Fed, oil and record hash rate: 5 things to know in Bitcoin this week – Cointelegraph

Bitcoin (BTC) starts a new week in uncertain territory as $10,000 stays in place but fundamentals shift to bullish.

Cointelegraph highlights five things that could shape BTC price action in the coming days.

In what will likely become a frequently-quoted announcement, oil giant BP said this weekend that the world has hit peak demand for the black gold.

In a report quoted by Bloomberg, BP said that demand for oil would stay broadly flat for the next twenty years, with pressure coming from alternative fuels and coronavirus.

It subsequently recovers but never back to pre-Covid levels, Spencer Dale, the firms chief economist said.

It brings forward the point at which oil demand peaks to 2019.

Macro asset year-to-date returns. Source: Skew

The startling admission is yet another surprise to come out of the global economy, at the same time as central banks admit that unconventional monetary policy has become the norm in 2020.

With coronavirus at the helm and lockdown returning to at least one country on Monday, Bitcoin looks poised to benefit from oil and fiat currency weakness, as before.

As Cointelegraph reported, previous extreme volatility in the price of certain oil assets allowed BTC to shine as a hedge against losses.

Another week, another meeting for the United States Federal Reserve and a chance for safe havens to capitalize on its policy shifts.

On Wednesday, the Fed will outline how it plans to implement economic measures which will impact inflation something which previously sparked dollar weakness.

Maintaining a policy status quo in this context would be akin to throwing in a towel, which would undermine the credibility of the new framework right out of the gate, Aneta Markowska, chief financial economist at Jefferies told MarketWatch on Monday.

Any actions from the Fed could weigh on the U.S. dollar currency index (DXY) once again, something to which Bitcoin has shown significant inverse correlation since July.

Gold markets are already considering the likelihood of a shake-up, analysts say, betting on the Fed putting itself in an increasingly difficult position. The precious metal has formed a golden triangle and is ripe for a breakout.

For Bitcoin, its all about DXY a reversal of recent strength at the beginning of September would be a clear bull signal. Conversely, continued gains would likely keep selling pressure at $10,500 intact.

DXY 2-month chart. Source: TradingView

The coronavirus crisis is many times more destructive than the financial crisis of 2008, Steve Barrow, head of forex strategy at Standard Bank, meanwhile summarized to Bloomberg.

Theres every reason to believe that the move to tighter monetary policy will take as long - and probably much longer -- than the post-financial-crisis period.

In terms of central bank policy specifically, this year is seeing a seismic change similar to oil demand.

With Bitcoin as an antidote to central bank meddling with the money supply, any further devaluation in fiat is only to be welcomed by BTC proponents looking for a safety net.

Global central bankers are discovering that monetary policies they once viewed as unconventional and temporary are now proving to be conventional and long-lasting, Bloomberg summarized about the situation worldwide.

According to data from the publication, major central banks are employing crisis policies in 2020 that they have never used before.

As RT host Max Keiser often comments on his show, The Keiser Report, nothing is as permanent as temporary fiscal policy from a central bank.

Within Bitcoin, however, the future looks decidedly rosy. Hash rate a measure of how much computing power miners have decided to dedicate to validating transactions has broken out to hit yet another all-time high.

On Monday, data from Blockchain shows, the seven-day average hash rate stood at 135 exahashes per second (EH/s).

Bitcoin 7-day average hash rate 2-month chart. Source: Blockchain

Hash rate strength underscores miners continued faith in Bitcoins long-term profitability. Difficulty, perhaps the most essential measure of blockchain health, is set for a 5.4% increase this week something which will send it, too, to record highs.

Commenting on the general situation, Cointelegraph Markets analyst Michal van de Poppe suggested that zooming out was all that was needed for a bullish take on Bitcoin.

If you'd like to compare periods and market cycles, the current state of the market is comparable to 2016, he tweeted on Monday.

Slow upwards grind, with long sideways consolidation periods. In 2016, several were seen. In 2020, 2021, it's likely we'll see that too. Bullish.

Cryptocurrency commentators are also eyeing moves by stablecoin Tether (USDT) as a pointer for BTC price trajectory.

Specifically, Tethers burgeoning market cap, passing $15 billion in recent days, has historically spurred Bitcoin gains.

Bitcoin tether printer divergence. This story always seems to end the same way, analyst Cole Garner tweeted, highlighting how previous increases in the USDT supply positively impacted Bitcoin.

As Cointelegraph previously reported, stablecoin holders, including those of USDT, appeared keen to snap up cheap BTC at prices around $10,000.

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Fed, oil and record hash rate: 5 things to know in Bitcoin this week - Cointelegraph

Glen Oaks Escrow Announces It Assisted With Yet Another Bitcoin Transaction – PRNewswire

ENCINITAS, Calif., Sept. 16, 2020 /PRNewswire/ --Glen Oaks Escrow, one of Southern California's largest independent escrow companies, recently announced that it closed its second Bitcoin transaction.

The organization shared that the homebuyer contacted the Glen Oaks Escrow office in San Diego to inquire about using Bitcoin after hearing about previous Bitcoin transactions that were administered within the organization.

"We're thrilled that our organization has closed another transaction with Bitcoin. We made the decision in 2018 to start accepting Bitcoin payments, and we are glad that we did, given that consumers see the value and are taking advantage of this payment method. This transaction exemplifies that, while a young technology in our industry, blockchain, and cryptocurrencies have the potential to become a bigger part of real estate transactions. And, given the current economic climate, some experts are predicting that real estate, gold, and Bitcoin will perform strongly over the long-term. We look forward to being there for our clients and are very proud to be at the forefront to enable transactions in this way," shared Joe Curtis, COO of Glen Oaks Escrow.

Glen Oaks Escrow accepts Bitcoin payments through BitPay, which acts as the payment processor in the transaction and is used to verify the funds. The escrow company then sends out an invoice to the buyer, similar to wire instructions in a fiat currency transaction.

The buyer then has a fixed window of time to remit payment using Bitcoin or another accepted cryptocurrency. The funds go to escrow through BitPay, which converts the Bitcoin into cash and wires US Dollars into the escrow account. In summary, BitPay takes the Bitcoin and converts it to cash for the seller, so the seller never actually sees the Bitcoin payment, just the cash.

"While some people and companies are still trying to understand how cryptocurrencies fit into the real estate industry, we continue to see the growth of usage in other markets. From Crypto Startup Schoolsto large banks getting involved with cryptocurrencies, we are confident that this new way of doing business will increase in our industry. We're proud to be paving the way for this technology," explained Curtis.

About Glen Oaks Escrow

Glen Oaks Escrow is part of the Pango Group, a family of companies that include American Trust Escrow, CV Escrow, Escrow Trust Advisors, AV Escrow, VOI Insurance Solutions, and Document Archive Solutions.

Pango Group has been one of the leading independent escrow resources in California for over 20 years with locations from Los Angeles to Orange County to the Coachella Valley and San Diego and owns and manages over 30 offices and 300 employees.

The company's mission of running exceptional real estate service businesses that enhance the lives of the people, partners, and communities we serve has been an integral part of its success. It was recently named one of the Best Places to Work for the 5th year in a row in Los Angeles.

CONTACT:Lucia Asbury(760) 697-9146[emailprotected]

SOURCE Glen Oaks Escrow

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Glen Oaks Escrow Announces It Assisted With Yet Another Bitcoin Transaction - PRNewswire

India’s Crypto Bill Omitted From Parliament Agenda While New Ban Report Appears – Bitcoin News

Despite much anticipation, the Indian cryptocurrency bill is not included in the list of bills to be introduced in the current session of parliament. Meanwhile, a new report of Indias government planning to ban cryptocurrency trading has emerged.

The Indian government has been deliberating on how it will treat cryptocurrencies in the country after a draft crypto bill was submitted by an interministerial committee headed by former Finance Secretary Subhash Chandra Garg last year.

The government originally said that it planned to introduce this bill in the Winter session of parliament last year. When that did not happen, there were reports suggesting that the crypto bill could be introduced in the Monsoon session, which started Monday and will continue through Oct. 1.

Tanvi Ratna, CEO of blockchain policy and regulatory advisory firm Policy 4.0, explained on Twitter Sunday that the Monsoon session of parliament was disrupted due to the covid-19 pandemic, adding:

Cryptocurrency ban legislation does not appear in the list of 45+ bills on the agenda for the 18-day session. This is big news, though this could change & there are other routes for govt.

The Indian government has not made any announcement regarding its plans for cryptocurrency, which has led to rumors and speculation. Several reports indicate that the government is planning to ban cryptocurrencies as outlined in the draft bill submitted by the Garg committee.

The latest crypto ban news was published by Bloomberg on Tuesday. The publication claims that India is planning to introduce law to ban cryptocurrency trading. Citing people familiar with the development who asked not to be identified, citing rules on speaking with the media, the publication wrote:

The bill is expected to be discussed shortly by the federal cabinet before it is sent to parliament.

The federal government will encourage blockchain, the technology underlying cryptocurrencies, but is not keen on cryptocurrency trading, according to two people, the news outlet added.

