dear all,
I am new subsciber,
tow days ago I posed a "Question" and received a reply from someone asking for more details, and I don't know how to post my reply to him, I don't find the "reply" bouton or any apropriate hypertext link
I can only see "Rate" and "report" boutons
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difine hart communication protocol and field bus protocol and its application
I spent 43 years in private practice as a “science-based” chiropractor and a critic of the chiropractic vertebral subluxation theory. I am often asked how I justified practicing as a chiropractor while renouncing the basic tenets of chiropractic. My answer has always been: I was able to offer manipulation in combination with physical therapy modalities as a treatment for mechanical-type back pain—a service that was not readily available in physiotherapy or in any other sub-specialty of medicine.
If I had it to do over again, however, I would study physical therapy rather than chiropractic. Considering the controversy that continues to surround the practice of chiropractic, I would not recommend that anyone spend the time, effort, and money required to earn a degree in chiropractic. Physical therapy, which is now beginning to include spinal manipulation in its treatment armamentarium, may offer better opportunity for those interested in manual therapy. Properly-limited, science-based chiropractors are now essentially competing with physical therapists who use manual therapy. Unfortunately, only a few chiropractors have renounced the vertebral subluxation theory, making it difficult to find a “good chiropractor.” I consider physical therapy to be more progressive and more evidence based. For this reason, I generally recommend the manipulative services of a physical therapist rather than a chiropractor.
There are some science-based chiropractors who use manipulation appropriately, but until the chiropractic profession abandons the implausible vertebral subluxation theory and is defined according to standards dictated by anatomy, physiology, and neurology, I would not describe it as a science-based profession.
After my second year in chiropractic college, I came to the conclusion that the chiropractic subluxation theory was not a credible construct. In an effort to separate the good from the bad in the use of manipulation by chiropractors, I published my book Bonesetting, Chiropractic, and Cultism in 1963, renouncing the chiropractic vertebral subluxation theory and suggesting that chiropractors should limit their use of spinal manipulation to treatment of back pain. Over the years, I wrote many articles critical of chiropractic, always suggesting that the definition of chiropractic be changed in chiropractic colleges and state laws so that the next generation of chiropractors would be properly limited. Science-based chiropractors could be separated from their subluxation-based counterparts under a new degree, such as a “Doctor of Chiropractic Therapy” (DCT) or a “Chiropractic Manual Therapist” (CMT). I suggested that it would not be necessary for chiropractors to practice as “doctors”—they could practice as therapists offering non-surgical, drug-free treatment for back pain and related musculoskeletal problems, a new specialty combining use of manipulation with physical therapy modalities. Needless to say, this change never occurred and I was labeled a “chiropractic heretic”—or worse—by my colleagues.
Today, the educational requirements for obtaining a degree in chiropractic have improved. Most chiropractic college applicants now have undergraduate degrees. But the basic definition of chiropractic has not changed. As currently defined by the North American Association of Chiropractic Colleges, “Chiropractic is concerned with the preservation and restoration of health, and focuses particular attention on the subluxation,” indicating that the majority of chiropractors may still adhere to a basic version of the subluxation theory. Few chiropractic college graduates may be able or willing to abandon a belief system they must depend upon for an income.
At the present time, spinal manipulation is still not as readily available in medical practice as it should be, leaving an opening for the services of a good?albeit rare?science-based chiropractor who combines manipulation with physical therapy modalities. But it would be necessary for such a chiropractor to openly renounce the chiropractic vertebral subluxation theory (more of a belief than a theory) and publicly state that his or her practice is limited to care of musculoskeletal problems. Unfortunately, as indicated by the paradigm of the North American Association of Chiropractic Colleges, such chiropractors may be in the minority, even among recent graduates?at least in the United States.
High-velocity, low-amplitude (thrust type) spinal manipulation is not yet commonly used by physical therapists. For this reason, orthopedists and neurologists who are familiar with manual medicine are often willing to refer back-pain patients to a good chiropractor for manipulation as well as to steer patients away from subluxation-based chiropractors. Physicians can often locate good chiropractors by reading their office notes and by talking with their patients.
Most cases of back pain are self limiting, and spinal manipulation is not often more effective than other physical treatment modalities in affecting the final outcome. But in many cases, appropriate spinal manipulation may provide more immediate symptomatic relief than other forms of therapy. And in special cases, thrust-type manipulation may be the best way to restore mobility in spines stiffened by post-traumatic adhesions or locked by muscle spasm and binding vertebral joints. For this reason, benefit may outweigh risk when manipulation is used appropriately in the treatment of carefully selected cases of mechanical-type back pain. But there is no evidence to indicate that upper neck manipulation provides more benefit than risk, considering the risk of damage to vertebrobasilar arteries.
