Virtual reality based training for tram drivers | Urban news – Railway Gazette International

UAE: Dubais Roads & Transport Authority and metro and tram operator Serco are using virtual reality during the training of tram drivers.

Introducing cutting-edge technologies avails trainee drivers of interactive experiences and opportunities, said Hassan Mohammad Al Mutawa, Director of Operations at RTAs Rail Agency. They will be subjected to various scenarios to hone their skills of controlling trams and avoiding incidents. Such exposure will also boost the safety of passengers and develop drivers reactions towards anticipating and avoiding the mistakes of others.

Future plans include using VR to support maintenance, risk assessments, incident investigations and safety training.

Wallace Weatherill, Managing Director of Serco Middle East for the Dubai Metro & Tram contract, said VR-based training would supplement traditional training methods to help trainees transition between classroom-based theoretical training and in-cab practical training. Better-prepared trainee drivers will also be less likely to be involved in an incident during training, he said.

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Virtual reality based training for tram drivers | Urban news - Railway Gazette International

A new virtual reality is reshaping the world – Gulf News

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Theres more to the virtual work trend than days full of Zoom calls from a home office. It also means the possibility of new ways of getting work done. In the physical world, work at a company or university exists in a hierarchical structure; in a virtual world, that work can get done in a more decentralised, democratic manner.

Those who lacked influence suddenly can acquire much greater visibility and prominence, all without the approval of traditional gatekeepers. This potential for expanded participation from previously excluded voices is an underappreciated disruption that could change the way society operates.

The story of Nathan Tankus, who was in news in recent days, is one such example. Despite not even having a bachelors degree yet, hes become an influential voice on economics and monetary policy, writing in a clear and compelling manner on the subject.

We might not give credit to working from home or virtual work for this, but those lines have become blurred in economics and finance. Long gone are the days where traders had to be on the floor of the New York Stock Exchange, or where economists and academics had to be in Washington, New York or on a college campus to contribute to the field.

Whats notable about Tankus is the progressive angle of his views, which might be related to not having to get past the sentries in academia or Wall Street to make his views heard. Hes found an audience on his own, is building a base of subscribers to his newsletter and can expand from there.

The more economics, media and financial industries become detached from physical offices, the more opportunities there are for people like Tankus without traditional pedigrees to influence debates from which those like him were once excluded.

Another example is the growing community known as Election Twitter. A generation ago, the political campaign infrastructure and media was concentrated in Washington, with a focus on the national and state parties and their leadership.

Election Twitter

Increasingly, thats happening in a more decentralised manner and on the internet, with Election Twitter being an extreme example of how that can play out in practice.

Many members of this community are quite young some are even in their teens and their hobby is generating colour-coded maps for past elections and scrutinising political polls.

And they may be in the process of going from observing elections to shaping them. Noticing that national trends might mean Alaska races in 2020 could be competitive, but lacking polling for the state, they set out to crowdfund a poll to gauge the state of the race there.

They succeeded, and the poll they commissioned showed a close race. With that information now public, campaigns in Alaska can show that poll to their supporters, leading donors to target the race in a way they might not have otherwise. Its another example of people working remotely, coordinating to get things done.

All virtual work

Music is another industry thats been reshaped by virtual work. Last years viral sensation, Old Town Road by Lil Nas X, was a song that was a product of virtual work.

It was a beat that Lil Nas X, living in suburban Atlanta at the time, bought from a producer he didnt know and had never met who lived outside of Amsterdam, turned into a song, and then marketed on social media platforms such as SoundCloud, TikTok and Twitter before he had a record deal or had even performed the song in public.

Taylor Swifts latest album was produced virtually as well. Different parts of the album were created in New York, Los Angeles, Paris and Wisconsin, with nobody meeting face-to-face because of coronavirus travel restrictions.

Although the music industry may continue to be anchored in traditional hubs like Los Angeles, New York and Nashville, Tennessee, its now possible to participate from anywhere with talent and luck.

What ties all of these stories together is the blurring of working virtually and the way content is created and distributed on the internet. Even before the pandemic led to the closure of offices, people were responding to work calls and emails on their phone, and companies were putting out corporate communications on Facebook and Twitter.

Now big companies and their employees are being forced to operate on the same playing field, competing with people who are native to the new virtual world and have already found success working this way. The old hierarchies and the roles of the gatekeepers may never be the same.

Conor Sen is a columnist. He has been a contributor to the Atlantic and Business Insider.

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A new virtual reality is reshaping the world - Gulf News

Global Education Thought Leader and Game Expert Predicts Greater Opportunities for Games and Virtual Reality in Immersive Learning Environments – PR…

NEW YORK (PRWEB) August 10, 2020

Amidst the coronavirus pandemic, teachers have been forced to adjust lesson plans and find more creative ways to enhance learning. In a new interview with C.M. Rubin, Founder of CMRubinWorld, Educator and Game Designer Paul Darvasi says that the research on game-based learning has exploded over the last fifteen years. Countless studies provide support for the effective use of digital games and simulations in diverse contexts, says Darvasi. Educators have been sharing lessons and experiences online that model how to leverage commercial games for instruction. Darvasi believes that in the future, virtual reality will accelerate in use to create greater opportunities to undertake learning in immersive environments.

Games were used to enhance and support online teaching and learning during the pandemic. Digital games demand interaction and participation, two qualities that now characterize much of the lives of the school-aged generation, says Darvasi.

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Paul Darvasi is an educator, game designer, speaker, and writer whose work looks at the intersection of games, culture and learning. His research explores how commercial video games can be used as texts for critical analysis by adolescents.

CMRubinWorlds award-winning series, The Global Search for Education, brings together distinguished thought leaders in education and innovation from around the world to explore the key learning issues faced by most nations. The series has become a highly visible platform for global discourse on 21st century learning, offering a diverse range of innovative ideas which are presented by the series founder, C. M. Rubin, together with the worlds leading thinkers.

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Follow @CMRubinWorld on Twitter

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Could We Force the Universe to Crash? – Scientific American

These are the days of fever dreams, whether induced by an actual virus or by the slow-motion stresses of a world dealing with a pandemic. One kind of dream in particular that I know Ive had has to do with discovering that this was all, well, a dream. Except, when I really do wake up, I remember that there are ideas about the nature of reality that go beyond even this. The trickiest variant of these concepts is the simulation hypothesis, which is that we far more likely exist within a virtual reality than in a physical reality.

The proposition that the world is a sham is not new; its been cropping up for thousands of years across different cultures, from China to ancient Greece, advocated by thinkers like Descartes with his mind-body dualism. But this more recent version, based around computationor at least artificial reconstructionbubbled up around 2003 with the publication of a paper titled Are You Living in a Computer Simulation? by the philosopher Nick Bostrom. In essence Bostrom makes the argument that if any extremely advanced civilizations develop the capacity to run ancestor simulations (to learn about their own pasts) the simulated ancestral entities would likely far outnumber actual sentient entities in the universe. With a little probabilistic hand-waving it is then possible to argue that we are most likely simulated.

All of which is good fun if youve had a few beers or spent a few too many hours cowering under your bedclothes. But while you might love or hate this hypothesis, the simple fact is that before judging it we should really apply the criteria we use for assessing any hypothesis, and the first step in that process is to ask whether it can be assessed in any reasonable way.

Intriguingly, the simulation hypothesis might be testable, under certain assumptions. For example, we might suppose that a simulation has its limitations. The most obvious one, extrapolating from the current state of digital computation, is simply that a simulation will have to make approximations to save on information storage and calculation overheads. In other words: it would have limits on accuracy and precision.

One way that those limits could manifest themselves is in the discretization of the world, perhaps showing up in spatial and temporal resolution barriers. Although we do think that there are some absolute limits in what constitutes meaningful small distances or time intervalsthe Planck scale and Planck timethat has to do with the limits of our current understanding of physics rather than the kind of resolution limits on your pixelated screen. Nonetheless, recent research suggests that the true limit of meaningful intervals of time might be orders of magnitude larger than the traditional Planck time (which itself is 10-43 seconds). Perhaps future physics experiments could reveal an unexpected chunkiness to time and space.

