Cyclica Forms Multi-Year and Multi-Project Drug Discovery Partnership with the Genome Institute of Singapore – Yahoo Finance

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Cyclica announces a multi-year and multi-project collaboration with the Genome Institute of Singapore (GIS), a research institute under the Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR). Cyclica and GIS will carry out research efforts spanning from polypharmacology profiling to novel compound design for diverse drug discovery programs in oncology and related diseases. The collaboration will leverage GIS deep expertise in functional genomics, drug target discovery, and data analytics, and Cyclicas AI-augmented and proprietary, Ligand Design and Ligand Express platform.

The world-class team of scientists at GIS will conduct new compound design and off-target profiling to discover hits and subsequently develop the lead compounds. GIS will perform functional analyses and testing of compounds derived from Cyclicas drug discovery platform against gene targets of interest to GIS. This cross-border collaboration provides a unique opportunity to tailor drug identification and development efforts in a holistic way that will enable the advancement of precision medicine. By empowering researchers and healthcare institutes who are at the forefront of innovation, Cyclica and GIS will pave the way to decentralize the drug discovery process and develop the next generation of improved treatments for patients based on the individuals disease features.

Dr. Tam Wai Leong, Group Leader of Precision Oncology at GIS, said, "Applying AI-augmented approaches towards drug design is innovative and forward-looking. It has the potential to rapidly grow the arsenal of new drugs in our fight against diseases like cancer, especially in an era of genomic medicine where physicians and scientists can better define the underlying genetic and molecular drivers of cancers."

Professor Liu Jianjun, Deputy Executive Director at GIS, added, "Our ability to harness advanced genomic technologies has enhanced our discovery of genetic contributions to a spectrum of diseases, including cancer. Many of these important cancer drivers currently do not have drugs that target them. We believe that machine learning and deep learning models will shorten the time and cost for the development of new therapeutics, and are pleased to collaborate with Cyclica to further our efforts in developing therapeutics that can have a positive impact on patients."

"The calibre of genomic research at GIS is world-class. We are thrilled to have the opportunity to work with many leading scientists at GIS to innovate novel therapeutics, based on genomic discoveries, for a wide range of diseases. This opportunity to make a meaningful contribution and impact to patients are common values we share with our partners at GIS," said Dr. Verner De Biasi, VP, Global Head of Strategic Partnerships at Cyclica.

About Cyclica, Inc. (Cyclica)

Cyclica is a Toronto, Canada based biotechnology company that is decentralizing the discovery of new medicines with its integrated structure-based and AI-augmented drug discovery platform, Ligand Design and Ligand Express. Taken together Ligand Design and Ligand Express design advanced lead-like molecules that minimize unwanted off-target effects, while providing a holistic understanding of a molecule's activity through integrated systems biology and structural pharmacogenomics. Cyclicas differentiated platform opens new opportunities for drug discovery, including multi-targeted and multi-objective drug design, lead optimization, ADMET-property prediction, target deconvolution, and drug repurposing for a wide range of indications. With a world-class team with deep roots in industry and a first-in-class integrated drug discovery platform, Cyclica will spark a surge of innovation through a combination of venture creation and partnerships with early-stage and emerging biotech companies. By doing more with AI, Cyclica will revolutionize a system troubled with attrition and costly failures, accelerate the drug discovery process, and develop medicines with greater precision.

View source version on businesswire.com: https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20200414005071/en/

Contacts

Davesh Chauhandavesh.chauhan@cyclicarx.com

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Cyclica Forms Multi-Year and Multi-Project Drug Discovery Partnership with the Genome Institute of Singapore - Yahoo Finance

NCLA Warns FDAs Over-regulation Will Adversely Affect Public Health During Crisis – Yahoo Finance

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NCLA Comments in Support of Citizen Petition Filed on Behalf of the Coalition to Preserve Access to Pharmacogenomics (PGx) Information, Docket No. FDA-2020-P-0152

Washington, D.C., April 14, 2020 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- If weve learned anything from the COVID-19 pandemic, it is that federal agencies that overstep their authority hinder the health and safety of Americans. Other recent regulatory actions by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) threaten to undermine the ability of clinical laboratories to provide healthcare professionals and patients with information critical to optimizing drug usage and avoiding adverse events. The New Civil Liberties Alliance is especially concerned that the FDAs decision to prevent the dissemination of information related to the impact of genetic variants on drug response (Pharmacogenomics or PGx) will adversely affect public health.

Today NCLA, a nonpartisan, nonprofit civil rights group, filed commentsin support of the Citizen Petition filed on January 9, 2020, by Hyman, Phelps & McNamara, P.C. on behalf of the Coalition to Preserve Access to Pharmacogenomics (Pgx) Information. NCLAs comments focus on two concerns: (1) FDAs efforts to suppress truthful speech violate the First Amendment rights of clinical laboratories as well as of those doctors and patients who wish to receive PGx information from those labs; and (2) FDAs defense of its speech suppression cannot be reconciled with the U.S. Constitutions separation of powers. FDA claims unlimited administrative discretion to prohibit the operation of all clinical laboratories, but it does not have the power to prosecute only those laboratories that disseminate truthful information of which FDA disapproves.

FDAs position also raises significant due-process concerns because it deprives the regulated community of fair notice of how to conform its conduct to FDAs expectations and permits enforcement officials to make up the rules on the fly. Laboratories have long been at the forefront of efforts to quickly develop tests for detecting the presence of new pathogens; they need considerable flexibility to meet the publics time-sensitive need for such tests. FDA should rescind its speech-suppression policy for laboratories that engage in PGx testing. Any new FDA policy on PGx tests should be developed through a notice-and-comment rulemaking proceeding that complies with the Administrative Procedure Act.

NCLA released the following statements:

FDA simply lacks constitutional authority to adopt legislation of its own accord and then proceed to apply that legislation to the regulated community. Only Congress may adopt federal laws restricting individual liberty. FDA should grant the Citizen Petition filed by the Coalition.

Rich Samp, Senior Litigation Counsel, NCLA

Although the FDA claims its speech-suppression policy protects patients, FDAs restrictions on laboratories marketing LDTs are far more likely to cause harm than to benefit public health. Laboratories are in a unique position to disseminate truthful information about gene-drug associations for new drugs. FDAs policy denies patients optimal treatment.

Jared McClain, Staff Counsel, NCLA

ABOUT NCLA

NCLA is a nonpartisan, nonprofit civil rights group founded by prominent legal scholarPhilip Hamburgerto protect constitutional freedoms from violations by the Administrative State. NCLAs public-interest litigation and other pro bono advocacy strive to tame the unlawful power of state and federal agencies and to foster a new civil liberties movement that will help restore Americans fundamental rights.

For more information visit us online atNCLAlegal.org.

###

Judy Pino, Communications DirectorNew Civil Liberties Alliance202-869-5218media@ncla.legal

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NCLA Warns FDAs Over-regulation Will Adversely Affect Public Health During Crisis - Yahoo Finance

Pharmacogenomics | Cleveland Clinic

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Overview Overview

The Center for Personalized Genetic Healthcare (CPGH) offers comprehensive pharmacogenomics services to individuals who are not responding to medication regimens or who are experiencing adverse side effects.

CPGH offers pharmacogenomics counseling, which can be incorporated into your medical care.

Prior to requesting an appointment, you will need to obtain a referral from your physician. If you are a patient outside the Cleveland Clinic health system, please have your physician complete a referral form and fax to 216.445.6935. To learn more about how to prepare for your appointment, review the "Before Your Visit" tab.

The Center for Personalized Genetic Healthcare (CPGH) is committed to providing comprehensive clinical genetic services, education and support to patients and family members. Our team of genetic experts will work with other Cleveland Clinic primary care providers and specialists to personalize your care by incorporating your genetic information into your overall health care plan.

You should consider having a pharmacogenomic evaluation if you have a personal history or have concerns about the following:

Contact your primary care provider or the Center for Personalized Genetic Healthcare (CPGH) to discuss whether a pharmacogenomics consultation is appropriate for you.

Prior to requesting an appointment, you will need to obtain a physician referral. If you are a patient outside the Cleveland Clinic health system, please have your physician complete a referral form and fax to 216.445.6935.

If you are a patient outside the Cleveland Clinic health system, you should send an authorization for the release of medical records form to each external facility. You may arrange to have medical records faxed (30 pages or less) to our department at 216.445.6935 or sent postal mail.

Cleveland Clinic Center for Personalized Genetic Healthcare Attn: Pharmacogenomics Clinic 9500 Euclid Ave. NE50 Cleveland, OH 44195

To make the most out of your visit, you should gather medication and health history information prior to your appointment. It may be helpful for you to prepare a list of current and past medications. Specifically, you will want to consider the following:

We will provide personalized expert counseling and education to you and your family. During your visit, you will see a genetics expert (clinical geneticist) and a pharmacogenomics clinical specialist for a genetics evaluation. You may also be scheduled with other Cleveland Clinic providers during your visit depending on your medical needs and physician availability.

After your visit, it may take anywhere from a few days up to two weeks for your clinical appointment notes to reach the healthcare providers that you requested to receive a copy. We are also glad to communicate with your healthcare providers about your case as needed. You are always welcome to follow up with us with questions regarding your visit.

Genetics consult and testing are billed as two separate services.

If genetic testing is indicated, your genetics provider will discuss costs and insurance coverage during your appointment.

