Catonsville resident who ran ‘Dinner with Donald Trump’ scheme sentenced to probation – Baltimore Sun

A Catonsville technology executive whose super PAC was disavowed by Donald Trumps campaign during the 2016 election season for offering a chance to win dinner with the candidate was sentenced Thursday to a year of probation.

Ian Richard Hawes, who co-founded and serves as a managing partner for immitranslate, will serve the first nine months of his supervised release on home detention. His single charge, failing to file a 2016 tax return, did not stem directly from the super PAC that raised $1.1 million in donations that year, though federal prosecutors discussed the scheme at length in court filings.

In sentencing filings, prosecutors wrote that Hawes, then a software engineer from Catonsville, had told friends the Dinner with Trump scheme led to the candidates supporters being trolled for a cool mil. Hawes worked as a consultant and started the dinnerwithtrump.org website as well as the corresponding super PAC, American Horizons, in late 2015, offering potential donors the opportunity to double their chances of winning a dinner with the host of The Apprentice if they donated to the organization.

Trumps campaign disavowed the super PAC in 2016 and issued it a cease-and-desist letter, saying the organization was offering a prize it could not deliver.

About $400,000 of the super PACs funds went toward advertising on Facebook, another $350,000 was used by Hawes for personal expenditures, such as an engagement ring and a wedding, federal prosecutors wrote, also noting the entity did not ultimately contribute to any campaign. Super PACs can raise unlimited amounts of money, but are not permitted to donate to or work directly with a candidates campaign.

Hawes said in an email to The Baltimore Sun that he no longer works in political consulting and that he has moved on with his life.

Hawes attorneys noted in sentencing filings that the scheme was not directly tied to the single charge he pleaded guilty to in May, which accused him of failing to file his 2016 tax return. In a letter to U.S. District Judge George Levi Russell III, Hawes said the return was filed when he became aware of the charges in early 2023. He paid restitution in the amount due, more than $110,000, to the IRS, though a balance of penalties remains.

The emotional and mental toll that this incident has had on me and my family is significant, and I assure you it is a lesson I will carry with me for the rest of my life, Hawes wrote in the letter to the judge, where he did not address the super PAC.

He wrote that the poor decision to not file his taxes came in October of 2017, at a time when he was unemployed and facing reputational risk issues that left me withdrawn and disillusioned with my career path.

In the letter, he said he co-founded immitranslate, a translation technology company aiming to assist those navigating the immigration process. Hawes co-founded the company in 2013 before the translation technology was sold and temporarily ceased operations, though Hawes restarted the business in 2017.

Continue reading here:

Catonsville resident who ran 'Dinner with Donald Trump' scheme sentenced to probation - Baltimore Sun

Biden, Trolling Trump, Joins Truth Social: ‘Converts Welcome’ – The New York Times

Officials with President Bidens re-election campaign have long pledged to meet voters where they are. On Monday the campaign began a project to meet former President Donald J. Trumps voters where they are on his social media platform.

Lets see how this goes, the campaigns account wrote on Monday in its first post on Truth Social. Converts welcome!

The Biden campaign painted its debut on Mr. Trumps outlet as a cheeky opportunity to troll the presidents likely general election opponent. Mr. Trump launched Truth Social in April 2022 in response to being blocked from mainstream social media platforms a day after the Jan. 6, 2021, attack on the U.S. Capitol. Their actions came after he published inaccurate and inflammatory messages during that day of violence.

Theres very little truth happening on Truth Social, but at least now itll be a little fun, Kevin Munoz, a Biden campaign spokesman, said.

On X, formerly known as Twitter, the Biden campaign said it had joined the platform mostly because we thought it would be very funny. The decision marks a shift from the campaigns previously stated position that it would not join the Trump platform, as reported by Axios in May.

Mr. Biden, who won the 2020 presidential election by narrow margins in just a handful of battleground states, is in search of any edge he can get with voters who could be persuaded to vote for him.

Voters who consume conservative media have long been considered a rich target for Democratic candidates. During the 2020 campaign, Democrats were split on engaging with Fox News, which party officials at the time said had more persuadable voters among its viewers than any other cable network had.

Senator Elizabeth Warren of Massachusetts called Fox News a hate for profit operation and refused its invitations for a town hall, while Senator Bernie Sanders of Vermont, an independent, and Pete Buttigieg, then a former mayor of South Bend, Ind., accepted. Mr. Buttigieg, now Mr. Bidens transportation secretary, is often dispatched to explain the administrations positions on Fox News.

See more here:

Biden, Trolling Trump, Joins Truth Social: 'Converts Welcome' - The New York Times

Donald Trump Chews Out GOP Critics, Says Republicans ‘Eat Their … – Yahoo News

Donald Trump left supporters with a truly wild warning in a video posted on Truth Social on Saturday.

The former president claimed the GOP eat their young as he called his critics Bill Barr, Sen. Mitt Romney (R-Utah) and Paul Ryan losers and RINOs in a pre-taped statement.

Near the middle of the rambling video, Trump told viewers, Remember, Republicans eat their young. They really do, they eat their young. Terrible statement. But its true.

While some on the web speculated the teleprompter probably said eat their own, the front-runner for Republican presidential candidacy seemed to be parroting a Tuesday Truth Social post attacking Barr, Romney and Paul almost word-for-word.

If [Romney] and RINO Paul fought as hard against Obama as they do against President Donald J. Trump, they would never have lost, he wrote last week. But remember, Republicans Eat Their Young.

Thats the problem with so many in our Party, they go after the people who are on their side, rather than the Radical Left Democrats that are DESTROYING OUR COUNTRY.

Trumps modest proposals come after a slew of stranger-than-average moments from the embattled real estate developer.

Last month, he incorrectly claimed Barack Obama is the current president, that Americans need voter ID to buy bread and that President Biden was on the brink of bringing about World War II.

Cannibalism seems to have accidentally become a theme for Trump, who appeared to confuse fictitious human-eater Hannibal Lecter with a real person during a rally in Iowa last weekend.

Hannibal Lecter, how great an actor was he? Trump asked supporters. You know why I like him? Because he said on television ... I love Donald Trump.

He seemed to be referring to Mads Mikkelsen, who starred as Lecter in NBCs Hannibal TV series from 2013 to 2015.

During then-candidate Trumps 2016 race against Hilary Clinton, Mikkelsen told CBS the New Yorker was not a classic politician, but he felt like a fresh wind for some people.

Continue reading here:

Donald Trump Chews Out GOP Critics, Says Republicans 'Eat Their ... - Yahoo News

One of Donald Trumps Children Just Heavily Supported Ivanas Controversial Burial Site – Yahoo Entertainment

When Donald Trump decided to bury his first wife Ivana Trump at the New Jersey Trump National Golf Club Bedminster it instantly split the public. Many found the gesture incredibly odd, and rather confusing since its not like she had a huge passion for the sport. However, one of Donald and Ivanas kids couldnt stop singing his fathers praises about the burial move.

In a recent interview with Republican politician Kari Lake per OK, Eric Trump quickly answered the question of: Was your dad pretty supportive when all that happened, when your mother passed away?

More from SheKnows

He quickly responded by saying, I will say so much so that you know we have a family funeral plot in New Jersey, and he was the one to say, you know, I want her with us. It was pretty amazing again, you know, kind of a wife long removed ex-wife long removed. Hes an incredible man. Hes got a heart of gold.

Now, this comment was met with instant criticism on X, the social media platform formerly known as Twitter. Despite being at Donalds beloved golf club, many recent photos show that the burial site has been so unkempt, to the point that the weeds growing around it make the tombstone unreadable.

Click here to read the full article.

When Ivana suddenly passed away July 2022, many speculated Donald made the unexpected move for a tax break, and it seems that even if he did, Eric truly adored the act.

Eric and Ivana were quite close, and the Unerstanding Trump contributor previously gished about her to Fox News, saying, She would beat any man down a mountain on skis and look like a supermodel doing it. She was an extraordinary woman.

Donald and Ivana welcomed three children named Donald Jr, born Dec 1977, Ivanka, born Oct 1981, and Eric, Jan 1984.

Before you go, click here to see the biggest presidential scandals in US History.

Best of SheKnows

Sign up for SheKnows' Newsletter. For the latest news, follow us on Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram.

Read more:

One of Donald Trumps Children Just Heavily Supported Ivanas Controversial Burial Site - Yahoo Entertainment

Donald Trump gets gag order in 2020 election meddling case – Yahoo! Voices

A federal judge has barred Donald Trump from criticising prosecutors, the court and possible witnesses ahead of his trial on election subversion charges.

It follows recent remarks in which the former president slammed prosecutors as "a team of thugs" and attacked one witness in the case as "a gutless pig".

Judge Tanya Chutkan said a limited gag order against Mr Trump was necessary to prevent "a pre-trial smear campaign".

A Trump spokesperson criticised the ruling as "another partisan knife".

The Republican frontrunner for president in 2024 was charged earlier this year over his alleged efforts to overturn his 2020 election defeat at the hands of Democrat Joe Biden.

The four counts in his indictment were: conspiracy to defraud the US, conspiracy to obstruct an official proceeding, obstruction of an official proceeding and conspiracy against the rights of citizens.

Special Counsel Jack Smith, who is leading the investigation, requested a gag order on the basis that Mr Trump's comments could "prejudice" participants, including prosecutors, jurors and court staff.

His office also argued that attacking potential witnesses would have a "chilling" effect on the case.

"The defendant can't be permitted to intentionally try this case in the court of public opinion," government lawyer Molly Gaston argued in court on Monday.

That left Judge Chutkan in the tricky position of balancing the need to protect the legal proceedings with the free speech rights of a political candidate.

Over the course of more than two hours, she reminded Mr Trump's team that, as a criminal defendant, he "does not have the right to say and do exactly what he pleases".

She noted Mr Trump had referred to Mr Smith as "deranged", and to her as "a biased Trump-hating judge" and "a radical Obama hack".

She added that she was "deeply disturbed" by his inclination to attack others, such as the special counsel's wife and a court staffer in his New York civil fraud case.

Mr Trump faces a partial gag order in that case over his criticism of the New York judge's top clerk in a post that included her name, photograph and social media.

"This is not about whether I like the language Mr Trump uses," Judge Chutkan said on Monday. "This is about language that presents a danger to the administration of justice."

Attorney John Lauro, who spoke on the former president's behalf, defended his "colourful language" as part of the "rough and tumble" of politics.

He argued that Mr Trump was in the middle of a campaign and "entitled to speak truth to oppression".

But Judge Chutkan pushed back: "Because he is running for president, he gets to make threats?"