But the neatest test of the hypothesis would be to crash the system that runs our simulation. Naturally, that sounds a bit ill-advised, but if were all virtual entities anyway does it really matter? Presumably a quick reboot and restore might bring us back online as if nothing had happened, but possibly wed be able to tell, or at very least have a few microseconds of triumph just before it all shuts down.

The question is: how do you bring down a simulation of reality from inside it? The most obvious strategy would be to try to cause the equivalent of a stack overflowasking for more space in the active memory of a program than is availableby creating an infinitely, or at least excessively, recursive process. And the way to do that would be to build our own simulated realities, designed so that within those virtual worlds are entities creating their version of a simulated reality, which is in turn doing the same, and so on all the way down the rabbit hole. If all of this worked, the universe as we know it might crash, revealing itself as a mirage just as we winked out of existence.

You could argue that any species capable of simulating a reality (likely similar to its own) would surely anticipate this eventuality and build in some safeguards to prevent it happening. For instance, we might discover that it is strangely and inexplicably impossible to actually make simulated universes of our own, no matter how powerful our computational systems arewhether generalized quantum computers or otherwise. That in itself could be a sign that we already exist inside a simulation. Of course, the original programmers might have anticipated that scenario too and found some way to trick us, perhaps just streaming us information from other simulation runs rather than letting us run our own.

But interventions like this risk undermining the reason for a species running such simulations in the first place, which would be to learn something deep about their own nature. Perhaps letting it all crash is simply the price to pay for the integrity of the results. Or perhaps theyre simply running the simulation containing us to find out whether they themselves are within a fake reality.

Sweet dreams.

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Could We Force the Universe to Crash? - Scientific American

Transforming training with virtual reality – IT PRO

Providing staff with opportunities for training and upskilling is an increasingly important and expensive part of running a successful modern business. According to the latest Training Industry Report, the average training expenditure for large companies in 2019 was a whopping US$17.7 million (13.5 million).

This investment, which is largely poured into conventional classroom style teaching, isnt delivering much in return, however. Online learning provider Ceregos recent State of Learning report has found that a staggering 70% of training is forgotten within 24 hours and nearly 90% is forgotten after 30 days.

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The problems associated with traditional training methods dont end here. Issues like delivering consistent training, tracking skills application, quantifying training effectiveness and improving learning effectiveness are some of the constant challenges trainers have to deal with, says Faisal Athar, lead extended reality (XR) engineer at Malaysian digital innovation firm Ministry XR.

Raffaella Camera, global head of innovation and market strategy at Accenture Extended Reality agrees, adding that training people in high-risk industries like mining and construction is particularly difficult. Learning onsite requires people to put themselves in potentially dangerous situations often before theyve completed the necessary training, she says.

This is because it has been traditionally very difficult to replicate real-life scenarios in a classroom environment. Even the best role-play actors and most convincing off-site environments can struggle to recreate a physical real-life scenario, and the high costs of these classroom based courses can often render them a real challenge to scale across an organisations workforce, says Jason Lovell, head of virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) strategy at PwC UK.

The COVID-19 pandemic has not made things any easier. Its no longer possible to bring large numbers of people together in small spaces and while e-learning is one solution, its effectiveness is limited. E-learning can be more cost-effective but it can also be full of distractions a busy inbox is never far from view and your people can feel distant from the action they see online, says Lovell.

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You can watch a video or read books all you want, but its not the same as being in front of machinery and equipment, feeling the tools in your hands, and getting real-time feedback or changes take place in front of you, adds Ramon Llamas, research director for mobile devices and AR/VR at IDC.

With all this in mind, the time is ripe for VR technologies to enter the fore and to transform training for the better.

VR training can combat the shortfalls of traditional methods of training and further complement them. By wholly immersing workers in an VR experience, you can connect to them in a way that being talked at or reading off a screen doesnt, explains Colin Yellowley, founder and managing director of Igloo Vision, a UK-based firm that uses shared immersive spaces to show VR content. As the old Confucius quote puts it, I hear and I forget, I see and I remember, I do and I understand.

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Unlike traditional practices, VR training can be constantly repeated for improving skill sets, or even randomised to create new scenarios for training. User performance can be tracked and graded automatically. Moreover, this type of training is scalable to hundreds or even thousands of people.

These VR environments also allow trainees to experience equipment or substances that would otherwise be limited or inaccessible. Llamas provides a good example: For instance, training a warehouse worker to use a forklift truck can be an expensive process. You have to take a machine offline for a certain amount of time, train the employee, and the employee could end up damaging the machine or other assets. In a VR setting, a user can virtually pilot a forklift around a warehouse, conducting the proper exercises and safety steps to ensure correct usage. At the same time, the actual forklift stays in use and nothing gets damaged.

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While all of these benefits are significant, whats perhaps most impressive is VRs effectiveness.

Recent research from the University of Cambridgehas found that training via VR resulted in 28% more productivity, 55% faster learning and 200% less mistakes than non-VR methods.

A number of pioneering organisations are already enjoying these benefits. Global retailer Walmart, for example, has reported 80% savings in training time by using VR to prepare store managers for Black Friday, Americas biggest shopping day.

UK wastewater utility solutions providerLanes Group is using its Igloo Shared VR cylinder to train groups of engineers in simulations of various high-risk wastewater environments. Not only has this been successful, its reduced employee attrition by 57% and decreased employee unhappiness by 9%.

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The University School of Medicine in Atlanta, meanwhile, is using VR to train surgeons, resulting in a 40% reduction in mistakes made compared to surgeons who are conventionally trained.

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Multinational oil and gas company BP, meanwhile, is integrating its own content into VR-based training provider Immerses Virtual Enterprise Platform (VEP). The training will be deployed internationally, and the platform will generate detailed data and reports on learner progress.

VR and Simulation are key enablers to BPs digital agenda and initiatives to provide our workforce global accessibility to best in class training, said Anthony Del Barto, learning technology manager at BP, in a press statement. The value of data in the workforce is critical, and the Immerse platform allows us to gather the vital information that we need in order to upskill our employees efficiently in an innovative and engaging way. This is both beneficial to us as a company, but also to our staff to ensure theyre getting the best learning and development possible.

Advances are also being made in using VR for soft skills training and the rewards are there for those organisations that choose to adopt this approach. A soft skills study by PwC has found that 40% of VR learners saw an improvement in confidence compared to classroom learners and 35% improvement over e-learners to act on what they learned after training in VR.

As VR technology becomes more usable, affordable and powerful than it already is, and as expertise and experience in developing VR training improves, experts agree that it will become a core part of delivering training across all verticals in the years to come. In fact, IDC estimates that VR training will contribute $294 billion (225 billion) to the global economy by 2030.

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VR technology is constantly improving. By going wireless, improving battery life, creating more natural means of user interaction and generating greater processing power and graphics streaming, even more realistic and immersive training scenarios will be enabled, says Asyran Amin, lead XR engineer at Ministry XR.

Lovell, meanwhile, says the technology will help drive a new age of learning, development and education by delivering a cost-effective, immersive and efficient experience to train people in both hard and soft skills. VR offers unignorable benefits for organisations who want to train large sets of people, remotely and cost-effectively with better outcomes compared to the existing, traditional training formats, he says.

For Camera, VR training holds a wealth of opportunities, but more needs to be done before it can truly become a core part of skills development. Currently, the vast majority of VR learning applications are for technical and behavioural training, she says. In order for it to become more mainstream, it is critical that companies start implementing these solutions at-scale, versus in siloed, one-off situations. At the same time, VR training will become more prevalent as the headsets themselves become more mainstream for consumers.

The more people who have VR devices on-hand, the more opportunities there will be for companies to provide employees with this type of training content, she concludes.

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Virtual Reality (VR) Headsets Market – Impact Of Covid-19 And Benchmarking. – Market Research Posts

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The major players in the Virtual Reality (VR) Headsets Market are Sony Corporation, Samsung electronics Ltd., HTC Corporation, Google, Inc., Microsoft Corporation, LG Electronics, Inc., Avegant Corporation, Facebook, Fove, Inc., and Oculus VR, LLC.We also need a market analysis section solely dedicated to major players such as where analysts give us an insight into the financial statements of all the major players, along with product benchmarking and SWOT analysis. Global Virtual Reality (VR) Headsets market with great emphasis on its market share, recent developments, business overview, market served, and growth strategies.

