Letters: Virtual medicine is a COVID-era innovation worth keeping – The Advocate

If someone had sent me a Zoom meeting request last year, I would not have known what Zoom was, and I certainly would not have known how to join a virtual meeting. Flash forward to today, when I have three Zoom calls and am a pro at wearing collared shirts and sweatpants.

There is no denying that COVID-19 has increased the nations dependence on technology for communication. In particular, the pandemic has more or less forced the medical community to embrace virtual patient visits. As a medical and public health student, I initially struggled with the idea. As I saw the schedule of virtual visits, I snarked about the loss of the patient-physician relationship. I value looking my patient in the eye as he expresses his worry about his recent hearing loss influencing his profession as a pianist, noticing the subtle downturn of her lips as I suggest she cut back on her soda intake, appreciating the calluses of a woodworker as I perform my physical exam. But over time I realized that virtual visits have their advantages.

Virtual medical care increases health care access, protects those whose immune systems are compromised, and decreases anxiety about valued time lost to travel and missed work. For example, a young, working mother of three seeking a refill of her diabetes medication who had a physical exam and lab work at her OB-GYN appointment last week is a great candidate for a virtual visit. She does not have to find a babysitter and take off work yet again. An 84-year old man who just finished his second round of chemotherapy being seen for a mental health visit does not have to be exposed to the wealth of bacteria a clinic setting has to offer.

Moreover, patients tend to be more comfortable in the familiarity of their own homes. In one particular visit, I could almost feel a patients anxiety decrease as her shoulders settled from her ears to her chest, her relaxed mannerism flowing through the screen as I watched her Yorkie sniff around in the background.

I would be nave to state that virtual visits are superior to in-person visits, but they provide a valuable resource that should be embraced in certain situations post-COVID. Virtual visits provide a unique opportunity for patients and physicians alike, and thus should be an adaptation the medical community preserves post-pandemic. I hope that we as a medical community will continue to embrace virtual visits, realizing that sometimes a screaming toddler echoing in the background is an even trade for the time saved, comfort gained, and the availability of virtual medicine.

AMANDA RUSHING

MD/MPH candidate, LSUHSC New Orleans

Baton Rouge

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Letters: Virtual medicine is a COVID-era innovation worth keeping - The Advocate

How Long Will Ben Simmons Be Out? Sports Medicine Expert Points To Patrick Mahomes Injury As Example Of Recovery Timeline – CBS Philly

PHILADELPHIA (CBS)- The Philadelphia 76ers announced Thursday that guard/forward Ben Simmons is out after an MRI showed a subluxation of the patella in his left knee. The team said in its statement that treatment options are currently being considered and further updates will be provided as appropriate.

That language can sound ominous, particularly for Sixers fans who have seen their star players lost to injury several times over the last few years. With the team in the Orlando bubble and set to begin the playoff push in a little over a week, the question of when or if Simmons could return looms.

The first question on fans minds, even those who have been following the injury-riddled Sixers through the years, is likely, what is a patella subluxation? As Dr. Brian Sennett, the Chief of Sports Medicine at Penn Medicine describes, a subluxation is basically a partial dislocation of the knee cap and therefore, usually less severe.

A subluxation is different from a dislocation in the sense that the knee cap does not go as far as you would see in a dislocation. It goes part way, but it never goes all the way. As a result, you often do not have the injury that you do with the dislocation and many of the times, you stretch the ligament but do not tear it, said Sennett. The bone bruises that you typically get with a dislocation, if they are even present, are a much lower magnitude. A patella subluxation is much less of an injury than a dislocation. A dislocation youre often going to be out for about six weeks. A patella subluxation, youre probably more in the range of 2-4 weeks.

Thats good news, but not exactly great news for fans hoping the Sixers can make a title run. Two weeks would bring Simmons back in time for the early part of the teams first-round series. On the longer side, four weeks would put him out through likely the first round and into the second, if the team were to make it that far.

However, Dr. Sennett points to Kansas City Chiefs quarterback Patrick Mahomes injury last year as a good point of comparison. Mahomes suffered a fully dislocated knee cap in Week 7. Normal recovery time, six weeks. But, Mahomes was able to return just three weeks later in Week 10 and then went on to win a Super Bowl.

Now, Mahomes own physiology played a part in that recovery. The timeline can vary depending on the athlete. Treatment for a subluxation, according to Dr. Sennett, is non-operative.

It typically is rehabilitation and surgery would only be indicated if it was a recurrent problem. Rehabilitation, regaining motion, regaining strength, controlling swelling and controlling pain with a return to athletics as soon as the athlete is comfortable and regained motion and strength, said Dr. Sennett. Then when come back youre typically treated with taping by the athletic trainer or with the use of a knee brace.

The Sixers stated that they are discussing treatment options with Simmons, and, of course, it will depend on when he feels comfortable, having regained the motion and strength in his knee. But, it remains possible that he could return to have an impact on the teams playoff run. Dr. Sennett does point out that once an athlete sustains this injury once, it is more likely to recur at some point. So, at the end of the season, he says, you will see some athletes decide to have surgery in order to lessen the likelihood of a recurrence.

It remains to be seen how the Sixers and Simmons will handle the injury, but there is a high likelihood that he will be able to return to his previous level of performance.

For now, the Sixers prepare for Thursdays matchup against the Orlando Magic with tip-off set for 6:30 p.m.

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How Long Will Ben Simmons Be Out? Sports Medicine Expert Points To Patrick Mahomes Injury As Example Of Recovery Timeline - CBS Philly

International Space Station caught passing over Arkansas – 4029tv

The International Space Station (ISS) passed over portions of Arkansas & Oklahoma Monday night. The station was only visible for a few minutes - right around 9:15 p.m.Monday night's sighting isn't the only time you'll be able to witness the ISS flying by. The space station is made visible by reflected sunlight -- the very same reason we're able to see the moon. The station can only be seen at dusk or dawn. ISS sightings can range from once a month to several a week. Check out NASA's "Spot the Station" website to see the next chance to see the ISS from where you live. The ISS circles around Earth every 90 minutes - traveling at 17,500 miles per hour. According to NASA, the ISS crew witnesses 16 sunrises & sunsets every day. The ISS sighting comes amidst the "Sturgeon Moon" - the full moon in the month of August.

The International Space Station (ISS) passed over portions of Arkansas & Oklahoma Monday night. The station was only visible for a few minutes - right around 9:15 p.m.

Monday night's sighting isn't the only time you'll be able to witness the ISS flying by. The space station is made visible by reflected sunlight -- the very same reason we're able to see the moon. The station can only be seen at dusk or dawn. ISS sightings can range from once a month to several a week. Check out NASA's "Spot the Station" website to see the next chance to see the ISS from where you live.

The ISS circles around Earth every 90 minutes - traveling at 17,500 miles per hour. According to NASA, the ISS crew witnesses 16 sunrises & sunsets every day.

The ISS sighting comes amidst the "Sturgeon Moon" - the full moon in the month of August.

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International Space Station caught passing over Arkansas - 4029tv

Space Dynamics Lab-Built Spacecraft Wins Small Satellite Mission of the Year Award – Yahoo Finance

The Hyper-Angular Rainbow Polarimeter small satellite is shown in this February 19, 2020, photo shortly after it was deployed into orbit from the International Space Station. Manufactured by the Space Dynamics Laboratory to carry the payload built by the Earth and Space Institute at the University of Maryland, Baltimore County, the HARP satellite was honored with the Small Satellite Mission of the Year award today. (Credit: NASA)

Members of the Space Dynamics Laboratory HARP team pose for this photo on February 19, 2020, at SDLs headquarters in North Logan, Utah, the day HARP was deployed from the International Space Station. Pictured from left to right are Bryan Hansen, Camren Hansen, Jaden Miller, Matt Jeppesen, Hannah Brailsford, Jason Hansen, Jenny Hinton, Cameron Weston, David Allen, Ryan Martineau, and Tim Neilsen. (Credit: Ben Sharp/Space Dynamics Laboratory)

NORTH LOGAN, Utah, Aug. 07, 2020 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- The Space Dynamics Laboratory-built Hyper-Angular Rainbow Polarimeter satellite has been awarded the Small Satellite Mission of the Year award by the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. The announcement was made during the annual Small Satellite Conference.

SDL designed and manufactured the HARP spacecraft to carry the University of Maryland, Baltimore County Earth and Space Institute-built HARP payload, which was developed to measure the microphysical properties of cloud and aerosol particles in Earths atmosphere.

The Small Satellite Mission of the Year Award is presented annually by the AIAA Small Satellite Technical Committee to the mission that has demonstrated a significant improvement in the capability of small satellites. Missions must have individual satellite wet mass of less than 150 kilograms and must have launched, established communication, and have acquired results from orbit after January 1, 2019, 12 a.m. Greenwich Mean Time.

"HARP has been a true collaborative effort between UMBC and SDL, demonstrating how university organizations can collaborate with NASA to advance space science and technology to achieve major earth science goals, said principal investigator Dr. J. Vanderlei Martins of UMBC. The Small Satellite Mission of the Year award is a major honor to the HARP team, and a testament to the success of this collaboration."

To demonstrate significant improvement, nominated missions must show innovation in spacecraft structural design, scientific instrument development, communications capability, attitude determination and control capability, intersatellite coordination, constellation or cluster management, onboard computing, or other mission aspects.

To be selected from the many accomplished small satellite missions throughout this year is an honor and reflects the vision, unshakeable commitment, and scientific expertise of Dr. Martins and his team at UMBC and NASA, said Alan Thurgood, SDLs director of Civil and Commercial Space. The men and women of SDL share in Dr. Martins vision for HARP, and we are fortunate to have been able to provide the spacecraft and operational management to help enable mission success.

The HARP mission seeks to mitigate barriers to assessing climate change that are caused by the scarcity of measurable data about aerosol forcing, insufficient understanding of aerosol-cloud processes, and cloud feedbacks in the climate system. New observations and a better understanding of aerosol-cloud processes will help to narrow climate change estimate uncertainties.

Story continues

It has been a privilege for SDL to build and operate a spacecraft that is helping to validate new technology, prove the on-flight capabilities of a highly accurate, wide field-of-view hyper-angle imaging polarimeter, and demonstrate that small satellites can provide top-quality Earth sciences data, said Tim Neilsen, SDL program manager for HARP. The engineers, technicians, spacecraft operators, and other professionals at SDL remain resolute in helping to ensure HARP meets its mission objectives.

