Lewes beaches will be guarded this summer – CapeGazette.com

Visitors to Lewes Beach will see a familiar sight this Memorial Day weekend, but its one they were not expecting to see just days ago.

Lewes has hired Strohm Edwards, head coach of the Makos Swim Club, to be its new lifeguard captain. The city will now be able to employ a full force of lifeguards for the holiday weekend, and should be able to recruit the 10 to 12 guards necessary for a full patrol. That seemed impossible just a few weeks ago. The situation became so dire that the decision was made to leave beaches unguarded this summer, rather than risk guarding the beaches with a skeleton patrol.

Members of the public, in particular the water safety community, felt it was unacceptable for a coastal town and something needed to be done. Leading the charge was North Shores Capt. Kent Buckson, the former longtime Rehoboth Beach Patrol captain, whose passion for water safety fueled his need to assist Lewes in finding guards for its beaches. During the mayor and city council meeting May 23, City Manager Anne Marie Townshend said she tried to reach out to Buckson earlier, but once the news broke, it was Buckson who contacted her about helping.

Buckson said he felt confident he could work quickly and effectively within his network to find the right person for the job. The veteran lifeguard with decades of experience knew Edwards would be the right man for Lewes Beach Patrol. Citing Edwards years of experience as a lifeguard with the Rehoboth Beach Patrol and connections as a youth swim instructor, Buckson said he feels the new captain understands what needs to be done to build an effective patrol program.

While they are still vetting applicants to fill the spots needed for a full force, Buckson said building the patrol to avoid any slips in recruiting will be an ongoing process. The city is hoping to have 10 to 12 guards hired by June 15, which it is believes is achievable. But, there are retention measures that can be put in place.

Buckson said Lewes has never had a junior lifeguard program, something he has established at North Shores and works as an effective feeder program when the guards come of age. Establishing such a program in Lewes can also help to get legacies involved in creating a system of siblings recruiting siblings. Edwards role as a swim coach is also seen as beneficial in not just the recruitment of established swimmers, but also tapping into sibling recruitment. Buckson said the junior patrol program is something Lewes is missing.

Lewes also does not currently employ an off-duty paramedic or EMS personnel at the beaches, which Buckson said is another step other coastal towns have taken. While lifeguards are very well versed in water safety, first aid and CPR, there are times when major medical emergencies can occur. Having the support of a medical professional on the scene could go a long way in helping to ease stress on young lifeguards.

Developing the patrol in a healthy manner is another key component to retention and recruitment, Buckson said. Offering a flexible schedule, paid time off, incentives for working out, and a fun work environment are helpful in making sure lifeguards stay in peak physical and mental shape. The demands of the job can be offset by thoughtful management practices fostering a culture that is attractive to current and future lifeguards.

Buckson will continue to work with Edwards and Lewes to fill the patrol for the summer and has plans for the resurrected patrol as well. Wanting to build excitement around guarding the Lewes beaches, Buckson is planning to hold a lifeguard competition at Savannah Beach sometime this summer with patrols from all around the area.

Its a matter of getting the word out now. They have a captain in place, which is huge because he can get that train on the right track, Buckson said.

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Lewes beaches will be guarded this summer - CapeGazette.com

Beach shuttle, trolley rides in Grand Haven will be free this summer – MLive.com

GRAND HAVEN, MI Getting to Grand Havens beach can be hassle-free this summer with regular weekend beach shuttles.

The free shuttles that begin June 4 will take passengers back and forth between several parking locations and Grand Haven City Beach.

The shuttles will run between noon and 6 p.m. Saturdays and Sundays through Sept. 4.

The Beach Express shuttles are in addition to new looped trolley routes that travel as far as Fruitport, and stop at various locations of interest. Those routes on brand new trolleys that include beach stops also are being offered free of charge this year.

The looped trolley routes begin Tuesday, May 31, and run through Sept. 5.

The Beach Express and trolleys will not be running Saturday, Aug. 6, due to the Coast Guard Festival.

Here are details on the Beach Express and Lakeshore Trolley routes:

Beach Express Shuttle

The shuttle will run between the Grand Haven City Beach, near the restrooms, and three parking locations. Those locations are:

- Grand Haven Meijer, 15000 U.S. 31

- Parking lot at 803 Taylor Avenue in Grand Haven

- Orchard Market, 17026 Lloyds Bayou Dr., Spring Lake

Buccaneer Trolley Loop

The route on the blue Lakeshore Trolley begins at noon seven days a week at the Spring Lake Holiday Inn and runs until 8 p.m. It takes about 45 minutes to complete a full loop. Passengers can flag down a trolley at any intersection along its route, except at U.S. 31 and M-104. They also can board at any of the following fixed stops:

- Chinook Pier, North Harbor Drive near Elliott Street.

- The Pump House, 20 N. Harbor Drive

- Grand Haven State Park, 1001 S. Harbor Drive

- Tri-Cities Historical Museum, 200 Washington Avenue

- Central Park/City Hall, 519 Washington Avenue

- The Bookman/Morning Start Caf, 711 Washington Avenue

- Franks Market/Pfaffs Corner, 1125 Washington Avenue

- Norms Ice Cream/Burzurk Brewing Co., 1453 Washington Avenue

- Eastpointe RV Resort, 200 N. Beechtree Street

- Spring Lake Holiday Inn, 940 W. Savidge Street

Laker Trolley Loop

The route on the red trolley begins at noon, seven days a week at the Spring Lake Holiday Inn and runs until 8 p.m. The route takes about an hour. Passengers can flag down a trolley at any intersection along its route, except at U.S. 31 and M-104. They also can board at any of the following fixed stops:

- Spring Lake Holiday Inn, 940 W. Savidge Street

- Tanglefoot Park, 312 W. Exchange Street, Spring Lake

- The Front Porch/Little Caesars, 618 E. Savidge Street, Spring Lake

- Central Park, 899 Central Avenue, Spring Lake

- Lakeside Beach, 15963 Beach Drive, Spring Lake

- Pomona Park, Park Street and 3rd Avenue, Fruitport

- A La Mode, 307 Oak Street, Spring Lake

- Coast Guard Park, 1816 N. Shore Road, Spring Lake

- North Beach Park, 18775 N. Shore Drive, Ferrysburg

- North Shore Fishermans Lot, corner of Breton and Main streets, Spring Lake

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Beach shuttle, trolley rides in Grand Haven will be free this summer - MLive.com

Headed to a SC beach this weekend? Don’t disturb the nesting birds. – Charleston Post Courier

As you walk along the crowded beaches this weekend, stop to consider the shorebirds' perspective: You're a shark. Your dog is a shark. Your kite is planning to swoop down and eat them.

They're not wrong to be afraid: Shorebirds that nest along beaches have lost about 70 percent of their population in the past 50 years.

Sea birds that set up colonies offshore aren't faring much better. There are two main reasons. One is habitat loss from sea level rise and coastal development. The other is people, often unintentionally, who scare the birds and cause them to leave their eggs or chicks unguarded.

The eggs can burn in minutes in the summer sun or become a quick snack for birds like gulls and other predators.

"Its really important for people who are going to the beaches to be aware they are sharing the beach with coastal birds that may be nesting or raising their young," said Cami Duquet, shorebirds steward coordinator for the state Department of Natural Resources.

An American oystercatcher egg in a nest on the beach. Their camouflage helps protect them from predators but makes them more difficult for beachgoers to avoid. SCDNR/Provided

"Every year, its a worrisome weekend because we know there are a lot of people out on the water and the beaches."

AAA Carolinas predicts Memorial Day weekend travel is set to rebound to nearly pre-pandemic levels, with beaches as the most popular destination. One of the company's surveys released this month found more than 80 percent of South Carolinians are comfortable traveling now, up from 49 percent a year ago.

Birds that nest on the beach like Wilsons plovers, American oystercatchers, black skimmers and least terns use the sand as camouflage against predators. But that can backfire when unsuspecting people wander too close for comfort before noticing them.

Duquet said there are more than 40 bird species that use South Carolina's coast for either nesting or migration.

The state DNR and Audubon South Carolina consider this weekend an all-hands-on-deck event. Dozens of volunteer stewards will be stationed near bird nesting sites reminding visitors to keep a safe distance from the roped off areas.

A pelican with its chick at Crab Bank Seabird Sanctuary in 2014. SCDNR/Provided

"We're not there to be law enforcement. We're not there to write tickets," said Allyssa Zebrowski, Audubon's coastal stewardship coordinator. "One of the biggest things I like to remind people is conservation doesn't happen from the top level down. It happens small-scale. ... If we can each just do one small thing, which is giving them space while we're on the beach, it adds up to a huge impact for our birds."

A 2018 study of one species of shorebirds in North Carolina, South Carolina and Georgia found that in areas with higher levels of human activity, thebirds weighed less and had lower survival rates.

Sometimes the science looks bleak, but Zebrowski points to the thriving brown pelicans that nest offshore as a historical success story. The birds were on the brink of extinction in 1970.

"It gives me hope and the rest of my partners hope that we can help these species in the way we helped the brown pelican all those years ago," she said.

