Former chemistry chair to retire after 50 years in academia – GW Hatchet

Michael King always found joy in teaching others about math and science from a young age.

He has tutored many of his fellow students since elementary school and knew his future belonged with the study of chemistry and in pedagogy when he headed to college at the Illinois Institute of Technology. After receiving his doctorate from Harvard University, he started as an associate professor in the discipline at New York University in 1970 before he began at GW in 1973 2020 marks his 50th and final year of working in academia.

I knew at a very early age that teaching was something that was natural and comfortable for me, and I knew I wanted to pursue it, King said.

After serving as the chair of the chemistry department for more than 20 years, from 1996 to 2019, King will retire from teaching at the end of this academic year to focus on his own research. After retirement, King plans to travel with his wife, conduct more of his own research on organic chemistry in GWs laboratories and work on behalf of the department to recruit graduate students.

It was just an amazing experience, and I am really humbled to have been able to represent this department in a period of substantial growth, King said. For over the years, I have had amazing colleagues and I am so proud to be able to represent them in the forms of the University.

King said he has been heavily involved with the organic chemistry program at the University throughout his career, teaching General Chemistry I and II and managing laboratory operations for the program.

Chemistry was an area of science that came naturally to me from high school to now, King said. I always enjoyed it I liked the manipulations, I enjoyed watching the chemistry unfold in the laboratory so all of that sort of played out from my bachelors degree to my doctorate.

He said he enjoyed the size of GWs student body during the first couple decades of his career smaller than the student body in recent years because the smaller class sizes allowed him to get to know his students and talk with them on a little bit more on a personal level.

King said he felt his previous experiences in academia made him qualified to serve as chair of the department after his predecessor David Ramaker resigned. He said he put his name up for consideration to serve in the position, and his colleagues elected him to serve as the departments leader.

I was fortunate for my colleagues to have the confidence to select me to do that, King said. So one of the things I was particularly interested in doing was to improve the communication and collaboration of the department that would be of value to my colleagues.

While serving as chair, he worked to increase opportunities for faculty in the department to work together and confer on projects, King said.

Kings colleagues said he consistently sought to provide support to students, faculty and the University throughout his tenure.

Former Provost Forrest Maltzman said he worked with King on several different initiatives and projects, including the design process for the Science and Engineering Hall and the creation of the Columbian College of Arts and Sciences Deans Council.

He said King played a leading role working with the provosts office and the Department of Operations to develop SEHs design, adding that King deserves a large portion of the credit for the buildings completion, which Maltzman characterized as inevitably the most complex building in the University.

Maltzman said King has served as a mentor to academic leaders across the University and has demonstrated the value of collaboration and collegiality.

While building a very successful and research-oriented chemistry department is an important contribution that Michael made, his impact is much broader and his legacy will be felt for a very long time across the University because of the lessons he informally taught his colleagues about being an academic leader and the example he set, Maltzman said in an email.

Christopher Cahill, the current chair of the chemistry department, said King played an integral role in growing the department to its fullest potential by doubling the number of faculty in the department.

He has been tirelessly flying the chemistry flag the entire time he has been here and, as a consequence, we have been able to grow and have our aspirations for research and education evolve accordingly, Cahill said.

Cahill said one of his fondest memories of King was watching him hold office hours in a hallway in SEH using the buildings whiteboard walls. He said a crowd always showed up to talk to King, even on a Friday afternoon.

He was sort of beloved because he has taught organic chemistry this whole time and organic chemistry has, in many respects, an undeserved reputation of being an incredibly difficult and sometimes weed-out course, Cahill said. But Michael King has never taught this as a weed-out course and has always been committed to his students success.

LaKeisha McClary, an assistant professor of chemistry, said she has seen King work tirelessly to support faculty members individual growth as well as the departments collective growth throughout her seven years working with him.

I appreciate a lot about Dr. King, but perhaps what resonates most with me is that he always considered different perspectives within the department and sought to do what was best for us our graduate students and chemistry majors and minors, our staff and our faculty, she said in an email.

This article appeared in the January 13, 2020 issue of the Hatchet.

Here is the original post:
Former chemistry chair to retire after 50 years in academia - GW Hatchet

Chargers optimistic budding chemistry will lead to more wins in L.A. … – ESPN (blog)

SAN DIEGO -- One of the goals for any new coach is to create a winning culture that unites players under one accord.

Los Angeles Chargers head coach Anthony Lynn believes hes accomplishing that task during offseason work at Chargers Park.

Under first-year strength coach John Lott, players were put through an arduous new conditioning program that focused on long-distance running, with the hope that the endurance training would lead to less injuries and better stamina at the end of games.

It was huge, Lynn said. If youre going to finish games in the fourth quarter, you have to be in shape. You and I both know it. It doesnt take talent to be in great shape. That can be a competitive advantage for us.

In addition, assistant coaches like defensive coordinator Gus Bradley and special-teams coordinator George Stewart have brought a new intensity and energy to the players they coach.

You can tell they really like one another, Lynn said. Its a competition, but you have veteran guys and the young guys. The young guys are standing out, working hard with veteran guys.

I like what were seeing from the team, chemistry-wise. I think thats why its so important were all here in the offseason and doing this together. Because when the season starts, you dont have time to build chemistry.

Unlike the other 31 NFL teams, the Chargers will be in the midst of relocating to Los Angeles once training camp starts at the end of July. After the teams mandatory minicamp from June 13-15 concludes, employees will pack up Chargers Park and begin the 100-mile move to Costa Mesa in Orange County.

The Chargers will hold training camp at Jack Hammett Sports Complex near Costa Mesa High School. Once training camp finishes at the end of August, the team plans to move into its new headquarters nearby.

The Chargers are also slated to play in the intimate 30,000-seat StubHub Center in Carson, California, for the next three seasons.

The transition to a new city could be a distraction for players. The Chargers only have to look at what happened last season to the Los Angeles Rams, who finished 4-12 and fired head coach Jeff Fisher near the end of the season.

Chargers players, however, believe the move a few hours north will not be an excuse for what happens on the field in 2017.

Im still a Charger, said cornerback Casey Hayward, who signed with the team as a free agent last offseason after spending his first four years in the NFL with the Green Bay Packers. Were still going to be in California, and in a great city in L.A. in the Orange County area, so you cant beat that. Were still going to be in sunny California, so I like it.

Lynn said the focus during minicamp next week will be fine-tuning what players have learned during offseason work.

We will continue our install, Lynn said. Well go back through it for the third time. Guys should own it, to be honest with you, next week. And they should play a little faster, a little more confident, but I still expect the same spirit, the same competition that you saw today.

Read more:
Chargers optimistic budding chemistry will lead to more wins in L.A. ... - ESPN (blog)

Team gathers unprecedented data on atmosphere’s organic chemistry – MIT News

For a few weeks over the summer in 2011, teams of scientists from around the world converged on a small patch of ponderosa pine forest in Colorado to carry out one of the most detailed, extended survey of atmospheric chemistry ever attempted in one place, in many cases using new measurement devices created especially for this project. Now, after years of analysis, their comprehensive synthesis of the findings have been released this week.

The teams, which included a group from MIT using a newly-developed device to identify and quantify compounds of carbon, reported their combined results in a paper in the journal Nature Geoscience. Jesse Kroll, MIT associate professor of civil and environmental engineering and of chemical engineering, and James Hunter, an MIT technical instructor in the Department of Materials Science and Engineering who was a doctoral student in Krolls group at the time of the research, were senior author and lead author, respectively, of the 24 contributors to the report. Associate Professor Colette Heald of the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and the Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences was also a co-author.

The organic (carbon-containing) compounds they studied in that patch of Colorado forest play a key role in atmospheric chemical processes that can affect air quality, the health of the ecosystem, and the climate itself. Yet many of these processes remain poorly understood in their real-world complexity, and they had never been so rigorously sampled, studied, and quantified in one place before.

The goal was trying to understand the chemistry associated with organic particulate matter in a forested environment, Kroll explains. The various groups took a lot of different measurements using state-of-the-art instruments we each had developed. In doing so, they were able to fill in significant gaps in the inventory of organic compounds in the atmosphere, finding that about a third of them were in the form of previously unmeasured semi-volatile and intermediate-volatility organic compounds (SVOCs and IVOCs).

Weve long suspected there were gaps in our measurements of carbon in the atmosphere, Kroll says. There seemed to be more aerosols than we can explain by measuring their precursors.

The MIT team, as well as some of the other research groups, developed instruments that specifically targeted these hard-to-measure compounds, which Kroll describes as still in the gas phase, but sticky. Their stickiness makes it hard to get them through an inlet into a measuring device, but these compounds may play a significant role in the formation and alteration of aerosols, tiny airborne particles that can contribute to smog or to the nucleation of raindrops or ice crystals, affecting the Earths climate.

Some of these instruments were used for the first time in this campaign, Kroll says. When analyzing the results, which provided unprecedented measurements of the SVOCs and IVOCs, we realized we had this data set that provided much more information on organic compounds than we ever had before. By bringing the data from all these instruments together into one combined dataset, we were able to describe the organic compounds in the atmosphere in a more comprehensive way than had ever been possible, to figure out whats really going on.

