How a Bahrain-resident is spreading awareness on light pollution through her astronomy club – wknd.

Myriam Alqassabs unique initiative got her discovering the world above

By Anu Prabhakar

Published: Thu 4 Aug 2022, 7:58 PM

On December 26, 2019, an annular solar eclipse was expected to occur and Myriam Alqassab decided to organise a public event to invite people to watch it. The eclipse started at 6:15am and ended at 8am, but our activity began at 4am. I thought no one would come I didnt think people would wake up early in the morning only to observe the sun, recalls the founder of the Bahrain Stargazers Astronomy Club. Myriam arranged 20 solar glasses and about five telescopes with solar filters for what she assumed would be a small, low-key event attended by citys astronomers and members of her club. We waited on Nurana Islands with our gear and cars began to arrive. Around 100 people ended up at the event, and I had no solar glasses to give them, she says. Her excitement is palpable as she recalls how shed asked them to hurry up so that everyone could share the glasses and watch the eclipse. Thank God there was no Covid then.

As she watched the place fill up with families one senior citizen climbed up a slope to watch the eclipse through the telescope Myriam felt hopeful. It also confirmed something that she had long suspected that the city was home to a sizeable population of astronomy enthusiasts, but that they had no opportunities to indulge their interest in astronomy.

In an interview via Google Meet, Myriam talks about forming the club in Bahrain, making the stars more reachable through on-ground stargazing activities, and her recent efforts to reduce light pollution.

Discovering astronomy

When Myriam felt a little lost in life at 16, she found Galileo. She chanced upon a documentary on the Italian astronomer, on YouTube. Back then, we had very little access to the Internet you had these cards, which you inserted into your computers for 20-30 minutes of access, she says. Id bought my first card and was using my friends computer at the time. By the end of the documentary, Myriam felt there was a cosmic connection between the two. His story touched my heart and I started to read more about stars, planets and astronomy.

She worked in the hospitality industry for a few years, although her heart was not in it. It was just a job to earn money to live, she says. Then I got pregnant and stopped working to look after my child. But I realised I didnt like being at home, doing nothing. Thats not me.

Meanwhile, she noticed other countries and regions robust participation in international astronomy events. But I didnt see the Middle East anywhere, she says. I wanted to get involved and wanted local stargazers to participate not only in local activities, but in international activities as well. So in 2016, she founded the Bahrain Stargazers Astronomy Club. It was an opportunity to meet other astronomy enthusiasts in the city so that we could learn from each other.

The early days were hard, but her organisational skills, thanks to her experience in the hospitality industry, helped. I did not know where to start or what to expect. I shared a link to register via WhatsApp and we received around 300 applications. I accepted all of them and then created a WhatsApp group for the members. Gradually, those who were only curious about the club went away and today, we have around 90 active members, she says.

As the founder of an astronomy club, she wanted to polish up her knowledge on the subject so she enrolled for an astronomy course that was being taught via distance education at Liverpool John Moores University. I am currently pursuing higher studies in astronomy at the University of Central Lancashire, she adds.

Teaching the young

Since 2019, she has organised around 10 webinars for schools, with space and astronomy experts as speakers. Our international speakers are from the US, Europe and India, she says. She has also been organising regular stargazing activities for club members at Nurana Island.

And then, there are the bigger events, like eclipses, comets and other such celestial spectacles for which she tries to organise public events. For instance, this year, when Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter and Saturn aligned in the sky reportedly for the first time since 2004, Myriam spread the news through their social media accounts. People were welcome to join and use our equipment to observe the skies, she says.

They also organise workshops in collaboration with organisations like Hope Institute For Special Education and Al Kawther Society for Social Care Orphan Care. We taught the children how to use the telescope, about the solar system and Mother Earth. We want everyone to know about astronomy and have the opportunity to gaze through a telescope.

All this is funded by Myriam and the clubs devoted members a few of them also double up as volunteers. They arrange equipment like telescopes, and some members pay for papers, pens, water and utensils for our events.

Tackling light pollution

More recently, Myriam is focused on reducing light pollution in Bahrain by spreading information about it among the clubs members and then encouraging them to spread it among their friends, like gossip. When we go out to stargaze, our skies are not dark, they are orange. You cannot enjoy the stars, planets, she points out. I try my best to educate our society about how even the lights in their houses contribute to light pollution. In fact, Myriam plans to launch a free consultation service for those who would like to change their houses lights and design. I can show them the type of lights they can use, where and how to use them anything less than 1,000 kelvins is good for indoor lights and for outdoor lights, anything less than 3,000 kelvins is fine. Also, your lights should be covered by a shield, she says, adding that they had collaborated with IKEA to educate members and the public on how to choose lights.

Myriam is an International Dark Sky Association (IDA) delegate and advocate the association, which has local chapters, encourages delegates, advocates and volunteers to work with policymakers to reduce light pollution in public places. But its hard to change the system in the Middle East, which is why I am educating students right from kindergarten, because they can change the future, she says. She talks about light pollution in her webinars and also translated the IDAs brochure into Arabic and added it to the clubs social media accounts and websites. We also organise on-ground activities and teach participants to use the Globe at Night programme, where people look for stars and submit their observations through the app, she says. Globe at Night, then, puts these observations together and presents data about light pollution across the world, in the form of a map.

She is also the National Outreach Coordinator for the International Astronomical Union (IAU). My job is to provide the IAUs activities in my country and help our members participate in them, she elaborates. One of her standout memories is from the year 2020, when Myriam and the members enrolled in the International Asteroid Search Collaboration to discover asteroids in the asteroid belt. You have to stack four pictures together and put them in the software called Astrometrica to detect movement. She still remembers the surge of joy they felt when they noticed an asteroid moving. We jumped for joy and were over the moon, she smiles.

wknd@khaleejtimes.com

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In the early Universe, dark galaxies swarmed – Syfy

When you think of a galaxy, you probably picture some gorgeous, sprawling spiral-armed disk loaded with bright blue stars and pink/red clouds of gas dotted along the arms. And in truth many galaxies are like that, including our Milky Way, while others are elliptical, or irregular, or even peculiar.

The common denominator is that theyre loaded with stars, millions or billions of them, so many that from a distance they blur together into a milky glow.

But recently astronomers found some galaxies that dont look like this at all. Located billions of light-years from Earth, they seem to defy what we know about galaxy structure. Almost no starlight is seen from them, and most of the light they emit is in very long wavelengths, far outside what the human eye can see. Theyre dusty that is, they have clouds made up ofgrains of iron, rocky, or sooty (carbonaceous) material but that dust is a lot colder than youd expect for a normal galaxy.