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Virtual Reality (VR) Headsets Market: Research Methodology

Coherent Market Insights follows a comprehensive research methodology focused on providing the most precise market analysis. The company leverages a data triangulation model which helps company to gauge the market dynamics and provide accurate estimates. Key components of the research methodologies followed for all our market reports include:

As part of Primary research, our analysts interviewed a number of primary sources from the demand and supply sides of the global Virtual Reality (VR) Headsets Market. This helped them to obtain both quantitative and qualitative data and information. On the demand side of the global Virtual Reality (VR) Headsets Market are end-users, whereas on the supply side are distributors, vendors, and manufacturers.

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During our Secondary research, we collect information from different sources such as databases, regulatory bodies, gold and silver-standard websites, articles by recognized authors, certified publications, white papers, investor presentations and press releases of companies, and annual reports.

COVID-19 Impact on Virtual Reality (VR) Headsets Market

This research study also includes the analyses related to the impact of Covid-19 on the Virtual Reality (VR) Headsets Market. The global impacts of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) may significantly affect the growth of the Virtual Reality (VR) Headsets Market in near future. As per the experts viewpoints, it affects the global economy in 3 major ways:

Virtual Reality (VR) Headsets Market: Regional Analysis

This part of the report includes detailed information on the market in various regions. Each region offers different scope for markets because every region has different government policies and other factors. The regions included in this report areNorth America, Europe, The Asia Pacific, and the Middle East and Africa. Information about the different areas helps the reader to understand better the global market.

Complete SWOT Analysis of the Global Virtual Reality (VR) Headsets Market

SWOT analysisis one technique that is quite that helps to gain an insight into the past and find a solution for the benefit of current or future blemish, useful for existing companies as well as the new plan. SWOT-analysis helps reduce weaknesses while maximizing the strong side of the company. Its can also be used when it comes to achieving certain goals in non-profit organizations or private companies. This tool can be used to make a reconsideration during the study.

Importance of SWOT Analysis in Business :

The mostimportantpart of aSWOT analysisis to improve the viability of your company.Importantthreats coupled with a company weakness typically put at risk your companys future, and theSWOT analysisidentifies these risks. You can eliminate internal weaknesses by assigning company resources to fix the problems.

Factors of SWOT-analysis will help businesses to understand their strengths to the threat that what is the strength of the company and what could be a threat or a risk in the future. With the help of SWOT analysis, companies can increase the chances of success and reduce the possibility of failure.

When the company conducted a SWOT analysis they need to know what are the weak points of the company. Then, managers can provide training to employees who help the company to improve employee performance.

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When managers know each and every aspect of the company from strength to threats. Time strategy formulation becomes easy. It helps companies to formulate a strategy.

It helps the company to motivate employees because when companies must know their weaknesses are trying to remove and send employees. When employees know their weaknesses are also working hard to eliminate the weaknesses

It helps companies to identify potential opportunities. SWOT analysis company because when they come to know about any potential opportunities that can help a business to grow.

Competitor analysis is critical to any marketing plan and SWOT analysis provides a perfect way to do this. Typically, PEST analysis is done before a SWOT analysis to provide details on opportunities and threats sections. Once you have a complete SWOT diagram you and your competitors, you can make better decisions about your marketing plan.

PESTEL Analysis :

APESTEL analysisor more recently named PESTELE is a framework or tool used by marketers to analyse and monitor the macro-environmental (external marketing environment) factors that have an impact on an organisation. The result of which is used to identify threats and weaknesses which are used in a SWOTanalysis.

Opportunities come in various forms, then the value of doing a PESTEL analysis. PESTEL stands for:

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How SWOT Analysis Is Important for Virtual Reality (VR) Headsets Market ?

There are three steps to follow in this analysis.

In this stage, and we collect all the information regarding the first two internal factors, strengths and weaknesses. However, this information collection can be done in a number of different ways. One-to-one interview or a group discussion can be carried to gather information. There will be a number of different views, questions, and issues related to these elements.

Here, we can make a list of all the opportunities that it may encounter in the future. It can make another list of all the future possible threats within the organization.

In this stage, the plan of action will have carried out to meet these opportunities and to secure the company from the threats. In this stage, the organization makes sure that they can maintain the strengths, change or stop the weaknesses, prioritize opportunism and minimize threats.

If you are not doing a SWOT analysis for your business or new start-ups you will face some of these Problems or Issues:

Appendix

Virtual Reality (VR) Headsets Market report gives you details about the market research finding and conclusion which helps you to develop profitable market strategies to gain a competitive advantage. Supported by comprehensive primary as well as secondary research, the Virtual Reality (VR) Headsets Market the report is then verified using expert advice, quality check and final review. The market data was analyzed and foretasted using market dynamics and consistent models.

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Virtual Reality (VR) Headsets Market - Impact Of Covid-19 And Benchmarking. - Market Research Posts

Augmented Reality (AR) & Virtual Reality (VR) in Healthcare Sales Market 2020 Size by Product Analysis, Application, End-Users, Regional Outlook,…

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Virtual Reality Employee Training: Tips To Limit Costs – The Union Journal

Virtual Reality gives employees the chance to soak up information and learn the error of their ways in a safe setting. Or identify hidden talents they can use to benefit the business and boost on-the-job productivity. But the goal is to give them the skills and experiences they need in VR environments. Then turn them loose in the workplace to apply what they learned. So, how do you tip the payroll scales to give them more hours on the job and less in ILT courses? Here are 6 insider secrets to lower training expenses and make long training sessions a thing of the past.

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Things get out of hand when you try to squeeze too much content into one online training session or activity. Focus on a single skill or task in your Virtual Reality employee training simulations. Give employees the chance to experience the skill firsthand and see how it relates to their job duties. For

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Virtual Reality (VR) Software Market Size, Global Future Trend, Segmentation, Business Growth, Top Key Players, Opportunities and Forecast to 2027 -…

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Unveiling a brief about the Virtual Reality (VR) Software market competitive scope:

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Virtual Reality (VR) Software Market Size, Global Future Trend, Segmentation, Business Growth, Top Key Players, Opportunities and Forecast to 2027 -...

Augmented Reality (AR) & Virtual Reality (VR) in Healthcare Industry Market Opportunity, Demand, recent trends, Major Driving Factors and Business…

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Augmented Reality (AR) & Virtual Reality (VR) in Healthcare Industry Market Opportunity, Demand, recent trends, Major Driving Factors and Business...

3D virtual reality building inspections developed to aid remote working during the pandemic – HeraldScotland

A new online platform using 3D and virtual reality technology has been developed to allow remote building inspections to take place.

The six-month project at the University of Strathclyde uses state-of-the-art algorithms, virtual reality and image processing techniques to monitor the construction phase of buildings.

The platform will create a 3D environment of a building and reduce the number of physical inspections from quantity surveyors and health and safety inspectors required.

Since the beginning of the coronavirus pandemic, the necessity to work remotely means the technology could help solve problems arising from not being able to visit the site since remote working became the norm during the coronavirus pandemic.

READ MORE:Scotland Covid-19 cases rise by 48 with no deaths

Researchers say the technology will meanfewer defects occur in the long term as well as improving productivity and quality overall.

It has now also received 35,000 from the Construction Scotland Innovation Centre i-Con Challenge.

Dr Andrew Agapiou is a senior lecturer in the universitys department of architecture and lead researcher on the project.

He said: The ability to accurately detect errors and defects in remote and hard-to-access buildings has significant value for the organisations.

READ MORE:Bid to bring ornate ironwork back to Glasgow from Europe's busiest railway stations

In many situations, these structures are inspected extensively using digital cameras to capture images which can be analysed offline by experts who study the footage in detail.

The use of advanced photogrammetry and artificial intelligence technologies will help data gathering and analysis with minimum human interaction with buildings.

The project partners are the Scottish Government Building Standards Division, Sublime, Robert Gordon University, Balfour Beatty Construction, BDP, Anomalous Technologies, Scottish Futures Trust Hub-Cos Partnership, Highlands Council and the Construction Scotland Innovation Centre.

