Finding the effective rigidities of an advanced composite wing can simplify the analysis considerably. The application of fibre-reinforced composite materials in the aerospace industry extends from commercial to military aircraft, such as the Boeing F18, B2 Stealth Bomber, AV-8B Harrier (Jones, 1998 and http://www.compositecalculator.com). The attractiveness of composites lies in their mechanical properties; such as weight, strength, stiffness, corrosion resistance, fatigue life. Composites are widely used for control surfaces such as ailerons, flaps, stabilizers, rudders, as well as rotary and fixed wings. That is why the analysis of composite structures is imperative for aerospace industry. The main advantage of composites is their flexibility in design. Mechanical properties of the laminate can be altered simply by changing the stacking sequence, fibre lay-up and thickness of each ply which leads to optimization in a design process.
Particle, Particle in Space, Tell Me About Earthquakes
The crew of the International space station finishes preparations for “Vsplesk” (“Burst”) experiment, results of which are expected to help in developing methods for real-time forecasting of earthquakes.
Russian Rocket Engine – Best in the World
United States consider Russian rocket engine RD-180 to be the best rocket engine on the world, claim RosCosmos officials.
RD-180 is a two-chamber variant of four-chamber kerosene engine RD-170. The engine owes better specific characteristics, than American analogues have, to closed circuit with reburning of exhaust generator gas in main combustion chambers.
New Online Evaluation of Laminated Composite Stiffnesses
A new interactive Calculator for the calculation of composite stiffness has been developed. Simply input your micro-mechanical properties of the composite on the web page and the axial, A, coupling, B, and bending, D, matrices are calculated. This website provides a quick reference for Composite designers.
http://www.compositecalculator.com
‘Autonomous’ helicopters teach themselves to fly
Stanford computer scientists have developed an artificial intelligence system that enables robotic helicopters to teach themselves to fly difficult stunts by watching other helicopters perform the same maneuvers. The result is an autonomous helicopter than can perform a complete airshow of complex tricks on its own.
Next Target – Jupiter
Russia, Europe and the United States are getting ready for sending their spaceships to Jupiter in next 10-12 years.
NASA’s FERMI, Space, and Time
Is it impossible to pin down both where and when an event takes place, due to quantum gravity effects?
Shahn Majid explains why this may be.
In my recent posts I have emphasized ideas on the cutting edge of fundamental science which have testable predictions or other contact with experiment, rather than being merely fashionable. Now, up until recently it was widely assumed that ideas for the ‘Mount Everest’ challenge of quantum gravity, as Martin Rees puts it in his review of the multi-authored book On Space and Time, could never be tested experimentally.
Lunchtime Salon Today in L.A.
Join the Science Blog crew this Friday, October 24 at noon in Los Angeles to discuss Obama, McCain and the sciences, courtesy of Farmlab.
A vote for McCain is a vote against science
Palin takes on basic science research as an example of government waste.
NASA Study Investigates Mental Overload in Pilots
Have you ever felt as if your brain was so full of information that you couldn't process another thing? Mental overload creates confusion and frustration, and for airline pilots, the consequences can be disastrous.
NASA Releases Columbia Crew Safety Report
NASA has released the Spacecraft Crew Survival Integrated Investigation Team report, which includes 30 recommendations to improve spacecraft design and crew safety.
What the Stimulus Package Means for Science
What's in the Stimulus Package for science?
CSF Congratulates Winners of NASA’s $2 Million Lunar Lander Challenge
Washington, D.C. – The Commercial Spaceflight Federation congratulates Masten Space Systems of Mojave, California, and Armadillo Aerospace, of Rockwall, Texas, for their success in NASA’s $2 million Northrop Grumman Lunar Lander Challenge. The prize money was awarded by NASA Administrator Charles Bolden in ceremony yesterday in Washington, DC. The two winning companies qualified for the prize, which is managed by the X PRIZE Foundation, by building and flying vertical-takeoff-and-landing vehicles that hovered for up to 180 seconds, translated horizontally, landed under rocket power, and repeated the feat in two hours.