Her limited ruling on Monday was "narrowly tailored", she said - not as far as the special counsel wanted, but doing enough to prevent a "smear campaign".

The partial order does not block Mr Trump from criticising President Biden, his justice department or Washington, where the case is being tried.

But it does bar comments about the special counsel, his team, court staff or potential witnesses - except Mike Pence, Mr Trump's vice-president and rival in the 2024 race.

Judge Chutkan did not say how she will enforce her partial order but promised to consider sanctions "as may be necessary" if the restrictions were violated.

"One simple solution: Let's have this trial after the election and solve the problem," Mr Lauro had earlier proposed.

But the judge reaffirmed that the trial "will not yield to the 2024 election cycle".

In a statement, a spokesperson for Mr Trump slammed the ruling as "an absolute abomination and another partisan knife stuck in the heart of our Democracy by Crooked Joe Biden, who was granted the right to muzzle his political opponent".

The trial begins on 4 March - the same day as Super Tuesday, a pivotal day of voting in the Republican presidential primary contest.

As Mr Trump campaigns once again for the White House, he also faces three other criminal trials next year, and a total of 91 felony charges.

Read more:

Donald Trump gets gag order in 2020 election meddling case - Yahoo! Voices

Donald Trump wants to give evidence in London court over ‘Steele … – The Union Leader

State Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware Florida Georgia Hawaii Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington Washington D.C. West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming Puerto Rico US Virgin Islands Armed Forces Americas Armed Forces Pacific Armed Forces Europe Northern Mariana Islands Marshall Islands American Samoa Federated States of Micronesia Guam Palau Alberta, Canada British Columbia, Canada Manitoba, Canada New Brunswick, Canada Newfoundland, Canada Nova Scotia, Canada Northwest Territories, Canada Nunavut, Canada Ontario, Canada Prince Edward Island, Canada Quebec, Canada Saskatchewan, Canada Yukon Territory, Canada

Zip Code

Country United States of America US Virgin Islands United States Minor Outlying Islands Canada Mexico, United Mexican States Bahamas, Commonwealth of the Cuba, Republic of Dominican Republic Haiti, Republic of Jamaica Afghanistan Albania, People's Socialist Republic of Algeria, People's Democratic Republic of American Samoa Andorra, Principality of Angola, Republic of Anguilla Antarctica (the territory South of 60 deg S) Antigua and Barbuda Argentina, Argentine Republic Armenia Aruba Australia, Commonwealth of Austria, Republic of Azerbaijan, Republic of Bahrain, Kingdom of Bangladesh, People's Republic of Barbados Belarus Belgium, Kingdom of Belize Benin, People's Republic of Bermuda Bhutan, Kingdom of Bolivia, Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana, Republic of Bouvet Island (Bouvetoya) Brazil, Federative Republic of British Indian Ocean Territory (Chagos Archipelago) British Virgin Islands Brunei Darussalam Bulgaria, People's Republic of Burkina Faso Burundi, Republic of Cambodia, Kingdom of Cameroon, United Republic of Cape Verde, Republic of Cayman Islands Central African Republic Chad, Republic of Chile, Republic of China, People's Republic of Christmas Island Cocos (Keeling) Islands Colombia, Republic of Comoros, Union of the Congo, Democratic Republic of Congo, People's Republic of Cook Islands Costa Rica, Republic of Cote D'Ivoire, Ivory Coast, Republic of the Cyprus, Republic of Czech Republic Denmark, Kingdom of Djibouti, Republic of Dominica, Commonwealth of Ecuador, Republic of Egypt, Arab Republic of El Salvador, Republic of Equatorial Guinea, Republic of Eritrea Estonia Ethiopia Faeroe Islands Falkland Islands (Malvinas) Fiji, Republic of the Fiji Islands Finland, Republic of France, French Republic French Guiana French Polynesia French Southern Territories Gabon, Gabonese Republic Gambia, Republic of the Georgia Germany Ghana, Republic of Gibraltar Greece, Hellenic Republic Greenland Grenada Guadaloupe Guam Guatemala, Republic of Guinea, Revolutionary People's Rep'c of Guinea-Bissau, Republic of Guyana, Republic of Heard and McDonald Islands Holy See (Vatican City State) Honduras, Republic of Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region of China Hrvatska (Croatia) Hungary, Hungarian People's Republic Iceland, Republic of India, Republic of Indonesia, Republic of Iran, Islamic Republic of Iraq, Republic of Ireland Israel, State of Italy, Italian Republic Japan Jordan, Hashemite Kingdom of Kazakhstan, Republic of Kenya, Republic of Kiribati, Republic of Korea, Democratic People's Republic of Korea, Republic of Kuwait, State of Kyrgyz Republic Lao People's Democratic Republic Latvia Lebanon, Lebanese Republic Lesotho, Kingdom of Liberia, Republic of Libyan Arab Jamahiriya Liechtenstein, Principality of Lithuania Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Macao, Special Administrative Region of China Macedonia, the former Yugoslav Republic of Madagascar, Republic of Malawi, Republic of Malaysia Maldives, Republic of Mali, Republic of Malta, Republic of Marshall Islands Martinique Mauritania, Islamic Republic of Mauritius Mayotte Micronesia, Federated States of Moldova, Republic of Monaco, Principality of Mongolia, Mongolian People's Republic Montserrat Morocco, Kingdom of Mozambique, People's Republic of Myanmar Namibia Nauru, Republic of Nepal, Kingdom of Netherlands Antilles Netherlands, Kingdom of the New Caledonia New Zealand Nicaragua, Republic of Niger, Republic of the Nigeria, Federal Republic of Niue, Republic of Norfolk Island Northern Mariana Islands Norway, Kingdom of Oman, Sultanate of Pakistan, Islamic Republic of Palau Palestinian Territory, Occupied Panama, Republic of Papua New Guinea Paraguay, Republic of Peru, Republic of Philippines, Republic of the Pitcairn Island Poland, Polish People's Republic Portugal, Portuguese Republic Puerto Rico Qatar, State of Reunion Romania, Socialist Republic of Russian Federation Rwanda, Rwandese Republic Samoa, Independent State of San Marino, Republic of Sao Tome and Principe, Democratic Republic of Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of Senegal, Republic of Serbia and Montenegro Seychelles, Republic of Sierra Leone, Republic of Singapore, Republic of Slovakia (Slovak Republic) Slovenia Solomon Islands Somalia, Somali Republic South Africa, Republic of South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands Spain, Spanish State Sri Lanka, Democratic Socialist Republic of St. Helena St. Kitts and Nevis St. Lucia St. Pierre and Miquelon St. Vincent and the Grenadines Sudan, Democratic Republic of the Suriname, Republic of Svalbard & Jan Mayen Islands Swaziland, Kingdom of Sweden, Kingdom of Switzerland, Swiss Confederation Syrian Arab Republic Taiwan, Province of China Tajikistan Tanzania, United Republic of Thailand, Kingdom of Timor-Leste, Democratic Republic of Togo, Togolese Republic Tokelau (Tokelau Islands) Tonga, Kingdom of Trinidad and Tobago, Republic of Tunisia, Republic of Turkey, Republic of Turkmenistan Turks and Caicos Islands Tuvalu Uganda, Republic of Ukraine United Arab Emirates United Kingdom of Great Britain & N. Ireland Uruguay, Eastern Republic of Uzbekistan Vanuatu Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of Viet Nam, Socialist Republic of Wallis and Futuna Islands Western Sahara Yemen Zambia, Republic of Zimbabwe

Go here to read the rest:

Donald Trump wants to give evidence in London court over 'Steele ... - The Union Leader

Trump is crushing his GOP competition in polls and cash – POLITICO

All the political elites want him to run out of money and keep hoping something bad is gonna happen. And he just continues to chug along and improve, said Dave Carney, a veteran Republican consultant. And without any clarity on the alternative across six or seven people right now, you know, hes just gonna continue to roll forward.

The fundraising total reported by Trumps campaign was notably lower than the more than $45 million in cash that his team said his joint fundraising committee raised from July through September. That suggests the joint fundraising committee was spending heavily on its own expenses before it was able to transfer proceeds to the Trump campaign. (The joint fundraising committee is not required to disclose its finances until the end of January.)

But Trump still finds himself in an enviable position financially. DeSantis fundraising has tailed off, with the Florida governor boasting about $12.3 million in the bank. Former U.N. Ambassador Nikki Haley reported $11.5 million on hand at the end of the third quarter.

The practical effects of Trumps cash advantage are huge. The former president could comfortably outgun his primary opponents on the airwaves if he finds his prodigious polling lead slipping. He can also sustain a larger payroll to boost a ground game advantage over the competition. DeSantis has a well-funded super PAC to help close these gaps, but that committee cannot legally coordinate with the Florida governors campaign.

Still, Trumps expenses could become an area of concern. The campaign itself did not spend heavily on legal bills in the third quarter, but his leadership committee has had to spend tens of millions on them.

The Trump campaigns biggest expenses in the third quarter came from payroll, on which his campaign spent $1.3 million. That figure only slightly bested DeSantis $1.27 million, but the Florida governor has cut back on that cost significantly in an effort to reduce expenses.

Trump also spent heavily on private air travel, which is necessitated by security concerns. All told, his campaign paid $1.1 million to TAG Aviation, a charter jet company. It also doled out another $140,600 to Private Jet Services Group, LLC.

One thing Trump has continued to do, though at a less robust pace than his first two runs for the White House, is spend campaign money at his properties. In the third quarter, the campaign reported $19,682 in payments to his National Doral club, $6,581 to his club at Bedminster, and $10,710 to his club at Mar-a-Lago.

More:

Trump is crushing his GOP competition in polls and cash - POLITICO

A Graphic Hamas Video Donald Trump Jr. Shared on X Is Actually … – WIRED

X replaces the names of users who suggest the notes with aliases, making it impossible to see who submits any particular note. In the case of the note on Trump Jrs account, the note was submitted by a user pseudonymously identified as Mellow Sun Swan four hours after Trump Jr posted the video.

This was the eighth note the user had submitted, according to their profile, but the first to have been approved. The user has in recent days submitted multiple notes on posts related to Iranian links to the conflict.

In the case of the Trump Jr. video, the Community Notes user linked to a video posted on the Iranian social media platform Wisgoon as evidence that the video was from years ago, not this past weekend. In the post, the upload date on the video is in Persian, which, when translated, reads 15 Mehr 1402, a date in the Persian calendar. This date translates in the Gregorian calendar to October 7, 2023the date Hamas attacked Israel.

An open source intelligence researcher tells WIRED that they confirmed the videos veracity by tracking the original video, which was broadcast by a Gaza civilian on a Facebook livestream on Saturday morning. The researcher, who posts anonymously on social media using the handle OSINTtechnical, is frequently cited by news outlets covering conflict zones.

