Abiodun Henderson has been running an agribusiness training program for at-risk and formerly incarcerated youth for 4 years. Its called Gangstas to Growers.

In a 3-month program, trainees participate in yoga classes, attend seminars, and work on a cooperative farm. The program integrates life skills with sessions ranging from financial literacy to cooking.

Participants earn wages and gain skills in production and business management. They not only grow and harvest peppers themselves, but transform them into a retail product. Sweet Sol hot sauce, named by program participants in a marketing class, is sold to help the project become self-sufficient.

Upon completion of the program, participants find job opportunities in the food business with Hendersons assistance. The goal is to reach and assist 500 young people by 2025, giving them an alternative to the limited prospects often facing Black youth.

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6 Black-Owned Farms and CSAs Doing Revolutionary Work - Healthline

The Must-Have Summer Products From Black-Owned Beauty Brands – W Magazine

July 24th has officially been designated Self-Care Dayand although you might be inclined to snicker at such a twee, made-up festivity, this may be one holiday we should take time to truly mull over this year. Given the social challenges that continue to test us globally and individually, looking internally to better ourselves and our communities doesnt hurt, especially now.

Its clear that the worlds of self-care and wellness are tied up in a persons social, racial, and economic standings. So notable beauty brands and businesses have stepped up to ensure inclusion and diversity within their organizations and for their clients. New York City retail beauty space Knockout Beautys founder Cayli Cavaco is one of themher business has expanded the products it stocks to include more Black-owned brands. It has been proven that diversity in a population makes us more creative and more innovative, so I have always sought a diverse community of clients, Cavaco said. Expanding to include more black founders is a natural, yet intentional, extension of our mission. In an ongoing effort to provide much-needed visibility and inclusion, we have profiled below some of the most standout, exceptional beauty products essential for this summer from our favorite Black-owned beauty entrepreneursall of which are available at Knockout. Treat yourself on this day of self-care, which, in 2020, should include a healthy dose of introspection.

This lightweight, daily moisturizing cleanser from beauty veteran Lesley Thorntons skin care line Klur is a favorite among beauty junkies for its non-greasy formulation, which effectively removes makeup while not stripping your skin of essential oils. Dandelion is the star ingredient here, which acts as a regenerative healing component for skin while maintaining an essential moisture balance on the surface.

Brooklyns most in-demand oculofacial plastic surgeon, Dr. Chaneve Jeanniton, spent four years researching the perfect scientific formulation to create this powerful collagen-boosting growth factor serum. The peptide serum uses cultivated growth factors from human adipose (fat) cells, which are then sorted to ensure the highest-quality growth factors to promote glowing, plump skin as well as lactic acid to help gently refine the surface.

Hyper Skin was formulated as a skin savior specifically for women who suffer from acne scarring, melasma or sun-damaged skin. Founder and beauty industry alumni Desiree Verdejo created Hyper Skin out of a skin care necessityshe often came into contact with high-end beauty products that failed to address skin issues that persist during hormonal shifts.The Hyper Clear Vitamin C Serum uses gentle but high-grade, effective ingredients such as kojic acid, turmeric and Bearberry.

The brainchild invention of Yale scholar Adiya Dixon Wiggins, Yubi is the intelligently designed, grip-less makeup applicator created not just to provide the convenience of time with its handheld fingertip application, but an end to streaks and unblended makeup fiascos. Another plus: the vegan bristles help reduce bacterial growth or product absorption to provide clean beauty with each application.

A legit last -all-day lipstick. Leave it to Harvard Business grad and Stanford Fellow, Aishetu Fatima Dozie, to create a calculated lipstick formulation that is applied initially as a liquid, then turns matte but still manages to stay on creamyall day. Just launched from this vegan, cruelty-free liquid lipstick line is also the Power Woman Essentials colors named for the five essential attributes that embody powerful women: wisdom, faith, courage, bravery, and of course, hustle.

These on-the-go makeup wipes created by former Hollywood makeup artist Lauren Napier are individually packaged. Each satchel gently removes summer grime accumulated on skins impurities with no filmy residue left behind. Aside from containing soothing aloe and chamomile, Napiers line is rich with good karma: all wipes are ethically manufactured under solar energy, recyclable, cruelty free and Napier has partnered with the Foundation for the Handicapped, employing disadvantaged and disabled adults for her products.

An ideal solution to treat skin blemishes, especially during summer when skin tends to be oilier and clogged. Rose MD Blemish Control Booster helps control skin inflammation and breakouts with two main anti-inflammatory ingredients, niacinamide and turmeric. This treatment also uses gentle fruit acids (malic acid, lactic acid and citric acid) to help exfoliate and unclog the pores.