Some patients are concerned that their genetic information may be used against them. To learn about your patient rights and protections in place to prevent genetic discrimination, read this article on GINA.

To learn more about billing options and financial assistance, review our billing and insurance information.

Prior to requesting an appointment, you will need to obtain a referral from your physician. If you are a patient outside the Cleveland Clinic health system, please have your physician complete a referral form and fax to 216.445.6935. To learn more about how to prepare for your appointment, review the "Before Your Visit" tab.

To schedule an appointment, please call 216.636.1768 or 800.998.4785.

T Building - Center for Personalized Genetic Healthcare9204 Euclid Ave.Cleveland , OH 44195

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Pharmacogenomics | Cleveland Clinic

Pharmacogenomics Market Is Set To Grow During 2020 To 2029 | Value Chain, Future Guidelines and Profit Margin – True Version

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Global Pharmacogenomics Market Report concentrates on the strong analysis of the present state of Pharmacogenomics Market which will help the readers to develop innovative strategies that will act as a catalyst for the overall growth of their industry.

The Global Pharmacogenomics Market research report of competitive analysis, statistical analysis, development trend, end-user analysis, historical data and forecast from 2020-2029. The Pharmacogenomics Market providing a comprehensive analysis of the market share, growth, size, trend, demand, outlook, classification, revenue details, competitive scenario, industry analysis, markets forecast, manufacturers, type, application, and Pharmacogenomics industry overview. The global Pharmacogenomics market report provide complete information regarding different factors driving or constraining business sector development. It gives a forecast on the estimation of the way of Pharmacogenomics market development. Key players can consider statistics, tables & figures mentioned in this report for strategic planning which lead to the success of the organizations such as Dynamic DNA Laboratories, Assurex Health Inc, Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc, Abbott Laboratories, Empire Genomics LLC, Myriad Genetics Inc, Illumina Inc, OPKO Health Inc (GeneDx), Hoffmann-La Roche AG and OneOme LLC.

This Pharmacogenomics market report provides information regarding the revenue (USD Million) and volume (Kilo Tons) for the period 2019 to 2029. It further elaborates the market drivers which contribute to the growth. It then describes the restraints that are faced by the market. The market is classified into various segments with in-depth analysis of each segment for the study period. The report classifies the market into different segments based on Technology, Application, End User, And Region. These segments are studied in detail incorporating the market estimates and forecasts at the regional and country level. The segment analysis is useful in understanding the growth areas and probable opportunities of the market.

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This report contains a complete product overview and its scope in the market to define the key terms and provide the clients a holistic idea of the market and its tendency. It comprehensively evaluates the global Pharmacogenomics market with different perspectives for the purpose of providing a detailed informative and accurate analysis of regional growth, competition, market segmentation, and other important aspects.

The Pharmacogenomics Market is segmented based on

Segmentation by technology:

Polymerase Chain ReactionMicroarraySequencingMass SpectrometryElectrophoresisOthersSegmentation by application:

OncologyInfectious diseasesCardiovascular diseasesNeurological diseasesPsychiatryPain managementOthersSegmentation by end user:

Hospitals and clinicsResearch institutionsAcademic institutes

Geographically, this report is segmented into several key Regions, with revenue (million USD), production, consumption, and market share and growth rate of Pharmacogenomics in these regions, from 20202 to 2029 (forecast), covering multiple geographies such as North America, South America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, and Middle East & Africa. Some of the major countries covered in this report are U.S., Canada, Germany, France, U.K., Netherlands, Switzerland, Turkey, Russia, China, India, South Korea, Japan, Australia, Singapore, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, and Brazil

Top key questions answered in this report:

1. What are the major factors influencing the growth of the market (opportunities, drivers, industry-specific challenges, growth potential, and risks)?

2. Which consumer segment accounted for the highest sales of Pharmacogenomics in 2020?

3. What are the business risks and factors concerning the market?

4. What are some of the most promising, high-growth opportunities for Pharmacogenomics market by Technology, Application, End User, And Region?

5. Which region offers the most lucrative opportunities for the market in 2020?

6. What Pharmacogenomics product types will be the most in-demand in the recent year?

7. What sales channel will account for the largest sales?

8. What are the major challenges facing the Pharmacogenomics market?

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Pharmacogenomics Market Is Set To Grow During 2020 To 2029 | Value Chain, Future Guidelines and Profit Margin - True Version

Can connected healthcare lead to better patient outcomes? – EPM Magazine

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Daniel Streetman,manager of referential content in the Metabolism, Interactions, & Genomics group with Clinical Effectiveness at Wolters Kluwer,discusses the potential for pharmacogenomics to transform prescribed drugs and reduce instances of adverse drug reactions.

Prescribing the correct drug to a patient at the correct dosage is one of the most common daily challenges faced by clinicians, especially when the drug triggers an unexpected side effect.

There are a variety of reasons why drug treatments might not work as anticipated, including the patients genetic profile. This is why more work is now taking place to understand the complex relationship between the genome and drug response, in the fast-growing field of pharmacogenomics.

Pharmacogenomics allows clinicians to use a patients genetic information to guide both drug and dose selection, meaning they become less reliant on a trial-and-error approach to prescribing. During the treatment assessment it quickly becomes possible to identify drugs likely to prove ineffective for a certain patient and whether there are unique dosing or side effect implications. With this added insight, pharmacogenomics could potentially be a game-changer for personalised medicine, having an impact across a wide range of disciplines.

A key challenge in increasing the use of genomics-based information is that many clinicians, operating under extreme pressure, dont understand it or havent had time to process it properly.

This is where clinical decision support tools like Lexicomp a point-of-care drug information resource from Wolters Kluwer has an important role to play in accelerating the use of pharmacogenomics, by making such data easier for clinicians to access.

Lexicomp has built genomics information into drug reference resources, with the aim of highlighting possibly important drug-gene pairings to clinicians in a clear, concise form, with actionable recommendations. The information should be readily available to any professional involved in drug administration, including hospital consultants, first responders, GPs and nurses as well as pharmacists.

Regulators are also encouraging the healthcare sector to embrace genomics. By providing guidance to drug companies on how to introduce biomarker information to their labelling, they have been helping legitimise the role of pharmacogenomics among the wider clinical community.

A major appeal of pharmacogenomics is that it has the potential to impact a wide range of clinical areas. Cardiology, psychology and oncology, for example, are all key areas of investigation. Some researchers also believe that an improved pharmacogenomics infrastructure could be the key to innovation in drug development for Alzheimers Disease, a condition that is projected to have a global cost to society of US$20.8 trillion between 2015-2050.

There is genuine optimism about the potential for pharmacogenomics to move into the mainstream over the next 5-10 years, especially as more patients genetic data becomes available. However, the growth of this new science could also bring challenges. One concern could be over-expectation about the possibilities of pharmacogenomics within the professional community and among patients. In a recent report into the ethics of pharmacogenetics, the Nuffield Council on Bioethics Report touched on the risk of over-promising when it said that genomics might not be about finding the right drug for the right person, but instead suggesting a potential drug preference for genetically defined groups.

Despite some of the concerns, the NHS is well-placed to drive the global pharmacogenomic agenda. The UK is already a pioneer in the field of genetic testing, with a history of sequencing genomes. The cutting-edge work into genomics by the NHS large teaching hospitals and the potential for knowledge and information-sharing between NHS Trusts could deliver these advances at scale and pace for patient benefit.

It will prove far harder for a genomic-based system to develop in countries where the healthcare system is fragmented and siloed and genetic data is less accessible.

The pace of change in genomics will be accelerated further by the new NHS Genomic Medicine Service, which should soon be operational, helping genomic screening and personalised treatments to become the norm. By 2025, it is predicted that half a million whole genomes should be sequenced through different NHS care pathways.

This scale of genomic data will be one of the key drivers to help turn pharmacogenomics from a promising new technology into a mainstream practice, leading to better and safe outcomes for patients.

Dr. Daniel S. Streetman, PharmD, MS, is the manager of referential content in the Metabolism, Interactions, & Genomics group with Clinical Effectiveness at Wolters Kluwer Health. He completed a research fellowship in clinical pharmacology, with an emphasis in pharmacogenomics, at Bassett Healthcare in Cooperstown, NY, and was a clinical faculty member at the University of Michigan for several years prior to joining Wolters Kluwer. Dr. Streetman continues to maintain an academic relationship with several schools, lecturing on pharmacogenomics and other topics.

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Can connected healthcare lead to better patient outcomes? - EPM Magazine

Suicide research could be the mortality breakthrough of the 2020s – Health Data Management

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Bloomberg--Whats the medical breakthrough that could save the most lives in the U.S. over the next ten years? In the 2020s, medical research will likely inch forward when it comes to major killers like heart disease and cancer. But the biggest potential to save lives could lie in learning to prevent suicide.

The rates of reported suicides have been creeping up over the last two decades. Even more disturbingly, CDC reports that the suicide death rate for teens increased 56 percent between 2007 and 2017. Rising suicide rates might be a result of many things rising levels of despair, the opioid epidemic, greater access to guns, even the proliferation of Internet groups that offer people advice on how to kill themselves. It could also be that more people are reporting suicides instead of concealing such deaths as accidents.

Its a surprisingly common form of deathmore prevalent than homicide or automobile accidents. Unlike cancer and heart disease, which are leading causes of death among the old, suicide robs people of decades of life. According to CDC statistics, it is the second most prevalent cause of death, after accidents, for people between 10 and 34 and fourth for people between 34 and 54.