Soon after the Trump Jr. note was published, an account associated with the far right that has advocated for banning the Anti-Defamation League tried to back up the claim about the video being fake, sharing a screenshot that showed the results of a reverse-image search for the thumbnail image of the original video. The results appear to show a series of links to Wisgoon featuring the same image, all of which have dates from seven or eight years ago. However, this is because the recent video was listed in the related videos list of the older videos, not proof that it is an older video.

On Wednesday afternoon, the note on Trump's tweet was updated to link to the tweet from the account linked to the far right.

X replied with an automated response to WIREDs questions, stating: Busy now, please check back later. Trump Jr. did not respond to WIREDs request for comment.

Update 9 am ET, October 12, 2023: The incorrect Community Note beneath Trump Jr.'s video post has been replaced with a note citing this article instead.

See original here:

A Graphic Hamas Video Donald Trump Jr. Shared on X Is Actually ... - WIRED

Reckoning with ‘populism at its worst’ | Surveying the Views … – boulder-monitor.com

I recently attended a talk on Democracy at the Mansfield Center at the University of Montana featuring former congresswoman Liz Cheney and former governor Marc Racicot. Despite the self-inflicted chaos and commotion infecting our nation, their overall message was encouraging. Both speakers thought our country will be able to survive these times of conflict and controversy. However, they added that in order for our Democratic Republic to endure, all of us need to play a part in countering those who would tear down our institutions, move us away from Democracy and toward autocracy. Trump and Trumpism was pretty much the theme, and target for the evening.

Trumpism is populism at its worst. It uses misinformation, false claims of a rigged election, violence and threats of violence to achieve political goals. Over 60 court decisions rejected these rigged election allegations including a decision by SCOTUS. The sad part is those in Congress who are promoting these distortions in order to obtain votes dont believe their own fabrications. Cheney stated that about 99% of Congressional Republicans who promote false and deceptive propaganda flatly reject their own political lies, off the record. She acknowledged that there are a few Republican members of Congress who actually believe the big lies that they are preaching, including one member of Montanas congressional delegation.

As for myself, I do my best to sort misinformation from fact. It is not easy due to deceptive social media tactics rife with half-truths. I dont make decisions or form and express opinions based on gossip, rumors, guesswork or conjecture. I refuse to jump on the fantasyland band wagon which is eroding democratic values. I embrace democracy and reject Trumpism.

Continue reading here:

Reckoning with 'populism at its worst' | Surveying the Views ... - boulder-monitor.com

Is it Ireland’s turn to ward off a toxic populism? – America: The Jesuit Review

The Irish parliament, the Dil, met for the first day of a new session in September. In scenes that shocked many, the returning members were met by an angry and violent crowd of protestors. Several demonstrators threw up a homemade gallows featuring portraits of various political and civil society figures.

One politician was accostedand, it appears from video footage, almost assaulted. And a protest blockade kept people trapped inside the building long after the session had ended.

According to The Irish Times, the protest was organized over social media, where it was dubbed Call to the Dil, drawing participants from far-right groups and individuals nurturing a host of grievances and anxieties about contemporary Irish society, from Covid-19 conspiracies to immigration and transgender issues, housing shortages and the economy.

No single policy or party was the target of the protest, The Irish Times reported, with politicians across the political spectrum depicted on posters describing them as globalist traitors.

Ireland has long been understood as one of the few European nations that has not become home to a populist or far-right movement. But Irish society has changed dramatically in the last generation.

While the truth is more complex than any shorthand account, many Irish people would describe that change as a move from a conservative culture haunted by a dysfunctional religiosity to a liberated, educated and affluent society that aspires to welcome everyone. The scenes outside the Dil, which evoked in their own way the infamous attack on the capitol in Washington on Jan. 6, alarmed many committed to that liberalizing project.

A nation long known for producing immigrants has been experiencing higher rates of immigration most years since the late 1980s. Immigrant numbers spiked to 121,000 in 2022, a 15-year high, that included almost 30,000 refugees from Ukraine. Many of the Dil protesters organized through social media hashtags like #irelandbelongstotheirish, suggesting that those increasing numbers of immigrants were the source of their discontent.

Marc Cathasaigh is a T.D. (a teachta dla, a member of Parliament) for the Green Party. He was present at the Dil and was shaken by the rage expressed among the demonstrators. At the same time, he insists it is important to be careful not to exaggerate. The crowds were objectively small, he says. This wasnt the fall of the rule of law in Ireland.

But neither does he want to underestimate the nations growing far right. It has been a common strategy across Europe for fascist parties to piggyback on a patchwork of different complaints, then to coalesce around a particular issue, frequently immigration, into a coherent political movement. They key into different issues which motivate and radicalize people. They look for a wedge issue, he says.

He has noted a definite change in the tone of the debate in Ireland, as the pandemic and the lockdowns that came with it accelerated fragmentation and polarizationwith an able assist from social media echo chambers. Opportunities to respectfully debate ideas in Irish society are diminishing, he worries.

Mr. Cathasaigh cites a lecture he recently attended by Stella Creasy, a member of the U.K. Parliament for the Labour Party, who suggested that in the aftermath of the tragedy and upheaval of the Covid-19 pandemic the politics of ideas has been overtaken by the politics of anger.

Even if we do not have a shorthand label to describe the kind of political movement represented at the Dail protest, Mr. Cathasaigh says that it is clearly unified by disenfranchisement and anger.

He argues that when political discourse primarily takes place online, citizens end up having poorer conversations about pressing issues. Part of the problem are the negative feedback loops implemented in social media algorithms; part of it is the disembodied nature of the beast.

Mr. Cathasaigh recalls that Pope Francis often focuses on the importance of human encounter. The encounter with an individual is something we have really lost as we moved online, he says. The interaction is mediated. A screen stands between us and them. This makes empathy and mutual understanding harder to achieve, leading to mere argument, never dialogue, because of the insider/outsider dynamic.

Mr. Cathasaigh does not present himself as someone who has all the answers. Indeed, it seems one way to frame his concerns is that Irish culture is losing its capacity to even ask good questions.

Some have suggested that the response to these increasingly threatening protests should include rendering any protest outside the Parliament impossible. A more productive approach, Mr. Cathasaigh believes, may be to find ways to relocate power in the hands of citizens. The Irish political system is very centralized in the capital city, Dublin; Irish local governments are among the worst-funded in Europe.

Having government functions so centralized has a dual effect, explains Mr. Cathasaigh: It is disempowering for the citizen and it leaves very little room for thinking for the [member of parliament]. The reality is that much of a T.D.s time is taken up remedying issues that could be more effectively handled at a regional level.

By consciously moving decision-making power closer to the people, much of the feeling of powerlessness evident among the protesters could be remedied, he says.

Mr. Cathasaigh proposes that some form of participatory budgets could be introduced, creating a context where the money spent in a region is more responsive to the views and wisdom of those who know the place best. Instead of an opaque bureaucracy making decisions, citizens would have the chance to thrash out the practical realities of how to build a better society.

With no screen or algorithm mediating the encounter and having been drawn together by what we might describe as, adapting words of the theologian Oliver ODonovan, the loves we share in common, such an approach might generate empathy instead of enmity. This subsidiary approach, suggesting a foundational component of Catholic social teaching, would be one that grounds people.

The Irish State already has a prominent form of deliberative consultation known as citizens assemblies. These are conversations about matters of significance that might require new legislation or policy, conducted by 99 representative citizens chosen at random, which are informed by a range of expert opinion.

But as the prominent Irish Jesuit Edmond Grace explains, the assemblies tend to address issues at such a high level that they do not remedy this sense of disconnect between the average person and the decisions being made in his or her name.

If you take the biodiversity citizens assemblyit came to over 159 recommendations, he says. When the conversation is that diffuse, the functioning reality is that the ruling party receives the recommendations and uses them as a license to act on the issues they had already identified as priorities, ignoring the others.

After decades working in Ireland and at the European Union on building democratic institutions, Father Grace agrees with Mr. Cathasaigh that one direct way to head off the threat of rising populist movements is to generate new modes of participative engagement. His suggestionbecoming more popular across the continentis the establishment of citizens juries (often called citizens panels in a European context).

A citizens jury, is, like a citizens assembly, designed to bring together groups of people from different sectors of society, different genders, ages, geographies, socioeconomic backgrounds. And just like the assemblies, they are designed to bring them into contact directly with people in power.

What Father Grace proposes is no longer a fringe idea. Ursula von der Leyen, the president of the European Commission, called for such mechanisms to become a regular feature of our democratic life in last years State of the Union address.

The juries do not replace their national parliaments, which would still debate and pass legislation. They do not intrude on the responsibility of political representatives to determine policy. But they do promise to put the deliberation about how those policies are enacted back into the hands of the people directly affected.

Many of the protestors who assailed the Dil were concerned about the lack of services and infrastructure in their regions. Typically, for example, their anti-migrant rhetoric is framed in terms of how this influx will put massive pressure on an already stretched system. In that situation, Father Grace explains, when a set of projects have been identified by the national government, it would be for the jury to decide where in their county these things will go.

The topics that together generated the fury outside the Dilmigration, changing understanding of gender, the limits of public health interventionsmight remain contentious.

But there is hope that these experiments in more deliberative, participatory government might dissipate the politics of anger and head off the risk of populism by restoring a sense that power still resides with the people.

View original post here:

Is it Ireland's turn to ward off a toxic populism? - America: The Jesuit Review

3 Cheap Machine Learning Stocks That Smart Investors Will Snap Up Now – InvestorPlace

Source: shutterstock.com/cono0430

Machine learning stocks represent publicly traded firms specializing in a subfield of artificial intelligence (AI). The terms AI and machine learning have become synonymous, but machine learning is really about making machines imitate intelligent human behavior. Semantics aside, machine learning and AI have come to the forefront in 2023.

Generative AI has boomed this year, and the race is on to identify the next must-buy shares in the sector. The firms identified in this article arent cheap in an absolute sense. Their price can be quite high. However, they are expected to provide strong returns, making them a bargain for investors currently and cheap in a relative sense.

Source: Sundry Photography / Shutterstock.com

Lets begin our discussion of machine learning stocks with ServiceNow (NYSE:NOW). The firm offers a cloud computing platform utilizing machine learning to help firms manage their workflows. Enterprise AI is a burgeoning field that will only continue to grow as firms integrate machine learning into their workflows.

As mentioned in the introduction, ServiceNow is not cheap in an absolute sense. At $563 a share, there are a lot of other equities that investors could buy for much cheaper. However, Wall Street expects ServiceNow to move past $600 and perhaps $700. The metrics-oriented website Gurufocus believes ServiceNows potential returns are even higher and peg its value at $790.

