‘Thirty miles a day’: They’re walking 750 miles to arrive in DC on 57th anniversary of MLK’s ‘I Have A Dream’ speech – USA TODAY

This group is marching 750 miles from Milwaukee to arrive in Washington DC on the 57th anniversary of MLK's "I Have A Dream" speech. USA TODAY

CHICAGOAbout 40 people on foot, riding bikes and perched atop graffitied cars paraded through Chicago's North Side on Thursday evening. Children skipped and hung out car windows with their fists in the air. Drivers honked and blasted music as pedestrians clapped and cheered the passing caravan.

The diverse group of men, women and children was three daysinto a 750-mile march from Milwaukee to Washington, D.C., plannedto coincide with the 57th anniversary of Martin Luther King Jr.'s famous "I Have A Dream" speech onAug. 28.

"When George Floyd died 69 days ago, we began to march in Milwaukee," said community activist and violence interrupter Frank Nitty, who helped organize the march. "We had already been marching 15-20 miles a day. I wanted to keep that streak going."

'There's no way to stop us': Milwaukee protesters begin march to Washington, D.C.

Themarch, which hopes to bring awareness to racial inequity and police brutality, stepped off in Milwaukee on Tuesdaywith about 20 participants, aiming to complete 31 miles a day. The group stayed overnight in Zion, Illinois, on Tuesday, then in Winnetka, Illinois, on Wednesday, Nitty said. They hoped to reach Indiana by Thursday night.

Milwaukee residentSandy Solomon, 49, said she pulled a calf muscle on the first day and had to briefly sit out in one of the cars to wrap her leg. Then she kept walking.

"The biggest thing that most of us are dealing with is that our feet are sore, so we got some Epsom salt and were going to get some foot tubs and soak them at night," Solomon said.

Marchers from Milwaukee passes through Chicago on their way to Washington, D.C., for the 57th anniversary of the March on Washington on August 6, 2020.(Photo: Grace Hauck)

Marchers were keeping food, luggage and other supplies inthe trunks of their cars, and Nitty's son and other teens occasionally handed out snacks and water bottles to marchers or those on the curb in need of food.

Nitty said the group initially planned to set up camp at night or rent anRV, buthe ended up payingfor hotel rooms forthe first night. On the second night, when the group had grown to 25, someone tracking the march on social mediapaid for their hotel rooms, said Nitty, who has been posting Facebook Live videos to his 80,000 followers.

Most of the meals havebeen donated, and people on foot and in cars have periodically linked up with the march. Minutes before, a woman had run over and handed Nitty a blow horn and some cash. While the group doesn't have any official name or affiliation, it supports the mission of theBlack Lives Matter movement, Nitty said.

WATCH: The two key ingredients to achieve a successful protest

"We got some people who had only what they had on and joined just with that," Nitty said as a middle-aged woman began walking with the group. "It's been amazing going through these small towns and have people coming out to helpand march for awhile."

Martin Luther King III imagines the sweet reunion between his parents and Rep. John Lewis on the other side. USA TODAY

Nitty said the group plans out its specific route about five days in advance, with a general intention to avoid highways but still passthrough major cities.

"Were taking streets the whole way," Nitty said. "Were going to make sure we go through neighborhoods and communities mainly suburban communities that dont have to deal with this issue, and let them know that theyre not going to get no sleep until Black lives matter. We want to be peaceful, but we also want to be a disruption. We dont want people to be comfortable with whats going on. Theres no comfort in Black lives not mattering."

Marchers from Milwaukee passes through Chicago on their way to Washington, D.C., for the 57th anniversary of the March on Washington on August 6, 2020.(Photo: Grace Hauck)

ForMilwaukee-based victims advocateTory Lowe, marching from Chicago to Milwaukee is nothing new. Hesaid he has been doing it every year for the last five years to protest police brutality. Three weeks ago, Nitty approached Lowe and asked him if he was interested in going a little further.

"We're not going to stop," Lowe said. "Were going to continue until the injustice in America is dealt with properly."

But walking the walk hasn't been easy so far, Lowe said.

"Thirty miles a day world classes athletes wouldnt walk 30 miles a day for 24 days," he said. "Were doing something that most people wouldnt even attempt, and were doing it together."

This year'sanniversary of the historic marchcomes in the wake ofa series of worldwide protests condemning police brutality and calling for criminal justice reform. In June, the Rev. Al Sharpton announced he wasorganizing a march in Washington on the anniversaryto "restore and recommit that dream."

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Do protests ever enact real change? Yes. But not all movements are created equal. Here's the ingredients of a successful movement. USA TODAY

"We're going back to Washington," Sharpton declared when giving his eulogy at the funeral of Floyd, an unarmed Black man who diedafter a white Minneapolis police officer pinned him to the ground with his knee. "We need to go back to Washington and stand up Black, white, Latino, Arab in the shadows of Lincoln and tell them, This is the time to stop this.'"

Martin Luther King III, attorney Benjamin Crump and families of police brutality victims were expected to attend the march under the rallying call "Get Your Knee Off Our Necks." The families of Floyd, Breonna Taylor and Eric Garner planned to speak at the event, according to theNational Action Network.

Amid concerns about the coronavirus pandemic,the NAACP this weeklaunched a website for a "virtual march" to providea "series of events and activities to recommit to the dream Dr. Martin Luther King defined in the 1963 march, to call for police accountability and reform, and to mobilize voters ahead of the November elections," according to an NAACP press release.

Contributing:Ricardo Torres, Milwaukee Journal Sentinel;Savannah Behrmann, USA TODAY

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'Thirty miles a day': They're walking 750 miles to arrive in DC on 57th anniversary of MLK's 'I Have A Dream' speech - USA TODAY

Someone Tagged Black Lives Matter Outside a Church in Southeast Portland. Staff Decided to Keep Itand Turn It Into a Mural – Willamette Week

On June 3, a protester tagged the outside of Imago Dei, a nondenominational church in theBuckman neighborhood, with the phrase "Black Lives Matter." The next day, staff convened online to discuss the next steps.

"Our building gets tagged all the time and we paint over it, keep it moving," says Pastor Michelle Jones. "Then a discussion just kind of happened: 'What if we kept it? What if we changed it? What if we made it art?'"

Heidie Ambrose, a staff member and artist by trade, began the process of expanding the graffiti into a sprawling mural. Each brick is marked with the name of a Blackperson who has died at the hands of systemic racism, and painted bricks are reserved for those who have died in the Portland area.

The mural is seen as a part of Imago Dei's greater ethos around race and reconciliation, which has been the subject of the church's sermons since the earliest days of the protests.

"We have to admit that throughout history, the church has been complicit in allowing injustice to flourish in this country, either by its silence or by speaking in the wrong way," says Jones. "But if we're going to own it, then we've gotta own it."

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Someone Tagged Black Lives Matter Outside a Church in Southeast Portland. Staff Decided to Keep Itand Turn It Into a Mural - Willamette Week

Black Lives Matter Mural at Trump Tower Vandalized Again by Repeat Offender – NBC New York

A woman who has already been arrested once for throwing paint on the Black Lives Matter mural in front of Trump Tower was arrested again for doing exactly the same thing.

Police say 39-year-old Juliet Germanotta acted alone this time in vandalizing the mural on Fifth Avenue. She was caught on camera Wednesday on her knees, spreading blue paint all over the yellow mural with her hands. The mural supporting the movement for racial justice has been vandalized several times since it was painted on July 9.

Germanotta and two other women were arrested the last time the mural was painted over on July 17. The vandalism appeared to be a coordinated effort involving about 10 people. There were plans going around on social media with a group of people discussing pulling off the stunt.

When the mural was painted, Germanotta told News 4 at that time that she would come back to deface the mural. When a bystander said she would go to jail, Germanotta said, "I don't care. There's no bail." She was charged again Wednesday with criminal mischief.

For the second time in a week, vandals were caught on camera pouring paint on the Black Lives Matter mural outside Trump Tower. Ray Villeda reports.

The mural has been called by President Donald Trump as a "symbol of hate," but the words coined after the 2012 killing of Trayvon Martin, a Florida teen who was shot by neighborhood watch George Zimmerman, have become a movement for racial justice.

"Our city isnt just painting the words on Fifth Avenue. Were committed to the meaning of the message," Mayor Bill de Blasio said after the mural was painted.

The mural is one of five found in each of the city's five boroughs.

Just days after it was painted - the Black Lives Matter mural in front of Trump Tower has been defaced. Jen Maxfield reports.

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Black Lives Matter Mural at Trump Tower Vandalized Again by Repeat Offender - NBC New York

Government’s post-Brexit ‘freeport’ scheme tipped to make ‘no material effect’ on UK economy – The New European

PUBLISHED: 11:50 03 August 2020

Adrian Zorzut

A Stena Line ferry in Belfast Port; Niall Carson

PA Wire/PA Images

The governments plan to build free trade zones - known as freeports - across Britain after Brexit will have minimal material effect on the UK economy, a report has claimed.

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Researchers from the University of Sussexs UK Trade Policy Observatory (UKTPO) found that the economic upside of building 10 freeports across the country was so small that it would be almost non-existent.

Under the initiative, which is being championed by chancellor Rishi Sunak, firms can import components and other pre-manufactured goods to be built in the UK and only pay a lower tariff on the finished product. The cost-saving of wavering duty on raw goods, known as tariff inversion, is expected to boost trade through British ports.

But in research commissioned by UKGT the scheme is found to support less than one percent of British importers.

The fundamental thing is that the trade benefits of a freeport are almost non-existent, mentioned Peter Holmes, a UKTPO fellow who co-authored the report.

The only benefit might be in some sort of enterprise or urban regeneration zone but that has nothing to do with the port aspect.

The Treasury has long touted duty diversion as a catalyst for boosting trade after Brexit but the initiative, introduced in May, will have a minimal effect compared to economic benefits of remaining in the EU single market.

Researchers said that of the 20 most imported goods - accounting for roughly 40% of the UKs import market - a whopping 12 were already duty-free while none had a levy greater than four percent.

They said pet food and dairy producers were one of the few industry sectors set to capitalise on the programme. Combined, those businesses make up 0.6% of UKs overall imports.

Up to 21 ports across the UK are vying to become a free trade zone.

Last month, cabinet minister Michael Gove announced a 700 million funding package to prepare British ports for Brexit.

In July, the government also launched its latest media blitz to prepare businesses for the end of the Brexit transition period on December 31, costing taxpayers 93 million.

Almost four years after its creation The New European goes from strength to strength across print and online, offering a pro-European perspective on Brexit and reporting on the political response to the coronavirus outbreak, climate change and international politics. But we can only rebalance the right wing extremes of much of the UK national press with your support. If you value what we are doing, you can help us by making a contribution to the cost of our journalism.