SDL has been solving the technical challenges faced by the military, science community, and industry for six decades and supports NASAs vision to reveal the unknown for the benefit of humankind. As one of 14 University Affiliated Research Centers, SDL serves as a subject matter expert in its core research areas to the US Government, ensuring that essential engineering and technology capabilities are maintained. SDL is a research laboratory headquartered in North Logan, UT, and has offices in Albuquerque, NM; Bedford, MA; Dayton, OH; Huntsville, AL; Houston, TX; Los Angeles, CA; Stafford, VA; and Washington, DC. For more information, visit http://www.spacedynamics.org.

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Space Dynamics Lab-Built Spacecraft Wins Small Satellite Mission of the Year Award - Yahoo Finance

Bitcoin Cash (BCH) Up $1.38 Over Past 4 Hours, Started Today Up 0.85%; in an Uptrend Over Past 30 Days – CFDTrading

Bitcoin Cash 4 Hour Price Update

Updated August 10, 2020 11:19 AM GMT (07:19 AM EST)

Bitcoin Cash is down 2.46% ($7.51) since the previous 4 hours, marking the 2nd candle in a row a decline has happened. Those trading within the Top Cryptos asset class should know that Bitcoin Cash was the worst performer in the class during the previous 4 hours.

Bitcoin Cash entered today at $300, down 1.6% ($4.89) from the previous day. The change in price came along side change in volume that was up 6.5% from previous day, but down 73.79% from the Sunday of last week. Out of the 5 instruments in the Top Cryptos asset class, Bitcoin Cash ended up ranking 2nd for the day in terms of price change relative to the previous day. Here is a daily price chart of Bitcoin Cash.

Volatility for Bitcoin Cash has been contracting over the past two weeks relative to volatility over the past month. Whether volatility reverts will be something to watch. The clearest trend exists on the 30 day timeframe, which shows price moving up over that time. For another vantage point, consider that Bitcoin Cashs price has gone up 6 of the previous 10 trading days.

For laughs, fights, or genuinely useful information, lets see what the most popular tweets pertaining to Bitcoin Cash for the past day were:

@qqjettkgjzhxmwj @micropresident If ABC ends up with majority hash, they will literally be able to pay for talent of a greater caliber than currently exists in Bitcoin Cash. Thats always been one of Amaurys points.You get the caliber of talent you pay for.

@Hayden_Otto Whatever nonsense is currently going on within the Bitcoin Cash community, I just hope that they dont screw you over Hayden. You have done a hell of a lot of good in bringing cryptocurrency adoption to Australia, especially up in Townsville.

You have to admit that being a part of the Bitcoin Cash community is never boring.

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Bitcoin Cash (BCH) Up $1.38 Over Past 4 Hours, Started Today Up 0.85%; in an Uptrend Over Past 30 Days - CFDTrading

US bans WeChat, Chinese turn to Signaldecentralization is the answer – Decrypt

President Donald Trump this week announced his intentions to ban US companies from transacting with Chinese payment and messenger app WeChat, leading to a spike in downloads for privacy-first messenger app Signaland reigniting the debate on decentralized platforms.

The US Presidents Thursday executive order is so far vague but any transaction with the platform from US companies will be prohibited. The order, which also bans such transactions with social media app TikTok will come into effect on September 20.

Talk of banning TikTok started this year because the Trump administration was worried about the app collecting users data and the potential links its parent company, ByteDance, has with the Chinese government.

The WeChat ban had also been on the cards for a while. The two countries continue to aggressively clash heads during the coronavirus pandemic.

But while the US government was warning of banning WeChat, downloads of private messaging app Signal were soaring in China, according to a CNBC report. Unlike other messaging appsTelegram, Facebook Messenger or WhatsAppSignal isnt banned in China.

So worried Chinese people living, studying, or doing business in the US can turn to the highly secretive app in place of WeChat to communicate with family and friends without fear of government snooping or being shut downfor now.

Signal downloads were also on the up in Hong Kong after Mainland Chinas new security law hit the region. Despite WeChats popularity in China, it doesnt have the same level of encryption as apps like Signal and WhatsApp.

But even though Signal is secure, it could technically be banned by the Chineseor USgovernment tomorrow. Thats why decentralized chat apps or messaging systems are a must, some say.

Decentralized chat would completely solve this problem [of government bans and snooping], said Brad Kam, the co-founder of Dapp Unstoppable Domains, a decentralized domain name registrar that has built an Ethereum-based decentralized chat app, Unstoppable Chat.

The issue is that user data is sitting on Tencents [WeChats owner] servers and gets passed directly to the Chinese government. If WeChat were a decentralized chat app, then users would control their own messages stored on P2P storage networks. Not even WeChat would be able to read the messages," he said.

He added that Signal can still shut off users and any messaging app can be hacked or shut down.

Communication channels should not be pawns for geopolitical games, he said. They should be utilities for the people of the world.

Chris Troutner, a Bitcoin Cash developer, also told Decrypt that decentralized messaging systems are the way forward.

His highly encrypted messaging system based on Bitcoin Cash transactions, bch-encrypt, went live this year. His team is working on refining it: an end-to-end encrypted messaging system that will look and feel a lot like email.

He said that although Signal and Telegram are highly praised for their privacy features, they could still be banned by governments.

Decentralized, open-source, and end-to-end encrypted, he added. You really need all three [with a messaging app].

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US bans WeChat, Chinese turn to Signaldecentralization is the answer - Decrypt

Amazon’s Constellation of 3,236 Satellites Has Astronomers Very, Very Freaked Out

Amazon was approved by the Federal Communications Commission to launch 3,326 satellites as part of its Kuiper constellation. That has astronomers worried.

Megaconstellations

Amazon was approved by the Federal Communications Commission to launch 3,326 satellites as part of its planned Kuiper constellation. That’s roughly 600 more satellites than the total number currently in orbit, as The New York Times reports. But who’s counting?

Astronomers are. And they’re worried. The news comes just a week after SpaceX launched its latest batch of 57 Starlink satellites, bringing the total number up to just shy of 600 already in orbit.

The reflective micro satellites have been photobombing astronomical observations of the night sky ever since they started being launched by SpaceX, appearing as bright streaks of light.

No Rules

“We don’t yet have any kind of industrywide guidelines,” Michele Bannister, planetary astronomer at the University of Canterbury in New Zealand, told the Times.

“We don’t have an industry body that’s producing good corporate citizenship on the part of all of these enthusiastic companies that want to launch, and we don’t have any regulatory setup in place that’s providing clear guidelines back to the industry,” Bannister added. “To me, honestly, it feels like putting a bunch of planes up and then not having air traffic control.”

A Growing Problem

Problems are likely to persist as companies like SpaceX and Amazon continue to litter the night sky with thousands, if not tens of thousands, of their satellites.

While SpaceX has tried non-reflective coating and a sunshade to stop reflecting light, a fully effective solution has yet to be demonstrated. An Amazon spokesperson also told the Times that “reflectivity is a key consideration in our design and development process.”

Astronomers, however, are calling for national regulators to step up to the plate and make sure ground-based astronomy can survive this new trend. Whether or not they will — much like a potential clear night sky in the future — remains to be seen.

READ MORE: Amazon Satellites Add to Astronomers’ Worries About the Night Sky [The New York Times]

More on Starlink: SpaceX’s Starlink Satellites Ruined This Photo of the NEOWISE Comet

The post Amazon’s Constellation of 3,236 Satellites Has Astronomers Very, Very Freaked Out appeared first on Futurism.

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Amazon’s Constellation of 3,236 Satellites Has Astronomers Very, Very Freaked Out

Slave-patrols and the Second Amendment: How Fears of Abolition empowered the idea of an armed militia – Milwaukee Independent

Article 1, Section 8, of the proposed Constitution had southern slave owners concerned about the future of their economy. Slavery can exist only in the context of a police state, and the enforcement of that police state was the explicit job of the militias.

If the antislavery folks in the North could figure out a way to disband those southern militiasor even just to move the militias out of the statesthe police state of the South would collapse. And, similarly, if the North were to invite into military service the slaves of the South, then they could be emancipated, which would collapse the institution of slaveryand the southern economic and social systemsaltogether.

These two possibilities worried southerners like James Monroe, George Mason who owned more than 300 slaves, and the southern Christian evangelical Patrick Henry the largest slaveholder in the state of Virginia.

Their main concern was that Article 1, Section 8, of the newly proposed Constitutionwhich gave the federal government the power to raise and supervise a militiacould also allow that federal militia to subsume their state militias and change them from slavery-enforcing institutions into something that could even, one day, free the slaves.

This was not an imagined threat. Famously, 12 years earlier, during the lead-up to the Revolutionary War, Lord Dunmore offered freedom to slaves who could escape the American South and join his forces. Liberty to Slaves was stitched onto the pocket flaps of the escapees jackets. During the war, British General Henry Clinton extended the practice in 1779. And numerous freed slaves served in General Washingtons army.

Thus, southern legislators and plantation owners lived not just in fear of their own slaves rebelling, but also in fear that their slaves could be emancipated through military service.

At the ratifying convention in Virginia in 1788, Patrick Henry laid it out: Let me here call your attention to that part [Article 1, Section 8, of the proposed Constitution] which gives the Congress power to provide for organizing, arming, and disciplining the militia, and for governing such part of them as may be employed in the service of the United States. . . .

By this, sir, you see that their control over our last and best defense is unlimited. If they neglect or refuse to discipline or arm our militia, they will be useless: the states can do neitherthis power being exclusively given to Congress. The power of appointing officers over men not disciplined or armed is ridiculous; so that this pretended little remains of power left to the states may, at the pleasure of Congress, be rendered nugatory.

George Mason expressed a similar fear: The [slave patrol] militia may be here destroyed by that method which has been practiced in other parts of the world before; that is, by rendering them useless, by disarming them. Under various pretenses, Congress may neglect to provide for arming and disciplining the militia; and the state governments cannot do it, for Congress has an exclusive right to arm them [under this proposed Constitution].

Henry then bluntly laid it out: If the country be invaded, a state may go to war, but cannot suppress [slave] insurrections [under this new Constitution]. If there should happen an insurrection of slaves, the country cannot be said to be invaded. They cannot, therefore, suppress it without the interposition of Congress. Congress, and Congress only [under this new Constitution], can call forth the militia.

And why was that such a concern for Patrick Henry?

In this state, he said, there are two hundred and thirty-six thousand blacks, and there are many in several other states. But there are few or none in the Northern States. . . . May Congress not say, that every black man must fight? Did we not see a little of this last war? We were not so hard pushed as to make emancipation general; but acts of Assembly passed that every slave who would go to the army should be free.