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3D virtual reality building inspections developed to aid remote working during the pandemic - HeraldScotland

Investment to support treatment of patients using virtual reality – Wales247

The Crowdcube fundraise, only launched this week, has already hit its 300k target at a pre-money valuation of 3.1m, with significant pledges already secured from angel investors and Development Bank of Wales.

Through Crowdcube, Rescape now has the opportunity to overfund, giving investors a stake from as little as 11.76 in a fast-moving sector that has really shown its value during the pandemic.

Rescape partnered with Cwm Taf Morgannwg University Health Board and the Centre for Trials Research at Cardiff University to demonstrate the very human benefits VR has brought to frontline NHS teams facing COVID-19, and the potential to roll out this technology and increase the adoption of VR in a range of future medical treatment plans.

Rescape already has a track record in the use of VR to support patient recovery and rehabilitation, working with cancer patients at Velindre Hospital, and Cystic Fibrosis patients in Cardiff and Vale Health Board, and the value of VR has also been evidenced in mums in childbirth. Now, for the first time, theyve been successfully using virtual reality through their DR.VR platform to help reduce anxiety and stress amongst NHS staff tackling the pandemic, which has far reaching implications on NHS costs. In January this year alone, before the pandemic struck, over 434,000 work days were lost to anxiety, stress, depression and other psychiatric illnesses amongst NHS staff, and to give an idea of scale, a reduction of one day per staff member per year saves the NHS 150m.

Launching the Crowdcube fundraise, Rescape Innovation CEO Matt Wordley said: This is the latest push in our aim tobecome the leading global provider of immersive technology solutions, including VR, in healthcare and associated marketplaces. It gives anyone the opportunity to have a stake in this innovative technology for as little as 11.76, which, apart from being a great investment in a growing company, gives people the warm feeling they are providing proven benefits to patients, staff and reducing costs in the NHS. We already have interest from over 10 hospitals and trusts across the UK in the next scale-up of trials.

Luke Lang, co-founder of Crowdcube commented: Rescape joins a growing list of healthcare technology businesses that have successfully fundraised with Crowdcube since the Covid-19 pandemic started earlier this year. Rescapes mission to use virtual reality to help reduce stress and anxiety for NHS employees and improve patient wellbeing has clearly inspired people to invest in the innovative business, which is now overfunding.

Dr Michelle Smalley is a Clinical Psychologist working in Intensive Care Units in Royal Glamorgan and Prince Charles Hospitals in Cwm Taf Morgannwg University Health Board Dr. Smalley said: Roles radically changed on March 13, with a dramatic increase in stress and anxiety amongst frontline medical and nursing teams for both themselves and their loved ones. My role pivoted to focus on staff wellbeing and support, and trying to limit burn out, so we worked with Rescape to bring in DR.VR headsets to see if it would prove a useful aid in reducing anxiety, and give the medical teams some much needed relief.

Being a clinical psychologist in unprecedented times has called for unprecedented measures to help support staff. From the moment I tried these headsets out myself, I realised their potential for helping with anxiety and stress, but we have to be evidence based in our approach.

The DR.VR Frontline Relief evaluation is available on the new FutureVision.Health web platform, a portal set up to promote the benefits of immersive technologies in healthcare. The main results from the evaluation suggest that staff found using VR was an enjoyable experience, and they would recommend use to their colleagues to aid relaxation and for reducing stress. In particular, staff valued the meditative spaces and breathing exercises.

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Investment to support treatment of patients using virtual reality - Wales247

E-Learning Virtual Reality Market 2020 Size by Product Analysis, Application, End-Users, Regional Outlook, Competitive Strategies and Forecast to 2027…

New Jersey, United States,- Market Research Intellect aggregates the latest research on E-Learning Virtual Reality Market to provide a concise overview of market valuation, industry size, SWOT analysis, revenue approximation, and regional outlook for this business vertical. The report accurately addresses the major opportunities and challenges faced by competitors in this industry and presents the existing competitive landscape and corporate strategies implemented by the E-Learning Virtual Reality market players.

The E-Learning Virtual Reality market report gathers together the key trends influencing the growth of the industry with respect to competitive scenarios and regions in which the business has been successful. In addition, the study analyzes the various limitations of the industry and uncovers opportunities to establish a growth process. In addition, the report also includes a comprehensive research on industry changes caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, helping investors and other stakeholders make informed decisions.

Key highlights from COVID-19 impact analysis:

Unveiling a brief about the E-Learning Virtual Reality market competitive scope:

The report includes pivotal details about the manufactured products, and in-depth company profile, remuneration, and other production patterns.

The research study encompasses information pertaining to the market share that every company holds, in tandem with the price pattern graph and the gross margins.

E-Learning Virtual Reality Market, By Type

E-Learning Virtual Reality Market, By Application

Other important inclusions in the E-Learning Virtual Reality market report:

A brief overview of the regional landscape:

Reasons To Buy:

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Market Research Intellect provides syndicated and customized research reports to clients from various industries and organizations with the aim of delivering functional expertise. We provide reports for all industries including Energy, Technology, Manufacturing and Construction, Chemicals and Materials, Food and Beverage, and more. These reports deliver an in-depth study of the market with industry analysis, the market value for regions and countries, and trends that are pertinent to the industry.

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E-Learning Virtual Reality Market 2020 Size by Product Analysis, Application, End-Users, Regional Outlook, Competitive Strategies and Forecast to 2027...

Virtual Reality in Automotive Market 2026 by Scope, Size, Opportunities and Growth Rate analysis – Fresno Observer

The Latest research report onVirtual Reality in Automotive Marketoffers an in-depth analysis of the market. It further provides detailed description on the adoption of different products across several regions. Information on trends, drivers, opportunities, threats, and restraints of the market can further help stakeholders to gain valuable insights into the market. The report offers a detailed competitive landscape by presenting information on key players, along with their strategies, in the market.

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Global Virtual Reality in Automotive Market2020 Industry Research Report is a professional and in-depth study on the current state industry and competitive landscape details in this niche sector.Virtual Reality in Automotive Market is split by Type and by Application. For the period 2015-2025, the growth among segments provide accurate calculations and forecasts for sales by Type and by Application in terms of volume and value. This analysis can help you expand your business by targeting qualified niche markets.

Regional analysis is another highly comprehensive part of the research and analysis study of the global Virtual Reality in Automotive Market presented in the report. This section sheds light on the sales growth of different regional and country-level Virtual Reality in Automotive Markets. For the historical and forecast period 2020 to 2026, it provides detailed and accurate country-wise volume analysis and region-wise market size analysis of the global Virtual Reality in Automotive Market.

Among other players domestic and global, Virtual Reality in Automotive Market share data is available for global, North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Middle East and Africa and South America separately. Our analysts understand competitive strengths and provide competitive analysis for each competitor separately.

Highlights of the Report:

In-depth analysis of various insights, namely, Sterilization Containers Market trends, growth drivers, opportunities, and other related challenges.

Comprehensive details of key market players, their core competencies, and Sterilization Containers Market share.

The potency of suppliers and buyers to make better business decisions.

Lists out the market size in terms of volume.

Key questions answered in the report:

What will the market growth rate of market in 2025?

What are the key factors driving the global market?

Who are the key manufacturers in market space?

What are the market opportunities, market risk and market overview of the market?

What are sales, revenue, and price analysis of top manufacturers of market?

Who are the distributors, traders and dealers of market?

What are the market opportunities and threats faced by the vendors in the global industry?

What are sales, revenue, and price analysis by types and applications of market?

What are sales, revenue, and price analysis by regions of industry?

Table of Content:

Introduction

Research Scope

Market Segmentation

Research Methodology

Definitions and Assumptions

Executive Summary

Market Dynamics

Market Drivers

Market Restraints

Continued

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10 beauty brands that let you try before you buy with virtual swatching tools – VOGUE India

The year may have started like any other, but a global health crisis compelled beauty stores to lower their shutters in March. With in-store product swatching put on ice following hygiene concerns, its virtual counterpart has now assumed its place under the mainstream spotlight. While online makeup try-on tools have been pedalling through the beauty-verse for a while now, the cutting-edge facial mapping technology of today serves as a far cry from the artificial, super-imposed experiences you tried for laughs at sleepovers.