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Headed to a SC beach this weekend? Don't disturb the nesting birds. - Charleston Post Courier

Perfect for a caipirinha and sunset: readers favourite beaches of Portugal – The Guardian

Winning tip: Lazy river, roaring waves, western Algarve

Every time I emerge from the dunes and see the endless expanse of sand along the winding river my heart sings. Praia da Amoreira sits on the Algarves wilder, western coastline, near the town of Aljezur but, unlike the regions many glorious beaches, this is a beach with a split personality. Set up camp along the broad sandy banks of the Ribeira de Aljezur as it makes its sweeping escape into the Atlantic. An idyllic stroll westward takes you from tranquil cliffside curves out into the roaring force of the Atlantic a surfers dream. But the greatest pleasure is the river itself hop in and let the water gently carry you on a lazy river like no other.Robin Dear

My favourite beach in the world is Portinho da Arrbida near Setbal. This is a small alcove-like beach, south of Lisbon in Arrbida national park. Its relative inaccessibility has protected it so far from overcrowding. To reach it you pass through some truly beautiful hilly green scenery. The beach is of fine white sand and theres a desert island about 200 metres offshore to swim to. Its best in May and June, out of the holiday season. Pedro Santos

We love Praia da Adraga on the Atlantic coast, 19km north of Cascais, and easily accessible (by car) from historic Sintra. Its a wonderful place to escape the summer crowds. Somewhat more sheltered than nearby Guincho, yet still great for surfers, it combines dramatic cliff scenery and golden sands studded with black volcanic rock formations reminiscent of semi-submerged dragons. Though it feels off the beaten tourist track, theres a spacious car park, toilets and showers, a little shop and a delightful restaurant (dine in and takeaway).RJA

Praia do Carvalhal, near Comporta, is just over an hours drive from Lisbon. A family I was staying with drove me there to show me the benefits of not heading for beaches too near the capital. Its not usually crowded and has a lovely stretch of white sand curving round a sheltered turquoise sea where you can swim easily. There is even a small library on a rustic terrace where visitors of all nationalities can leave or take beach books, often novels that have been read while sunbathing. Try the seafood at the casual restaurant Dinis: its run by a fisherman and barefoot waiters will serve you octopus salad and crisp white wines on the beach.Greta

Linha de Cascais is the train line running along the coast from Lisbon to Cascais. Any beach along here is worth visiting but my favourite is Praia das Avencas near Parede station. Named for the medicinal avenca plant (an evergreen fern) that grows there, the beach is tucked away under the cliffs, which providie welcome respite from the afternoon winds. Designated an area of biodiversity, the small beach is a favourite among snorkelers but often goes unnoticed by tourists. For food or drinks, head to Bar das Avencas overlooking the beach perfect for a caipirinha and sunset.U Watson

In Madeira, an autonomous region of Portugal, there are a vast number of amazing beaches. One that I find is overlooked by most tourists is Praia de Garajau, on the south coast and backed by huge cliffs. The only way you can access the beach is either by cable car or a long walk down a winding road. Once down there, Garajau offers tranquil views with breathtaking blue waters contrasted against the grey stone beach. Its also a natural marine reserve with a vast number of fish species.Jonathan Bernardino

Praia do Amado is a stunning beach in the western Algarve, a 40-minute drive from the popular city of Lagos. This beach can be hard to find however, as the signposts guiding to it have been smothered in stickers by surfers who wish to There is a surf school on the beach for newbies to try their hand, or for more experienced surfers to brush up on their techniques. The clear waters are surrounded by beautiful cliffs that protect the more relaxed beach-goers from the north wind. To top it all off, beach vendors are never far off, serving delicious hot doughnuts!Erin Brown

The most wonderful beach Ive been to is on Armona Island to the east of Olho and part of the Ria Formosa natural park. I visited with some Italian friends while doing an EU Erasmus-funded placement in Seville. Olho is easy to reach being near Faro, but you can only get to the island via a few ferry crossings a day, and with no cars on the island, you feel totally cut off from the world. A boardwalk leads to beaches that are wide, windy and deserted. We pottered around on the sand and collected clams, which my friends later cooked with garlic and pasta. You can stay in pastel-coloured beach huts facing the Atlantic, and eat incredible stews with vinho verde at the handful of restaurants. Total holiday bliss.Sarah Collings

Guardian Travel readers' tips

Every week we ask our readers for recommendations from their travels. A selection of tips will be featured online and may appear in print. To enter the latest competition visit the readers' tips homepage

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The beach at Praia de Benagil is hidden away in a lovely silent cove reached only by rock-hewn steps get there early and you may have it all to yourself. A short swim away is the Benagil sea cave, a mystical aquatic pantheon with golden sunlight streaming in and bouncing off the red-hued sandstone walls on to a secluded sandy beach. Try the seafood at the family-run Sul Mar restaurant just half a mile away off the M1273 road, well away from the overcrowded eateries closer to the coast.Nick

Our favourite beach in the north of Portugal is Praia Forte do Pa, nestled beneath the ruins of an 18th-century fort. This lovely white-sand beach is a short walk through dunes from the car park and sheltered by cliffs and granite boulders. Our children enjoyed the warm natural paddling pools and we braved the Atlantic for a cooler swim. Theres a kiosk and a lifeguard from June to mid-September, but this beach is not overcrowded even in midsummer. We took a picnic and played storming the castle in the ruins of the fort.Susanna Callaghan

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Perfect for a caipirinha and sunset: readers favourite beaches of Portugal - The Guardian

Water testing begins at two Lake County beaches – News 5 Cleveland WEWS

MENTOR, Ohio With beach season officially beginning during Memorial Day weekend, beach water testing will begin at two Lake County public beaches.

The Lake County General Health District (LCGHD) will begin reporting beach water quality at Mentor Headlands State Park and Lake Metroparks Fairport Harbor Beach.

Every morning a staff member will collect water samples and record data and observations. The data will be entered into a program called Virtual Beach that uses a software mathematical system developed by USEPA to predict the levels of E. Coli at the beach each day.

The LCGHD will collect water quality samples three times per week for E. Coli analysis to validate models specifically designed for each beach.

If the prediction indicates that the water quality is expected to exceed the standard, the beach operators will be notified and advised to post the advisory sign.

Beachgoers should look for posted water quality signs before going into the water. The district recommends that beachgoers avoid the water 24-48 hours after a heavy rain of more than half of an inch in 24 hours since chances for poor water quality could increase.

The Northeast Ohio Sewer District has begun testing water at Edgewater and Villa Angela Beach.

News 5 went along as experts tested the water. Watch what goes into daily water testing at your favorite beach.

A sign of summer returns as daily water testing begins at Edgewater Beach ahead of Memorial Day

RELATED: A sign of summer returns as daily water testing begins at Edgewater Beach ahead of Memorial Day

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Water testing begins at two Lake County beaches - News 5 Cleveland WEWS

How did Palm Beach County third-graders fare on Florida reading test? – Palm Beach Post

While school districts throughout Florida took a hit on this years third-grade reading assessment, Palm Beach County public schools held steady, surpassing the statewide average for the first time in nearly two decades.

The states English language arts assessment measures students ability to read and understand the text in front of them. The test scores third-graders on a scale from 1 to 5, with Level 3 being satisfactory.Students who hit that benchmark are said to be reading on grade level.

The average for students reading on grade level in Florida dropped by one percentage point, to 53%, while the Palm Beach County School District maintained its 54% rate the first time local schools surpassed the state average in 18 years, according to a news release from the district.

While the District is making gains, we believe that 100% of students have the potential to read on grade level and will continue to work toward reaching that goal, the releasestates.

Read more: Florida school testing will change, but despite DeSantis promise, high stakes remain

High school rankings: How did Palm Beach County high schools fare in the 2022 U.S. News & World Report rankings?

More: Schools see signs of academic bounce back from COVID slide in time for last FSA

Of the large urban districts in Florida, only Broward increased the percentage of third-graders scoring Level 3 or above, from 53% to 54%, while Palm Beach County maintained its score and five districts slipped backward:

Florida haslong struggled to increase its third-grade reading scores, and despite the momentary celebration in local schools, this years results mean that 47% of students in Florida and 46% in Palm Beach County are likely or highly likely to need substantial support going forward, according to the states grading system.

In a memo dated May 25 and sent to the Palm Beach County School Board, district leaders said the results would inform their plans for the upcoming school year.

Schools will receive their results and use this information to meet individual student needs and for school improvement, the memo reads.District and regional staff will use the results to provide direction for improvement in curriculum and instruction.

This year also marked the last time students took the Florida Standards Assessments, including the FSA in English language arts, as Florida transitions to a new system touted by Gov. Ron DeSantis.

Instead of holding lengthy assessments at the end of a school year, the new Florida Assessment of Student Thinking, or FAST, will include three much shorter check-in assessments throughout the year, according to the Florida Department of Education.

To look up your school, click here.

Giuseppe Sabella is an education reporter at The Palm Beach Post, part of the USA TODAY Florida Network. You can reach him at gsabella@pbpost.com. Help support our journalism andsubscribe today.

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How did Palm Beach County third-graders fare on Florida reading test? - Palm Beach Post

Barriers at the Beach: State law and town rules keep most of Mass. shoreline off-limits – GBH News

Updated at 10:50 a.m. May 25

Its called the Bay State. It has roughly 1,400 miles of coastline and a world-famous tourist magnet called the Cape and Islands.

Massachusetts should be a beach lovers paradise, but access to the states shores is deeply uneven. Entry to most beaches is dependent on personal wealth, your home zip code and a shrinking allotment of visitor parking spaces clustered far from the water and a system of parking restrictions aimed at out-of-towners.

Just 12% of the states beaches are open to all members of the public, according to a coastal land inventory done by the state more than 30 years ago the last estimate the state ever attempted, when the state had about 1 million fewer residents. That small percentage of public beaches often draw crowds so big on sunny days that parking lots fill to capacity, turning away carloads of disappointed travelers and people trying to seek ocean relief from hot temperatures as climate change has steadily increased the number of summer days that reach high temperatures over 90 degrees.

Beach access is also perhaps unsurprisingly an issue of racial inequity. The states urban beaches are free and easily accessible, but some of the beaches located in more racially and ethnically diverse communities such as Boston, Lynn and Quincy are also more prone to bacterial contamination that poses a health risk, sometimes forcing beach closures.