Because it hasnt been all that thoroughly studied as a medical problem, theres room to cut down on that death toll even without any remarkable technological breakthrough. A streamlined three-digit suicide hotline number, approved last month by FCC, could become one of the great public health measures of the century. Further out on the frontier, researchers are having some success using artificial intelligence to identify suicidal peoplethose whose lives might be saved by talk therapy or drugs.

John Pestian, director of the computational medicine center at Cincinnati Childrens Hospital, explains that there are different kinds of suicides. Some are driven primarily by chronic mental illness, while others are more impulsive. Those with chronic mental illness may make repeated attempts. People have a powerful instinct to live, he says, and for their psychological pain to override this, it must be incredibly intense. Hes hoping to help such people through pharmacogenomicsfinding drugs that will ease their chronic emotional pain.

The more impulsive cases are simpler to preventthink of the teenager whose boyfriend or girlfriend just left, or a Wall Street trader who lost all his money, he says. If someone is going through an acute crisis and wants to jump out a window, the right words spoken at the right time might be the only treatment needed to save a life.

Renowned suicide researcher Edwin Schneidman writes in The Suicidal Mind that therapists can help people in this state by getting them to consider alternatives besides killing themselveshelping them see that that they have choices. He describes how he helped a suicidal college student who felt hopeless after she found out she was pregnant. He got her to consider which of her options was least terrible, and she recovered.

In the memorable 2003 New Yorker story Jumpers, Tad Friend describes conversations with several people who survived after jumping off the Golden Gate Bridge. They told him that they recognized their mistake before they hit the water: I instantly realized that everything in my life that Id thought was unfixable was totally fixableexcept for having just jumped, one said. Another left a note saying Im going to walk to the bridge. If one person smiles at me on the way, I will not jump.

To learn more about the reasons people decide to take their own lives, Pestian and other researchers are amassing troves of data. Right now, he says, he has the biggest collection of suicide notes in the country, as well as samples of speech and body language from suicidal patients. There are clues in these that therapists can look forand patterns that algorithms can use to identify those most at risk.

He says suicide hotlines are crucial, and he approves of the idea of amending the current one, created in 2005, from the usual ten digits to just three: 988. Even so, its not quite as simple as it sounds, he says: there will also have to be the right kinds of resources at the other end of the line.

According to one news story, an FCC committee estimated that those resources would cost $570 million in the first year and $175 million the next. This is pocket change compared with, say, routine mammography, which costs Americans billions and the value of which has been called into question.

As for AI, using algorithms to predict anyones behavior can sound scary, especially the use of systems that attempt to label Facebook users as suicidal from their posts or others that gather data from users smartphones. But Pestian believes that theres potential for AI to do much good in the area of suicide, as long as its only used to support human decision-making, and humans dont delegate the decision making to machines.

He has developed algorithms that work with what he calls sentiment dataacoustic, visual or language patterns that differ between the suicidal and non-suicidal. In a paper published in 2016 in the journal Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, he applied an algorithm to interviews with a sample of 379 people, some known to be suicidal, some diagnosed with mental illness but not suicidal, and a healthy control group. The algorithm used speech, facial expressions and body language to identify the suicidal group with 85 percent accuracy.

Thats not perfect, but its better than doctors can do. Pestian has recently gotten a contract with Oak Ridge National Laboratory to apply AI to the rampant problem of suicide among veterans. According to a report from the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, more than 6,000 veterans die by suicide every yeara rate 50 percent higher than that in the general adult population.

We may not know the reason for the rising suicide rate, but we do know it is killing too many people, and that those deaths ought to be preventable. While science has a pretty detailed understanding of cancer and heart problems, suicide was studied by relatively few researchers until recently.

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Suicide research could be the mortality breakthrough of the 2020s - Health Data Management

Pharmacogenomics Market: Predictable To Witness Sustainable Evolution over 2020-2030 – Cole of Duty

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Prophecy Market Insights Pharmacogenomics market research report provides a comprehensive, 360-degree analysis of the targeted market which helps stakeholders to identify the opportunities as well as challenges during COVID-19 pandemic across the globe.

Pharmacogenomics Devices Market reports provide in-depth analysis of Top Players, Geography, End users, Applications, Competitor analysis, Revenue, Financial Analysis, Market Share, COVID-19 Analysis, Trends and Forecast 2020-2029. It incorporates market evolution study, involving the current scenario, growth rate, and capacity inflation prospects, based on Porters Five Forces and DROT analyses.

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An executive summary provides the markets definition, application, overview, classifications, product specifications, manufacturing processes; raw materials, and cost structures.

Market Dynamics offers drivers, restraints, challenges, trends, and opportunities of the Pharmacogenomics market

Detailed analysis of the COVID-19 impact will be given in the report, as our analyst and research associates are working hard to understand the impact of COVID-19 disaster on many corporations, sectors and help our clients in taking excellent business decisions. We acknowledge everyone who is doing their part in this financial and healthcare crisis.

Segment Level Analysis in terms of types, product, geography, demography, etc. along with market size forecast

Segmentation Overview:

The Pharmacogenomics research study comprises 100+ market data Tables, Graphs & Figures, Pie Chat to understand detailed analysis of the market. The predictions estimated in the market report have been resulted in using proven research techniques, methodologies, and assumptions. This Pharmacogenomics market report states the market overview, historical data along with size, growth, share, demand, and revenue of the global industry.

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Regional and Country- level Analysis different geographical areas are studied deeply and an economical scenario has been offered to support new entrants, leading market players, and investors to regulate emerging economies. The top producers and consumers focus on production, product capacity, value, consumption, growth opportunity, and market share in these key regions, covering

The comprehensive list of Key Market Players along with their market overview, product protocol, key highlights, key financial issues, SWOT analysis, and business strategies. The report dedicatedly offers helpful solutions for players to increase their clients on a global scale and expand their favour significantly over the forecast period. The report also serves strategic decision-making solutions for the clients.

Competitive landscape Analysis provides mergers and acquisitions, collaborations along with new product launches, heat map analysis, and market presence and specificity analysis.

PharmacogenomicsMarket Key Players:

Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., Qiagen N.V., F.Hoffmann-La Roche AG, Abbot Laboratories, Diatech Pharmacogenetics, and Assurex Health Inc.

The study analyses the manufacturing and processing requirements, project funding, project cost, project economics, profit margins, predicted returns on investment, etc. With the tables and figures, the report provides key statistics on the state of the industry and is a valuable source of guidance and direction for companies and individuals interested in the market.

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Pharmacogenomics Market: Predictable To Witness Sustainable Evolution over 2020-2030 - Cole of Duty

Pharmacogenomic (PGx) Testing Market Projected to Experience Major Revenue Boost during the Period between 2018-2028 – Health News Office

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Report Description

A recent market intelligence report that is published by Data Insights Partner ontheglobal Waterproofing Chemicals marketmakes an offering of in-depth analysis of segments and sub-segments in the regional and internationalWaterproofing Chemicals market. The research also emphasizes on the impact of restraints, drivers, and macro indicators on the regional and globalWaterproofing Chemicals market overthe short as well as long period of time. A detailed presentation of forecast, trends, and dollar values of globalWaterproofing Chemicals market isoffered. In accordance with the report, theglobal Waterproofing Chemicals market isprojected to expand at a CAGR of10%over the period of forecast.

Market Insight, Drivers, Restraints& Opportunity of the Market:

Waterprofing chemicals are the chemical products which are used to protect the internal and external areas for water proofing for several types of materials (most particularly concrete and plastic materials). The key companies available in the market provide those water proofing chemicals as standard chemicals as well as customized on the basis of the requirements of the clients. The advantages for using the water proofing chemicals are excellent durability of the materials, prevention of honeycombing, improved surface finished, less damage by the chemicals present in the water etc. The global Waterproofing Chemicals market is primarily driven by the increasing cost effectiveness of water proofing chemicals, and high quality of constructions in coastal areas in developed nations. Conversely, the growth of the global Waterproofing Chemicals market would likely to restrain by the less adoption rate Waterproofing Chemicals in developing countries in the upcoming period. However, new product development, strategic alliances such as collaborations among key players, marketing activities etc. would provide the global Waterproofing Chemicals market an opportunity to propel during the forecast period. For instance, Berger Paints acquired a Kolkata based firm in October 2019- the Kolkata based firm which is a stalwart in making construction chemicals, also has another division related to waterproofing chemicals. On the other hand, Pidilite Industries India Private Limited, has fortified its marketing campaign to strengthen its Dr. Fixit, waterproofing chemicals division through the celebrity endorsement (or TVC campaign).

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Segment Covered:

This market intelligence report on the global Waterproofing Chemicals market encompasses market segments based on technology, application, chemicals, and country. On the basis of application, the global Waterproofing Chemicals market is segregated into floors and basements, waste and water management, tunnel liners, and roofing and walls. In terms of technology, the global Waterproofing Chemicals market is categorized coating and lams, integral systems, and preformed membranes. In terms of chemistry, the global market is classified into bitumen, PVC, TPO, EPDM, elastomars and others. By country/region, the global Waterproofing Chemicals market has been divided into North America (the U.S., Canada), Latin America (Brazil, Mexico, Argentina and other countries), Europe (Germany, France, the U.K., Spain, Italy, Russia, and other countries), Asia Pacific (India, Japan, China, Australia and New Zealand and other countries), Middle East and Africa (GCC, South Africa, Israel and Other countries).