These weird galaxies have been a mystery for a while, but now a team of astronomers thinks they have the answer: These galaxies arent just dusty, theyre choked with dust, so much that they completely block the starlight coming from inside them. In fact, these galaxies are positively bursting with star formation, but its buried so deeply in opaque dust that these galaxies are dark in the kind of light we see. If they didnt have all that dust these galaxies would be blazingly luminous [link to paper].

The galaxies were found in deep survey observations of the sky. Theyre practically invisible even when observed in the near-infrared, just outside the visible spectrum, but at progressively longer wavelengths, from mid-infrared out to radio waves, they get brighter. If these were normal galaxies with a normal amount of stars making light and warming up the dust around them, theyd be brighter at shorter wavelengths of infrared. But theyre not.

Four such galaxies were known previously. The astronomers observed six more, all very far away; their light took roughly 12 billion years to reach Earth. Typically, to measure the galaxies properties, astronomers make some basic assumptions. For example, they assume the dust in star-forming clouds is thick enough to block visible light, but lets infrared light through. Thats usually a decent assumption.

But when they did that for these 10 galaxies they get contradictions and physical properties that dont make sense. Thats usually a good sign one or more assumptions youve made is wrong. So they then changed that assumption, and redid the math assuming the dust is very, very thick; so dense that not even infrared light can get out.

And suddenly the physics started making sense.

These galaxies are absolutely jam-packed with dust, so much so that even in infrared were only seeing the surface of these clouds. Its not so much these galaxies have more dust than usual, but that theyre small, so the density of dust is far higher. Normally infrared light can escape even from deep within a dust cloud, but in this case theyre so dense theyre opaque to it.

And that in turn means that to explain the amount of light we do see, these galaxies are cranking out stars, dozens of times the rate at which the Milky Way makes them. These are true starburst galaxies, even though, bizarrely, they emit no optical light we can see. Theyre dark galaxies.

OK, so thats just objectively cool; galaxies so thick with dust they veil what theyre doing inside. But this is actually important to understand. We measure the star formation rates of galaxies in various ways, but its a great way to understand what a galaxy is doing, how much gas and dust it has, and so on. The rate at which stars are born tells us a lot about the galaxy and also what the Universe itself was doing when the light we see left that galaxy, so sometimes deep in the past.

The fact that there are galaxies prodigiously churning out stars yet have been completely overlooked because theyre dark means weve missed a big piece of the early Universe; the astronomers estimate as many as 10% of all dusty galaxies in the early Universe are so dusty theyre dark.

The next question to answer is why theyre this way. Are these examples of galaxy collisions in the early Universe? Are the stars forming there under different conditions than in the nearby Universe, such that they make more dust? With only 10 sample galaxies known this isnt clear.

What is clear is that were still learning about what the distant, early cosmos was like, and that sometimes what we want to see is hidden from us until we find a clever way to see it. In this case a big chunk of star-forming galaxies were invisible. What else is out there weve overlooked?

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Astronomers image the star-birthing web of a cosmic Tarantula Nebula – Space.com

A newly released image of 30 Doradus, also known as the Tarantula Nebula, reveals thin spider-web-like strands of gas revealing a dramatic battle between gravity and stellar energy that could give astronomers an idea of how massive stars have shaped this star-forming region and why they continue to be birthed within this molecular cloud.

The high-resolution image of the Tarantula Nebula, located 170,000 light-years from Earth is made up of data collected by Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA). Located in the Large Magellanic Cloud, a satellite galaxy of the Milky Way, the Tarantula Nebula is one of the most luminous star-forming regions in our galactic backyard. It is also one of the most active in terms of birthing new stars, some of which have masses more than 150 times that of the sun. At theits heart of the Large Magellanic Cloud lies a stellar nursery that has given rise to 800,000 stars, half a million of which are hot, young, and massive stars.

This makes the nebula a prime target for researchers who want to study star formation, and it has another unique property that makes it an exciting prospect for research study.

"What makes 30 Doradus unique is that it is close enough for us to study in detail how stars are forming, and yet its properties are similar to those found in very distant galaxies when the Universe was young," European Space Agency (ESA) scientist Guido De Marchi, a European Space Agency scientist and co-author of a paper describing the work, said in the statement. "Thanks to 30 Doradus, we can study how stars used to form 10 billion years ago, when most stars were born."

The "push and pull" researchers observed is created by the energy provided by its huge population of stars and gravity, with the former ripping gas clouds into strand-like fragments thus slowing star formation, and the latter attempting to bring gas clouds together to form stars.

These fragments may be the remains of once-larger clouds that have been shredded by the enormous energy being released by young and massive stars, a process dubbed feedback, Tony Wong, a professor from the Astronomy Department at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign said in a European Southern Observatory (ESO) press release (opens in new tab).

The findings also showed that despite intense stellar feedback, gravity is still shaping the nebulawhich is located 170,000 light-years away from Earth and next to the Milky Wayand driving the continued formation of massive stars.

This contradicts the previous consensus on such star-forming regions which has suggested that thin strands of gas as seen in the Tarantula Nebula should be too disrupted by this feedback to allow gravity to pull it together and form new stars.

"Our results imply that even in the presence of very strong feedback, gravity can exert a strong influence and lead to a continuation of star formation," Wong continued.

Given its properties, it's unsurprising that the Tarantula Nebula has been well-studied. What makes this new research different is while previous studies have mostly focused on its center the site of the densest gas and thus the most rapid star formationastronomers are aware that stars are also being formed in other regions of the nebula this team collected high-resolution observations of a large region of the Tarantula Nebula rather than focusing on its heart. With this global approach to the nebula in mind they then dived it into clumps which revealed a surprising pattern.

"We used to think of interstellar gas clouds as puffy or roundish structures, but its increasingly clear that they are string-like or filamentary," Wong said in a National Radio Astronomy Observatory (NRAO) press release (opens in new tab). "When we divided the cloud into clumps to measure differences in density we observed that the densest clumps are not randomly placed but are highly organized onto these filaments."

Focusing on the light emitted by carbon monoxide gas allowed the researchers to map the large, cold gas clouds in the Tarantula Nebula that collapse to form infant stars. They also observed how these gas clouds change as those young stars release a tremendous amount of energy.

"We were expecting to find that parts of the cloud closest to the young massive stars would show the clearest signs of gravity being overwhelmed by feedback," Wong said. (opens in new tab) "We found instead that gravity is still important in these feedback-exposed regionsat least for parts of the cloud that are sufficiently dense."

Overlaying the data collected by ALMA and an infrared image of the Tarantula Nebula showing bright stars and glowing hot gas from the Very Large Telescope and from the Infrared Survey Telescope for Astronomy (VIS (opens in new tab)TA) creates a composite image that shows the extent of its gas clouds and their distinct web-like shape.