Patrick Henry was also convinced that the power over the various state militias given to the federal government in the new Constitution could be used to strip the slave states of their slave-patrol militias. He knew the majority in the North opposed slavery, and he worried that theyd use the Constitution to free the Souths slaves a process then called manumission.

The abolitionists would, he was certain, use that power (and, ironically, this is pretty much what Abraham Lincoln ended up doing): [T]hey will search that paper [the Constitution], and see if they have power of manumission, said Henry. And have they not, sir? Have they not power to provide for the general defense and welfare? May they not think that these call for the abolition of slavery? May they not pronounce all slaves free, and will they not be warranted by that power?

This is no ambiguous implication or logical deduction. The paper [proposed Constitution] speaks to the point: they have the power in clear, unequivocal terms, and will clearly and certainly exercise it. He added, This is a local matter, and I can see no propriety in subjecting it to Congress.

James Madison, the Father of the Constitution and a slaveholder himself, basically called Patrick Henry paranoid. I was struck with surprise, Madison said, when I heard him express himself alarmed with respect to the emancipation of slaves. There is no power to warrant it, in that paper [the Constitution]. If there be, I know it not.

But the southern fears wouldnt go away.

Patrick Henry even argued that southerners property (slaves) would be lost under the new Constitution, and the resulting slave uprising would be a disaster for them: In this situation, Henry said to Madison, I see a great deal of the property of the people of Virginia in jeopardy, and their peace and tranquility gone.

So Madison, who had (at Jeffersons insistence) already begun to prepare proposed amendments to the Constitution, changed his first draft to one that addressed the militia issue to make sure it was unambiguous that the southern states could maintain their slave patrol militias.

His first draft for what became the Second Amendment had said: The right of the people to keep and bear arms shall not be infringed; a well armed, and well regulated militia being the best security of a free country [emphasis mine]: but no person religiously scrupulous of bearing arms, shall be compelled to render military service in person.

But Henry, Mason, and others wanted southern states to preserve their slave-patrol militias independent of the federal government. So Madison changed the word country to the word state and redrafted the Second Amendment into todays form:

A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State [emphasis mine], the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed.

Little did Madison, Jefferson, or Henry realize that one day in the future, weapons-manufacturing corporations, newly defined as persons by a dysfunctional Supreme Court, would use his slave-patrol militia amendment to protect their right to manufacture and sell guns to individuals who would use them to murder schoolchildren.

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Slave-patrols and the Second Amendment: How Fears of Abolition empowered the idea of an armed militia - Milwaukee Independent

Rival Gun Rights Group Accuses NRA of Never Advocating for Second Amendment Amid Lawsuit – Newsweek

  1. Rival Gun Rights Group Accuses NRA of Never Advocating for Second Amendment Amid Lawsuit  Newsweek
  2. How did Caribbean yacht vacations promote the Second Amendment? We may find out in court.  The Washington Post
  3. Texas attorney general welcomes NRA after New York sues pro-gun group  New York Post
  4. Noah Feldman.: New York AG errs in going after NRA  Greensboro News & Record
  5. NY AG Who Wants to Dismantle NRA Calls It a 'Terrorist Organization'  Prescott eNews
  6. View Full Coverage on Google News

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Rival Gun Rights Group Accuses NRA of Never Advocating for Second Amendment Amid Lawsuit - Newsweek

"Second Amendment Rights of the Successfully Treated/Former ‘Mentally Ill’" – Reason

An interesting article by New York lawyer David Z. Carl, from the June 2020 issue of the Nassau Lawyer (the journal of the Nassau [N.Y.] County Bar Association):

In 2008, in D.C. v. Heller, the Supreme Court declared that the right to have a functional handgun in the home is a fundamental right under the Second Amendment.[5] In 2010, the Court held in McDonald v. Chicago that this "fundamental right" is incorporated against the states by the Fourteenth Amendment's Due Process Clause.[6]

Although it declined to "undertake an exhaustive historical analysisof the full scope of the Second Amendment," the Heller court declared "longstanding prohibitions on the possession of firearms bythe mentally ill" were "presumptively" constitutional.[7]

Since then, some federal Circuit and District Courts have explored the issue and decided that "presumptive" constitutionality might not mean "actual" constitutionality. These courts have based their reasoning on a combined interpretation of Second and Fifth Amendment rights.

Pursuant to 18 USC 922 (g) (4) "It shall be unlawful for any personwho has been adjudicated as a mental defective or who has been committed to a mental institution to [possess a firearm]."[8] The Code of Federal Regulations defines certain terms as follows:

"Committed to a mental institution: A formal commitment of a person to a mental institution by a court, board, commission, or other lawful authority. The term includes a commitment to a mental institution involuntarily[9]

"Mental institution: Includes mental health facilities, mental hospitals, sanitariums, psychiatric facilities, and other facilities that provide diagnoses by licensed professionals of mental retardation or mental illness, including a psychiatric ward in a general hospital.[10]

Despite the regulatory authority above providing that "committed to a mental institution" means a "a formal commitment by a court, board, commission, or other lawful authority," the Second Circuit in U.S. v. Waters[11] upheld the conviction of a New York man who had been admitted to a mental health unit solely upon the evaluation of two physicians. Mr. Waters was subsequently convicted of being a prohibited person in possession of firearms. The Waters case, however, was decided fourteen years before the Supreme Court held the possession of a firearm is a fundamental right. Accordingly, the court never considered whether the absence of, or minimal elements of, due process available at that time, was enough to allow for the deprivation of a newly secured fundamental constitutional right.

Under the New York state statutes still in effect today (e.g., MHL 9.27[12]) [the statute at issue in Waters] and MHL 9.37 [13]an otherwise astute individual could theoretically seek representation and some type of hearing, but only after the individual had already been admitted without such a hearing or counsel for as many as 60 days at the behest of two (or fewer) physicians. No automatic hearing or assignment of counsel is required prior to involuntary admission to a mental health facility. If, perhaps, believing he/ she will soon be discharged, the individual never requests counsel or a hearing, the only available due process is effectively waived. The person is nonetheless deemed to have been "committed," which would require firearms deprivation. This seems to conflict with other cases, discussed infra, that require before-the-fact due process for deprivation of a constitutional right.

Decades earlier, in United States v. Hansel,[14] the Eighth Circuit Court of Appeals observed that Nebraska law provided a two-step procedure for determining when a patient was mentally ill and in need of hospitalization. If the County Mental Health Board made such determination, the individual could be hospitalized for up to 60 days; much like the time frame in New York. There was a second step available for keeping the patient beyond 60 days, but since Hansel was released after two weeks, this second provision was never invoked. The Court found that Hansel's temporary confinement did not constitute a commitment.[15]

Despite the equivalent length of 60-day hospitalizations in New York and Nebraska, the holding in Hansel is contradictory to the holding in Waters in that in New York, the initial 60 days of hospitalization, without due process, is sufficient to refuse an individual his Second Amendment rights. In Nebraska, only the holding of an individual after the 60 days is sufficient to refuse said rights.

Current Decisions

Now that the ability to possess a functional firearm is an individual right,[16] a once largely mundane area of law has surfaced as a hot topic. In United States v. Rehlander,[17] the State of Maine offered two categories of hospitalization. One offered due process, the other did not. The First Circuit Court of Appeals held that since possessing a firearm is a fundamental right, an admission without any adversary proceeding lacked the necessary due process procedures for permanent deprivation under Section 922(g)(4).

The Sixth Circuit Court of Appeals later made it clear en banc, in Tyler v. Hillsdale County Sherriff's Department, that 922(g)(4) "applies only to persons who are involuntarily committed by an appropriate judicial authority following due process safeguards."[18]

This is highly significant, because in Waters: (1) there was no advance due process; (2) the admitted individual was permitted only an opportunity to attempt to contact counsel from the hospital; and (3) said individual had to request an optional (rather than mandatory) hearing at some future time. If, as held by the Sixth Circuit, due process is required as a prerequisite for the deprivation of firearm rights, the holding in Waters presumably could not stand.

In United States v. McMichael, for example, the United States District Court for the Western District of Michigan held that "a commitment [for the purpose of firearm rights-deprivation] does not occur until the completion of an adversary process that results in an adjudicative decision in favor of hospitalization."[19]

Moreover, in Wilborn v. Barr, the District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania held that an emergency mental health examination lasting 120 hours or less directed by someone other than an authoritative body, where the individual did not have the right to counsel or an adversarial proceeding, could not support firearm deprivation.[20] If the logic of the Wilborn court is to be considered, the deprivation of rights by New York's provision for confinement up to 60 days without mandatory due process could be constitutionally suspect.

To be clear, the Second Circuit Court of Appeals has subsequently (and recently) held in an unpublished case that appellants admitted based on New York's strictly medical standard could be denied fundamental firearms rights. In Phelps v. Bosco, the Second Circuit cited to Waters in upholding the denial of a firearm to the appellant. The Court took care to note, however, that:

Phelps did not raise a constitutional challenge to the state's conduct on appeal. Such a challenge would present complex issues, whether under the Second Amendment or the Due Process Clause.We therefore do not consider whether the state violated any of his constitutional rights when it reported his hospitalizations to the FBI or whether concern for these constitutional rights might change our interpretation of the word 'commitment' under New York's scheme[21]

Finally, in Doe v. Evanchick, the Eastern District of Pennsylvania held that:

Although the Supreme Court in Heller articulated that prohibition on the right to own a gun by the mentally ill is presumptively lawful, a temporary emergency commitment to a mental institution is not sufficient to consider the individual 'mentally ill' for the purposes of the Heller mental health exception. Thus, an individual committed under [Pennsylvania law] still retains a protected liberty interest in the right to bear arms.[22]

Curiously, though, the court denied the Plaintiff's contention that Pennsylvania lacked sufficient due process safeguards as Pennsylvania provided a mechanism for reinstatement of Second Amendment rights post-deprivation. The court held that the post-deprivation remedy was sufficient to satisfy due process requisites.[23]

Possibilities for Restoring Rights

One could argue that New York also offers post-deprivation remedies, as it offers a potential Certificate of Relief from Disabilities (restoring firearms rights) for individuals who have been committed without due process in accordance with the "NICS Improvement Act of 2007."[24] This remedy, nonetheless, seems akin to holding a person guilty (at the whim of a doctor) without any trial, and forcing him to prove his innocence later at his own burden and expense. It hardly seems like a sufficient protection of due process when countless individuals could be easily afforded adequate pre-deprivation safeguards for now-fundamental Constitutional rights.