Now, three decades after state leaders sounded an alarm about the lack of public access to Massachusetts beaches, two state lawmakers are renewing the push to demand a bigger public foothold.

Given the rising demands for beach access and dwindling supply as many Massachusetts beaches are simply getting smaller through erosion and sea level rise, state Rep. Dylan Fernandes and Sen. Julian Cyr from the Cape and Islands are reviving an old battle cry to dismantle the state law dating back to the Colonial era that allows private ownership of beachfront property all the way down to the low-tide line.

It is just a fundamental human right that no individual should own the ocean or the sand beneath its waves, state Rep. Dylan Fernandes said in April, standing on a bluff over a Woods Hole beach. I've gotten emails and phone calls from people all over the state just giving us horror stories of getting screamed at, chased with shovels and golf clubs, berated just for touching a little piece of private beach in the intertidal zone. And people are fed up with that.

Under the state law, the only activities a private owner must allow in the intertidal zone a strip of sand between the low and high tide lines are fishing, fowling and navigation. Fernandes and Cyrs bill, filed last year, would add a single and radical word to that list: recreation.

Michael Dwyer / AP

Allowing unfettered recreational access to the intertidal zone would create a seismic shift along Massachusetts strands, but the proposal is fraught with contention and would likely be subject to legal challenges from private beach owners demanding state compensation for devaluing their property.

Maine, Delaware and Virginia are the only other ocean-facing states in the U.S. that allow private ownership all the way to the low tide line. Maines highest court declared similar legislation in 1989 an unconstitutional taking of private property.

Fernandes and Cyr are far from the first Massachusetts politicians to wade into this controversy over beach access. After getting chased off a private beach in the early 1970s, the powerful former Senate President William Bulger tried and failed to undo the restrictive state law. The Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court signaled in 1974 it would rule against legislation infringing on the property rights of private beach owners.

While Bulgers legacy kept alive some governmental efforts to increase beach access through the 1990s, a lack of funding and a lack of interest among coastal towns stymied any significant progress, said Geordie Vining, the former director of coastal access planning for the state between 1994 and 2000.

I would go into towns and on the beaches to work with local officials and state representatives. And for the most part, everyone was telling me, No, we don't want public coastal access here for all of the typical reasons of privacy and fear of crime and trash," said Vining, now a planner for the coastal city of Newburyport.

In 1998, the state started a program called Coastal Access Legal and Mediation Services (CALMS), aimed at helping citizens identify historic rights of way to the shoreline that had been forgotten or unused, and that could provide public access to beaches.

James Smith, a plumberturnedbeach activist in Plymouth, applied to the program for help after private waterfront owners hassled him for parking near a shoreline access point in the Cedarville section of Plymouth.

I got tired of people telling me I didn't belong down there when I'd go down there to go fishing, and threats of having my vehicle towed, said Smith.

After years of researching historic deeds, Smith said he unearthed proof that Plymouth had a right of way to the beach. But even with a pro bono attorney assigned by the state mediation program, he couldnt get Plymouth leaders to pursue the case.

Vining cant remember the program yielding any real progress. A coastal access conference at the State House held in the early summer of 1999 also gained little traction. And when Vining left for a new job, the state never rehired for the post of coastal access planner.

The states most recent initiative to address beach access came in 2017 when the Office of Coastal Zone Management launched an online beach locator: an interactive map of the Massachusetts coast dotted with hundreds of colorful beach umbrellas.

But the guide leaves it up to users to figure out which of those beaches are truly public.

CZM makes no representations or warranties with respect to the definitiveness of the private or public ownership data presented in Coast Guide Online, the agency wrote to GBH News. All issues related to questions of ownership of coastal property should be investigated at the local Registry of Deeds.

And the state clearly isnt making an effort to promote the site. Over the last two years, traffic on the website averaged just seven views a day, according to documents obtained by GBH News.

Public beaches, but no public parking

Despite state surveys of residents in 2012 and 2017 showing a high demand for more beaches, the state has not acquired any new recreational beach properties since the late 1980s.

What the state has done is invest millions of taxpayer dollars into town-owned beaches, many of which are kept entirely or mostly off-limits to the general public through a system of beach stickers and exclusionary parking ordinances that make a day at the beach difficult or expensive for visitors to enjoy. Marshfield alone received a state grant of about $2 million to build a new seawall in 2015 at Sunrise Beach in a storm-prone section of town, where the nearest parking for nonresidents is just under a mile away.

Its an ironic circumstance of people wanting state money, but not wanting taxpayers to actually come and be able to benefit from their investment."

Critics say this exclusionary system is inherently unfair.

The difficulty of getting out to the beaches that are public through these local restrictions is a statewide issue, said Peter Shelley, senior counsel at the Conservation Law Foundation in Boston. You're not allowed to park, and that's the way they defeat the public's ability, from a practical standpoint, to get out onto a beach that they otherwise would have every right to be on.

Coastal towns own more than 35% of the publicly owned beach frontage in Massachusetts, according to the 1990 state inventory, and many towns are making it harder to access those beaches. In recent years, towns including Plymouth, Hull and Manchester-By-The-Sea have further restricted or banned nonresident parking near their shores.

Shelley says the state should make public beach access a requirement for communities seeking state money to make their beaches more resistant to climate change.

Its an ironic circumstance of people wanting state money, but not wanting taxpayers to actually come and be able to benefit from their investment, Shelley said. If you're coming to the public well, to ask for money for your beach, then I think a reasonable quid pro quo for that ought to be: Enhance public access.

Rep. Fernandes agrees, saying beach towns that arent letting all members of the public have access to their beaches should not receive any state funds for those recreation areas.

We should not be spending a single dollar of taxpayer money on refurbishing beaches, on hardening surfaces, on doing anything coastal, unless the public has full access to those areas, Fernandes said.

The Executive Office of Energy and Environmental Affairs claims it is already evaluating grant applications based partly on enhancing public access, but state spending data show several towns receiving funds for coastal resilience despite limiting beach access to only residents or vacationers renting in their town:

Chris Burrell / GBH News

For people who dont live in coastal towns or pay the high cost of summer vacation rentals, these policies generally mean the beaches are off limits.

Given the disparate access, some minorities and lower-income residents in the state might not even bother trying to get to ocean beaches, according to a 2012 survey cited in the Massachusetts Comprehensive Outdoor Recreation Plan.

Higher income households and white, non-Hispanic households use the coast more frequently, the report said.

And on beaches that are easily accessible for diverse, urban communities, pollution sometimes creates another barrier. Public beaches in Dorchester, Quincy and Lynn were each closed more than a dozen days in 2020.

Kings Beach, which straddles Lynn and Swampscott, is a gorgeous crescent of beach but frequently fails bacteria testing because of long-standing sewer pipe problems that allow pungent sewage to discharge from stormwater drains onto the beach after heavy storms.

Last August, Guy Zaccardi was out for a walk overlooking Kings Beach, where red warning flags flapped in the wind.

We don't have a yard. This was our yard and nowadays we can't even come down the trash, the pollution, not being able to go into the water. It's all been very detrimental, said Zaccardi, who lives in Swampscott just a couple blocks from the beach.

Just south in Revere, Jacqueline Chavez said her citys well-known public beach suffers from a stigma of being too dirty for swimming.

I talked to people: Why don't you go in the water? said Chavez, who moved to Massachusetts from Miami. And theres this negative connotation [that] you don't swim in Revere. And it's like, Oh, I swam in Revere and there was a syringe in the water and theres broken glass.

Chavez is calling for improvements on Revere Beach, including better language access on public signage for people with limited English language abilities.

Chris Burrell / GBH News

For non-residents who do try to make a day at the shore, just getting on a beach often requires scrambling for a parking space at one of the select few public ocean beaches under state, federal or nonprofit ownership.

The state-owned Lynn-Nahant Reservation beach, which is 1.5 miles long, has a parking lot with 950 spaces and every one of those spots is in high demand come summertime.

On a hot day, the lot fills up by 10 a.m. said a worker collecting $10 entrance fees or checking for annual passes last August.

That forces people like Hilary Dawson and her husband, Carlos Funes, from Arlington, to race to beat the crowds.

You usually have to kind of leave at the crack of dawn. Would you say, Carlos, like the latest you can leave is probably by seven? Dawson, a schoolteacher, said to her husband, who is a chef. They made it to the Lynn-Nahant beach with their 6-year-old daughter on a Wednesday in late August.

But why this beach?

We used to go to Gloucester, said Dawson. Wingarsheek, Good Harbor and all that. But that's gotten really expensive, like 25, 30 bucks to park.

GBH News interns Emma Foehringer Merchant and Hannah Green contributed reporting to this story.

Do you have a personal story about confronting barriers at the beach? We'd love to hear from you. Email us at investigations@wgbh.org.

This story was updated to correct the location of Sunrise Beach in Marshfield.

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Barriers at the Beach: State law and town rules keep most of Mass. shoreline off-limits - GBH News

Decades-old ASCII adventure NetHack may hint at the future of AI – TechCrunch

Machine learning models have already mastered Chess, Go, Atari gamesand more, but in order for it to ascend to the next level, researchers at Facebook intend for AI to take on a different kind of game: the notoriously difficult and infinitely complex NetHack.

We wanted to construct what we think is the most accessible grand challenge with this game. It wont solve AI, but it will unlock pathways towards better AI, said Facebook AI Researchs Edward Grefenstette. Games are a good domain to find our assumptions about what makes machines intelligent and break them.