While the teams findings give an indication of how gravity affects star-forming regions, the research is a work in progress. "There is still much more to do with this fantastic data set, and we are releasing it publicly to encourage other researchers to conduct new investigations," Wong concluded.

Future studies will also focus on the differences between the Milky Way and the Tarantula Nebula including star-formation rateswhile our galaxy steadily forms stars, the Tarantula Nebula does so in boom and bust cycles.

The research on the Tarantula Nebula was presented at the 240th meeting of the American Astronomical Society (AAS) in Pasadena, California, on June 15. The findings are also presented in a paper in The Astrophysical Journal.

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Astronomy lover, 14, plummeted from grandparents’ balcony trying ‘to watch the stars’ – Daily Star

A young astronomy-mad teenager who was visiting his grandparents fell off their balcony to his death while he was trying to see the stars.

Marcel Bruchal, 14, from Newham, East London, fell at 9.15pm on March 19, 2022, from his grandparents newly-refurbished maisonette at Sleaford House in Bow.

An ambulance was called at 9.13pm and arrived at the scene for 9.35pm finding Marcel in cardiac arrest, MyLondon reported.

READ MORE:Drivers risk 1,000 fines for cleaning car during UK hosepipe ban

Paramedics performed CPR and provided him with breathing equipment, however, efforts to resuscitate him were stopped at 10.09pm, shortly after arriving at Royal London Hospital.

Marcel attended the Oasis Academy Silvertown, in North Woolwich, where he was well-liked.

A heartbreaking statement from his grandmother, Iwona Wozniak, in the coroners report said that after a nice day eating together and playing ping pong, the family had "danced around".

"While we were dancing salsa Marcel left to go to the toilet for a while. [A family member] followed him out as he did not think he was coming back," she said.

He saw Marcel standing by the balcony and looking down. He described Marcel looking at it in a weird way."

She and Marcel then went to Tesco where Marcel was "joined at my hip", which she thought was weird at the time".

When they got back Marcel watched Jumanji and he then suggested karaoke after dinner.

"[He] went out and [another family member] said he was looking out in a weird way. I asked and he said he was looking down.

She continued: "I heard them shout 'Marcel no Marcel no Marcel why?' [He was] next to me shouting and crying but I could not make sense of what he was saying.

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They grabbed my hand and took me to the balcony... I saw two people and a car.

Then I saw someone laying there. My sight is not good but then I recognised Marcel's top. I was shouting 'Chris, Chris' and then 'Jesus Christ'.

"When I came out of the hallway Chris was already halfway down the stairs. I told him and he said 'what are you saying'. We went down in the lift.

We ran out of the block and we saw him laying there. He was not on the pavement, he was laying far from the building. He was bleeding from his mouth.

"My husband moved him around a bit. I was shouting hysterically, I was shaking. I told my husband not to touch him.

I could see he was dead, his legs were bent and he was not moving. He shouted for me to go get a towel and prop up his head.

I wanted to cover him up with the patchwork but at that point the ambulance turned up."

Coroner Mary Hassell said: "Some elements of how Marcel died are clear to me, but some are more difficult to understand. No other person was involved with that.

"Marcel must have climbed up onto the balcony in order to leave it. This was a safe balcony, he was a 14-year-old. This was not simply that the balcony was unsafe.

"All the evidence I have heard is that he was a very happy child. He was much loved, doing well at school.

Concluding, she said: "The likelihood is that he fell from the balcony and that this was an accident fall."

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Gurnett Named Distinguished Alumni | Physics and Astronomy – The University of Iowa – The University of Iowa

The University of Iowa Center for Advancement is posthumously honoring Professor Donald Gurnett with a Distinguished Alumni FacultyAward.

Donald Gurnett,62BSEE, 63MS, 65PHD, was a pioneer in the field of plasma wave research whose innovative instrumentation captured a profusion of data during more than 30 exceptional space research missions, including Voyager, Cassini, and Galileo.

A scientific scholar through and through, the longtime professor in the University of Iowa Department of Physics and Astronomywho died in January 2022also gave generously to ensure the future of space research at Iowa.

James Van Allen's discovery of Earth's radiation belts deepened Gurnett's interest in space plasma physics, inspiring him to join Van Allen's research group. Throughout his extraordinary 60-year career, Gurnett went on to establish the field of space plasma wave research, leading a team that developed numerous plasma wave instrumentsincluding one that proved Voyager I had entered interstellar space. He also mentored more than 60 graduate students and authored or co-authored two textbooks and more than 750 publications.

"Don made tremendous contributions to faculty life, student experience, and research at Iowa," says Philip Kaaret, professor and chair of the university's physics and astronomy department.

Physicists, astronomers, and scientists around the world admire Gurnett, who also was a member of the National Academy of Sciences. He and his wife generously established the Donald A. and Marie B. Gurnett Chair of Physics at the University of Iowa in 2015.

NASA senior advisor James L. Green (79PhD), Gurnet's former student, recognized his professor's leadership in international space researchand his dedication to students: "He advised and mentored an entire generation of graduate students. It is important to recognize his lifetime of excellence and achievements in space science, as well as the service he offered the UI, the planetary science community, and the nation."

Since 1963, the University of Iowa has annually recognized accomplished alumni and friends with Distinguished Alumni Awards. Awards are presented in seven categories: Achievement, Service, Hickerson Recognition, Faculty, Staff, Recent Graduate, and Friend of the University.

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A new census of supermassive black holes that are growing – Yale News

Yale astrophysicists have helped assemble an unprecedented census of the most powerful, growing supermassive black holes in the universe.

Using data from NASAs Swift satellite and a collection of ground-based telescopes including the ESO Very Large Telescope in northern Chile, the Hale telescope at Palomar observatory in southern California, and the Keck telescope in Hawaii scientists from the BASS Project have collected data for more than 850 growing black holes across the sky.

The BAT AGN Spectroscopic Survey (BASS) Project aims to create a highly complete census of key physical parameters of the supermassive black holes that power local active galactic nuclei (AGNs). Yale astronomers are part of the international group of scientists working on the project.

The new census includes detailed measurements of the emission lines, black hole masses, and distances from Earth for dozens of previously unrecognized systems. The BASS Project has unveiled much of the data in a special issue of the Astrophysical Journal that includes nine research studies drawn from the census.

We joined the BASS Project because of our keen interest in understanding the growth and evolution of supermassive black holes, said C. Megan Urry, the Israel Munson Professor of Physics and Astronomy in the Yale Faculty of Arts and Sciences and director of the Yale Center for Astronomy & Astrophysics. The great instrumentation at the Palomar and Keck telescopes has been crucial for obtaining estimates of black hole masses in this sample, which is by far the largest set of homogeneously selected, well-characterized supermassive black holes.