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Government's post-Brexit 'freeport' scheme tipped to make 'no material effect' on UK economy - The New European

Brexit impact: Health and brain research – Open Access Government

Brexit impact: Health and brain research

Over the last decades, collaboration between the EU27 countries and the UK has been an important factor driving research and innovation in a wide range of therapeutic areas and ensuring the availability of innovative treatments, including in the brain research space. The UK has been a major contributor to health research and clinical trials in Europe and UK partners are often closely involved in research projects funded by the EU. The UK has supported and participated in a wide range of EU health-related programmes, platforms and networks, with many UK-based institutions leading research consortia.

Moreover, the EU27 and UK currently closely cooperate as regards the authorisation, testing and mutual recognition of medicines and medical devices, which is crucial for ensuring patient access to potentially life-saving treatments. These issues have become even more important in light of the COVID-19 pandemic, which makes it paramount that health collaboration, to the greatest possible extent, is maintained after the transition period ends on 31st December 2020.

If the COVID-19 pandemic has taught us anything, its that, as a Union, we are not fully prepared nor capable of individually tackling the majority of health epidemics we are currently facing or will potentially face in the coming future. Understanding even the basic mechanisms of cancer took researchers decades and still today, an EU cancer plan and mission is a basic necessity for the continued research behind the disease. What can be said for diseases of the brain, which continue to both confound and fascinate researchers all over the world? COVID-19 shook European health systems to their cores and continues to do so until some form of normal can be found through the discovery of a vaccine. In times of lockdown and the unknown, we forget that many other diseases exist albeit non-communicable that continue to affect people without proper treatment or cures in sight.

The work of organisations like the European Brain Council, calling on the European Institutions to acknowledge the full burden of brain disorders, stems from a disproportionate response from most health and research-related frameworks in addressing the burden. In outlining its recent plans for the EU4Health programme, the European Commission speaks of non- communicable diseases (NCDs) and mentions mental health in areas where action is required, but neurology has been omitted, as previously, from the Commissions health priorities.

Brain disorders neurological and mental alike join musculoskeletal disorders, cardiovascular disorders and tumours to make up the largest burden of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) in Europe and worldwide. In fact, due to a rapidly ageing society, brain disorders, when combined, look set to become the leading burden on society. Strikingly, brain disorders account for roughly a third of total years lost to death and disability from all diseases globally1 and neurological disorders alone are the leading cause of death worldwide second only to heart disease.2 Despite progress by researchers, this burden continues to grow as the population ages and science cannot keep up with the pace. The brain community can, for the most part, identify the largest needs: sustained funding and support play a key role, but strengthened and improved frameworks for collaboration in research play the largest role if any progress can be made to address this NCDs epidemic.

The UK and the EU27 countries are currently in the process of negotiating the agreement on the future relationship between the two blocs. Given the many health-related issues that are at stake, it is crucial that health does not get overlooked in the current negotiations. Amongst other issues, this would entail that customs cooperation on medicines and medical devices as well as reciprocal healthcare arrangements are maintained and preserved as part of the future relationship.

Furthermore, the UK has contributed greatly to health research funded under EU research schemes. As part of the ongoing negotiations, the UK and the EU have been discussing the possible participation of the UK in EU programmes, including in the Horizon Europe programme that is set to start in 2021. In order for this important collaboration in health and research to prosper, it is key that decision-makers commit to full association of the UK to the Horizon Europe programme as well as UK inclusion in Europe-wide research projects and partnerships.

No further barriers should be put in place that hinder EU and UK scientists in their efforts to work, travel and conduct research in both blocs and UK and EU regulations across research and clinical trials should remain aligned. This would not only enable the extended Europe to remain a hub for research and innovation, but it would ultimately also strengthen the work of both the UK and EU governments to address the impact of brain disorders, which are widespread and highly disabling conditions.

We must learn from the COVID-19 experience that we are stronger and more capable when working in collaboration. Though the UK breaks away from the Union, it is crucial that our partnership and collaboration remains, for the sake of cross-border science, education and for the future of brain research and those it impacts.

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Sterling to dip this year as Brexit uncertainty swirls: Reuters poll – WHTC News

Wednesday, August 05, 2020 10:18 p.m. EDT by Thomson Reuters

By Jonathan Cable

LONDON (Reuters) - Sterling, which was approaching a five-month high on Wednesday, is expected to lose some of those gains this year amid Brexit and coronavirus fears before recovering in 2021, a Reuters poll found.

The pound registered its biggest monthly rise in more than a decade in July, although its ascent was mainly due to a weaker dollar after a surge in U.S. coronavirus cases and unease about the upcoming presidential election.=>

But fears of a second wave of infections in Britain, already the hardest-hit European country, have capped the pound's advance and according to a new study published on Tuesday a resurgence of the pandemic could be twice as bad as the initial outbreak.

Also containing sterling strength is a weak economy and growing pressure to strike a Brexit trade deal before a transition period ends in December, prompting traders and investors to be wary of the pound's prospects.

The July 31-Aug. 5 poll of around 60 foreign exchange strategists said the pound would dip to $1.29 in a month and to $1.28 in three months before returning to current levels in a year's time. It was trading around $1.31 on Wednesday.

"The dip is because it seems like the uncertainty over Brexit will continue until we get to around September or October, so until we know what is going on it can't trade as well," said Jordan Rochester at Nomura.

"I lean towards a deal, but it doesn't mean the same euphoria for sterling as it used to. The deal will be bare bones - it might be that in Q1 we are still adjusting to a new trading agreement and you do see all of the foretold Brexit border chaos."

Illustrating the murky outlook, the 12-month forecast horizon was wide - from $1.18 to $1.44.

Reuters polls since the June 2016 referendum to quit the EU have consistently said the two sides would eventually agree a free-trade deal, but talks have been troubled.

Without an agreement, trade and financial ties between the world's fifth-largest economy and its biggest trading partner would collapse overnight, spreading havoc among markets and businesses.

Against the euro , little movement was expected. One euro was worth around 90.3 pence On Wednesday, and the poll suggested it would be worth 90.0p in a month and 89.0p in a year.=>

(Reporting by Jonathan Cable; polling by Sarmista Sen and Khushboo Mittal; editing by Larry King)

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Sterling to dip this year as Brexit uncertainty swirls: Reuters poll - WHTC News

Trump threatens executive action if no deal is reached in coronavirus stimulus talks – CNBC

After coronavirus aid talks between Democratic leaders and the Trump administration ground to a halt Friday, President Donald Trump threatened to take executive action if the sides fail to reach a deal.

Negotiators emerged from a 90-minute meeting in the Capitol on Friday appearing to have made minimal progress toward bridging a gulf over spending to combat a once-in-a-lifetime pandemic. Both Democrats and White House officials pointed to fundamental disagreements over how to address the crisis, making it unclear when they could agree on legislation that could pass both chambers of Congress.

Speaking to a ballroom packed with members of his New Jersey country club on Friday evening, Trump said he would "act under [his] authority as president to get Americans the relief they need" if Congress fails to strike an agreement with his administration. He said his pending executive orders would extend lapsed enhanced unemployment benefits through the end of the year at an unspecified level, continue an expired eviction moratorium and indefinitely suspend federal student loan payments. They would also suspend the payroll tax through December.

Because Congress controls federal spending, it is unclear what power Trump has to extend those programs. Trump said he was "not at all" worried about the legality of the moves. Earlier Friday, Treasury Secretary Steven Mnuchin said it would "take us a little bit of time to finalize [the executive orders] and process them."

Negotiators House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, Senate Minority Leader Chuck Schumer, Mnuchin and White House chief of staff Mark Meadows made minimal progress toward a relief deal over more than a week and a half of talks. It is unclear now when they will restart discussions on legislation.

Leaving Friday's meeting, Schumer called the huddle "disappointing." He and Pelosi said the White House again rejected their offer for Democrats to cut the asking price for their legislation by $1 trillion and for the Trump administration to increase its proposed spending by the same amount.

"I've told them, 'Come back when you are ready to give us a higher number,'" Pelosi, a California Democrat, told reporters.

U.S. House Speaker Nancy Pelosi (D-CA), speaks next to Senate Minority Leader Chuck Schumer (D-NY), during a news conference on Capitol Hill in Washington, August 7, 2020.

Jonathan Ernst | Reuters

Mnuchin indicated he would not come to the table again unless Democrats changed their tune on pandemic relief. He said he and Meadows "will be back here any time to listen to new proposals."

House Democrats passed a roughly $3 trillion relief package in May, and Republicans last week proposed a bill that costs about $1 trillion. Schumer has said Democrats would not accept legislation that puts less than $2 trillion into the pandemic response.

Pelosi has indicated that she could cut back spending by making some programs expire earlier than originally proposed.

Democrats and Republicans appear to have come closer to an accord on issues including direct payments of up to $1,200 to Americans and extending a moratorium on evictions from federally backed housing. They have failed to bridge a gulf on how to continue enhanced federal unemployment benefits, help schools reopen safely during the pandemic, and aid state and local governments facing budget shortfalls during the outbreak.

In a tweet Friday, Trump said he had "no interest" in Democrats' request for nearly $1 trillion in state and local relief.

"We are going a different way!" he wrote.

In a letter to colleagues Friday, Pelosi outlined several areas of disagreement. It notably did not mention jobless benefits.

It would take a massive effort for Democrats and the White House to even reach the outline of a deal soon. But the clock is ticking: the expiration of both the $600 per week enhanced federal unemployment benefit and the eviction moratorium late last month have left millions of Americans scrambling to cover bills and remain in their homes.

The U.S. added 1.76 million jobs in July despite a resurgence in coronavirus cases that forced many states to pause or reverse their economic reopening plans. The unemployment rate fell to 10.2%, but was still higher than at any point during the 2008 financial crisis.

In a joint statement after the jobs report release Friday, Pelosi and Schumer said the data shows "that the economic recovery spurred by the investments Congress has passed is losing steam and more investments are still urgently needed to protect the lives and livelihoods of the American people."

Democrats have insisted on extending the jobless benefit long term at $600 per week. The White House has made several counteroffers, reportedly proposing extra payments of $400 per week into December.

On Friday, Mnuchin said the Trump administration has not received compromise offers on either unemployment insurance or state and municipal relief.

With no agreement on Capitol Hill, Trump who has not participated in face-to-face talks has plotted how to act on his own.Pelosi told CNBC on Thursday that she thinks the president has the power to extend the eviction moratorium, and urged him to do so.

Schumer, though, cautioned Trump on Thursday against taking executive action. He indicated an order could get held up in court.

"An executive order will leave millions of people out. It will be litigated. It won't be effective, and things will get worse," the New York Democrat said Thursday.