“We commend Masten Space Systems and Armadillo Aerospace for their tremendous success in NASA’s Northrop Grumman Lunar Lander Challenge,” said Bretton Alexander, President of the Commercial Spaceflight Federation. “High flight rates and quick turnaround are exciting features of this new era of commercial spaceflight, and we look forward to seeing these vehicles climb to higher and higher altitudes in the months ahead.”
Distinguished speakers in yesterday’s Capitol Hill prize ceremony in Washington, DC, included:
• Charles Bolden, NASA Administrator;
• Thomas Kalil, Deputy Director for Policy at the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP);
• Dr. Peter Diamandis, X PRIZE Foundation Chairman;
• Dr. George Nield, Associate Administrator of the FAA’s Office of Commercial Space Transportation;
• Representative Ralph Hall (R-Texas), Ranking Member of the House Science Committee;
• Representative Adam Schiff (D-California), Member of the House CJS Appropriations Subcommittee;
• Mitch Waldman, Vice President for Business Development at Northrop Grumman;
• Doug Comstock, NASA Innovative Partnerships Program Director.
Additional guests at the event included Representative Parker Griffith (D-Alabama), Member of the House Space Subcommittee; Lori Garver, NASA Deputy Administrator; and George Whitesides, NASA Chief of Staff.
David Masten, CEO of Masten Space Systems, stated, “We’d been building our vehicles before the prize started, but the NASA prize was a great incentive along the path towards the market for flying low-cost science and educational payloads. Now we are going beyond the prize and will be flying higher and faster in the coming months. High-altitude flights of aerospace R&D payloads, science experiments, and educational payloads are planned for 2010.”
Phil Eaton, VP of Operations at Armadillo Aerospace, stated, “We see more than a prize – we see the growth of the commercial space industry.”
Bretton Alexander added, “The diverse range of speakers at the prize ceremony, from NASA and FAA to Congress, signals the level of support and encouragement that the commercial spaceflight industry is receiving from policymakers in Washington DC. This week’s ceremony represents another exciting milestone for an industry that has made tremendous strides in the last few years.”
In order to meet the requirements of the Lunar Lander Challenge, the Masten and Armadillo vehicles had to ascend to a height of 50 meters, translate horizontally to a landing pad 50 meters away, land safely on another pad after 90 seconds of flight time (for Level 1), or 180 seconds of flight time (for Level 2), and then repeat the flight. $350,000 was awarded last year to Armadillo Aerospace, and at this year’s prize ceremony a total of $1,650,000 was awarded to Masten Space Systems and Armadillo Aerospace for successfully completed flights.
About the Commercial Spaceflight Federation
The mission of the Commercial Spaceflight Federation (CSF) is to promote the development of commercial human spaceflight, pursue ever higher levels of safety, and share best practices and expertise throughout the industry. CSF member organizations include commercial spaceflight developers, operators, and spaceports. The Commercial Spaceflight Federation is governed by a board of directors, composed of the member companies’ CEO-level officers and entrepreneurs. For more information please visit http://www.commercialspaceflight.org or contact Executive Director John Gedmark at john@commercialspaceflight.org or at 202.349.1121.
NASA Chief Praises Commercial Spaceflight, Suborbital Science, & Innovation Prizes in Speech
In a Washington DC speech yesterday, NASA Administrator Charles Bolden delivered a strong endorsement of commercial spaceflight, specifically highlighting NASA’s new Commercial Reusable Suborbital Research program, the importance of commercial human spaceflight, and the value of prize competitions to promote space innovation.
During his remarks to the National Association of Investment Companies, Administrator Bolden said, “NASA’s founding legislation states that we will ‘seek and encourage, to the maximum extent possible, the fullest commercial use of space.’ … NASA must determine efficient and effective ways to leverage the power and innovation of American industry and the American entrepreneur.” Bolden then highlighted several specific NASA initiatives:
• Suborbital science: Bolden stated, “In the 1920s, the U.S. Post Office became a major customer for airmail, which created the demand that justified the private investment in many airlines. NASA is doing something similar right now. We are engaged in a new program — the Commercial Reusable Suborbital Research program — that will buy space transportation services from the emerging reusable spaceflight companies to conduct science research, technology development, with a keen focus on education.”