The firms Q2 earnings report, released July 26, gives investors a lot of reason to believe that share prices should continue to rise. The firm exceeded revenue growth and profitability guidance during the period, which allowed management the confidence to raise subscription revenue and margin guidance for the year.

Q2 subscription revenue reached $2.075 billion, up 25% year-over-year (YOY). Total revenues reached $2.150 million in the quarter.

Source: Pamela Marciano / Shutterstock.com

AMD (NASDAQ:AMD) and its stock continued to be overshadowed by its main rival, Nvidia (NASDAQ:NVDA). The former has almost doubled in 2023, while the latter has more than tripled. Its basically become accepted that AMD is far behind its competition in all things AI and machine learning. However, the news is mixed, making AMD particularly interesting as Nvidia shares are continually scrutinized for their price levels.

An article from early 2023 noted that the comparison between AMD and Nvidia isnt unfair. It concluded that Nvidia is better all around. However, that article also touched on the notion that AMD could potentially optimize its cards through software capabilities inherent to the firm.

That was the same conclusion MosaicML came to when testing the two firms head-to-head several months later. AMD isnt very far behind Nvidia, after all, and it has a chance to make up ground via its software prowess. Thats exactly why investors should consider AMD currently, given its relatively cheaper price.

Source: T. Schneider / Shutterstock.com

CrowdStrike (NASDAQ:CRWD) operates in a combination of growing fields. The stock represents cybersecurity and machine learning directed toward identifying IT threats. It provides endpoint security and was recently awarded its second consecutive annual honor as the best at the SC Awards Europe 2023. The company is well-regarded in its industry and is growing very quickly.

The entity also has strong fundamentals. In Q1, revenues increased by 61% YOY, reaching $487.8 million. CrowdStrikes net income loss narrowed from $85 million to $31.5 million during the period YOY. The firm generated $215 million in cash flow, leaving a lot of room to maneuver overall.

Furthermore, CrowdStrike announced it is partnering with Amazon (NASDAQ:AMZN) to work with AWS on generative AI applications to increase security. CrowdStrike is arguably the best endpoint security stock available overall, and its strong inroads into AI and machine learning have set it up for even greater growth moving forward.

On the date of publication, Alex Sirois did not hold (either directly or indirectly) any positions in the securities mentioned in this article. The opinions expressed in this article are those of the writer, subject to the InvestorPlace.com Publishing Guidelines.

Alex Sirois is a freelance contributor to InvestorPlace whose personal stock investing style is focused on long-term, buy-and-hold, wealth-building stock picks. Having worked in several industries from e-commerce to translation to education and utilizing his MBA from George Washington University, he brings a diverse set of skills through which he filters his writing.

View post:

3 Cheap Machine Learning Stocks That Smart Investors Will Snap Up Now - InvestorPlace

Tim Cook says AI, machine learning are part of virtually every product Apple is building – CryptoSlate

What is CryptoSlate Alpha?

A web3 membership designed to empower you with cutting-edge insights and knowledge. Learn more

Welcome! You are connected to CryptoSlate Alpha. To manage your wallet connection, click the button below.

If you don't have enough, buy ACS on the following exchanges:

Access Protocol is a web3 monetization paywall. When users stake ACS, they can access paywalled content. Learn more

Disclaimer: By choosing to lock your ACS tokens with CryptoSlate, you accept and recognize that you will be bound by the terms and conditions of your third-party digital wallet provider, as well as any applicable terms and conditions of the Access Foundation. CryptoSlate shall have no responsibility or liability with regard to the provision, access, use, locking, security, integrity, value, or legal status of your ACS Tokens or your digital wallet, including any losses associated with your ACS tokens. It is solely your responsibility to assume the risks associated with locking your ACS tokens with CryptoSlate. For more information, visit our terms page.

Original post:

Tim Cook says AI, machine learning are part of virtually every product Apple is building - CryptoSlate

AI GNNs: Transforming the Landscape of Machine Learning – Fagen wasanni

Unveiling the Power of AI GNNs: Transforming the Landscape of Machine Learning

Artificial Intelligence (AI) continues to redefine the boundaries of what is possible in the realm of technology, and its latest offering, Graph Neural Networks (GNNs), is set to transform the landscape of machine learning. GNNs are a novel and powerful tool that allows AI to understand and interpret data in ways that were previously unimaginable, opening up a world of possibilities for machine learning applications.

GNNs are a type of neural network designed to work specifically with graph data structures, which are mathematical models that represent relationships between objects. Traditional neural networks struggle to handle this type of data, as they are primarily designed to work with grid-like data structures. However, GNNs are uniquely equipped to handle graph data, enabling them to capture complex relationships and patterns that would otherwise go unnoticed.

The transformative power of GNNs lies in their ability to process and interpret complex, non-Euclidean data. This means they can handle data that does not fit neatly into a grid, such as social networks, molecular structures, or transportation networks. This capability opens up a new frontier in machine learning, allowing AI to tackle problems and analyze data in ways that were previously out of reach.

For instance, in the field of social network analysis, GNNs can identify influential individuals within a network, detect communities, and predict future interactions. In the realm of bioinformatics, GNNs can be used to predict the properties of molecules based on their structure, a task that could have significant implications for drug discovery. In transportation, GNNs can optimize routes and schedules, leading to more efficient and sustainable systems.

The application of GNNs extends beyond these examples. In fact, any field that deals with complex, interconnected data can potentially benefit from the power of GNNs. This versatility is one of the reasons why GNNs are being hailed as a game-changer in the world of machine learning.

However, as with any new technology, there are challenges to overcome. Training GNNs requires a significant amount of computational power and can be time-consuming. There are also questions about how to best design and optimize GNNs for specific tasks. Despite these challenges, the potential benefits of GNNs are immense, and researchers are actively working to address these issues.

The introduction of GNNs represents a significant step forward in the field of AI. By enabling machines to understand and interpret complex, interconnected data, GNNs are opening up new possibilities for machine learning applications. As researchers continue to refine and develop this technology, we can expect to see GNNs playing an increasingly important role in a wide range of fields, from social network analysis to bioinformatics, transportation, and beyond.

In conclusion, the advent of AI GNNs is transforming the landscape of machine learning. Their ability to handle complex, non-Euclidean data is unlocking new possibilities and applications, making them a powerful tool in the AI toolkit. As we continue to explore and harness the potential of GNNs, the future of machine learning looks more promising than ever.

Go here to read the rest:

AI GNNs: Transforming the Landscape of Machine Learning - Fagen wasanni

Machine-learning for the prediction of one-year seizure recurrence … – Nature.com

Fisher, R. S. et al. ILAE official report: A practical clinical definition of epilepsy. Epilepsia 55, 475482 (2014).

Article PubMed Google Scholar

Tatum, W. O. et al. Clinical utility of EEG in diagnosing and monitoring epilepsy in adults. Clin. Neurophysiol. 129, 10561082 (2018).

Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar

Pillai, J. & Sperling, M. R. Interictal EEG and the diagnosis of epilepsy. Epilepsia 47, 1422 (2006).

Article PubMed Google Scholar

Baldin, E., Hauser, W. A., Buchhalter, J. R., Hesdorffer, D. C. & Ottman, R. Yield of epileptiform electroencephalogram abnormalities in incident unprovoked seizures: A population-based study. Epilepsia 55, 13891398 (2014).

Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar

Bouma, H. K., Labos, C., Gore, G. C., Wolfson, C. & Keezer, M. R. The diagnostic accuracy of routine electroencephalography after a first unprovoked seizure. Eur. J. Neurol. 23, 455463 (2016).

Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar

Jing, J. et al. Interrater reliability of experts in identifying interictal epileptiform discharges in electroencephalograms. JAMA Neurol. 77, 4957 (2020).

Article PubMed Google Scholar

Amin, U. & Benbadis, S. R. The role of EEG in the erroneous diagnosis of epilepsy. J. Clin. Neurophysiol. 36, 294297 (2019).

Article PubMed Google Scholar

Chadwick, D. & Smith, D. The misdiagnosis of epilepsy. BMJ 324, 495496 (2002).

Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar

Seneviratne, U., Cook, M. & DSouza, W. The electroencephalogram of idiopathic generalized epilepsy. Epilepsia 53, 234248 (2012).

Article PubMed Google Scholar

Seneviratne, U., Boston, R. C., Cook, M. & DSouza, W. EEG correlates of seizure freedom in genetic generalized epilepsies. Neurol. Clin. Pract. 7, 3544 (2017).

Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar

Guida, M., Iudice, A., Bonanni, E. & Giorgi, F. S. Effects of antiepileptic drugs on interictal epileptiform discharges in focal epilepsies: An update on current evidence. Expert Rev. Neurother. 15, 947959 (2015).

Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar

Arntsen, V., Sand, T., Syvertsen, M. R. & Brodtkorb, E. Prolonged epileptiform EEG runs are associated with persistent seizures in juvenile myoclonic epilepsy. Epilepsy Res. 134, 2632 (2017).

Article PubMed Google Scholar

Acharya, U. R., Vinitha Sree, S., Swapna, G., Martis, R. J. & Suri, J. S. Automated EEG analysis of epilepsy: A review. Knowl.-Based Syst. 45, 147165 (2013).

Article Google Scholar

Woldman, W. et al. Dynamic network properties of the interictal brain determine whether seizures appear focal or generalised. Sci. Rep. 10, 7043 (2020).

Article ADS CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar

Chowdhury, F. A. et al. Revealing a brain network endophenotype in families with idiopathic generalised epilepsy. PLoS ONE 9, e110136 (2014).

Article ADS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar

Varatharajah, Y. et al. Quantitative analysis of visually reviewed normal scalp EEG predicts seizure freedom following anterior temporal lobectomy. Epilepsia 63, 16301642 (2022).

Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar

Abela, E. et al. Slower alpha rhythm associates with poorer seizure control in epilepsy. Ann. Clin. Transl. Neurol. 6(2), 333343 (2019).

Article PubMed Google Scholar

Larsson, P. G. & Kostov, H. Lower frequency variability in the alpha activity in EEG among patients with epilepsy. Clin. Neurophysiol. 116, 27012706 (2005).

Article PubMed Google Scholar

Pegg, E. J., Taylor, J. R. & Mohanraj, R. Spectral power of interictal EEG in the diagnosis and prognosis of idiopathic generalized epilepsies. Epilepsy Behav. 112, 107427 (2020).

Article PubMed Google Scholar

Larsson, P. G., Eeg-Olofsson, O. & Lantz, G. Alpha frequency estimation in patients with epilepsy. Clin. EEG Neurosci. 43(2), 97104 (2012).