Its a more complicated challenge than it might seem, the researchers point out. A very large number of different organic compounds are constantly being emitted by trees and other vegetation, which vary in their chemical composition, their physical properties, and their ability to react chemically with other compounds. As soon as they enter the air many of the compounds begin to oxidize, which exponentially increases their number and diversity.

The collaborative campaign to characterize the quantities and reactions of these different compounds took place in a section of the Manitou Experimental Forest Observatory in the Rocky Mountains of Colorado. Five different instruments were used to collect the data on organic compounds, and three of those had never been used before.

Despite the progress, much remains to be done, the researchers say. While the field measurements provided a detailed profile of the amounts of different compounds over time, it could not identify the specific reactions and pathways that were transforming one set of compounds to another. That kind of analysis requires the direct study of the reactions in a controlled laboratory setting, and that kind of work is ongoing, in Krolls MIT lab and elsewhere.

Filling in all these details will make it possible to refine the accuracy of atmospheric models and help to assess such things as strategies to mitigate specific air pollution issues, from ozone to particulate matter, or to assess the sources and removal mechanisms of atmospheric components that affect Earths climate.

The measurement team included researchers from the University of Colorado, the California Air Resources Board, the University of California at Berkeley, the University of Toronto, the University of Innsbruck in Austria, the National Center for Atmospheric Research, the Edmund Mach Foundation in Italy, Harvard University, the University of Montreal, Aerodyne Research, Carnegie-Mellon University, the University of California at Irvine, and the University of Washington. The work was funded by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.

Read the original:
Team gathers unprecedented data on atmosphere's organic chemistry - MIT News

Will Pro Sports Teams Ever Figure Out How to Quantify How Well Teammates Get Along? – Slate Magazine

David Ross, right, congratulates Jon Lester for pitching a complete game for the win against the Los Angeles Dodgers on June 1 in Chicago.

Jon Durr/Getty Images

What makes a group of athletes greater than the sum of its parts? Is it the knowing glance that New England Patriots quarterback Tom Brady exchanges with Rob Gronkowski when he looks down the line of scrimmage? Is it the fire that the Chicago Cubs Jon Lester mustered after his personal catcher David Ross trotted out to the mound to dispense some wisdom in a tense sixth inning?

Team chemistry is the most elusive factor in sportsthe holy grail of performance analytics, according to Harvard Business Review. Its only logical that certain teams get along better than others, but how important are these relationships, and can teams optimize them?

The fact that the sports worlds intangibles seem, by definition, immeasurable make them an irresistible challenge for researchers whove figured out how to quantify so much of what happens on the field of play. Neuroscientists have claimed to measure chemistry through the synchronized heartbeats of teammates. Other researchers have examined the correlation of high fives and wins.

The rewards for solving the chemistry riddle are high, in part because maximizing chemistry would come at almost zero cost. If a team could determine that a player would contribute more of a winning attitude than another guy with a similar statistical output, theyd get that chemistry boost for freeat least until other teams figured out how to quantify that extra boon to team spirit.

Professional sports franchises are still a long way away from figuring out how to maximize their players ability to work together. Sam Miller, who wrote a feature on team chemistry for ESPN the Magazine in 2013, told me that its not like you have 25 guys, therefore you have 25 relationships. You have 25 guys, therefore you have probably billions of relationships. And Russell Carleton, who has written about the quantification of chemistry for Baseball Prospectus, says major-league clubs havent yet come close to understanding a baseball team as its own little culture. The economics of baseball ensure that in-house analytics gurus focus more on a players hard statistics than something as squirrelly as clubhouse presence. At least for now, every team would be advised to build its roster based on wins above replacement rather than, say, the alleged 10 wins worth of value that pitcher Brandon McCarthy claimed his teammate Brandon Inge contributed off the field.

In reality, were not even particularly close to developing a consensus understanding of what the term chemistry means. Analysts and academics have mountains of player performance data, but these on-field metrics can only carry their research so far. Baseball players spend more time in the relative privacy of locker rooms, dugouts, bullpens, airplanes, and hotel rooms than they do on the field. The limited access researchers have to these spaces means theyre lacking a vital source of quantifiable data. With limited inputs to calculate chemistry, statisticians have to get creative to find something measureable. But what they end up measuring might not actually be chemistry.

Take the work of Katerina Bezrukova, a professor at the University at Buffalo School of Management who has worked with Major League Baseball and the National Basketball Association to shed light on chemistrys role in team performance.* Her research focuses on the demographic fault lines in sports, intrateam divisions that develop from differences in teammates racial, ethnic, and economic backgrounds. She claims that teams must strike an optimal balance between diversity and homogeneity and that teams that fall too far on either side of the golden mean win fewer games. In an MLB season, she finds, chemistry is worth about three wins.

Although demographic factors may have some say in how a team gets along, Bezrukovas research pays little mind to players individual personalities. Thats a far more difficult element to harness, but without it you end up with a circuitous definition of chemistry. Bezrukova has found something to measure. Its just unclear what that something is.

A paper presented at this years MIT Sloan Sports Analytics Conference leans on a similar crutch. In Search of David Ross, named for the backup catcher and spiritual leader of the 2016 World Series champion Cubs, takes a stab at quantifying the indirect impact that an individual player can have on team wins through making their teammates better. The authors do some messy math to get there, employing a regression model on FanGraphs wins above replacement statistic. There is on average a 20 percent variance, they report, between a teams actual win total and the cumulative WAR of all the players on that team. They attribute half of that 20 percent gap to what they call chemistry.

If we wanted to measure chemistry for real, pro baseball would need to function as a laboratory first and a competitive arena second.

There are plenty of problems with this approach. Carleton and Miller both say such a model, which points to a negative space in the calculation of team performance and works backward to fill it in, risks sweeping a lot of unrelated stuff into the chemistry bucket. Miller points out that analysts have traditionally attributed discrepancies between team wins and cumulative WAR to a teams relative clutchnessthat is, random (well, probably random) fluctuations in how similarly skilled players perform in crucial moments throughout the season. Carleton says his concern is that the paper bundles on-field interaction effects into chemistry. His example: If shortstop A plays for a team whose pitching staff produces a lot of ground balls, he may have an inflated WAR compared with shortstop B, whose pitching staff generates a lot of fly balls. Shortstop B produces less value for his team because hes spending a lot of time twiddling his thumbs, but that doesnt necessarily mean he has bad relationships with his teammates or even that he is worse at baseball.

When I brought this up with the authors of the David Ross paper, they said their methods accommodate exactly this sort of scenario. That shortstop who is fielding a lot of infield ground balls? They argue he has good chemistry with his pitchers.

The issue here, then, isnt that the authors are bad at math. Its that their version of chemistryessentially, anything that makes teams better than the players individual characteristics might suggestis not what most of us would call chemistry.

The authors of the papera pair of economists at the Chicago Federal Reserve and a professor at the Indiana University Kelley School of Businessfound a creative workaround given their lack of access to baseball clubhouses, using publicly available player performance data to take aim at an abstract target. If we wanted to measure chemistry for real, pro baseball would need to function as a laboratory first and a competitive arena second. In this fantasyland, statisticians would have unrestricted access to clubhouse social scenes. They could track what players talked about behind closed doors and how long those conversations lasted. They could also randomize trades, testing out different players in different circumstances. Carleton argues that measuring chemistry wouldnt even be that hard in a world like this one. But sadly for researchers (and happily for players), that level of omniscience and omnipotence isnt in the offing, at least in this century.

In the present day, MLB teams use personality exams that that have little more validity than a Myers-Briggs test. But more advanced analytics may find their way into front offices soon. Bezrukova has presented her research to general managers, and Carleton also confirmed to me that in-house analysts from various teams are working on measuring chemistry. But even small breakthroughs will be hard to come by when no one knows what to look for. Until we reach a consensus view of
what chemistry means, well all just be guessing whether David Ross paternal drawl instilled just a touch more confidence in Jon Lester, and how much it matters if it did.

Correction, May 2, 2017: This piece originally misstated that Katerina Bezrukova is a psychology professor at the University of Buffalo. She is a professorat the University at Buffalo School of Management. (Return.)

See more here:
Will Pro Sports Teams Ever Figure Out How to Quantify How Well Teammates Get Along? - Slate Magazine

How Kevin Durant and Steph Curry learned to share the limelight – The Mercury News

SALT LAKE CITY Stephen Curry took a quick deep breath. He was about to yell back at Kevin Durant, but he caught himself.

Durant took out his mouthpiece and screamed at Curry.

STEPH! Durant yelled, then paused with a death stare, waiting for Curry to turn around. GET OUT!

Curry swallowed his next words, turned away from Durant and walked toward the bench shaking his head. Curry kicked a chair when he got to the bench, causing the seat cushion to fly.

It might have looked like trouble in paradise. Really, it was a sign of progress, an illustration of how their relationship has grown.