Since this is not the first time the Indian crypto community has had to deal with ban rumors, many people on Twitter were quick to point out that the sources of the news are anonymous, and previous ban rumors never materialized.

Blockchain lawyer Varun Sethi commented: Words like federal cabinet suggest its inspired from some western country. In India, we generally use central government. Also, no sources or quotes raise doubts.

Furthermore, Crypto Kanoon co-founder Mohammed Danish previously explained that if the Indian government decides to pass a law to ban cryptocurrency in some ways, this law can be challenged by crypto business, traders, or enthusiasts based on various rights available to them under the Constitution.

Despite multiple ban reports, the cryptocurrency community in India firmly believes that the government will not impose a full ban on cryptocurrencies since much has happened since the Garg committees bill was drafted.

Earlier this month, Begin India Think Tank founder Deepak Kapoor explained that bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies could have the same legal status as stocks. In July, Garg himself said that Crypto assets as commodities should be allowed, even though he stood by his recommendation that cryptocurrencies should be outlawed. He has since retired from government service.

Do you think India will ban or regulate cryptocurrency? Let us know in the comments section below.

Image Credits: Shutterstock, Pixabay, Wiki Commons

Disclaimer: This article is for informational purposes only. It is not a direct offer or solicitation of an offer to buy or sell, or a recommendation or endorsement of any products, services, or companies. Bitcoin.com does not provide investment, tax, legal, or accounting advice. Neither the company nor the author is responsible, directly or indirectly, for any damage or loss caused or alleged to be caused by or in connection with the use of or reliance on any content, goods or services mentioned in this article.

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India's Crypto Bill Omitted From Parliament Agenda While New Ban Report Appears - Bitcoin News

The Extraordinary BIPOC Coalition Support Measure 110 – The Skanner

This time of crisis has thrown a bright light on systemic injustice, especially the criminal justice systems disproportionate impact on Black, Indigenous and other people of color.

One area where this inequity is especially dramatic is with the failed War On Drugs, which offers people suffering from addiction a criminal record instead of treatment, ruining lives and wasting money.

Black, Indigenous and LGBTQ people are disproportionately harmed, arrested and punished at much higher rates, despite no significant disparity in use, and have unequal access to drug addiction treatment and recovery services.

This November, Oregonians will have a chance to reduce these disparities by voting yes on Measure 110, which would establish a more humane, equitable and effective approach to helping people struggling with addiction, shifting from a system of criminalization to approaching addiction as the healthcare issue it is.

Thats why an extraordinary coalition of more than 110 organizations have come out in support of Measure 110, including more than 30 racial and social justice organizations, such as the Coalition of Communities of Color, NAACP Portland, the Confederated Tribes of the Grand Ronde, Hacienda CDC, Asian Pacific American Network of Oregon (APANO), Causa, NAACP Eugene-Springfield, Centro Latino Americano, Pineros y Campesinos Unidos del Noroeste (PCUN), Latino Network, Rural Organizing Project, Basic Rights Oregon, Next Up, the Oregon Latino Health Coalition, and many more. Rarely have social justice organizations been so united behind a ballot measure.

In addition, Measure 110 has earned endorsements from medical and public safety organizations from all parts of the state, including the American College of Physicians, the Oregon Nurses Association, the Oregon School Psychologists Association, the Law Enforcement Action Partnership, the Partnership for Safety and Justice, the Crime Victims Rights Alliance, and the Academy of Family Physicians Oregon Chapter..

The reasons we support Measure 110 are many:

Of course, deep, structural moves towards justice always draw opposition from the forces of the status quo, who will use the tired tactics of trying to divide our communities and scare people into saying no to needed change. But the incredible and growing coalition supporting Measure 110 shows that the time has come to turn to a new and better chapter of the Oregon story.

We hope you will join us in winning a victory for justice, saving lives, saving families, and a more humane, equitable and effective approach to drug addiction in Oregon.

Rev. E.D. Mondain is the President of the Portland NAACP. Donell Morgan is the Executive Director of Elevate Oregon. Antionette Edwards is the retired Director of the Portland Youth Violence Prevention Task Force.

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The Extraordinary BIPOC Coalition Support Measure 110 - The Skanner

Analysis on ‘drug war’ deaths that PCOO rejected is from data that PCOO released Human Rights Watch – Philippine Star

Analysis on 'drug war' deaths that PCOO rejected is from data that PCOO released Human Rights Watch

MANILA, Philippines Rights watchdog Human Rights Watch on Thursday night stressed that its figures on 'drug war' killings that the Palace has disputed are from government sources.

HRW Deputy Asia Director Phil Robertson issued the statement after Presidential Communications Secretary Martin Andanar dismissed the assertion that drug-related killings went up by 50% during the pandemic as having "weak methodological anchor and severely falsifies realities in the country."

Andanar said HRW should get better data.

But, Robertson pointed out on Thursday, "the analysis is based on the official government figures published by #RealNumbersPH, which is issued by the Presidential Communications Operations Office based on figures coming from different government agencies involved in the 'war on drugs,' mainly the Philippine National Police and the Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency."

In a September 8 dispatch, HRW said that it had found that 155 people were killed in the past four months against 103 people killed from December 2019 to March 2020. The difference between 155 and 103 is 52, which is 50.49% of 103.

"It was not hard to find this information," Robertson said Thursday.

"The number of fatalities in these ostensible drug enforcement raids, in which the police routinely claimed that the victims fought back, jumped dramatically from the 26 deaths recorded by the PDEA in five months from July to November 2019," HRW also said in its September 8 dispatch.

"Instead of playing its usual silly 'shoot the messenger' game by attacking critics, and trying to introduce distracting arguments, we advise the PCOO and the PNP chief General Camilo Cascolan to look at their own numbers again. Human Rights Watch did not introduce any new figures in the dispatch. Everything in it was based on #RealNumbersPH," Robertson said, adding the 50-percent estimate is low.

He said that the average monthly deaths recorded by #RealNumberPH from April to July is at 38 people, lower than figures that he said Cascolan gave the congressional Commission on Appointments on September 10.

"Gen. Cascolan stated that in those eight months, 623 people died during police operations. That's an average of 77 deaths per month," he said.

In response to HRW's September 8 dispatch, Andanar stressed that killings are not state policy and that "internal accountability mechanisms within our law enforcement agencies, such as the Philippine National Police, are in place to ensure that wrongful actions by law enforcers are addressed."

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Analysis on 'drug war' deaths that PCOO rejected is from data that PCOO released Human Rights Watch - Philippine Star

Peterson: To HELLTRACK and back | VailDaily.com – Vail Daily News

A global pandemic. Apocalyptic wildfires.

Where to escape from it all? For me, Ive been traveling to the 80s during the strangest year of my life.

Life there just makes more sense. Which is weird because, if you really think about it, not a whole lot made sense in the 80s.

In Footloose, for instance, how is it that in a town where public dancing is illegal, all the seniors at Bomont High are secretly professional-caliber dancers who somehow break into precise choreography the first time theyre allowed to have a senior prom?

Equally confusing: Does anyone really believe that a small high school in a farming town like Bomont, Oklahoma, would have a mens gymnastics team? Not to mention the fact that when Ren McCormack gets kicked off the team for having drugs planted on him, hes ridiculed for it. Id think, in a place like Bomont, being on the gymnastics team would be grounds for getting your ass kicked. (That, and having a haircut like Kevin Bacons.)

I could go on for days with this stuff. In The Karate Kid, are we really supposed to believe that Elisabeth Shue would go for Ralph Macchio? Or in the Rocky franchise, that Sylvester Stallone, all of 5-foot-9 (sorry, Sly, you aint 5-10) and 185 pounds couldve beaten Carl Weathers (6-2, 220), Mr. T (5-10, 231) or freakin Dolph Lundren (6-5, 243)? Or that he wouldve even been a heavyweight? How did Michael Keaton get picked to play Batman? Does anyone know what the hell is going on in Purple Rain? And did people really think that we could win the War on Drugs with Just Say No.

You see what I mean. Ton Loc rapped This is the 80s and Im down the ladies.

Me, I was down with G.I. Joe, Garbage Pail Kids, neon Converse Chuck Taylors, Def Leppard, Guns N Roses, and John Elway and his Three Amigos wide receivers considering I was only 9 by the time the decade ended.

I often confused Ronald McDonald for Ronald Reagan and didnt have the faintest clue about the Iran-Contra Scandal, Voodoo Economics or Gary Harts Monkey Business.

My life revolved around AYSO soccer, building tree forts in the Black Forest that backed up to our yard in Monument, weekend sleepovers and a BMX movie called RAD in all caps.

Ive found comfort these past few months going back to some of those touchstones of my youth while the world around me felt like it was descending into chaos. There was safety in the well-worn and the nostalgic. I needed endings where I already knew the outcome.

I especially needed RAD, a movie from 1986 that youve most likely never seen that was finally released in a new restored 4K version this summer after never actually being released on DVD. Diehard fans had previously been left to watch grainy YouTube clips or dig around for their old VHS tapes.