Supermassive black holes areas of space that have such intense gravity that not even light can escape them have masses between a million and billions of times that of the Sun and are found in the centers of essentially all developed galaxies. Fewer than 10% of these giant black holes are actively growing by swallowing gas from their immediate surroundings.

As the gas nears its final approach to a black hole, the gas heats up and releases intense radiation, which can be detected by astronomers.

Because black holes are found at the center of almost every galaxy, they influence the evolution of galaxies throughout the universe. And yet, particularly in the case of growing, supermassive black holes, they have been difficult to find.

The toughest challenge is that black hole growth is usually heavily obscured by gas and dust, hiding it from most telescopes, Urry said. However, the Burst Alert Telescope aboard the Swift satellite detects these objects at very high X-ray energies and is equally sensitive to obscured and unobscured black holes.

The new BASS dataset used hundreds of nights of data collection on more than 10 telescopes. More than 50 astronomers around the world worked on the project.

Yale contributors included Urry; Lea Marcotulli, a postdoctoral associate in physics; Mislav Balokovi, postdoctoral fellow at the Yale Center for Astronomy and Astrophysics and the Department of Physics; and former Yale graduate students Tonima Ananna, who is now at Dartmouth, and Meredith Powell, who is now at Stanford. Marcotulli is first author of another study that is also part of the collaboration.

Thanks to the large number of systems observed, and the highly complete nature of the survey, we were able to reconstruct the distributions of black hole mass and accretion rate for all sorts of accreting supermassive black holes, said Ananna. We knew for a while that the largest black holes, or those accreting at higher rates, are exceedingly rare, but now we accurately quantified how rare they are, and how common it is to find a more humble black hole, of only several dozen millions of solar masses.

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Astronomers witness the rare break up of a star couple – Space.com

Astronomers have witnessed a rare and important life event in the evolution of binary star couplings for the first time.

The team discovered a tight binary star surrounded by an expanding shell of material. This shell is matter is leftover from a stage in the stars' evolution called the common envelope phase.

This phase occurs when material from one star swells out and engulfs the other in a cosmic 'embrace.' This results in a mass transfer from the swelled star to its companion that can run out of control. The aftermath of this phase is something astronomers had not glimpsed until now.

Related: NASA's SOFIA flying telescope spots eclipse of odd binary star

"The common envelope phase is a missing link in the very long and complex chain of events making up the life of stars," Australian National University (ANU) associate professor Christian Wolf and part of the team that made the observations, said in a statement. (opens in new tab) "Now we are starting to fix that link."

Half of all stars in the universe come in binary pairs and though the initial stages of partnerships can be uneventful, when one star runs out of hydrogen for nuclear fusion things get interesting for the pairing.

The initial step in these events is the collapse of the hydrogen-exhausted core of the star while its outer layers 'puff out' a process that the sun will experience in around 5 billion years creating a red giant star. But, this proceeds differently for stars in binary pairs than it will for our lonely star.

"When one of the stars grows into a red giant, it does not just claim more empty space the way a single star will do," Wolf said. "Instead, it 'embraces' or engulfs its companion, and they appear as one star under an opaque envelope. That's when things get really exciting."

Wolf explains that friction created in the envelope caused by the motion of the stars within it has profound effects on the next step in the evolution of binary stars. "It not only causes heat but slows down the stars, so they spiral into an ever-tighter orbit; the envelope finally overheats and gets blown away," he said.

As a result of this, the stars can end up over 100 times closer together at the end of the common envelope phase than they were at its beginning after heat from the process causes the surrounding matter to be expelled in a violent 'blow-out.'

The blow-out for the binary stars observed by Wolf and colleagues occurred around 10,000 years ago. The researchers predict that the binary stars they observed, now a white dwarf and a hot subdwarf which will eventually evolve into a white dwarf itself, will continue to spiral together eventually merging.

The team's findings and the first glimpse of the aftermath of the common envelope phase of stellar evolution could help other researchers spot more binary stars in the critical stage of their lives.

"It may be easier to recognize them now we have a clearer idea of what to look for. There may be others that have been under our nose the whole time," Wolf said, adding that the findings could also have ramifications for other cosmic unions. "It could even help us better reconstruct gravitational wave events, such as black hole mergers."

The team's research was published in the journal Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. (opens in new tab)

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Super-Earth planet zips through the habitable zone of red dwarf star – Space.com

Astronomers have discovered a 'super-Earth' orbiting a red dwarf star just 37 light-years from our solar system.

The exoplanet Ross 508 b skims the so-called habitable zone of its parent star, the area in which surface temperatures are suitable to allow for the existence of liquid water, a key ingredient of life. The newly discovered exoplanet has about four times the mass of Earth and was discovered using a new infrared monitoring technique. The proximity of this super-Earth to our planet means it is ripe for atmospheric investigation, which could help researchers determine whether life could exist around low-mass stars.

"To have the very first planet discovered by this new method be so tantalizingly close to the habitable zone seems too good to be true and bodes well for future discoveries," team leader and Tokyo Institute of Technology professor Bun'ei Sato said in a statement.

Related: These 10 super extreme exoplanets are out of this world

Red dwarfs like Ross 508, which has about one-fifth of the mass of the sun, are small stars that account for around three-quarters of all stars in our galaxy, the Milky Way. These stars are especially abundant in the region around our solar system, making red dwarf stars and their systems ideal targets for the search for planets outside the solar system and the investigation of possible life elsewhere in the universe.

The fact that red dwarfs are small means that they are cool, with temperatures of between 2,000 and 3,500 Kelvin. Their relatively low temperatures make them dim in visible light, unlike larger stars, and means astronomers must study them in infrared.

In order to do this, the Astrobiology Center in Japan developed an infrared observational instrument called the InfraRed Doppler instrument (IRD) to mount on the Subaru Telescope in Hawai'i. With this instrument the world's first high-precision infrared spectrograph for an 8-meter class telescope the astronomers set about searching for signs of planets around red dwarf stars.

Specifically, the researchers looked for the tell-tale 'wobble' that an exoplanet causes in the orbit of its parent star; the wobble registers as a tiny shift in the wavelength of light from the star as it moves toward and away from Earth.

The discovery of Ross 508 b marks the first success for the project, which is officially named the IRD Subaru Strategic Program (IRD-SSP).

"It has been 14 years since the start of IRD's development," Sato said. "We have continued our development and research with the hope of finding a planet exactly like Ross 508 b."