Ten months since Durant made his choice to leave Oklahoma City, he is already so ingratiated into the Warriors fold that hes freely, publicly yelling at the franchise cornerstone. The rapport is built between the two to the point where such heated exchanges dont stick.

Weve seen it with Durant and Draymond Green, the two players who hit it off faster than any. It took time for Curry and Durant to get here, to get past the niceties. But they both were able to get here because they both have sacrificed for this super team. They have skin in the game.

Durant said before joining the Warriors, he had to hear from Curry. He had to know Curry really wanted him in the core. He didnt want the truth to come out later.

Curry convinced Durant by showing up to the Hamptons to recruit him, and by poignant text messages about his willingness to share the kingdom he built for the sake of the kingdoms sustained dominance.

If the Warriors win the NBA title, the happy ending will have been earned. The relationship between the two MVPs has taken work. So much potential is there for resentment and enmity.

Want Warriors news in your inbox? Sign up for the free DubsDaily newsletter.

Nobody said sacrifice was easy. Perhaps these two MVPs are the only ones who could pull this off.

They have a great relationship, Warriors assistant coach Bruce Fraser said after leading a shooting drill with both of them on Currys favorite court in the Warriors practice facility. They are two guys who have seen a lot and dont care about all that other stuff. They just want to win.

Durant averaged a career-low 16.5 shots per game. It was the most efficient season of his career, but the green light he had always enjoyed was yellow pretty often.

For four months, he was called every synonym of soft as possible for leaving Oklahoma City and joining the team that beat the Thunder. Then when he could finally do something about it, he did. He averaged 27.1 points on 57 percent shooting the first month of the season.

His hot start was punctuated by 36 points and 15 rebounds at Cleveland on Christmas Day, redeeming his name in a showdown against LeBron James.

That hot start cost Curry. He got lost in the Durant Redemption campaign. Curry was on a redemption tour of his own. After a poor showing in the NBA Finals, he had something to prove. And his play the first two months of the season was validating the criticism about him.

It wasnt easy to hear it was Durants team now after all the work he had done to build it. Curry has an ego like all of them. But his sacrifice was in swallowing it, even as members of his own camp mumbled about how Curry was being slighted.

Then it was Durant with the poignant message to Curry. He told Curry to play his game. He promised Curry he would be fine bending his considerable talents around Currys style of play. The dialogue on how to make this work began.

And between their talks are lots and lots of laughs. At team gatherings, they are almost inseparable and riotous in their fun. Anyone who sees them together, especially with Green in the mix, can see why they work because they both value the camaraderie and brotherhood. They love the fun times behind the scenes even more than the glory in front of the cameras.

Its the ability to share jokes and real talk, praise and constructive criticism, that gives their bond some real depth.

It wouldnt be real if they couldnt be real with each other, Green said. Thats how I know their relationship is good. Because it is genuine.

Curry went on a tear when he started playing his game. In January, a more-aggressive Curry averaged 27.8 points and 6.9 assists for the month. And Durant averaged 27.4 points on 56.5 percent. They had worked themselves into a harmony.

But it tailed off for Durant. In February, he found himself slumping. Then Feb. 28, he suffered a knee injury that knocked him out for all but two games the rest of the season. And then he had to sit and watch himself be marginalized by the national dialogue and public opinion.

Curry flourished as the Warriors ran off a 14-game win streak. And suddenly, Durant who was anointed the Warriors best player earlier in the season was suddenly a hindrance for Curry. And you know he heard it, and it bothered him, because he addressed it after his first game back April 8.

I guess I dont make him worse after all, Durant said to the media postgame.

Through all of this, Curry and Durant have been talking and texting. They have been working out the kinks, encouraging one another, holding each other accountable. They are both invested. They have both sacrificed. They are both mature enough to say what they need to, but humble enough to accept what is being said.

I knew what I was getting into, Durant said. Ive seen so much in this league. I know how long a season is, how the ebb and flows work. You get to a point where you just want to win, man. Thats all its about.

Curry took a quick deep breath. He was about to reply to Kevin Durant, but he caught himself. Durant had just emerged from the shower, two blue towels covering most of his lankiness. The Warriors had just completed the sweep of the Jazz. Walking past his point guard, he offered Curry some advice.

Next time, make sure you towel off your back, Durant said.

The rear of his Currys white Diesel T-shirt coincidentally, the same one Green was wearing, identifiable by the crossing straps built into the back was soaking wet. Curry was about to explain, but swallowed his next words. And broke into a smile.

Thanks bro, he said to Durant. I appreciate it, man. Thanks for looking out.

Read the original:
How Kevin Durant and Steph Curry learned to share the limelight - The Mercury News

Column: How the chemistry of sunscreen is protecting your skin this Memorial Day – PBS NewsHour

No matter where your complexion falls on the Fitzpatrick Skin Type scale, ultraviolet radiation (UV) from the sun or tanning beds will damage your skin. Photo by Robert Lemann/via Adobe

Not so long ago, people like my Aunt Muriel thought of sunburn as a necessary evil on the way to a good base tan. She used to slather on the baby oil while using a large reflector to bake away. Aunt Muriels mantra when the inevitable burn and peel appeared: Beauty has its price.

Was she ever right about that price but it was a lot higher than any of us at the time recognized. What sun addicts didnt know then was that we were setting our skin up for damage to its structural proteins and DNA. Hello, wrinkles, liver spots and cancers. No matter where your complexion falls on the Fitzpatrick Skin Type scale, ultraviolet radiation (UV) from the sun or tanning beds will damage your skin.

Today, recognition of the risks posed by UV rays has motivated scientists, myself included, to study whats going on in our cells when theyre in the sun and devise modern ways to ward off that damage.

UV light that affects our skin has a shorter wavelength than the parts of the electromagnetic spectrum we can see. Photo by Inductiveload/NASA

Sunlight is composed of packets of energy called photons. The visible colors we can see by eye are relatively harmless to our skin; its the suns ultraviolet (UV) light photons that can cause skin damage. UV light can be broken down into two categories: UVA (in the wavelength range 320-400 nanometers) and UVB (in the wavelength range 280320 nm).

Our skin contains molecules that are perfectly structured to absorb the energy of UVA and UVB photons. This puts the molecule into an energetically excited state. And as the saying goes, what goes up must come down. In order to release their acquired energy, these molecules undergo chemical reactions and in the skin that means there are biological consequences.

Interestingly, some of these effects used to be considered helpful adaptations though we now recognize them as forms of damage. Tanning is due to the production of extra melanin pigment induced by UVA rays. Exposure to the sun also turns on the skins natural antioxidant network, which deactivates highly destructive reactive oxygen species (ROS) and free radicals; if left unchecked, these can cause cellular damage and oxidative stress within the skin.

We also know that UVA light penetrates deeper into the skin than UVB, destroying a structural protein called collagen. As collagen degrades, our skin loses its elasticity and smoothness, leading to wrinkles. UVA is responsible for many of the visible signs of aging, while UVB light is considered the primary source of sunburn. Think A for aging and B for burning.

DNA itself can absorb both UVA and UVB rays, causing mutations which, if unrepaired, can lead to non-melanoma (basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma) or melanoma skin cancers. Other skin molecules pass absorbed UV energy on to those highly reactive ROS and free radicals. The resulting oxidative stress can overload the skins built-in antioxidant network and cause cellular damage. ROS can react with DNA, forming mutations, and with collagen, leading to wrinkles. They can also interrupt cell signaling pathways and gene expression.

The end result of all of these photoreactions is photodamage that accumulates over the course of a lifetime from repeated exposure. And this cannot be emphasized enough this applies to all skin types, from Type I (like Nicole Kidman) to Type VI (like Jennifer Hudson). Regardless of how much melanin we have in our skin, we can develop UV-induced skin cancers and we will all eventually see the signs of photo-induced aging in the mirror.

The good news, of course, is that the risk of skin cancer and the visible signs of aging can be minimized by preventing overexposure to UV radiation. When you cant avoid the sun altogether, todays sunscreens have got your back (and all the rest of your skin too).

Sunscreens employ UV filters: molecules specifically designed to help reduce the amount of UV rays that reach through the skin surface. A film of these molecules forms a protective barrier either absorbing (chemical filters) or reflecting (physical blockers) UV photons before they can be absorbed by our DNA and other reactive molecules deeper in the skin.

In the United States, the Food and Drug Administration regulates sunscreens as drugs. Because we were historically most concerned with protecting against sunburn, 14 molecules that block sunburn-inducing UVB rays are approved for use. That we have just two UVA-blocking molecules available in the United States avobenzone, a chemical filter; and zinc oxide, a physical blocker is a testament to our more recent understanding that UVA causes trouble, not just tans.

The FDA also has enacted strict labeling requirements most obviously about SPF (sun protection factor). On labels since 1971, SPF represents the relative time it takes for an individual to get sunburned by UVB radiation. For example, if it takes 10 minutes typically to burn, then, if used correctly, an SPF 30 sunscreen should provide 30 times that 300 minutes of protection before sunburn.