Use of manipulation combined with instruction, massage, physical therapy, and rehabilitation may be the best way to relieve mechanical back pain and keep the patient mobile until recovery is complete—provided, of course, that treatment is based on a correct diagnosis. A science-based chiropractor who works in concert with a patient’s physician can often provide such a treatment regimen—as opposed to solo subluxation-based chiropractors whose primary concerns are locating and correcting vertebral subluxations.
Since the vertebral subluxation theory continues to form the foundation of chiropractic, it seems unlikely that the chiropractic profession will ever abandon the belief that adjusting spinal joints will restore and maintain health. Many chiropractors who say that they reject D.D. Palmer’s subluxation theory simply come up with new terminology that identifies some kind of vertebral joint “dysfunction” that allegedly affects the nervous system, thus interfering with the body’s ability to heal itself. Failure of chiropractic colleges to reject such views and make the changes needed to develop chiropractic into a musculoskeletal back-pain specialty (with commensurate changes in state laws) may simply allow chiropractic to continue as an alternative healing method, such as homeopathy or acupuncture, permitting its practitioners to treat the gamut of human ailments as “primary care providers.” It may then be necessary to depend primarily upon physical therapists for appropriate use of manipulation based on credible research. Chiropractors who can no longer tolerate the controversy associated with chiropractic can retrain as physical therapists, making good use of their training in the use of manipulation. Forty-three states now grant physical therapists direct access to patients; that is, referral from a physician is not needed.
Although I am a critic of chiropractic, I would not hesitate to offer support to a good science-based chiropractor who has separated himself or herself from the herd by expressing views that oppose the implausible treatment methods that are so prevalent among chiropractors. When I was in practice as a chiropractor, I felt an obligation to speak out so that friends, patients, and health-care professionals would not assume that my approach represented chiropractic in general. I worried that a patient who was pleased with my services might assume that treatment by any other chiropractor would be the same. Unfortunately, chiropractic treatment based on the implausible vertebral subluxation theory may be so inconsistent that treatment for any condition may range from an atlas adjustment to a sacral adjustment, all purported to be effective in improving health by removing “nerve interference.” So far, apparently reluctant to bite the hand that feeds them, chiropractic associations in the United States have failed to publicly renounce the vertebral subluxation theory or to condemn the multitude of dubious treatment methods based on subluxation theory.
Today, chiropractic treatment in America is like Forrest Gump’s box of chocolates: “You never know what you’re gonna get.”
Scientific consensus does not support the theory that nerve interference caused by vertebral misalignment is a cause of organic disease. Spinal nerves primarily supply musculoskeletal structures. Organ function is governed by the autonomic nervous system in concert with psychic, chemical, hormonal, and circulatory factors.
The vagus nerve is an autonomic (parasympathetic) cranial nerve that originates in the brain stem and passes down through the neck and thorax to the abdomen to supply organs along its path. Preganglionic autonomic fibers, which pass through spinal segments from T1 thru L2, terminate in sympathetic trunk and splanchnic ganglia located outside the spinal column. Autonomic cranial and sacral nerves pass through solid bony openings.
The vagus nerve along with autonomic ganglia and nerve plexuses provide overlapping sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve supply from many directions to assure continued function of the body’s organs, independent of spinal nerves. This is why a transverse spinal cord injury at the C4 or C5 level can paralyze musculoskeletal structures from the neck down while involuntary functions of organs continue. With this fail-safe mechanism in place, I don’t know of any reason to believe that slight misalignment of a single vertebra or an undetectable “vertebral subluxation complex” can be a cause of organic disease as suggested by the chiropractic vertebral subluxation theory.
Spinal nerves are commonly compressed by bony spurs and herniated discs. Even the most severe compression of a spinal nerve, which may cripple the supplied musculoskeletal structures, does not cause organic disease. The sphincter muscles involved in voluntary control of bladder and bowel functions are supplied primarily by spinal nerves and sympathetic fibers that are well protected in their passage through the solid bony openings that form the sacral foramina.