It is eminently reasonable that people should not live with a lifelong disability because of unfortunate health conditions, which no longer endure, perhaps because of successful medical treatment or perhaps because their disabilities are from the distant past. Most courts so far seem to be correct in the wake of Heller and McDonald that the determination should be made on an individualized basis with robust pre-deprivation due-process safeguards. But whether this theory will prevail nationwide is a matter only time will tell.

[I added the bracketed text in the third paragraph because the author reports that this point was inadvertently deleted in the editing process for the published piece. -EV]

[1] The APA Removes "Gender Identity Disorder" From Updated Mental Health Guide, Dani Heffernan (Dec.3, 2012), available at https://bit.ly/3fEeou0.

[2] 18 USC 922 (g) (4).

[3] Id.

[4] Id.

[5] District of Columbia v. Heller, 554 U.S. 570 (2008).

[6] McDonald v. City of Chicago, Ill., 561 US 742 (2010).

[7] District of Columbia v. Heller, 554 U.S. 570 (2008).

[8] 18 USC 922 (g)(4).

[9] 27 CFR 478.11.

[10] Id.

[11] United States v. Waters, 23 F.3d 29 (2d Cir. 1994).

[12] MHL 9.27.

[13] MHL 9.37.

[14] United States v. Hansel, 474 F.2d 1120 (8th Cir. 1973).

[15] Id.

[16] District of Columbia v. Heller, 554 U.S. 570 (2008).

[17] United States v. Rehlander, 666 F.3d 45 (1st Cir. 2012).

[18] Tyler v. Hillsdale Cty. Sheriff's Dep't, 837 F.3d 678, 68182 (6th Cir. 2016) (en banc)(emphasis added).

[19] United States v. McMichael, 350 F.Supp.3d 647 (W.D. Mich. 2018) (emphasis added).

[20] Wilborn v. Barr, 401 F. Supp. 3d 501 (E.D. Pa. 2019).

[21] Phelps v. Bosco, 711 Fed.Appx. 63 (2d Cir. 2018).

[22] Doe v. Evanchick, 355 F.Supp.3d 197 (E.D. Pa. 2019).

[23] Id.

[24] NICS Improvement Amendments Act of 2007 (NIAA), Penal Law 110-180.

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"Second Amendment Rights of the Successfully Treated/Former 'Mentally Ill'" - Reason

Letter to the editor: Wiley will support Second Amendment rights – The Winchester Star

As a strong supporter of our right to bear arms, I was very disappointed with the actions of Governor Northam and the General Assembly earlier this year to infringe on our Constitutional rights.

When I vote I look for a candidate who will protect the Second Amendment (along with the rest of the Bill of Rights).

Bill Wiley is such a candidate. He is pro-Second Amendment and opposes the continuing gun control agenda in Richmond.

Please join me in voting for Bill Wiley in the Firehouse Primary this Saturday, August 8th. Voting will take place between 9 a.m. and 4 p.m. at the Millwood Station Banquet Hall. If we nominate Bill Wiley and elect him this year, we are sure to have a delegate who supports our Second Amendment Rights.

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Letter to the editor: Wiley will support Second Amendment rights - The Winchester Star

Societe Generale: Availability of the second amendment to the 2020 Universal Registration Document – Yahoo Finance

PRESS RELEASEREGULATED INFORMATION

Paris, 5th August 2020

Availability of the second amendment to the 2020 Universal Registration Document

Societe Generale informs the public that a second amendment to the 2020 Universal Registration Document filed on 12th March 2020 under number D-20-0122, has been filed with the French Financial Markets Authority (AMF) on 5th August 2020 under number D-20-0122-A02.

It includes in particular the information of the interim financial report for the first half-year 2020.

This interim financial report comprises the following pages of the amendment:

This document is made available to the public, free of charge, in accordance with the conditions provided for by the regulations in force and may be consulted in the Regulated information section of the Companys website (http://www.societegenerale.com/en/measuring-our-performance/information-and-publications/regulated_information) and on the AMFs website.

Press contact:

Corentin Henry _ +33(0)1 58 98 01 75_ corentin.henry@socgen.com

Societe Generale

Societe Generale is one of the leading European financial services groups. Based on a diversified and integrated banking model, the Group combines financial strength and proven expertise in innovation with a strategy of sustainable growth. Committed to the positive transformations of the worlds societies and economies, Societe Generale and its teams seek to build, day after day, together with its clients, a better and sustainable future through responsible and innovative financial solutions.

Active in the real economy for over 150 years, with a solid position in Europe and connected to the rest of the world, Societe Generale has over 138,000 members of staff in 62 countries and supports on a daily basis 29 million individual clients, businesses and institutional investors around the world by offering a wide range of advisory services and tailored financial solutions. The Group is built on three complementary core businesses:

Societe Generale is included in the principal socially responsible investment indices: DJSI (World and Europe), FTSE4Good (Global and Europe), Euronext Vigeo (World, Europe and Eurozone), four of the STOXX ESG Leaders indices, and the MSCI Low Carbon Leaders Index. For more information, you can follow us on Twitter @societegenerale or visit our website http://www.societegenerale.com

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Societe Generale: Availability of the second amendment to the 2020 Universal Registration Document - Yahoo Finance

Bullock Gets an "F" Rating from the NRA – newstalk955.com

Buried in the news of the first US Senate debate over the weekend, was another piece of big news: the National Rifle Association (NRA) gave liberal Gov. Steve Bullock (D-MT) an "F" rating.

Back in May, we shared the news that Montana's Senator Steve Daines (R-MT) earned an "A+" rating from the NRA. Both Bullock and Daines are now head-to-head in the US Senate race this Fall.

Here's the reasons listed by the NRA for giving Bullock an "F":

Supports Semi-Auto BanLike California Senator Dianne Feinstein, Bullock supports a ban on commonly owned firearms used for hunting, recreational shooting and self-defense.

Supports Magazine BansBullock supports bans on standard-capacity magazines.

Opposes Right-to-CarryBullock vetoed legislation in Montana which would have expanded the ability forlaw-abiding Montanans to carry a firearm for self-defense.

Supports Criminalizing Private Firearm TransfersBullock supports the Schumer/Biden/Bloomberg so-called universal background check system that would criminalize the private transfer of firearms, which is only enforceable through federal firearms registration.

Supports Red Flag LawsBullock supports unconstitutional Red Flag laws that would strip Second Amendment rights of individuals by confiscating firearms without due process.

Opposes PreemptionBullock vetoed preemption legislation in Montana that would have protected gun owners from a confusing web of local anti-gun laws.

Over the years in Montana politics, Democrats have done a good job at attempting to portray themselves as pro 2nd Amendment. Some have even earned the coveted endorsement of theNational Rifle Association(NRA). At best, though, Montana Democrats have typically been able to at least keep the NRA at bay and kept the NRA from making an endorsement in some high profile races.

Not when it comes to the 2020 US Senate race in Montana, however. Liberal Gov. Steve Bullock's (D-MT)open embrace of a semi-automatic weapons banandother gun control measuresgives gun owners and the NRA an easy choice.

DAINES: Montanans know I am their strongest ally when it comes to defending our Second Amendment Rights. This is about protecting our freedom and liberty, and fighting back against any effort to infringe on our constitutional right to keep and bear arms. Ill always be there to protect our guns rights and our way of life.

Jason Ouimet, the Chairman of the NRA's Political Victory Fund called Daines "an unwavering defender of the Second Amendment, adding:

OUIMET: You have fought tirelessly to protect the constitutional right to self-defense for NRA members and law-abiding gunowners in Montana. Based on your strong leadership on Second Amendment issues, you have earned the highest attainable rating, an 'A+', from NRA-PVF.

In case you missed it,Roll Call highlighted Bullock's flip flop on gun rightsback in August of 2019:

After campaigning against an assault weapons ban and universal background checks during his 2016 reelection, Bullock reversed both positions in the middle of 2018, fueling suspicions that he was preparing for a national campaign.

Wait a minute. Isn't this the same governor who used to pretend to be a moderate who supported the Keystone XL pipeline? That was my first reactionto this story in The Sidney Heraldabout Governor Steve Bullock (D-MT) taking shots at the Keystone XL pipeline, a project that bring tens of millions of dollars into Montana every year.

Yep. Apparently there's this hilarious new website called "BothWaysBullock.com" that is pointing out his series of flip flops as he desperately seeks a rise in poll numbers for the Democrat presidential race.

Back in 2013 Bullock said this:

I write to express my strong support for the Keystone XL Pipeline project.

Now, Bullock is criticizing the project in his official capacity as governor, according to The Sidney Herald:

Gov. Steve Bullock today submitted comments on behalf of the State of Montana on the Draft Supplemental Environmental Impact Statement (Draft SEIS) for the Proposed Keystone XL Pipeline, expressing concerns over the failure to adequately analyze potential spill impacts and response, cultural resource impacts, and fish and wildlife resource impacts.

As the "Both Ways Bullock" website also points out, Bullock previously campaigned in support of 2nd Amendment rights, and now wants to ban semi-automatic rifles.

Here's a video featured prominentlyon the website:

Read More:NRA Endorses Daines with A+ Rating in MT Senate Race|

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Bullock Gets an "F" Rating from the NRA - newstalk955.com

Black Lives Matter activists rally in Martinsville Saturday – The Bloomingtonian

August 8, 2020; Martinsville, Indiana: Black Lives Matter activist Belinda Snowden argues with a member of the Scallywags III-percenter motorcycle club as BLM holds a rally on the Morgan County Courthouse Square Saturday. The BLM activists were met by armed counter-protesters who surrounded the square. (Photo by Jeremy Hogan/The Bloomingtonian)

Before the group of Black Lives Matter activists showed up the Morgan County Square was already surrounded by people holding flags, and some carrying guns.

The rally was supposed to start at 3 p.m., but as a man sat near the war memorial downtown, holding a 16-gauge shotgun, the activists were nowhere to be seen. The man spoke using words like family, and heritage and expressed he was concerned the war memorial would be vandalized.

Two other men stood in the shade near a wall holding AR-15 rifles, one said he had been a cavalry scout in the U.S. Army, as he talked to another man sitting next to a scoped military-style rifle on a tripod, who reached out to pet a dog on a leash.

A man wearing a Military Police hat to indicate his service in the army sat on a sidewalk a short distance away, and a group of women stopped at the corner to pray. A couple from Florida had broken down near the site of the protest, and asked, Whats going on here?

The United States has been the location of continuous Black Lives Matter protests since Minneapolis Police killed George Floyd in May. However, this was the second Black Lives Matter protest in Martinsville.

A man could be heard saying to some people in a vehicle, They wont get much support here. This isnt Democrats like Bloomington. However, a member of the Martinsville Police Department said that Martinsville doesnt deserve the reputation it has and most people from the city would not protest against Black Lives Matter protesters. The city is known for the murder of a young Black woman in 1968, but it turned out the killer was from another city.