Speaking to reporters Friday, Schumer added that an executive order would be inadequate because it would not include money for schools and Covid-19 testing and treatment.

Both the Senate and House left for the weekend after Thursday's sessions. The chambers have delayed their planned August recesses as they anticipate votes on a pandemic relief package.

Complicating matters in Congress, the talks have taken on bitterness less than three months before the general election. Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell, R-Ky., finds himself stuck between conservative senators who don't want to spend more money and swing-state Republicans who need to win their races in November for the GOP to keep its majority in the chamber.

He will likely have to rely on strong Democratic support to get a bill through the Senate.

For now, a moment of unity looks far away. Pelosi went as far as to say Meadows "slammed the table and walked out" of a meeting on Thursday.

Meadows disputed the account.

"It's fabricated," he said.

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Trump threatens executive action if no deal is reached in coronavirus stimulus talks - CNBC

Dad who got coronavirus after son went out with friends is released from hospital – NBC News

A Florida father whose battle with COVID-19 led his wife to publicly plead for young people to take the coronavirus seriously was released from the hospital Thursday.

John Place and his entire family tested positive for the coronavirus after his 21-year-old son fell ill and learned that a friend he had hung out with was infected, Place's wife said in a Facebook Live video in June.

Place, who is diabetic, got sick the day after Father's Day and suffered the most serious symptoms in his family. He was hospitalized and placed on a ventilator after his condition worsened.

On Thursday, family and friends gathered outside Westside Regional Medical Center in Plantation, about six miles west of Fort Lauderdale, to celebrate his release.

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In a Facebook Live video shared by his wife, Michelle Zymet, Pharrell Williams' "Happy" blared in the background as the group all wearing face masks eagerly awaited Place's arrival. When he was wheeled outside, the crowd erupted in cheers.

Place, wearing a T-shirt that read "I'm Alive," appeared to get emotional as he waved to the crowd and hugged his family.

"I want to thank all the doctors and nurses and health care professionals here at Westside Regional Medical Center. They saved my life," he said outside the hospital. "And to all the nurses and doctors out there, you're doing an amazing job. Thank you so much. I feel great!"

Following Zymet's Facebook Live video last month about her husband's plight, she said in an interview with MSNBC that she had pleaded with her son not to go out because she was concerned about the family getting sick.

"The younger generation, they just don't get it. They don't care; they don't think. I'm not quite sure what it is they don't get," she said on MSNBC. "Our son, he was cooped up for a while and when the state lifted up and you could get out again and we weren't in quarantine, he decided he wanted to go out and hang out with his friends."

She said she decided to share her story to encourage younger people to take the virus seriously.

"We are trying to open everyones eyes that by not wearing a mask, washing your hands frequently and by not social distancing you are putting yourself at risk and of those at home that you love ... each and every day," she wrote in a Facebook post.

Place told NBC Miami that he has a lot of things planned now that he's out of the hospital.

"This is a life-changing experience," he said. "I'm going to make the best of it. I have new plans and things that I'm going to do to hopefully make a difference. First thing I want to do is donate plasma as soon as I can because somebody helped save my life with their plasma."

Minyvonne Burkeis a breaking news reporter for NBC News.

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Dad who got coronavirus after son went out with friends is released from hospital - NBC News

Texas allows some visits in nursing homes with no active coronavirus cases – The Texas Tribune

Need to stay updated on coronavirus news in Texas? Our evening roundup will help you stay on top of the day's latest updates. Sign up here.

For the first time in nearly five months, visitors will be allowed in Texas nursing homes on a limited basis, state health officials announced Thursday evening, reversing a policy intended to keep the states most vulnerable populations safe from a pandemic that has proved especially deadly for older people.

Residents of Texas long-term care facilities have been separated from their family and friends for more than 140 days, since Gov. Greg Abbott shut down visitation in mid-March.

At assisted-living facilities, some indoor visits will be permitted, provided there are plexiglass barriers, there are no active cases of the novel coronavirus among residents and there are no confirmed cases among staff in the last two weeks. Physical contact between residents and visitors will not be permitted, state officials said.

The restrictions are tighter on nursing facilities, which must test staff members weekly and can offer only outdoor visits.

This is a rapidly evolving situation and we are constantly assessing what actions are necessary to keep residents and staff safe in these facilities, said Phil Wilson, the acting executive commissioner of Texas Health and Human Services Commission. By following these procedures and rules, facilities can more effectively prevent the spread of COVID-19 and help us achieve our shared goal of reuniting residents with their families and friends.

The dramatic increase in the number of COVID-19 cases across Texas in June and July led to another surge in long-term care facilities, with 57% of nursing homes still reporting at least one active case Thursday. Deaths in nursing homes and assisted-living facilities account for more than a third of Texas death toll.

Despite the need to protect a high-risk population, families and advocates have been urging the state to allow for limited visitation.

Families are just desperate right now to be able to see their loved ones, Alexa Schoeman, deputy state ombudsman in HHSCs office of the long-term care ombudsman, said in an interview last week.

Kevin Warren, president and CEO of the Texas Health Care Association, called Thursdays announcement a great step forward. In an interview last week, he said reconnecting families with their loved ones was a priority and that it should be done as quickly as we can.

Some Texas lawmakers had been agitating for a policy change for weeks. Last month, state Rep. Scott Sanford, R-McKinney, and state Sen. Charles Perry, R-Lubbock, along with dozens of other signatories, asked state health officials to loosen restrictions on visitations for patients with memory difficulties and mental disabilities.

We will not stand to let these Texans fall through the cracks, they wrote.

Clarification: An earlier version of this story said inside visits would be allowed at long-term care facilities. Inside visits will only be allowed at assisted-living facilities, but not nursing homes. Both are considered long-term care facilities.

Texas Health Care Association has been a financial supporter of The Texas Tribune, a nonprofit, nonpartisan news organization that is funded in part by donations from members, foundations and corporate sponsors. Financial supporters play no role in the Tribune's journalism. Find a complete list of them here.

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As cases in Africa pass one million, Nigeria has tested less than 1% of its population. Here’s why. – CNN

As of early Friday morning, Africa had recorded a total of 1,008,154 cases, and more than half of these are in South Africa.

Dr. Matshidiso Moeti, of the World Health Organization, said the cases are a small fraction of the global count but low testing in many African countries means infections have been under-reported.

The health agency said while testing facilities have increased in some countries compared to when the outbreak began in February, Africa still fell behind the global benchmark.

"The challenge is how to decentralize these tests available in states and in countries like Nigeria where we need to get to people in the local governments," the agency's program manager for emergency response for Africa, Dr. Michel Yao told CNN.

Long test result turnaround time

Nigeria, the African nation with the largest population, has tested less than one percent of its 200 million inhabitants as of Friday, and some in the country say getting a coronavirus test can be challenge.

On Monday, the state's governor, Babajide Sanwo-Olu, announced that worship centers can accommodate half their capacity during services and restaurants are back in business, citing a steady decline in cases.

There are concerns that people there are self-managing their symptoms at home. Lagos has tested 66,431 samples so far, a fraction of its 20 million residents.

One resident told CNN he waited for two weeks to get a test at a government laboratory after he fell ill in June.

"I was going there many times, and it was not until my daughter made many calls, and I ran into a doctor friend who was at the hospital that day that I was able to do the test," Segun Bello-Osagie said.

Patient turned back

Bello-Osagie said a nurse turned him back at the first hospital where he sought treatment when he became sick.

"I was not allowed into the consulting area, and the nurse was shouting that I should not come in even though I was wearing a face mask, and she was dressed like an astronaut," Osagie-Bello told CNN.

"She said, 'We can't help you here, we don't attend to Covid people here,' even though I hadn't even been tested."

She referred him to a government hospital in the city attending to coronavirus cases. Osagie-Bello said he went home instead, fearing he may not endure the long drive and traffic to the hospital.

He said he began using herbal therapies that many claimed had helped them when they had similar symptoms while he self-isolated at home.

Osagie-Bello says that even though the government has proactively deployed measures to check the virus spread, the delays patients face could discourage them from going to hospitals.

"I know some people who have had symptoms suspected to be Covid-19 gave up on getting testing," he told CNN. He added that some hospital officials may tell patients to come back the next day.

Chike Ihekweazu, director of the Nigerian Center for Disease Control, acknowledged the slow turnaround time for testing and said the response was partly due to the challenge the country faced initially trying to repurpose its laboratories to test for the virus.

Ihekwaezu said South Africa in contrast, which has the highest numbers of testing on the continent and the highest numbers of cases, was able to easily do this.

"We recognise that improving access to testing for COVID-19 is a major priority. We will continue to work closely with other stakeholders and partners to ensure that Nigerians can be tested in a timely manner that will also contribute to the control of this outbreak," Ihekweazu told CNN.

Another barrier to testing is cost, according to Mobihealth International CEO Funmi Adewara, whose organization is among those assisting laboratories with Covid-19 test sample collection, says.

Private facilities charge $132 for tests in addition to the cost of processing the tests. The fee, she says, is prohibitive for a majority of Nigerians without health insurance. Many hit by the economic impact of Nigeria's five-week lockdown to tackle the pandemic.

"How many people have that kind of money to pay for this test?" Adewara said.

She add that Nigeria's testing model excludes asymptomatic carriers, a critical data point that could give health officials a clearer insight into the outbreak in the country.

"We haven't tested enough to the point that we have data to interpret the pattern of infections if we're only testing those with symptoms, but the good thing is that the mortality rate seems low going by official figures," Adewara told CNN.

Dealing with a new virus

There are now more testing facilities but Yao with the WHO said the global demand for test kits has limited Africa's testing capabilities as international suppliers prioritize requests from countries in Europe, Latin America and the US with larger caseloads than most African countries.

But the African Union in partnership with aid organizations, including the WHO and the Jack Ma Foundation, has launched an initiative to aggregate demand across African countries to mobilize suppliers to produce more kits, according to Yao.

"We need to test wider and wider, not only those who are sick to be more confident so we're not swimming in the dark," Yao said

Go here to see the original:

As cases in Africa pass one million, Nigeria has tested less than 1% of its population. Here's why. - CNN

Infections Swamp the U.S., Which Recorded 42% of All Its Coronavirus Cases in July – The New York Times

The U.S. reels as July cases more than double the total of any other month.

The United States recorded more than 1.9 million new infections in July, nearly 42 percent of the more than 4.5 million cases reported nationwide since the pandemic began and more than double the number documented in any other month, according to data compiled by The New York Times. The previous monthly high came in April, when more than 880,000 new cases were recorded.

The virus is picking up dangerous speed in much of the Midwest and in states from Mississippi to Florida to California that thought they had already seen the worst of it.