Related: Essential Summer Hair Treatments Prescribed by Celebrity Hair Experts

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The Must-Have Summer Products From Black-Owned Beauty Brands - W Magazine

Guest column: The U.S. war on international students needs to end – VC Star

Gerhard Apfelthaler and Loredana Carson, Your Turn Published 5:09 p.m. PT July 25, 2020

Out of the blue on July 6, the Department of Homeland Security informed more than 1 million international students in the U.S. that their student visas wouldexpire if theywere not able totake in-person classes in the fall. At the same time,many universities were pulling back in-person class offerings as the number of active COVID-19 cases continued to rise at an alarming rate.

Thankfully, on July 14, DHS retracted this decisionafter awave of lawsuits filed against the department on behalf of multiple institutions of higher education including Harvard, MIT, the UC system and at least 179 other schools that joined together to protest the plan. It isnt often thatso manycolleges and universities agree on a single approach,sosuchunification is worth noting.To understandwhy they moved so fast and so furiously to get this regulation overturned, it isimportant to understand the role of the international student populationinthe higher education landscape.

In addition to providing domestic students with a global learning experience, international studentscontributetremendouseconomicvalue to every sector of the U.S.economy.The Institute of International Educationplaces the contributionat$45billion annually.Education isour countrysfourth largest service sector export, and international students are responsible foran estimated500,000 American jobs. Most arehigh-paying jobs thataredesperately neededbecausetheunemployment ratenowexceedsGreat Recessionlevels.

In California,160,000international studentscontributeabout $7billionto the economyannually, supporting more than 74,000 jobs.Inthe Greater Los Angelesregion,there aretens ofthousands of international students.If these students had been forced toreturn to their home countries,the result would have beenvisible in theimmediate negative economic effects.

TherecentDHSturmoilonly added to a series of actions that havecreatedlong-term damage toourreputationas a country where futures can be built.Travelbans,visa restrictions, the suspension of H-1B visasandthe threat of not allowing international students to gain experience in Optional Practical Trainingpositions have allcreatedan overwhelming negative national message that international students are not welcome in the U.S.This is despite the fact thattheir presence enhances our campus communities and supportscompanies throughout the country, especially in Californias high-tech sector. International graduates with highly specialized degrees in many areas are desperately needed in the U.S, which doesnt graduate enough domestic students inscience,technology,engineering andmathematics.

Whilemany highlyqualifiedinternational students return to their home countries after graduation,othersstay and support the U.S. economyat the local, regional and national levels.According to studies based on U.S.Census data, immigrantsaretwice as likely to start new businesses than people born in the U.S., andthey account for more than 40% of new businessesin states such as California, New York and New Jersey.

Other countries are much more intentional in their messaging to their international student population,and the competition over international students has greatly intensified. The U.S. market share of global enrollment dropped from roughly 30% in 2010 to about 20% in 2019. This drop has accelerated since 2016 due in part to tighter immigration practices and the federal governments constant negative rhetoric regarding international students. The U.S has become a less attractive destination for international students, while other countries such as Australia, Canada and the United Kingdom have succeeded in attracting more of them.

If there is any good to have come from this debacle, perhaps the conversationcan continue,and the higher education community can remain united in framingthe role of the international students as positive and valued instead of something to dismiss at a moments notice. Clearly, they do matter, and their presence is welcome. Its time for the national rhetoric to become more inclusive and less divisive on this important issue.

Gerhard Apfelthaler isprofessor anddean andLoredana Carsonis alecturerat the School of Management at California Lutheran University.

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Guest column: The U.S. war on international students needs to end - VC Star

Disinformation campaigns are murky blends of truth, lies and sincere beliefs lessons from the pandemic – TheStreet

Kate Starbird, University of Washington

The COVID-19 pandemic has spawned an infodemic, a vast and complicated mix of information, misinformation and disinformation.

In this environment, false narratives the virus was planned, that it originated as a bioweapon, that COVID-19 symptoms are caused by 5G wireless communications technology have spread like wildfire across social media and other communication platforms. Some of these bogus narratives play a role in disinformation campaigns.

The notion of disinformation often brings to mind easy-to-spot propaganda peddled by totalitarian states, but the reality is much more complex. Though disinformation does serve an agenda, it is often camouflaged in facts and advanced by innocent and often well-meaning individuals.

As a researcher who studies how communications technologies are used during crises, Ive found that this mix of information types makes it difficult for people, including those who build and run online platforms, to distinguish an organic rumor from an organized disinformation campaign. And this challenge is not getting any easier as efforts to understand and respond to COVID-19 get caught up in the political machinations of this years presidential election.

Rumors are, and have always been, common during crisis events. Crises are often accompanied by uncertainty about the event and anxiety about its impacts and how people should respond. People naturally want to resolve that uncertainty and anxiety, and often attempt to do so through collective sensemaking. Its a process of coming together to gather information and theorize about the unfolding event. Rumors are a natural byproduct.

Rumors arent necessarily bad. But the same conditions that produce rumors also make people vulnerable to disinformation, which is more insidious. Unlike rumors and misinformation, which may or may not be intentional, disinformation is false or misleading information spread for a particular objective, often a political or financial aim.