Article PubMed Google Scholar

Miyauchi, T., Endo, K., Yamaguchi, T. & Hagimoto, H. Computerized analysis of EEG background activity in epileptic patients. Epilepsia 32, 870881 (1991).

Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar

Diaz, G. F. et al. Generalized background qEEG abnormalities in localized symptomatic epilepsy. Electroencephalogr. Clin. Neurophysiol. 106(6), 501507 (1998).

Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar

Urigen, J. A., Garca-Zapirain, B., Artieda, J., Iriarte, J. & Valencia, M. Comparison of background EEG activity of different groups of patients with idiopathic epilepsy using Shannon spectral entropy and cluster-based permutation statistical testing. PLoS ONE 12, e0184044 (2017).

Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar

Sathyanarayana, A. et al. Measuring the effects of sleep on epileptogenicity with multifrequency entropy. Clin. Neurophysiol. 132, 20122018 (2021).

Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar

Luo, K. & Luo, D. An EEG feature-based diagnosis model for epilepsy. in 2010 International Conference on Computer Application and System Modeling (ICCASM 2010) vol. 8 V8592-V8594 (2010).

Faiman, I., Smith, S., Hodsoll, J., Young, A. H. & Shotbolt, P. Resting-state EEG for the diagnosis of idiopathic epilepsy and psychogenic nonepileptic seizures: A systematic review. Epilepsy Behav. 121, 108047 (2021).

Article PubMed Google Scholar

Engel, J. Jr., Bragin, A. & Staba, R. Nonictal EEG biomarkers for diagnosis and treatment. Epilepsia Open 3, 120126 (2018).

Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar

Dash, D. et al. Update on minimal standards for electroencephalography in Canada: A review by the Canadian Society of Clinical Neurophysiologists. Can. J. Neurol. Sci./J. Can. des Sci. Neurologiques 44, 631642 (2017).

Article Google Scholar

Jas, M., Engemann, D. A., Bekhti, Y., Raimondo, F. & Gramfort, A. Autoreject: Automated artifact rejection for MEG and EEG data. Neuroimage 159, 417429 (2017).

Article PubMed Google Scholar

Gandhi, T., Panigrahi, B. K. & Anand, S. A comparative study of wavelet families for EEG signal classification. Neurocomputing 74, 30513057 (2011).

Article Google Scholar

Zou, H. & Hastie, T. Regularization and variable selection via the elastic net. J. R. Stat. Soc. Ser. B 67, 301320 (2005).

Article MathSciNet MATH Google Scholar

Ke, G. et al. LightGBM: A highly efficient gradient boosting decision tree. In Proceedings of the 31st International Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems (ed. Ke, G.) 31493157 (Curran Associates Inc, 2017).

Google Scholar

Cawley, G. C. & Talbot, N. L. C. On over-fitting in model selection and subsequent selection bias in performance evaluation. J. Mach. Learn. Res. 11, 20792107 (2010).

MathSciNet MATH Google Scholar

LeDell, E., Petersen, M. & van der Laan, M. Computationally efficient confidence intervals for cross-validated area under the ROC curve estimates. Electron. J. Stat. 9, 15831607 (2015).

Article MathSciNet PubMed PubMed Central MATH Google Scholar

DeLong, E. R., DeLong, D. M. & Clarke-Pearson, D. L. Comparing the areas under two or more correlated receiver operating characteristic curves: A nonparametric approach. Biometrics 44, 837845 (1988).

Article CAS PubMed MATH Google Scholar

Collins, G. S., Reitsma, J. B., Altman, D. G. & Moons, K. G. Transparent reporting of a multivariable prediction model for individual prognosis or diagnosis (TRIPOD): The TRIPOD statement. Ann. Intern. Med. https://doi.org/10.7326/M14-0697 (2015).

Article PubMed Google Scholar

Clarke, S. et al. Computer-assisted EEG diagnostic review for idiopathic generalized epilepsy. Epilepsy Behav. 121, 106556. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yebeh.2019.106556 (2019).

Article PubMed Google Scholar

Drake, M. E., Padamadan, H. & Newell, S. A. Interictal quantitative EEG in epilepsy. Seizure Eur. J. Epilepsy 7, 3942 (1998).

Article CAS Google Scholar

Mammone, N. & Morabito, F. C. Analysis of absence seizure EEG via Permutation Entropy spatio-temporal clustering. Int. Jt. Conf. Neural Netw. https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn.2011.6033390 (2011).

Article Google Scholar

Lijmer, J. G. et al. Empirical evidence of design-related bias in studies of diagnostic tests. JAMA 282, 10611066 (1999).

Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar

Pepe, M. S., Feng, Z., Janes, H., Bossuyt, P. M. & Potter, J. D. Pivotal evaluation of the accuracy of a biomarker used for classification or prediction: Standards for study design. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 100, 14321438 (2008).

Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar

Zelig, D. et al. Paroxysmal slow wave events predict epilepsy following a first seizure. Epilepsia 63, 190198 (2022).

Article PubMed Google Scholar

Douw, L. et al. Functional connectivity is a sensitive predictor of epilepsy diagnosis after the first seizure. PLoS ONE 5, e10839 (2010).

Article ADS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar

Futoma, J., Simons, M., Panch, T., Doshi-Velez, F. & Celi, L. A. The myth of generalisability in clinical research and machine learning in health care. Lancet Digital Health 2, e489e492 (2020).

Article PubMed Google Scholar

Krumholz, A. et al. Evidence-based guideline: Management of an unprovoked first seizure in adults. Neurology 84, 1705 (2015).

Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar

Gloss, D. et al. Antiseizure medication withdrawal in seizure-free patients: Practice advisory update summary: Report of the AAN guideline subcommittee. Neurology 97, 10721081 (2021).

Article PubMed Google Scholar

Selvitelli, M. F., Walker, L. M., Schomer, D. L. & Chang, B. S. The relationship of interictal epileptiform discharges to clinical epilepsy severity: A study of routine electroencephalograms and review of the literature. J. Clin. Neurophysiol. 27, 8792 (2010).

Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar

Chu, C., Hsu, A.-L., Chou, K.-H., Bandettini, P. & Lin, C. Does feature selection improve classification accuracy? Impact of sample size and feature selection on classification using anatomical magnetic resonance images. Neuroimage 60, 5970 (2012).

Article PubMed Google Scholar

Jollans, L. et al. Quantifying performance of machine learning methods for neuroimaging data. Neuroimage 199, 351365 (2019).

Article PubMed Google Scholar

Fisher, R. S. Bad information in epilepsy care. Epilepsy Behav. 67, 133134 (2017).

Article PubMed Google Scholar

Buchhalter, J. et al. EEG parameters as endpoints in epilepsy clinical trialsAn expert panel opinion paper. Epilepsy Res. 187, 107028 (2022).

Read more here:

Machine-learning for the prediction of one-year seizure recurrence ... - Nature.com

Automated Machine Learning: Revolutionizing Predictive Analytics … – Fagen wasanni

AutoML, also known as Automated Machine Learning, is rapidly changing the landscape of predictive analytics and forecasting. It is a game-changing technology that is making data analysis more accessible, efficient, and accurate.

Traditionally, data scientists had to manually perform tasks such as data preprocessing, feature selection, algorithm choice, and model fine-tuning. This process required specialized knowledge and a significant amount of time. AutoML automates these tasks, reducing the time and expertise needed.

One of the revolutionary aspects of AutoML is its ability to automatically select the best algorithm for a given dataset. By evaluating multiple algorithms, it eliminates human bias and error, leading to more accurate predictions. Additionally, AutoML can optimize the parameters of the chosen algorithm, further improving predictive performance.

AutoMLs automation capabilities extend beyond model development to deployment and maintenance. It simplifies the complex and error-prone process of deploying models into production environments. It can also monitor deployed models, identify performance issues, and automatically retrain them if necessary. This end-to-end automation streamlines the predictive analytics process and ensures the models remain effective over time.

The democratization of predictive analytics is another significant benefit of AutoML. It makes predictive analytics accessible to non-data scientists, allowing them to develop and deploy models without a deep understanding of machine learning. This is particularly beneficial for small and medium-sized businesses that may not have the resources to hire a team of data scientists.

AutoML has a profound impact on predictive analytics and forecasting. It makes these processes faster, more accurate, and more accessible, enabling businesses and researchers to leverage the power of data like never before. However, challenges exist, such as the need for high-quality data and the complexity of the models it develops. Despite these challenges, the benefits of AutoML outweigh its drawbacks, making it a game-changing technology in the field of predictive analytics and forecasting.

As AutoML continues to evolve and mature, its impact on predictive analytics and forecasting is expected to grow further. It is revolutionizing the way data is analyzed and empowering businesses and researchers to make better-informed decisions based on data-driven insights.

Go here to read the rest:

Automated Machine Learning: Revolutionizing Predictive Analytics ... - Fagen wasanni

Machine learning identifies physical signs of stroke – Open Access Government

Researchers at the UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine and several medical institutions in Bulgaria collaborated on a study titled Smartphone-Enabled Machine Learning Algorithms for Autonomous Stroke Detection.

The study involved 240 stroke patients from four metropolitan stroke centers.

Within 72 hours of the onset of symptoms, the researchers recorded videos of the patients. They tested their arm strength to identify facial asymmetry, arm weakness, and speech changeswell-known physical signs of stroke.

To evaluate facial asymmetry, the researchers employed machine learning techniques to analyse 68 facial landmark points. They utilised a smartphones built-in 3D accelerometer, gyroscope, and magnetometer data to test arm weakness.

Mel-frequency cepstral coefficients were employed to detect speech changes, converting sound waves into images to compare standard and slurred speech patterns.

The app was then evaluated using neurologists reports and brain scan data, demonstrating high sensitivity and specificity in diagnosing stroke accurately in nearly all cases.

Dr Radoslav Raychev, a vascular and interventional neurologist from UCLAs David Geffen School of Medicine, expressed excitement about the potential impact of this app and machine learning technology on stroke care.

Identifying stroke symptoms swiftly and accurately is critical to ensure patient survival and facilitate regaining independence. With this apps deployment, the researchers hope to transform lives and improve the landscape of stroke care.

The revolutionary stroke detection app utilising machine learning shows promise in aiding the early identification of stroke symptoms, potentially saving lives and improving care.

This innovative application can play a pivotal role in transforming stroke care outcomes. Early detection is paramount in the treatment of strokes, as it allows for timely intervention and medical attention, which can make the difference between life and death for affected individuals.