How beloved is this wacky bike movie? According to aGuardianinvestigation into 10,000 movies in the Rotten Tomatoes database, RAD yes, all caps was the film with the greatest discrepancy between critical reception and fan adulation.

There were kids like me and my older brother, all across America, who literally sought this movie out anytime they hit the local video store. RAD was always the first pick for a Friday night sleepover over The Goonies, Adventures in Babysitting, Top Gun, Karate Kid, Bill and Teds Excellent Adventure, you name it.

Kids like us literally watched those VHS tapes until they broke.

I still dont quite understand why, but its probably because RAD was peak 80s. Its like the director, Hal Needham, who was Burt Reynolds old stuntman and who Brad Pitts character in Once Upon a Time in Hollywood was based on, took all the best parts of classic 80s movies, threw them in a blender, and soundtracked all the action to soaring, goofy power ballads performed by John Farnham.

You know John Farnham, right? Probably not unless youre Australian.

Ray Walton, better known as Mr. Hand, is in RAD. So is Jack Weston, who played the creepy resort owner in Dirty Dancing. So are Talia Shire (Yo, Adrian!) and a young Lori Loughlin (pre-Aunt Becky fame and college admission scandal infamy), along with Olympic gymnast Bart Conner who, to this day, says hes more recognized for playing cocky BMX star Bart Taylor than he is for winning gold medals.

Some 34 years on, I still get amped every time I hear the opening keys to Thunder In Your Heart as local hometown kid Cru Jones (Bill Allen) races off the start line to take on the best in the world for a shot to race HELLTRACK.

My 5-year-old son watched the movie with me and hes been singing the song to himself ever since. You can probably guess the ending. Cru wins the big race, gets the girl and lives on forever in 80s glory.

Theres no big surpise ending. Which, in a year full of surprises and uncertainty, is pretty gnarly if you ask me.

Nate Peterson is the editor of the Vail Daily. Email him at npeterson@vaildaily.com

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Peterson: To HELLTRACK and back | VailDaily.com - Vail Daily News

Libertarian Party ticket to be included on ballots across all states – NorthcentralPa.com

Greenville, S.C. -- On Monday, the Libertarian Party received confirmation that the campaign of Dr. Jo Jorgensen for president and Jeremy "Spike" Cohen for vice president has met all states' ballot-access requirements, according to party chair Joseph Bishop-Henchman. Because of this qualification, the Libertarian ticket will officially be on all 50 states' ballots, plus the ballot of the District of Columbia.

This is the fifth time that the Libertarian Party has succeeded in placing its presidential ticket on the ballot in every state, having done so in 1980, 1992, 1996, and 2016. No other alternative party has achieved universal ballot access in over 20 years.

The Libertarian Party had already earned ballot status in 35 states plus Washington, D.C. for this election based on the party's size and performance in past elections. In the remaining states, Libertarian candidates collected petition signatures from registered voters to be placed on ballots. Provisions vary between states, but only alternative parties such as the Libertarian and Green parties are required to petition for ballot access.

The challenge of collecting a sufficient amount of signatures increased as governors issued stay-at-home orders to try and mitigate the spread of COVID-19.

Dr. Jorgensen and Cohen campaigned in Pennsylvania and other key states to aid in collecting signatures. Speaking to supporters outside the State Board of Elections in Annapolis, Maryland, where Libertarians submitted their final signatures, Dr. Jorgensen remarked on the importance of ballot access:

Weve got two big-government candidates, and they both want to increase spending, they both want to take away your decision-making power, and neither one wants to bring the troops home. The only way to give every American another choice is for Libertarians to be on the ballot in all fifty states.

The Libertarian Party platform advocates for free-market healthcare, a foreign policy of non-intervention, and an end to the War on Drugs.

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Libertarian Party ticket to be included on ballots across all states - NorthcentralPa.com

How Mass Incarceration Was Built in the United States And How We Can Undo It – Jacobin magazine

Certainly. The reality of the rise of crime, beginning in the late 60s and continuing through the 70s and 80s, is something that we emphasize against a typical reluctance in leftist and liberal work on this phenomena to acknowledge crime. I mean, the standard story about the War on Drugs is really about an invention of crime. According to this story, new laws are criminalizing activities that wouldnt otherwise lead to a prison sentence. Thus, all we need to do is change these laws, and we can get rid of the problem: we can address mass incarceration simply by releasing all these people who clearly shouldnt be in prison anyway.

Of course, in our view, most people shouldnt be in prison. Were not supporters of incarceration as a strategy for addressing crime. But what we do want to say is that the real rise in crime reflected a broader social crisis that America was facing in the 70s and 80s. Denying that context by emphasizing the drug war as this state-manufactured intervention is, in our view, to miss the fundamental story. Between 1960 and 1980, homicide rates doubled in America, property crime rates increased about threefold, and violent crime increased about fivefold. That major crime wave, which we think is unmistakable in the historical evidence, is played down by many liberal and progressive commentators, in part, I think, because they assume that acknowledging the reality of crime is to somehow play the blame game, to blame individuals rather than the system.

We want to push back strongly against this assumption. For us, crime is an index of oppression. To deny the reality of crime is tantamount to denying the reality of the causes of crime, which are, in our view, poverty, inequality, social vulnerability, and exploitation. The Left should not be in a position of denying such things.

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How Mass Incarceration Was Built in the United States And How We Can Undo It - Jacobin magazine

Why are we persecuting Rhea Chakraborty when Demands for Legalisation of Cannabis are Growing? – The Leaflet

The investigation into the death of actor Sushant Singh Rajput has revealed evidence of usage of marijuana by him and his girlfriend Rhea Chakraborty, who has been arrested for the same. Cannabis or marijuana is a native Indian plant that finds place in Indian culture. Tracing the history of war on drugs, VRINDA SINGH OBEROIwrites on the legal dichotomy between criminalisation of marijuana and legalisation of bhaang by the Indian state.

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THE drug angle in Rhea Chakraborty- Sushant Singh Rajput case has generated enough conversation in the country on the use, consumption and possession of our native plant Cannabis Sativa.

All over the world, cannabis is being talked about for its benefits in alleviating pain and suffering from cancer patients to depression patients alike. The United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime says 3.2% of India uses cannabis.

In 2018, the Central Council For Research in Ayurvedic Sciences (CCRAS), a research body under the Ministry of AYUSH, announced that it had found use of cannabis as a restorative drug for cancer patients. A 2019 study conducted by the All India Institute of Medical Sciences reported that 7.2 million Indians have consumed cannabis within the last two years.

India has seen its fair share of calls for legalisation of cannabis.

Starting in 2015, we have seen proposals and all from politicians putting forth proposals to cultivate, process and consume legalised marijuana in India.

In March 2015, Lok Sabha MP Tathagat Satpathy started a Reddit Ask Me Anything platform and first criticized the ban on cannabis as elitist and as an Indian overreaction to the scare created in the world by the United States of America.

We as a nation are imprisoning our intellectuals, activists and youth. We are losing our collective consciousness and ourselves; something bhaang purportedly helps with.

In 2016, Lok Sabha MP Dharmvir Gandhi tabled a Private Members Bill for legalised supply of opium, marijuana that sought to amend the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act, 1985 (NDPS Act).

Again in 2016, Romesh Bhattacharji, former Commissioner of Central Bureau of Narcotics- the same agency that is behind Rhea Chakarvortys arrest- said, This needs to be debated in the face of such stiff ignorance which often takes root in the moral high grounds people take after being influenced by the UN conventions. This law [NDPS Act] has been victimizing people since 1985.

(Credit: Soumyadeep Paul, Source: Creative Common)

The Cannabis plant is indigenous to the Indian subcontinent. Like Homo Sapiens were to Africa, Marijuana is to India. Its first uses have been found to date back to 2000 BCE. The ancient plant finds mention in the Rigveda (c. 17001100 BCE), Atharvaveda (c. 15001000 BC), and is used in many medical preparations in Sushruta Samhita (c. 600 BCE). India traded it with Central Asia, from where it moved to Europe and finally made its way to the Americas.

The British made multiple attempts- in 1838, 1871, and 1877- to criminalize and tax cannabis in British India. The prime reason for this was the commercial aspect linked to taxation of cotton as cannabis-hemp can be processed to make a more durable fabric.

Back in 1961, the International Treaty Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs classed cannabis with hard drugs. Proud of its culture and history, the Indian delegation opposed it on the basis of intolerance to the social and religious customs of India. As a compromise, the Indian Government promised to limit the export of Indian hemp.

The final draft of the treaty defined cannabis as the flowering or fruiting tops of the cannabis plant (excluding the seeds and leaves when not accompanied by the tops) from which the resin has not been extracted, by whatever name they may be designated.

This kept Bhaang out of the legal definition of Cannabis and paved the way for its sale, often at government shops, and consumption in many states across India. We won a battle of semantics since there is no chemical distinction between bhaang, marijuana, weed, ganja, or charas.

The cannabis plant has two chemicals that are often time discussed. They are Cannabidiol (CBD) and Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC).

So the government banned the recreational use of weed but allowed its use for customary and religious practices. Therefore, as long as we call it bhaang, and not weed, hash, charas, or ganja, we are on the safe side of the law.