As a group of young women in their late teens or early 20s gathered to participate in the BLM rally, a man in his 50s walked past, looked at them, and grabbed his crotch.

Three women organized the rally Saturday. Katelynn Shaffer, and Shaelyn Powell, of Mooresville, spoke to a local reporter while they waited for BLM activist Sherry Tucker.

(Counter-protesters continued to show up at the square, and one man, maybe in his late 50s, wearing a white t-shirt looked at The Bloomingtonians Jeremy Hogan (me) weighed down with cameras and said in a threatening way, Try it and see what happens, as he put down a cooler, I noticed he was strapped with a handgun. So, I held my bottle of water and said to the man, I already have water, and then he said, Thats not what Im talking about.)

Black Lives Matter is for everyone. You dont have to be black to support Black Lives Matter. I feel that if you are not a racist person and you, you, everyone, despite their skin color is equal to you that you would also want them to feel safe and for them to receive justice. Were not anti-police officer. Were not anti-white people. Were just want to ensure that justice is served for people like Brionna Taylor and you know the names, said Katelynn Shaffer of Mooresville.

Tension filled the square as two young men carried Trump flags past the BLM activists who were finally gathering around 4 p.m. Two men carried a sign for the reelection of Donald Trump, and a BLM activist began to engage verbally with them, and out of nowhere Martinsville Police rolled up and separated the men from the BLM activists.

A few of the BLM activists got AR-15 style rifles from their vehicles and carried them throughout the rally.

The Scallywags III-percenter motorcycle club rolled up around 4 p.m. and parked on the square. A member of the group told The Bloomingtonian they are second amendment activists, and they are against tyranny. Some of the same bikers had participated in a Defend the Police caravan in Bloomington earlier Saturday.

The men walked in a group past the BLM protesters, and one of them flipped off the activists. Later a biker parked right in front of the group to drown out their chants, and as he revved his engine, he made a fist. Police once again appeared, and a member of the Martinsville police went over to talk to the bikers.

Our Black Lives dont matter, thats why we are out here protesting, said one of the BLM activists.

A woman maybe in her 60s, wearing a plaid shirt, grey sweatpants, and blue sandals, could be heard saying, They look like trouble makers to me. I protested against the Vietnam War, but I didnt go to someone elses town to do it.

The Mayor of Martinsville, Kenneth Costin, standing on the square, told The Bloomingtonian hed gotten no advance notice that the BLM activists would hold a rally in Martinsville, and when he heard about it, he reached out to the organizers of the previous rally, but they said they were not the organizers. The Mayor asked where the protesters had come from and seemed surprised that the bikers who had come to oppose them were also from out of town.

At various points during the rally, both sides insulted each other, and some people were held back by others, or the police.

A chaplain from the Martinsville Police Department handed out water to BLM protesters, and also the counter-protesters, and said he didnt want anybody to have a medical emergency due to dehydration.

Sherry Tucker told the crowd of counter-protesters that its not that white lives dont matter, they do matter, but since Black lives dont matter, that until they do, all lives cant matter.

Tucker told the crowd shed answer any questions they had. Some counter-protesters yelled questions, and Tucker attempted to answer them. Then the BLM activists marched around the courthouse again, and a man in his 50s put a scoped hunting rifle back into his vehicle.

By 6 p.m. the crowd began to dissipate, and the BLM activists appeared to be huddled in a group preparing to leave the area.

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Black Lives Matter activists rally in Martinsville Saturday - The Bloomingtonian

NSSF Statement On NYAG’s Intent To Dissolve The NRA – SGB Media

NSSF, the trade association for the firearm industry, said in a statement that it is troubled by the politically-driven decision of New York Attorney General Letitia James to seek to dissolve the National Rifle Association, Americas oldest civil rights organization.

NSSF said the lawsuit filed on August 7 by Attorney General James seeks to punish the over five million members of the National Rifle Association based on mere allegations of possible wrongdoing by a few individuals.

NSSF is deeply concerned about the apparent political agenda to silence the strongest voice in support of the Second Amendment ahead of the election in November.

This lawsuit, and one filed today by the District of Columbia Attorney General, should concern all Americans who cherish both the First and Second Amendments to our Constitution regardless of their views on what laws and regulations are appropriate to address the criminal misuse of firearms.

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NSSF Statement On NYAG's Intent To Dissolve The NRA - SGB Media

The Ravings of Mad King Trump – The Bulwark

To a striking degree, Donald Trumps administration evokes the final days of the mad king of some Ruritanian backwater, spewing splenetic ravings while his shrinking cadre of sycophants struggles to steer their foundering ship of state.

Take these incoherent ruminations from a mid-July press conference:

But we had, in 2016, something even more so, but we got in, and we had 306 to, I guess, 223, which was a tremendous margin of difference. You remember, they all said, He cannot get to 270. I went to Maine a number of times, where we just freed up lobster fishing and fishing. Justthey took away 5,000 square miles from Maine. I just opened it up. And I just got rid of tariffs in China. And were working on European Union, which charge our fishermen tariffs. And I said, Youre not going to do that. So we freed it up for Maine. But if you take a look, we went up there recently. There were crowds. Thousands of people lined up going over to a factory where we were opening up forwere making swabs. A beautiful, big, new factory, making swabs.

Problem is, he does this pretty much every day.

Emulating a frightened oldster hearing the first, faint echo of senescence like a distant signal on a transistor radio, Trump bragged to Chris Wallace about acing a test designed to detect the onset of Alzheimers or dementia. But his problem is differentinstead of entering his second childhood, Trump seems never to have left his first.

These recurring scenes from a Peter Sellers movie might have a certain seriocomic fascination had Trump not failed the most serious test of real-world leadership: a rolling public health disaster which has afflicted sickness, death, and privation on many millions of Americans.

Once again, COVID-19 is surging. Our total number of cases is heading toward 5 million; our fatalities already exceed 160,000. Asks Ed Yong in the Atlantic:

How did it come to this? A virus a thousand times smaller than a dust mote has humbled and humiliated the planets most powerful nation. America has failed to protect its people, leaving them with illness and financial ruin. It has lost its status as a global leader. It has careened between inaction and ineptitude. The breadth and magnitude of its errors are difficult, in the moment, to truly fathom.

Yong provides the obvious yet appalling answer: Trump is a comorbidity of the COVID-19 pandemic. He isnt solely responsible for Americas fiasco, but he is central to it.

Podcast August 07 2020

On today's Bulwark Podcast, Bill Kristol joins Charlie Sykes to discuss the President's new religious case against Joe B...

Trumps abdication of responsibility proceeds apace. He has no national testing strategy; no plan for the reopened schools he so noisily demands; no road to reviving the economy; no disciplined or sustained message about social distancing and wearing masks. Nothing but the prattling of a self-absorbed child regurgitating willful make-believeclaiming that the virus will disappear or that hydroxychloroquine is great.

By at least February, any sane president would have rallied the country to curb the coronavirus before disaster struck, fusing federal power with the expertise of scientists to distribute vital resources, facilitate testing, and develop a national public health regime. Instead Americas ersatz Nero heeded the discordant notes of his own incessant fiddling, downplaying the threat to life and health while spreading disinformation that endangered all who believed him.

In the Washington Post, Ashley Parker and Philip Rucker explain his lethal incapacities:

People close to Trump, many speaking on the condition of anonymity to share candid discussions and impressions, say the presidents inability to wholly address the crisis is due to his almost pathological unwillingness to admit error; a positive feedback loop of overly rosy assessments and data from advisers and Fox News; and a penchant for magical thinking that prevented him from fully engaging with the pandemic.

Instead of listening to science, Trump looks for affirmation from the fever swamp of right-wing media, recycling falsehoods, bogus conspiracies, and patent quackery. To please his base, he has mocked mask-wearing, campaigned against the public health measures recommended by his own administration, and shifted blame to everyone from the Chinese to Barack Obama. The only unifying theme is the cosmic self-pity which disqualifies Trump from leadership and destroys his empathy for otherslicensing Trumps laser focus on himself as the pandemics chief victim.

All this creates the bizarre dissociation from reality he exhibited in his interview last month with Chris Wallace, in which he asked his press secretary to fortify his own bubble of ignorance: I heard we have one of the lowest, maybe the lowest mortality rate anywhere in the world.

So pathetic was this spectacle that, for the moment, Trump descended from the mad king to Norma Desmond in Sunset Boulevard, insanely fixated on demented self-delusions nurtured by her slavish retainerswhich, as with Trump, prove deadly for others. This raises a frightening question: does Trump remain simply a sociopathic and remorseless liar of convenience, or has he become so addicted to his own fantasies that he has taken leave of the world as perceived by normal humans?

Daily, Trumps statements suggest the latter. The Washington Post reported but one example: In wide-ranging, often erroneous comments on Fox & Friends, Trump claimed the virus was spreading in a relatively small portion of the country (it is spreading nearly everywhere); said children are virtually immune to the virus (they are not); and once again insisted the outbreak will go away like things go away.

This followed Trumps surreal interview with Jonathan Swan of Axios, a spectacle aptly described by Ryan Bort in Rolling Stone:

Trump genuinely seems to think at the top of this clip that hes about to put the idea that hes mismanaged the pandemic to rest by showing Swan a few charts his aides printed out for him. As Swan soon realizes, Trump is touting that the death rate by the case is lower than in other countries. Far more pertinent, obviously, is the percentage of the American population Trump has let die from COVID-19, as Swan quickly points out.

You cant do that? Trump says.

Why cant I do that? Swan asks.

You have to go by . . . you have to go by . . . Trump begins before shuffling some papers and trailing off.

But for the rest of America, reality biteshard. Said Dr. Deborah Birx on CNN: What we are seeing today is different from March and Aprilit is extraordinarily widespread. In the latest manifestation of his penchant for projection, Trump called her remarks pathetic.

It fell to another member of his captive coronavirus task force, Admiral Brett Giroir, to discredit yet again one of Trumps most persistent quack cures: hydroxychloroquine. Little wonder, then, that public health officials fear Trump will pressure the FDA to approve a vaccine before it is proven safe and effectivewhich is to say, before November.

Perhaps the most dramatic example of Trumps departure from reality is his failure to comprehend that containing COVID-19 is, and always was, the indispensable prerequisite to reopening the economy. Particularly astonishing is this most self-interested of presidents failure to comprehend his own political self-interest. Rather than grappling with the linkage between public and economic health, he attempted to transform America into a Disney World wherein the economy could rebound on its own.