Used correctly is the key phrase. Research shows that it takes about one ounce, or basically a shot glass-sized amount of sunscreen, to cover the exposed areas of the average adult body, and a nickel-sized amount for the face and neck (more or less, depending on your body size). The majority of people apply between a quarter to a half of the recommended amounts, placing their skin at risk for sunburn and photodamage.

In addition, sunscreen efficacy decreases in the water or with sweating. To help consumers, FDA now requires sunscreens labeled water-resistant or very water-resistant to last up to 40 minutes or 80 minutes, respectively, in the water, and the American Academy of Dermatology and other medical professional groups recommend reapplication immediately after any water sports. The general rule of thumb is to reapply about every two hours and certainly after water sports or sweating.

In the U.S., the FDA regulates sunscreens available to consumers. Photo by Jeff Greenberg/UIG via Getty Images

To get high SPF values, multiple UVB UV filters are combined into a formulation based upon safety standards set by the FDA. However, the SPF doesnt account for UVA protection. For a sunscreen to make a claim as having UVA and UVB protection and be labeled Broad Spectrum, it must pass FDAs Broad Spectrum Test, where the sunscreen is hit with a large does of UVB and UVA light before its effectiveness is tested.

This pre-irradiation step was established in FDAs 2012 sunscreen labeling rules and acknowledges something significant about UV-filters: some can be photolabile, meaning they can degrade under UV irradiation. The most famous example may be PABA. This UVB-absorbing molecule is rarely used in sunscreens today because it forms photoproducts that elicit an allergic reaction in some people.

But the Broad Spectrum Test really came into effect only once the UVA-absorbing molecule avobenzone came onto the market. Avobenzone can interact with octinoxate, a strong and widely used UVB absorber, in a way that makes avobenzone less effective against UVA photons. The UVB filter octocrylene, on the other hand, helps stabilize avobenzone so it lasts longer in its UVA-absorbing form. Additionally, you may notice on some sunscreen labels the molecule ethylhexyl methoxycrylene. It helps stabilize avobenzone even in the presence of octinoxate, and provides us with longer-lasting protection against UVA rays.

Next up in sunscreen innovation is the broadening of their mission. Because even the highest SPF sunscreens dont block 100 percent of UV rays, the addition of antioxidants can supply a second line of protection when the skins natural antioxidant defenses are overloaded. Some antioxidant ingredients my colleagues and I have worked with include to
copheral acetate (Vitamin E), sodium ascorbyl phosophate (Vitamin C), and DESM. And sunscreen researchers are beginning to investigate if the absorption of other colors of light, like infrared, by skin molecules has a role to play in photodamage.

As research continues, one thing we know for certain is that protecting our DNA from UV damage, for people of every color, is synonymous with preventing skin cancers. The Skin Cancer Foundation, American Cancer Society and the American Academy of Dermatology all stress that research shows regular use of an SPF 15 or higher sunscreen prevents sunburn and reduces the risk of non-melanoma cancers by 40 percent and melanoma by 50 percent.

We can still enjoy being in the sun. Unlike my Aunt Muriel and us kids in the 1980s, we just need to use the resources available to us, from long sleeves to shade to sunscreens, in order to protect the molecules in our skin, especially our DNA, from UV damage.

Kerry Hanson is a research chemist at the University of California, Riverside. She has consulted for Bayer, J&J/Neutrogena and P&G. Her academic work has been funded by Hallstar and through a joint University of California Discovery Grant with Merck. She is a member of the American Chemical Society. This article was originally published on The Conversation. Read the original article here.

Here is the original post:
Column: How the chemistry of sunscreen is protecting your skin this Memorial Day - PBS NewsHour

Quantifying changes in surface chemistry of woody plants during … – Phys.Org

May 3, 2017 ORNL researchers used sophisticated laser scanning techniques to compare the breakdown of fermented popular (B) compared with unfermented popular (A), as they quantified, for the first time, chemical changes in the cell walls surface. Credit: Oak Ridge National Laboratory

A bottleneck to breaking down woody plants for use in biofuels or other products may occur at the plant cell wall's surface, according to a new Oak Ridge National Laboratory study.

Researchers exposed samples of non-pretreated poplar to a microorganism called Clostridium thermocellum. The team found that the breakdown of carbohydrates during microbial fermentation ceased prematurely in the secondary cell wall, when the plant's sugar material was only about 30 percent processed.

"The surface quickly goes through significant changes and becomes non-productive for further degradation by enzymes even as 70 percent of usable plant sugars are still trapped in the cell wall structure," said ORNL's Alexandru Dumitrache.

While further research is required to resolve the holdup, results of the study published in Green Chemistry for the first time quantified the changes in the surface chemistry.

Explore further: Microscopybiomass close-up

More information: Alexandru Dumitrache et al. Cellulose and lignin colocalization at the plant cell wall surface limits microbial hydrolysis of Populus biomass, Green Chem. (2017). DOI: 10.1039/C7GC00346C

Oak Ridge National Laboratory scientists created an approach to get a better look at plant cell wall characteristics at high resolution as they create more efficient, less costly methods to deconstruct biomass.

Plant cell wall growth is typically described as a simple process, but researchers using a microscope that can resolve images on the nanoscale level have observed something more complex.

Scientists have mapped changes in composition of plant cell walls over space and time, providing new insights into the development and growth of all plants.

To make biofuels, tiny microbes can be used to break down plant cells. As part of that digestive process, specialized enzymes break down cellulosea major molecule that makes plant cell walls rigid. Scientists showed that ...

Comparison of 3D TEM imaging techniques reveals never-seen-before details of plant cell walls, according to a study published September 10, 2014 in the open-access journal PLOS ONE by Purbasha Sarkar from University of California, ...

In a breakthrough that could make the production of cellulosic ethanol less expensive, Cornell researchers have discovered a class of plant enzymes that potentially could allow plant materials used to make ethanol to be broken ...

Imagine a raincoat that heals a scratch by shedding the part of the outer layer that's damaged. To create such a material, scientists have turned to nature for inspiration. They report in ACS' journal Langmuir a water-repellant ...

Discovering a way to harness ice recrystallization could enable fabrication of highly efficient materials for a range of products, including porous electrodes for batteries and transparent conducting films used to manufacture ...

Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory scientists and academic collaborators have demonstrated the synthesis of transparent glass through 3-D printing, a development that could ultimately lead to altering the design and structure ...

Polymeric aerogels are nanoporous structures that combine some of the most desirable characteristics of materials, such as flexibility and mechanical strength. It is nearly impossible to improve on a substance considered ...

Biology must be in a hurry. In balancing speed and accuracy to duplicate DNA, produce proteins and carry out other processes, evolution has apparently determined that speed is of higher priority, according to Rice University ...

(Phys.org)Drug design involves guided trial-and-error. How the body metabolizes a particular drug is important for determining drug efficacy. There have been many studies to understand how xenobiotics interact with cytochrome ...

Please sign in to add a comment. Registration is free, and takes less than a minute. Read more

Originally posted here:
Quantifying changes in surface chemistry of woody plants during ... - Phys.Org

Team chemistry, NFL pain management and Mexico looks to the NCAA – ESPN

sports + biz + culture + life Get REDEF delivered to your inbox

rantnrave:// How should MLB respond to the racist abuse Adam Jones took in Boston Monday night? MLB must act quickly and strongly, and words won't be enough. It's not just because of a sense of moral righteousness -- though that is important too -- but because MLB is in a different position than other major sports. The league sits on a razor's edge. "Baseball is a white man's sport," Jones said in September, and while that may not be altogether true, MLB does have a much lower count of African-American players than the NBA and NFL. MLB has long been a home for culture wars. Lately, that has been seen in the debate over how the game is played -- specifically how much fun and celebration should be allowed. Playing the "right way" has been accused of being code for playing the "white way." In European soccer, fans' racist acts can lead to games in empty stadiums or repercussions for the team itself. That's the sort of baseline MLB must set here, too. There are remorseful statements and there is action. We've seen the former. Will we get the latter? ... Mets fans, I love you, but you're weird. Having your ashes dumped into Citi Field toilets may cross the fine line between being a fan and the kind of fanaticism that extends into the afterlife. ... I wonder if Derek Jeter is just the beginning of the athlete-turned-owner life cycle. Magic Johnson and Michael Jordan are owners too, but they made their wealth as much off the field as on it. Jeter starred during a generation when sports paychecks grew into the hundreds of millions of dollars -- enough to make sizable contributions to investments in teams. And there is enough evidence that being just an ex-jock is no longer enough. Athletes want to be entrepreneurs and investors and owners. Being only the face of a product isn't cool anymore. ... Kerith Burke, a former SNY broadcaster, wrote a poignant essay about her struggle to find a new job in the TV industry. It puts a fine point on the changing nature of sports programming.