Both CBD and THC have the exact same molecular structure: 21 carbon atoms, 30 hydrogen atoms, and 2 oxygen atoms. However, despite their similar chemical structures, CBD and THC dont have the same psychoactive effects. CBD is psychoactive, just not in the same manner as THC. In fact, CBD has been shown to help with anxiety, depression, and seizures.

Bhaang has both THC and CBD as active components.

So the government banned the recreational use of weed but allowed its use for customary and religious practices. Therefore, as long as we call it bhaang, and not weed, hash, charas, or ganja, we are on the safe side of the law.

Thereby, the law, in theory, agrees with the implicit benefits of having an altered state of consciousness, but while pacifying its now internalized Victorian morality that has unquestionably become a part of the sub-continental identity.

The War on Drugs began in June 1971, when U.S. Pres. Richard Nixon declared drug abuse as public enemy number one. He increased federal funding for drug-control agencies and drug-treatment efforts. Then came President Ronald Regan, who kicked into high gear a campaign for a worldwide law against drugs.

Notably, the war on drugs has now become synonymous with a war on African Americans and other marginalized communities.

The Act keeps Bhaang out of the purview of the law. The NDPS Act does not outlaw cannabis but allows the cultivation of cannabis for industrial purposes and for horticultural uses.

In 1985, Rajiv Gandhi succumbed to the US pressure and enacted the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances (NDPS) Act as we know it today. The Times of India had criticized the act as ill-conceived and poorly thought-out since the law provided the same punishment for all drugs. The paper also argued that the Act had actually created a drugs problem where there was none.

The Act keeps Bhaang out of the purview of the law. The NDPS Act does not outlaw cannabis but allows the cultivation of cannabis for industrial purposes and for horticultural uses. The act recognizes cannabis as a source for biomass, fiber, and high-value oil. The government even encourages the research and cultivation of cannabis with low THC.

( Credit: Tom Maisey, Source: Common Creative)

The NDPS Act is central legislation while policing is a state subject. A classic slip between the cup and the lip, some states have allowed for bhang to be sold in government-licensed thekas. States like Uttar Pradesh and Rajasthan have many thekas that are very popular with tourists. Then there are states like Uttrakhand where the cultivation of marijuana is legal.

On 21 February 2017, Gujarat legalized bhang by removing it from the list of intoxicating drugs covered by Section 23 of the Gujarat Prohibition Act. Gujarats Minister of State for Home and Prohibition Pradipsinh Jadeja , explained, Bhang is consumed only as prasad of Lord Shiva. The state government has received complaints of misuse of prohibition act against those found drinking bhang. Hence, keeping in view the sentiments of the public at large, the government has decided to exempt bhang from the ambit of Gujarat Prohibition Amendment Act. Bhang is less intoxicating as compared to ganja.

This distinction may make the government feel better but is, in fact, factually incorrect. There are no grounds for the intelligible differentia that is attempted to be established.

Instead of talking about the science and history of this plant it has become a tool for national shaming and moralizing.

In Maharashtra the law is very clear, Section 66(1)(b) of the Bombay Prohibition (BP) Act, 1949, bans manufacture, possession and consumption of bhang and bhang-containing substances without a license.

Instead of talking about the science and history of this plant it has become a tool for national shaming and moralizing.

Rhea Chakrabortys arrest has shocked the people of the nation, of what we might be becoming, and pleased the powers, for how easy they find it to avert our attention from important matters.

Today our central agencies are using the very same colonial laws to colonise its very own people. Laws that were made for colonial enrichment, racial discrimination and only for oppression to discriminate are now being used against our very own.

We as a nation are imprisoning our intellectuals, activists and youth. We are losing our collective consciousness and ourselves; something bhaang purportedly helps with.

(Vrinda singh Oberoi is an ex- corporate lawyer turned chef and works in food policy. Views are personal.)

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Why are we persecuting Rhea Chakraborty when Demands for Legalisation of Cannabis are Growing? - The Leaflet

Human rights breaches in the DRC, Mozambique and the Philippines | News – EU News

Sakharov laureate Dr. Denis Mukwege The Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC)

The European Parliament is greatly concerned by the grave danger currently facing Sakharov and Nobel Peace Prize laureate Dr. Denis Mukwege and condemns the recent threats to his life, as well as those made against his family and staff members at the Panzi hospital where he works. Since July this year, Dr. Mukwege has received increasingly serious and sustained threats in response to his repeated calls to bring an end to impunity for perpetrators of sexual crimes and massacres in Kipupu, Sange and the Ituri province in the country.

MEPs commend Dr. Mukwege for his courage and his life-long commitment to fighting the use of sexual violence as a weapon of war and armed conflict. They also welcome the UN decision to reinstate security protection for him. The DRC Government must not delay in carrying out a comprehensive investigation into the threats, as promised by DRC President Flix Tshisekedi, says the text.

The full resolution, which also addresses the general human rights situation in the DRC, past and current violence, the exploration of natural resources in the country and other issues, was adopted by 654 votes in favour, 5 against and 26 abstentions. It will be available in full here. (17.09.2020)

The humanitarian situation in Mozambique

MEPs are very worried about the deteriorating security situation in northern Mozambique, in particular in the Cabo Delgado province, and express their condolences to the victims of the ongoing violence. Since October 2017, the so-called Al-Shabaab terrorist group, allegedly affiliated with the armed group calling itself Islamic State of Central Africa Province, has launched over 500 violent attacks in the area, terrorising the local population, claiming over 1 500 lives and leading to the displacement of over 250 000 people.

The resolution underlines that the current security problems further aggravate an already extremely fragile humanitarian situation deriving from high levels of underdevelopment, climate shocks and conflicts. It calls on Mozambiques authorities to take decisive action in countering the Islamist insurgence, while also reminding them of their responsibility to bring all those suspected of terrorist activity to justice through fair trials.

MEPs underline that if not stopped, the insurgency will potentially grow and spill over into neighbouring countries, threatening regional stability as seen in the Sahel and Horn of Africa.

For all the details, the full resolution, adopted by 616 votes in favour, 13 against and 57 abstentions, will be available here. (17.09.2020)

The Philippines

Parliament expresses its deepest concern at the rapidly deteriorating human rights situation in the Philippines under President Rodrigo Duterte and calls on the countrys government to implement all the recommendations outlined by the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights to address a range of serious issues, such as the widespread and systematic killings related to the authorities anti-drug campaign.

MEPs strongly denounce the thousands of extrajudicial killings and other serious human rights violations related to the so-called war on drugs. They also condemn all threats, harassment, intimidation, rape and violence against those who seek to expose allegations of extrajudicial killings and other human rights violations in the country, including human rights and environmental activists, trade unionists and journalists.

Parliament is further alarmed about the deteriorating level of press freedom in the Philippines, and condemns all threats, harassment, intimidation, unfair prosecutions, and violence against journalists, including in the case of Maria Ressa. All politically motivated charges against her and her colleagues should be dropped, says the resolution.

The text was adopted by 626 vote in favour, 7 against and 52 abstentions, and will be available in full here. (18.09.2020)

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Human rights breaches in the DRC, Mozambique and the Philippines | News - EU News

After Years of Forced Rehab, China’s Drug Users Struggle to Stay Sober – Sixth Tone

GUANGXI, South China Nong Feijun cannot remember the exact year he started using and misusing the white powder. He only recalls his friends had persuaded him to try, and he agreed to snort heroin for the first time.

Once was all it took.

Soon, the 40-year-old from Longzhou County in the southwestern Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region needed a fix every day. His friends had told him the illegal drug was cheerful and not addictive at all, but Nong only remembers feeling dizzy all day long.

Over the ensuing drug-addled years, Nong couldnt find daily-wage jobs and ended up squandering his familys meager savings on the habit, pushing them deeper into penury. In 2013, his wife left him, taking with her their 2-year-old son, and his father also died. My mother told me to stop touching that thing, but I could not quit at the time, says Nong.

For Nong alone, 1 gram of heroin cost between 200-300 yuan ($30-$45). It also meant spending 10,000 yuan every month on his addiction in a region where the average annual per capita rural income in 2019 was only 11,846 yuan.

Then, in 2017, the law caught up. Nong was among thousands of people addicted to drugs rounded up in the area and forced into compulsory rehab by police as part of a major crackdown on substance abuse. Local authorities believed dangerous drug use only exacerbated the regions already prevalent poverty, and carted those addicted to drugs to mandatory rehabilitation centers.

Now, Nong has completed rehab and has renewed purpose: find a decent job and help his aging mother. But it hasnt been easy. During the two-year rehab, he worked on a production line of transformers without wages, which meant his mother had to rely on poverty allowance totalling just 4,000 yuan a year, including subsistence allowances and a pension.

He left home in 2019 for the southern Guangdong province in search of work. There are no jobs in my hometowns factories, and the salary there is low, he says, adding that he first landed a job at a paper mill in Guangdongs Zhuhai City. He later switched to a pipeline manufacturing factory in the city of Foshan this year, earning 3,000-5,000 yuan a month based on the workload.