A closer look at the record books offers definitive proof that virtual realitys presence on the beauty landscape is nothing newL'Oral famously inked a deal with ModiFace, a Toronto-based beauty tech company, in 2018 to acquire access to its numerous patents within the world of augmented reality. The onset of the pandemic afforded further momentum, with brands like Ulta Beauty recording a spike in virtual apps as a safer alternative to in-store testing. To ensure our guests safety, product testers are on display only to offer guests a truer sense of colours and textures. We know the discovery inherent to the beauty shopping experience includes swatching. Virtual try-on experiences serve as a safe alternative to product testers for guests who seek to continue colour swatching and testing products, says a spokesperson from the brand. If youre looking to give yourself a virtual makeover before opting for a real one in the salon chair, here are the hair, makeup and nail brands that youll want to bookmark.

If youve always wondered whether you could pull off rainbow-hued eyeshadow or go mother-of-dragons platinum blonde, the L'Oral virtual makeup try-on hub promises answers. Fuelled with ModiFace technology under the hood, the tool allows users to dabble with the brands full range of colour cosmetics and hair colour options.

Beauty enthusiasts might find their fidelity to Ruby Woo questioned with the brands virtual try-on functionality that offers up over 200 shades for online swatching. When browsing the official website, keep an eye out for the try it on widget that allows you to swatch shades directly through live camera, on an uploaded photo orif youre not in the mood to face the lenson an online model.

Eyebrow hair is notorious as the trickiest facial component to render artificially, and the brow experts looked to ModiFace for a transformation technology that replicates every unique strand. Before you make an appointment with your tweezers during the lockdown, choose from the brands roster of eyebrow shapes and sizes to find the look that works best for you.

The French couture house makes its way to the augmented reality scene with a virtual try-on experience available on its UK website. If youve been on the hunt for your next investment buy, sample the labels lip shade offerings from your desktop or mobile without ever having to move off the couch.

Even before you get your hands on the brands newest drops, you can test-drive the products with the virtual try-on functionalities available on its official website. If your weekend plans involve a virtual makeover, the brand offers access to its entire range of colour cosmetics along with advanced capabilities that include a foundation finder and brow studio.

If youd rather not have any surprises while youre hunched over the sink, it pays to do your homework beforehand on the hair colours that work for you. Schwarzkopf allows you to do a dry run in advance with its colour advice tool imbued with split-screen technology, so you can compare your dream hair colour against your current shade and make an informed decision.

As the host to the latest and the greatest in the world of beauty, Sephora Virtual Artist goes beyond the usual swatching gig to serve up step-by-step tutorials that take the guesswork out of where precisely you should be applying products on your face.

If you miss arm-swatching the brands pigmented lip colours, the virtual experience will help keep FOMO at bay. Like its counterparts in the industry, the tool employs facial mapping to offer a true-to-life makeover through the live camera, your favourite selfie or a model.

On those days when youre missing a mani appointment, look to OPI Nail Studio for the next best thing. Since its launch over a decade ago, the virtual try-on studio has been offering beauty enthusiasts the chance to find the perfect manicure by adjusting the skin colour and nail length on a virtual hand before playing around with nail polish shades.

In light of the pandemic, the American e-tailer has been positioning its interactive virtual experience as an alternative to in-store product swatching. Spanning a wide range of products, from eye and lip makeup to lesser-known candidates, such as false eyelashes, GLAMlab serves as an easy way to dabble with colours to find your perfect match.

This Vogue writer took a full year to find her perfect foundation shade

How will technology change our relationship with beauty after COVID-19?

How to buy makeup online: Your complete guide to a good shopping experience

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10 beauty brands that let you try before you buy with virtual swatching tools - VOGUE India

Virtual Reality(VR) For Healthcare Market 2020 Size by Product Analysis, Application, End-Users, Regional Outlook, Competitive Strategies and Forecast…

New Jersey, United States,- Market Research Intellect aggregates the latest research on Virtual Reality(VR) For Healthcare Market to provide a concise overview of market valuation, industry size, SWOT analysis, revenue approximation, and regional outlook for this business vertical. The report accurately addresses the major opportunities and challenges faced by competitors in this industry and presents the existing competitive landscape and corporate strategies implemented by the Virtual Reality(VR) For Healthcare market players.

The Virtual Reality(VR) For Healthcare market report gathers together the key trends influencing the growth of the industry with respect to competitive scenarios and regions in which the business has been successful. In addition, the study analyzes the various limitations of the industry and uncovers opportunities to establish a growth process. In addition, the report also includes a comprehensive research on industry changes caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, helping investors and other stakeholders make informed decisions.

Key highlights from COVID-19 impact analysis:

Unveiling a brief about the Virtual Reality(VR) For Healthcare market competitive scope:

The report includes pivotal details about the manufactured products, and in-depth company profile, remuneration, and other production patterns.

The research study encompasses information pertaining to the market share that every company holds, in tandem with the price pattern graph and the gross margins.

Virtual Reality(VR) For Healthcare Market, By Type

Virtual Reality(VR) For Healthcare Market, By Application

Other important inclusions in the Virtual Reality(VR) For Healthcare market report:

A brief overview of the regional landscape:

Reasons To Buy:

About Us:

Market Research Intellect provides syndicated and customized research reports to clients from various industries and organizations with the aim of delivering functional expertise. We provide reports for all industries including Energy, Technology, Manufacturing and Construction, Chemicals and Materials, Food and Beverage, and more. These reports deliver an in-depth study of the market with industry analysis, the market value for regions and countries, and trends that are pertinent to the industry.

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Virtual Reality(VR) For Healthcare Market 2020 Size by Product Analysis, Application, End-Users, Regional Outlook, Competitive Strategies and Forecast...

How Covid-19 Impact Could Open The Door For Virtual Reality Content Creation Market. – Owned

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The major players in the Virtual Reality Content Creation Market are 360 Labs, Blippar, Koncept VR, Matterport, Panedia Pty Ltd., SubVRsive, Vizor, Voxelus, WeMakeVR, and WevrWe also need a market analysis section solely dedicated to major players such as where analysts give us an insight into the financial statements of all the major players, along with product benchmarking and SWOT analysis. Global Virtual Reality Content Creation market with great emphasis on its market share, recent developments, business overview, market served, and growth strategies.

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Virtual Reality Content Creation Market: Research Methodology

Coherent Market Insights follows a comprehensive research methodology focused on providing the most precise market analysis. The company leverages a data triangulation model which helps company to gauge the market dynamics and provide accurate estimates. Key components of the research methodologies followed for all our market reports include:

As part of Primary research, our analysts interviewed a number of primary sources from the demand and supply sides of the global Virtual Reality Content Creation Market. This helped them to obtain both quantitative and qualitative data and information. On the demand side of the global Virtual Reality Content Creation Market are end-users, whereas on the supply side are distributors, vendors, and manufacturers.

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During our Secondary research, we collect information from different sources such as databases, regulatory bodies, gold and silver-standard websites, articles by recognized authors, certified publications, white papers, investor presentations and press releases of companies, and annual reports.

COVID-19 Impact on Virtual Reality Content Creation Market

This research study also includes the analyses related to the impact of Covid-19 on the Virtual Reality Content Creation Market. The global impacts of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) may significantly affect the growth of the Virtual Reality Content Creation Market in near future. As per the experts viewpoints, it affects the global economy in 3 major ways:

Virtual Reality Content Creation Market: Regional Analysis

This part of the report includes detailed information on the market in various regions. Each region offers different scope for markets because every region has different government policies and other factors. The regions included in this report areNorth America, Europe, The Asia Pacific, and the Middle East and Africa. Information about the different areas helps the reader to understand better the global market.

Complete SWOT Analysis of the Global Virtual Reality Content Creation Market

SWOT analysisis one technique that is quite that helps to gain an insight into the past and find a solution for the benefit of current or future blemish, useful for existing companies as well as the new plan. SWOT-analysis helps reduce weaknesses while maximizing the strong side of the company. Its can also be used when it comes to achieving certain goals in non-profit organizations or private companies. This tool can be used to make a reconsideration during the study.