• Commercial human spaceflight: Bolden stated, “Some of the most exciting companies in America today go by the names of SpaceX, Blue Origin, Armadillo Aerospace, Virgin Galactic, XCOR, Bigelow Aerospace, Masten, Flag Suit, and Ad Astra…. What these companies, and others, are doing is nothing short of inspirational. Today, we at NASA are devising ways to work with these companies and others who will come.”
• Innovation prizes: Bolden stated, “You may not know it, but NASA also has the authority to fund prizes. Over this weekend, NASA just held a competition in California with $750,000 in prizes for anyone in America who could move the most “regolith” — or moon dirt — with a robot. Twenty-three teams competed. The winning team is “Paul’s Robotics”, led by a young man by the name Paul Ventimiglia. … Paul is a college student at Worcester Polytechnic Institute in Massachusetts. … Now that is inspiring.”
Administrator Bolden also talked about the potential for commercial human spaceflight to motivate the nation’s youth to study math, science, and engineering, stating, “What if you were a seventh grader and you knew that if you buckled down, and studied hard at math and science, that you could go to space? Not because you would be the one of the very few who might become a NASA astronaut, as I was so privileged, but because you saw hundreds of people of all nations traveling into space each and every year, and knew in your bones that you could soon be one of them?”
The full text of Bolden’s speech can be found on the NASA website at http://www.nasa.gov/pdf/395165main_Bolden_NAIC_Speech.pdf.
CSF Welcomes Strong Support for Commercial Human Spaceflight in White House Panel’s Report
Washington, D.C. – The Commercial Spaceflight Federation welcomes the strong support for commercial human spaceflight expressed by the White House’s Review of U.S. Human Space Flight Plans Committee, also known as the Augustine Committee, which released its final report today. The Augustine Committee endorsed the creation of a Commercial Crew program to develop commercial capabilities to transport crew to the International Space Station, with a baseline NASA investment of $3 billion, to include multiple competitors and human-rating of an existing reliable launch vehicle.
The report further included the following key statements in support of the commercial procurement of crew transportation services to the International Space Station in low-Earth orbit:
• The time is right: The report stated, “Commercial services to deliver crew to low-Earth orbit are within reach. … A new competition with adequate incentives should be open to all U.S. aerospace companies. This would allow NASA to focus on more challenging roles, including human exploration beyond low-Earth orbit…”
• Industry is capable: The report stated, “There is little doubt that the U.S. aerospace industry, from historical builders of human spacecraft to the new entrants, has the technical capability to build and operate a crew taxi to low-Earth orbit.”
• Commercial is safe: The report stated, “Any concepts falling short in human safety have simply been eliminated from consideration.” Later, the report added, “The Committee… would not suggest that a commercial service be provided for transportation of NASA crew if NASA could not be convinced that it was substantially safe.”
• A diverse set of competitors exist: The report stated, “During its fact-finding process, the Committee received proprietary information from five different companies interested in the provision of commercial crew transportation services to low-Earth orbit. These included large and small companies, some of which have previously developed crew systems for NASA.”
Commenting on the release of the Augustine Report, Mark Sirangelo, Chairman of the Commercial Spaceflight Federation and Chairman of Sierra Nevada Corporation Space Systems, stated, “Augustine’s detailed report could not be more clear – only by pursuing commercially procured crew transportation can the nation afford to extend the Space Station beyond 2015, even if NASA does receive extra funding. Leveraging the commercial sector will also free up NASA resources for exploration beyond Earth orbit.”
A recent industry-wide survey by the Commercial Spaceflight Federation revealed that 5,000 direct American jobs would be created by a full Commercial Crew program. Through a combination of government and private investment, companies such as United Launch Alliance, Sierra Nevada Corporation, SpaceX, and others would be able to create jobs in states including Alabama, California, Colorado, Florida, Nevada, Texas, Maryland, and Virginia.
“If a Commercial Crew program is not started now,” added Sirangelo, “America will be forced to pay Russia to launch our astronauts to orbit for years to come, at a price of $51 million per seat and rising. With so many capable American companies here at home, why should we outsource our entire human spaceflight program to Russia?”