You may not be familiar with NetHack, but its one of the most influential games of all time. Youre an adventurer in a fantasy world, delving through the increasingly dangerous depths of a dungeon thats different every time. You must battle monsters, navigate traps and other hazards, and meanwhile stay on good terms with your god. Its the first roguelike (after Rogue, its immediate and much simpler predecessor) and arguably still the best almost certainly the hardest.

(Its free, by the way, and you can download and play it on nearly any platform.)

Its simple ASCII graphics, using a g for a goblin, an @ for the player, lines and dots for the levels architecture, and so on, belie its incredible complexity. Because Nethack, which made its debut in 1987, has been under active development ever since, with its shifting team of developers expanding its roster of objects and creatures, rules, and the countless, countless interactions between them all.

And this is part of what makes NetHack such a difficult and interesting challenge for AI: Its so open-ended. Not only is the world different every time, but every object and creature can interact in new ways, most of them hand-coded over decades to cover every possible player choice.

NetHack with a tile-based graphics update all the information is still available via text.

Atari, Dota 2, StarCraft 2 the solutions weve had to make progress there are very interesting. NetHack just presents different challenges. You have to rely on human knowledge to play the game as a human, said Grefenstette.

In these other games, theres a more or less obvious strategy to winning. Of course its more complex in a game like Dota 2 than in an Atari 800 game, but the idea is the same there are pieces the player controls, a game board of environment, and win conditions to pursue. Thats kind of the case in NetHack, but its weirder than that. For one thing, the game is different every time, and not just in the details.

New dungeon, new world, new monsters and items, you dont have a save point. If you make a mistake and die you dont get a second shot. Its a bit like real life, said Grefenstette. You have to learn from mistakes and come to new situations armed with that knowledge.

Drinking a corrosive potion is a bad idea, of course, but what about throwing it at a monster? Coating your weapon with it? Pouring it on the lock of a treasure chest? Diluting it with water? We have intuitive ideas about these actions, but a game-playing AI doesnt think the way we do.

The depth and complexity of the systems in NetHack are difficult to explain, but that diversity and difficulty make the game a perfect candidate for a competition, according to Grefenstette. You have to rely on human knowledge to play the game, he said.

People have been designing bots to play NetHack for many years that rely not on neural networks but decision trees as complex as the game itself. The team at Facebook Research hopes to engender a new approach by building a training environment that people can test machine learning-based game-playing algorithms on.

NetHack screens with labels showing what the AI is aware of.

The NetHack Learning Environment was actually put together last year, but the NetHack Challenge is only just now getting started. The NLE is basically a version of the game embedded in a dedicated computing environment that lets an AI interact with it through text commands (directions, actions like attack or quaff)

Its a tempting target for ambitious AI designers. While games like StarCraft 2 may enjoy a higher profile in some ways, NetHack is legendary and the idea of building a model on completely different lines from those used to dominate other games is an interesting challenge.

Its also, as Grefenstette explained, a more accessible one than many in the past. If you wanted to build an AI for StarCraft 2, you needed a lot of computing power available to run visual recognition engines on the imagery from the game. But in this case the entire game is transmitted via text, making it extremely efficient to work with. It can be played thousands of times faster than any human could with even the most basic computing setup. That leaves the challenge wide open to individuals and groups who dont have access to the kind of high-power setups necessary to power other machine learning methods.

We wanted to create a research environment that had a lot of challenges for the AI community, but not restrict it to only large academic labs, he said.

For the next few months, NLE will be available for people to test on, and competitors can basically build their bot or AI by whatever means they choose. But when the competition itself starts in earnest on October 15, theyll be limited to interacting with the game in its controlled environment through standard commands no special access, no inspecting RAM, etc.

The goal of the competition will be to complete the game, and the Facebook team will track how many times the agent ascends, as its called in NetHack, in a set amount of time. But were assuming this is going to be zero for everyone, Grefenstette admitted. After all, this is one of the hardest games ever made, and even humans who have played it for years have trouble winning even once in a lifetime, let alone several times in a row. There will be other scoring metrics to judge winners in a number of categories.

The hope is that this challenge provides the seed of a new approach to AI, one that more fundamentally resembles actual human thinking. Shortcuts, trial and error, score-hacking, and zerging wont work here the agent needs to learn systems of logic and apply them flexibly and intelligently, or die horribly at the hands of an enraged centaur or owlbear.

You can check out the rules and other specifics of the NetHack Challenge here. Results will be announced at the NeurIPS conference later this year.

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Decades-old ASCII adventure NetHack may hint at the future of AI - TechCrunch

Science-fiction master Ted Chiang explores the rights and wrongs of AI – GeekWire

The story of Ted Chiangs life includes stints as a technical writer in the Seattle area and worldwide acclaim as a science-fiction writer. (Alan Berner Photo via Knopf Doubleday Publicity)

What rights does a robot have? If our machines become intelligent in the science-fiction way, thats likely to become a complicated question and the humans who nurture those robots just might take their side.

Ted Chiang, a science-fiction author of growing renown with long-lasting connections to Seattles tech community, doesnt back away from such questions. They spark the thought experiments that generate award-winning novellas like The Lifecycle of Software Objects, and inspire Hollywood movies like Arrival.

Chiangs soulful short stories have earned him kudos from the likes of The New Yorker, which has called him one of the most influential science-fiction writers of his generation. During this years pandemic-plagued summer, he joined the Museum of Pop Cultures Science Fiction and Fantasy Hall of Fame. And this week, hes receiving an award from the Arthur C. Clarke Foundation for employing imagination in service to society.

Can science fiction have an impact in the real world, even at times when the world seems as if its in the midst of a slow-moving disaster movie?

Absolutely, Chiang says.

Art is one way to make sense of a world which, on its own, does not make sense, he says in the latest episode of the Fiction Science podcast, which focuses on the intersection between science and fiction. Art can impose a kind of order onto things. It doesnt offer a cure-all, because I dont think theres going to be any easy cure-all, but I think art helps us get by in these stressful times.

COVID-19 provides one illustration. Chiang would argue that our response to the coronavirus pandemic has been problematic in part because it doesnt match what weve seen in sci-fi movies.

The greatest conflict that we see generated is from people who dont believe in it vs. everyone else, he said. That might be the product of the fact that it is not as severe. If it looked like various movie pandemics, itd probably be hard for anyone to deny that it was happening.

This pandemic may well spark a new kind of sci-fi theme.

Its worth thinking about, that traditional depictions of pandemics dont spend much time on people coming together and trying to support each other, Chiang said. That is not typically a theme in stories about disaster or enormous crisis. I guess the narrative is usually, Its the end of civilization. And people have not turned on each other in that way.

Artificial intelligence is another field where science fiction often gives people the wrong idea. When we talk about AI in science fiction, were talking about something very different than what we mean when we say AI in the context of current technology, he said.

Chiang isnt speaking here merely as an author of short stories, but as someone who joined the Seattle tech community three decades ago to work at Microsoft as a technical writer. During his first days in Seattle, his participation in 1989s Clarion West Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers Workshop helped launch his second career as a fiction writer.

In our interview, Chiang didnt want to say much about the technical-writing side of his career, but his expertise showed through in our discussion about real vs. sci-fi AI. When people talk about AI in the real world theyre talking about a certain type of software that is usually like a superpowered version of applied statistics, he said.

Thats a far cry from the software-enhanced supervillains of movies like Terminator or The Matrix, or the somewhat more sympathetic characters in shows like Westworld and Humans.

In Chiangs view, most depictions of sci-fi AI fall short even by science-fiction standards. A lot of stories imagine something which is a product like a robot that comes in a box, and you flip it on, and suddenly you have a butler a perfectly competent and loyal and obedient butler, he noted. That, I think jumps over all these steps, because butlers dont just happen.

In The Lifecycle of Software Objects, Chiang imagines a world in which it takes just as long to raise a robot as it does to raise a child. That thought experiment sparks all kinds of interesting all-too-human questions: What if the people who raise such robots want them to be something more than butlers? Would they stand by and let their sci-fi robot progeny be treated like slaves, even like sex slaves?

Maybe they want that robot, or conscious software, to have some kind of autonomy, Chiang said. To have a good life.

Chiangs latest collection of short stories, Exhalation, extends those kinds of thought experiments to science-fiction standbys ranging from free will to the search for extraterrestrial intelligence.

Both those subjects come into play in whats certainly Chiangs best-known novella, Story of Your Life, which was first published in 1998 and adapted to produce the screenplay for Arrival in 2016. Like so many of Chiangs other stories, Story of Your Life takes an oft-used science-fiction trope in this case, first contact with intelligent aliens and adds an unexpected but insightful and heart-rending twist.

Chiang said that the success of the novella and the movie hasnt led to particularly dramatic changes in the story of his own life, but that it has broadened the audience for the kinds of stories he tells.

My work has been read by people who would not describe themselves as science-fiction readers, by people who dont usually read a lot of science fiction, and thats been amazing. Thats been really gratifying, he said. Its not something that I ever really expected.

Whats more, Chiangs work has been popping up in places where you wouldnt expect to see science fiction such as The New York Times, where he weighs in on the implications of human gene editing; or Buzzfeed News, where he reflects on the downside of Silicon Valleys world view; or the journal Nature, where you can find Chiangs thought experiments on free will and transhumanism; or Nautilus, where Chiang offers an unorthodox perspective on SETI.

During our podcast chat, Chiang indulged in yet another thought experiment: Could AI replace science-fiction writers?

Chiangs answer? It depends.

If we could get software-generated novels that were coherent, but not necessarily particularly good, I think there would be a market for them, he said.

But Chiang doesnt think that would doom human authors.