Our real-world reward is the largest quarterly economic decline9.5 percentin the 70 years since the government began posting such data. This news broke immediately after our tangerine soothsayer assured us that the recovery has been very strong. Sixteen-plus million unemployed Americans were no doubt relieved to hear that.

Rationalizing Trumps failure to deal with the pandemic, his economic adviser Stephen Moore lionized his crippling myopia: Hes so focused on the big problem, which is getting the economy up and running and trying to get businesses up on their feet. Thats been their priority.

Whats so scary is that Moore is not the biggest fool to advise Trump on the economy. That distinction goes to the time-tested buffoon Larry Kudlow, who continues to celebrate our V-shaped recovery despite the ongoing slump driven by COVID-19.

In the Atlantic, Annie Lowery summarizes the comprehensive results of such mindless compartmentalization: Failed businesses and lost loved ones, empty theme parks and socially distanced funerals, a struggling economy and an unmitigated public-health disaster: This is the worst-of-both-worlds equilibrium the United States finds itself in.

Trumps refuge from reality is that the stock market is thriving. But a chasm of privilege separates Wall Street from the real economy. At least for now, financial institutions and the wealthy are largely insulated from the economic depredations of COVID-19principally because of prior stimulus spending spearheaded by Democrats, and interventions from a Federal Reserve Trump so often disparages. But for millions of Americans trapped in this pandemic, work is either dangerous or unavailable.

Trumps indifference to their plight accounts for his abstention from working with Congress to craft a further stimulus bill that would renew enhanced unemployment benefitswhich, humanity aside, helped prevent our economy from collapsing altogether. Democrats proposed such legislation by mid-May; Trump and his party still have not. Starting this week, Robert Reich wrote last week, more than 30 million Americans will no longer receive $600 in extra weekly unemployment benefits. As a result, tens of millions will not be able to make rent or mortgage payments. More will go hungry, including children. The economy is likely to slide even further.

Why delay unemployment benefits? Because, Kudlow advises, We dont want to create disincentives to work.

If only we could disincentivize Kudlowaccording to Catherine Rampell, five recent expert studies concluded that enhanced unemployment benefits did not inhibit workers from seeking re-employment. At least when Caligula named his horse a consul, he included the entire horse.

Cosseted by sycophants like Moore and Kudlow, Trump also floated a proposal so irrelevant that not even Republicans embrace it: a payroll tax cut which, by definition, does nothing for the unemployed. Instead of engaging with Nancy Pelosi and Chuck Schumer, Trump disparages them for seeking to prevent a potential financial collapse of state and local governments that would accelerate unemployment and hamstring the providers of essential services like the K-12 schools which Trump insists must re-open, the police departments whose funding he so loudly defends, and the hospitals and public health institutions to which he has delegated the brunt of this pandemic.

Instead of trying to find a legislative solution, Trump on Saturday issued four executive orders of dubious constitutionality and design, including deferring payroll taxes through December and providing $400 weekly in unemployment aidpart of which would be paid by the cash-strapped states for which he refuses to provide relief. As the New York Times observed the day before, anticipating Trumps unilateral move: It was not clear that he had the power to do so without Congress, which controls spending, or that any set of executive actions could stabilize an economy devastated by the pandemic.

This is dereliction on an epic scale. But, increasingly, Trump spouts hallucinatory nonsense like a man awaking from a fever-dream. Were going to be doing a very inclusive healthcare plan, he said in July. No such legislation existedexcept, perhaps, in Trumps Lotusland of the mind. Nonetheless, Trump said to Wallace of Obamacare: Were getting rid of it because were going to replace it with something much better. He would sign a new plan into law very soon, within two weeksor so he promised three weeks ago.

Not to worry. Trump now promises to reform healthcare by executive ordera literally impossible task which, Lindsey Graham nonetheless assures us, hes pretty excited about.

What is so unnerving about this folie deux is its utter evanescence. No one else on Capitol Hill can verify that such a plan existsnor, except in his imaginings of monarchical omnipotence, can Trump transform healthcare by presidential fiat.

But there is one larger mercy: Unlike a Ruritanian potentate, Americas president must run for re-election.

This goes badly. Trumps approval ratings are underwater. In early August, the Washington Post summarized his week:

A slew of public polls showed Trump falling further behind Biden, who now leads by double digits nationally; Trump demoted his campaign manager Brad Parscale and replaced him with longtime GOP operative Bill Stepien; nearly 25,000 Americans died of the novel coronavirus, and a record 2 million were infected; Trump canceled the Republican National Convention celebrations; the economic recovery from a record contraction slipped into reverse; and 30 million Americans lost their $600 weekly federal unemployment assistance after the White House and Congress struggled to negotiate a stimulus package.

What stands out amid this self-inflicted wreckage is that, as ever, Trump found someone else to blamethe erstwhile genius Parscale. But this cannot obscure what would be obvious to anyone but a pathological narcissist: that Trumps most insuperable problems fester within.

Denuded of self-awareness, Trump looks in the mirror and sees himself in the eyes of his adoring base. But in his suffocating solipsism he refuses to perceive how many Americans will vote against him out of ineradicable loathing.

Instead, Trump demonizes Joe Biden. Consider this semi-hysterical tweet:

One trembles at the thought. But, on Thursday, Trump further informed us that Biden was out to kill off Christianity, the Bible, and God himself: Hes following the radical left agenda, take away your guns, destroy your Second Amendment, no religion, no anything, hurt the Bible, hurt God. Hes against God. Even worse, Trump added, Hes against energy, our kind of energy.

Such incoherent vituperation captures Trumps central problem: Compared with Trump himself, Biden is Mr. Rogers. Trumps ad hominem lunacy isnt working, and his time is running out: Early voting in Pennsylvania, North Carolina, and Wisconsin starts in mid-September, and Trumps campaign seems to be writing off Michigan.

In desperation, Trump has declared war on the ultimate reality which separates democracies from monarchies: that, come November 3, voters will render judgment on his presidency. Hence his preemptive claims of voter fraud spawned another hallucinationpostponing the election itself.

Oblivious to John Lewiss funeral, Trump tweeted:

That this would abridge the Constitution eluded Americas premier historical illiterate. Whats real is a fear of mail-in balloting so deep that he threatens not to honor the electoral results.

Trumps solution is to sabotage another of our institutions: the postal service. The Washington Post reports that his new postmaster general, a Trump mega-donor, is cutting overtime pay, shutting down sorting machines early, and requiring letter carriers to avoid extra tripsall of which operate to delay mail deliveries.

The almost certain effect will be to undermine voting by mail, and therefore the election itselfwhich is precisely what Trump wants. Observes the Post: A delay in delivering ballots to voters and then returning them back to election officials could cause people to be disenfranchisedespecially in states that require ballots to be returned by Election Day, voting rights experts warn.

This would force Americans to vote in person at risk of their own health or, Trumps preference, to have their ballots discarded. This evokes the maddest of monarchs: having abandoned his duties to America, he would trash its democracy to save himself. Because nothing ever matters to Trump, but Trump.

It is what it is, Trump said of our national death toll. And what it is, more terrible to say, is the perfect expression of everything Trump is.

The rest is here:

The Ravings of Mad King Trump - The Bulwark

Perspectives on partisanship from a professional neutral | Columnists – LancasterOnline

Political commentator Walter Lippmann once offered this lament about the modern age: For the most part we do not first see, and then define, we define first and then see.

As a labor arbitrator and mediator, I resolve grievances filed by unions challenging actions taken by their employers by analyzing the facts, making findings and drawing conclusions. When asked to mediate, I ascertain the facts and then attempt to define a common ground upon which the parties might compromise. Using Lippmanns terms, it is my role to first see, and then define.

As we draw closer to what is going to be one of the most contentious presidential elections in our lifetimes, I am especially frustrated watching the current political discourse that defines first, then sees. I am referring to an increasing penchant for grasping partisan positions and obtusely rejecting out of hand any facts that conflict with the narratives. It is the primary reason for gridlock at all government levels, because political bodies cannot find solutions when they are unable to agree on one set of facts.

Indeed, the U.S. Senate was intended to be the body where things get done by compromise. This is no longer the case. In fact, in our modern age the word compromise has taken on a more sordid connotation (he was caught in a compromising position). Compromise is now a sign of weakness because it conflicts with the partisans definitions.

The National Rifle Association and Planned Parenthood would never be considered kindred spirits politically, yet their partisan approaches are similar. Both groups define first. In the case of the NRA: the Second Amendment protects citizens rights to own a firearm. Planned Parenthood: Roe v. Wade and the right of privacy preserves a womans right to choose. Then with teeth-gritting determination both entities resist any proposed restrictions on these constitutional rights. This is so even when the facts what many Americans see (i.e., senseless gun violence, partial birth abortion) may warrant sensible regulations.

When governing is driven by define first and then see, it usually results in endless posturing and law ultimately being made by five U.S. Supreme Court justices. It also leads to overcorrection, as recently evidenced by efforts to defund police departments or to use violence against lawful protests. Most Americans favor neither.

Donald Trumps presidency has seen the zenith of define first, then see, with partisans doubling down on their definitions. Thus, the only negatives Trumps partisan supporters begrudgingly see is that he has trouble reading a teleprompter and tweets too much. Shockingly, they cannot see the very same childish behaviors, overactive ego and boorish treatment of others they would not tolerate if exhibited by their own children, much less their president.

Many cite Trumps defense of religious liberties and the right to life while ignoring his well-documented less-than-Christian behaviors. These partisans refuse to admit that the self-proclaimed wartime president initially dismissed reaction to COVID-19 as a hoax and has since blamed others rather than unify the country. Anything seen that detracts from the partisans definitions is disregarded or deflected (usually with a what about her emails, Benghazi, etc., retort).

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People on the anti-Trump side have their own sacred definitions. Based on flimsy evidence and panicked by his 2016 win despite the polls, they defined Trump from the start as an illegitimate president who stole the election by conspiring with Russia. Once this narrative was undermined by the Mueller report, the partisan left simply replaced it with the obstruction of justice definition.

They refuse to acknowledge any of Trumps accomplishments, such as the (pre-COVID-19) robust economy and rising employment numbers. Many Democratic legislators now reject some of the same border security measures they previously supported under President Barack Obama. The partisan left also chooses not to see the fact, confirmed by the FBIs inspector general, that Obamas FBI provided untruthful and misleading information to obtain warrants to spy on Trump associates even before he took office.

Then there are facts that neither side wants to acknowledge, such as Trumps termination of trade deals loathed by labor unions or signing bills providing for paid child care leave. The left cannot admit Trump has certain populist leanings, while the right cannot admit that he is less than a true conservative.