But its still a struggle, particularly since the COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted his home province of Guangxis already fragile economy. He hopes to find a better job and earn at least 6,000 yuan a month so he can send more money home. I feel sorry for my mother. She is so old. But the rehab at least made me quit, he says.

Nong Feijuns mother is pictured at her home in Longzhou County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Aug. 24, 2020. Li You/Sixth Tone

While the government-mandated rehabilitation drive has had the intended effect of reducing the number of people addicted to drugs, there are many like Nong whose problems go beyond addiction the biggest being the lack of opportunities in Longzhou County. And without decent job prospects, its easy for locals to fall back into a vicious cycle of drug addiction and incarceration.

Such is the case with Lu, a Longzhou resident who asked to be identified only by his surname. Despite spending a year in mandatory rehab in 2017, Lu was soon back on heroin. He says his friends, who introduced him to the drug years ago, lured him in again. I was depressed at the time and trying to have some fun, he says. I could not stop thinking about the thing all day.

Last year, Lu ended up in jail for six months after he was found in possession of heroin. According to official statistics, Guangxis Longzhou County alone has 1,922 drug users on record, which means at least one out of every 140 residents is addicted to drugs.

Anti-drug police officer Xie Peijun called Longzhou a place rife with drugs. And with its proximity to the Golden Triangle the dreaded global narcotics hub spread across the trijunction of Thailand, Laos, and Myanmar Guangxi is among the main drug smuggling routes into China, second only to Yunnan province bordering Myanmar.

A view of Minjian Village in Longzhou County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Aug. 24, 2020. Li You/Sixth Tone

The street price of such drugs increases along the chain from production hubs to consumption areas: 350 grams of heroin with 70% purity sells for between 70,000 yuan and 80,000 yuan in Longzhou. According to Xie, this rate at least doubles though purity falls to 20%-30% in the provincial capital of Nanning, roughly 200 kilometers away, which also serves as a transfer hub.

Apart from the international drug rings, Longzhou also has to deal with small-time dealers selling drugs to rural residents. At the end of the chain, most people addicted to drugs eventually fall into poverty and turn into dealers themselves to fund their drug usage.

Longzhou is a county in Guangxi bordering Vietnam and known for a Communist uprising in 1930 and for being a frontier during the Sino-Vietnam conflicts in 1979. While long-running clashes had already disrupted the regions economic development, a devastating flood in 1986 pushed Longzhou to the top of the first batch of 331 state-designated impoverished counties across China.

Since Deng Xiaopings leadership, poverty alleviation has been a top priority for China and continues to remain a central tenet in President Xi Jinpings administration. Xi vowed to eradicate poverty by 2020 to achieve the first centenary goal of the Chinese Communist Party, founded in 1921. The official poverty line, set in 2011, is at a per capita annual income of 2,300 yuan at 2010 rates. In 2020, this is estimated to be around 4,000 yuan.

A farmer works his fields in Longzhou County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Aug. 24, 2020. Li You/Sixth Tone

In 2017, the National Narcotics Control Commission and State Council Leading Group Office of Poverty Alleviation and Development declared the war on drugs part of Chinas poverty alleviation scheme, calling drug abuse the twin of poverty.

Longzhous economy, however, offers limited opportunities for locals. Located in Chinas karst regions, the county relies mainly on sugar cane agriculture and sugar production. The COVID-19, meanwhile, has only further hampered cross-border trade in the region.

Its why most who have recovered from drug addiction choose migrant work. Often, they move to the neighboring Guangdong province, an economic powerhouse, for jobs and better opportunities. Tang Yongzhong, head of the anti-drug office in Longzhou, says, One person working as a migrant can lift their whole family out of poverty.

But for those addicted to drugs, a fresh start first requires at least three years of community rehabilitation, a program introduced across China in 2007 as a part of the countrys de-addiction drive.

Longzhou County established a community rehabilitation network in 2014, hiring social workers to stay in touch with those addicted to drugs for a three-year period. This includes taking regular tests to ensure no relapses; the scheme also enables recovering drug users to maintain their jobs and provide for their families. If caught taking drugs again during or after community rehab, however, they are sent to a mandatory, isolated rehab center lasting for one or two years.

Longzhou resident Lin Licheng, 26, is in his third year of community rehabilitation. Addicted to ketamine, a drug with anesthetic properties that can cause hallucinogenic effects, Lin was caught with the illicit substance when authorities busted a local bar in 2018.

He recalls that peer pressure had pushed him into compulsive drug use, with disastrous consequences: His employer, a delivery company, fired him, and he was forced to rely on financial support from his elderly parents.

The exterior of a community rehabilitation center in Longzhou County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Aug. 25, 2020. Li You/Sixth Tone

You use the drug once ... Then youll do it again 10,000 times, he told Sixth Tone after taking a urine test at a local community rehab center. The test results were instantaneous, showing he was clean of three of the most common drugs: heroin, ketamine, and methamphetamine.

Those addicted to drugs in the community rehabilitation program can leave Longzhou but often have to return for tests. According to Lin, he tried to find work in Nanning but had to go through security checks every time he left and entered Longzhou, as his participation in the rehab program was on all government records.

Lin says the constant checks always left him feeling embarrassed. So he now hopes to obtain a drivers license and find a job out of town to restart his life after the three-year program ends.

In 2018, the State Council, Chinas Cabinet, announced that Longzhou was no longer in penury fewer than 2% of the population was under the poverty line. By March this year, the number of those addicted to drugs in poverty across the country dropped from 231,000 to 37,000. According to official data, the poverty alleviation rate among this group has reached 84%.

But some households in Longzhou still continue to rely on poverty allowance.

Qin Jiangming, 56, returned from Yunnan to Guangxi in 2013. After working as a barber in provincial capital Kunming for 14 years, he began to complain of chronic back pain. He thought surgery would help but says the pain only got worse.

Thats when a friend told him heroin can kill the pain. In 2018, he too was caught snorting heroin at a friends home. By that time, he had spent all his savings feeding his compulsive drug use and was bankrupt. Relying on social insurance, hed even cheated friends and relatives for money to buy more of the white powder, he says.

Qin Jiangming and his mother at their home in Longzhou County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Aug. 24, 2020. Li You/Sixth Tone

Qin and his 80-year-old mother now live on government subsidies. And since he couldnt farm any longer due to his chronic back condition, officials helped him open a barber shop in the village while he completed the community rehab program.

But stability is uncertain. When Sixth Tone visited him at his home in Longzhous Guanming Village, he was recovering from a road accident in which he suffered a broken leg, leaving him unable to run his shop. He only says: I hope I get better soon and pick up my scissors again.

(Header image: A farmer rides along a road cutting through sugarcane fields in Jinlong Town, Longzhou County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Aug. 27, 2020. Li You/Sixth Tone)

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After Years of Forced Rehab, China's Drug Users Struggle to Stay Sober - Sixth Tone

A clone of the endangered Przewalski’s horse is born of DNA saved for 40 years – CNN

The colt is a clone of a male Przewalski's horse and the first successful cloning of the species, San Diego Zoo officials said in a news release on September 4. It was born August 6 to a domestic surrogate mother. Przewalski's horse are known as the last wild horse, according to the National Zoo. They were originally native to Europe and Asia, but the expansion of humans and environmental changes depleted their numbers.

Scientists said that the horse was formally extinct in the wild, and has been surviving for the last 40 years primarily in zoos. Some herds have been found in Mongolia.

"This birth expands the opportunity for genetic rescue of endangered wild species," said Ryan Phelan, executive director of Revive & Restore, a wildlife conservation organization promoting biotechnologies that's partnering with San Diego Zoo Global and ViaGen Equine on the cloning project.

"Advanced reproductive technologies, including cloning, can save species by allowing us to restore genetic diversity that would have otherwise been lost to time."

The DNA used for the colt was cryopreserved in 1980 at the San Diego Zoo Global (SDZG) Frozen Zoo. The cloned stallion was born in 1975 in the United Kingdom and was transferred to the US in 1978. The zoo said he lived until 1998.

"As the new clone matures and successfully breeds, he can provide a valuable infusion of genetic diversity for the Przewalski's horse population," the news release said.

The baby horse was named "Kurt," in honor of Kurt Benirschke, who was instrumental in founding the Frozen Zoo and the conservation research program at San Diego Zoo Global.

Kurt will be moved to the San Diego Zoo Safari Park when he is older to be integrated into a breeding species.

"This colt is expected to be one of the most genetically important individuals of his species," said Bob Wiese, chief life sciences officer at San Diego Zoo Global.

"We are hopeful that he will bring back genetic variation important for the future of the Przewalski's horse population."

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A clone of the endangered Przewalski's horse is born of DNA saved for 40 years - CNN

Meet Dr. Gregg Veneklasen, the vet behind the worlds only cloned Przewalski horse – Jill Lopez

The colt represents the first time this species has been cloned, and scientists indicate it could provide an important model for future conservation efforts.

The birth of Kurt means there is hope for endangered wild species, said Dr. Veneklasen, rzewalski horses were close to extinct in the early 1900s when there were less than 30 in the world. The wild population is estimated to be around 2,000 nowadays, all lacking genetic diversity.