For an AI to generate a novel that you think of as really good, that you feel like, Oh, wow, this novel was both gripping and caused me to think about my life in a new way that, I think, is going to be very, very hard, he said.

Ted Chiang only makes it look easy.

Chiang and other Arthur C. Clarke Foundation awardees will take part in the 2020 Clarke Conversation on Imagination at 9 a.m. PT Nov. 12. Register via the foundations website and Eventbrite to get in on the interactive video event.

This is a version of an article first published on Cosmic Log. Check out the Cosmic Log posting for Ted Chiangs reading recommendations, which are this months selections for the Cosmic Log Used Book Club.

My co-host for the Fiction Science podcast is Dominica Phetteplace, an award-winning writerwho is a graduate of theClarion West Writers Workshopand currently lives in Berkeley, Calif. Shes among the science-fiction authors featured inThe Best Science Fiction of the Year. To learn more about Phetteplace, check out her website,DominicaPhetteplace.com.

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Science-fiction master Ted Chiang explores the rights and wrongs of AI - GeekWire

New AI diagnostic tool knows when to defer to a human, MIT researchers say – Healthcare IT News

Machine learning researchers at MIT's Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Lab, or CSAIL, have developed a new AI diagnostic system they say can do two things: make a decision or diagnosis based on its digital findings or, crucially, recognize its own limitations and turn to a carbon-based lifeform who might make a more informed decision.

WHY IT MATTERSThe technology, as it learns, can also adapt how often it might defer to human clinicians, according to CSAIL, based on their availability and levels of experience.

"Machine learning systems are now being deployed in settings to [complement] human decision makers," write CSAIL researchers Hussein Mozannar and David Sontagin a new paperrecently presented at the International Conference of Machine Learningthat touches, not just on clinical applications of AI, but also on areas such as content moderation with social media sites such as Facebook or YouTube.

HIMSS20 Digital

"These models are either used as a tool to help the downstream human decision maker with judges relying on algorithmic risk assessment tools and risk scores being used in the ICU, or instead these learning models are solely used to make the final prediction on a selected subset of examples."

In healthcare, they point out, "deep neural networks can outperform radiologists in detecting pneumonia from chest X-rays, however, many obstacles are limiting complete automation, an intermediate step to automating this task will be the use of models as triage tools to complement radiologist expertise.

"Our focus in this work is to give theoretically sound approaches for machine learning models that can either predict or defer the decision to a downstream expert to complement and augment their capabilities."

THE LARGER TRENDAmong the tasks the machine learning system was trained on was the ability to assess chest X-rays to potentially diagnose conditions such as lung collapse (atelectasis) and enlarged heart (cardiomegaly).

Importantly, the system was developed with two parts, according to MIT researchers: a so-called "classifier," designed to predict a certain subset of tasks, and a "rejector" that decides whether a specific task should be handled by either its own classifier or ahuman expert.

The team performed experiments focused on medical diagnosis and text/image classification, the team showed that their approach not only achieves better accuracy than baselines, but does so with a lower computational cost and with far fewer training data samples.

While researchers say they haven't yet tested the system with human experts, they did develop"synthetic experts" to enable them to tweak parameters such as experience and availability.

They note that for the machine learning program to work with a new human expert, the algorithm would "need some minimal onboarding to get trained on the person's particular strengths and weaknesses."

Interestingly, in the case of cardiomegaly, researchers found that a human-AI hybrid model performed 8% percent better than either could on its own.

Going forward, Mozannar and Sontag plan to study how the tool works with human experts such as radiologists. They also hope to learn more about how it will process biased expert data, and work with several experts at once.

ON THE RECORD"In medical environments where doctors don't have many extra cycles, it's not the best use of their time to have them look at every single data point from a given patient's file," said Mozannar, in a statement. "In that sort of scenario, it's important for the system to be especially sensitive to their time and only ask for their help when absolutely necessary."

"Our algorithms allow you to optimize for whatever choice you want, whether that's the specific prediction accuracy or the cost of the expert's time and effort," added Sontag. "Moreover, by interpreting the learned rejector, the system provides insights into how experts make decisions, and in which settings AI may be more appropriate, or vice-versa."

"There are many obstacles that understandably prohibit full automation in clinical settings, including issues of trust and accountability," says Sontag. "We hope that our method will inspire machine learning practitioners to get more creative in integrating real-time human expertise into their algorithms."

Twitter:@MikeMiliardHITNEmail the writer:mike.miliard@himssmedia.com

Healthcare IT News is a publication of HIMSS Media.

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New AI diagnostic tool knows when to defer to a human, MIT researchers say - Healthcare IT News

Infervision Receives FDA Clearance for the InferRead Lung CT.AI – Imaging Technology News

July 10, 2020Infervision announced U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) 510(K) clearance of the InferRead Lung CT.AI product, which uses the state-of-the-art artificial intelligence and deep learning technology to automatically perform lung segmentation, along with accurately identifying and labeling nodules of different types. InferRead Lung CT.AI is designed to support concurrent reading and can aid radiologists in pulmonary nodule detection during the review of chest computed tomography (CT) scans, increasing accuracy and efficiency. With five years of international clinical use, Infervision's InferRead Lung CT.AI application is a robust and powerful tool to assist the radiologist.

InferRead Lung CT.AI is currently in use at over 380 hospitals and imaging centers globally. More than 55,000 cases daily are being processed by the system and over 19 million patients have already benefited from this advanced AI technology. "Fast, workflow friendly, and accurate are the three key areas we have emphasized during product development. We're very excited to be able to make our InferRead Lung CT.AI solution available to the North American market. Our clients tell us it has great potential to help provide improved outcomes for providers and patients alike," saidMatt Deng, Ph.D., Director of Infervision North America. The Company offers the system under a number of pricing models to make it easy to acquire.

The company predicts the system may also be of great benefit to lung cancer screening (LCS) programs across the nation. Lung cancer is the second most common cancer in both men and women in the U.S. Survival rates are 60% in five years if discovered at an early stage. However, the survival rate is lower than 10% if the disease progresses to later stages without timely follow-up and treatment. The Lung Cancer Screening program has been designed to encourage the early diagnosis and treatment of the high-risk population meeting certain criteria. The screening process involves Low-dose CT (LDCT) scans to determine any presence of lung nodules or early-stage lung disease. However small nodules can be very difficult to detect and missed diagnoses are not uncommon.

"The tremendous potential for lung cancer screening to reduce mortality in the U.S. is very much unrealized due to a combination of reasons. Based on our experience reviewing the algorithm for the past several months and my observations of its extensive use and testing internationally, I believe that Infervision's InferRead Lung CT.AI application can serve as a robust lung nodule "spell-checker" with the potential to improve diagnostic accuracy, reduce reading times, and integrate with the image review workflow," saidEliot Siegel, M.D., Professor and Vice Chair of research information systems in radiology at theUniversity of Maryland School of Medicine.

InferRead Lung CT.AI is now FDA cleared, and has also received the CE mark inEurope. "This is the first FDA clearance for our deep-learning-based chest CT algorithm and it will lead the way to better integration of advanced A.I. solutions to help the healthcare clinical workflow in the region," according to Deng. "This marks a great start in the North American market, and we are expecting to provide more high-performance AI tools in the near future."

For more information:global.infervision.com

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Infervision Receives FDA Clearance for the InferRead Lung CT.AI - Imaging Technology News

Lost your job due to coronavirus? Artificial intelligence could be your best friend in finding a new one – The Conversation US

Millions of Americans are unemployed and looking for work. Hiring continues, but theres far more demand for jobs than supply.

As scholars of human resources and management, we believe artificial intelligence could be a boon for job seekers who need an edge in a tight labor market like todays.

Whats more, our research suggests it can make the whole process of finding and changing jobs much less painful, more effective and potentially more lucrative.

Over the last three years, weve intensely studied the role of AI in recruiting. This research shows that job candidates are positively inclined to use AI in the recruiting process and find it more convenient than traditional analog approaches.

Although companies have been using AI in hiring for a few years, job applicants have only recently begun to discover the power of artificial intelligence to help them in their search.

In the old days, if you wanted to see what jobs were out there, you had to go on a job board like Monster.com, type in some keywords, and then get back hundreds or even thousands of open positions, depending on the keywords you used. Sorting through them all was a pain.

Today, with AI and companies like Eightfold, Skillroads and Fortay, it is less about job search and more about matchmaking. You answer a few questions about your capabilities and preferences and provide a link to your LinkedIn or other profiles. AI systems that have already logged not just open jobs but also analyzed the companies behind the openings based on things like reputation, culture and performance then produce match reports showing the best fits for you in terms of job and company.

Typically, there is an overall match score expressed as a percentage from 0% to 100% for each job. In many cases the report will even tell you which skills or capabilities you lack or have not included and how much their inclusion would increase your match score. The intent is to help you spend your time on opportunities that are more likely to result in your getting hired and being happy with the job and company after the hire.

Usually, when you look for a job, you apply to lots of openings and companies at the same time. That means two choices: save time by sending each one a mostly generic resume, with minor tweaks for each, or take the time and effort to adjust and tailor your resume to better fit specific jobs.

Today, AI tools can help customize your resume and cover letter for you. They can tell you what capabilities you might want to add to your resume, show how such additions would influence your chances of being hired and even rewrite your resume to better fit a specific job or company. They can also analyze you, the job and the company and craft a customized cover letter.

While researchers have not yet systemically examined the quality of human- versus AI-crafted cover letters, the AI-generated samples weve reviewed are difficult to distinguish from the ones weve seen MBA graduates write for themselves over the last 30 years as professors. Try it for yourself.

Granted, for lots of lower-level jobs, cover letters are relics of the past. But for higher-level jobs, they are still used as an important screening mechanism.