Ross 508 b, just the third planet to be found around such a low-mass star, has an average distance from its parent star of just one-twentieth times the distance between Earth and the sun. The astronomers who discovered it believe that the planet's highly elliptical orbit carries it into Ross 508's habitable zone every 11 days.

"Ross 508 b is the first successful detection of a super-Earth using only near-infrared spectroscopy," Subaru Telescope researcher Hiroki Harakawa said in the statement. "Prior to this, in the detection of low-mass planets such as super-Earths, near-infrared observations alone were not accurate enough, and verification by high-precision line-of-sight velocity measurements in visible light was necessary." (Although super-Earths are larger than our own planet, most of the exoplanets scientists are currently detecting are much larger.)

Harakawa added that the study, for which he was the lead author, shows that even acting alone IRD-SSP is capable of detecting planets. He said the work especially demonstrates the advantage of IRD-SSP in its ability to detect planets with high precision even around late-type red dwarfs that are too faint to be observed with visible light.

The team's research was published June 30 in the journal Publication of the Astronomical Society of Japan (PASJ).

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UK inflation will soar to astronomical levels over next year, thinktank warns – The Guardian

Inflation will soar to astronomical levels over the next year forcing the Bank of England to raise interest rates higher and for longer than previously expected, according to a leading thinktank.

The National Institute of Economic and Social Research also forecast a long recession that would last into next year and hit millions of the most vulnerable households, especially in the worst-off parts of the country.

NIESR said gas price rises and the escalating cost of food would send inflation to 11% before the end of the year while the retail prices index (RPI), which is used to set rail fares and student loans repayments, is expected to hit 17.7%.

Stephen Millard, the institutes deputy director, said the economy would contract for three consecutive quarters, shrinking the 1% by the spring of next year.

He added there will be no respite for British households and businesses from astronomical inflation in the short term and we will need interest rates up at the 3% mark if we are to bring it down.

As the government faces calls to step in with further support for hard-pressed families, NIESR said average incomes would fall by a record 2.5% this year, leaving millions of families to use savings or expensive credit to pay essential heating and food costs this winter.

In its half-yearly economic health check, the thinktank said the number of households with no savings was set to double to 5.3 million by 2024. Families in the north-east, which rely heavily on public sector jobs, were the most likely to see their savings disappear after using them to pay for day-to-day bills.

The report painted a gloomier picture than most forecasts of the UK economy, which have tended to play down the likelihood of a long period of contraction.

Bank of England officials will give their verdict on the state of the economy on Thursday when the central banks monetary policy committee (MPC) will make its latest decision on interest rates and publish its quarterly review.

Most analysts have pencilled in a majority of the MPCs nine members voting for a 0.5 percentage point increase in the Banks base rate to 1.75%, pushing most mortgage rates to 3.5%.

Concern about the increase in the cost of living this year has become the top issue for households, according to recent polls by Ipsos Mori, and have dominated the debate between the two candidates vying for the leadership of the Conservative party.

In May, the Bank said inflation would rise slightly above 10% and fall quickly as interest rates of about 2% began to depress consumer demand.

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NIESR said it expected the Bank to continue hiking rates until they reached 3% and keep them in place for longer than previously expected to bring inflation down to 3% by the end of next year.

While about 80% of mortgage borrowers are on fixed rate products, millions of them will need to remortgage to higher interest rates over the next year. Higher mortgage rates also feed into private rental costs, which have already risen sharply in recent years.

The thinktank said below inflation wage rises would become entrenched and by 2026 would mean that real incomes, after inflation is taken into account, would be 7% below the pre-Covid trend.

Jagjit Chadha, the director of NIESR, said the incoming prime minister should focus economic policy on redistributing resources to the most financially vulnerable households and maintain public services.

He said it made economic sense to protect vulnerable families, renewing the institutes call for a rise in Universal Credit payments of 25 per week at a cost of 1.35bn from October 2022 to March 2023.

The government should also raise the energy grant from 400 to 600 for 11 million low-income households, at a total cost of 2.2bn, he said.

Chadha added that to turn some of the levelling up rhetoric into reality, the government should consider doubling the financial support for the Towns Fund from 4.8bn to 9.6bn and expand the remit of the UK Infrastructure Bank; increasing its capital from 14bn to 50bn.

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CanSat Annual Competition Open to Students | Physics and Astronomy – The University of Iowa – The University of Iowa

Students can get a head start on an aerospace career by entering the 2023 CanSat Competition.

Not just a paper exercise, CanSat is an annual competition in which college and university teams from around the world participate in a scored and judged design-build-launch project to see who can best meet assigned mission requirements. From conceptual design, through integration, test, and flight, teams engineer, create, and actually launch payloads in a challenging and rewarding test of knowledge, skills, project management, and teamwork.

Since 2005, the CanSat Competition, organized by the American Astronautical Society (AAS) alongside the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) has organized an annual student design-build-launch competition for space-related topics. Throughout the years, NRL has been devoted to supporting CanSat in its efforts to further students aerospace exploration through the development of aeronautical exploration and STEM education.

If you are interested in participating in the CanSat, please log onto:www.cansatcompetition.comor contact NRL Corporate Communications at (202)-480-3746 ornrlpao@nrl.navy.mil. The American Astronautical Society (AAS) contact is Jim Way atjimway@astronautical.org

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CanSat Annual Competition Open to Students | Physics and Astronomy - The University of Iowa - The University of Iowa

ASTRONOMY: Clouds Of Stars And Dust – Mdcp.nwaonline.com

We have all seen many kinds of clouds -- rain clouds, white puffy clouds, clouds with rainbows, even clouds of gnats and steam clouds from an old-fashioned locomotive I saw when I was a child.

Have you ever seen a cloud of stars? I have -- in the summer Milky Way.

Our galaxy is a spiral galaxy about 120,000 light-years across -- more or less -- it's hard to measure a galaxy when you are in the middle of it.

All spiral galaxies are dirty. That is, they contain a great deal of dust and gas that is not anything else but dust and gas. Sometimes the patches of dust are so black and dense they can block the stars behind them, just as the moon can be hidden by thick clouds.

Good photography of the Milky Way became possible around the turn of the 19th to the 20th century. When scientists began to photograph our galaxy, they noticed great dark patches that, in places, were very black.

A controversy arose as to what these black patches were. Two ideas competed. The first idea was that these dark patches were places where stars simply did not form. However, no one could imagine why stars did not form in these black spaces while enormous numbers of them formed right next to the black patches. A second idea was that the dark places were formed by enormous spots of dense dust and gas and these kept astronomers from seeing the stars behind them.