If we were to see the Trump presidency the way an arbitrator would, we might initially find that the leftist partisans took unethical (and perhaps illegal) steps to marginalize the Trump presidency from the start. Then, with the help of a sympathetic media, it doubled down with impeachment proceedings knowing they never had the votes to convict. We also may find that Trump is a narcissistic, thin-skinned, unsteady leader, who divides by exploiting our worst instincts. On his watch the economy and unemployment improved before the pandemic hit, but he has failed to lead since. Partisans would say all of these findings cannot coexist.

Dont expect any self-analysis from the partisans because it is hard to admit ones deeply held definitions are wrong or misplaced. It is much easier to ignore facts to support the narrative. But as John Adams once posited, Facts are stubborn things, and whatever may be our wishes, our inclinations, or the dictates of our passion, they cannot alter the state of facts and evidence.

Alas, our modern-day problems cannot be resolved via arbitration or mediation. They will never be solved utilizing genuine facts and compromise until we are willing to question our revered definitions.

James M. Darby is an arbitrator and mediator who lives in Lancaster. He is a member of the National Academy of Arbitrators and chairman of the Pennsylvania Labor Relations Board. The opinions expressed in this column are his own.

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A Young Nigerian’s Guide to Learning More About the African Continent – BellaNaija

Formany Nigerians, Africa begins and ends in West Africa. When you ask an average Nigerian to mention countries in Africa, it is common for them to mention Ghana, Togo, Cameroon, Benin-Republic, Cte DIvoire, and other neighbouring countries.

A common misconception many Nigerians have about Africa is that it is a continent for only black people and a white person (oyinbo) cannot equally be an African. Theres also the misconception that every black person emerged from Africa. The biggest misconception is that economically, Nigeria is the giant of Africa and all other African countries are not as economically strong or well to do as Nigeria. Its common to hear an average Nigerian say things like small Ghana is fighting with us, ordinary Rwanda too is talking.

That is why BellaNaija is introducing The 54, a series that will explore Africa and the African people.

In this series, we will look into the various African cultures, tribes, people, food, arts and music, economy, politics, regions everything Africa and African.

But for now, lets give you a glimpse of what this series, The 54, is all about and how we intend to take you on this journey with us.

Africa is the second-largest continent in the world with 54 countries in it and a population of 1.216 billion people (as of 2016).

In Africa, there are about3,000 tribes, speaking more than 2,000 different languages. Arabic and Swahili are the most spoken languages in Africa. But with an estimated 35 million people in total, Yoruba isthe largest ethnic group in Africa.

Photo Credit: Banky W and Adesua wedding ceremony

Photo Credit: Toyosi Philips & Etim-Effiong engagement.

Zulu, with an estimated population of 11 million people, is known to be the largest ethnic group in South Africa. The Zulu people became a powerful state in 1818, led by a military leader known as Shaka. Zulubeliefs are formed around the presence of ancestral spirits, known as amadlozi and abaphansi.

Photo Credit: Pinterest/HadithiAfrica

Ovahimba and Ovazimba tribes in Northern Namibia Array, according to the records of the fossil remains in Africa, seems to be the first continent where humans were found. The fossil remains have suggested that humans had inhabited the African continent around 7 million years ago. Thefirst settlements of the Himba people can be traced back to the early 16th century when they crossed the Angolan border and chose Kaokoland (now called Kunene region in Namibia) as their new homeland. The Himba people are known for their red ochre cream.

Photo Credit: Pinterest

The Sinai Bedouin are a group of tribes descending from immigrants who arrived from the Arabian Peninsula between the 14th and 18th centuries. In Africa, the SinaiBedouin people can be found in Egypt.

Because they are mostly nomads, they have never relied on traditional doctors and they take their medicine from nature herbs, plants. They mostly make their meals at home or in the desert, grow their own vegetables, eat meat they have reared and cook fish they have caught.

Photo credit: Pinterest

If you are looking for a place where the women decide who they want to get married to and how many husbands they want, then the Wodaabe tribe is right for you. Pretty and very attractive, the Wodaab men have often women-like elegant faces and it is very important for the men to look pretty for their their women. In some cases, a man who is not so pretty has to share his wife with another more beautiful man, so the probability a pretty child is born is higher. The Wodaab tribe is part of the Fulani who were originally Nomads and herdsmen.

Well explore more of the Wodaabe tribe in our series.

Photo Credit: Pinterest

The Hadza people, in Northern Tanzania, are one of the oldest lineages of humankind. The small tribe consists of approximately 1,300 hunter-gatherers: one of the last in Africa.

According to survival international, the Hadzas homeland lies on the edge of the Serengeti plains, in the shadow of Ngorongoro Crater. It is also close to Olduvai Gorge, one of the most important prehistoric sites in the world, where homo habilis one of the earliest members of the genus Homo was discovered to have lived 1.9 million years ago.

Photo Credit: Pinterest

Estimated to be about 900,000, the Maasai people, located in Kenya and Tanzania, are among the foremost African ethnic groups in Africa. According to the tribes own oral history, the Maasai originated north of Lake Turkana (north-west Kenya) in the lower Nile Valley. They began migrating south in the 15th century and arrived in the long trunk of land stretching across central Tanzania and Northern Kenya during the 17th and 18th centuries.

Photo credit: Pinterest

Tuareg People

The Tuareg are a group of Berber clans of obscure origin in Northern Africa. Legend states that under their first queen, Tin Hinan, they moved into the Sahara around 400AD. During medieval times, the Tuareg dominated lucrative trade routes across the desert. Timbuktu, renowned throughout the Muslim world as an intellectual centre, was founded by a Tuareg family in the 12th century. They inhabit the Sahara in a vast area stretching from far southwestern Libya to southern Algeria, Niger, Mali, and Burkina Faso. In the Tuareg tribe, it is the men who cover their hair.

Photo credit: Pinterest

If you have watched snippets from Beyonces Black Is King and you love the hairdos, it is important for you to be aware of their origin Africa.

The Mangbetu were known for their elongated heads. The process of elongating the skull began at birth. The babys head was tightly wrapped with a cloth until the desired shape had been achieved. Known as lipombo, the culture was a symbol of affluence among the ruling class. This hairstyle worn by the Mangbetu women was, at a time, very fashionable. This practice can also be traced to the Mayan and Egyptians.

Photo credit: Pinterest

Photo credit: Instagram/nealfarinah

The Bantu people are the speakers of Bantu languages, comprising several hundred indigenous ethnic groups in sub-Saharan Africa, spread over a vast area from Central Africa across the African Great Lakes to Southern Africa. Bantu as a major linguistic group in Africa whose existence is in record up to about 5000 years ago. The linguistic group comprises of about 300-600 different ethnic groups totaling to over 100 million individuals across the African continent. Bantu knots has its origin in Africa. They have been a traditional African hairstyle for over 100 years. Bantu means people and Ubuntu means person.

Photo credit: Face2faceafrica/Instagram-nealfarinah

In ancient Africa, the Mursi women from Ethiopia were known for their horned heads and their huge lip plates. Pre-pubescent Himba girls, in Namibia, also wore two thick braids in front of their faces that looked like ram horns. Surrounded by mountains between the Omo and Mago rivers, the home of the Mursi is one of the most isolated regions of Ethiopia.

Photo credit: Pinterest/Instagram-nealfarinah

For 25 years, Morocco has celebrated the Fes Festival of World Sacred Music. Set up in 1994 and 2001 respectively, this festival comes within the scholarly, artistic, and spiritual tradition of the city of Fez.

Photo credit: fesfestival

The Calabar Festival is arguably the biggest festival in Africa. Attracting over 2 million people yearly from over 25 countries, this month-long festival takes place in Akwa-Ibom. Held yearly, the Calabar Festival takes place on the street and people are allowed to display their colourful traditional attires, dances, and masquerades.

Photo credit: bbcpidgin/folio

The Lake of Stars Festival is an internationally renowned arts and music festival that takes place on the palm-fringed shore of Lake Malawi every year. Lake Malawi, which is the ninth largest lake in the world and third largest and second deepest lake in Malawi, is located between Malawi, Tanzania, and Mozambique. Lying within the Western Rift Valley,Lake Malawi is also one of the deepest lakes in the world. For over a decade, Lake of Stars has drawn musicians and visitors from around the world to Malawis shores.

Photo Credit: Flickr

Because of Africas diversity, there are many meals unique to many ethnicities and tribes. Lets explore some yummy African meals.

This meal is an authentic Moroccan soup made of tomato, lentils, and chickpeas. It also includes meat, making it a filling and satisfying dish. There are many variations of this traditional soup and these variations have been passed from generation to generation.

Photo credit: host the toast

The Skoudehkaris is a meal that originated in Djibouti, in East Africa. Skoudehkaris is a flavourful rice dish seasoned with cardamom and cooked with lamb, chicken, beef, or fish.

Photo Credit: Pinterest

This South African dish is prepared outdoor. Potjiekos is a traditional dish that is cooked slowly in an iron pan that is placed on hot coal. Translated as small pot food, Potjiekos is never stirred during the cooking process.

The spiral-shaped cuisine, Boerewors, is also a popular meal eaten in South Africa and Namibia. Shaped into a coil, Boerewors contains at least 90% meat, and 10% spices. Boerewors is traditionally grilled on thebraai(South African barbecue), and its usually served with pap andsous(sauce)

Photo credit: Pinterest

Senegalese Chicken Yassa is a tangy-spicy dish enjoyed in the West African region. Itis a popular Senegalese dish made from caramelized onions, dijon mustard, lemon juice, and chicken cooked in a creamy sauce.

Photo credit: Pinterest

Can we ever talk about West Africa cuisines without mentioning the almighty jollof rice? Jollof rice, also known as benachin in Wolof, is a one-pot rice dish that is popular in many West African countries such as Ghana, Nigeria, The Gambia, Senegal, Cameroon, Sierra Leone, Cte dIvoire, Liberia, Togo, and Mali. It is also called reddish one-pot dish and varies in these countries.

Photo credit: Pinterest

Believed to be the link between the gods and humans, masquerades are an important part of the African culture. See the various masquerades in Africa:

Eyo from the Yoruba tribe, Nigeria. Source: Pinterest

Gouro masked dancer (Ivory Coast). Source: Androphilia

Egungun Yoruba, Nigeria. Source: Pinterest

Ijele Igbo, Nigeria. Source: Pinterest

Believed to be the cradle of humankind, Africa is the only continent with fossil evidence of human beings.