Negotiations over compensation are another thorny issue in the job search.

Traditionally, applicants have been at a distinct informational disadvantage, making it harder to negotiate for the salary they may deserve based on what others earn for similar work. Now AI-enabled reports from PayScale.com, Salary.com, LinkedIn Salary and others provide salary and total compensation reports tailored to job title, education, experience, location and other factors. The data comes from company reported numbers, government statistics and self-reported compensation.

For self-reported data, the best sites conduct statistical tests to ensure the validity and accuracy of the data. This is only possible with large databases and serious number crunching abilities. PayScale.com, for example, has over 54 million respondents in its database and surveys more than 150,000 people per month to keep its reports up-to-date and its database growing.

Although no academics have yet tested if these reports result in better compensation packages than in the old days, research has long established that negotiating in general gets candidates better compensation offers, and that more information in that process is better than less.

[Deep knowledge, daily. Sign up for The Conversations newsletter.]

Use of these tools is growing, especially among young people.

A survey we conducted in 2018 found that half of employed workers aged 18 to 36 said that they were likely or highly likely to use AI tools in the job search and application process. And 64% of these respondents felt that AI-enabled tools were more convenient.

Most of the research on the use of AI in the hiring process including our own has focused on recruitment, however, and the use of the technology is expected to double over the next two years. Weve found it to be effective for companies, so it seems logical that it can be very useful for job candidates as well. In fact, at least US$2 billion in investments are fueling human resources startups aimed at using AI to help job candidates, according to our analysis of Crunchbase business data.

While more research is needed to determine exactly how effective these AI-enabled tools actually are, Americans who lost their jobs due to the coronavirus could use all the help they can get.

Read the rest here:

Lost your job due to coronavirus? Artificial intelligence could be your best friend in finding a new one - The Conversation US

AI-Generated Halloween Music Is a Cool Idea, But it Sounds Awful

Happy Halloween

The soundtrack to the 1960 Alfred Hitchcock thriller Psycho is iconic — remember the shower scene? But when an AI reinterprets its shrieking, staccato theme, it’s stripped of almost all its creepiness.

Or that’s at least what happened when MIT researchers ran a number of famous horror movie melodies through an algorithm. AI-Generated Halloween music just isn’t that scary.

Mix Tape

As part of the “Uncanny Musicbox,” the researchers fed short clips from famous soundtracks — from Psycho to The Exorcist — into an AI that’s trained to generate more spooky music on its own.

“The goal behind this project is to learn what makes a music sound scary, and develop an AI that generates personalized scary music,” wrote Pinar Yanardag, Postdoctoral Associate at MIT Media Lab, in an email to Futurism.

Wrong Way

The only problem: the music lacks emotional impact. It sounds more like a middle school music class project than a fully featured pop album composed and produced by an AI. Will Danny Elfman and Bernard Hermann be out of a job tomorrow? Unlikely.

But it’s a cool idea that shows off creative uses for AI. It just doesn’t inspire a sense of looming dread.

Read More: Get in the Halloween Spirit with This AI-Generated Spooky Music [Motherboard]

More on AI-generated music: The World’s First Album Composed and Produced by an AI Has Been Unveiled

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AI-Generated Halloween Music Is a Cool Idea, But it Sounds Awful

HPE Powers the University of EIDF With Software, HPC and AI solutions – AiThority

Europes first new region-wide data innovation facility will offer R&D resources to unlock regional economic growth across science, healthcare and more using solutions powered by HPE Ezmeral Container Platform, HPE Apollo Systems and HPE Superdome Flex Servers

Hewlett Packard Enterprise (HPE) announced that it has been chosen to power the Edinburgh International Data Facility(EIDF), Europes first regional data innovation center at the University of EdinburghEPCCin Scotland. HPE will deliver an end-to-end infrastructure featuring its industry-leading high-performance computing (HPC) and artificial intelligence (AI) solutions powered by HPE Apollo Systems and HPE Superdome Flex Servers, as well asHPE Ezmeral Container Platformsoftware capabilities.

The deal, which has an expected value of more than US $125 million over 10 years, will help 1,000 public, private and non-profit organizations to develop products and services using R&D and other data-driven programs, with a long-term vision to establish the Edinburgh region as the Data Capital of Europe.

As a hub for innovation, the EIDF will enable R&D on initiatives focused on addressing global issues such as food production, climate change, space exploration and genetically-tailored healthcare. The EIDF will offer researchers access to HPC and AI technologies to apply analytics to modeling and simulation to increase accuracy of results and speed time-to-discovery.

Recommended AI News:Driven, Inc. Becomes Member Of Brainspaces Exclusive Global Partner Program

The EIDF will also improve overall insights by allowing users to securely access shared datasets and analytics from public and private sources.

The EIDF will play a critical role in the regionsData Driven Innovation (DDI) program, which involves greater collaboration between industry, the public sector and academia. The new facility will power five DDI hub sites with vital infrastructure to meet complex long-term project demands. The DDI program was pioneered by the University of Edinburgh, along with Herriot Watt University, to tackle societal and industrial challenges and deliver benefits from the data economy, while improving the digital and data skills of over 100,000 people from across the region.

We are pleased to be working with HPE to deliver what we believe is the only facility of its kind in Europe focused specifically on data-driven regional growth,said Mark Parsons, Director of EPCC at the University of Edinburgh.With the Edinburgh International Data Facility, we are combining computing and data resources to create a facility that will allow organizations to use data to innovate throughout their organizations. HPE is uniquely positioned to provide the spectrum of infrastructure and services, as well as the flexibility that this project demands.

To support its mission, EIDF turned to HPE to uniquely deliver an end-to-end infrastructure that seamlessly combines advanced HPC, AI, container, and software technologies into a single framework to enable collaborative, optimal experiences across broad groups of users.

Recommended AI News:4G Wireless Transformed Americas Economy, New Study Shows

As AI and ML practices are becoming integral to scientific research and engineering, managing AI workloads and applications at scale is a critical requirement for EIDF. In order to address these requirements, EIDF is deploying theHPE Ezmeral Container Platformrunning on HPE Apollo Systems that are purpose-built to support HPC, deep learning and other data-intensive workloads. Additionally, the platform will also run HPE Superdome Flex Servers to support applications requiring large in-memory processing.

The HPE Ezmeral Container Platform provides native Kubernetes support and enables self-service AI/ML applications for EIDF scientists, with flexible use of accelerators such as GPUs. It will also allow developers to standardize machine learning workflows and accelerate AI deployments from months to days with the HPE Ezmeral ML Ops solution. The solution enables developers to streamline and speed up the entire machine learning model lifecycle from proof-of-concept and pilot stages, all the way through deployment, using a DevOps-like process to standardize models.

It also includes pre-integrated persistent data storage in the form of theHPE Ezmeral Data Fabricfile system, for high-performance and high-throughput advanced analytics. This allows EIDF scientists to easily access the data they need in a secure multitenant and collaborative manner, accelerate the deployment of machine learning workloads and models, and get to insights faster.

Recommended AI News:Scalyr Announces Industrys First Event Data Cloud

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HPE Powers the University of EIDF With Software, HPC and AI solutions - AiThority

Announcing the second annual VentureBeat AI Innovation Awards at Transform 2020 – VentureBeat

Take the latest VB Survey to share how your company is implementing AI today.

The past year has seen remarkable change. As innovation in the field of AI and real-world applications of its constituent technologies such as machine learning, natural language processing, and computer vision continue to grow, so has an understanding of their social impacts.

At our AI-focused Transform 2020 event, taking place July 15-17 entirely online, VentureBeat will recognize and award emergent, compelling, and influential work in AI through our second annual VB AI Innovation Awards.

Drawn both from our daily editorial coverage and the expertise, knowledge, and experience of our nominating committee members, these awards give us a chance to shine a light on the people and companies making an impact in AI.

Our nominating committee includes:

Claire Delaunay, Vice President of Engineering, Nvidia

Claire Delaunay is vice president of engineering at Nvidia, where she is responsible for the Isaac robotics initiative and leads a team to bring Isaac to market for use by roboticists and developers around the world.

Prior to joining Nvidia, Delaunay was the director of engineering at Uber, after it acquired Otto, a startup she cofounded. She was also the robotics program lead at Google and founded two other companies, Botiful and Robotics Valley.

Delaunay has 15 years of experience in robotics and autonomous vehicles leading teams ranging from startups and research labs to Fortune 500 companies. Sheholds a Master of Science in computer engineering from cole Prive des Sciences Informatiques (EPSI).

Asli Celikyilmaz, Principal Researcher, Microsoft Research

Asli Celikyilmaz is a principal researcher at Microsoft Research (MSR) in Redmond, Washington. She is also an affiliate professor at the University of Washington. She received her Ph.D. in information science from the University of Toronto, Canada, and continued her postdoc study in the Computer Science Department at the University of California, Berkeley.

Her research interests are mainly in deep learning and natural language (specifically language generation with long-term coherence), language understanding, language grounding with vision, and building intelligent agents for human-computer interaction. She serves on the editorial boards of Transactions of the ACL (TACL) as area editor and Open Journal of Signal Processing (OJSP) as associate editor. She has received several best of awards, including at NAFIPS 2007, Semantic Computing 2009, and CVPR 2019.

The award categories are:

Natural Language Processing/Understanding Innovation

Natural language processing and understanding have only continued to grow in importance, and new advancements, new models, and more use cases continue to emerge.

Business Application Innovation

The field of AI is rife with new ideas and compelling research, developed at a blistering pace, but its the practical applications of AI that matter to people right now, whether thats RPA to reduce human toil, streamlined processes, more intelligent software and services, or other solutions to real-world work and life problems.