Gone is any sense that the country may soon get ahold of the pandemic. The seven-day average for daily new infections has hovered around 65,000 for the past two weeks, more than doubling the peak average from the spring, when the country experienced what was essentially its first wave.

In many states, distressed government officials are re-tightening restrictions on residents and businesses, and sounding warnings about a rise in virus-related hospitalizations.

Across the country, deaths from the virus continued to rise after a steep drop from the mid-April peaks of about 2,200 a day. At the start of July, the average death toll was about 500 per day. Over the last week, it has averaged more than 1,000 daily, with many of those concentrated in Sun Belt states.

The Northeast, once the viruss biggest hot spot, has improved considerably since its peak in April. Yet cases are now increasing slightly in New Jersey, Rhode Island and Massachusetts, as residents move around more freely and gather more frequently in groups.

The picture is similarly distressing overseas, where even governments that would seem well suited to combating the virus are seeing surges.

New daily infections in Japan, a country with a long tradition of wearing face masks, rose more than 50 percent in July. Australia, which can cut itself off from the rest of the world more easily than most, is battling a wave of infections in and around Melbourne. Hong Kong, Israel and Spain are also fighting second waves.

None of those places has an infection rate as high as the one in the United States, which has the most cases and deaths in the world.

Top U.S. officials work to break an impasse over the federal jobless benefit.

Hours after unemployment benefits for tens of millions of Americans lapsed, administration officials arrived on Capitol Hill on Saturday morning for a rare meeting with top congressional Democrats to discuss a coronavirus relief package and work to break an impasse over new aid as the American economy continues to shudder.

Speaker Nancy Pelosi of California, who hosted the meeting with Senator Chuck Schumer of New York in her Capitol Hill suite, emerged after three hours and said the discussion was productive in terms of moving us forward, but they remained far apart on a number of issues. They declined to offer specifics, but said that staff would meet on Sunday and that the principal negotiators would again convene on Monday for another meeting.

Here we have this drastic challenge and what they were saying before is, Were going to cut your benefit, Ms. Pelosi said. Thats, shall we say, the discussions were having.

This is not a usual discussion, because the urgency is so great healthwise, financial health-wise, she added.

Also in attendance were Mark Meadows, the White House chief of staff, and Steven Mnuchin, the Treasury secretary. (Mr. Mnuchin observed before entering Ms. Pelosis suite that it was just another working day in the Capitol.)

Among the largest sticking points in the discussion is a $600 weekly federal jobless benefit that became a lifeline for tens of millions of unemployed Americans, while also helping prop up the economy. The aid expired at midnight as officials in Washington failed to agree on a new relief bill, but Mr. Meadows and Mr. Mnuchin said there were signs that the two sides could begin to reach common ground, including on reviving a federal moratorium on evictions and funding for schools and child care.

Theres things we agree on. Theres things we dont agree on, Mr. Mnuchin said after the meeting. Were trying to narrow down the things we dont agree on. Obviously any negotiation is a compromise.

Joblessness remains at record levels, with some 30 million Americans receiving unemployment benefits. More than 1.4 million newly filed for state unemployment benefits last week the 19th straight week that the tally had exceeded one million, an unheard-of figure before the pandemic.

Nearly 11 percent of Americans have said that they live in households where there is not enough to eat, according to a recent Census Bureau survey, and more than a quarter have missed a rent or mortgage payment.

The benefits expiration will force Louise Francis, who worked as a banquet cook at the Sheraton Hotel in New Orleans for nearly two decades before being furloughed last spring, to get by on just state unemployment benefits, which for her come to $247 a week.

With the $600, you could see your way a little bit, said Ms. Francis, 59. You could feel a little more comfortable. You could pay three or four bills and not feel so far behind.

The aid lapsed as Republicans and Democrats in Washington remained far apart on what the next round of virus relief should look like.

Democrats wanted to extend the $600 weekly payments through the end of the year, as part of an expansive $3 trillion aid package that would also help state and local governments. Republicans, worried that the $600 benefit left some people with more money than when they were working, sought to scale it back to $200 per week as part of a $1 trillion proposal and have begun to push the prospect of doing a short-term package that deals with just a few issues, including the unemployment insurance benefit.

Theyve made clear that theres a desire on their part to do an entire package, Mr. Mnuchin said of Democrats. Weve made clear that were really willing to deal with the short-term issues, pass something quickly and come back to the larger issues so were at an impasse on that.

Democrats have rejected a short-term proposal.

Its outbreak untamed, Melbourne goes into even greater lockdown.

Officials in Melbourne, Australias second-largest city, announced stricter measures on Sunday in an effort to stem an outbreak that is still raging despite a lockdown that began four weeks ago.

For six weeks starting Sunday, residents of metropolitan Melbourne will be under curfew from 8 p.m. to 5 a.m. except for purposes of work or giving and receiving care.

As under the current lockdown, acceptable reasons for leaving the house include shopping for essential goods and services, medical care and caregiving, and necessary exercise, work and study. But food shopping is now limited to one person per household per day and outdoor exercise is limited to one hour per person per day, both within five kilometers of home. Public gatherings are limited to two people, including household members.

In explaining the new measures, Premier Daniel Andrews said that the high rate of community transmission, including 671 new cases reported in the state of Victoria on Sunday, suggested the virus was even more widespread than known.

Youve got to err on the side of caution and go further and go harder, he said.

Less stringent restrictions are being introduced in the rest of the state starting at midnight on Wednesday, and further measures regarding businesses will be announced on Monday.

Victoria has had a total of 11,557 cases, almost all of them in metropolitan Melbourne, and 123 deaths.

Global roundup

An estimated 17,000 Germans packed the heart of Berlin on Saturday, defying public health requirements to maintain a safe distance from one another, or cover their noses and faces, before Berlin police moved to break up the demonstration against the countrys efforts to fight the spread of coronavirus.

The protest, under the motto Day of Freedom a title shared by a 1935 Nazi propaganda film by Leni Riefenstahl was supported by known neo-Nazi groups and conspiracy theorists, along with Germans who say they are fed up with the government-imposed restrictions on public life. Germany enforced a strict lockdown from mid-March that has been lifted in stages since the end of April, but large public gatherings are still banned and requirements for wearing masks on public transportation and in all stores remain.

A majority of Germans support the measures, but public health officials worry that people are becoming more lax, as the past weeks have seen a rise in new infections. On Saturday, 955 new cases were reported, compared with 580 two weeks ago.

Protesters at the demonstration blew whistles, heckled and jeered anyone wearing a mask, and carried the red, white and black flag of the 19th-century German Empire. They also carried signs equating the government-imposed restrictions to the Nazis forcing Jews to wear yellow stars. One banner, emblazoned with images of Chancellor Angela Merkel, her health minister and leading German public health officials, as well as Bill Gates, demanded: Lock Them Up Already!

Here are some other developments from around the globe:

South Africa on Saturday surpassed 500,000 coronavirus infections, according to Johns Hopkins University and Medicine, fifth most in the world. More than 10,100 new cases had been recorded, South Africas Department of Health said, adding virus-related deaths had risen to 8,153. South Africa in March quickly became Africas first epicenter and the first country on the continent to impose a severe lockdown, restricting travel between provinces.

Belgium on Saturday announced that its number of confirmed coronavirus infections had doubled in one week. On average about 448 people per day tested positive from July 22 to July 28, the Belgian health authorities said. The city of Antwerp was of particular concern, officials said.

Kuwait on Saturday began to resume some commercial flights after a five-month suspension. It announced that flights would remain suspended from 31 countries, including India, China and Brazil. Flights are also still barred from some countries that were once major hot spots, such as Spain and Italy, but not the United States, which remains a global epicenter. Kuwait, with its relatively small population, has one of the highest infection rates in the world. Its 1,618 cases per 100,000 people is the sixth highest globally, according to a New York Times database.

Prime Minister Boris Johnson of Britain announced that lockdown measures that were set to be lifted Saturday would continue for two more weeks, as case numbers in the country rise. Restrictions remain on indoor performances, casinos, wedding receptions and other gatherings, which Mr. Johnson said he knew would come as a real blow to some people. But it was necessary to apply the brake pedal, he said, in order to stem the spread of the virus.

In Vietnam, the city of Danang plans to test its entire population for the coronavirus, the local authorities said, after dozens of cases there showed how the disease can stalk even places that were thought to have eradicated the virus. As the country went more than three months without reporting any local transmission or even a single death from the virus, up to 800,000 domestic tourists flocked to Danang, a coastal city known for its golden beaches. Vietnam has now recorded three deaths and almost 600 cases, although many are returnees in quarantine.

As of Saturday night, Mexicos confirmed death toll of 47,472 was the worlds third highest behind the United States and Brazil. Britain ranked fourth, with 495 fewer deaths. The number of new reported infections in Mexico has been climbing since May and topped 9,000 for the first time on Saturday, bringing the countrys caseload to nearly 435,000.

Officials in Poland are considering new lockdown restrictions after the country reported record numbers of new coronavirus cases for three days in a row. The health minister told a local radio station this could include reducing the number of people allowed to attend weddings, according to Reuters. The country has reported 46,346 total cases and 3,650 deaths.

Thirty-six crew members aboard a Norwegian cruise ship tested positive for the virus, Hurtigruten, the ships operator, said in a statement over the weekend. None of those who tested positive showed any symptoms, the statement said. According to the company, 387 guests who may have been exposed to infected crew members during two trips on the ship in July will self-quarantine in accordance with Norways public health regulations.

Representative Ral M. Grijalva, Democrat of Arizona, has tested positive for the coronavirus three days after isolating because he came into contact with another lawmaker who had contracted it.

Mr. Grijalva, who has no symptoms, is the 11th lawmaker to test positive, according to a tally maintained by GovTrack.

It is unclear where he contracted the virus, but Mr. Grijalva has been in self-isolation since Wednesday, when Representative Louie Gohmert, a Texas Republican who has frequently spurned wearing a mask during the pandemic, said he had tested positive. Mr. Grijalva said he had had extended contact with Mr. Gohmert during a congressional hearing held by the Natural Resources Committee, the panel that he leads.

While I cannot blame anyone directly for this, this week has shown that there are some members of Congress who fail to take this crisis seriously, Mr. Grijalva, 72, said in a statement on Saturday, in what appeared to be a veiled reference to Mr. Gohmert. Numerous Republican members routinely strut around the Capitol without a mask to selfishly make a political statement at the expense of their colleagues, staff, and their families.

A spokesman for Mr. Grijalva said he would quarantine for two weeks in Washington, and some of the representatives staff would also be tested.