Profiling of Market Players:

This business intelligence report offers profiling of reputed companies that are operating in the market. Companies such as SIKA AG, Fosroc International Limited, The DOW Chemical Company, BASF SE, Pidilite Industries Limited, Drizoro S.A.U., Mapei S.P.A, and others have been profiled into detail so as to offer a glimpse of the market leaders. Moreover, parameters such as Waterproofing Chemicals related investment & spending and developments by major players of the market are tracked in this global report.

Report Highlights:

In-depth analysis of the micro and macro indicators, market trends, and forecasts of demand is offered by this business intelligence report. Furthermore, the report offers a vivid picture of the factors that are steering and restraining the growth of this market across all geographical segments. In addition to that, IGR-Growth Matrix analysis is also provided in the report so as to share insight of the investment areas that new or existing market players can take into consideration. Various analytical tools such as DRO analysis, Porters five forces analysis has been used in this report to present a clear picture of the market. The study focuses on the present market trends and provides market forecast from the year 2017-2027. Emerging trends that would shape the market demand in the years to come have been highlighted in this report. A competitive analysis in each of the geographical segments gives an insight into market share of the global players.

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This study offers comprehensive yet detailed analysis of theWaterproofing Chemicals market, size of the market (US$ Mn), and Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR (%)) for the period of forecast: 2019 2027, taking into account 2018 as the base year

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Profiling of key market players in the worldWaterproofing Chemicals marketis done by taking into account various parameters such as company strategies, distribution strategies, product portfolio, financial performance, key developments, geographical presence, and company overview

Leading market players covered this report comprise names suchSIKA AG, Fosroc International Limited, The DOW Chemical Company, BASF SE, Pidilite Industries Limited, Drizoro S.A.U., Mapei S.P.A, andamong others

The data of this report would allow management authorities and marketers of companies alike to take informed decision when it comes to launch of products, government initiatives, marketing tactics and expansion, and technical up gradation

The world market forWaterproofing Chemicals catersto the needs of various stakeholders pertaining to this industry, namely suppliers, manufacturers, investors, and distributors forWaterproofing Chemicals market.The research also caters to the rising needs of consulting and research firms, financial analysts, and new market entrants

Research methodologies that have been adopted for the purpose of this study have been clearly elaborated so as to facilitate better understanding of the reports

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Pharmacogenomic (PGx) Testing Market Projected to Experience Major Revenue Boost during the Period between 2018-2028 - Health News Office

The Innovations That Will Revolutionize Health Care in Colorado – 5280 | The Denver Magazine

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Say goodbye to insulin injections and hello to snake toxins.

From penicillin to 3D-printed kidneys, the medical field has long served as a major catalyst of human ingenuity. In Colorado, that innovation doesnt appear to be slowing down. Centennial State institutions are helping pioneer treatments that could revolutionize health careboth today and in the years ahead.

A Gilded PillAbout 416,000 adults in Colorado suffer from diabetes. No wonder, then, that oral insulin (read: no more needles) is considered the holy grail of diabetes care. Denvers Creekside Endocrine Associates is part of the quest as one of only 37 places in the country testing an insulin pill developed by New Yorks Oramed Pharmaceutical. The key is ensuring the capsule reaches the liver before dissolving in stomach acid. If successful, the pill could also drastically lower the average cost of diabetes care, which is currently nearly $10,000 a year in the United States.

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Conversation StarterThis past August, UCHealth introduced the world to Alexas nerdy cousin, Livi. An artificial-intelligence-based virtual assistant, Livi can be summoned on an Amazon Echo by saying Alexa, ask UCHealth. Users can then pepper her with commands like Email me information on Crohns disease or Find me a neurologist, and Livi will consult network sources to locate the information. UCHealth hopes to expand Livis capabilities over the next few years. This fall, for example, she was integrated into its electronic medical record system and mobile app so she can check your test results and appointment times.

Game TheoryIn 2017, Childrens Hospital Colorado unveiled one of the first full-time hospital gaming and technology departments in the world. Patients with movement-debilitating illnesses such as cerebral palsy get the much-needed, potentially dexterity-improving activity they require by donning virtual reality and augmented reality headsets and, for example, exploring alien planets. The diversions can also make it easier for kids to undergo difficult treatments: The anxiety a child feels before a lumbar puncturean injection of medicine into her spinal fluidmight be lessened if she can confront the procedure while wielding a lightsaber.

Snake Venom SalesmanA professor at the University of Northern Colorado might have finally found a way for serpents to pay penance for the whole exile-from-Eden thing: Stephen Mackessys Venom Analysis Lab, which launched in the mid-1990s, has shown that toxins from some venomous snakes are capable of preventing cancer cells from metastasizing. The next step (likely still years away) is finding an application method that would weaponize compounds in the venom against a humans cancer without harming the humans body.

Good GenesBoth Lutheran Medical Center and Kaiser Permanente are early practitioners of pharmacogenomicsbasically, how your DNA affects your bodys reactions to medicines. In Lutherans pilot program, primary care providers give some patients the option of a 20-second cheek swab. Pharmacists and doctors can use subsequent genetic-testing reports to provide recommendations, such as lowering a dosage because genetic traits reveal your body might absorb drugs faster or suggesting you avoid a particular medication.

This article appeared in the 2020 issue of 5280 Health.

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The Innovations That Will Revolutionize Health Care in Colorado - 5280 | The Denver Magazine

Global Pharmacogenomics (PGx) by leading manufacturers with its application and types 2020 2025| Abbott Laboratories, Affymetrix, Inc. – News Log…

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Los Angeles, United State,January 2020 :

The report attempts to offer high-quality and accurate analysis of the global Pharmacogenomics (PGx) market, keeping in view market forecasts, competitive intelligence, and technological risks and advancements, and other important subjects. Its carefully crafted market intelligence allows market participants to understand the most significant developments in the global Pharmacogenomics (PGx) market that are impacting their business. Readers can become aware of crucial opportunities available in the global Pharmacogenomics (PGx) market as well as key factors driving and arresting market growth. The research study also provides deep geographical analysis of the global Pharmacogenomics (PGx) market and sheds light on important applications and products that market players can focus on for achieving strong growth.

Major players profiled in the report

We follow industry-best practices and primary and secondary research methodologies to prepare our market research publications. Our analysts take references from company websites, government documents, press releases, and financial reports and conduct face-to-face or telephonic interviews with industry experts for collecting information and data. There is one complete section of the report dedicated for authors list, data sources, methodology/research approach, and publishers disclaimer. Then there is another section that includes research findings and conclusion.

Get PDF template of Pharmacogenomics (PGx) market report@ https://www.qyresearch.com/sample-form/form/994732/global-Pharmacogenomics-PGx-market

This report focuses on the global top players, coveredAbbott LaboratoriesAffymetrix, Inc.Assurex Health, IncAstrazenecaGeneDXIllumina, Inc.Laboratory Corporation of America HoldingsMyriad Genetics, Inc.Pathway GenomicsPfizer, IncQiagen, Inc.RochegTeva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd.Thermo Fisher ScientificTransgenomic, Inc.

Market segment by Regions/Countries, this report coversNorth AmericaEuropeChinaRest of Asia PacificCentral & South AmericaMiddle East & Africa

Market segment by Type, the product can be split intoPolymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)MicroarraySequencingOther

Market segment by Application, the market can be split intoCardiovascular Diseases (CVD)Central Nervous System (CNS)Cancer/OncologyInfectious DiseasesOther

Market Forecasting

Besides short-term and long-term estimations related to the global Pharmacogenomics (PGx) market, we provide you with demand, consumption, growth, and various other forecasts. We take your specific requirements into consideration and provide you the most applicable forecasts for the market. You can simplify your critical decision-making process using our forecasts on the global market. Our unbiased insights into critical aspects of the market will assist you to strengthen your market position and ensure lasting success in the long run. They will also help you to address the challenges you face in the market when reaching your milestones.

Customized Research

Our analysts are not only experts in preparing accurate and detailed market research reports but also customizing them according to your business needs. We can customize this entire report on the global Pharmacogenomics (PGx) market and also specific sections such as financial analysis, competitive intelligence, insights and innovation, target market analysis, strategy and planning, and market analysis. Our report customization can cover merger and acquisition screening, IPO prospectus, economic impact analysis, industry benchmarking, competitive landscape, due diligence, and company analysis.

Apart from the sections mentioned above, our report on the global Pharmacogenomics (PGx) market can be customized keeping in view other aspects such as research and development landscape, patent analysis, product competition, mega trend analysis, marketing mix modeling, go-to-market strategy, technology, B2B survey, and strategic frameworks. Furthermore, you can ask for customization of market scenario analysis, strategic recommendations, market potential analysis, identification of opportunities, market forecasting, market entry, market sizing, market attractiveness, and market segmentation.

Table of Contents

Study Coverage: This is the first section of the report that includes highlights of market segmentation, years covered, study objectives, major manufactures of the global Pharmacogenomics (PGx) market, and product scope.

Executive Summary: Here, the report sheds light on production, revenue, consumption, and capacity of the market. It also brings to light macroscopic indicators, drivers, restraints, and trends of the market.

Manufacturer Profiles: This section gives broad analysis of key players of the global Pharmacogenomics (PGx) market on the basis of different factors such as recent developments, market share, and gross margin. It also provides SWOT analysis.