Computer Vision Innovation

Computer vision is an exciting subfield of AI thats at the core of applications like facial recognition, object recognition, event detection, image restoration, and scene reconstruction and thats fast becoming an inescapable part of our everyday lives.

AI for Good

This award is for AI technology, the application of AI, or advocacy or activism in the field of AI that protects or improves human lives or operates to fight injustice, improve equality, and better serve humanity.

Startup Spotlight

This award spotlights a startup that holds great promise for making an impact with its AI innovation. Nominees are selected based on their contributions and criteria befitting their category, including technological relevance, funding size, and impact in their sub-field within AI.

As we count down to the awards, well offer editorial profiles of the nominees on VentureBeats AI channel The Machine and share them across our social channels. The award ceremony will be held on the evening of July 15 to conclude the first day of Transform 2020.

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Announcing the second annual VentureBeat AI Innovation Awards at Transform 2020 - VentureBeat

Flatfile raises $7.6 million for AI that extracts and transforms spreadsheet data – VentureBeat

Flatfile, a startup developing a platform that analyzes spreadsheets using AI and machine learning, today announced that it has raised $7.6 million in equity financing. The funding coincides with the launch of Concierge, Flatfiles newest product focused on data onboarding for large enterprises, which launched in private preview earlier this year.

Enterprises regularly engage in the process of data onboarding, which entails ingesting, anonymizing, matching, and distributing a customers data. According to IDC, 80% of this data will be unstructured by 2025, meaning it will have attributes that make it challenging to search for and analyze. This is expected to contribute to the widespread problem of data-underutilization. (Forester reports that between 60% and 73% of data within an enterprise is not currently used for analytics.)

Flatfile provides products that focus on solving data onboarding dilemmas. Its Portal platform which learns over time how data from comma-separated value files, Microsoft Excel spreadsheets, and manually pasted text should be organized lets users set a target model for validation and match any incoming values. (Flatfile says it sees over 95% accuracy on initial column matches for new users.)

Portal offers a validation feature that affords control over how data is formatted and supports functions for in-line transformation, with automatic matching of imported columns. And its architected to deploy either in the cloud or on-premises, in compliance with regulations such as the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) and Europes GDPR.

As for Flatfiles Concierge service, its a no-code tool that lets developers set up data models and share and collaborate on imports without passing spreadsheets back and forth. It offers a collated view of all data imports, with details like versions, statuses, owners, and validation errors, along with an authenticated login for each collaborator and an approval flow to ensure users retain control over onboarding.

Flatfile has formidable competition in Textract, Amazons service that can automatically extract text and data from scanned documents (including those stored in tables), and Cloud Natural Language, Googles tool that applies the AI used by Google Search and Google Assistant to perform syntax, sentiment, and entity analysis on existing files. Microsoft offers its own data onboarding tool in Form Recognizer, an Azure product that grabs text, key/value pairs, tables, and more from documents.

Flatfile says that in the two years since it launched, it has transformed over 300 million rows of data and 4.5 billion data points for more than 187 companies, including ClickUp, Blackbaud, Benevity, Housecall Pro, Hubspot, and Toast. Flatfile added that revenue has increased 5 times from the beginning of the year as the number of daily end users grows to 2,000.

Flatfile is solving for the highest friction point in adopting new software, Flatfile cofounder and CEO David Boskovic told VentureBeat via email. Moving data to a new product can take months or years for many companies. Were making it possible for software companies to automate the entire process, driving growth and decreasing lead time on every deal.

Two Sigma Ventures led the seed round announced this week, with participation from previous investors, including Afore Capital, Designer Fund, and Gradient Ventures (Googles AI-focused venture fund). This round brings the Denver, Colorado-based companys total raised to $9.7 million, following a $2 million seed round in September 2019. Flatfile says it expects to expand its workforce from 14 to 30 by the end of the year.

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Flatfile raises $7.6 million for AI that extracts and transforms spreadsheet data - VentureBeat

4 Steps To Shape Your Business With AI – Forbes

While artificial intelligence (AI) has been around for many years, deployment has been picking up. Between 2017 and 2018, consulting firm McKinsey & Co. foundthe percentage of companiesembedding at least one AI capability in their business processes more than doubled to 47 percent from 20 percent the year before.

Although companies are adopting it, they often lack a clear plan: A recent IDC survey found that of the companies already using AI, only 25 percent had an enterprise-wide strategy on how to implement it.

To help navigate that challenge, heres how the four pillars of Google Clouds Deployed AI vision can reshape your business.

For AI to be deployed effectively, it must be focused on a new business problem or unrealized opportunity. To that end, there are several areas of business that the technology is well-suited to address.

One key problem is fixing aging processes, notes Ritu Jyoti, program vice president of Artificial Intelligence Strategies for research firm IDC.

Companies that have been around for a long time will have a lot of archaic processes, and they need to be upgraded, Jyoti says.

Bank fraud is one prominent example. Machine learning (ML), a subset of AI, provides an opportunity to solve this problemby helping banks sort through large amounts of bank transactions to detect suspicious patterns of financial activity.

Customer relationships is another area AI can improve. Chatbots, for example, are enhancing customer service by providing support 24/7, Jyoti says. Furthermore, companies can also use AI to develop the right incentives for customers without losing money. Firms sometimes lose income due to lapsed contracts or stuck deals in which a transaction is started but unable to be completed, Jyoti notes.

This feature helps organizations optimize early payment discount offers by using ML algorithms to find the right balance between incentivizing customers while ensuring profitability for the seller, Jyoti says.

Another business problem in which AI can help is in document processing, including insurance claims, tax returns and mortgage applications, which can involve hundreds of pages of documents on income and assets, notes Vinod Valloppillil, Googles head of product for Google Cloud Language AI, who spoke at Forbes CIO Next conference.

[Document processing] is one of the few domains that actually brings in multiple parts of AI all simultaneously, Valloppillil says. It incorporates computer vision, deep learning and natural language processing.

When deploying AI to solve a business problem, the technology should be central to that solution. Many examples across industriesincluding healthcare and energyexemplify how innovative problem-solving can hinge on AI.

The medical industry, for instance, is turning to AI to build algorithms to detect pneumonia. With genomic data bringing insights on who will be susceptible to various disease conditions, disease prevention is one area that cant be solved without AI. An AI platform can also become part of an end-to-end solution when hospitals need to connect medical data to cloud platforms.

AI can also help physicians determine whether a patient has diabetic retinopathy, Valloppillil says. An Explainable AI model would help determine if screening was necessary based on the appearance of various regions of the image.

Were getting to the point where AI can do quite a bit of engineering, Valloppillil says.Meanwhile, the energy sector has found AI to be essential to keeping wind facilities safer, faster, and more accurate, according to Andrs Gluski, president and CEO of AES, a global power company. Drones and Cloud AutoML Vision, a platform that provides advanced visual intelligence and custom ML models, make these improvements in wind energy possible.

Once youve identified the business problem and decided to use AI in the solution, the next step is building customer trust and maintaining proper ethics. In a Deloitte survey of 1,100 IT and line-of-business executives, 32 percent placed ethical risks in the top three of AI-related concerns.

To build trust, ethics should come ahead of any productivity or financial gains from using AI. A crucial part of that is being transparent about how a company uses AI.Consulting firm Capgemini recommends using opt-in forms to help build transparency with customers regarding AI. Meanwhile, privacy laws like the European Unions General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) also contribute to the transparency requirements for AI.

Jyoti also recommends including fact sheetssimilar to how food packaging includes nutrition informationabout details like data sources and lineage. A set of AI Principles from Google help businesses ensure that theyre using AI in a responsible manner and that they understand the limits of the technology. Users of AI should maintain accountability to human direction, uphold standards set by scientists and test for safety.

These are the principles we as a company orient around, things like always optimize around the fairness of AI, and try to avoid any situation where AI can get abused, Valloppillil says.

Finally, to ensure a cycle of improvement, companies should use clear, objective metrics to assess progress towards their business goals.

For example, if AI is used to assist with rsum screening in the hiring process, make sure the screening adheres to company policies on equal opportunity to maintain fairness. To form an objective metric, come up with representative numbers of candidates for various demographics and train ML algorithms accordingly.

Avoid the blinders of the homogenous teams, Jyoti says.Tools and frameworks like Explainable AI can help companies build inclusive systems that address bias, which involves the data not being representative of the decisions a business is trying to make. This makes the problem of garbage in, garbage out multiplied a hundredfold, Valloppillil says.

The concept of explainability helps provide insight into the decisions that AI helps deliver.

With explainability we're now finally getting to the point where we go peek inside the box, Valloppillil says. We actually have a shot at understanding exactly why does AI make the call.

As AI continues to evolve, there are increasing opportunities for the technology to meaningfully improve business operations. With ethical implications in mind and a clear focus on measurable metrics, Deployed AI is poised for growth.

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4 Steps To Shape Your Business With AI - Forbes

The Guardian view on artificial intelligence’s revolution: learning but not as we know it – The Guardian

Bosses dont often play down their products. Sam Altman, the CEO of artificial intelligence company OpenAI, did just that when people went gaga over his companys latest software: the Generative Pretrained Transformer 3 (GPT-3). For some, GPT-3 represented a moment in which one scientific era ends and another is born. Mr Altman rightly lowered expectations. The GPT-3 hype is way too much, he tweeted last month. Its impressive but it still has serious weaknesses and sometimes makes very silly mistakes.

OpenAIs software is spookily good at playing human, which explains the hoopla. Whether penning poetry, dabbling in philosophy or knocking out comedy scripts, the general agreement is that the GPT-3 is probably the best non-human writer ever. Given a sentence and asked to write another like it, the software can do the task flawlessly. But this is a souped up version of the auto-complete function that most email users are familiar with.