When there is disc protrusion into the spinal canal, or when there is a space-occupying mass in the spinal canal compressing cauda equina spinal nerves that travel down (from the conus medullaris at the lower border of the 2nd lumbar vertebra where the spinal cord ends) to exit lumbar and sacral foramina, loss of voluntary control of bladder and bowel muscles (most commonly urinary retention) signals a medical emergency that requires the immediate attention of a neurosurgeon.
The implausibility of the chiropractic vertebral subluxation theory does not provide a foundation for a consistent, replicable treatment method. As a result, vertebral subluxation theory has fostered the development of a great variety of antithetical chiropractic treatment methods designed to “remove nerve interference,” many of which do not involve use of hands-on manipulation—such as healing touch or use of a spring-loaded stylus to tap vertebrae into alignment. Such treatment methods are unrelated to legitimate use of manual manipulation in the treatment of back pain and related musculoskeletal problems.
The chiropractic (undetectable) “vertebral subluxation complex” is not the same as a true vertebral misalignment, a true vertebral subluxation, or any one of a number of joint problems that cause mechanical-type symptoms (which can often be relieved by manipulating the spine) but are not alleged to be a cause of visceral disease.
Proper treatment hinges on a proper diagnosis, which, in my opinion, is never a “vertebral subluxation complex.”
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I've downloaded Oracle 8i in my PC and then downloaded Developer2000 in my PC. But I've failed to establish the link between back end and front end tool. One of my friend told me that I had to download the developer first and then the Oracle. Pls tell me how can I establish the link in current condi
what are the problems with fitting in an oversized compressor on an Air conditioning system?
HI,
can someone tell me that what is the most feasible and economical engineering practice to overcome surge pressures in a pipeline system...........???
I bought a Windows 7 laptop with the new Spider Solitare, and I don't like it. I play the four-suit game, and can usually win one out of ten on my XP-based desktop PC.
But the 7 version is awful. I run streaks of 25 or 30 losses at a time. When I clear out the statistics and start over, I c
To Boldly Go Where Ever - If you don't know where you're going, any road will take you there, Elliott Pulham, Space Foundation
"As of yet, there are no commercial systems that can take crew and cargo to orbit and dock with the ISS. There are, of course, several such systems in development. A SpaceX Dragon crew capsule prototype was on display at the 25th National Space Symposium, and we look forward to seeing what commercial solutions are on exhibit at the upcoming 26th National Space Symposium. But financing, testing, regulating, and human-rating such systems will not be easy or inexpensive. Given the scale of investment required, and financial and technical risk that must be assumed, the markets for these systems need to be global, as they are with the commercial aircraft industry, to enable a reasonable return on investment. Yet we're no closer to meaningful ITAR reform that would open those markets."
Keith's note: Thus sayeth the dinosaur. With this kind of defeatist thinking coming out of a major aerospace business organization, one might conclude that American business is no longer up to the challenge of space. Elliott certainly seems to think so. Indeed, he clearly seems to think that the only solution is to have the government run everything, call all the shots, etc. One look at Constellation's technical and funding woes speaks to the inadvisability of this. Which is better, one monolithic approach ("on steroids") with no Plan B, or one that utilizes a variety of approaches, from multiple sources in a synergistic, flexible, adaptable arena?
BREAKING NEWS...
The Senate minority leader has just called Obama's bluff. Obama had been threatening health care would be an issue in November that would benefit Democrats if the GOP didn't join in.
The Christian Science Monitor, and The Examiner are reporting on a late afternoon press conference yesterday by Senate Minority leader, Kentucky Senator Mitch McConnell. The leader made the following vow:
"If this bill is passed, in the next election every Republican candidate will be campaigning to repeal it."
McConnell also mentioned Obama's "$500 billion in new taxes, and $2.5 trillion in new spending."
Carmen Gumina, a local Legislator in Monroe County (western New York), recently switched his party registration to Republican.
From the WHEC Channel 10:
The Republicans increased their majority in the Monroe County Legislature Saturday, despite no elections being held.
At a press conference Saturday morning alongside County Executive Maggie Brooks and Chairman Bill Reilich, Carmen Gumina, a county legislator in Webster, announced he's switching parties and his allegiance, from Democrat to Republican.
This now gives Republicans a 16-13 majority over Democrats.
Gumina cited his fiscal conservatism inconsistent with current Democrat Party beliefs, and his interest in tax relief for his constituents.