What makes a group of athletes greater than the sum of its parts? Adam Willis | Slate

Amid concerns about pro football's overreliance on opioids and other painkillers, many see cannabis as an effective and safer alternative. Rick Maese | The Washington Post

Esports are uniquely vulnerable to a widespread match fixing scandal. Can a network of organizations prevent it before it begins? B. David Zarley | Vice Sports

The rigorous activity is dominated by female athletes -- and is growing in legitimacy and popularity. Elisabeth Sherman | The Atlantic

Cetys University is making an ambitious bid to become the first Mexican member of the NCAA. Marc Tracy | The New York Times

"It's not enough to be smart. You have to be curious."

Get REDEF delivered to your inbox

Follow this link:
Team chemistry, NFL pain management and Mexico looks to the NCAA - ESPN

Ex-chemistry professor to run for Congress – Chemistry World (subscription)

Former chemistry professor Phil Janowicz is running for Congress for the first time in an attempt to unseat Republican Ed Royce, who has been a Californian representative for 25 years. Janowicz says he is running for Congress to oppose Trumps agenda, noting that his opponent has voted in lockstep with the president. The congressional election takes place in November 2018.

As a chemistry teacher here at California State Fullerton, I was constantly amazed by the grit and determination of my students, Janowicz said in a speech at the university on 25 April to announce his Democratic candidacy. When I learned how many of my students were struggling to meet basic food and housing needs, I decided that I had to do more than teach chemistry.

Janowicz tells Chemistry World that he was deeply affected by the plight of his students, even beyond the issue of crippling student loan debt. He recounts how many of those he taught were afraid for their parents to attend graduation due to concerns about deportation. The students, themselves US citizens, were fearful that their parents would be put at risk by attending because they lacked proper documentation.

After beginning his teaching at California State Fullerton in 2010, Janowicz left academia shortly after securing tenure to launch an education consultancy in January 2017.

In announcing his candidacy, Janowicz said he is running for Congress to resist the Trump agenda, and criticised his opponents record of voting with Trump 96% of the time. This was an apparent reference to a figure put forward by the polling data analysis website FiveThirtyEight to reflect how often Royce voted in line with the presidents positions.

Janowicz is concerned about the lack of scientists and individuals with science, technology, engineering and mathematics backgrounds in Congress. We need to tackle the problems of today with data we need to bring scientists back into public office, he says. Janowicz points to a proposal from the Trump administration to pull the earth science division out of Nasa, and warns that this will stymie the agencys ability to gather critical data from its satellites. If they cant collect the data, we cant even report on what is going on, he says.

Nevertheless, Janowicz acknowledges that going up against a Washington DC career politician will not be easy. He has raised about $30,000 (23,000) over the past few days, and the goal is at least $200,000 by late June when the filing period ends. Meanwhile, records indicate that Royces campaign has raised over $2.8 million.

See more here:
Ex-chemistry professor to run for Congress - Chemistry World (subscription)

Dryden middle, high schools to remain closed after chemical fire … – CNYcentral.com

DRYDEN, N.Y.

Dryden Middle and High Schools will remain closed on Wednesday after closing early Tuesday due to a small chemical fire, according to school officials.

Authorities say the fire started in a trash can in a chemistry lab on school property. No one was reportedly injured during the fire.

The fire started when a student cleaning up wiped a container with a chemical on it and tossed the paper towel in the trash. Another student then threw away a wet paper in the same trash can which caused a reaction and sparked the fire.

A teacher was able to quickly put the flames out with an extinguisher. Students and faculty were instructed to evacuate the building at the time of the fire.

School officials along with the Dryden Fire Department decided it was best to dismiss school so the incident could be fully evaluated.

The Superintendent of Dryden Central Schools said the middle and high schools will stay closed on Wednesday so crews can conduct air quality tests as precaution.

Dryden Fire Department along with Dryden Ambulance, Ithaca Fire Department, Dryden Police Department, and New York State Police all were called to the scene to investigate.

Continue reading here:
Dryden middle, high schools to remain closed after chemical fire ... - CNYcentral.com

Commentary: Better living through chemistry – Jacksonville Journal Courier

On Earth Day, April 22, a hundred thousand people marched all across the world for science. Tens of thousands demonstrated in Los Angeles and London, while 200 people marched 200 miles north of the Arctic circle in Norway. In 600 cities on every continent, citizens and scientists carried signs like Fund science, not walls and Science trumps alternative facts. In Washington, D.C., the biggest crowd protested Donald Trumps proposed budget cuts to scientific research in public health and climate.

Trump is carrying out normal Republican politics. None of the many Republican candidates for president in 2016 thought evolution should be taught in public schools. A majority of Republican voters believe in creationism.

The issue of climate change shows the influence of political ideology on attitudes toward science. A Pew poll found that only 15 percent of conservative Republicans believe the earth is warming mostly due to human activity, 34 percent of moderate Republicans, 63 percent of moderate Democrats and 79 percent of liberal Democrats. A majority of conservative Republicans believes that climate scientists are influenced by a desire to advance their careers and political ideology, not by scientific evidence or public interest.

To put it simply, conservatives dont believe in science or scientists.

Heres how science denial works in real life. Lots of private websites offer their version of science, paid for by private money that they dont disclose, using clever tactics to pretend to search for truth. An example is the Heartland Institute, which has been denying the existence of warming for decades.

On the other side is Understanding Science, a public project of the University of California at Berkeley, funded by the federal National Science Foundation. This step-by-easy-step primer offers a balanced and authentic understanding of how science really works. But those who automatically accuse both government and the nations best universities of politicized scientific fraud would dismiss this site as propaganda. So they wont learn from it how our scientific community does a far better job of policing high standards for honesty and frankness than either politicians or corporations.

And they wont think about who pays for science: Most scientific research is funded by government grants (e.g., from the National Science Foundation, the National Institutes of Health, etc.), companies doing research and development, and non-profit foundations.

Public and private sources have different priorities for funding scientific research. My nephew works on the development of a drug to stop Alzheimers for a biotechnology company formed by scientists and venture capitalists. Their research is motivated both to find better medicines for our collective health and to make money. As I approach 70, the prospect of preventing brain degeneration before it hits me is exciting. Their profit might extend my useful life.

Some privately funded scientific research is not in the public interest at all, such as the tobacco companies effort to deny the link to cancer, funneled through sciency-sounding propaganda organizations like the Heartland Institute.

The Republicans in Congress are not waging a war on all science; they quote from Heartlands fake science. They attack government-supported science because it might lead to government spending. For example, the discovery of lead in the water in Flint, Michigan, meant that old pipes must be replaced on 17,000 homes at an estimated cost of $7,500 each, totaling $127.5 million. Government-paid scientific research documented how lead affects babies brains, supported the creation of regulations which forced industry to stop using lead, compared the levels of lead in Flints water to experimental evidence on poisoning, and thus demonstrated the need for federal intervention.

Republicans in the Senate voted overwhelmingly to deny funding to deal with Flints crisis, but that effort lost by one vote. Congress authorized $170 million for Flint.

In the words of Understanding Science, Science affects your life every day in all sorts of different ways. Good public science saves lives and serves the public interest through government spending and government regulation. But those are Republican curse words. That is the deep secret behind the anti-science policies of Republicans in Congress and the White House. If they want to shrink government, they have to slow down or even stop science. They use tactics of obfuscation and delay. House Science Committee chair Lamar Smith attacked a 2015 study showing rising global temperatures. He used his old tactics, honed over decades in Congress: he demanded thousands of emails and other documents in search of malfeasance, misspent funds or corruption. He never found any, but he slowed down science he doesnt like.

This is not in our national interest. If we dont prepare for the worlds new climate, if we dont prevent health crises through regulation of pollutants, if we dont spend now on inconvenient science, we will have to spend much more later in economic and social costs. Peter Muennig, professor of public health at Columbia University, estimates that the two fewer healthy years of the 8,000 Flint children exposed to lead might cost American society $400 million.

The astrophysicist and TV explainer of science, Neil deGrasse Tyson, said, The good thing about science is that its true, whether or not you believe it.

The bad thing about Republican science politics is that our children and grandchildren will pay the price. Without science, its just fiction.

Olga Rodriguez | AP

http://myjournalcourier.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/web1_AP17112820985283.jpgOlga Rodriguez | AP

Steve Hochstadt is a writer, a gardener and a retired Illinois College professor of history. His column appears Tuesdays in the Journal-Courier and is available at stevehochstadt.blogspot.com.

.

Link:
Commentary: Better living through chemistry - Jacksonville Journal Courier

Making chemistry cool – Marshall Independent

SMSU seniors Katie Carter, left, and Megan Bruns watch the student reactions as their elephant toothpaste begins to erupt.

Explosions of light and sound, disappearing water and other cool chemistry reactions despite oftentimes being awe-inspiring and mysterious are not to be mistaken for magic, members of the Southwest Minnesota State University Chem Club said.

People always call our shows magic shows, but we consider them more of reaction shows because we dont want to teach magic, SMSU chemistry major Tori Henry said. Chemistry isnt magic. Its science.

Holy Redeemer School students recently had the opportunity to learn about and experience the power of chemistry during a chemical reaction show presented by Henry, Megan Bruns, Katie Carter, Easton Popma, Austin LaFollette and Rhiannon Sears.