A very great American astronomer, E.E. Barnard, essentially self-taught, speculated about the dark patches and proposed that the dark patches were clouds of dense, black dust. Using a 10-inch camera and the fastest film, Barnard took images of a large number of these "dark nebula" and published several copies of his actual photographic prints bound as a book. (An original copy of Barnard's work is quite rare and valuable.)

Those scientists, including Barnard, who thought the dark patches were clouds of dust that hid the stars behind them, were correct. Obscuring nebula turn out to be present in all the spiral galaxies we can photograph now.

So, there are the clouds we see in the daytime, in our atmosphere, and there are clouds of stars and dust that can be seen with a telescope or photographed with a camera.

I have included an image of a cloud of stars I have made with a very fast telephoto lens. This cloud of stars has a name -- the Scutum Star Cloud. It is often photographed by amateurs because of its mysterious beauty. There are hundreds of thousands of stars in this image, making the cloud. Interwoven among these stars one can see lines and spots of obscuring dust.

If one stays up late, Saturn can be seen rising in the southeast. Staying up to about midnight, one can see Jupiter just at the eastern horizon. As the year moves on, these two planets, as well as Mars, can be seen in the mid-evening hours.

At a dark observing site, look for the Milky Way, nearly overhead. Get out those binoculars and see if you can see clouds of stars -- and dark clouds too.

Don't miss the Perseid Meteor Shower on the night of Aug. 12-13. All you need to do is stay up late and use just your eyes.

David Cater is a former faculty member of JBU. Email him at [emailprotected] The opinions expressed are those of the author.

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Indias AstroSat Telescope Helps Astronomers Observe Star Formation in Distant Dwarf Galaxies – The Weather Channel

A sample dwarf galaxy (small box left) observed with the Ultraviolet Imaging Telescope on AstroSat. AstroSat detected extremely blue star-forming clumps on the galaxy's outer boundary (box on left)

Dwarf galaxies, made up of a few billion stars at most, have been the object of fascination for many astronomers. They offer a window into the evolution of the universe's early galaxies. Studying star formation and assembly in these small, irregular galaxies can offer insights into how modern-day galaxies, like our own Milky Way Galaxy, evolved.

But observing BCDs in their developmental phase is extremely challenging since they remain very faint and faraway, lost in the infinite cosmos. Now, an international team of researchers have managed to track the birth of new stars on the periphery of these faraway dwarf galaxies using the Indian Ultra-Violet Imaging Telescope AstroSatIndia's first dedicated multi-wavelength satellite telescope designed to investigate celestial sources.

Capturing the assembly process in dwarf galaxies is considered important because the diversity in their physical properties observed today challenge the current theoretical models of galaxy evolution. AstroSat/UVIT has been a remarkable addition to the list of UV observatories to date and has opened up promising windows to probe the understanding of the galaxy assembly process, explains Anshuman Borgohain, an astronomer from Tezpur University, Assam, and lead author of the study.

Professor Kanak Saha at Pune's Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics (IUCAA) conceived the study involving astronomers from India, the US and France. They have come one step closer to understanding how stars come to be in dwarf galaxies through this research. New stars in the distant dwarf galaxies, called Blue Compact Dwarf galaxies or BCDs, are known to migrate inwards towards their centre, contributing to the galaxies' mass and volume.

Using AstroSat, the scientists discovered these star production zones in eleven BCDs! The findings of this research showed how "extended star formation" plays a role in the formation of dwarf galaxies.

We are witnessing the live formation of these far-way dwarf galaxies! AstroSat's resolving power, and deep field imaging techniques have been the key to spotting some very young, large star-forming clumps. These form on the periphery and then spiral into the visible (optical) boundary of their galaxy within a billion years timescale, thus adding to the growth of the galaxy, said Prof Saha.

Further, this study reports the discovery of extensive far-ultraviolet (FUV) discs in distant dwarf galaxies for the first time. To simply put it, our home-grown AstroSat detects far-off objects using ultraviolet, X-ray, and visible light, while NASA's James Webb Space Telescope analyses distant galaxies in various infrared wavelengths.

**

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Metaverse: The Gap Between Reality and Futurism – Connect CRE

Googling the term real estate financing metaverse will provide approximately 8.8 million hits. The results are a mishmash of companies that provide financing for metaverse real estate deals, as well as articles ranging from skepticism (Investing in Metaverse Real Estate: Mind the Gap Between Recognized and Realized Potential) to enthusiasm (The Coming Boom in Metaverse Lending for Banks). Previous Weekender articles have also chimed in on the topic, most recently with Buying and Financing LandIn the Metaverse.

But is the industry really at the point in which virtual real estate and financing deals can or even should take place? Not just yet.

In a recent Walker Webcast, Walker & Dunlop chairman and CEO Willy Walker acknowledged that the metaverse is gaining traction. However, Ive been asked whether Walker & Dunlop is thinking about financing real estate in the metaverse, Walker commented. I will be so long gone when Walker & Dunlop starts financing real estate in the metaverse.

According to L.D. Salmanson, CEO of New York Citys real estate data and insight firm Cherre, in the short term two or three years, (metaverse) is a buzzword that provides zero value to real estate owners and operators. He told Connect CRE that at this point, scammers will use it to raise money for nonsense, and visionaries will use it to raise money for things that are too early.

One reason is because of the current state of hardware and software. Salmanson explained that Apple, Meta and Google have their own hardware and software ecosystems and their own virtual reality and augmented reality environments. Using video games as an example, Salmanson said that shared universes are possible across different hardware types if and only if the software developer decides to make this universe accessible from multiple hardware environment.

The metaverse, as it currently stands, isnt a whole lot different. Even if virtual locations are accessible from different platforms, software vendors build their own, non-converging environments. I cant really picture one metaverse, Salmanson said. Rather, I see multiple, siloed hardware and software environments.

Additional challenges include current battery technology that is far behind what we need for this reality to exist, Salmanson said. The costs are also high, and current central processing units (CPUs) and graphic processing units (GPUs) arent advanced enough to support a meta world. The power consumption for these devices is astronomical, Salmanson added.

All told, the idea of buying and financing anything, let alone real estate, in the metaverse is a nice fantasy, but far from applicable right now. As operators and investors, we need to be grounded in reality, Salmanson said. We dont have the luxury of futurism for futurisms sake. Thats for science fiction writers to delight us, not for the immediate reality.

But technology isnt static, and its likely the metaverse wont stay static, either. Salmanson said that as hardware capabilities advance and AR and VR moves beyond the cartoon stage of quality, this could begin to provide rich experiences that can start replacing or enriching every day experiences, he said. But penetration here will be slow.