How much of your city is concrete and parking lots? It’s probably about 25% which is the ratio in many cities. My city is no exception. There are so many parking lots that stand empty and vast expanses of pavement that it seems ridiculous.  The problem is that many cities were never actually planned — they were just cobbled together as populations grew, businesses sprouted up and zoning changed. Business zoning means large parking lots. Many of them are not landscaped with “greenery” in mind at all.
One major American city is taking on the parking lots and installing mini-parks or “parklets” for people to enjoy. This adds trees and other carbon sinks to cities that badly need them, and it puts some of the land back to use as nature intended.  It’s a true cliche that the earth was never intended to be paved over. Nature abhors a vacuum, and there is no vacuum like a huge parking lot. (Just look at any crack in a parking lot and you will see weeds or grass trying to poke through and grow.) Let’s take our cities back from the pavement lovers and re-introduce some nature with micro-parks, like they are doing in San Francisco (and have done in parts of New York). A greener city is a healthier city too.
Unpaving Paradise . . .
In San Francisco, a handful of parking spaces and public right-of-ways are being remade into mini parks and plazas. Some are lined with trees sprouting from old dumpsters, others are buffered from traffic with large, discarded pipes; inside the improvised borders, tables, small patches of grass and concrete slabs are arranged for seating.
These ‘parklets’ and plazas are part of San Francisco’s new Pavement to Parks initiative, an attempt to transfer some of San Francisco’s public space back to pedestrians.
Mayor Gavin Newsom’s greening director Astrid Haryati recently told the San Francisco Chronicle, nearly 25 percent of San Francisco’s surface is pavement. The Pavement to Parks program aims to change how much of that area is devoted to cars.
This is a fascinating development in the evolution of thought around city streets and who gets to use them. In 2009, New York City took on a similar (yet larger) project — transforming Broadway to be far more pedestrian friendly. . . .
Read more here. I love this idea!
In a related futurism story, 350.org is excited about the future of renewable energy and future Breakthroughs.
You could also work from the other direction: making renewable energy so cheap that it supplants the dirty stuff almost automatically. The Breakthrough Institute and the Truman National Security Project earlier this month convened a collection of groups in Washington, USA to discuss how to build support for public funding for more aggressive research and development spending. The participants included, significantly, Google, perhaps the greatest innovation company on the planet (the 350 campaign anyway seems to run on Gmail, Googledocs, and GoogleEarth), which for [...]
"Health concerns?" or Sex Scandal?
From Eric Dondero:
The official reason is "health concerns." But according to a source inside the beltway, the rumor is something more along the lines of a looming "ethical challenge." Some sources indicate that he may have used very inappropriate language, including "homophobic slurs," against a congressional staffer. Other sources suggested he "made unwanted sexual advances" towards a male staffer.
Irregardless, the sudden "retirement" announcement of first-term Democrat Congressman Eric Massa of New York, has given the Republicans yet another opportunity for a House seat pick-up.
Tom Reed has been the challenger to Massa in this GOP-leaning district. However, one of our sources indicates that another name is surfacing, who'd be an even stronger candidate to secure the seat in the Republican column; that of Monroe County Executive Maggie Brooks.
So far, at least one media source in New York is confirming the rumors. From LoHud.com (Lower Hudson):
Republicans are eying Monroe County Executive Maggie Brooks as a potential contender for the sprawling 29th District, which stretches from the Rochester suburbs to the Southern Tier.
She has resisted calls to run for the seat in the past, but said today in a statement that she is going to seriously consider it.
Brooks issues a statement:
"Since early this afternoon, I have received dozens of calls from my colleagues in Monroe County, across New York State, and in Washington who have asked me to run for Congress now that the 29th Congressional District will be an open seat.
Out of respect for our community leaders and a desire to serve hardworking and overburdened taxpayers, I will give this opportunity serious consideration over the next several days."
Brooks, a former TV anchorwoman, is best known for having led the charge against corruption in county government, including cases of fraud by county employees against local taxpayers.
Load carrying during locomotion in the barnacle goose (Branta leucopsis): The effect of load placement and size.
“Load carrying has been used to study the energetics and mechanics of locomotion in a range of taxa. Here we investigated the energetic and kinematic effects of trunk and limb loading in walking barnacle geese (Branta leucopsis). A directly proportional relationship between increasing back load mass and metabolic rate was established, indicating that the barnacle goose can carry back loads (up to 20% of body mass) more economically than the majority of mammals… Sternal loads up to 15% of body mass were approximately twice as expensive to carry as back loads… Loading the distal limb with 5% extra mass incurred the greatest proportional rise in metabolism, and also caused increases in stride length, swing duration and stride frequency during locomotion. The increased work required to move the loaded limb may explain the high cost of walking.”