GPT-3 stands out because it has been trained on more information about 45TB worth than anything else. Because the software can remember each and every combination of words it has read, it can work out through lightning-fast trial-and-error attempts of its 175bn settings where thoughts are likely to go. Remarkably it can transfer its skills: trained as a language translator, GPT-3 worked out it could convert English to Javascript as easily as it does English to French. Its learning, but not as we know it.

But this is not intelligence or creativity. GPT-3 doesnt know what it is doing; it is unable to say how or why it has decided to complete sentences; it has no grasp of human experience; and cannot tell if it is making sense or nonsense. What GPT-3 represents is a triumph of one scientific paradigm over another. Once machines were taught to think like humans. They struggled to beat chess grandmasters. Then they began to be trained with data to, as one observer pointed out, discover like we can rather than contain what we have discovered. Grandmasters started getting beaten. These days they cannot win.

The reason is Moores law, the exponentially falling cost of number-crunching. AIs bitter lesson is that the more data that can be consumed, and the more models can be scaled up, the more a machine can emulate or surpass humans in quantitative terms. If scale truly is the solution to human-like intelligence then GPT-3 is still about 1,000 times smaller than the brains 100 trillion-plus synapses. Human beings can learn a new task by being shown how to do it only a few times. That ability to learn complex tasks from only a few examples, or no examples at all, has so far eluded machines. GPT-3 is no exception.

All this raises big questions that seldom get answered. Training GPT-3s neural nets is costly. A $1bn investment by Microsoft last year was doubtless needed to run and cool GPT-3s massive server farms. The bill for the carbon footprint a large neural net is equal to the lifetime emissions of five cars is due.

Fundamental is the regulation of a for-profit OpenAI. The company initially delayed the launch of its earlier GPT-2, with a mere 1.5bn parameters, because the company fretted over its implications. It had every reason to be concerned; such AI will emulate the racist and sexist biases of the data it swallows. In an era of deepfakes and fake news, GPT-style devices could become weapons of mass destruction: engaging and swamping political opponents with divisive disinformation. Worried? If you arent then remember that Dominic Cummings wore an OpenAI T-shirt on his first day in Downing Street.

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The Guardian view on artificial intelligence's revolution: learning but not as we know it - The Guardian

Mapping the Future of AI – Project Syndicate

BRIGHTON Artificial intelligence already plays a major role in human economies and societies, and it will play an even bigger role in the coming years. To ponder the future of AI is thus to acknowledge that the future is AI.

This will be partly owing to advances in deep learning, which uses multilayer neural networks that were first theorized in the 1980s. With todays greater computing power and storage, deep learning is now a practical possibility, and a deep-learning application gained worldwide attention in 2016 by beating the world champion in Go. Commercial enterprises and governments alike hope to adapt the technology to find useful patterns in Big Data of all kinds.

In 2011, IBMs Watson marked another AI watershed, by beating two previous champions in Jeopardy!, a game that combines general knowledge with lateral thinking. And yet another significant development is the emerging Internet of Things, which will continue to grow as more gadgets, home appliances, wearable devices, and publicly-sited sensors become connected and begin to broadcast messages around the clock. Big Brother wont be watching you; but a trillion little brothers might be.

Beyond these innovations, we can expect to see countless more examples of what were once called expert systems: AI applications that aid, or even replace, human professionals in various specialties. Similarly, robots will be able to perform tasks that could not be automated before. Already, robots can carry out virtually every role that humans once filled on a warehouse floor.

Given this trend, it is not surprising that some people foresee a point known as the Singularity, when AI systems will exceed human intelligence, by intelligently improving themselves. At that point, whether it is in 2030 or at the end of this century, the robots will truly have taken over, and AI will consign war, poverty, disease, and even death to the past.

To all of this, I say: Dream on. Artificial general intelligence (AGI) is still a pipe dream. Its simply too difficult to master. And while it may be achieved one of these days, it is certainly not in our foreseeable future.

But there are still major developments on the horizon, many of which will give us hope for the future. For example, AI can make reliable legal advice available to more people, and at a very low cost. And it can help us tackle currently incurable diseases and expand access to credible medical advice, without requiring additional medical specialists.

In other areas, we should be prudently pessimistic not to say dystopian about the future. AI has worrying implications for the military, individual privacy, and employment. Automated weapons already exist, and they could eventually be capable of autonomous target selection. As Big Data becomes more accessible to governments and multinational corporations, our personal information is being increasingly compromised. And as AI takes over more routine activities, many professionals will be deskilled and displaced. The nature of work itself will change, and we may need to consider providing a universal income, assuming there is still a sufficient tax base through which to fund it.

A different but equally troubling implication of AI is that it could become a substitute for one-on-one human contact. To take a trivial example, think about the annoyance of trying to reach a real person on the phone, only to be passed along from one automated menu to another. Sometimes, this is vexing simply because you cannot get the answer you need without the intervention of human intelligence. Or, it may be emotionally frustrating, because you are barred from expressing your feelings to a fellow human being, who would understand, and might even share your sentiments.

Other examples are less trivial, and I am particularly worried about computers being used as carers or companions for elderly people. To be sure, AI systems that are linked to the Internet and furnished with personalized apps could inform and entertain a lonely person, as well as monitor their vital signs and alert physicians or family members when necessary. Domestic robots could prove to be very useful for fetching food from the fridge and completing other household tasks. But whether an AI system can provide genuine care or companionship is another matter altogether.

Those who believe that this is possible assume that natural-language processing will be up to the task. But the task would include having emotionally-laden conversations about peoples personal memories. While an AI system might be able to recognize a limited range of emotions in someones vocabulary, intonation, pauses, or facial expressions, it will never be able to match an appropriate human response. It might say, Im sorry youre sad about that, or, What a lovely thing to have happened! But either phrase would be literally meaningless. A demented person could be comforted by such words, but at what cost to their human dignity?

The alternative, of course, is to keep humans in these roles. Rather than replacing humans, robots can be human aids. Today, many human-to-human jobs that involve physical and emotional caretaking are undervalued. Ideally, these jobs will gain more respect and remuneration in the future.

But perhaps that is wishful thinking. Ultimately, the future of AI our AI future is bright. But the brighter it becomes, the more shadows it will cast.

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Mapping the Future of AI - Project Syndicate

AI beats professional players at Super Smash Bros. video game – New Scientist

AIs latest challenge: Super Smash Bros.

REUTERS / Alamy Stock Photo

By Timothy Revell

AI has earned another victory against humans, this time in Nintendo fighting game Super Smash Bros. Melee.

A team led by Vlad Firoiu at Massachusetts Institute of Technology trained anAI to play the game using deep learning algorithms and then pitched it against ten highly-ranked players. The AI came out on top against every one of them.

Super Smash Bros. is a cult Nintendo series where players battle classic video game characters like Super Mario and Zelda. The aim is to knock out (KO) the opponent by sending them out of bounds. The Super Smash Bros. Melee game was originally released in 2001 for the Nintendo Gamecube console.

The game may not be as complex as strategy games like Go, which Google DeepMinds AlphaGo mastered in 2016, but Firoiu says it poses a different challenge for AI because you cant work out many moves in advance. You cant plan far ahead with Smash like you can with, for example, Go, he says. To add to the difficulty, the attacks you perform can be used against you by your opponent.

And unlike many video games AI has already conquered, like Pacman and Space Invaders, Super Smash Bros. is multiplayer, pitting two players against each other.

The new AI builds on previous efforts to make a Super Smash Bros. AI. A couple of years ago, security researcherDan Petrowas challenged by a friend who said it would be impossible to make an AI that could defeat him at the game. I took that as a challenge, says Petro.

Petromade a system called SmashBot based on his own experience playing the game. I directly programmed an optimum strategy into SmashBot, he says.

Firoiu and his colleagues saw Petros bot and asked if they could use his groundwork to take a Super Smash Bros.-playing AI to the next level. Petro had already built the infrastructure needed for an AI to interact with the Super Smash Bros. Melee game and control a character.

The researchers trained their AI using reinforcement learning. They first hadit fight the in-game AI, which players can battle in one-player mode, then improved it by making it play against itself.

Finally, they took the AI to two tournaments and asked professional players to try to defeat it. The AI played as the popular character Captain Falcon, partly because this character doesnt have any projectile attacks, which the AI wasnt trained to deal with. The AI won more fights than it lost against each of the 10 high-ranking players it fought, who ranked from 16th to 70th in the world.

The whole process was fast. After a couple of hours the AI was good enough to beat the in-game AI, and after a couple of weeks it could beat the top-ranking humans, says Firoiu.

Julian Togelius at the NYU Game Innovation Lab says it is not surprising that an AI has conquered Super Smash Bros. Melee, as computers excel at the fast reaction times that give players an advantage in this kind of game. Compared to other games, fighting games rely very little on long-term planning and very much on quick reactions, he says.

The AI plays with a reaction speed of around 33 milliseconds, compared to over 200 milliseconds for humans. The researchers are considering restricting the AIs reaction speed to see if they can build a system that is strategically superior when playing at human speed.

Meanwhile, the AI still has a fatal flaw that the top-ranking players didnt notice. If an opponent just crouched at the side of the stage, the AI didnt know what to do. It then killed itself, says Firoiu.

This should act as a warning for researchers trying to apply AI to unfamiliar situations, says Firoiu. If an AI encounters something that its not seen before, it can fail remarkably and spectacularly.

Journal reference: arXiv, arxiv.org/abs/1702.06230

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AI beats professional players at Super Smash Bros. video game - New Scientist