Importance of SWOT Analysis in Business :

The mostimportantpart of aSWOT analysisis to improve the viability of your company.Importantthreats coupled with a company weakness typically put at risk your companys future, and theSWOT analysisidentifies these risks. You can eliminate internal weaknesses by assigning company resources to fix the problems.

Factors of SWOT-analysis will help businesses to understand their strengths to the threat that what is the strength of the company and what could be a threat or a risk in the future. With the help of SWOT analysis, companies can increase the chances of success and reduce the possibility of failure.

When the company conducted a SWOT analysis they need to know what are the weak points of the company. Then, managers can provide training to employees who help the company to improve employee performance.

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When managers know each and every aspect of the company from strength to threats. Time strategy formulation becomes easy. It helps companies to formulate a strategy.

It helps the company to motivate employees because when companies must know their weaknesses are trying to remove and send employees. When employees know their weaknesses are also working hard to eliminate the weaknesses

It helps companies to identify potential opportunities. SWOT analysis company because when they come to know about any potential opportunities that can help a business to grow.

Competitor analysis is critical to any marketing plan and SWOT analysis provides a perfect way to do this. Typically, PEST analysis is done before a SWOT analysis to provide details on opportunities and threats sections. Once you have a complete SWOT diagram you and your competitors, you can make better decisions about your marketing plan.

PESTEL Analysis :

APESTEL analysisor more recently named PESTELE is a framework or tool used by marketers to analyse and monitor the macro-environmental (external marketing environment) factors that have an impact on an organisation. The result of which is used to identify threats and weaknesses which are used in a SWOTanalysis.

Opportunities come in various forms, then the value of doing a PESTEL analysis. PESTEL stands for:

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How SWOT Analysis Is Important for Virtual Reality Content Creation Market ?

There are three steps to follow in this analysis.

In this stage, and we collect all the information regarding the first two internal factors, strengths and weaknesses. However, this information collection can be done in a number of different ways. One-to-one interview or a group discussion can be carried to gather information. There will be a number of different views, questions, and issues related to these elements.

Here, we can make a list of all the opportunities that it may encounter in the future. It can make another list of all the future possible threats within the organization.

In this stage, the plan of action will have carried out to meet these opportunities and to secure the company from the threats. In this stage, the organization makes sure that they can maintain the strengths, change or stop the weaknesses, prioritize opportunism and minimize threats.

If you are not doing a SWOT analysis for your business or new start-ups you will face some of these Problems or Issues:

Appendix

Virtual Reality Content Creation Market report gives you details about the market research finding and conclusion which helps you to develop profitable market strategies to gain a competitive advantage. Supported by comprehensive primary as well as secondary research, the Virtual Reality Content Creation Market the report is then verified using expert advice, quality check and final review. The market data was analyzed and foretasted using market dynamics and consistent models.

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How Covid-19 Impact Could Open The Door For Virtual Reality Content Creation Market. - Owned

What is Nanomedicine? : Center for Nanomedicine

Nanomedicine is defined as the medical application of nanotechnology. Nanomedicine can include a wide range of applications, including biosensors, tissue engineering, diagnostic devices, and many others. In the Center for Nanomedicine at Johns Hopkins, we focus on harnessing nanotechnology to more effectively diagnose, treat, and prevent various diseases. Our entire bodies are exposed to the medicines that we take, which can lead to unpleasant side effects and minimize the amount of medicine that reaches the places where it is needed. Medications can be more efficiently delivered to the site of action using nanotechnology, resulting in improved outcomes with less medication.

For example, treating cancer with current chemotherapy delivery techniques is like spraying an entire rose garden with poison in order to kill a single weed. It would be far more effective to spray a small amount of poison, directly on the weed, and save the roses. In this analogy, a cancer patients hair follicles, immune cells, and epithelia are the roses being poisoned by the chemotherapy. Using nanotechnology, we can direct the chemotherapy to the tumor and minimize exposure to the rest of the body. In addition, our nanotechnologies are more capable of bypassing internal barriers (see Technologies), further improving upon conventional nanotechnologies. Not only is our approach more effective at eradicating tumors (see Cancer under Research), but it also results in much higher quality of life for the patient.

Nanotechnology can also reduce the frequency with which we have to take our medications. Typically, the human body can very quickly and effectively remove medications, reducing the duration of action. For example, the current treatment for age-related macular degeneration (AMD) requires monthly injections into the eye in a clinical setting. However, if the medication is slowly released from the inside of a nanoparticle, the frequency of injection can be reduced to once every 6 months (see Eye under Research). The nanoparticle itself also slowly biodegrades into components that naturally occur in the body, which are also removed from the body after the medication has done its job. This exciting technology is currently being commercialized and moved toward clinical trials (see Commercialization).

Nanomedicine will lead to many more exciting medical breakthroughs. Please explore our various nanotechnology platforms and the numerous areas in which we are pursuing nanomedicine-based medical solutions.

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What is Nanomedicine? : Center for Nanomedicine

Nanomedicine | medicine | Britannica

Nanomedicine, branch of medicine that seeks to apply nanotechnologythat is, the manipulation and manufacture of materials and devices that are smaller than 1 nanometre [0.0000001 cm] in sizeto the prevention of disease and to imaging, diagnosis, monitoring, treatment, repair, and regeneration of biological systems.

Although nanomedicine remains in its early stages, a number of nanomedical applications have been developed. Research thus far has focused on the development of biosensors to aid in diagnostics and vehicles to administer vaccines, medications, and genetic therapy, including the development of nanocapsules to aid in cancer treatment.

An offshoot of nanotechnology, nanomedicine is an emerging field and had garnered interest as a site for global research and development, which gives the field academic and commercial legitimacy. Funding for nanomedicine research comes both from public and private sources, and the leading investors are the United States, the United Kingdom, Germany, and Japan. In terms of the volume of nanomedicine research, these countries are joined by China, France, India, Brazil, Russia, and India.

Working at the molecular-size scale, nanomedicine is animated with promises of the seamless integration of biology and technology, the eradication of disease through personalized medicine, targeted drug delivery, regenerative medicine, as well as nanomachinery that can substitute portions of cells. Although many of these visions may not come to fruition, some nanomedicine applications have become reality, with the potential to radically transform the practice of medicine, as well as current understandings of the health, disease, and biologyissues that are of vital importance for contemporary societies. The fields global market share totalled some $78 billion dollars in 2012, driven by technological advancements. By the end of the decade, the market is expected to grow to nearly $200 billion.

Nanomedicine derives much of its rhetorical, technological, and scientific strength from the scale on which it operates (1 to 100 nanometers), the size of molecules and biochemical functions. The term nanomedicine emerged in 1999, the year when American scientist Robert A. Freitas Jr. published Nanomedicine: Basic Capabilities, the first of two volumes he dedicated to the subject.

Extending American scientist K. Eric Drexlers vision of molecular assemblers with respect to nanotechnology, nanomedicine was depicted as facilitating the creation of nanobot devices (nanoscale-sized automatons) that would navigate the human body searching for and clearing disease. Although much of this compelling imagery still remains unrealized, it underscores the underlying vision of doctors being able to search and destroy diseased cells, or of nanomachines that substitute biological parts, which still drives portrayals of the field. Such illustrations remain integral to the field, being used by scientists, funding agencies, and the media alike.

Attesting to the fields actuality are numerous dedicated scientific and industry-oriented conferences, peer-reviewed scientific journals, professional societies, and a growing number of companies. However, nanomedicines identity, scope, and goals are a matter of controversy. In 2006, for instance, the prestigious journal Nature Materials discussed the ongoing struggle of policy makers to understand if nanomedicine is a rhetorical issue or a solution to a real problem. This ambivalence is reflected in the numerous definitions of nanomedicine that can be found in scientific literature, that range from complicated drugs to the above mentioned nanobots. Despite the lack of a shared definition, there is a general agreement that nanomedicine entails the application of nanotechnology in medicine and that it will profoundly impact medical practice.

A further topic of debate is nanomedicines genealogy, in particular its connections to molecular medicine and nanotechnology. The case of nanotechnology is exemplary: on one hand, its potentialin terms of science but also in regard to funding and recognitionis often mobilized by nanomedicine proponents; on the other, there is an attempt to distance nanomedicine from nanotechnology, for fear of being damaged by the perceived hype that surrounds it. The push is then for nanomedicine to emerge not as a subdiscipline of nanotechnology but as a parallel field.