Bretton Alexander, President of the Commercial Spaceflight Federation, added, “Shortly before the Augustine report was released, over a dozen distinguished former NASA astronauts, including Buzz Aldrin, published an op-ed in the Wall Street Journal stating that commercial companies can safely handle the task of low-Earth orbit transportation. NASA already relies on the commercial sector for high-value satellite and cargo missions, and the time has come for an evolution to commercial procurement of crew services as well.”
About the Commercial Spaceflight Federation
The mission of the Commercial Spaceflight Federation (CSF) is to promote the development of commercial human spaceflight, pursue ever higher levels of safety, and share best practices and expertise throughout the industry. CSF member organizations include commercial spaceflight developers, operators, and spaceports. The Commercial Spaceflight Federation is governed by a board of directors, composed of the member companies’ CEO-level officers and entrepreneurs. For more information please visit http://www.commercialspaceflight.org or contact Executive Director John Gedmark at john@commercialspaceflight.org or at 202.349.1121.
Commercial Spaceflight Federation President Bretton Alexander Appointed to the NASA Advisory Council
Washington, D.C. – Bretton Alexander, President of the Commercial Spaceflight Federation, has been appointed by NASA Administrator Charles Bolden to the NASA Advisory Council, a federally chartered body of experts that provides advice and counsel directly to the NASA Administrator. Additionally, Alexander has been selected to chair the newly formed Commercial Space Committee of the NASA Advisory Council.
Following his appointment, Alexander attended a meeting of the full NASA Advisory Councilon October 29 at the NASA Ames Research Center, which included discussions with NASA Administrator Bolden, Ames Center Director Dr. Pete Worden, and NASA Advisory Council Chair Dr. Kenneth Ford. According to NASA, “the NASA Advisory Council provides the NASA Administrator with counsel and advice on programs and issues of importance to the Agency… and presents any findings and recommendations to the NASA Administrator on a quarterly basis.”
Mark Sirangelo, Chairman of the Commercial Spaceflight Federation, said, “We are very proud that Brett has been granted this prestigious appointment by the NASA Administrator. As a well-respected and articulate leader in the commercial spaceflight industry, Brett is a fitting individual for this role.”
Added Alexander, “It is a deep honor to be appointed by the Administrator to serve on the NASA Advisory Council. I believe the Administrator recognizes that the success of NASA’s exploration activities must involve commercial spaceflight and I look forward to chairing the Commercial Space Committee.”
Alexander joins the following other members of the newly restructured NASA Advisory Council:
• Chair: Kenneth M. Ford
• Aeronautics Committee: Marion Blakey
• Audit, Finance and Analysis Committee: Robert M. Hanisee
• Education and Public Outreach: Miles O’Brien
• Exploration Committee: Gen. Lester L. Lyles
• Science Committee: Wesley T. Huntress, Jr.
• Space Operations Committee: Col. Eileen M. Collins
• Technology and Innovation Committee: Esther Dyson
• Ex officio members (National Academies): Raymond S. Colladay and Charles F. Kennel
Bretton Alexander holds a Bachelor of Science degree in Aerospace Engineering and a Master of Science degree in Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering from the University of Virginia in Charlottesville, Virginia. In addition to his role as President of the Commercial Spaceflight Federation, Alexander has previously served as Executive Director for Space at the X PRIZE Foundation, where he oversaw all aspects of the Google Lunar X Prize, the Lunar Lander Challenge, and the X PRIZE Cup, and was also Senior Advisor to Transformational Space Corporation (t/Space).
Prior to joining the entrepreneurial space community, Alexander served under presidents William J. Clinton and George W. Bush as Senior Policy Analyst for space issues. During his tenure at the White House, he was one of the primary authors of the “Vision for Space Exploration” announced by President Bush in January 2004. He has also held positions in the Federal Aviation Administration’s Office of Commercial Space Transportation, the Aerospace Corporation, and ANSER Corporation.