Visit link:

Machine learning identifies physical signs of stroke - Open Access Government

AI and the Heart: How Machine Learning is Changing the Face of … – Fagen wasanni

Exploring the Intersection of AI and Cardiology: How Machine Learning is Revolutionizing Heart Care

The intersection of artificial intelligence (AI) and cardiology is proving to be a game-changer in the field of medicine. Machine learning, a subset of AI, is now at the forefront of revolutionizing heart care, making strides in the diagnosis, treatment, and management of heart diseases.

Machine learning algorithms are designed to learn from data and make predictions or decisions without being explicitly programmed. In the context of cardiology, these algorithms can analyze vast amounts of data, such as medical records, imaging data, and genetic profiles, to predict patient outcomes, identify disease patterns, and suggest optimal treatment strategies. This has the potential to significantly improve patient care and outcomes, while also reducing healthcare costs.

One of the key areas where machine learning is making a significant impact is in the early detection of heart diseases. Traditionally, heart diseases are diagnosed based on symptoms, physical examination, and various tests. However, these methods can sometimes be inaccurate or inconclusive. Machine learning algorithms, on the other hand, can analyze a wide range of data to identify subtle patterns and indicators of heart disease that may be missed by traditional methods. This can lead to earlier and more accurate diagnosis, allowing for timely intervention and treatment.

In addition to diagnosis, machine learning is also transforming the treatment of heart diseases. For instance, machine learning algorithms can analyze data from thousands of patients to identify the most effective treatment strategies for different types of heart diseases. This can help doctors make more informed decisions about treatment, leading to better patient outcomes.

Moreover, machine learning is playing a crucial role in the management of heart diseases. For example, wearable devices equipped with machine learning algorithms can continuously monitor a patients heart rate, blood pressure, and other vital signs. These devices can alert doctors to any abnormalities, allowing for immediate intervention. This can be particularly beneficial for patients with chronic heart conditions, as it can help prevent complications and hospitalizations.

Despite the promising potential of machine learning in cardiology, there are also challenges that need to be addressed. One of the main challenges is the need for large amounts of high-quality data to train the algorithms. This can be difficult to obtain due to privacy concerns and logistical issues. Additionally, there is a need for rigorous testing and validation of the algorithms to ensure their accuracy and reliability.

Furthermore, the integration of machine learning into clinical practice also requires changes in the healthcare system. This includes training healthcare professionals to use these technologies, updating regulations to accommodate these new technologies, and addressing ethical issues related to the use of AI in healthcare.

In conclusion, the intersection of AI and cardiology is ushering in a new era of heart care. Machine learning is revolutionizing the diagnosis, treatment, and management of heart diseases, offering the potential for improved patient care and outcomes. However, realizing this potential requires addressing the challenges associated with the use of AI in healthcare. As we continue to navigate this exciting frontier, it is clear that the future of cardiology will be shaped by the innovative application of machine learning.

Read the original:

AI and the Heart: How Machine Learning is Changing the Face of ... - Fagen wasanni

The Hidden Impact of AI in Photography and How Machine Learning … – Cryptopolitan

Description

Artificial Intelligence (AI) and machine learning have been quietly transforming photography, altering how we shoot and edit images. While more attention-grabbing technologies like Adobes Generative Fill feature in Photoshop have caught the eye, AIs subtler integrations in the photography field are playing a significant role. Here are five ways AI is invisibly enhancing your photography Read more

Artificial Intelligence (AI) and machine learning have been quietly transforming photography, altering how we shoot and edit images. While more attention-grabbing technologies like Adobes Generative Fill feature in Photoshop have caught the eye, AIs subtler integrations in the photography field are playing a significant role. Here are five ways AI is invisibly enhancing your photography experience.

Modern mirrorless cameras utilize machine learning algorithms to improve autofocus capabilities. While traditional autofocus systems rely on contrast detection and perspective analysis, a parallel process fueled by machine learning models is now at play. This AI-driven processor interprets the scene in real time, identifying subjects such as faces, objects, animals, and more. Cameras equipped with face and eye detection can lock focus on recognized subjects, providing improved precision and ease of use.

Smartphone cameras produce surprisingly high-quality images despite their small sensors and lenses. This is made possible by dedicated image processors enhanced with machine learning. Before the shutter button is even tapped, the camera system evaluates the scene and makes decisions based on detected elements, such as portraits or landscapes. After capturing multiple images with varying exposures and ISO settings, the processor blends them together, making adjustments based on scene recognition. The result is photos that rival those from larger-sensor cameras, achieved through the seamless integration of AI-driven image processing.

Image editing software has been utilizing machine learning-based people recognition for some time. Applications like Google Photos, Lightroom, and Apple Photos can easily identify specific individuals in photos, enabling users to locate images containing certain people quickly. This technology extends beyond photography to video editing, where programs like DaVinci Resolve can also recognize people in video footage. Additionally, facial feature recognition allows for more accurate selections and targeted adjustments in editing processes.

Auto-editing controls in photo software have evolved with the help of machine-learning models. For example, in Lightroom, clicking the Auto button in the Edit or Basic panels triggers Adobe Senseis cloud-based processing technology. The AI analyzes similar images in its database and applies relevant edit settings to improve the image. Other applications, such as Pixelmator Pro and Luminar Neo, offer similar AI-driven automatic editing features, giving users a starting point that can be further customized.

Machine learning technologies also assist photographers in quickly finding images without the need for extensive keywording. Many photo apps now employ object and scene recognition to scan images in the background or in the cloud. This allows users to perform searches based on recognized elements, such as landscapes, buildings, or animals. While not as precise as manually applied keywords, this AI-powered search feature saves time and streamlines the image retrieval process.

As AI-driven features become more integrated into photography tools, photographers are benefiting from improved precision, automatic adjustments, and simplified image searches. From camera autofocus to smartphone image processing, machine learning plays a crucial role in enhancing the visual experience for both professional and amateur photographers. Embracing these AI-powered capabilities allows photographers to focus on their craft, knowing that the technology is working seamlessly to enhance their creative vision.

View post:

The Hidden Impact of AI in Photography and How Machine Learning ... - Cryptopolitan

Machine learning-based technique for gain and resonance … – Nature.com

Thatere, A., Khade, S., Lande, V.S. & Chinchole, A. A T-shaped rectangular microstrip slot antenna for mid-band and 5G applications. JREAS6, 144146, https://doi.org/10.46565/jreas.2021.v06i03.007 (2021).

Moniruzzaman, M. et al. Gap coupled symmetric split ring resonator based near zero index ENG metamaterial for gain improvement of monopole antenna. Sci. Rep. 12, 7406. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-11029-7 (2022).

Article ADS CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar

Al-Bawri, S. S., Islam, M. T., Islam, M. S., Singh, M. J. & Alsaif, H. Massive metamaterial system-loaded MIMO antenna array for 5G base stations. Sci. Rep. 12, 14311. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-18329-y (2022).

Article ADS CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar

Shabbir, T. et al. 16-Port non-planar MIMO antenna system with Near-Zero-Index (NZI) metamaterial decoupling structure for 5G applications. IEEE Access 8, 157946157958. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2020.3020282 (2020).

Article Google Scholar

Jilani, M. A.K. etal. Design of 2 1 patch array antenna for 5G communications systems using mm-wave frequency band. In 2022 IEEE 12th Annual Computing and Communication Workshop and Conference (CCWC), 08570862, https://doi.org/10.1109/CCWC54503.2022.9720836 (IEEE, Las Vegas, NV, USA, 2022).

Padmanathan, S. et al. Compact multiband reconfigurable MIMO antenna for sub- 6GHz 5G mobile terminal. IEEE Access 10, 6024160252. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2022.3180048 (2022).

Article Google Scholar

Azim, R. etal. Low profile multi-slotted patch antenna for lower 5G application. In 2020 IEEE Region 10 Symposium (TENSYMP), 366369, https://doi.org/10.1109/TENSYMP50017.2020.9230892 (IEEE, Dhaka, Bangladesh, 2020).

Sun, J.-N., Li, J.-L. & Xia, L. A dual-polarized magneto-electric dipole antenna for application to N77/N78 band. IEEE Access 7, 161708161715. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2951414 (2019).

Article Google Scholar

Mathew, P. K. A three element Yagi Uda antenna for RFID systems. Director 50, 2 (2014).

Google Scholar

Agrawal, S. R., Lele, K. A. & Deshmukh, A. A. Review on printed log periodic and Yagi MSA. IJCA 126, 3844. https://doi.org/10.5120/ijca2015906177 (2015).

Article Google Scholar

Mushiake, Y. A report on Japanese development of antennas: From the YagiUda antenna to self-complementary antennas. IEEE Antennas Propag. Mag. 46, 4760. https://doi.org/10.1109/MAP.2004.1373999 (2004).

Article ADS Google Scholar

Kazema, T. & Michael, K. Gain improvement of the YagiUda antenna using genetic algorithm for application in DVB-T2 television signal reception in Tanzania. J. Interdiscip. Sci. (2017).

Dalvadi, P. & Patel, D. A. A comprehensive review of different feeding techniques for quasi Yagi antenna. IJETER 9, 221226, https://doi.org/10.30534/ijeter/2021/12932021 (2021)

Yurt, R., Torpi, H., Mahouti, P., Kizilay, A. & Koziel, S. Buried object characterization using ground penetrating radar assisted by data-driven surrogate-models. IEEE Access11, https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2023.3243132 (2023).

Bai, Y., Gardner, P., He, Y. & Sun, H. A surrogate modeling approach for frequency reconfigurable antennas. IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag.https://doi.org/10.1109/TAP.2023.3248446 (2023).

Article Google Scholar

Koziel, S. & Pietrenko-Dabrowska, A. Expedited variable-resolution surrogate modeling of miniaturized microwave passives in confined domains. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques70, https://doi.org/10.1109/TMTT.2022.3191327 (2022).

Yu, Y. etal. State-of-the-art: Ai-assisted surrogate modeling and optimization for microwave filters. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques70, https://doi.org/10.1109/TMTT.2022.3208898 (2022).

Kouhalvandi, L. & Matekovits, L. Surrogate modeling for designing and optimizing mimo antennas.https://doi.org/10.1109/AP-S/USNC-URSI47032.2022.9886514 (2022).

Article Google Scholar

Khan, M.M., Hossain, S., Mozumdar, P., Akter, S. & Ashique, R.H. A review on machine learning and deep learning for various antenna design applications. Heliyon8, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09317 (2022).

Abdelhamid, A.A. & Alotaibi, S.R. Robust prediction of the bandwidth of metamaterial antenna using deep learning. Computers, Materials and Continua, https://doi.org/10.32604/cmc.2022.025739 (2022).