Mr. Grijalvas diagnosis comes as lawmakers and the many aides and staff members who shuttle in and out of the Capitol daily are grappling with the lack of consistent procedures for protecting one another. Speaker Nancy Pelosi of California and Senator Mitch McConnell of Kentucky, the majority leader, have so far rejected enforcing a rapid-test system for Capitol Hill similar to the one used at the White House, particularly given testing shortages and delays around the country.

In addition to the lawmakers who have tested positive, the virus has spread among the workers who quietly power the Capitol. At least 27 Capitol Police employees, 33 contractors on a construction site and 25 employees of the Architect of the Capitol have tested positive, and dozens more have entered voluntary isolation because of exposure, according to a tally from Republicans on the House Administration Committee.

Florida, home to one of the worst coronavirus outbreaks in the United States, braced for the arrival of Isaias on Saturday.

The states battle with the virus could make evacuating homes and entering community shelters especially risky. Friday was the third consecutive day that Florida broke its record for the most deaths reported in a single day, according to a New York Times database.

Floridians spent Saturday preparing for wind gusts up to 80 miles per hour and dangerous coastal surf.

The storm was downgraded from a Category 1 hurricane to a tropical storm, after it raked parts of Puerto Rico and the Dominican Republic and battered the Bahamas. State officials said Isaias would probably regain its strength as the evening progressed. Dont be fooled by the downgrade, warned Gov. Ron DeSantis at a news conference.

Mr. DeSantis said that the division of emergency management had been working at its most active level since March, allowing them to actively plan for hurricane season even while responding to the Covid-19 pandemic.

Early in the pandemic, he added, the division created a reserve of protective equipment for hurricane season, including 20 million masks, 22 million gloves and 1.6 million face shields.

Forecasters said Saturday that the storms projected path had shifted slightly eastward, and that the storm could potentially make landfall over Palm Beach, Jacksonville and other coastal cities.

Up the coast, officials in Georgia, South Carolina and North Carolina states where there has been a dramatic rise in new reported coronavirus cases since mid-June were closely monitoring the storm.

Earlier, the storm hit the Bahamas as it is grappling with a rapid increase in the number of coronavirus infections that has only accelerated in recent days, in what health officials are calling a second wave.

A golfer tests positive midway through a PGA Tour event, withdrawing while tied for second place.

Branden Grace wasnt feeling well on Friday night, after the second round of the Barracuda Championship in Truckee, Calif., so he contacted PGA Tour officials and arranged to be tested for the coronavirus on Saturday morning.

When the test came back positive, Grace had to withdraw from the tournament while he was tied for second place.

Given my position on the leaderboard it was a difficult decision, but nonetheless, the correct one for my fellow competitors & the volunteers, Grace, a 32-year-old South African who has won one event in his career on the tour, wrote in a statement he posted on Twitter.

Graces infection will prevent him from participating next weekend in the P.G.A. Championship in San Francisco, the first mens major tournament of the year, which was postponed for three months.

Since the PGA Tour resumed in early June after a three-month shutdown, several golfers including the highly ranked Brooks Koepka and Webb Simpson have had to withdraw from tournaments because they, their caddies or a close relative tested positive.

The disruption, however, has not been nearly as broad as the one in Major League Baseball, which on Saturday announced four more positive tests among members of the St. Louis Cardinals traveling party one player and three staff members and postponed the teams weekend series with the Milwaukee Brewers.

The Cardinals, who also had two players receive positive tests on Friday, now have six positives in their traveling party and have become the second team, after the Miami Marlins, to experience an outbreak less than two weeks into the truncated M.L.B. season. The Marlins have had 20 people, including 18 players, test positive since last Sunday.

And the Boston Red Sox announced that starting pitcher Eduardo Rodriguez, 27, who had been infected before the start of the season, will not play this year after developing myocarditis, or inflammation of the heart.

The hosts of a summer camp in Georgia said over the weekend that they regretted hosting the lakeside retreat in June, after health officials said more than three-quarters of tested campers and staffers had been infected.

The virus quickly spread through Camp High Harbour, which is run by the YMCA of Metropolitan Atlanta, in June, after a teenage counselor got chills and later tested positive. The camp began sending children home the next day, and shut down not long after, but at that point, about 260 campers and staff members had already been infected, according to a report issued Friday by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The report said that the C.D.C. had data for 344 campers and staffers who were tested, and that there were about 250 more whose data the C.D.C. did not have.

The C.D.C. did not name the camp, but the YMCA of Metropolitan Atlanta soon acknowledged that it was Camp High Harbour, which is held in northern Georgia.

Parrish Underwood, the YMCA branchs chief advancement officer, said the YMCA had hosted the camp at the request of some parents who hoped it would allow for normalcy in their childrens lives.

This weighed heavily in our decision to open, a decision in retrospect we now regret, Mr. Underwood said in a statement.

All campers passed screenings of some kind, he said, and the counselor who first tested positive for the coronavirus had provided a negative test and had no symptoms when he first arrived.

The C.D.C. said the camp had required staff members to wear masks but did not require the children to do so. The report found that the camp also did not open windows and doors to increase circulation and that campers stayed overnight in cabins, with an average of 15 people sleeping in each.

Georgia was one of the first states to reopen restaurants, movie theaters and other public gathering places in April. Gov. Brian Kemp has recently been urging districts to reopen their classrooms, and one high school opened on Friday, its scheduled start date.

Since mid-June, the state has had a sharp rise in coronavirus cases, and it is now reporting an average of more than 3,000 cases and 45 deaths each day.

One of the most important aspects of curtailing the spread of the virus is understanding where people are being infected. This week the Maryland Department of Health released new data from its contact-tracing program that provides an informative if limited view of the patterns of behavior of people who tested positive.

The numbers do not show where virus transmission occurred only what activities people had engaged in. After conducting contact-tracing interviews with people with the virus, the state found:

44 percent had attended a family gathering.

23 percent had attended a house party.

23 percent had dined indoors at a restaurant.

23 percent had dined outdoors at a restaurant.

54 percent worked outside the home.

25 percent worked in health care.

The health department did not say how many patients were interviewed, or when people had attended the events.

Im really excited to see that theyre putting data on this out, said Dr. Crystal Watson, an assistant professor in the department of environmental health and engineering at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. But its a little hard to interpret.

Dr. Watson said it would help to know if people had worn masks at the family gatherings and practiced social distancing. She said she was struck by the fact that only 12 percent of the people interviewed were workers in the restaurant and food service industry, given the risks of exposure.

Here are some other developments from around the United States:

The cumulative death toll in Florida surpassed 7,000 on Saturday after a surge in deaths in the state over the past week. Florida recorded 257 deaths on Friday, a single-day record that also represented nearly one-fifth of all the deaths reported in the United States that day.

Three staffers and one player for the St. Louis Cardinals tested positive for the virus, prompting the team to postpone a game on Saturday against the Milwaukee Brewers for the second day in a row. The team had announced that two other players tested positive on Friday.

Single-day records for cases were reported in Oklahoma and Puerto Rico, each with over 1,000.

The Navajo Nation Council passed a $651 million bill responding to the economic crisis created by the pandemic. The bill includes funding for water projects, power lines, broadband and casino employees who have been laid off. The funding for the bill comes from the Navajo Nations share of $8 billion in federal coronavirus relief funding that was designated for tribes. The situation has been stark in the Navajo Nation, where high infection rates have created a crisis in the largest reservation in the United States.

The Serum Institute, which started out years ago as a horse farm and is exclusively controlled by a small and fabulously rich Indian family, is doing what few other companies in the race for a vaccine are doing: mass-producing hundreds of millions of doses of a vaccine candidate that might not even work.

But if it does, Adar Poonawalla, Serums chief executive and the only child of the companys founder, will become one of the most tugged-at men in the world. He will have what everyone wants, possibly in greater quantities before anyone else.

Originally posted here:

Infections Swamp the U.S., Which Recorded 42% of All Its Coronavirus Cases in July - The New York Times

What is atheism? | CARM.org

by Matt Slick

The word atheism comes from the negative a which means no, and theos which means god. Hence, atheism in the most basic terms means no god. Atheism is the lack of belief in a god and/or the belief that there is no god. By contrast, theism is the belief that there is a God and that he is knowable and that he is involved in the world. Most atheists do not consider themselves anti-theists but merely non-theists.

I've encountered many atheists who claim that atheism is not a belief system while others say it is. Since there is no official atheist organization, nailing down which description of atheism to use can be difficult. Nevertheless, the following are some definitions offered by atheists. Whichever definition you accept, atheism denies God.

There are two main categories of atheists: strong and weak with variations in between. Strong atheists actively believe and state that no God exists. They expressly denounce the Christian God along with any other god. Strong atheists are usually more aggressive in their conversations with theists and try to shoot holes in theistic beliefs. They like to use logic and anti-biblical evidence to denounce God's existence. They are active, often aggressive, and openly believe that there is no God.

Agnostic Atheists, as I call them, are those who deny God's existence based on an examination of evidence. Agnosticism means 'not knowing' or 'no knowledge.' I call them agnostic because they state they have looked at the evidence and have concluded there is no God, but they say they are open to further evidence for God's existence.

Weak atheists simply exercise no faith in God. The weak atheist might be better explained as a person who lacks belief in God the way a person might lack belief that there is a green lizard in a rocking chair on the moon; it isn't an issue. He doesn't believe it or not believe it.

Finally, there is a group of atheists that I call militant atheists. They are, fortunately, few in number. They are usually highly insulting and profoundly terse in their comments to theists and particularly Christians. Ive encountered a few of them; and they are vile, rude, and highly condescending. Their language is full of insults, profanity, and blasphemies. Basically, no meaningful conversation can be held with them.

Atheist positions seem to fall into two main categories. The first is the lack-of-evidence category where the atheist asserts that the supporting evidence isn't good enough for him to affirm God's existence. The second is the category where the atheistbelieves that the idea of God's existence is illogical and contrary to the evidence at hand. To simplify, one position says there isn't enough evidence to conclude that God exists, and the other position says the evidence is contrary to God's existence. For those atheists who simply lack belief and exercise no energy in the discussion, neither category applies because they are not involved in the debate. But, some of those who claim to lack belief in God are often involved in discussions where they are arguing against God's existence.

A typical argument posed by an atheist to show why God does not exist is as follows: God is supposed to be all good and all-powerful. Evil and suffering exist in the world. If God is all good, he would not want evil and suffering to exist. If He is all-powerful, then He is able to remove all evil and suffering.Since evil and suffering exist, God is either not all good (which means he is not perfect and not God), or he is not all powerful (and limited in abilities and scope). Since either case shows God is not all good and powerful, then He does not exist. Of course, the problem is that the criticism is a false dichotomy. In other words, there are more than two possibilities; namely, God might have a reason for allowing evil and suffering; man's freedom might require the allowance of evil and suffering, etc.