We enjoy doing the reactions on our own we would be fine because its fun doing it but then watching all the kids reactions out of it, its a really fun thing for us, LaFollette said.

LaFollette had the role of heating mixtures of chemicals inside a balloon, stretching out as far as he could with a long-handled torch.

Its a little exciting, he said. You never know whats going to happen. Its an art and a science. The balloons are a little bit of an art. Youre never quite sure what is going to come out.

Along with chemistry professor Noelle Beyer, the SMSU students started off the reaction show by stressing safety. Chemicals can be dangerous, so anyone working with them needs to be very knowledgeable and cautious, they said.

Most of what we do is fairly safe, Beyer said. Our reactions have come a long way. In the labs at school and at shows when were doing experiments, we say that you need to respect the chemicals. Whatever it is, treat it with respect and then youll be fine.

At certain points in the show, the presenters had everyone cup their hands over their ears. Kindergartener Aria Williamson always made sure she followed the directions. Like the other students and staff curiously observing, she knew something exciting was about to happen.

When asked which reaction was her favorite, Williamson said: The balloon one because it was so noisy. It scared me.

One time LaFollette sparked the balloon, a quick burst of light flared in the darkness. The next time he lit the chemicals inside a balloon, there were collective gasps as most audience members felt the incredible sonic blast.

I liked the explosions the best, HRS fourth-grader Wyatt Foley said.

Along with other fourth-graders under the direction of teacher Lisa Vandendriessche, Foley was required to provide some feedback about what he witnessed.

We just had to tell three things we learned about it and what experiment you like best, he said.

It was apparent that the show was intriguing for people of all ages.

This was a lot of fun, Vandendriessche said.

One of the tricks was called the Hustle because it involved disappearing liquid. LaFollette started off with three cups, one of which held a water-like fluid. As he switched the cups around, the students were asked to keep their eyes on the one that contained the water. Most were able to get the first round right. Some correctly guessed the second try. But none picked the right cup on the third switcheroo attempt because the liquid dissipated.

Its really cool to be able to see different reactions in the classroom and be able to put them into things that look really cool things that blow peoples minds, Henry said. The Hustle, the first one we did with the water, is really simple, but nobody knows what happens. The water just disappears.

Beyer said the Chem Club typically includes about 10-15 students each year. Roughly six or seven perform chemical reactions at various shows, she said.

It varies from show to show, depending on what students have going on, Beyer said. I thought this show went really well. The audience was super excited, which always gets us excited. All the reactions worked some of them take a little more time and I thought the students who were presenting did a great job explaining and trying to keep the students involved and aware.

Sometimes, Beyer said, the audiences arent as responsive to the presentations.

This was a great audience, so that was really fun, she said. We really enjoyed it.

Bruns and Carter demonstrated how to make toothpaste for an elephant.

Those of us in the Chem Club decided we should adopt an elephant, Bruns said. Thats my favorite animal. So I went to Wal-Mart to get elephant supplies.

Bruns continued, saying she bought giant blankets and wrote him a book they could read together, but there wasnt any toothpaste for elephants.

Katie and I both have recipes for toothpaste, but one of us has a higher concentration, Bruns said. See if you can tell which one of us it is.

Eventually, the toothpaste-like suds began to erupt. One experiment reacted quicker, while the other one produced suds longer.

Bruns and Henry then used a recipe to make a strong rope-like floss for the elephant.

You can see the two layers, Henry said. We resurrected this one. Wed done this demonstration in years prior, but wed stopped doing them for awhile because it didnt work. We just got it working again. Its really cool.

Henry said she couldnt believe how strong the floss was, especially considering it started out as a liquid.

When I was practicing it, I wound that whole thing up and it was about the size of a lollipop, she said. It was huge. It just kept going. And it is a really strong string.

LaFollette used chemicals to produce a glow-in-the-dark liquid like fireflies, he said. That is cool, a student said.

LaFollette then got out another balloon. This time, the reaction caused a loud boom and had enough of a ripple effect to make the overhead stage curtains sway back and forth.

That is so insane, another student in the audience said.

Music teacher Anna Lenz used the reaction show as a teachable moment.

You can smell the sulfur, Lenz said to the kindergarteners. Thats what you are smelling.

Henry demonstrated how to make snow using chemicals.

Well, it looks more like a slushy, she said. But I bet youve never lit snow on fire.

Henry did just that, changing colors as the chemicals began reacting. She also had a little sparkler show.

After Bruns added liquid to half-full glasses and changed the clear colors to red, white and blue, Beyer took the stage.

Im like Megan. Im into colors, Beyer said. I have some solutions here that are clear, and Im going to add some clear-water type chemicals that will turn different colors. Im going to turn them into a rainbow.

Beyer effectively produced the colors of the rainbow, then turned the colors back to a clear color. Wow, a handful of students said.

Beyer said the Chem Club typically does a show for and makes Silly Putty with the West Side Elementary students each year. They also did a show in Lake Benton this year. Wee Care preschool is also scheduled to come to campus for some hands-on activities this year as well.

I think its important to educate people, and especially to get kids excited, to let them know that its fun, she said. Science doesnt have to be boring and uninteresting. We just love it. Science is really cool.

Students also had the opportunity to see a number of other demonstrations, including a fire tornado and ones using large plastic water jugs. All of the experiments were met with much applause.

Since there were younger students in attendance, Beyer said they purposely left out a lot of information. No one wants inexperienced children attempting to replicate the chemistry experiments at home.

Sometimes when we do shows for a little older kids, we explain it more, Beyer said. Sometimes well do shows for high school kids. Then we try to explain more of the chemistry that is going on.

The hope is that students who are interested in science possibly pursue that avenue when they are older. Henry, a junior, didnt start out as a chemistry major, but was drawn to it.

I started out as a food science major, she said. I ended up switching, and now Ive met a lot of great friends here.

LaFollette said he contemplated becoming a veterinarian, so he started out taking biology and chemistry classes.

I found that I just enjoyed the chemistry classes and ended up in the Chem Club, too, he said. Im going to California (this week) to the American Chemicals Society Convention. Theres going to be thousands and thousands of people there.

WASHINGTON (AP) A sobering report to governors about the potential consequences of repealing the Obama-era ...

Continue reading here:
Making chemistry cool - Marshall Independent

Harvard researcher creates chemical system that mimics early cell behavior – Harvard Gazette


Harvard Gazette
Harvard researcher creates chemical system that mimics early cell behavior
Harvard Gazette
A Harvard researcher seeking a model for the earliest cells has created a system that self-assembles from a chemical soup into cell-like structures that grow, move in response to light, replicate when destroyed, and exhibit signs of rudimentary ...

Originally posted here:
Harvard researcher creates chemical system that mimics early cell behavior - Harvard Gazette

To get back to the World Series, the Dodgers have focused on … – Los Angeles Times

By Andy McCullough

March 31, 2017

The ballpark felt like a prison.

For several hours after the sixth game of the National League Championship Series last October, fans swarmed the streets surrounding Wrigley Field, spilling beer and screaming themselves hoarse to commemorate the Chicago Cubs reaching the World Series. The scene rendered transportation out of the stadium impossible: Waveland Avenue, Sheffield Avenue, Clark Street and Addison Street all teemed with drunken, boisterous humanity.

That left the Dodgers cooped up inside the antediluvian visitors clubhouse. As they waited for the crowd to disperse, with Saturday night stretching into Sunday morning, the players, coaches and executives eulogized the end of the season. Gloom did not pervade the room. The group did not lament how close they had come to snapping the organizations championship drought.

They spoke of how eager they were to come back.

That interlude, the last moment between the end of 2016 and the beginning of 2017, planted the seeds of roster reconstruction that led the Dodgers into this season. Those emotions stuck with Andrew Friedman, the clubs president of baseball operations, as he charted a course for the winter.

There was obvious disappointment, Friedman said. But there was so much determination in everyones eyes, in the condolences, in the hugs that usually follow your season ending. Ive been accustomed to it being a certain way. And this was much more focused, with so many guys talking about how they cant wait for next year.

Friedman recalled that when he took over after the 2014 season, one of our most over-arching goals was to change the culture and create a culture where players who were here wanted to stay and where players from other organizations wanted to stay.

The events of this past off-season fulfilled part of that vision. Excited about the teams future, invigorated by the leadership of Manager Dave Roberts, encouraged by the camaraderie of the group, the band got back together.

The Dodgers led the industry by doling out nearly $200 million in free agency. The overwhelming majority went to their own players, with $192 million spread between closer Kelley Jansen, third baseman Justin Turner and pitcher Rich Hill. Jansen, second baseman Chase Utley and reliever Sergio Romo all turned down more lucrative offers from other teams.

Its probably the thing Im most proud about in my short, short tenure, for players to say I love playing for you, or I want to play for the Dodgers, Roberts said. This winter was evidence.

The team returned 21 members of its 25-man playoff roster against the Cubs. After spending the first two seasons sifting through the rosters personalities, the front office settled upon what it believes is the correct mix for constructive clubhouse chemistry.