El-Kenawy, E. S.M. etal. Optimized ensemble algorithm for predicting metamaterial antenna parameters. Computt. Mater. Continua., https://doi.org/10.32604/cmc.2022.023884 (2022).

Ranjan, P., Maurya, A., Gupta, H., Yadav, S. & Sharma, A. Ultra-wideband cpw fed band-notched monopole antenna optimization using machine learning. Progr. Electromagn. Res., https://doi.org/10.2528/PIERM21122802 (2022).

Olcan, D., Ninkovic, D., Stankovic, Z., Doncov, N. & Kolundzija, B. Training of deep neural networks with up to 10 million antennas. In 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation and USNC-URSI Radio Science Meeting (AP-S/URSI), 6566, https://doi.org/10.1109/AP-S/USNC-URSI47032.2022.9886271 (IEEE, Denver, CO, USA, 2022).

Hong, T., Liu, C. & Kadoch, M. Machine learning based antenna design for physical layer security in ambient backscatter communications. Wirel. Commun. Mob. Comput. 110, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/4870656 (2019).

Article Google Scholar

Barbano, N. Log periodic Yagi-Uda array. IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat. 14, 235238. https://doi.org/10.1109/TAP.1966.1138641 (1966).

Article ADS Google Scholar

Sharma, G., Sharma, A.N., Duvey, A. & Singhal, P.K. Yagi-Uda antenna for L-band frequency range. IJET1, 315, https://doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v1i4.234 (2012).

Jehangir, S. S. & Sharawi, M. S. A single layer semi-ring slot Yagi-like MIMO antenna system with high front-to-back ratio. IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat. 65, 937942. https://doi.org/10.1109/TAP.2016.2633938 (2017).

Article ADS Google Scholar

Soheilifar, M.R. Compact Yagi-Uda slot antenna with metamaterial element for wide bandwidth wireless application. Int. J. RF Microw. Comput. Aided Eng. 31, https://doi.org/10.1002/mmce.22380 (2021).

Althuwayb, A. A. MTM- and SIW-inspired bowtie antenna loaded with AMC for 5G mm-wave applications. Int. J. Antennas Propagat., https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6658819 (2021).

Article Google Scholar

Desai, A., Upadhyaya, T., Patel, J., Patel, R. & Palandoken, M. Flexible CPW fed transparent antenna for WLAN and sub-6 GHz 5G applications. Microw. Opt. Technol. Lett. 62, 20902103. https://doi.org/10.1002/mop.32287 (2020).

Article Google Scholar

Chen, Z., Zeng, M., Andrenko, A. S., Xu, Y. & Tan, H. A dual-band high-gain quasi-Yagi antenna with split-ring resonators for radio frequency energy harvesting. Microw. Opt. Technol. Lett. 61, 21742181. https://doi.org/10.1002/mop.31872 (2019).

Article Google Scholar

Mahmud, M.Z. etal. A dielectric resonator based line stripe miniaturized ultra-wideband antenna for fifth-generation applications. Int. J. Commun. Syst.34, https://doi.org/10.1002/dac.4740 (2021).

Chen, H. N., Song, J.-M. & Park, J.-D. A compact circularly polarized MIMO dielectric resonator antenna over electromagnetic band-gap surface for 5G applications. IEEE Access 7, 140889140898. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2943880 (2019).

Article Google Scholar

Haque, M.A., Zakariya, M.A., Singh, N. S.S., Rahman, M.A. & Paul, L.C. Parametric study of a dual-band quasi-yagi antenna for lte application. Bull. EEI12, 15131522, https://doi.org/10.11591/eei.v12i3.4639 (2023).

Ramos, A., Varum, T. & Matos, J. Compact multilayer Yagi-Uda based antenna for IoT/5G sensors. Sensors 18, 2914. https://doi.org/10.3390/s18092914 (2018).

Article ADS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar

Al-Bawri, S. S. et al. Metamaterial cell-based superstrate towards bandwidth and gain enhancement of quad-band CPW-Fed antenna for wireless applications. Sensors 20, 457. https://doi.org/10.3390/s20020457 (2020).

Article ADS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar

Haque, M. A. et al. A plowing t-shaped patch antenna for wifi and c band applications.https://doi.org/10.1109/ACMI53878.2021.9528266 (2021).

Oluwole, A.S. & Srivastava, V.M. Designing of Smart Antenna for improved directivity and gain at terahertz frequency range. In 2016 Progress in Electromagnetic Research Symposium (PIERS), 473473, https://doi.org/10.1109/PIERS.2016.7734369 (IEEE, Shanghai, China, 2016).

Haque, M. A. et al. Analysis of slotted e-shaped microstrip patch antenna for ku band applications.https://doi.org/10.1109/MICC53484.2021.9642100 (2021).

Pozar, D.M. Microwave Engineering (Wiley, 2011).

Hannan, S., Islam, M. T., Faruque, M. R. I., Chowdhury, M. E. H. & Musharavati, F. Angle-insensitive co-polarized metamaterial absorber based on equivalent circuit analysis for dual band WiFi applications. Sci. Rep. 11, 13791. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-93322-5 (2021).

Article ADS CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar

Hossain, A., Islam, M. T., Misran, N., Islam, M. S. & Samsuzzaman, M. A mutual coupled spider net-shaped triple split ring resonator based epsilon-negative metamaterials with high effective medium ratio for quad-band microwave applications. Results Phys. 22, 103902. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rinp.2021.103902 (2021).

Article Google Scholar

Ranjan, P., Gupta, H., Yadav, S. & Sharma, A. Machine learning assisted optimization and its application to hybrid dielectric resonator antenna design. Facta universitatis - series: Electron. Energeti 36, 3142. https://doi.org/10.2298/FUEE2301031R (2023).

Article Google Scholar

Pan, X. etal. Deep learning for drug repurposing: Methods, databases, and applications. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Computational Molecular Science12, https://doi.org/10.1002/wcms.1597 (2022).

Talpur, M. A.H., Khahro, S.H., Ali, T.H., Waseem, H.B. & Napiah, M. Computing travel impendences using trip generation regression model: a phenomenon of travel decision-making process of rural households. Environment, Development and Sustainabilityhttps://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-022-02288-5 (2022).

Nguyen, Q.H. etal. Influence of data splitting on performance of machine learning models in prediction of shear strength of soil. Mathematical Problems in Engineering2021, https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/4832864 (2021).

Choudhury, S., Thatoi, D. N., Hota, J. & Rao, M. D. Predicting crack through a well generalized and optimal tree-based regressor. IJSI 11, 783807. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSI-09-2019-0086 (2019).

Article Google Scholar

Laud, P. W. & Ibrahim, J. G. Predictive Model Selection. J. Roy. Stat. Soc.: Ser. B (Methodol.) 57, 247262. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2517-6161.1995.tb02028.x (1995).

Article MathSciNet MATH Google Scholar

Singh, B., Sihag, P. & Singh, K. Modelling of impact of water quality on infiltration rate of soil by random forest regression. Modeling Earth Systems and Environment3, https://doi.org/10.1007/s40808-017-0347-3 (2017).

Rathore, S.S. & Kumar, S. A decision tree regression based approach for the number of software faults prediction. ACM SIGSOFT Software Engineering Notes41, https://doi.org/10.1145/2853073.2853083 (2016).

Madhuri, C. H., Anuradha, G. & Pujitha, M. V. House price prediction using regression techniques: A comparative study.https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSSS.2019.8882834 (2019).

Article Google Scholar

Pasha, G. R., Akbar, M. & Shah, A. Application of ridge regression to multicollinear data. J. res. Sci 15, 97106 (2004).

Google Scholar

Osman, A. I.A., Ahmed, A.N., Chow, M.F., Huang, Y.F. & El-Shafie, A. Extreme gradient boosting (xgboost) model to predict the groundwater levels in selangor malaysia. Ain Shams Engineering Journal12, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asej.2020.11.011 (2021).

Raftery, A.E., Madigan, D. & Hoeting, J.A. Bayesian model averaging for linear regression models. Journal of the American Statistical Association92, https://doi.org/10.1080/01621459.1997.10473615 (1997).

Schulz, E., Speekenbrink, M. & Krause, A. A tutorial on Gaussian process regression: Modelling, exploring, and exploiting functions. J. Math. Psychol. 85, 116. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmp.2018.03.001 (2018).

Article MathSciNet MATH Google Scholar

Yurt, R. et al. Buried object characterization by data-driven surrogates and regression-enabled hyperbolic signature extraction. Sci. Rep. 13, 5717. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-32925-6 (2023).

Article ADS CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar

Doreswamy, KS, H., Km, Y. & Gad, I. Forecasting Air Pollution Particulate Matter (PM2.5) Using Machine Learning Regression Models. Procedia Computer Science171, 20572066, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2020.04.221 (2020).

Shetty, S.A., Padmashree, T., Sagar, B.M. & Cauvery, N.K. Performance Analysis on Machine Learning Algorithms with Deep Learning Model for Crop Yield Prediction. In JeenaJacob, I., KolandapalayamShanmugam, S., Piramuthu, S. & Falkowski-Gilski, P. (eds.) Data Intelligence and Cognitive Informatics, 739750, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-8530-2_58 (Springer Singapore, Singapore, 2021). Series Title: Algorithms for Intelligent Systems.

Kumar, R., Kumar, P. & Kumar, Y. Time series data prediction using IoT and machine learning technique. Procedia Comput. Sci. 167, 373381. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2020.03.240 (2020).

Article Google Scholar

Istaiteh, O., Owais, T., Al-Madi, N. & Abu-Soud, S. Machine learning approaches for COVID-19 forecasting. In 2020 International Conference on Intelligent Data Science Technologies and Applications (IDSTA), 5057, https://doi.org/10.1109/IDSTA50958.2020.9264101 (IEEE, Valencia, Spain, 2020).

Barua, L., Sharif, M. & Akter, T. Analyzing cervical cancer by using an ensemble learning approach based on meta classifier. IJCA 182, 2933. https://doi.org/10.5120/ijca2019918619 (2019).

Article Google Scholar

de Myttenaere, A., Golden, B., Le Grand, B. & Rossi, F. Mean absolute percentage error for regression models. Neurocomputing 192, 3848. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neucom.2015.12.114 (2016).

Article Google Scholar

Gelman, A., Goodrich, B., Gabry, J. & Vehtari, A. R-squared for Bayesian regression models. Am. Stat. 73, 307309. https://doi.org/10.1080/00031305.2018.1549100 (2019).

Article MathSciNet MATH Google Scholar

Weiming, J.M. Mastering Python for Finance (Packt Publishing Ltd, 2015).