The new cloned foal, who will be moved to the San Diego Zoo Safari Park to be integrated into a breeding herd of his species once he is older, represents a major milestone for Przewalskis horse conservation. He was cloned from a cell line stored in the Frozen Zoo since 1980. That stallion was born in 1975 in the UK, was transferred to the US in 1978 and lived until 1998. As the new clone matures and successfully breeds, he can provide a valuable infusion of genetic diversity for the Przewalskis horse population.

This colt is expected to be one of the most genetically important individuals of his species, said Bob Wiese Ph.D., chief life sciences officer at San Diego Zoo Global. We are hopeful that he will bring back genetic variation important for the future of the Przewalskis horse population.

The colt has been named Kurt, in honor of Kurt Benirschke, M.D., who was instrumental in founding the Frozen Zoo and the conservation research program at San Diego Zoo Global.Kurt was born fully healthy and reproductively normal.

Formerly extinct in the wild, the Przewalskis horse has survived for the past 40 years almost entirely in zoos around the world, and all of the surviving horses are related to 12 Przewalskis horses born in the wild. Intensive breeding programs have helped recover the species, yet losses of genetic diversity have occurredbut those losses can now be halted, using cellular technologies such as cloning, based on the availability of living cells stored in the Frozen Zoo.

While ongoing reintroductions since the 1990s have established several wild herds on grasslands in China and Mongolia,maintaining genetic variation is likely to be an important part of ensuring the species survival in the future.

Advanced reproductive technologies are relatively standard for domestic horses and cattle. However, there have been few attempts to work with endangered species. The successful birth of this foal demonstrates how these techniques can be used for conservation efforts, today and into the future.

Timber Creek Veterinary has worked with ViaGen Equine for over 15 years, foaling hundreds of cloned horses for clients around the world.

Przewalski's Facts from Wikipedia:

Przewalski's horse is stockily built in comparison to domesticated horses, with shorter legs.

Typical height is about 1214hands(4856inches, 122142cm), length is about 2.1m (6ft 11in).

It weighs around 300 kilograms (660lb).

The coat is generallydunin color withpangarfeatures, varying from dark brown around the mane (which stands erect) to pale brown on the flanks and yellowish-white on the belly and around the muzzle.

The legs of Przewalski's horse are often faintly striped, also typical ofprimitive markings.

The tail is about 90cm (35.43in) long, with a longerdockand shorter hair than seen in domesticated horses.

The hooves of Przewalski's horse are longer in the front and have significantly thicker sole horns than feral horses. This is beneficial, as it improves the performance of the hooves.

The Przewalski's horse has 66 chromosomes, compared to 64 in all other horse species.

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Meet Dr. Gregg Veneklasen, the vet behind the worlds only cloned Przewalski horse - Jill Lopez

Biotechs in California developing COVID-blocking nasal spray with cloned antibodies – kjrh.com

SAN DIEGO, Calif. - About 70 companies worldwide are working on therapies for COVID-19 using cloned antibodies, according to an estimate by the International AIDS Vaccine Initiative. A few of these treatments, known officially as monoclonal antibody therapies, have advanced to clinical trials.

Most require an injection, but San Diego-based Diomics and its partner Active Motif, based in Carlsbad, are developing a once-a-day spray that could be easily self-administered.

Early research suggests the coronavirus primarily enters the body through the nose. The spray, called Dioguard, is designed to coat the lining of the nasal cavity with cloned antibodies that are held in place for 24 hours or more using a proprietary polymer material developed by Diomics.

Diomics CEO Anthony Zolezzi said he believes the spray holds the key to allowing many aspects of life to resume until the day comes when theres an effective vaccine in widespread use.

Diomics is also developing two tests for COVID-19 antibodies using its polymer beads, including a device that looks like a nicotine patch that is designed to monitor for infections for a week or more.

Active Motif is providing the cloned antibodies for the nasal spray. With a lab in Shanghai and other relationships in China, the Carlsbad company was able to clone antibodies from 11 Chinese survivors in February, before the World Health Organization declared a pandemic.

When the company started the cloning project, they thought the virus would probably disappear in three to six months, said Active Motif CEO Ted DeFrank. Then people started realizing, no this is going to be with us for a while.

The plasma from the 11 Chinese patients contained thousands of antibodies, and scientists with Active Motif set about selecting the one that was most effective, dubbed 414-1. The company says it can neutralize SARS-CoV-2 virus particles with 98 percent effectiveness.

Monoclonal antibodies have some similarities to convalescent plasma, which is a complex cocktail of antibodies and other immune molecules drawn from the blood of recovered patients. One of the key differences is that cloned antibodies can be mass produced in a lab.

Cloned antibodies have been used in treatments for more than 30 years, primarily for cancer. One such treatment famously helped former U.S. President Jimmy Carter beat melanoma.

But of the more than 100 monoclonal antibody therapies licensed for use, only seven are for communicable diseases, according to IAVI.

Historically, the treatments have been expensive and difficult to produce, but Diomics said its targeting a price of about $2 a spray for Dioguard, roughly $45 per bottle.

We do not want to have huge profits from a pandemic, thats just wrong, Zolezzi said. Were going to price this as effectively as we can for the masses. We want to get this out to the masses.

Animal testing is about to begin and the companies said they hope to progress to human trials soon. Their goal is to release the spray in early 2021, when a vaccine may be on the market but not yet widely available.

If the spray works, it could be adapted to other viruses to help fight future pandemics, Zolezzi said.

"Thats our real goal," Zolezzi said. "That we never get caught flat-footed like this time."

This story was first reported by Derek Staahl at KGTV in San Diego, California.

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Biotechs in California developing COVID-blocking nasal spray with cloned antibodies - kjrh.com

Indian Railways: 20 pairs of clone trains running from September 21st, no waiting tickets, see full list of trains here. IRCTC last update: Indian…

The railways have decided to let 20 pairs of clone trains run on busy routes, these trains will run on busy routes. The Tclone trains will run from September 21. These cloning trains are fully reserved and run at pre-arranged times. Railways have decided to run clone trains to eliminate the mess of waiting tickets. The full list of these cloned trains has been released.

The train number of the cloned trains running through the railway will be the same as the main train number. The speed of these cloned trains will be higher than the main trains. At the same time, the stops of these trains will also be less than those of the main train, that is, these trains will stop at limited stations. At the same time, the main train and its cloned train will arrive at the last station at approximately the same time. Reservations on these trains start from September 19.

The fare of the cloned trains is the same as the main train. According to information from the Ministry of Railways, of the 20 pairs of clone trains, 19 pairs of clone trains will run in the Humsafar class, the fare of which will also be the same as the Humsafar train. At the same time, 1 train pair will be operated as Janashtabdi Express from Lucknow Delhi, whose fare will be equal to Janashtabdi Express. These trains have a reservation period of 10 days.

The list of cloned trains issued by the railway includes several trains for Bihar. According to the list of railway cloned trains, train number (02563) will run from Saharsa to New Delhi. The Clone train (02564) runs daily from New Delhi to Saharsa. Apart from this, there will also be a lot of clone trains running to Darbhanga, Muzaffarpur, Rajgir and Rajendranagar stations of Bihar. Apart from this, trains will run from Amritsar-Jayanagar, Bangalore-Danapur, Ahmedabad-Darbhanga, Patna-Ahmedabad.

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Indian Railways: 20 pairs of clone trains running from September 21st, no waiting tickets, see full list of trains here. IRCTC last update: Indian...

Heir to the first domestic horse is cloned – Explica

| 09/10/2020 | ionicons-v5-c10: 16 | Francisco Trejo |

San Diego.- Scientists from the zoo of San Diego succeeded in cloning the first horse of Przewalski, a horse endangered wild native to the steppes of central Asia.

Breeding horse was baptized as Kurt and now symbolizes hope for his species that was on the brink of extinction.

Which makes that Kurt even more exciting is that it was cloned from genetic material cryopreserved 40 years ago, reviving genetic diversity that was believed to have been lost decades ago.

This foal is expected to be one of the most genetically important individuals of its species, said zoologist Bob Wiese, director of biological sciences at San Diego Zoo Global.

We are hopeful that it will recover important genetic variation for the future of the Przewalski horse population.

The last confirmed sighting of a horse of Przewalski in the wild it was in 1969.

Fortunately, some of the horses still remained in zoos. But not many. A total of 12 horses formed the ancestors of a captive breeding program: 11 horses of Przewalski captured in freedom between 1899 and 1902, and another captured in 1947. Thanks to this breeding program, today there are about 2,000 specimens.

(With information from Science Alert)

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Heir to the first domestic horse is cloned - Explica

Progress on guided pathways is promising, but still much to do, report says – Inside Higher Ed

A college reform movement is gaining speed, but there's still plenty of work to be done.

The Center for Community College Student Engagement released a report today that shows guided pathways programs are improving some student experiences. The report also identifies challenges that colleges face when using guided pathways, such as faculty engagement.