Production by Region: All of the regions analyzed in the report are studied here based on key factors such as production, revenue, market share, and import and export.

Consumption by Region: Each regional market studied here is analyzed on the basis of consumption and consumption share of the global market.

Market Size by Product: It includes price, revenue, and market breakdown analysis by type of product.

Market Size by Application: It includes consumption, breakdown data, and consumption share analysis by application.

The report answers several questions about the Pharmacogenomics (PGx) market includes:

What will be the market size of Pharmacogenomics (PGx) market in 2025?What will be the Pharmacogenomics (PGx) growth rate in 2025?Which key factors drive the market?Who are the key market players for Pharmacogenomics (PGx)?Which strategies are used by top players in the market?What are the key market trends in Pharmacogenomics (PGx)?Which trends and challenges will influence the growth of market?Which barriers do the Pharmacogenomics (PGx) markets face?What are the market opportunities for vendors and what are the threats faced by them?What are the most important outcomes of the five forces analysis of the Pharmacogenomics (PGx) market?

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Global Pharmacogenomics (PGx) by leading manufacturers with its application and types 2020 2025| Abbott Laboratories, Affymetrix, Inc. - News Log...

Manchester University to Add Master’s Degree in Nutrition – Inside INdiana Business

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Grand Park Director Named to Board By Reed Parker Writer/Reporter2019-10-24T13:23:49Z

Grand Park Sports Campus Director William Knox has been named to the Advisory Board for Sportology 2020, a nationwide sports technology conference. Knox will discuss how technology can best support the sports industry and events community. The conference is set for March 2020 in Fort Worth, Texas. Knox holds a degree from Indiana University.

A new regional flight option is coming to Indianapolis. United Airlines will Sunday begin offering local customers flights on what it calls the worlds only two-cabin, 50-seat regional aircraft to Chicago OHare.

Zionsville-based 120WaterAudit has added two tech veterans to its executive team. The tech company, which provides a cloud-based water software platform, says the additions will support its continued momentum, following its recently-completed $7 million funding round.

While construction workers in Wisconsin were responsible for laying the keel of the brand new combat ship USS Indianapolis, the duty of commissioning the vessel is bestowed upon Indiana. The states first U.S. Navy vessel commissioning ceremony will take place Saturday at the Port of Indiana-Burns Harbor.

The vast expanse of wind turbines in northwest Indiana appears to be set for expansion. Northern Indiana Public Service Co., a subsidiary of Merrillville-based NiSource (NYSE: NI), and Texas-based EDP Renewables North America LLC have agreed to collaborate on a 302-megawatt wind farm in White County.

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Manchester University to Add Master's Degree in Nutrition - Inside INdiana Business

The global pharmacogenomics market generated $5,312.8 million in 2017 and is projected to reach $10,265.5 million by 2025, growing at a CAGR of 8.61%…

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New York, Oct. 23, 2019 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Reportlinker.com announces the release of the report "Pharmacogenomics Market by Technology, Application, and End User: Opportunity Analysis and Industry Forecast, 2017 - 2025" - https://www.reportlinker.com/p05793256/?utm_source=GNW

The global pharmacogenomics market generated $5,312.8 million in 2017 and is projected to reach $10,265.5 million by 2025, growing at a CAGR of 8.61% from 2018 to 2025. Pharmacogenomics is the field of science that evaluates the genetic makeup of an individual that affects the response to drugs. Pharmacogenomics combines the knowledge of pharmacology and genomics. It deals with the interaction of genetic variation and its influence over the drug response in patients by correlating genetic expression and its variability leading to drugs efficacy or toxicity. There has been a surge in demand for the use of pharmacogenomics as a tool to customize and optimize drug therapy to suit the patients genomic profile ensuring maximum efficacy and minimal adverse effects. Pharmacogenomics is a branch which studies the correlation between the genomic profile of the patient and the effects of drug over it. Pharmacogenomics belongs to the field of personalized medicine that promises the development of pharmacogenomics-based diagnostics tests in which drugs and drug combinations are optimized suiting the individual genotype. Pharmacogenomics is a field of science dealing with the identification of single nucleotide polymorphism in the interspecies and the effects it has over the drug diagnosis test that is used to identify the best suited drug, which is expected to not have an adverse effect on the patient and help the drug act effectively on the target. There is an increase in the demand for pharmacogenomics-based drug discovery and diagnostics owing to growth in prevalence of cancer, drug recalls, surge in awareness of pharmacogenomics diagnosis for treatment of cancer, higher number of R&D studies, and rise in adoption of pharmacogenomics in the development of drugs for pain management with better efficacy. Government initiatives and huge investments by private companies in R&D drive the pharmacogenomics market. Furthermore, surge in the aging population and rise in the global incidences of cancer are anticipated to boost the market growth. The application of high throughput genomic technologies in biomedical research and therapeutic procedures accelerate the market progression. The global pharmacogenomics market is segmented based on technology, application, end user, and region. Based on technology, the market is segregated as polymerase chain reaction, microarray, sequencing techniques, mass spectrometry and electrophoresis. Based on application, the pharmacogenomics market is further categorized into cancer, cardiovascular diseases, infectious diseases, neurological diseases and pain management among others. Based on end user, it is segmented as hospitals & clinics, research institutions and academic institutes. Based on region, the market is studied across North America (U.S., Canada, and Mexico), Europe (Germany, France, the UK, and rest of Europe), Asia-Pacific (China, Japan, Australia, India, and rest of Asia-Pacific), and LAMEA (Brazil, and rest of LAMEA).

KEY MARKET BENEFITS The study provides an in-depth analysis of the global pharmacogenomics market share along with the current trends and future estimations to elucidate the imminent investment pockets. The report presents a quantitative analysis of the market to enable stakeholders to capitalize on the prevailing market opportunities. An extensive analysis of the market based on application assists in understanding the trends in the industry. The key market players along with their strategies are thoroughly analyzed to understand the competitive outlook of the industry.

KEY MARKET SEGMENTS

Market by Technology o Polymerase Chain Reaction o Microarray o Sequencing o Mass Spectrometry o Electrophoresis o Others

Market by Application o Oncology o Infectious diseases o Cardiovascular diseases o Neurological diseases o Psychiatry o Pain management o Others

By End User o Hospitals and clinics o Research institutions o Academic institutes

By Region North America o U.S. o Canada o Mexico Europe o Germany o France o UK o Rest of Europe Asia-Pacific o Japan o China o India o Australia o Rest of Asia-Pacific LAMEA o Brazil o Rest of LAMEA The list of key players operating in this market includes: Abbott Laboratories Admera Health Dynamic DNA Laboratories Empire Genomics, LLC F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd. Illumina, Inc OneOme, LLC Myriad Genetics Inc OPKO Health, Inc (GeneDx.) Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc

The other players included in the value chain analysis (and not included in the report) include: Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. Assurex Health Inc. Admera Health Bayer AGRead the full report: https://www.reportlinker.com/p05793256/?utm_source=GNW

About ReportlinkerReportLinker is an award-winning market research solution. Reportlinker finds and organizes the latest industry data so you get all the market research you need - instantly, in one place.

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The global pharmacogenomics market generated $5,312.8 million in 2017 and is projected to reach $10,265.5 million by 2025, growing at a CAGR of 8.61%...

Precision medicine and pharmacogenomics – Mayo Clinic

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Precision medicine and pharmacogenomics

Personalized medicine holds the promise that treatments will one day be tailored to your genetic makeup.

Modern medications save millions of lives a year. Yet any one medication might not work for you, even if it works for other people. Or it might cause severe side effects for you but not for someone else.

Your age, lifestyle and health all influence your response to medications. But so do your genes. Pharmacogenomics is the study of how a person's unique genetic makeup (genome) influences his or her response to medications.

Precision medicine aims to customize health care, with decisions and treatments tailored to each individual in every way possible. Pharmacogenomics is part of precision medicine.

Although genomic testing is still a relatively new development in drug treatment, this field is rapidly expanding. Currently, more than 200 drugs have label information regarding pharmacogenomic biomarkers some measurable or identifiable genetic information that can be used to individualize the use of a drug.

Each gene provides the blueprint for the production of a certain protein in the body. A particular protein may have an important role in drug treatment for one of several reasons, including the following:

When researchers compare the genomes of people taking the same drug, they may discover that a set of people who share a certain genetic variation also share a common treatment response, such as:

This kind of treatment information is currently used to improve the selection and dosage of drugs to treat a wide range of conditions, including cardiovascular disease, lung disease, HIV infection, cancer, arthritis, high cholesterol and depression.

In cancer treatments, there are two genomes that may influence prescribing decisions the genome of the person with cancer (the germline genome) and the genome of the cancerous (malignant) tumor (the somatic genome).

There are many causes of cancer, but most cancers are associated with damaged DNA that allows cells to grow unchecked. The "incorrect" genetic material of the unchecked growth the malignant tumor is really a separate genome that may provide clues for treatment.

One example is thiopurine methyltransferase (TPMT) testing for people who are candidates for thiopurine drug therapy. Thiopurine drugs are used to treat some autoimmune disorders, including Crohn's disease and rheumatoid arthritis, as well as some types of cancer, such as childhood leukemia.

The TPMT enzyme helps break down thiopurine drugs. People who are TPMT deficient don't break down and clear out these drugs quickly enough. As a result, the drug concentration in the body is too high and increases the risk of side effects, such as damage to the bone marrow (hematopoietic toxicity).