Although nanomedicine research and development is actively pursued in numerous countries, the United States, the EU (particularly Germany), and Japan have made significant contributions from the fields outset. This is reflected both in the number of articles published and in that of patents filed, both of which have grown exponentially since 2004. By 2012, however, nanomedicine research in China grew with respect to publications in the field, and the country ranked second only to the United States in the number of research articles published.

In 2004, two U.S. funding agenciesthe National Institutes of Health and the National Cancer Instituteidentified nanomedicine as a priority research area allocating $144 million and $80 million, respectively, to its study. In the EU meanwhile, public granting institutions did not formally recognize nanomedicine as a field, providing instead funding for research that falls under the headers of nanotechnology and health. Such lack of coordination had been the target of critiques by the European Science Foundation (ESF), warning that it would result in lost medical benefits. In spite of this, the EU ranked first in number of nanomedicine articles published and in 2007 the Seventh Framework Programme (FP7) allocated 250 million to nanomedicine research. Such work has also been heavily funded by the private sector. A study led by the European Science and Technology Observatory found that over 200 European companies were researching and developing nanomedicine applications, many of which were coordinating their efforts.

Much of nanomedicine research is application oriented, emphasizing methods to transfer it from the laboratory to the bedside. In 2005 the ESF pointed to four main subfields in nanomedicine research: analytical tools and nanoimaging, nanomaterials and nanodevices, novel therapeutics and drug delivery systems, and clinical, regulatory, and toxicological issues. Research in analytical tools and nanoimaging seeks to develop noninvasive, reliable, cheap, and highly sensitive tools for in vivo diagnosis and visualization. The ultimate goal is to create fully functional mobile sensors that can be remotely controlled to conduct in vivo, real-time analysis. Research on nanomaterials and nanodevices aims to improve the biocompatibility and mechanical properties of biomaterials used in medicine, so as to create safer implants, substitute damaged cell parts, or stimulate cell growth for tissue engineering and regeneration, to name a few. Work in novel therapeutics and drug delivery systems strives to develop and design nanoparticles and nanostructures that are noninvasive and can target specific diseases, as well as cross biological barriers. Allied with very precise means for diagnosis, these drug delivery systems would enable equally precise site-specific therapeutics and fewer side effects. The area of drug delivery accounts for a large portion of nanomedicines scientific publications.

Finally, the subfield of clinical, regulatory, and toxicological issues lumps together research that examines the field as a whole. Questions of safety and toxicology are prevalent, an issue that is all the more important given that nanomedicine entails introducing newly engineered nanoscale particles, materials, and devices into the human body. Regulatory issues revolve around the management of this newness, with some defending the need for new regulation, and others the ability of systems to deal with it. This subfield should also include other research by social scientists and humanists, namely on the ethics of nanomedicine.

Combined, these subfields build a case for preventive medicine and personalized medicine. Building upon genomics, personalized medicine envisions the possibility of individually tailored diagnostics and therapeutics. Preventive medicine takes this notion further, conjuring the possibility of treating a disease before it manifests itself. If realized, such shifts would have radical impacts on understandings of health, embodiment, and personhood. Questions remain concerning the cost and accessibility of nanomedicine and also about the consequences of diagnostics based on risk propensity or that lack a cure.

medicine

Medicine, the practice concerned with the maintenance of health and the prevention, alleviation, or cure of disease. The

nanotechnology

Nanotechnology, the manipulation and manufacture of materials and devices on the scale of atoms or small groups of atoms. The nanoscale is typically measured in nanometres, or billionths of a metre (nanos, the Greek word for dwarf, being the source of the prefix), and materials built at this scale often

disease

Disease, any harmful deviation from the normal structural or functional state of an organism, generally associated with certain signs and symptoms and differing in nature from physical injury. A diseased organism commonly exhibits signs or symptoms indicative of its abnormal state. Thus, the normal condition of an organism must be

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17.8 Commentary on Hurdles in Clinical Translation of Various Nanotechnology Products

Research regarding nanoconstructs development in the cancer treatment field has witnessed a noticeable increase after discovery of the EPR effect. However, the number of anticancer drugs that actually reached the market was considered extremely low, as out of 200,000 anticancer drugs only 15 made it by 2017 (Greish et al., 2018). The reasons why most of the nanomedicines cannot even reach the market are the hardship or inability to maintain detailed characterization of these products, unsuccessful manufacturing on large scales, and issues in their safety and efficacy. These hurdles require many developmental processes to overcome them including a precise understanding of every component and all the possible interactions between them, determination of key characteristics to understand in which possible ways they affect performance, and the extent of it. If key characteristics can be replicated under manufacturing conditions (scaling up), the efficacy of targeting at the site of action and their stability and sterility can be enhanced and/or assessed (Desai, 2012). The majority of these hurdles are summarized in Table 17.5 (Tinkle et al., 2014).

Table 17.5. Major Hurdles That Face the Commercialization of Nanomedicine

Lack of standard nano nomenclature: imprecise definition for nanomedicines

Currently used compounds/components for nanodrug synthesis often pose problems for large-scale good manufacturing (cGMP) production

Lack of precise control over nanoparticle manufacturing parameters and control assays

Lack of quality control: issues pertaining to separation of undesired nanostructures (byproducts, catalysts, starting materials) during manufacturing

Reproducibility issues: control of particle size distribution and mass

Scalability complexities: enhancing the production rate to increase yield

High fabrication costs

Lack of rational preclinical characterization strategies via multiple techniques

Biocompatibility, biodistribution and toxicity issues: lack of knowledge regarding the interaction between nanoparticles and biosurfaces/tissues

Consumer confidence: the publics general reluctance to embrace innovative medical technologies without clearer safety or regulatory guidelines

The relative scarcity of venture funds

Ethical issues and societal issues are hyped up by the media

Big Pharmas continued reluctance to seriously invest in nanomedicine

Patent review delays, patent thickets, and issuance of invalid patents by the US Patent and Trademark Office

Regulatory uncertainty and confusion due to baby steps undertaken by US Food and Drug Administration: a lack of clear regulatory/safety guidelines

One of the major concerns related to NPs is their potential incompatibility and toxicity. Studies showed that inhaling NPs can cause pulmonary inflammation as well as inducing endothelial dysfunction that might lead to further complications in the cardiovascular system. A study for evaluation of iron oxide toxicity showed that monocyte-mediated dissolution and phagocytosis of the NPs have caused severe endothelial toxicity by initiating oxidative stress. Nanomaterials used in oral DDS have been shown to accumulate in hepatic cells, which might induce the immune response and eventually cause permanent damage to the liver. The accumulation of NPs in cells has been found to cause cancer by transforming cells into the tumorous state (Jain et al., 2018; Riehemann et al., 2009). Thus, handling these nanosystems requires special equipment and caution, which increases the cost of the production process and requires further investigations of the safety of nanomaterials to have a better understanding and optimize safety during manufacturing (Hammed et al., 2016). Production of NPs in the laboratory often requires complex, multistep synthesis processes to yield the nanomaterials with the required properties. Aside from the complexity of the process, controlling conditions such as temperature and concentrations precisely is significant to achieve homogeneity of NPs in terms of desired characteristics. However, retaining temperature and concentration in large systems is harder to achieve resulting in NPs with different characteristics (Gomez et al., 2014).

NPs tend to aggregate forming clusters with several microns in size. Aggregation of NPs alters their characteristics such as reactivity, transport, toxicity, and risk in the environment. Dissolution reduces when aggregation occurs due to the decrease in available surface area that will eventually reduce the activity of NPs. For example, dechlorination rate of CT (carbon tetrachloride) by magnetite NPs has shown to decrease when aggregation of the NPs increases resulting in an inverse relationship between dechlorination rate of carbon tetrachloride and aggregation of magnetite NPs (Hotze et al., 2010; Hou and Jafvert, 2009).