Guided pathways is a reform movement that aims to improve college completion and student success by redesigning students' journeys through college. Community colleges have been adopting this program to help students choose a program of study and create a plan to either transfer to a four-year college or get a good job with a two-year degree. Pathways programs often include the use of "metamajors," which let students choose a broader path of study so they can explore career options, and intensive advising to help students create these plans.

As of spring 2018, more than 250 community colleges had committed to using a guided pathways approach, according to the Community College Research Center at Teachers College, Columbia University.

The new report provides a baseline level of data on how students nationwide are experiencing this program, said Linda Garca, executive director of the Center for Community College Student Engagement.

"Even though it's a first look, we are seeing some momentum building," Garca said. "There's promise."

The institutions included in the report know there's more work to be done, but it's a marathon, she added. The report can show the colleges how far they've come and what aspects they need to focus on improving now.

"When people train for a marathon, they need cheerleaders," she said.

The findings show the framework for guided pathways is working, said Martha Parham, senior vice president of public relations for the American Association of Community Colleges.

"Guided Pathways is a framework that incorporates what has been learned about effective educational practice; still, it demands continuous evaluation to ensure that supports implemented are yielding positive outcomes," Parham wrote in an email. "While implementing any large-scale change is challenging, the Guided Pathways work requires significant changes in institutional culture, as well as in policies, practices, and the structures that support them."

The work won't be completed overnight, she said, but reports like this one will help colleges continue to assess their programs and improve upon the frameworks.

Research shows that the practices used in guided pathways programs can lead to better outcomes for students. Students who enter a specific program earlier on in their time at a community college are more like to transfer to a four-year college or complete a degree. Florida State University's use of academic program maps increased retention and decreased the number of excess credits students took. Queensborough Community College in New York adopted metamajors and saw an increase in its three-year graduation rate.

The principles of the program are simple and necessary, not only to help students succeed, but to help colleges survive, said Davis Jenkins, senior research scholar at the Community College Research Center.

Community colleges have a duty to prepare students for good jobs or to transfer to a four-year college with junior standing as tuition costs continue to rise, he said. Right now, 40percent of community college students drop out after the first few terms because the process to get started is confusing and many are forced to take developmental education courses. If they aren't taking an interesting course in their first year, they're likely to leave, he said.

"You have to help every student explore their options and develop a plan," Jenkins said. "It's unethical to not have them on a plan when youre charging that much money."

The Center for Community College Student Engagement does annual surveys of institutions and students on engagement, and it adds new items targeting different issues each year. The guided pathways questions were added to the center's 2018 Survey of Entering Student Engagement, which received about 49,000 responses from entering students across 117 colleges, and the 2019 Community College Survey of Student Engagement, which received about 77,000 responses from returning students across 166 colleges. The results were aggregated at the institutional level in the report. The report also includes the results in the top quartile, which colleges can use as a benchmark, Garca said.

About 7,500 faculty also responded to a faculty-specific survey, which included some questions on guided pathways.

The findings are grouped under pillars for guided pathways programs: help students get on a path, help students stay on their path and ensure students are learning.

For the first pillar, 44percent of entering students said their main source of academic advising was friends or family, and 43percent said instructors or college staff were their main source of advising. Nearly 70percent of entering students said they were required to meet with an academic adviser before registering for courses. About three-quarters of entering students had picked a career to pursue before registering, but only 20percent said a college staff member had helped them pick a program or major, and less than half had talked with college staff about what jobs their major could lead to.

The data show that colleges could improve with specific guidance on completion. Just under half of entering students said college staff had talked with them about how long it would take to complete their program. Less than one-third of students said college staff had talked with them about what the total cost of their education would be. Thirty-twopercent of students said they had not talked with a staff member about which of their credits would transfer toward their major at a four-year college.

Many colleges appear to be focusing more on advising, Garca said. The next pillar, keeping students on their paths, shows that 76percent of returning students had met with an academic adviser at least once during the term, and 59percent said they had reviewed their progress on their academic plan each time they met with their adviser. Nearly 80percent of those students also said that the courses they need to take have been available.

The final pillar covered in the report looks at ensuring students are learning. More than half of returning students said their adviser had required them to participate in study groups, and 67percent said they had worked with classmates on assignments outside class. Nearly 60percent said they had talked with their instructors about readings or ideas outside class, as well.

However, only 21percent of students said they had participated in experiential learning, like an internship or co-op experience.

This should be a key focus for the future, said Jenkins.

"Generally, to get a good job, you need some kind of experience," Jenkins said. "It's probably the least developed area of guided pathways, but a key next frontier."

The faculty survey revealed where there could be some improvements, Garca said. Nearly 60percent of faculty who reported their colleges were using guided pathways principles said they believe it will improve student outcomes. But colleges need to engage their faculty more in this work, results show.

Of those faculty members who reported their colleges are using guided pathways, 36percent said they are not involved in the program at all, and about half said they need more professional development on this issue. A little less than half of those faculty also said they know very little or nothing about the program.

"Students connect in the classroom first," Garca said. "It's so critical to include faculty in the process of guided pathways."

The results are still promising, she said, as the survey shows faculty members want to be involved with guided pathways programs. Colleges need to find ways to include adjuncts, who often teach the majority of classes but can have high turnover rates, Garca said.

Faculty can also feel fatigued by initiatives, but Garca tells them to think of guided pathways as an umbrella for everything they're doing.

Despite the challenges, campuses are seeing progress, said Tia Brown McNair, vice president for diversity, equity and student success at the Association of American Colleges and Universities.

"We all know that institutional change, especially a cultural change, takes time," McNair said. "But the idea of the guided pathways model is one that research has shown is a promising and sustainable practice that we need to support."

Colleges should be asking questions about how they can improve in these areas, but it's also important to acknowledge the promise of the framework, she said.

"What weve learned from previous evaluation reports is that doing the work on the fourth pillar to ensure students are learning has had additional challenges in moving forward, and is not moving at same pace as the first three pillars," she said.

Most of the member colleges in the Achieving the Dream network, which serves community colleges, are engaged in guided pathways work, said Karen Stout, president and CEO of the organization. This report provides benchmarks, but there are still some points that Stout worries about.

"Generally, the report places a lot of emphasis on changing student behaviors," she said. "We're hoping that colleges are also changing their behaviors. That's the only way to see significant gains."

For example, while the number of students meeting with advisers is pretty good, colleges should be thinking about what students are not meeting with their advisers and how that should be fixed, she said.

Institutions should also be using guided pathways as a framework for change, but not a silver bullet, Stout said. There are some fundamentals that need to be in place before the program can succeed. Some colleges still don't have the capacity to collect data, she said.

Some colleges do the organizing work -- like creating metamajors -- without focusing on the fourth pillar of ensuring students are learning.

"So what you get is almost a unitary focus on program maps instead of transformational learning experience," she added.

Colleges should be re-evaluating their business practices as well as creating metamajors, she said.

"A clearly defined program map or an advising appointment doesn't change the placement structure," she said, referring to how students of color are disproportionately placed in remedial courses that can set them behind on their path.

Colleges should reflect on their practices and collect their own data and data from student focus groups to determine how the redesign process is going, Jenkins said.

"A lot of colleges think that guided pathways is basically mapping out programs and putting them on websites and organizing them into metamajors," he said. "That might provide better information, but it doesnt change the student experience."

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Progress on guided pathways is promising, but still much to do, report says - Inside Higher Ed

Points of Progress: Building a recycled highway, and more – The Christian Science Monitor

1. United States

A stretch of Highway 162 just west of Oroville, California, has been repaved using 100% recycled materials. Caltrans, the state transportation agency, partnered with engineering startup TechniSoil to pave the nations first highway with recycled plastic.The company uses reclaimed PET, a type of plastic commonly found in water bottles and other single-use containers, to bind ground-up, recycled asphalt. The binding agent in traditional asphalt paving is a black sticky substance called bitumen, produced by oil refining. TechniSoils process uses the equivalent of roughly 150,000 plastic bottles per mile and requires less energy than traditional repaving projects. The plastic binder resists cracking, meaning the road can last two or three times longer than traditional pothole-prone asphalt, the companys president says. TechniSoil is also working on another plastic road project in Los Angeles. (Fast Company, Chico Enterprise-Record)

In a climate-smart agriculture pilot project, farmers in Guyana are being taught sustainable farming techniques. The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and Inter-American Institute for Cooperation on Agriculture (IICA) have provided training and materials to more than 30 farmers and their families. Specifically, the program is teaching participants to build and utilize a small, affordable greenhouse known as a shadehouse.In flood-prone communities, learning to embrace greenhouse crop production makes agriculture more resilient to climate change, and could result in more profitable yields and improved food security. FAO and IICA plan to expand the project to other locations, seeing it as a learning-by-doing opportunity for farmers and their children, who are home from school during the pandemic. (Guyana Chronicle)

Noor Inayat Khan, a spy who operated in occupied France during World War II, is the first woman of South Asian descent to be honored by Londons blue plaque program, which identifies buildings connected to notable people with a round blue sign. Her former family home in Bloomsbury will be recognized as an important English Heritage site.

Olivia Harris/Reuters/File

A statue of Noor Inayat Khan was unveiled in London in 2012. She was the first female radio operator sent into occupied France during World War II.