When put to players, the phrase clubhouse chemistry draws eye-rolls. Exciting stuff, Turner shrugged. Yeah, we all hate each other in here.

But for years, the Dodgers clubhouse appeared cleaved by division. And the current regime pays attention to culture at every level of the organization. It affects which players they pursue and how the players treat one another. The key, players and team officials said, is simple but challenging: Find guys who care. Or, in the sports saltier parlance, guys who give a . . . .

We want guys who want to be here, Roberts said. Talent withstanding, if theyre not the right player for us, if they dont fit, then we dont want them here.

Clayton Kershaw offered a window to the issues that once affected the team when explaining his affection for this current group.

Everybody is going to have their own individual personalities, the three-time Cy Young Award winner said. And some people are going to have ulterior motives other than just playing the game and winning. But when the majority wants to win a game more than anything else, I think thats the definition of clubhouse chemistry.

When the majority wants to win a game more than anything else, I think thats the definition of clubhouse chemistry.

Clayton Kershaw

The unity occurs at a time of intense polarization across the country, with the nation still divided after the 2016 election. During meetings earlier this spring, team officials counseled players about the merits of speaking out against or in defense of President Trump. Friedman indicated that while the Dodgers never want to muzzle anybody, the players needed to respect the differences that exist among us.

Its interesting, because people who follow the Dodgers are looking for some type of drama in our clubhouse, Roberts said. But everyone in there is focused on winning a championship. So to bring your political views to cause a distraction, I dont think its a concern for these guys.

How Dodgers GM Farhan Zaidi became one of the most coveted minds in baseball

For every Mike Trout in the draft, there are hundreds of swings and misses by the scouts

The Zaidi file: Moves the Dodgers have made with him as general manager

The Dodgers, despite some injuries, are back and built to compete with Cubs for NL title

Angels have put focus on defense, but rotation must have quality starts

Added Turner, Guys have their beliefs. But its almost like a comical debate, that guys get laughs out of, rather than guys getting upset. Its just a comfortable place.

Turner spent part of the spring conducting an epistemological study based on the scientific musings of Cleveland Cavaliers guard Kyrie Irving. Brandon Morrow, a veteran reliever who signed a minor league contract, was filling in a crossword puzzle one day when Turner approached. Turner was conducting a poll: Was the Earth round or was it flat? Morrow looked at Turner like the question was bonkers.

Youd be surprised at some of the answers, Turner said.

Spherical, Morrow said, then went back to his puzzle.

Turner posed the question to first baseman Ike Davis.

If it was flat, Davis reasoned, people could fall off.

I dont know man, Turner said. Ive definitely seen people fall off the face of the Earth.

As Turner canvassed the room asking about the planets shape, a speaker system located in the locker of outfielder Scott Van Slyke provided the soundtrack. Turner often handles the music in the Dodger Stadium clubhouse, but Van Slyke inherited the position of Camelback Ranch DJ after the team traded infielder Dee Gordon. Its a lot of pressure, Van Slyke said.

For years, seasoned baseball men considered music a divisive force, as fans of country music or Latin music or rap or metal chafed when their preference wasnt played. Van Slyke seeks to create a more congenial environment. He prefers a restrained version of electronic dance music, mostly because lyrics are so stupid these days, but he uses Spotify, which curates playlists to set the mood. The soundtrack veers from Drake to Sam Hunt to System Of A Down, generally played at a respectful volume.

Each player should be coached, managed differently in regard to their personality. That allows guys to show their individuality underneath the team concept.

Dave Roberts

Each player should be coached, managed differently in regard to their personality. That allows guys to show their individuality underneath the team concept.

Dave Roberts

Roberts sought to create a sense of common purpose after the team hired him to manage the club in 2016. He outlined unity as his No. 1 goal at his first spring training. He described the process as a very rapid progression, to the players credit. He saw the team bond during an injury epidemic that led to a major league record for players on the disabled list.

Roberts does not set many rules and he rarely calls meetings. He did not gather the players after Kershaw injured his back last summer; he figured it would be demeaning to point out to them the importance of the moment. During the teams one
notable meeting, he let about a dozen players into his office to hash out issues after a tough loss in San Francisco. The caucus held up the team bus for about 45 minutes, and then the participants disseminated the message to the rest of the roster.

Its hard to quantify how that translates to winning the games, Utley said. But when you know the guy in front of you and the guy behind you are pulling for you, it gives you a little more confidence. And at the end of the day, confidence is a big part of success at this level.

Roberts identified communication as crucial to his message. Before the team recalled mercurial outfielder Yasiel Puig from the minors last September, Roberts discussed the impending maneuver with veteran leaders such as Turner, Utley and first baseman Adrian Gonzalez. He wanted the group to understand the decision, and Puig created little controversy down the stretch.

The Dodgers also adjust their culture to accept individual quirks. Midway through last season, the team called up rookie outfielder Andrew Toles. Cut by Tampa Bay in 2015 after clashes with coaches, Toles had been open about his struggles with anxiety. The organization wanted him to feel welcome.

When Toles hit his first home run, teammates rushed to hug him in the dugout, rather than engaging in the ritual of ignoring a rookie after the milestone.

I just believe that the culture is one piece, and its an umbrella, an overview of how you want things to be done, Roberts said. But within that, its so individualized. Each player should be coached, managed differently in regard to their personality. That allows guys to show their individuality underneath the team concept.

When you know the guy in front of you and the guy behind you are pulling for you, it gives you a little more confidence

Chase Utley

The continuity within the group allows the players to feel comfortable with each other. Kershaw runs a ping-pong tournament each spring. He treats the contest with reverence, which offers an opportunity for Gonzalez to torment him. After years of heckling him during matches, Gonzalez pivoted this spring. A couple weeks before departing to play for Mexico for the World Baseball Classic, he hired a company to replace the ping-pong table with a pool table.

The ruse did not surprise Kershaw. And it was not difficult to discern the culprit. Gonzalez delighted in his role.

Kaz, Gonzalez said to pitcher Scott Kazmir as Kershaw walked nearby, what happened to the ping-pong table?

I dont know, Kazmir grinned.

When do you leave again? Kershaw asked Gonzalez.

The ping-pong table returned to the room later in the day, and the pool table was moved across the room. The two tables coexisted in an encouraging example of bilateral diplomacy, a small symbol of clubhouse unity.

This is the best environment Ive ever been around, from top to bottom, Roberts said. By far.

andy.mccullough@latimes.com

Twitter: @McCulloughTimes

Read more:
To get back to the World Series, the Dodgers have focused on ... - Los Angeles Times

Watch: Kim Hye Soo And Joo Ji Hoon Portray Fierce Chemistry In New Teaser And Making-Of Video For Hyena – soompi

Hyena is hyping up anticipation with its new teaser video!

The upcoming SBS dramatells the survival story ofcompetitive lawyers who hold the law in their minds but money in their hearts. Kim Hye Soo plays money-hungry Jung Geum Ga while Joo Ji Hoon plays elite lawyer Yoon Hee Jae.

The teaser starts withKim Hye Soo and Joo Ji Hoonstaring each other down with strong eyes. They fight and quarrel non-stop, and the office becomes a messwith their physical bantering. Then Kim Hye Soo knocks Joo Ji Hoon to the table and lifts him up by his tie. At the end, she clutches onto the back of his head and leans down as if shes going to kiss him. The intense tension between the two creates questions about their relationship.

Check out theteaserbelow!

The drama also released a behind-the-scene video of the two actors posing for the posters.

Kim Hye Sooshowcases Jung Geum Jas signature arrogant smirk as she poses in various bold outfits. In the interview portion, she describes the drama, saying, Although it is a story of lawyers, it is more of a character drama than a legal one. I think it will be interesting to see how the characters face and confront each situation. She also added the characters are witty, charming, and strong.

On the other hand, Joo Ji Hoon poses in a sleek suit that fits his crafty character Yoon Hee Jae. The actor says, Like the drama title, my character may seem like a bad hyena that searches for rotten meat, but in a way, hes also like a puppy.

During the photo shoot together, the two actors professionally portrays brutal chemistry, but once the cut sign is given, Kim Hye Soo gently fixes Joo Ji Hoons hair while Joo Ji Hoons expression becomes relaxed. They discuss the concept with the director and monitor their poses with utmost detail.

Watch the full video below!

Hyenawill premiere on February 21 at 10 p.m. KST.

Source (1)

How does this article make you feel?

Link:
Watch: Kim Hye Soo And Joo Ji Hoon Portray Fierce Chemistry In New Teaser And Making-Of Video For Hyena - soompi

Inspiring toddlers with chemistry – Royal Society of Chemistry

175 minutes for chemistry

Michael Reynolds spent his Time4Chem at his sons nursery in Jesmond, Newcastle, recruiting them as their own research group and getting them involved with science.

On 12 December I went to my sons nursery to do some chemistry-based activities with his playgroup the Dolphin group, aged 2832 months. For one hour they became the Dolphin Research Group.

First I gave each of the children and staff a sticker with the research group logo that they could put on their shirts. I then had some disposable lab coats, which most of the kids wore at some point the stickers and dressing up was a great way to get them excited.