Disinformation has its roots in the practice of dezinformatsiya used by the Soviet Unions intelligence agencies to attempt to change how people understood and interpreted events in the world. Its useful to think of disinformation not as a single piece of information or even a single narrative, but as a campaign, a set of actions and narratives produced and spread to deceive for political purpose.

Lawrence Martin-Bittman, a former Soviet intelligence officer who defected from what was then Czechoslovakia and later became a professor of disinformation, described how effective disinformation campaigns are often built around a true or plausible core. They exploit existing biases, divisions and inconsistencies in a targeted group or society. And they often employ unwitting agents to spread their content and advance their objectives.

Regardless of the perpetrator, disinformation functions on multiple levels and scales. While a single disinformation campaign may have a specific objective for instance, changing public opinion about a political candidate or policy pervasive disinformation works at a more profound level to undermine democratic societies.

Distinguishing between unintentional misinformation and intentional disinformation is a critical challenge. Intent is often hard to infer, especially in online spaces where the original source of information can be obscured. In addition, disinformation can be spread by people who believe it to be true. And unintentional misinformation can be strategically amplified as part of a disinformation campaign. Definitions and distinctions get messy, fast.

Consider the case of the Plandemic video that blazed across social media platforms in May 2020. The video contained a range of false claims and conspiracy theories about COVID-19. Problematically, it advocated against wearing masks, claiming they would activate the virus, and laid the foundations for eventual refusal of a COVID-19 vaccine.

Though many of these false narratives had emerged elsewhere online, the Plandemic video brought them together in a single, slickly produced 26-minute video. Before being removed by the platforms for containing harmful medical misinformation, the video propagated widely on Facebook and received millions of YouTube views.

As it spread, it was actively promoted and amplified by public groups on Facebook and networked communities on Twitter associated with the anti-vaccine movement, the QAnon conspiracy theory community and pro-Trump political activism.

But was this a case of misinformation or disinformation? The answer lies in understanding how and inferring a little about why the video went viral.

The videos protagonist was Dr. Judy Mikovits, a discredited scientist who had previously advocated for several false theories in the medical domain for example, claiming that vaccines cause autism. In the lead-up to the videos release, she was promoting a new book, which featured many of the narratives that appeared in the Plandemic video.

One of those narratives was an accusation against Dr. Anthony Fauci, director of the National Institute for Allergy and Infectious Diseases. At the time, Fauci was a focus of criticism for promoting social distancing measures that some conservatives viewed as harmful to the economy. Public comments from Mikovits and her associates suggest that damaging Faucis reputation was a specific goal of their campaign.

In the weeks leading up to the release of the Plandemic video, a concerted effort to lift Mikovits profile took shape across several social media platforms. A new Twitter account was started in her name, quickly accumulating thousands of followers. She appeared in interviews with hyperpartisan news outlets such as The Epoch Times and True Pundit. Back on Twitter, Mikovits greeted her new followers with the message: Soon, Dr Fauci, everyone will know who you really are.

This background suggests that Mikovits and her collaborators had several objectives beyond simply sharing her misinformed theories about COVID-19. These include financial, political and reputational motives. However, it is also possible that Mikovits is a sincere believer of the information that she was sharing, as were millions of people who shared and retweeted her content online.

In the United States, as COVID-19 blurs into the presidential election, were likely to continue to see disinformation campaigns employed for political, financial and reputational gain. Domestic activist groups will use these techniques to produce and spread false and misleading narratives about the disease and about the election. Foreign agents will attempt to join the conversation, often by infiltrating existing groups and attempting to steer them towards their goals.

For example, there will likely be attempts to use the threat of COVID-19 to frighten people away from the polls. Along with those direct attacks on election integrity, there are likely to also be indirect effects on peoples perceptions of election integrity from both sincere activists and agents of disinformation campaigns.

Efforts to shape attitudes and policies around voting are already in motion. These include work to draw attention to voter suppression and attempts to frame mail-in voting as vulnerable to fraud. Some of this rhetoric stems from sincere criticism meant to inspire action to make the electoral systems stronger. Other narratives, for example unsupported claims of voter fraud, seem to serve the primary aim of undermining trust in those systems.

History teaches that this blending of activism and active measures, of foreign and domestic actors, and of witting and unwitting agents, is nothing new. And certainly the difficulty of distinguishing between these is not made any easier in the connected era. But better understanding these intersections can help researchers, journalists, communications platform designers, policymakers and society at large develop strategies for mitigating the impacts of disinformation during this challenging moment.

Kate Starbird, Associate Professor of Human Centered Design & Engineering, University of Washington

This article is republished from The Conversation under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article.

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Disinformation campaigns are murky blends of truth, lies and sincere beliefs lessons from the pandemic - TheStreet