About the Commercial Spaceflight Federation
The mission of the Commercial Spaceflight Federation (CSF) is to promote the development of commercial human spaceflight, pursue ever higher levels of safety, and share best practices and expertise throughout the industry. CSF member organizations include commercial spaceflight developers, operators, and spaceports. The Commercial Spaceflight Federation is governed by a board of directors, composed of the member companies’ CEO-level officers and entrepreneurs. For more information please visit http://www.commercialspaceflight.org or contact Executive Director John Gedmark at john@commercialspaceflight.org or at 202.349.1121.
In November 5th Public Ceremony, NASA to Award $1.65 Million In Prizes for Commercial Spaceflight Successes
In a ceremony this Thursday on Capitol Hill, NASA Administrator Charles Bolden will award $1.65 million in prizes to two commercial spaceflight companies, Masten Space Systems and Armadillo Aerospace, for completing successful flights in the NASA-funded Northrop Grumman Lunar Lander Challenge managed by the X PRIZE Foundation.
Time: Doors open 11:45 am and ceremony begins at noon, Thursday November 5th.
Place: Rayburn House Office Building, Room 2325. Open to the public.
Speakers include: NASA Administrator, Charles Bolden; NASA Innovative Partnerships Director, Doug Comstock; OSTP Deputy Director for Policy, Tom Kalil; X PRIZE Foundation CEO, Peter Diamandis; Rep. Ralph Hall, ranking member of the House Science Committee; Rep. Adam Schiff, House CJS Appropriations Subcommittee; and the winning teams.
The NASA-funded Northrop Grumman Lunar Lander Challenge (NGLLC) is a $2,000,000 incentive prize program designed to build an industry of American companies capable of routinely and safely flying vertical-takeoff-and-landing rocket vehicles useful both for lunar exploration and for other applications. $350,000 was awarded last year to Armadillo Aerospace, and this year $1,650,000 will be awarded to Masten Space Systems and Armadillo Aerospace for successfully completed flights.
Building Spaceport Infrastructure: An Overview of the STIM-Grants Program
The importance of spaceport infrastructure was one of the clear messages from our first Spaceports Executive Summit, held at the Kennedy Space Center in May 2009. As we prepare for our second Spaceports Executive Summit on October 20, 2009 (to be held in conjunction with the International Symposium for Personal & Commercial Spaceflight in Las Cruces, New Mexico), we wanted to share some information about the STIM-Grants Program, an important initiative for upgrading spaceport infrastructure.
Unlike airports, commercial spaceports currently have no opportunity to apply for federal matching dollars for infrastructure to support operations and protect public safety. In the 1993 NASA Authorization Act (Public Law No. 102-588), Congress authorized a new program to support commercial space transportation facilities, but no funding has been appropriated to date.
Under the Space Transportation Infrastructure Matching Grants Program (also known as STIM-Grants), existing and proposed spaceports in California, Florida, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Virginia / Maryland, Alaska, Wisconsin, Indiana, and other states, will be eligible for competitively-awarded grants.
To build infrastructure for a vital national capability and develop a source of high-tech, high-wage jobs, funding support for STIM-Grants is crucial, and we will be sure to keep you updated on the status of this important program.
To learn more about the STIM-Grants Program, please click here.
Five Years After SpaceShipOne’s Historic X PRIZE Flight, New Challenges Await
Five years ago on October 4, 2004, the $10 million Ansari X PRIZE for commercial spaceflight was won when SpaceShipOne completed a pair of back-to-back flights to space. With pilot Brian Binnie at the controls, the prize-winning flight of SpaceShipOne made the front pages of newspapers worldwide, and marked a key milestone in the growth of commercial human spaceflight. Fittingly, October 4th also marks the launch of humanity’s first satellite into orbit, which occurred in 1957, beginning the Space Age.
“Since the X PRIZE flights occurred in 2004, we’ve seen a drumbeat of steady growth in the commercial spaceflight industry: the creation of NASA’s Commercial Orbital Transportation Services program, hundreds of deposits put down for suborbital flights, the winning of NASA’s Lunar Lander Challenge prize money, over $1.2 billion of investment poured into this new industry, and now the Augustine Committee’s endorsement of commercial spaceflight,” stated John Gedmark, Executive Director of the Commercial Spaceflight Federation. “We are eagerly looking forward to many more exciting accomplishments to come.”