We then did a few experiments that I led with the help of the nursery staff. The first (and what seemed to work best) was playing with red cabbage-dyed paper and squirting it with pipettes of lemon juice or baking soda. The fun happened when they switched solutions and saw it fizzing on the paper. I used filter paper and standard A4 printer paper and the results went home in the form of a chemis-tree bauble.

Picture: Michael Reynolds

Read the original:
Inspiring toddlers with chemistry - Royal Society of Chemistry

Scientists Invent Way to See Fastest Motions of Electrons That Drive Chemistry for the First Time – SciTechDaily

A SLAC-led team has invented a method, called XLEAP, that generates powerful low-energy X-ray laser pulses that are only 280 attoseconds, or billionths of a billionth of a second, long and that can reveal for the first time the fastest motions of electrons that drive chemistry. This illustration shows how the scientists use a series of magnets to transform an electron bunch (blue shape at left) at SLACs Linac Coherent Light Source into a narrow current spike (blue shape at right), which then produces a very intense attosecond X-ray flash (yellow). Credit: Greg Stewart/SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory

Scientists invent a way to see attosecond electron motions with an X-ray laser. Called XLEAP, the new method developed by SLAC will provide sharp views of electrons in chemical processes that take place in billionths of a billionth of a second and drive crucial aspects of life.

Researchers at the Department of Energys SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory have invented a way to observe the movements of electrons with powerful X-ray laser bursts just 280 attoseconds, or billionths of a billionth of a second, long.

The technology, called X-ray laser-enhanced attosecond pulse generation (XLEAP), is a big advance that scientists have been working toward for years, and it paves the way for breakthrough studies of how electrons speeding around molecules initiate crucial processes in biology, chemistry, materials science and more.

The team presented their method December 2, 2019, in an article in Nature Photonics.

Until now, we could precisely observe the motions of atomic nuclei, but the much faster electron motions that actually drive chemical reactions were blurred out, said SLAC scientist James Cryan, one of the papers lead authors and an investigator with the Stanford PULSE Institute, a joint institute of SLAC and Stanford University. With this advance, well be able to use an X-ray laser to see how electrons move around and how that sets the stage for the chemistry that follows. It pushes the frontiers of ultrafast science.

Studies on these timescales could reveal, for example, how the absorption of light during photosynthesis almost instantaneously pushes electrons around and initiates a cascade of much slower events that ultimately generate oxygen.

With XLEAP we can create X-ray pulses with just the right energy that are more than a million times brighter than attosecond pulses of similar energy before, said SLAC scientist Agostino Marinelli, XLEAP project lead and one of the papers lead authors. Itll let us do so many things people have always wanted to do with an X-ray laser and now also on attosecond timescales.

One attosecond is an incredibly short period of time two attoseconds is to a second as one second is to the age of the universe. In recent years, scientists have made a lot of progress in creating attosecond X-ray pulses. However, these pulses were either too weak or they didnt have the right energy to home in on speedy electron motions.

Over the past three years, Marinelli and his colleagues have been figuring out how an X-ray laser method suggested 14 years ago could be used to generate pulses with the right properties an effort that resulted in XLEAP.

In experiments carried out just before crews began work on a major upgrade of SLACs Linac Coherent Lightsource (LCLS) X-ray laser, the XLEAP team demonstrated that they can produce precisely timed pairs of attosecond X-ray pulses that can set electrons in motion and then record those movements. These snapshots can be strung together into stop-action movies.

Schematic of the XLEAP experiment at SLACs Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) X-ray laser. LCLS sends bunches of high-energy electrons (green) through an undulator magnet, where electron energy gets converted into extremely bright X-ray pulses (blue) of a few femtoseconds, or millionths of a billionth of a second. In the XLEAP configuration, electron bunches pass two additional sets of magnets (wiggler and chicane) that shape each electron bunch into an intense, narrow spike containing electrons with a broad range of energies. The spikes then produce attosecond X-ray pulses in the undulator. The XLEAP team also developed a customized pulse analyzer (right) to measure the extremely short pulse lengths. Credit: Greg Stewart/SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory

Linda Young, an expert in X-ray science at DOEs Argonne National Laboratory and the University of Chicago who was not involved in the study, said, XLEAP is a truly great advance. Its attosecond X-ray pulses of unprecedented intensity and flexibility are a breakthrough tool to observe and control electron motion at individual atomic sites in complex systems.

X-ray lasers like LCLS routinely generate light flashes that last a few millionths of a billionth of a second, or femtoseconds. The process starts with creating a beam of electrons, which are bundled into short bunches and sent through a linear particle accelerator, where they gain energy. Traveling at almost the speed of light, they pass through a magnet known as an undulator, where some of their energy is converted into X-ray bursts.

The shorter and brighter the electron bunches, the shorter the X-ray bursts they create, so one approach for making attosecond X-ray pulses is to compress the electrons into smaller and smaller bunches with high peak brightness. XLEAP is a clever way to do just that.

At LCLS, the team inserted two sets of magnets in front of the undulator that allowed them to mold each electron bunch into the required shape: an intense, narrow spike containing electrons with a broad range of energies.

When we send these spikes, which have pulse lengths of about a femtosecond, through the undulator, they produce X-ray pulses that are much shorter than that, said Joseph Duris, a SLAC staff scientist and paper co-first-author. The pulses are also extremely powerful, he said, with some of them reaching half a terawatt peak power.

To measure these incredibly short X-ray pulses, the scientists designed a special device in which the X-rays shoot through a gas and strip off some of its electrons, creating an electron cloud. Circularly polarized light from an infrared laser interacts with the cloud and gives the electrons a kick. Because of the lights particular polarization, some of the electrons end up moving faster than others.

The technique works similar to another idea implemented at LCLS, which maps time onto angles like the arms of a clock, said Siqi Li, a paper co-first-author and recent Stanford PhD. It allows us to measure the distribution of the electron speeds and directions, and from that we can calculate the X-ray pulse length.

Next, the XLEAP team will further optimize their method, which could lead to even more intense and possibly shorter pulses. They are also preparing for LCLS-II, the upgrade of LCLS that will fire up to a million X-ray pulses per second 8,000 times faster than before. This will allow researchers to do experiments they have long dreamed of, such as studies of individual molecules and their behavior on natures fastest timescales.

Reference: Tunable isolated attosecond X-ray pulses with gigawatt peak power from a free-electron laser by Joseph Duris, Siqi Li, Taran Driver, Elio G. Champenois, James P. MacArthur, Alberto A. Lutman, Zhen Zhang, Philipp Rosenberger, Jeff W. Aldrich, Ryan Coffee, Giacomo Coslovich, Franz-Josef Decker, James M. Glownia, Gregor Hartmann, Wolfram Helml, Andrei Kamalov, Jonas Knurr, Jacek Krzywinski, Ming-Fu Lin, Jon P. Marangos, Megan Nantel, Adi Natan, Jordan T. ONeal, Niranjan Shivaram, Peter Walter, Anna Li Wang, James J. Welch, Thomas J. A. Wolf, Joseph Z. Xu, Matthias F. Kling, Philip H. Bucksbaum, Alexander Zholents, Zhirong Huang, James P. Cryan and Agostino Marinelli, 2 December 2019, Nature Photonics.DOI: 10.1038/s41566-019-0549-5

The XLEAP team included researchers from SLAC; Stanford University; Imperial College, UK; Max Planck Institute for Quantum Optics, Ludwig-Maximilians Un
iversity Munich, Kassel University, Technical University Dortmund and Technical University Munich in Germany; and DOEs Argonne National Laboratory. Large portions of this project were funded by the DOE Office of Science and through DOEs Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) program. LCLS is a DOE Office of Science user facility.

More here:
Scientists Invent Way to See Fastest Motions of Electrons That Drive Chemistry for the First Time - SciTechDaily

Billy Donovan: Comebacks have helped the Thunder build ‘chemistry’ – Oklahoman.com

When the Thunder came back from an 18-point deficit to beat the Clippers Sunday, it became one of just two teams that had pulled off four 15-point comebacks this season. The other was the Lakers, led by LeBron James and Anthony Davis.

OKCs 118-112 win over the Clippers extended the Thunders winning streak to four games, and L.A. (22-10) was OKCs staunchest opponent in that stretch. But it wasnt the Thunders largest comeback. The team recorded three of its four 15-point comeback wins in the span of a week. Against Chicago and Memphis, OKC (15-14) trailed by as many as 26 and 24 points, respectively.

Thunder players and coaches have consistently said they dont want to make a habit out of falling behind. But there are benefits to experiencing comebacks.

I think it brings your team closer together, Thunder coach Billy Donovan said after practice Monday. I think it creates a level of belief in one another. It creates a mentality that the group knows that each guy that theyre lined up playing next to is going to give everything theyve got to get back in the game. So, I think theres a chemistry that gets built because of that.

See the original post here:
Billy Donovan: Comebacks have helped the Thunder build 'chemistry' - Oklahoman.com