Presuppositions are important to us all. We look at the world through them. The atheist has a set of presuppositions, too. As I said, there is no definitive atheist organization that defines the absolutes of atheism, but there are basic principles that atheists, as a whole, tend to adopt. I've tried to list some of them below. Please note, however, that not all atheists accept all of these tenets. The only absolute common one to which they hold is that they do not believe in a God or gods.

For the Christian, atheism clashes with many aspects of our faith. Some atheists openly attack Christianity--citing apparent contradictions in the Bible, perceived philosophical difficulties related to God, and what they consider as logical evidences against God's existence. But the atheists' criticisms are not without very good answers as you will see in the coming papers.

Link:

What is atheism? | CARM.org

9 of the Best Books About Astronomy – Book Riot

When I was a kid, I loved space. I loved it so much that after seeing the movie Space Camp, I begged my parents to let me go to NASAs Space Camp. I never did get to go, and after a while, my love for astronomy seemed to wane; one of those interests you have as a child that burns brightly for a while, intense and deep, and then eventually cools off and darkens. Sometimes, years later, if youre lucky, it gets reignited. Books are a great way to dive back into an old passion, and these books about and related to astronomy are a great way to get back into the subject, or even good introductions to it. If youre looking for even more out-of-this-world (sorry, I couldnt resist) suggestions, check out these books on astrophysics and women in space.

This is a gorgeously illustrated book that combines mythology, science, and art to create an engaging text about the night sky. It includes the Milky Way, the sun, the moon, constellations, planets, deep space, and more. Oseid writes in an accessible way thats perfect for both kids and adults, and the book is chock-full of information with visuals that nicely complement the text.

Dr. Adern-Pocock is a big fan of the moonand this book showcases her passion well. This is a comprehensive, detailed book about all things lunar: from moon basics to a cultural examination of the moon within our culture, to what we know about the moon right now, and finally, to the future of lunar exploration, this book has it all. Even when discussing the most minute details of lunar astronomy, Dr. Adern-Pocock makes these details fascinating and easy to understand.

This is more astronomy-adjacent, but bear with me here. Dr. Sara Seager is a planetary scientist, and in this memoir, not only do we learn how she came to love astronomy, but we also see how it grounded her (no pun intended) after her husband died when she was 40, leaving her with two small children. This is a story of connection and discovery, of figuring out a way through grief, and the magic not just of the workings of the galaxy, but of the workings of relationships right here on Earth.

This might be one of the more complicated books on the list, but its well worth it. Dr. Michio Kaku, a physicist and futurist, has written multiple astronomy books. This one looks at the idea of a sustainable civilization in outer space, through robotics, nanotechnology, and biotechnology. He doesnt stop at just exploring the galaxy, thoughhe also discusses wormholes, parallel universes, and the multiverse. Dr. Kakus enthusiasm and excellent writing makes this a dense but enjoyable read if you want to take a deep dive into the universe.

Theres a reason the BBC chose this book as one of the Best Astronomy and Space Books of 2019. Humorous and full of interesting information about the planets, this is an extensive but easily readable book that looks at the solar system. It delves into the history of the planets, planetary exploration, satellites, and much more. Murdin brings each planet to life with fun and fascinating details about them.

Solvig is a commercial deep-sea diver, but has secretly wanted to be one of the first people on Marsand she might get her chance when shes one of 100 people shortlisted for the Mars Project. Theres a tradeoff, though: to do what shes always wanted to do, she would have to leave everything else behind forever. This book looks at the questions many women grapple with: starting a family, the tradeoffs between work and home life, compromise in relationships, and what can feel like the weight of ambition.

A storybook collection that can be enjoyed by the entire family, this book contains myths and legends from all over the world about the constellations. People have been making up stories about the constellations for thousands of years, and this collection contains a variety of tales from all over, including the South Pacific, Ancient Greece, China, India, and North and South America. Paired with beautiful illustrations, these stories bring the stars to life.

Dr. Sarah Stewart Johnson has always been fascinated by Mars, and this book traces not only her personal fascination with the planet, but also her research work about Mars, as well as the stories of others who have been fascinated by the planet. While the book may be about searching for life on a planet that at first glance seems very different from Earth, its also about what we hope to find in our own lives.

If you havent read this yet, add this to your TBR pile immediately. Theres a reason this is destined to be a classic, IMO. This book follows the human computers who helped get astronauts onto the moon, particularly four Black women: Christine Darden, Mary Jackson, Dorothy Vaughn, and Katherine Johnson. Jim Crow laws were still in effect, and this book looks at varying intersectionalities: the mathematicians being female, as well as Black, at a time when both groups were seen as less than, compared to white men. The book follows them for almost 30 years, and is a must-read if you want to learn more about NASAs history.

Continued here:

9 of the Best Books About Astronomy - Book Riot

Prof Melvin Hoare is Driving Development in Africa with Radio Astronomy – Space in Africa

In 2014, a human capital development project was initiated through a joint UK-South Africa Newton Fund to help drive economic development in Africa. Development in Africa with Radio Astronomy (DARA) project aims to develop high tech skills using radio astronomy in some African countries and also provide a pool of talented young people who have been inspired by astronomy to play a leading role in the emergence of new economies.

Space in Africa had a chat with Prof. Melvin Hoare of the University of Leeds. He is leading the DARA project and related projects that provide training and entrepreneurial skills to the first generation of radio astronomers in Africa. With a research interest focusing on the formation of massive stars, Prof Hoare is on the Science Working Group for the Square Kilometer Array (SKA) project and chair the Consortium of Universities for Goonhilly Astronomy (CUGA) project.

The hosting of the Square Kilometre Array radio telescope in South Africa played a crucial role in Professor Hoares decision to set up DARA. A precursor project, the African VLBI Network, includes the deployment of a network of radio telescopes across the eight countries (SKA AVN partners of South Africa are: Botswana, Ghana, Kenya, Madagascar, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, and Zambia.). The first of these radio telescopes, upcycled from a defunct 32-m telecoms dish, was inaugurated in Ghana.

In 2018, the DARA project won the Better Satellite World Award alongside Goonhilly Earth Station, its commercial partner. The SSPIs Better Satellite World Awards programme celebrates innovation in space and satellite sector by honouring established companies as well as disruptors globally, and particularly in the UK and Europe, for their role on helping make our world a more prosperous, healthier, better-educated, more sustainable and inclusive home for all humankind.

What initiated the DARA project?

I was following the whole SKA project, and from a scientific point of view, I was interested in the array of dishes proposed to be built in Africa. Then we started looking for collaborations in Africa from that perspective. A couple of us visited Africa to make the collaboration, and we saw the whole idea behind the radio dishes network project which got South Africa and Ghana talking. Around that period, I got an email regarding a UK-Ghana collaboration grant and thinking about what Ghana and South Africa were doing; we set out to fill the gap in training people to operate and use telescope dishes across Africa. South Africa was already training some people from the partner countries, but not enough for sustainable radio astronomy groups.

It was an opportunity to combine my deep interest in Africa with my day job at the University. Ever since then, it has been an exciting journey. After checking the guidelines with the UK Royal Society, we applied for the grant, got it and started implementation with Ghana. After this period, the British government launched the Newton Fund for developmental projects and programs which you can use for scientific collaborations as far as it is addressing a development problem. We then started trying to figure out how training radio astronomers will help the economy. We were already involved in a project turning a dish into a telescope in the UK, and we have seen companies do this around here, which was like the Ghana situation.

We linked the whole project with commercial space sector and brought in one of the companies named Goonhily Earth Station Ltd. We then teach people in radio astronomy and train them to translate the knowledge into other industries such as SatCom, Remote Sensing and Big Data industry.

Please give us an overview of your activities and success stories

We started with Ghana, then expand to 4 countries, and now we operate in eight countries in Africa. DARA currently runs a basic training programme in radio astronomy in Botswana, Kenya, Madagascar, Mozambique, Mauritius, Namibia, Zambia and Ghana. Today we have trained up to 260 people across the continent; however, things are currently on hold due to the ongoing pandemic.

At the top level, its a joint UK/South Africa project because South Africa provided resources to match the UKs Newton funding. In each country, we take ten students per year, people who have already graduated bachelors; and then we give them an introduction to radio astronomy course. The basic training is eight weeks, spread over a year, including four weeks at the telescope site for hands-on experience. We also give computer programming skills in Python. In the final weeks, we go out and apply these to teach how to perform data reduction for radio astronomy using Linux, Python and other software. We also fund masters and PhD in the UK. We have about 20-30 now.

What do you consider as the most significant contributions of DARA project to Astronomy development in Africa?

Capacity development is vital, and we have made a significant impact on this. Some of the PhD students are rounding up now, and they are returning to their respective countries. We hope people come out of the program and work at regions where these telescopes are being developed. Hopefully, the Universities across Africa will also be hiring these people so they can start implementing academic astronomy programs across the countries. The goal is for them to be self-sustainable, so they operate the facilities in Africa, create related business and create jobs.

We are also committed to addressing developmental challenges in these countries with knowledge of Astronomy and associated skills. For example, we had one of the training in Zambia, and one of the participants with a background in environmental engineering realized he could use data from satellites to improve his companys business operations. He literally got the job because he was trained on the DARA project, which impressed the selection panel. We have another person in Zambia trying to improve GPS connectivity in the country.

We have also hired a part-time business consultant who advises DARA trainees who have gone through the training to develop their business plans and all.

Are you incubating startups from this program?

We are not incubating, but advising, we have worked with Office for Astronomy Development (OAD) in the past to provide some funding like 5,000 to execute projects. In Kenya, for example, a project implementing Astro-tourism got the grant.

Why the eight countries and not entire Africa?

The countries were pre-selected due to the SKA partnership. Ghana is the only place with a dish; other countries are still waiting. The initial plan was to convert some of the dishes in other countries.

What role do you think Astronomy plays in the development of the African region?

It is one of those topics that get young people excited. Astronomy is a perfect tool to get young people interested in science, and you can use it as a hook to get people into STEM.

Most people who study Astronomy and Physics in Africa end up jobless and some transition into other fields because of limited opportunities in the area. How do you think this can be addressed?

It surprised me when I first went to Africa, and Ive also heard this from professors in Africa. It is similar in Europe but maybe a little different. For example, we graduate 40 students in a year in my program in the UK, and most dont end up in the field. Even in Europe, they all go up into various things, some start their business, some transition into other industries and all. There is a lot of talk about Africa skipping into the 4th industrial revolution, going into the world of big data and all and I think Astronomy can play a useful role in this primarily because the knowledge can be used in other industries.

What are the future plans for DARA project in Africa?