All these requirements are extremely important because the majority of the nanomedicines have failed to reach the commercialization step even though their efficacy in animal models was considerably high. Due consideration must be given regarding the several difficulties such as their low targeting, low safety, low efficacy, heterogeneity of disease between individuals, inability to scale-up successfully, and unavailability in determining a convenient characterization methods (Agrahari and Agrahari, 2018; Hare et al., 2017; Kaur et al., 2014). These hurdles that face the research process of accelerated translation are summarized in Fig. 17.8 (Satalkar et al., 2016).

Figure 17.8. Major issues that face accelerated translation process of nanoparticles.

Therefore, more understanding in all aspects of nanomedicine production, characterization, and clinical processes must be fulfilled to control and improve the development processes, and increase the efficacy of the translational methods. Other significant hurdles hindering clinical translation are the insignificant incentives regarding technology transfer, as well as socioeconomic uncertainties along with the safety problems faced. In the majority of cases, consideration of commercialization aspects in early stages of development is hardly even considered thus eliminating the market-oriented development (Rsslein et al., 2017).

Nanomedicines face tough, challenging concerns when it comes to determining the applicable analytical tests in terms of chemical, physical, or biological characterization. This is mainly achieved due to their complex nature in comparison with other pharmaceutical products. Hence, there is a need for more complex and advanced levels of testing to ensure a full accurate characterization of nanomedicine products. Quantification of each component of nanomedicine is considered essential alongside the identification and evaluation of interactions between them. For more possibility in achieving successful manufacturing processes with reproducibility, these products should be investigated and understood more during the early developmental stages to identify their key characteristics. The challenges for nanomedicine during scale-up and manufacturing are considered relatively unique because other pharmaceutical manufacturing processes systems are not three-dimensional multicomponent in nature on the nanometer scale. Therefore, a certain series of obstacles in the scale-up process is required. To reach the desired safety, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters to produce the therapeutic effect are needed. These are further determined by the proper selections of the essential components, determination of the critical manufacturing steps, and key characteristics identification. Several methods of orthogonal analysis are essential for in-process quality controls of nanoparticle products and any deviations from key parameters could result in a significant negative impact on both the safety and efficacy of nanomedicines (Desai, 2012).

Each step in the manufacturing process of NPs must be understood extensively with the need of experienced technicians. The development process also requires more enhancements in both complexity and cost. Inadequate data regarding scaling-up processes of nanomedicine products is a major concern in the commercialization step as there are only a few reports supporting scaling-up developments. Many formulation methods have been developed for manufacturing nanomedicine products. The most common methods are nanoprecipitation and emulsion-based approaches. Generally, formulations are prepared either by precipitating the dissolved molecules (bottom-up method) or by reducing the size of larger drug particles (top-down method). Removal of the solvent in the bottom-up method is not an easy process and it cannot be controlled well either, thus explaining why this method is less often applied in industrial manufacturing (Agrahari and Agrahari, 2018; Vauthier and Bouchemal, 2009). Investments in innovative projects face several issues with the major one being the knowledge that should be obtained from the innovation. Its confidentiality is easily breached when a company uses that knowledge as it cannot prevent other companies from using it. Thus, investors are not attracted to this type of project because the total return on the investment cannot be easily appropriated (Morigi et al., 2012).

The complexities in formulating nanoproducts on large scales are due to the inability of optimization of formulation processes and achieving reproducibility. Whereas formulation steps including size reduction, homogenization, centrifugation, sonication, solvent evaporation, lyophilization, extrusion, and sterilization can be easily optimized on small-scales, its still a challenging process on large-scales. Accordingly, variations between batches cannot be controlled sufficiently thereby limiting the possibility of nanomedicine to get through commercial translation (Anselmo et al., 2017; Desai, 2012).

Another problem is that even slight changes in either the formulation or the manufacturing process can have a significant effect on the nanomedicine physiochemical properties (crystallinity, size, surface charge, release profile), which will ultimately influence the therapeutic outcome. Most of the pharmaceutical industrial facilities cannot manufacture nanomedicines because of the lack of the right equipment for the process. As nanomedicine manufacturing usually involves the use of organic solvents, the ability to correctly process and handle nanoproducts is crucial to control their safety and sterility (Anselmo et al., 2017; Desai, 2012; Kaur et al., 2014). These steps require an expensive and complicated equipment, well-trained staff, and precise control to get the required product in the right quality (Desai, 2012; Kaur et al., 2014; Ragelle et al., 2017).

To date, only 58 nanoformulations are approved based on their clinical efficacy but only a quarter of them are meant for cancer treatment. Majority of the nanoformulations could not even be reproduced successfully due to several factors including the study design, overall analysis, protocols, data collection, and the quality and purity of materials used. Besides, the poor establishment of the correlation and prediction of safety and efficacy of the nanomedicine on patients hinders the successful DDS. Targeting and drug accumulation of anticancer drugs in the site of action is considered relatively poor in mouse models. Many nanoformulations were faced with failure in different clinical trial phases. Some of them got approved but then withdrawn from the market such as peginesatide. Unfortunately, the increased failures will most probably affect the development movement in the pharmaceutical industry (Greish et al., 2018).

At the present time, regulatory agencies such as the FDA and EMEA are examining every new nanomedicine on a product-by-product basis. They are considered a unique category due to the fact that there are no true standards in their examination process (Desai, 2012). Two of the major regulatory issues that emerged at the start of nanomedicine is the lack of scientific experts in the FDA and the difficulty in classifying the product (Morigi et al., 2012). The unique characteristics of nanomedicines are directly related to their regulation hurdles, which is the same as other pharmaceutical systems such as liposomes and polymeric systems (Sainz et al., 2015).

Researchers keep investigating nanomedicines when attached to prodrugs, drugs, tracking entities, and targeting molecules. Development of robust methods and assays in quality control of nanomedicines are required for more effective monitoring and characterizations. Also, estimation of their overall performance in releasing drugs, binding to proteins, and the specificity in cellular uptake must be considered (Sainz et al., 2015; Tinkle et al., 2014).

Nanomedicine products are both complex and diverse requiring explanation of challenges to have a clear definition and an effective regulation. The lack of regulatory guidelines for these products hinders their clinical potential. Drug regulatory authorities must keep up with the rapid pace of the knowledge and technological development as they play a major role translating nanomedicines towards the market. The European Medicines Agency (EMEA) and the FDA have different requirements in evaluating new nanomedicines as well as different definitions regarding nanomedicine. Agreeing on specific regulatory procedures internationally is very important to ease the translational researches of nanomedicines. Also, better long-term monitoring of toxicity should be achieved by prolonging postmarketing surveillance especially for a patient with chronic diseases (Sainz et al., 2015; Tinkle et al., 2014).

Nanomedicines just like any other pharmaceutical formulations must offer higher value to patients to become commercially successful, and have better efficacy and safety. New nanomedicine products follow the same steps in clinical trials as other drugs. It starts with preclinical tests, then be submitted to get the IND (investigational new drug) approval and following that it enters the three stages of clinical trials, one after another to evaluate safety and efficacy of the new drug (Agrahari and Agrahari, 2018).

In recent years, toxicities caused by nanomedicines have drawn attention and been recognized to be unique to nanoparticulate systems. Hence, a minimum set of measurements for the nanoparticle like surface charge, size, and solubility are monitored so as to predict the possible toxicity of NPs. Besides, NPs can stimulate the immune system by acting as an antigen. Immunogenicity is mainly affected by the size of the nanoparticle, its surface characteristics, hydrophobicity, charge, and solubility. Hematologic safety concerns have also been observed such as hemolysis and thrombogenicity (Desai, 2012).

In vivo and in vitro studies provide the proper characterization of the interactions between the product and the biological system. The problem is that the data attained from current toxicity tests are not from clinical trials and it cannot always be extrapolated to humans. Monolayers of cell cultures are currently used to characterize immunogenicity, drug release, cellular uptake, and toxicity. However, the cellular uptake process of nanoformulations is majorly influenced by physicochemical characteristics. Thus, 3D cell systems will probably provide better outcomes (Gupta et al., 2016). More caution should be given when handling any nanosized powder due to the ability of such particles to penetrate the skin and because it can also show pulmonary toxicity (Agrahari and Hiremath, 2017; Nel et al., 2006).

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