SpaceShipOne, which was funded by Microsoft co-founder Paul Allen and developed by Burt Rutan’s company Scaled Composites, flew from the Mojave Spaceport in Mojave, California. By flying two piloted flights to 100 km within two weeks, the SpaceShipOne team successfully met the requirements to win the $10 million Ansari X PRIZE set up by the X PRIZE Foundation.
Gedmark added, “the X PRIZE flights drew thousands of spectators to the Mojave Spaceport to experience the excitement of commercial spaceflight, and the new generation of commercial vehicles coming online – both suborbital and orbital – will continue to raise the awareness of the wonders of spaceflight to the general public.”
The pilots who reached space aboard SpaceShipOne, Mike Melvill and Brian Binnie, became the world’s first commercial astronauts and were awarded astronaut wings by the Federal Aviation Administration’s Office of Commercial Space Transportation.
SpaceShipOne, now retired from service, occupies a place of honor at the National Air and Space Museum in Washington, DC, alongside Charles Lindbergh’s Spirit of St. Louis and Chuck Yeager’s Bell X-1.
Image credit: Scaled Composites
Masten Space Systems Makes Successful Flights to Qualify for $150K NASA Lunar Lander Prize Level 1
Masten Space Systems successfully qualified today for a $150,000 prize in NASA’s Northrop Grumman Lunar Lander Challenge by flying a rocket-powered vehicle twice in two hours between a pair of landing pads. Masten’s vertical-takeoff-vertical-landing vehicle, known as “Xombie,” met the requirements of Level 1 of the Lunar Lander Challenge by ascending to a height of 50 meters, translating horizontally to a landing pad 50 meters away, landing safely on a concrete pad after 90 seconds of flight time, and then repeating the flight.
The flights took place at the Mojave Air and Space Port in Mojave, California, where Masten Space Systems’ facilities are based. Today’s successful flights by Masten, along with successful flights last month by Armadillo Aerospace, mean that it is certain NASA will be giving away at least two checks worth a total of at least $1.15 million this year. Later this month, Masten is also scheduled to compete for Level 2, which requires 180 seconds of flight time rather than 90 seconds.
David Masten, CEO of Masten Space Systems, stated, “The Xombie’s flights have established Masten Space Systems as a serious competitor. This is not just good for Masten, but good news for the commercial space industry. It shows that we have grown to the point that many teams now have the skills to build and fly successful rockets.”
Brett Alexander, President of the Commercial Spaceflight Federation, added, “Congratulations to Masten Space Systems, NASA, Northrop Grumman, and the X PRIZE Foundation for a job well done. The Lunar Lander Challenge is generating a tremendous return on NASA’s investment, helping to build the workforce, technologies, and vehicles useful to both NASA and the commercial spaceflight sector.”
Peter Diamandis, Chairman and CEO of the X PRIZE Foundation, which manages the prize on behalf of NASA’s Centennial Challenges program, said, “Congratulations to Dave Masten and his team on successfully completing Level-1 of the Northrop Grumman Lunar Lander Challenge. What they accomplished with 6 people is outstanding. These young entrepreneurial companies are the future Apple and Dells of the space industry, building the propulsion that will launch the public into space. They are also the industry cluster that will give NASA robust future suppliers and capability.”
Masten’s flights complement the success of the Armadillo Aerospace team, led by id Software founder John Carmack, which qualified in September for the $1 million first place prize for Level 2 of the Lunar Lander Challenge. Before the closing of this year’s competition window on October 31st, Masten Space Systems will attempt Level 2 of the competition, along with two additional competitors, Unreasonable Rocket and BonNova, who will compete for both levels.
Each level of the Lunar Lander Challenge includes both first and second place prizes, with the second place prize for Level 1 worth $150,000, and the two prizes for Level 2 worth $1 million and $500,000. In 2008, Armadillo Aerospace claimed the first prize for Level 1, worth $350,000.
Image credit: Masten/X Prize