We are coming to the end of the funding, but due to the ongoing pandemic, we expect it to be extended by a year till 2022. We need to find more funding if we want to continue, and we are still waiting for the UK government to set out their future spending plans. So far, we have had basic training and gotten people into masters and PhD programs. In the future, we want to fund Post-doctoral fellowships.

We also want to work more with African universities, support in supervising masters and PhD projects, help develop curriculum and do other research with them. Due to the SKA project, Africa is where radio astronomy will be in the future. We believe SKA should not be some giant project dropped on Africa and used by wealthy nations across the world. We want to ensure Africa has the needed talents for the project, create a bunch of jobs and high-tech industries.

To learn more about DARA project and to explore potential collaboration, visit the DARA website.

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Prof Melvin Hoare is Driving Development in Africa with Radio Astronomy - Space in Africa

World With nearly 4 million industrial robots by 2022, demand will rise for workers with robotics skills – Staffing Industry Analysts

06 August 2020

The International Federation of Robotics says there will be almost 4 million industrial robots in factories worldwide by 2022. And while that will drive demand for workers skilled in robots, countries must update their educational systems.

Governments and companies around the globe now need to focus on providing the right skills necessary to work with robots and intelligent automation systems, said Milton Guerry, president of the International Federation of Robotics.

This is important to take maximum advantage of the opportunities that these technologies offer, Guerry continued. The post-corona recovery will further accelerate the deployment of robotics. Policies and strategies are important to help workforces make the transition to a more automated economy.

The organisation cited research by The Economist Intelligence Unit that only four countries have already established mature education policies to deal with the challenges of an automated economy. South Korea was the leader, followed by Estonia, Singapore and Germany.

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World With nearly 4 million industrial robots by 2022, demand will rise for workers with robotics skills - Staffing Industry Analysts

Collaborative Robots Market Research Report by Component, by Payload Capacity, by Function, by Application, by Industry – Global Forecast to 2025 -…

New York, Aug. 06, 2020 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Reportlinker.com announces the release of the report "Collaborative Robots Market Research Report by Component, by Payload Capacity, by Function, by Application, by Industry - Global Forecast to 2025 - Cumulative Impact of COVID-19" - https://www.reportlinker.com/p05913886/?utm_source=GNW

The Global Collaborative Robots Market is expected to grow from USD 216.55 Million in 2019 to USD 1,438.93 Million by the end of 2025 at a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 37.11%.

Market Segmentation & Coverage:This research report categorizes the Collaborative Robots to forecast the revenues and analyze the trends in each of the following sub-markets:

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The report provides insights on the following pointers:1. Market Penetration: Provides comprehensive information on the market offered by the key players2. Market Development: Provides in-depth information about lucrative emerging markets and analyzes the markets3. Market Diversification: Provides detailed information about new product launches, untapped geographies, recent developments, and investments4. Competitive Assessment & Intelligence: Provides an exhaustive assessment of market shares, strategies, products, and manufacturing capabilities of the leading players5. Product Development & Innovation: Provides intelligent insights on future technologies, R&D activities, and new product developments

The report answers questions such as:1. What is the market size and forecast of the Global Collaborative Robots Market?2. What are the inhibiting factors and impact of COVID-19 shaping the Global Collaborative Robots Market during the forecast period?3. Which are the products/segments/applications/areas to invest in over the forecast period in the Global Collaborative Robots Market?4. What is the competitive strategic window for opportunities in the Global Collaborative Robots Market?5. What are the technology trends and regulatory frameworks in the Global Collaborative Robots Market?6. What are the modes and strategic moves considered suitable for entering the Global Collaborative Robots Market?Read the full report: https://www.reportlinker.com/p05913886/?utm_source=GNW

About ReportlinkerReportLinker is an award-winning market research solution. Reportlinker finds and organizes the latest industry data so you get all the market research you need - instantly, in one place.

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Collaborative Robots Market Research Report by Component, by Payload Capacity, by Function, by Application, by Industry - Global Forecast to 2025 -...

Apex in-game teaser sprays an R over Hammond Robotics signs in World’s Edge – Dot Esports

Hammond Robotics cant catch a break. Apex Legends latest teaser sprayed over the companys future worksites signs with a mysterious symbol, an R that could be a hint to the games next possible legend.

The signs were part of the first teaser for season six and anticipated that Hammond Robotics still had its sights on Worlds Edgepossibly even hinting at a map update. The latest teaser painted over the signs with a new symbol: a capital R circumscribed onto a semicircle with five dots on top. The community speculates that it could be a reference to a possible data-mined legend called Rampart.

Data miners pointed out that Rampart could be the next legend due to the sheer amount of her assets being added to the game files, including animation names, sprays, and possibly character art. Shrugtal, a prominent figure in the Apex community, compiled key bits of information about the legend in a video.

The mysterious R symbol has officially appeared in Apex before. Ramparts possible trademark is visible on reactive skins for both the Flatline and the Wingman, which could suggest that the legend is behind some of the weapon designs. Data-mined information points out that Rampart could be a gunsmith of sorts, and the shop R might be their way of promoting the business.

The R symbol seen on the signs also appears in the data-mined paintball hop-up, which will reportedly let players shoot colorful paint around the arena and give out some buffs for LMGs. The hop-up is consistent with the spray paint seen on the signs and could be a part of a future teaser.

Respawn hasnt officially confirmed the next legends identity, however. Even though data miners can be extremely accurate, the information in the game files can change before being deployed to the live servers. The only way to know with full certainty is to wait until an official release, which may be drawing close.

Respawn revealed the Always Be Closing Evolved limited-time mode yesterday, which is scheduled to take place between Aug. 11 and 18. That means the next season will likely kick off in mid-to-late August.

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Apex in-game teaser sprays an R over Hammond Robotics signs in World's Edge - Dot Esports

Townhall: Congressional and state efforts to reform doctrine of Qualified Immunity underway – Pacific Legal Foundation (PLF)

The killing of George Floyd in Minneapolis over Memorial Day Weekend sparked protests and nationwide discussions of race, police abuse and criminal justice reform a discussion that has yet to abate. His tragic death also renewed focus on a legal doctrine called qualified immunity that government bureaucrats and regulatory officers have used as a legal defense to violate peoples rights.

For decades, qualified immunity has enabled government officials ranging from irresponsible tax collectors to violent police officers to violate peoples rights, often with little to no consequences. What is qualified immunity, and why is it so damaging? A brief history lesson explains.

During Reconstruction following the Civil War, Congress created a simple law that made it easy for all Americans to demand the government follow the Constitution and the laws of the land. That law, known as 42 USC Section 1983, Civil Action for Deprivation of Rights, says that every government official who, under color of law (that is, while doing their government job), violates someones constitutional or statutory rights shall be liable (must pay damages) to the person who suffers that injury. In other words, if a government worker violates someones constitutional rights, they must pay that person for the damage caused.

This law was a response to the widespread harassment of freed slaves, and Congress was making it clear that it would no longer allow such harassment in the United States. Section 1983 effectively enforced the promises set out in the Bill of Rights and Reconstruction Amendments they were no longer just empty words on paper.

Despite the laws simplicity and power, the Supreme Court created and extended the doctrine of qualified immunity over the last half-century, undermining Section 1983. The doctrine holds that government officials, including law enforcement officers, can be sued successfully for damages in court for violating someones rights only if the constitutional violation is clearly established. That means there needs to be a prior precedent with virtually the same facts. In a world where government actors find myriad ways to violate your rights, finding a case exactly alike is not usually easy. And if there is no similar precedent, then your case is thrown out of court.

In practical terms, qualified immunity means that in almost all cases, if a government agent violates someones property rights, freedom of speech, or even physically injures them, the government agent cannot be held liable for damages (that is, money).

It was disappointing that the Supreme Court this past term declined to review several cases that would have laid the groundwork to reform if not end qualified immunity. However, two members of Congress have picked up the ball and taken steps to address qualified immunity. Rep. Justin Amash, a Michigan libertarian, and Sen. Mike Braun, an Indiana Republican, have presented welcome legislative proposals to end, or at least reform, qualified immunity. Both of these proposals are steps in a good direction.

Meanwhile, Colorado and Massachusetts legislators have taken steps to eliminate qualified immunity at the state level. It is good to make Colorado and Massachusetts state law more protective of citizens who suffer constitutional violations at the hands of state actors, but their efforts cannot go nearly far enough since the underlying problem is one of federal law. Nevertheless, if more states follow their lead, then perhaps it will motivate Congress to act upon a federal proposal that will fix the qualified immunity doctrine for good.

In a recent documentary, Justice Clarence Thomas explained the importance of just laws: Laws affect everybody. If youre poor and you look at people like my grandfather. I think of when he came home one day and he was very upset. . . .What had happened was he was driving the oil truck, [and] a police officer stopped him for having too many clothes on. Thats ridiculous. He had no way of challenging that.

Although Justice Thomas wasnt describing how qualified immunity prevented his grandfather from challenging the officer for that illegal stop, he may as well have been. Ending or at least reforming qualified immunity would ensure that government employees who violate peoples rights like the officer who unconstitutionally harassed Justice Thomass grandfather answer for their misconduct before a jury.

This op-ed was originally published byTownhall on August 6, 2020.

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Townhall: Congressional and state efforts to reform doctrine of Qualified Immunity underway - Pacific Legal Foundation (PLF)

Uncovering the shape of the Solar System – Space Daily

Scientists have developed a new prediction of the shape of the bubble surrounding our solar system using a model developed with data from NASA missions.

All the planets of our solar system are encased in a magnetic bubble, carved out in space by the Sun's constantly outflowing material, the solar wind. Outside this bubble is the interstellar medium - the ionized gas and magnetic field that fills the space between stellar systems in our galaxy. One question scientists have tried to answer for years is on the shape of this bubble, which travels through space as our Sun orbits the center of our galaxy. Traditionally, scientists have thought of the heliosphere as a comet shape, with a rounded leading edge, called the nose, and a long tail trailing behind.

Research published in Nature Astronomy in March and featured on the journal's cover for July provides an alternative shape that lacks this long tail: the deflated croissant.

The shape of the heliosphere is difficult to measure from within. The closest edge of the heliosphere is more than ten billion miles from Earth. Only the two Voyager spacecraft have directly measured this region, leaving us with just two points of ground-truth data on the shape of the heliosphere.

From near Earth, we study our boundary to interstellar space by capturing and observing particles flying toward Earth. This includes charged particles that come from distant parts of the galaxy, called galactic cosmic rays, along with those that were already in our solar system, travel out towards the heliopause, and are bounced back towards Earth through a complex series of electromagnetic processes. These are called energetic neutral atoms, and because they are created by interacting with the interstellar medium, they act as a useful proxy for mapping the edge of the heliosphere. This is how NASA's Interstellar Boundary Explorer, or IBEX, mission studies the heliosphere, making use of these particles as a kind of radar, tracing out our solar system's boundary to interstellar space.