Its a milestone in the effort to diversify the public history program. In 2016, when English Heritage created a working group to address the lack of diversity among blue plaque recipients, only 33 of the nearly 1,000 plaques highlighted Black and Asian figures. Khan, born to an Indian father and an American mother, served as a British spy for months before being captured, and later executed, by the Nazis. Khans biographer describes her as Britains first Muslim war heroine in Europe. (The Guardian)

A black turbine blade could reduce fatal bird collisions at wind farms by about 72%, a new study suggests. Impact on wildlife has always been a major concern for onshore wind farms. At Norways Smla wind farm, trained dogs found nearly 500 dead birds scattered among the 68 turbines over the course of a decade.But researchers may have identified a simple solution. If one rotor blade is painted black, birds seemed better able to identify and avoid the spinning blades. Compared with an adjacent, unpainted turbine, the adapted machine caused 71.9% fewer fatal collisions.

Jan Kare Ness/NTB Scanpix/Reuters/File

Wind turbines, like those pictured here in Fitjar, Norway, can pose a deadly threat to passing birds. Researchers are testing the introduction of one black blade to reduce collisions.

Were very excited about this, said Brd Stokke, a lead author on the study. But he concedes its limitations. So many different species of birds have different ways of seeing things, he said. We dont know what they see.While more research is needed, he hopes that future wind energy developments embrace the painted blade method, given its relatively low cost and potential benefit for bird populations. (E&E News, BBC)

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With more than 95% of the continent immunized, the independent Africa Regional Certification Commission has declared Africa free from wild polio. Vaccination campaigns are credited with eradicating the virus.In 1996, poliovirus affected more than 75,000 children across the continent, with some cases in every country. Nigerias remote Borno state, epicenter of the Boko Haram insurrection, saw the last recorded case of wild polio in 2016. The wild strains of the disease are now found only in Afghanistan and Pakistan, though the World Health Organization identified 177 vaccine-derived cases in Africa this year. This strain is a rare mutation of the oral polio vaccine, which experts say will disappear as countries achieve herd immunity and phase out the vaccine. (BBC)

Egypts parliament has approved a law granting survivors of sexual violence automatic anonymity. And anyone who exposes the identity of a sexual assault survivor faces jail time.The law is largely the result of a growing #MeToo movement in Egypt. Research suggests that sexual violence is widespread in Egypt, but rarely reported due to a fear of backlash. The Instagram account Assault Police has also created a space for women to come forward with accusations of abuse, pressuring authorities to act.Most recently, prosecutors ordered the arrests of a group of men allegedly involved in a 2014 gang rape in Cairo. Assault Police, which first reported the incident in July, shared the arrest announcement, saying, Great news for the first time in a while! Praise be to God and thank you.(Reuters, BBC)

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Points of Progress: Building a recycled highway, and more - The Christian Science Monitor

Tesla Gigafactory Berlin shows incredible progress and scale in new drone flyover – Electrek

The latest drone flyover of Tesla Gigafactory Berlin shows some impressive progress, as the novel construction technique is already producing large buildings.

It has been a month since we shared a Tesla Gigafactory Berlin construction update, and a lot of progress has been made in the last month.

Teslas factory under construction is subject to constant drone flyovers from people in the Tesla community trying to survey the progress.

A new drone flyover by YouTubes flybrandenburg gets pretty ambitious and even flies between pylons of buildings coming up at the construction site, giving a very close look at the different structures.

The video filmed yesterday shows some significant progress at Gigafactory Berlin:

Earlier this year, CEO Elon Musk said thatTesla is using pre-fab methods to accelerate constructionof Gigafactory Berlin.

You can see large sections of concrete near the buildings ready to complete buildings.

In the new video, we can see the main building of Gigafactory Berlin:

The building that is identified as the Drive Unit building in Teslas plans appears to be one of the closest to completion:

The video also takes us into the future building that will house Gigafactory Berlins paint shop:

Musk has been boasting that Gigafactory Berlins paint shop will be the most advanced paint shop in the world.

Tesla is also working on the section that will build body-in-white:

Tesla is planning to start production at the new factory in July 2021, and it needs to stick to a strict construction timeline to be ready to start production in just 12 months.

The start of production at the factory is also linked to the launch of the Model Y in Europe.

This is impressive. We can already see the Gigafactory Berlin campus take shape with several large buildings.

Like Elon mentioned, it does indeed look like the pre-fab building method is bearing fruit.

I know that theyre using German contractors for the project, but I wonder if they can use a similar method to build Gigafactory Texas.

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Tesla Gigafactory Berlin shows incredible progress and scale in new drone flyover - Electrek

Tracking progress on food and agriculture-related SDG indicators 2020 – World – ReliefWeb

FAO report on food and agriculture indicators underscores lack of progress in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals

FAO is rolling out innovative data tools to help countries track progress as COVID-19 pandemic poses new monitoring challenges

15 September 2020, Rome/Geneva - The world was already off track to meet the Sustainable Development Goals by 2030 and the COVID-19 pandemic has made it even harder both to achieve the Goals and to monitor progress where it is being made, according to a new report released today by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.

"We need better data to better understand the path we need to take to get to our destination," said FAO Chief Economist Maximo Torero. "Knowing more about where we are and how slowly or quickly we are moving will help us focus our efforts and actions to target interventions to achieve SDGs."

The unprecedented global health crisis, with associated economic and social impacts, is "making the achievement of these SDG targets even more challenging," according to the report, "Tracking progress on food and agriculture-related SDG indicators 2020".

Hunger, as well as other forms of food insecurity, are rising, and the pandemic has disrupted longer-term practices from conserving genetic resources as well as immediate operations such as national agricultural censuses, which are key both to identifying immediate needs and nudging the world's farmers to more sustainable practices. These censuses have been delayed, postponed or suspended in more than half of the 150 countries canvassed. Around one in four countries say that COVID-19 has disrupted national statistical agencies, with "nearly all" key data collection being adversely affected and vastly complicating FAO's work as the custodian agency for 21 SDG indicators and a contributing agency to another five.

The report assesses current trends, finding many stagnating - including the hunger benchmark known as Prevalence of Undernourishment used to track SDG target 2.1 - or even deteriorating - such as the broader Food Insecurity Experience Scale used for the same target. Many of the indicators, particularly for measuring smallholder labor productivity and incomes with the aim of doubling them by 2030, suffer from inadequate data to assess both current status and progress.

"Members can rely on FAO to help work through the often very substantial methodological complexity and pursue harmonized and comparable results that will enable the necessary acceleration of efforts to achieve the SDGs, as we enter the crucial Decade of Action culminating in 2030," said Pietro Gennari, FAO's chief statistician. "And while the general assessment is concerning, it's also important to note positive trends, such as improved water use efficiency in Southern Asia, increases in plant genetic resource conservation efforts in Northern Africa, progress towards sustainable forest management, and some improvement in the fight against illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing ."

Innovation can trump disruption

"The COVID-19 crisis makes the job more difficult but is also an opportunity to find new ways to work smarter, faster and harder," said Torero, who along with Gennari presented the report virtually in Geneva today.

FAO has set up a Big Data laboratory and tool to gather real-time information for a series of indicators, a Food Price Monitoring and Analysis tool, as well as the Hand in Hand Geospatial Platform, and is also increasing its efforts to bring all data public. The Organization is exploiting alternative data sources to help Members assess in real-time the impact of the pandemic disruptions on food systems and also to overcome the current limitations on data collection in the field. Satellite imagery is being used to identify and monitor risks of disruption on crop production and value chains. Machine-learning models have been developed to calibrate and classify crop prospects, and these are integrated with other data sets - including government restriction measures and trends on the impact of COVID-19, to inform evidence-based decision-making.

Some of the key findings

Agricultural productivity data are scarce, but indications are that small-scale food producers lag behind their larger peers. Data on smallholder incomes are relatively more abundant, but show that in most countries, smallholder incomes are less than half of those of larger producers.

Global holdings of plant genetic resources for food and agriculture rose to 5.43 million in 2019 from 4.21 million in 2005. But efforts to secure crop diversity for crop wild relatives and underutilized crop species continue to be insufficient.

The number of livestock breeds with sufficient genetic material stored to allow them to be reconstituted in case of extinction rose 10-fold in the decade to 2019. But they still amount to only 101 of the roughly 7 600 breeds reported around the world, some 73 percent of which are at risk of extinction.

Gender equality, investigated through the lens of women's land tenure, is far from realized, and legal provisions in many countries do not adequately protect the rights of women to land. Only 12 percent of assessed countries guarantee a very high degree of such protection.

Both forests and the sustainability of global fish stocks continue to decline, though at a slower pace than before.Government investment in agriculture, measured as a share of GDP, has declined globally by around a third since 2001, led by sharp drops - from high levels - in much of Asia.

"Working together, we need to work together to find innovative ways to accelerate the information needed to catalyze the changes the world has pledged to achieve," said Torero.

Click here for the full report.

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Tracking progress on food and agriculture-related SDG indicators 2020 - World - ReliefWeb