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Metaverse: The Gap Between Reality and Futurism - Connect CRE

The Earth Is Spinning so Fast, We Might Have to Turn Back the Clock – Futurism

The Earth's spin is really starting to pick up speed.

As CBS News reports, June29 was the fastest day in recorded history, clocking in at 1.59 milliseconds shorter than the average 24 hours we know and love.

According to a recent study, the Earth started to spin faster back in 2016 and, on average, the days have become shorter ever since.

The rotation change hasn't been enough to render every single day shorter, according to the study's authors, but the impact has been pronounced enough to get the scientific community buzzing.

And if the trend continues which it very well might mankind will likely have to make some changes to atomic time, or the universal way that time on Earth is measured, according to experts.

But that's not exactly easy, especially when the tech industry reallydoesn't want that to happen. Ever heard of the infamous Y2K bug?

Historically speaking, Earth has never kept perfect time. A number of factors, from its magma core to ocean tides, can impact how fast the Earth spins. And as The Guardian points out, our planet has actually spun a bit slower in recent centuries than it has in the distant past.

Though there are some different theories floating around, the study co-authors told CBS that they believe changes in ocean tides are likely to blame for the recent rotation change.

To address the issue of, well, time being wrong, scientists have advocated for the introduction of negative leap seconds rather than adding an hour like we do during leap years, they call for the artificial subtraction of time from the world time clock.

This potential solution, however, may present an entirely separate set of issues. The tech industry overwhelmingly opposes the introduction of negative leap seconds, as they could wreak havoc on system interfaces.

"Negative leap second handling is supported for a long time and companies like Meta often run simulations of this event," Meta engineers Oleg Obleukhov and Ahmad Byagowi told CBS. "However, it has never been verified on a large scale and will likely lead to unpredictable and devastating outages across the world."

Regardless, if noticeably shorter days like last week's anomaly persist, we'll need a fix and like most things, we might not all be particularly happy with what that solution turns out to be.

READ MORE: Earth is spinning faster than usual and had its shortest day ever [CBS News]

More on Earth spinning too fast: The Earth is Spinning So Fast, We Might Need to Skip a Second

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The Earth Is Spinning so Fast, We Might Have to Turn Back the Clock - Futurism

Man Who Lost $180 Million Bitcoin Hard Drive 9 Years Ago Still Trying to Dig Through Trash – Futurism

He's not ready to give up.Get Over It

Moving on is hard.

Just ask UK-based IT engineer James Howells, who, almost a decade ago, accidentally threw away a hard drive containing over $180 million worth of Bitcoin and is still clinging onto hope that it's recoverable.

Howells mistakenly chucked the hard drive, which allegedly contains about 8,000 Bitcoin, back in 2013, well before the cryptocurrency shot up in both popularity and value.

By today's standards, whatever's on that hard drive if it even turns on is worth a lot, just under $184 million to be precise.

Since early last year, Howells has been lobbying the Newport city council to let him comb through all of the landfill's trash in order to find it.

Most recently, he claimed to have secured funding and a top-notch, trash-digging team to support the hunt but as the BBC reports, the council has once again rejected his search citing environmental concerns.

Among claims that his newly-assembled team boasts environmental experts, Howells' most recent plea to the council outlined plans to incorporate assistive AI and robot dogs in the effort.

"We've basically got a well-rounded team of various experts, with various expertise, which, when we all come together, are capable of completing this task to a very high standard," the IT tech told the BBC.

To sweeten the pot, Howells offered to put ten percent of the recovered Bitcoin into crypto-based town projects, including a clean energy-powered crypto mining site, a one-time handout to all residents of $61 worth of crypto, as well as access to crypto-based sales terminals in all local shops.

But that's all predicated on Howells finding the damn drive and discovering that it still works. Then there's the fact that the outlook of the crypto market is looking less than stellar these days.

Shockingly, the city still won't let Howells' team dig up the town's landfills.

"Part of this is managing the ecological risk to the site and the wider area," a council spokesperson told the BBC. "Mr. Howells' proposals pose significant ecological risk which we cannot accept, and indeed are prevented from considering by the terms of our permit."

READ MORE: Bitcoin: Missing hard drive could fund Newport crypto hub [BBC]

More on crypto woes: Man Wakes Pregnant Wife to Tell Her He Lost $100,000 on Crypto

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Man Who Lost $180 Million Bitcoin Hard Drive 9 Years Ago Still Trying to Dig Through Trash - Futurism

Astronomers Just Watched a Neutron Star Hulk Smash Another Star – Futurism

It triggered one of the most powerful explosions in the universe.Star Smasher

Scientists just caught the tail-end of a neutron star smashing into its stellar neighbor.

The resulting explosive jet was so powerful,it blasted a gamma ray burst (GRB) that potentially emitted more energy in a few seconds than our Sun will in its entire lifetime.

With that kind of power, GRBs are the most energetic explosions scientists know of, and are believed to be responsible for the creation of the heaviest elements in the universe like gold and platinum.

And now, for the first time, a short-duration GRB designated GRB 211106A has been captured in millimeter light using the Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA).

"This short gamma-ray burst was the first time we tried to observe such an event with ALMA," said Wen-fai Fong, Northwestern University assistant professor andco-author of a new study, which is set to be published in an upcoming issue of Astrophysical Journal Letters, in a statement.

GRBs short duration ones in particular are exceedingly difficult to capture. According to the scientists, only six have been detected, ever and even then, only in radio wavelengths.

"Afterglows for short bursts are very difficult to come by, so it was spectacular to catch this event shining so brightly," Fong added.

Although capturing short GRBs at millimeter wavelengths may sound like a small distinction to a layman, its actually a pretty big deal, the scientists say.

"What makes GRB 211106A so special is its not only the first short-duration GRB that we detected in this wavelength, but also, thanks to the millimeter and radio detection, we could measure the opening angle of the jet," said study co-author Ruoco Escorial in the statement.

"This is essential to infer the real rates of short GRBs in our universe and to compare them with the rates of binary neutron star or neutron star and black hole mergers."

In other words, using the millimeter data, scientists can begin to calculate just how frequently these kinds of cosmic bursts occur a fascinating glimpse into some of the most energetic events in the known universe.

More on GRBs: After Decades, Mystery Surrounding Giant Space Explosions Is Solved

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Astronomers Just Watched a Neutron Star Hulk Smash Another Star - Futurism

Earth About to Be Blasted By a Storm Ejected From the Sun’s "Southern Hole" – Futurism

Whoever smelled it, dealt it.Coronal Ejections

We don't wanna freak you out or anything but there's about to be a massive gas ejection from the Sun's coronal hole.

But we promise, it's not as bad as it sounds.