Singh, O. et al. Microstrip line fed dielectric resonator antenna optimization using machine learning algorithms. Sadhana Acad. Proc. Eng. Sci.https://doi.org/10.1007/s12046-022-01989-x (2022).

Article Google Scholar

Haque, M. A. et al. Dual band antenna design and prediction of resonance frequency using machine learning approaches. Appl. Sci. 12, 10505. https://doi.org/10.3390/app122010505 (2022).

Article CAS Google Scholar

See original here:

Machine learning-based technique for gain and resonance ... - Nature.com

Machine learning for the development of diagnostic models of … – Nature.com

Design

This was a prospective multicenter observational study. Unlike studies on prognostic models, in the present study, diagnostic models were developed, that is, models designed to determine whether a patient was in the compensated or decompensated phase of their disease (exacerbation of COPD and/or HF decompensation).

The criteria for admission to this study and the recruitment process have been previously reported19. Patients older than 55years who were able to walk at least 30m, with a main diagnosis of decompensated HF and/or exacerbation of COPD and hospitalized in the Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiology or Pneumology were included. Participants with a pacemaker or intracardiac device, domiciliary oxygen therapy users prior to admission and patients with HF functional class IV of the New York Heart Association (NYHA) classification were excluded29.

Four hospitals participated: two tertiary university hospitals (600900 hospital beds) and two regional secondary care hospitals (150400 hospital beds) in the provinces of Barcelona and Madrid.

Each center had a trained interviewer, and each department had a referring physician who was accessible to the interviewer. Each day, the interviewer contacted the referring physician to review the hospitalization census and identify patients with the diagnosis of interest. Next, the interviewer confirmed the main diagnosis (decompensated HF and/or exacerbation of COPD) with the physician responsible for the patient and then contacted the participant (the same day or the next day) to obtain informed consent and verify compliance with all admission criteria of this study. The sample was obtained through convenience sampling, and all patients were enrolled consecutively as they were identified.

The recruitment and follow-up periods lasted 18months starting in November 2010.

Each patient underwent three identical evaluations: the first in the hospitalization unit (V1) and the other two consecutively and at least 24h apart in the participants home 30days after hospital discharge (V2 and V3). Thus, each participant underwent one evaluation in the decompensated phase (V1) and two in the compensated phase (V2, V3) of their disease.

The evaluation protocol19 included documentation of symptoms (dyspnea according to the NYHA29 and Modified Medical Research Council (mMRC)30 scales) and physiological parameters (HR and Ox) in two consecutive periods: effort (walking at a normal pace and on flat terrain for a maximum of 6min) and recovery (seated for 4min after the end of the effort period).

HR and Ox were considered time series with a sample frequency of 1Hz and were collected throughout the evaluation with a pulse oximeter (Model 3100, brand Nonin Medical, Inc., Plymouth, MN, USA) placed on the left index finger.

Given the absence of a single standard diagnostic test to verify whether a patient was in the compensated or decompensated phase of their disease, the clinical judgment of the participants responsible physician was considered a standard diagnostic test. Thus, in the decompensated phase, the diagnosis of decompensated HF and/or COPD exacerbation corresponded to the confirmed diagnosis from the participants attending physician (in cases of diagnostic doubt, the patient was excluded). For the compensated phase, a standard diagnosis of compensated HF and/or stable COPD was confirmed by a study physician through telephone contact with the participant 30days after hospital discharge. During this telephone interaction, the patient was considered to be in the compensated phase if none of the following events had occurred since hospital discharge: increased cough, sputum or dyspnea; initiation of or an increase in corticosteroid use; and initiation of antibiotic treatment or medical consultation for worsening of the clinical situation from any cause. In cases of doubt or if the compensated phase could not be confirmed, successive telephone contacts were made until the phase could be confirmed. The interviewer scheduled home visits for the respective evaluations (V2, V3) only after confirmation and within 2448h of receiving confirmation.

Given the objective of this study (development of an online algorithm capable of detecting the onset of an exacerbation from HR and Ox data), various characteristics of each of the evaluations were extracted (V1, V2, V3). For this purpose, the effort phase (walking) and recovery phase of each evaluation were separated by verifying the times recorded manually in the data collection records at the beginning and end of each phase of the test and visually reviewing the signals to confirm the manual records. Once the signals were separated according to the evaluation phase, the corresponding characteristics of the available measures were extracted.

Numerous characteristics were extracted from the signals. During each of the tests, two different phases were considered: effort and recovery, which were treated separately. From each of the phases, three signals were considered: HR, Ox and the normalized difference between these variables. From each of these three temporal signals, the characteristics of the temporal (the mean, standard deviation, and range) and frequency domains (the characteristics of the first and second harmonics, the distribution of the harmonics [kurtosis and skewness], the sum of all harmonics and the six first indices of the principal component analysis [PCA] for the normalized fast Fourier transform [FFT] of the signal) were extracted. Accordingly, 16 characteristics were obtained from each phase (effort and recovery) of each signal (HR, Ox, and the normalized difference between these), resulting in a total of 96 characteristics for each evaluation. The normalized difference between Ox and HR was defined using the sklearn standardscaler function (the mathematical formula is available at https://scikit-learn.org/stable/modules/generated/sklearn.preprocessing.StandardScaler.html), and PCA was applied to the HR and Ox time series using the sklearn.decomposition.PCA function (formula available at https://scikit-learn.org/stable/modules/generated/sklearn.decomposition.PCA.html). Regarding the selection of the first 6 components of the PCA, this decision was made based on the researchers' criteria, considering that typically in this type of analysis, the first 3 to 6 components are considered.

Given that the main objective of this study was the detection of a transition from a state considered normal or stable (HF or COPD in the compensated phase [V2, V3]) to a state of decompensation or exacerbation (decompensated phase [V1]), a methodological scheme was applied based on calculation of the differences between the evaluations of each available characteristic. Thus, if a patient had three evaluations (V1, V2 and V3), six differences or useful comparative signals were obtained from these evaluations (V1V2, V1V3, V2V1, V2V3, V3V1, V3V2). The label of each of these comparative signals is illustrated in Fig.1.

Labeling and interpretation of comparative signals.

Although the differences V1V2 and V1V3 might be more appropriately considered decompensation recovery rather than no decompensation, we decided to discard a third label category (decompensation recovery) due to the small sample size and because the main objective of the trial was the detection of decompensation.

In a first approximation, potential predictive characteristics were selected using the random forest31, gradient boosting classifier31 and light gradient-boosting machine (LGBM)32 classification algorithms, which integrate the functions of characteristic selection by importance within the decision. We selected the top 10 features based on their importance ranking within the structure of each classifier model.

Figure2 shows an outline of the process for preparation and selection of the characteristics of the signals.

Process for preparation and selection of the characteristics of the evaluations.

During the process of selecting characteristics, all those that were redundant or had very low variabilities were discarded. In this study, by definition, we did not have variables with perfect separation that could cause overestimation of the diagnostic capacity of the models (overfitting)26.

In addition to the characteristics selected from the HR and Ox signals, the age, sex and baseline disease (HF or COPD) of the patients were considered potential predictors.

For the development of the algorithms, the ML techniques most used in the studies of classification models were considered: (i) decision trees, (ii) random forest, (iii) k-nearest neighbor (KNN), (iv) support vector machine (SVM), (v) logistic regression, (vi) naive Bayes classifier, (vii) gradient-boosting classifier and (viii) LGBM.

For each of these techniques, hyperparameters were selected based on a brute force scheme using all available data through a cross-validation scheme (K-fold cross-validation, k=5). A normalization process based on the medians and interquartile ranges (IQRs) was applied to all characteristics31.

Once the best parameters of each technique were identified, internal validation was performed with a leave-one-patient-out method. Thus, a new model was calculated for each patient by replacing the models data from the training and validation sets with the patients data. Figure3 shows an outline of the training and validation process.

Scheme of the training and validation of the study algorithms.

The observation units (inputs) on which the algorithms were applied were the differences between two different evaluations, as illustrated in Fig.1. Thus, the algorithms classified the evaluated difference as a state of no decompensation (label=0) or a change to decompensation (label=1). Therefore, the following parameters were defined:

True positive (TP) a change to decompensation as the classification result for a V3V1 or V2V1 comparison.

True negative (TN) no decompensation as the classification result for a V1V2, V1V3, V2V3 or V3V2 comparison.

False positive (FP) change to decompensation as the classification result for a V1V2, V1V3, V2V3 or V3V2 comparison.

False negative (FN) no decompensation as the classification result for a V3V1 or V2V1 comparison.

The parameters used to evaluate the diagnostic performance of the algorithms were S, E and accuracy (A). Each patient could have up to six observation units or inputs; therefore, up to six classification results were obtained, which were then defined as TP, TN, FP or FN. Then, the S, E and A were obtained for each patient. The final S, E and A of the entire sample were calculated from the mean of the parameters obtained from each patient.

The predictive values were not considered because the proportions of evaluations in the decompensated phase (33% [V1]) and compensated phase (66% [V2, V3]) did not correspond to the usual proportion found in clinical practice (the vast majority of patients in the community are usually in the compensated phase).

Missing data were not included in the analysis, but patients with missing data were not excluded (all available patient data were included in the analysis). No imputation of the missing data was performed.

During the process of signal review and verification of the start and end times of each evaluation from the manual records, missing sections of HR and/or Ox data due to poor contact between the skin and the sensor were observed. This incidence caused the introduction of some filters to be applied to exclude these missing sections from the analysis. Thus, an evaluation was excluded if it had a loss rate (missing measures divided by the total number of measures) greater than 10% in any phase. In addition, evaluations performed at home (V2, V3) that did not reveal an improvement in the sensation of dyspnea for the patient (of at least one point according to the mMRC scale30) with respect to the decompensated phase evaluation (V1) were also excluded to ensure that home assessments were performed in the compensated phase.

No indeterminate results were noted in the index test (algorithms); in all cases, the model produced a no decompensation or a change to decompensation result. On the other hand, all evaluations were always performed after a definitive result of the standard diagnostic reference test: clinical diagnosis of the decompensated phase by the doctor responsible for the patient in the hospital evaluation (V1) and clinical diagnosis of the compensated phase by the doctor who contacted the patients by phone before home evaluations (V2, V3). Thus, the algorithms were developed and applied on evaluations clearly labeled as the compensated or decompensated phase by the reference diagnostic test.

All methods and procedures were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations. The study followed the principles contained in the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the Ethics and Research Committee (ERC) of the center promoting the study (ERC of the Matar Hospital, approval number 1851806). Informed consent was obtained from all participants and/or their legal guardians.

See the rest here:

Machine learning for the development of diagnostic models of ... - Nature.com