Genetic testing can identify people with TPMT deficiency so that their doctors can take steps to reduce the risk of serious side effects by prescribing lower than usual doses of thiopurine drugs or by using other drugs instead.

Although pharmacogenomics has great promise and has made important strides in recent years, it's still in its early stages. Clinical trials are needed not only to identify links between genes and treatment outcomes but also to confirm initial findings, clarify the meaning of these associations and translate them into prescribing guidelines.

Nonetheless, progress in this field points toward a time when pharmacogenomics will be part of routine medical care at least for some drugs.

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Precision medicine and pharmacogenomics - Mayo Clinic

Understanding Pharmacogenomics | Cancer.Net

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Pharmacogenomics studies how medicine interacts with inherited genes. This includes how inherited genes affect the way medications work for each person. Genetic differences mean that a drug can be safe for 1 person but harmful for another. One person may experience severe side effects from it. Another may not, even when given a similar dose.

Standard genetic testing. Standard genetic testing searches for specific genes. For example, BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes. These genes are linked with a higher risk of breast and ovarian cancer. Standard genetic test results may prompt preventive steps.

Preventive steps include:

Pharmacogenomics. Pharmacogenomics is a kind of genetic testing. It looks for small variations within genes. These variations may affect whether genes activate or deactivate specific drugs. Test results help the doctor choose the safest and most effective drug and dose.

Pharmacogenomics is constantly changing. Researchers continue to identify gene variations that affect how a drug works. As personalized medicine grows, testing for gene variations may become more common.

Drug activation. Many drugs that treat cancer need activation to work. Activation is the process of turning on. Proteins called enzymes speed up chemical reactions in the body. This activates a drug so that it can do its job.

Each person inherits variations in enzymes. The variations affect how fast a drug changes into its active form. For example, some people break down drugs slowly. This means standard doses of treatment may not work as well.

Drug deactivation. Drugs also need deactivation to limit the drugs exposure to healthy tissues. Deactivation is the process of turning off.

Some people may have slower enzymes. As a result, high levels of the drug may remain in their bodies for a long time. This means that they may have more side effects from the drug.

Besides pharmacogenomics, other factors may influence a persons reaction to a drug:

Here are some of the benefits of pharmacogenomics:

It may improve patient safety. Severe drug reactions cause more than an estimated 120,000 hospitalizations each year. Pharmacogenomics may prevent these by identifying patients at risk.

It may improve health care costs and efficiency. Pharmacogenomics may help find appropriate medications and doses more quickly.

Here are some challenges in the development and practical use of pharmacogenomics:

It is expensive, particularly if insurance does not cover the costs.

Access to certain tests may be limited in some places.

Privacy issues remain, despite federal antidiscrimination laws. These laws prohibit discrimination based on genetic information.

Here are some examples of pharmacogenomic testing in cancer care:

Colorectal cancer. Irinotecan (Camptosar) is a type of chemotherapy. Doctors commonly use it to treat colon cancer. In some people, genetic variations cause a shortage of the UGT1A1 enzyme. This enzyme is responsible for metabolizing irinotecan. Metabolism is the chemical reaction that helps the body process the drug.

With a UGT1A1 shortage, higher levels of irinotecan remain in the body. This may lead to severe and potentially life-threatening side effects. The risk is greater with higher doses of the drug.

Doctors may use a pharmacogenomic test called the UGT1A1 test. It shows which people have this genetic variation. Then, the doctor may prescribe a lower dose of irinotecan. Often, the lower dose is just as effective for these people.

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Doctors use pharmacogenomic testing for children with ALL. About 10% of people have genetic variations in an enzyme called thiopurine methyltransferase (TPMT). TPMT is responsible for metabolizing chemotherapy for ALL.

Children with lower TPMT levels receive lower chemotherapy doses. This prevents severe side effects.

Other cancer types. Fluorouracil (5-FU) is a type of chemotherapy. Its used to treat several types of cancer including colorectal, breast, stomach, and pancreatic cancers.

A genetic variation in some people causes lower levels of the enzyme called dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD). DPD helps the body metabolize fluorouracil.

Doctors may use a pharmacogenomic test to find this variation. If found, a lower fluorouracil dose helps prevent serious side effects.

Talk with your health care team about your treatment options and consider asking the questions below:

What are my treatment options?

Which treatment or combination of treatments do you recommend? Why?

Do these treatments work differently in different people? If so, are there tests to find these differences?

What are the possible side effects of this treatment?

Could my genetic makeup affect my bodys response to treatment?

Is there a way to predict how my body will respond to this drug? To predict whether I might experience severe side effects?

What are my options if the cancer does not respond to the drug? Or if I experience severe side effects?

Whom should I call with questions or problems?

Genetics

National Institutes of Health: Frequently Asked Questions About Pharmacogenomics

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Understanding Pharmacogenomics | Cancer.Net

Pharmacogenomics Program – mayo.edu

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Drugs and Genes Conference

Getting you the right drug at the right dose at the right time is the goal of pharmacogenomics, which involves studying how your specific DNA sequence influences your response to medications.

The drugs available today to treat cancer, heart disease and other conditions are powerful agents that work as intended in most patients. Yet, in some people, a particular drug at the standard dose might not work well enough or may even trigger a serious adverse reaction. The reasons for this lie, at least in part, in your genes.

By using your unique genetic makeup as a factor when prescribing a drug for you, your doctor can maximize treatment effectiveness while avoiding potentially life-threatening side effects.

Pharmacogenomics can help us answer a broad range of questions, such as:

Results from a subset of the 77 "pharmacogenes" will be placed into the electronic health record (EHR) and an interpretive report will be placed into the patient's medical record.

Most electronic medical record systems are not equipped to alert the pharmacist or physician to these drug-gene interactions. The RIGHT10K study is utilizing the infrastructure built together with the RIGHT study at Mayo Clinic, which alerts to physicians in the drug prescription process so that patients get the right drug at the right time in the right amount.

The BEAUTY study performed whole-genome sequencing before and after neoadjuvant therapy (drug therapy before surgery) in women newly diagnosed with breast cancer.

Pharmacogenomics Program researchers are then comparing then compared the tumor genome before and after neoadjuvant therapy against the patient's germline genome the sequence of DNA in normal, noncancerous tissue in order to match the genomic response to therapy.

Read results of the BEAUTY study.

Based on the findings to-date from BEAUTY, clinicians are personalizing therapy to help ensure that women with breast cancer resistant to current therapy receive the right combination of drugs resulting in the highest chance of a cure. BEAUTY 2 participants will experience this approach and seamless health care in the treatment of breast cancer, during the crucial time between diagnosis and prior to surgery.

The PROMISE study will use participants' biopsies of metastatic breast cancer to obtain detailed information regarding the genetic makeup of the tumor as well as the host (germline) genome, with the goal of developing personalized treatment approaches to improve patient outcomes. Endocrine resistance is common in breast cancer patients, and while the drug palbociclib in combination with endocrine therapy has provided substantial improvements in progression free survival in women with metastatic breast cancer, that is not the case for all patients.

The PROMOTE study took an approach similar to the BEAUTY study, but for prostate cancer. The Pharmacogenomics Program hopes to elucidate the DNA sequences associated with response to therapy in order to identify new treatment options for patients with advanced prostate cancer that has resisted all conventional therapies.

This study also included groundbreaking work with mouse avatars, again to identify new and novel treatment options.

Patients with coronary artery disease often come into the emergency room requiring placement of one or more stents. In the TAILOR-PCI study, we are determining the specific DNA variant that might indicate whether the patient should receive the anticoagulant drug clopidogrel or an alternative drug, a question that has vexed cardiologists for years.

Safer and more effective treatment decisions will be systematically based upon genetic information.

Projects in Computational and Genomic Medicine, such as the joint NIH U54 and an NSFcenter grant project, blend the computational analysis, pharmacogenomics, and supercomputing expertise of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign with the medical informatics and clinical practice expertise of Mayo Clinic. Researchers will develop new and innovative processes, such as artificial intelligence, that facilitate the translation of genomics and other high-dimensional data into clinical care.

The University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign and Mayo Clinic as well as our affiliate, the University of Chicago, which are leading institutions in these areas and already have strong ties to each other, have established the Center for Computational Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine (CCBGM), a collaborative environment that will improve the applicability, timeliness, efficiency, and accuracy of the computational infrastructure that will address pressing genome-based challenges.

The Mayo Clinic and Illinois Strategic Alliance for Technology-Based Healthcare was organized in 2010 to advance research, technology, and clinical treatment options in health care. It's a collaboration of The Interdisciplinary Health Sciences Initiative at Illinois (IHSI).

The Alliance is a framework for collaboration in individualized medicine, and involves innovative educational programs, integrated research activities and projects, and entrepreneurial modes to deploy and commercialize outcomes.

BD2K funds research and training activities that support the use of Big Data to advance biomedical research and discovery. This includes efforts in enhancing training, resource indexing, methods and tools development, and other data science-related areas. As part of this NIH award, Mayo Clinic is developing tools for standardizing research metadata.

Richard Weinshilboum, M.D., director, Pharmacogenomics Program

Pharmacogenomic testing helps patient and her family members find answers to health-related questions.

The Pharmacogenomics Program investigates how variations in genes affect response to medications, thereby using a patient's genetic profile to predict a drug's efficacy, guide dosage and improve patient safety.