AsSpaceWeather reports, "gaseous material is [flowing] from a southern hole in the Sun's atmosphere," and it's going to hit Earth's atmosphere on August 3.

Fortunately, as gross as that sounds, these kinds of geomagnetic storms are both pretty commonplace and not a huge risk to us back on Earth.

These sorts of holes in the Sun's corona the outermost part of its atmosphere occur in spots when the star'sgas or plasma becomes cooler and less dense, as Space.com notes.

From these holes, solar material is able to surge outward at more than a million miles per hour.

Luckily, Earth's magnetic field absorbs these solar winds with little more than a slight compression of electrons at our poles.

Generally, the worst that happens when these winds hit our magnetosphere is some interference with low-frequency GPS and radio waves and possibly some minor satellite malfunctions.

In fact, these storms can also trigger some spectacular light shows, commonly known as the Northern Lights.

This expected solar storm is no different, and as a category G1 storm, it's expected to be weak, according to Space.com.

Which means we don't need to be worrying about this particular hole as the Sun heads into its most active storm season in its 11-year-long cycle.

READ MORE: Solar storm from hole in the sun will hit Earth on Wednesday (Aug. 3) [Space.com]

More on sexy atmospheres:ESA Unveils Plan to Send Spacecraft Through Venus' "Hot, Thick" Atmosphere

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Earth About to Be Blasted By a Storm Ejected From the Sun's "Southern Hole" - Futurism

James Webb Catches a Glimpse of the Most Distant Star in the Universe – Futurism

"Nobodys ever seen a star this highly magnified, not to mention a galaxy."Far, Far Away

NASA's James Webb Space Telescope has snapped a photo of the most distant star in the known Universe some 12.9 billion light-years away and even as a tiny dot, it's a sight to behold.

A group of astronomers, who go by the name Cosmic Spring JWST, posted the new image of the star named Earendel which was named after a character in JRR Tolkien's novel "The Silmarillion" to Twitter on Tuesday, pointing out that it's "the most distant star known."

The image, which was taken by the James Webb telescope over the weekend, isn't technically the first time we've gotten a glimpse of the star.

Earendel was first spotted by the telescope's predecessor, the Hubble Space Telescope, back in March. As NASA noted in a statement at the time, the star existed within the first billion years after the Big Bang.

The star is located within the Cetus constellation, which, in turn, is locatedin the Sunrise Arc galaxy, a galaxy named after its crescent shape.

The James Webb Space Telescope was able to spot the distant star thanks to gravitational lensing, taking advantage of massive galaxy clusters bending the light from objects behind them.

In fact, Earendel perfectly aligned with the cluster in front of it. "Thats a really lucky alignment," Dan Coe at the Space Telescope Science Institute in Maryland, and team member of the new discovery, told New Scientist. "Nobodys ever seen a star this highly magnified, not to mention a galaxy."

It's an astonishing new record. In fact, the star is more than ten billion light-years more distant than the next-furthest star we've ever seen, according to New Scientist and the James Webb space telescope is only getting started.

More on the Webb telescope:Incredible New James Webb Image Shows "Cartwheel Galaxy" in Glorious Detail

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James Webb Catches a Glimpse of the Most Distant Star in the Universe - Futurism

Android Malware May Have Charged Millions of Customers Without Permission – Futurism

The apps literally disguised themselves.Player Played

A Russian security services firm said on Tuesdaythat 28 apps containing malware had been downloaded nearly 10 million times from the Google Play Store.

Dr. Web, founded in 2003, said in its monthly threat report that adware trojans were included in Android apps like photo editing software, keyboard and utility apps, wallpaper collection apps and more.

Many hid in plain sight by changing their app icons to mimic an important system app in the hopes users wouldn't delete them. From the shadows, they were likely subscribing people to paid mobile services without permission and constantly displaying ads to make money.

Although Google says it checks apps for malware before they hit the Play Store, some are clearly slipping through the cracks. Even worse, those that have been taken down stay on a user's phone until they're manually deleted.

Repeated issues like this may poke holes in pending legislation like the Open App Markets Act, which would force phone manufacturers like Apple and Android to allow "side loading" apps. Side loading lets users download apps from outside official app stores.

Yesterday, 9to5Mac reported that Apple sent a letter to Congress blasting side loading because of how much malware Android users suffer. The company claimed Android ecosystems have 50 times more than iOS. Dr.

Preventing software monopolies is one thing, but side loading could hurt more than help. As for preventing future infections, that's up to users for now. One Twitter netizen it up simply earlier today.

"Stop downloading random apps," the commenter said.

More on fixing mistakes: Netflix Is Letting Directors Retroactively Edit Shows Now

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Android Malware May Have Charged Millions of Customers Without Permission - Futurism

MIT Claims New Artificial Neuron 1 Million Times Faster Than the Real Thing – Futurism

"This is not a faster car, this is a spacecraft."Mind-Numbing

Think and youll miss it: researchers at MIT claim to have successfully created analog synapses that are one million times faster than those in our human brains.

Just as digital processors need transistors, analog ones need programmable resistors. Once put into the right configuration, these resistors can be used to create a network of analog synapses and neurons, according to apress release.

These analog synapses arent just ultra-fast, they're remarkably efficient, too. And that's pretty important, because as digital neural networks grow more advanced and powerful, they require more and more energy, increasing their carbon footprint considerably.

As detailed in a new paper, the researchers hope their findings will advance the field of analog deep learning, a burgeoning field of artificial intelligence.

By ditching the normally used organic mediums and opting for high tech glass, known as inorganic phosphosilicate glass (PSG), instead, the researchers were able to reach nanosecond speeds, which were faster than the synapses in the human brain.

"The action potential in biological cells rises and falls with a timescale of milliseconds, since the voltage difference of about 0.1 volt is constrained by the stability of water," said senior author and professor of nuclear science Ju Li, in the statement. "Here we apply up to ten volts across a special solid glass film of nanoscale thickness that conducts protons, without permanently damaging it."

"And the stronger the field, the faster the ionic devices," he added.

Because PSG can withstand high voltages without breaking, it allows the protons to travel at ludicrous speeds while also being incredibly energy-efficient.

The material is both common and easy to fabricate, making it not only the fastest option, but also a practical one.

"Once you have an analog processor, you will no longer be training networks everyone else is working on," said lead author Murat Onen in the statement. "You will be training networks with unprecedented complexities that no one else can afford to, and therefore vastly outperform them all."

"In other words, this is not a faster car, this is a spacecraft," he added.

More on AI: Authors Are Starting to Use AI to Quickly Churn Out Novels

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MIT Claims New Artificial Neuron 1 Million Times Faster Than the Real Thing - Futurism