To make sense of this complex data, scientists use computer models to turn this data into a prediction of the heliosphere's characteristics. Merav Opher, lead author of the new research, heads a NASA- and NSF-funded DRIVE Science Center at Boston University focused on the challenge.

This latest iteration of Opher's model uses data from NASA planetary science missions to characterize the behavior of material in space that fills the bubble of the heliosphere and get another perspective on its borders. NASA's Cassini mission carried an instrument, designed to study particles trapped in Saturn's magnetic field, that also made observations of particles bouncing back towards the inner solar system. These measurements are similar to IBEX's, but provide a distinct perspective on the heliosphere's boundary.

Additionally, NASA's New Horizons mission has provided measurements of pick-up ions, particles that are ionized out in space and are picked up and move along with the solar wind. Because of their distinct origins from the solar wind particles streaming out from the Sun, pick-up ions are much hotter than other solar wind particles - and it's this fact that Opher's work hinges on.

"There are two fluids mixed together. You have one component that is very cold and one component that is much hotter, the pick-up ions," said Opher, a professor of astronomy at Boston University. "If you have some cold fluid and hot fluid, and you put them in space, they won't mix - they will evolve mostly separately. What we did was separate these two components of the solar wind and model the resulting 3D shape of the heliosphere."

Considering the solar wind's components separately, combined with Opher's earlier work using the solar magnetic field as a dominant force in shaping the heliosphere, created a deflated croissant shape, with two jets curling away from the central bulbous part of the heliosphere, and notably lacking the long tail predicted by many scientists.

"Because the pick-up ions dominate the thermodynamics, everything is very spherical. But because they leave the system very quickly beyond the termination shock, the whole heliosphere deflates," said Opher.

The shape of our shieldThe shape of the heliosphere is more than a question of academic curiosity: The heliosphere acts our solar system's shield against the rest of the galaxy.

Energetic events in other star systems, like supernova, can accelerate particles to nearly the speed of light. These particles rocket out in all directions, including into our solar system. But the heliosphere acts as a shield: It absorbs about three-quarters of these tremendously energetic particles, called galactic cosmic rays, that would make their way into our solar system.

Those that do make it through can wreak havoc. We're protected on Earth by our planet's magnetic field and atmosphere, but technology and astronauts in space or on other worlds are exposed. Both electronics and human cells can be damaged by the effects of galactic cosmic rays - and because galactic cosmic rays carry so much energy, they're difficult to block in a way that's practical for space travel. The heliosphere is spacefarers' main defense against galactic cosmic rays, so understanding its shape and how that influences the rate of galactic cosmic rays pelting our solar system is a key consideration for planning robotic and human space exploration.

The heliosphere's shape is also part of the puzzle for seeking out life on other worlds. The damaging radiation from galactic cosmic rays can render a world uninhabitable, a fate avoided in our solar system because of our strong celestial shield. As we learn more about how our heliosphere protects our solar system - and how that protection may have changed throughout the solar system's history - we can look for other star systems that might have similar protection. And part of that is the shape: Are our heliospheric lookalikes long-tailed comet shapes, deflated croissants, or something else entirely?

Whatever the heliosphere's true shape, an upcoming NASA mission will be a boon for unraveling these questions: the Interstellar Mapping and Acceleration Probe, or IMAP.

IMAP, slated for launch in 2024, will map the particles streaming back to Earth from the boundaries of the heliosphere. IMAP will build on the techniques and discoveries of the IBEX mission to shed new light on the nature of the heliosphere, interstellar space, and how galactic cosmic rays make their way into our solar system.

Opher's DRIVE Science Center aims to create a testable model of the heliosphere in time for IMAP's launch. Their predictions of the shape and other characteristics of the heliosphere - and how that would be reflected in the particles streaming back from the boundary - would provide a baseline for scientists to compare with IMAP's data.

Research paper

Related LinksSolar Science at NASASolar Science News at SpaceDaily

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Uncovering the shape of the Solar System - Space Daily

Media’s ‘Cancel Culture’ Debate Obscures Direct Threats to First Amendment – FAIR

The Harpers letter (7/7/20) decried a new set of moral attitudes and political commitments that tend to weaken our norms of open debate and toleration of differences in favor of ideological conformity.

A short and rather vaguely worded open letter published in Harpers Magazine (7/7/20) earlier this month caused an unlikely media storm that continues to rumble on. Glossing over right-wing threats to the First Amendment, the letter, signed by 150 writers, journalists and other public figures, decried a new intolerance to dissent and a threat to freedom of speech coming from the left.

The vagueness of the letter was both its genius and its shortcoming, allowing people of all political persuasions to put their names to it, but also for others to read into it virtually anything they wanted. As the Los Angeles Times (7/9/20) described it, the letter became a Rorschach test of subtext.

The letter generated an explosion of takes and counter-takes, hailed as everything from a welcome and long overdue triumph (Washington Times, 7/13/20) to a collective wallowing in self-pity (In These Times, 7/7/20), leading to a debate about open debate and a great deal of speech complaining about speech.

However, much of the public discussion of the Harpers letter misses the fact that it is the powerful, not the masses, who inordinately have the ability to cancel individuals for their actions, and that it is the left and those challenging power who consistently suffer the brunt of the consequences.

Chief among the threats to the First Amendment is the president himself. The Trump administration is currently suing a small news station in northern Wisconsin for running a political ad it (and countless others) aired but did not produce. They are not suing the well-funded Democratic Super PAC who paid for it, but instead are going after the messenger. While legal experts suggest that they have no case, Wisconsin has no laws against frivolous lawsuits, meaning the station will likely be bankrupted defending itself, something that appears to be exactly the point of the exercise: intimidating other media outlets into silence.

The makers of a documentary on ICE say they were warned that the federal government would use its full weight to veto scenes it found objectionable (New York Times, 7/23/20).

The federal government is using the same tactic, using its full weight trying to suppress a Netflix documentary about ICE. The New York Times (7/23/20) reports that the government demanded the removal of scenes that showed the department terrorizing communities and breaking the law during arrests. Notably, the government is deliberately targeting the films small production company, not the giant streaming service, which has the resources to fight back. (Several times, the filmmakers said, the official pointed out that it was their little production company, not the films $125 billion distributor, that would face consequences, the Times reported.)

Yet these direct attacks on the First Amendment received scant coverage in comparison to the Harpers letter, or Times columnist Bari Weiss resignation from her newspaper, citing a stifling liberal atmosphere. Weiss leavetaking has been the subject of four CNN articles and over a dozen on Fox News, whereas the attempt to suppress the ICE documentary has not been covered by Fox, and has been the subject of only one CNN piece (7/29/20)a TV review that mentions the attempted suppression.

The Trump administration has also contravened the First Amendment in attempting to ban the release of material critical of the president. The Department of Justice is currently suing Trumps former National Security Advisor John Bolton for the publication of his memoir, The Room Where It Happened, claiming that Boltons embarrassing anecdotes represent a national security violation. He must pay a very big price for this, as others have before him. This should never happen again!!! Trump tweeted (6/20/20). Bolton faces possible criminal charges, as well as having any profits seized.

Similarly, the Trump family, represented by Donalds brother Robert, used the courts to try to block the publication of Mary Trumps book, Too Much and Never Enough, wherein the presidents psychologist niece diagnoses him as a narcissist with possible antisocial personality disorder.

Perhaps most worryingly, a significant portion of the public is strongly supportive of Trumps destruction of the First Amendment. A plurality of Republicans (43%) believe he should close news outlets engaged in bad behavior, and 13% of Americans (including a quarter of Republicans) think he should immediately close the Washington Post, New York Times and CNN.

The media, who President Trump infamously labeled the enemy of the people, have been subject to a generalized nationwide government assault in recent weeks. According to the US Press Freedom Tracker, there have been at least 585 incidents, including at least 84 journalists arrested, 137 shot by police or National Guard, 80 tear-gassed and 36 pepper-sprayed while covering the George Floyd protests. Some, like photojournalist Linda Tirado, have been left permanently disfigured from police attacks. The onslaught against the press is so bad that the United Nations has gotten involved, its human rights office condemning the arbitrary arrests, and the disproportionate and discriminatory use of force.

If you get fired for saying something like this (Twitter, 7/23/20), opponents of cancel culture wont come to your defense.

But when 9News Denver meteorologist Marty Coniglio also condemned the states repression, he faced immediate consequences. After tweeting, Federal police in citiesnow where have I seen that before? accompanying it with a picture of Nazi troops, he was promptly fired. James Bennets resignation from the New York Times for soliciting and printing an op-ed (that he admits he hadnt read before publishing) calling on the military to crush the protest movement drew worldwide condemnation (even being obliquely mentioned by the Harpers signatories as their primary piece of proof of an intolerant left). But Coniglios case, where he challenged power, not indulged it, has barely been reported outside of Colorado.

Coniglios case is indicative of the fact that the primary victims of cancellation tend to be the left and those challenging power. Earlier this year, David Wright, a longtime political journalist for ABC News, was suspended and permanently pulled from political reporting after he was secretly filmed, in private, criticizing his network and admitting that he is a socialist who likes Bernie Sanders (a popular position among Americans, but not among journalists at corporate outletsFAIR.org, 3/8/16, 2/8/19, 7/26/19).

Those displaying insufficient enthusiasm for state violence from the US or its allies can also suffer immediate consequences. In February, journalist Abby Martin was barred from speaking at Georgia Southern University after refusing to swear an oath of allegiance to the state of Israel (something 28 states already make anyone receiving public money do). CNN fired its contributor Marc Lamont Hill in 2018 for criticizing Israel, and for calling for a free Palestine from the river to the sea. Going further back, Chris Hedges was forced out of the New York Times for his opposition to the Iraq invasion, a fate that also befell MSNBCs Phil Donahue and Jesse Ventura.

Thomas Chatterton Williams, the organizer of the Harpers letter, specifically warned that Donald Trump is the Canceler in Chief, and that his letter only addresses a small part of the threat to a pluralistic public discourse. Unfortunately, most of the debate in elite circles has ignored these far greater dangers in favor of focusing on overzealous Twitter usersperhaps because privileged journalists in corporate media have come to accept objections to their reporting from the powerful as inevitable, if not legitimate, whereas popular challenges to their reporting make them bristle with indignation. While the dangers of leftist cancel culture can be debated, theres no denying the dangers of the governments assault on the core American value of free speech.

Featured image: A scene from the Netflix documentary Immigration Nation.

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Media's 'Cancel Culture' Debate Obscures Direct Threats to First Amendment - FAIR