Sequencing uncovers genetic makeup of aggressive tumor.

The Center for Individualized Medicine is a strategic priority for the Campaign for Mayo Clinic.

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Pharmacogenomics Program - mayo.edu

Pharmacogenomics – NCPA

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General Description, Overview, and Opportunities

Pharmacogenomics has increasingly become an area of interest to clinicians because of the potential to tailor pharmacotherapy based on genetic variations in patients. Pharmacogenomics is one of the key aspects of personalized medicine, focusing on how an individual's DNA affects the way they respond to medications. All individuals have different genetic make-up so they respond differently to the same medication. Based on this insight, pharmacogenomics allows customized treatment for a wide range of health problems including; cardiovascular disease, Alzheimer's disease, cancer, HIV/AIDS, and asthma. Often, drug choice and dosage require experimentation (trial and error) in order to find the best treatment option. With pharmacogenomics testing, the need for this experimentation is decreased. As a result, the process becomes faster and more cost-effective and the possibility of adverse events caused by the wrong drug choice or dosage is significantly reduced.

One avenue for implementing pharmacogenomic is through medication therapy management (MTM), where pharmacists assess and evaluate a patient's complete medication therapy regimen. By gathering key pieces of information, e.g. which medications and supplements a patient is currently taking, pharmacists can assess current treatment and suggest alternative therapies.

As medication experts and POC service providers, pharmacists can educate physicians and patients and perform the actual sample collection to be utilized for genetic testing. The broad application of pharmacogenomics to personalized medicine will improve patient outcomes and lower healthcare costs.

Test Features

Pharmacies require a lab partner to provide clinically relevant data and interpret results for physicians. Most tests screens all well-established pharmacogenomics genes in a single, cost-effective test. Results are delivered quickly via intuitive, clinically relevant, medically actionable report. The data provides lifetime utility of data, thereby decreasing the need for future testing.

Community pharmacists routinely perform point of care services and can assist patients by:

Performing a buccal swab in minutes

Send the collected DNA to the lab

Interpret results and discuss with physicians

Contact the patient to explain the results and any changes in therapy

Companies

Pharmacist Resources and Training

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Ion AmpliSeq Designer

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AmpliSeq On-Demand Panels: Coming up with different design combinations for a panel requires time and effort. And you guys are doing all the work I like the idea of ordering only the genes that I see more

- Dr. William G. Kearns, PhD Founder & Director AdvaGenix Rockville, US

AmpliSeq On-Demand Panels: Coming up with different design combinations for a panel requires time and effort. And you guys are doing all the work I like the idea of ordering only the genes that I want, and being able to roll with it.

AmpliSeq On-Demand Panels: the majority of the projects we provide service for has only a few samples...it is good to have a small pack size...we have been limited because of the cost...this may see more

- Dr. Adam Ameur Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology Uppsala University

AmpliSeq On-Demand Panels: the majority of the projects we provide service for has only a few samples...it is good to have a small pack size...we have been limited because of the cost...this may possibly open up other studies...looking at larger genes with fewer samples Our results look very promising with even coverage across all samples and 100% of known variants detected"

AmpliSeq On-Demand Panels: "..you can kind of cherry pick genes of interest and design your own panel...so I like it"

- Dr. Michal Mikula Department of Genetics Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology Warsaw, Poland

AmpliSeq On-Demand Panels: "..you can kind of cherry pick genes of interest and design your own panel...so I like it"

AmpliSeq On-Demand Panels: Cost was a limiting factor for panels with a large number of amplicons. For labs who need to change their gene content frequently, the lower price for oligos is really see more

- Dr. Pan Zhang, PhD, MD Director, Sequencing and Microarray Center Coriell Institute for Medical Research

AmpliSeq On-Demand Panels: Cost was a limiting factor for panels with a large number of amplicons. For labs who need to change their gene content frequently, the lower price for oligos is really great

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Frost & Sullivan Awards Akonni Biosystems for its Groundbreaking TruDiagnosis Molecular Diagnostics Platform – Markets Insider

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Akonni'splatform delivers accurate, multiplexed analysis in a low-cost format, offering a valuable solution for healthcare applications such as disease prediction and prevention, early diagnosis, identification of drug resistance, and treatment monitoring.

SANTA CLARA, California, Aug. 15, 2017 /PRNewswire/ -- Based on its recent analysis of microarrays in molecular diagnostics (MDx), Frost & Sullivan recognizes Akonni Biosystems, Inc. with the 2017 North America Frost & Sullivan Award for New Product Innovation. Akonni's integrated MDx system, TruDiagnosis, is revolutionizing the point-of-care molecular testing market by enabling target detection from a variety of sample types. TruDiagnosis is powered by TruArray, a patented 3D gel-drop microarray technology for sample screening that instantly indicates the presence of disease markers in real time. Frost & Sullivan believes that Akonni is properly positioned to serve the precision medicine revolution.

Click here for the full multimedia experience of this release - http://bit.ly/2wJbPPQ

"TruDiagnosis offers rapid, reliable multiplexed analysis at a lower overall cost per array," reports Frost & Sullivan Senior Research Analyst Sanchari Chatterjee Maity. "The company modified this platform by replacing the traditional glass substrate with a cost-effective plastic film substrate for printing arrays without requiring functionalized coatings. Akonni also enhanced the manufacturing process for reel-to-reel manufacturing of arrays on film to generate greater cost efficiencies."

TruDiagnosis consists of Akonni's proprietary TruDx Imagers, TruArray Assays, and TruTip sample prep kits and includes nucleic acid extraction as well as fully-automated gridding and data analysis software for patient reporting. The platform serves a range of applications such as pharmacogenomics, chronic human diseases (cancer), infectious diseases, extensive drug-resistant tuberculosis, upper respiratory infections, viral encephalitis, and hospital-acquired infections.

At the heart of the platform is the TruArray 3D gel-drop technology, which delivers efficient immobilization capacity due to the innovative spacing design of the immobilized molecules throughout the volume of the gel drop. This design boasts high hybridization efficiency, which helps achieve specific hybridization to obtain incredibly accurate data. The low-density microarrays can carry between 5 and 400 3D gel-drops per array.

TruDiagnosis has garnered considerable praise for its easy mode of operation and accurate results. The testing procedure involves dropping a few microliters of the DNA sample onto a microfluidic test slide the size of a stick of chewing gum. The sample then flows over an array of the 3D gel-drops with probes that test for the targets of interest; for example, Akonni's multi-drug resistant mycobacterium TB (MDR-TB) test includes six tuberculosis (TB) genes and 88 strain-specific mutations. Akonni facilitates workflows by combining conventional target amplification, fragmentation, and labeling processes into a single microfluidic chamber. Additionally, the integrated, self-contained design of the microfluidic device alleviates the risk of amplicon contamination following polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification. Once the assay is finished, the test is inserted in the TruDx reader, which detects and indicates a genetic match. This operational method takes significantly less computation time than other diagnostic microarrays.

Pre-clinical studies demonstrate the superiority of TruDiagnosis' clinical viability over traditional multiplexed platforms. "Akonni has won several projects from leading private as well as government entities in North America and Asia-Pacific due to the versatility of its diagnostic products," noted Chatterjee Maity. "Overall, it enjoys a solid market presence and is well positioned for higher growth due to its effective products, customer-friendly approach, strategic execution of business prospects, and cost effectiveness."

Each year, Frost & Sullivan presents this award to a company that develops an innovative product element by leveraging leading-edge technologies. The award recognizes the value-added features/benefits of the product and the increased ROI it affords customers, which, in turn, raises customer acquisition and overall market penetration potential.

Frost & Sullivan Best Practices awards recognize companies in a variety of regional and global markets for demonstrating outstanding achievement and superior performance in areas such as leadership, technological innovation, customer service, and strategic product development. Industry analysts compare market participants and measure performance through in-depth interviews, analysis, and extensive secondary research to identify best practices in the industry.

About Akonni Biosystems, Inc.

Akonni Biosystems was founded in 2003 and has been issued 21 US and 36 International patents primarily covering sample preparation, microfluidic devices, bioinstrumentation, and integrated systems. Product development has been supported by a series of government grants and contracts from NIH, CDC, DOE, DOD, NIJ, and NSF. The company significantly advanced the original technology by improving the system's capabilities from sample preparation to test result. Commercial products in Akonni's near-term pipeline include rapid sample preparation technologies for nucleic acid extraction and multiplex panel assays for detecting clinically relevant genotypes for pharmacogenomics, human chronic diseases, and genotypes for infectious diseases such as multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB), extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB), upper respiratory infections, viral encephalitis, and hospital-acquired infections (MRSA).

About Frost & Sullivan

Frost & Sullivan, the Growth Partnership Company, works in collaboration with clients to leverage visionary innovation that addresses the global challenges and related growth opportunities that will make or break today's market participants. For more than 50 years, we have been developing growth strategies for the global 1000, emerging businesses, the public sector and the investment community. Contact us: Start the discussion.