Fun facts to know:

For many Nigerians, they believe that the phrase Giant of Africa comes with economic power and wealth. Well, it isnt so. Although Nigeria has the largest economy in Africa, it is not Africas richest country and close to 100 million Nigerians live in abject poverty.

Fun facts to know:

From the trans-Atlantic slave trade to wars, colonisation, military regimes, independence, and so on, Africa is one continent with rich historical events and stories.

Few things you should know

While these are the basic day-to-day information we should know about the African continent, there is so much more to Africa and Africans. Were going to explore all these and more when we kick off our series, The 54. So watch this space.

In the meantime, heres how you can learn more about Africa:

Google is your friend

Google loves everyone, including you. If you are curious about any aspect of Africa, type it into the search bar and youll be sure of getting replies. You can read more than one site to get the correct information.

Read books

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A Young Nigerian's Guide to Learning More About the African Continent - BellaNaija

Lindsey Criswell Named Director of National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases – UCSF News Services

Lindsey A. Criswell, MD, MPH, DSc

Lindsey A. Criswell, MD, MPH, DSc, vice chancellor of research at UC San Francisco, has been selected as the next director of the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), one of 27 institutes and centers that comprise the National Institutes of Health (NIH). She will assume the role in early 2021.

Having dedicated much of my career to studying and treating autoimmune disorders such as lupus and rheumatoid arthritis, I am tremendously honored to serve as director of NIAMS, said Criswell, professor of medicine in the School of Medicine, professor of orofacial sciences in the School of Dentistry and co-director of the UCSF Clinical & Translational Sciences Institute.

As NIAMS director, Criswell will oversee a federal institution with an annual budget of nearly $625 million and a mission to support scientific research, training and career development in the fields of rheumatology, muscle biology, orthopedics, bone and mineral metabolism, and dermatology, among others. Criswell was selected by NIH Director Francis Collins, MD, PhD, and will succeed Robert H. Carter, MD, who has served as acting NIAMS director since 2018 after long-time director Stephen I. Katz, MD, PhD, passed away unexpectedly in December 2018.

Dr. Criswell has rich experience as a clinician, researcher and administrator. Her ability to oversee the research program of one of the countrys top research-intensive medical schools, and her expertise in autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis and lupus, make her well-positioned to direct NIAMS, said Collins. I look forward to having her join the NIH leadership team early next year.

Criswell will join NIAMS after having spent nearly the entirety of her career at UCSF. She arrived at UCSF in 1982 to pursue her medical education, and received her MD from the School of Medicine in 1986. After completing an internship and residency in Southern California, she rejoined UCSF in 1989 to begin a fellowship in rheumatology. She has been at the University ever since. Criswell was made full professor in 2007 and has served as vice chancellor of research since 2017.

Ive had the pleasure of working with Lindsey for nearly four decades. She has distinguished herself as one of UCSFs most accomplished clinician-scientists, as well as a devoted mentor and skillful administrator. Her incredible character and her talent as a leader make her an excellent choice for NIAMS director, said Dan Lowenstein, MD, executive vice chancellor and provost at UCSF.

In her role as vice chancellor of research, Criswell has helped define UCSFs overall research priorities and goals, and has also overseen research infrastructure, with a view to ensuring seamless and superior service to researchers across the University. As a scientist and clinician, Criswell has worked to understand and treat autoimmune disorders like rheumatoid arthritis and lupus, with a particular focus on the genetics, epigenetics and epidemiology of these diseases. She has authored more than 200 peer-reviewed scientific papers, and her efforts have contributed to the identification of more than 30 genes linked to these and other autoimmune disorders. Criswell is also a dedicated educator, who has trained and mentored dozens of students, medical residents, postdoctoral fellows and junior faculty.

Lindseys contributions to science have been tremendous, said Talmadge E. King Jr., MD, dean of the School of Medicine and vice chancellor for medical affairs. Her efforts have led to significant advances in our understanding of the underlying causes of and potential treatments for rheumatoid arthritis, lupus and other debilitating autoimmune disorders. Her influence can also be seen in the many talented young scientists and clinicians whom she has trained, and who are now establishing themselves as leaders in the field, thanks in large part to Lindseys mentorship.

Criswell has received many awards and honors, including the 2014 Resident Clinical and Translational Research Mentor of the Year; a Kirkland Scholar Award from the Mary Kirkland Center for Lupus Research; the Henry Kunkel Young Investigator Award from the American College of Rheumatology; a UCSF Faculty Development Award; and a Pfizer Scholars Award.

Criswell joins the ranks of other distinguished UCSF faculty who have served in leadership roles with the NIH. Eliseo Perez-Stable, MD, was a professor of medicine, chief of the Division of General Internal Medicine, and director of the Center for Aging in Diverse Communities (CADC) before assuming his current role as director of the National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (NIMHD). Zach Hall, PhD, joined UCSF in 1976 and remained on the faculty until appointed director of the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) in 1994. Nobel laureate Harold Varmus, MD, was a UCSF faculty member for two decades before being appointed NIH director in 1993, and later serving as director of the National Cancer Institute (NCI).

Criswell earned her bachelors degree in genetics and her masters degree in public health from UC Berkeley. She later received a DSc in genetic epidemiology from the Netherlands Institute of Environmental Health Sciences in Rotterdam. Criswell is board certified in internal medicine and as a wilderness medicine first responder. Upon leaving UCSF, Criswell will be granted emeritus status.

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Lindsey Criswell Named Director of National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases - UCSF News Services

Pinpointing The Cells That Keep The Bodys Master Circadian Clock Ticking – Newswise

Newswise DALLAS Aug. 7, 2020 UT Southwestern scientists have developed a genetically engineered mouse and imaging system that lets them visualize fluctuations in the circadian clocks of cell types in mice. The method, described online in the journal Neuron, gives new insight into which brain cells are important in maintaining the bodys master circadian clock. But they say the approach will also be broadly useful for answering questions about the daily rhythms of cells throughout the body.

This is a really important technical resource for advancing the study of circadian rhythms, says study leader Joseph Takahashi, Ph.D., chair of the department of neuroscience at UT Southwestern Medical Center, a member of UT Southwesterns Peter ODonnell Jr. Brain Institute, and an investigator with the Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI). You can use these mice for many different applications.

Nearly every cell in humans and mice has an internal circadian clock that fluctuates on a roughly 24-hour cycle. These cells help dictate not only hunger and sleep cycles, but biological functions such as immunity and metabolism. Defects in the circadian clock have been linked to diseases including cancer, diabetes, and Alzheimers, as well as sleep disorders. Scientists have long known that a small part of the brain called the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) integrates information from the eyes about environmental light and dark cycles with the bodys master clock. In turn, the SCN helps keep the rest of the cells in the body in sync with each other.

What makes the SCN a very special kind of clock is that its both robust and flexible, says Takahashi. Its a very strong pacemaker that doesnt lose track of time, but at the same time can shift to adapt to seasons, changing day lengths, or travel between time zones.

To study the circadian clock in both the SCN and the rest of the body, Takahashis research group previously developed a mouse that had a bioluminescent version of PER2 one of the key circadian proteins whose levels fluctuate over the course of a day. By watching the bioluminescence levels wax and wane, the researchers could see how PER2 cycled throughout the animals bodies during the day. But the protein is present in nearly every part of the body, sometimes making it difficult to distinguish the difference in circadian cycles between different cell types mixed together in the same tissue.

If you observe a brain slice, for instance, almost every single cell has a PER2 signal, so you cant really distinguish where any particular PER2 signal is coming from, says Takahashi.

In the new work, the scientists overcame this problem by turning to a new bioluminescence system that changed color from red to green only in cells that expressed a particular gene known as Cre. Then, the researchers could engineer mice so that Cre, which is not naturally found in mouse cells, was only present in one cell type at a time.

To test the utility of the approach, Takahashi and his colleagues studied two types of cells that make up the brains SCN arginine vasopressin (AVP) and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) cells. In the past, scientists have hypothesized that VIP neurons hold the key to keeping the rest of the SCN synchronized.

When the research team looked at VIP neurons expressing Cre in just those cells, so that PER2 luminesced green in VIP cells, while red elsewhere they found that removing circadian genes from the neurons had little overall effect on the circadian rhythms of the VIP neurons, or the rest of the SCN. Even when VIP neurons no longer had a functioning clock, the rest of the SCN behaved essentially the same, explains Yongli Shan, Ph.D., a UTSW research scientist and lead author of the study. Nearby cells were able to signal to the VIP neurons to keep them in sync with the rest of the SCN, he says.

When they repeated the same experiment on AVP neurons, however removing key clock genes not only did AVP neurons themselves show disrupted rhythms, but the entire SCN stopped synchronously cycling on its usual 24-hour rhythm.

What this showed us was that the clock in AVP neurons is really essential for the synchrony of the whole SCN network, says Shan. Thats a surprising result and somewhat counterintuitive, so we hope it leads to more work on AVP neurons going forward.

Takahashi says other researchers who study circadian rhythms have already requested the mouse line from his lab to study the daily cycles of other cells. The mice might allow scientists to hone in on the differences in circadian rhythms between cell types within a single organ, or how tumor cells cycle differently than healthy cells, he says.

In all sorts of complex or diseased tissues, this can let you see which cells have rhythms and how they might be similar or different from the rhythms of other cell types.

Takahashi holds the Loyd B. Sands Distinguished Chair in Neuroscience.

Other UTSW researchers who contributed to this study were Yan Li, Mariko Izumo, Kimberly Cox, Byeongha Jeong, and Seung-Hee Yoo, who is now at UT Health Science Center in Houston. Collaborators were John Abel and Francis Doyle of Harvard Medical School and David Olson of the University of Michigan.

This research was supported by funds from the HHMI, the National Institutes of Health (R01 NS106657, R01 GM114424, T32-HLO9701, F32-AG064886), and The Welch Foundation (AU-1971-20180324).

About UTSouthwestern Medical Center

UT Southwestern, one of the premier academic medical centers in the nation, integrates pioneering biomedical research with exceptional clinical care and education. The institutions faculty has received six Nobel Prizes, and includes 24 members of the National Academy of Sciences, 16 members of the National Academy of Medicine, and 13 Howard Hughes Medical Institute Investigators. The full-time faculty of more than 2,500 is responsible for groundbreaking medical advances and is committed to translating science-driven research quickly to new clinical treatments. UT Southwestern physicians provide care in about 80 specialties to more than 105,000 hospitalized patients, nearly 370,000 emergency room cases, and oversee approximately 3 million outpatient visits a year.

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Pinpointing The Cells That Keep The Bodys Master Circadian Clock Ticking - Newswise