Contact:

Ana ArriagaP: 210.247.3823F: 210.348.1003E: rel="nofollow">ana.arriaga@frost.com

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Frost & Sullivan Awards Akonni Biosystems for its Groundbreaking TruDiagnosis Molecular Diagnostics Platform - Markets Insider

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(April 14, 2017)

Dear ESPT member,First of all, I would like to thank you for your continued support of the European Society for Pharmacogenomics and Personalized Therapy (ESPT). With this email, I would like to update you on the activities of ESPT, and inform you about interactions with you as members regarding the direction and strategies of our society. The ESPT Board has been strengthened in October 2016 by Dr .Sanja Stankovic (Belgrade, Serbia) and Csilla Sipeky (Turku, Finland). Sanja took over the general secretariat from Janja Marc, whereas Ingolf Cascorbi (Kiel, Germany) took over the treasurer position from Sofia Siest. Janja Marc has taken over the Educational Division activities from Vangelis Manolopoulos. The Division Scientific Research and Clinical Implementation will be split in two individual Divisions, with Ron van Schaik (NL) leading the Clinical Implementation Division, collaborating with the European Pharmacogenetic Implementation Consortium (www.eu-pic.net) whereas Marc Ansari (CH) will chair the Research Division. ESPT has now a new Executive office, located in Milan, giving us the opportunity to professionalize our society as well as having a physical headquarter for meetings. Address: ESPT Executive Office, Via Carlo Farini 81, 20159 Milano, ItalyThe ESPT society itself will maintain its main registration in France. As ESPT, have been active in 2017 in setting up and/or extending collaborations with the Finnish National Society for Pharmacogenetics , the Turkish Society for Pharmacogenetics and the Serbian Society for Pharmacogenetics. ESPT has been present at the CPIC meeting in Washington DC (March 15), the ASCPT Annual meeting (Washington DC, March 16-18) and the UK Pharmacogenomics & Stratified Medicine Network Meeting (March 23) in London, UK.The preparations for the ESPT Annual Meeting 2017 (Oct 4-7) in Catania, Sicily, are in full progress. At this moment, 90% of the invited speakers have confirmed. It is expected that registration will start in 6 weeks. Already, we received a lot of positive reactions to this meeting. Also, the ESPT General Assembly will take place in Catania. More information will follow shortly. In the next months, ESPT will be present at the QLAC meeting in Belgrade (April 19-21), the Global Genomic Medicine Alliance meeting (Athens, April 27-29) , the WPA Interzonal congress in Vilnius, Lithuania (May 4-6), the Pharmaceutical World Congress in Stockholm (May 21-24) and the Human Genome Variation Society meeting (Copenhagen, May 26). Hope this update will give you more insight in the developments ongoing!Kindest regards,

The Society

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CYP2C9 – Wikipedia

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Cytochrome P450 2C9 (abbreviated CYP2C9) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CYP2C9 gene.[5][6]

CYP2C9 is an important cytochrome P450 enzyme with a major role in the oxidation of both xenobiotic and endogenous compounds. CYP2C9 makes up about 18% of the cytochrome P450 protein in liver microsomes (data only for antifungal). Some 100 therapeutic drugs are metabolized by CYP2C9, including drugs with a narrow therapeutic index such as warfarin and phenytoin and other routinely prescribed drugs such as acenocoumarol, tolbutamide, losartan, glipizide, and some nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. By contrast, the known extrahepatic CYP2C9 often metabolizes important endogenous compound such as serotonin and, owing to its epoxygenase activity, various polyunsaturated fatty acids, converting these fatty acids to a wide range of biological active products.[7][8]

In particular, CYP2C9 metabolizes arachidonic acid to the following eicosatrienoic acid epoxide (termed EETs) stereoisomer sets: 5R,6S-epoxy-8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetrienoic and 5S,6R-epoxy-8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetrienoic acids; 11R,12S-epoxy-8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetrienoic and 11S,12R-epoxy-5Z,8Z,14Z-eicosatetrienoic acids; and 14R,15S-epoxy-5Z,8Z,11Z-eicosatetrainoic and 14S,15R-epoxy-5Z,8Z,11Z-eicosatetrainoic acids. It likewise metablizes docosahexaenoic acid to epoxydocosapentaenoic acids (EDPs; primarily 19,20-epoxy-eicosapentaenoic acid isomers [i.e. 10,11-EDPs]) and eicosapentaenoic acid to epoxyeicosatetraenoic acids (EEQs, primarily 17,18-EEQ and 14,15-EEQ isomers).[9] Animal model and a limited number of human studies implicate these epoxides in reducing hypertension; protecting against the Myocardial infarction and other insults to the heart; promoting the growth and metastasis of certain cancers; inhibiting inflammation; stimulating blood vessel formation; and possessing a variety of actions on neural tissues including modulating Neurohormone release and blocking pain perception (see epoxyeicosatrienoic acid and epoxygenase pages).[8]

In vitro studies on human and animal cells and tissues and in vivo animal model studies indicate that certain EDPs and EEQs (16,17-EDPs, 19,20-EDPs, 17,18-EEQs have been most often examined) have actions which often oppose those of another product of CYP450 enzymes (e.g. CYP4A1, CYP4A11, CYP4F2, CYP4F3A, and CYP4F3B) viz., 20-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE), principally in the areas of blood pressure regulation, blood vessel thrombosis, and cancer growth (see 20-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid, Epoxyeicosatetraenoic acid, and Epoxydocosapentaenoic acid sections on activities and clinical significance). Such studies also indicate that the EPAs and EEQs are: 1) more potent than EETs in decreasing hypertension and pain perception; 2) more potent than or equal in potency to the EETs in suppressing inflammation; and 3) act oppositely from the EETs in that they inhibit angiogenesis, endothelial cell migration, endothelial cell proliferation, and the growth and metastasis of human breast and prostate cancer cell lines whereas EETs have stimulatory effects in each of these systems.[10][11][12][13] Consumption of omega-3 fatty acid-rich diets dramatically raises the serum and tissue levels of EDPs and EEQs in animals as well as humans and in humans are by far the most prominent change in the profile of PUFA metabolites caused by dietary omega-3 fatty acids.[10][13][14]

CYP2C9 may also metabolize linoleic acid to the potentially very toxic products, vernolic acid (also termed leukotoxin) and coronaric acid (also termed isoleukotoxin); these linoleic acid epoxides cause multiple organ failure and acute respiratory distress in animal models and may contribute to these syndromes in humans.[8]

9-tetrahydrocannabinol (9-THC), cannabidiol (CBD) and cannabinol (CBN), the three major constituents in cannabis, are found to be direct inhibitors for CYP2C9.[15]

Genetic polymorphism exists for CYP2C9 expression because the CYP2C9 gene is highly polymorphic. More than 50 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been described in the regulatory and coding regions of the CYP2C9 gene;[16] some of them are associated with reduced enzyme activity compared with wild type in vitro.[citation needed]

Multiple in vivo studies also show that several mutant CYP2C9 genotypes are associated with significant reduction of in metabolism and daily dose requirements of selected CYP2C9 substrate. In fact, adverse drug reactions (ADRs) often result from unanticipated changes in CYP2C9 enzyme activity secondary to genetic polymorphisms. Especially for CYP2C9 substrates such as warfarin and phenytoin, diminished metabolic capacity because of genetic polymorphisms or drug-drug interactions can lead to toxicity at normal therapeutic doses.[17][18]

Allele frequencies(%) of CYP2C9 polymorphism

Most inhibitors of CYP2C9 are competitive inhibitors. Noncompetitive inhibitors of CYP2C9 include nifedipine,[19][20] phenethyl isothiocyanate,[21] medroxyprogesterone acetate[22] and 6-hydroxyflavone. It was indicated that the noncompetitive binding site of 6-hydroxyflavone is the reported allosteric binding site of the CYP2C9 enzyme.[23]

Following is a table of selected substrates, inducers and inhibitors of CYP2C9. Where classes of agents are listed, there may be exceptions within the class.

Inhibitors of CYP2C9 can be classified by their potency, such as:

CYP2C9 attacks various long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids at their double (i.e. alkene) bonds to form epoxide products that act as signaling molecules. It along with CYP2C8, CYP2C19, CYP2J2, and possibly CYP2S1 are the principle enzymes which metabolizes 1) arachidonic acid to various epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (also termed EETs); 2) linoleic acid to 9,10-epoxy octadecaenoic acids (also termed vernolic acid, linoleic acid 9:10-oxide, or leukotoxin) and 12,13-epoxy-octadecaenoic (also termed coronaric acid, linoleic acid 12,13-oxide, or isoleukotoxin); 3) docosohexaenoic acid to various epoxydocosapentaenoic acids (also termed EDPs); and 4) eicosapentaenoic acid to various epoxyeicosatetraenoic acids (also termed EEQs).[8] Animal model studies implicate these epoxides in regulating: hypertension, Myocardial infarction and other insults to the heart, the growth of various cancers, inflammation, blood vessel formation, and pain perception; limited studies suggest but have not proven that these epoxides may function similarly in humans (see epoxyeicosatrienoic acid and epoxygenase pages).[8] Since the consumption of omega-3 fatty acid-rich diets dramatically raises the serum and tissue levels of the EDP and EEQ metabolites of the omega-3 fatty acid, i.e. docosahexaenoic and eicosapentaenoic acids, in animals and humans and in humans is the most prominent change in the profile of PUFA metabolites caused by dietary omega-3 fatty acids, EPA and EEQs may be responsible for at least some of the beneficial effects ascribed to dietary omega-3 fatty acids.[36][37][38]

PDB gallery

1og2: STRUCTURE OF HUMAN CYTOCHROME P450 CYP2C9

1og5: STRUCTURE OF HUMAN CYTOCHROME P450 CYP2C9

1r9o: Crystal Structure of P4502C9 with Flurbiprofen bound

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