Photo: flickr/Daveness_98
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Rand Paul stands his ground
Sanchez: You support him on this, don't you?
Sanchez: Is this a smart move for you... I'm looking at the stats for your state. 10% unemployment in Kentucky. How do you justify to the people of the state of Kentucky where you want to be a senator, that they should um, bite their lip and not do anything... that they may be losing their unemployment benefits as a result of this move by Bunning?
See Part II of the interview here.
(H/t Daily Paul)
While few Republicans in Congress have backed up Senator Jim Bunning's call for Pay as you Go on an extension of federal unemployment insurance, at least one Republican running for a Senate seat has wasted no time in coming to his defense.
From WBKO.com:
Kentucky's junior senator says he's not against unemployment benefits, and he's found an unlikely ally in a man who's after his job.
U.S. Senate candidate Rand Paul agrees with Senator Bunning, that the money for unemployment benefits should come from funds already allocated to the stimulus package.
"And so what he said is," says Paul, "'Take it out of the stimulus package.' And the democrats say, 'No' because they know the perception is it looks like he's against unemployment benefits, but he's already said he would support unemployment benefits. He just wants it to come out of existing allocated money."
Doctor Paul says Senator Bunning is being fiscally responsible, saying "we need to stop the deficit spending," and go back to "pay as you go," something he says Congress previously said it would do.
Meanwhile, there was a confrontation of sorts on the streets of Lexington late yesterday.
From Rand Paul 2010:
Rand Paul supporters in Lexington today dropped in on a contrived Dan Mongiardo protest of Sen. Jim Bunning’s regional office. The Rand fans overwhelmed the event with their numbers and their voices, chanting “Paygo! paygo!” to urge Mongiardo and friends to obey their own federal spending rules.
Before Rand went on CNN this afternoon to talk about why Sen. Bunning deserves support rather than the Left’s derision and anger, grassroots supporters showed why Rand’s campaign based on balanced budgets, term limits, and strong national defense is dominating the U.S. Senate race.
See the video here.
A cache of ostrich eggshell fragments discovered by archaeologists in South Africa could be instrumental in understanding how humans approached art and symbolism as early as the Stone Age. The eggshells, engraved with geometric designs, may indicate the existence of a symbolic communication system around 60,000 years ago among African hunter-gatherers [Discovery News].
At a site known as the Diepkloof Rock Shelter, a team led by archaeologist Pierre-Jean Texier discovered fragments of 25 ostrich eggs that date back 55,000 to 65,000 years. In an online paper published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, the archeologists revealed that the eggshell fragments were etched with several kinds of motifs, including parallel lines with cross-hatches and repetitive non-parallel lines [ScienceNow]. The scientists are confident that the markings are almost certainly a form of messaging — of graphic communication [BBC].
Further study of the fragments revealed that a hole had been drilled at the top of some eggshells, suggesting that the hunter-gatherers could have used them as water containers during long hunts in arid regions, as the Kalahari hunter-gatherers were known to do in more recent history. Scientists estimate that each egg could have held one liter of water. The patterns on the shells, they propose, could have been a symbolic way of acknowledging the individual who used the canteen, or which community or family the user belonged to. For scientists studying human origins, the capacity for symbolic thought is considered a giant leap in human evolution, and [what] sets our species apart from the rest of the animal world [BBC].
These eggshells are not the first items that suggest symbolic thinking among stone age people. Archaeologists working in Blombos Cave in South Africa found engraved red ochre, incised bone and pierced shells that were strung and presumably worn on the body—all from layers dated to 75,000 years ago; three shell beads from Israel and Algeria are said to date to more than 100,000 years ago; dozens of pieces of red ochre–many of which were ground for use as pigment–turned up in layers dating to 165,000 years ago in a cave at Pinnacle Point in South Africa [Scientific American]. But some contrary researchers have argued that early engravings and body decorations may have been done for aesthetic purposes unrelated to symbolism.
Still, Texier says the Diepkloof eggshells are special, because so many fragments were found with similar designs, and because engraving the tough ostrich shells would have been a hard task–showing that the designs were not merely scratched-in doodles. The hunter-gatherers also colored their shells by baking them.
Related Content:
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DISCOVER: The Dawn of Abstract Art
DISCOVER: Learning to Love Neanderthals
Image: P.J. Texier
After enrolling onto my German Language course back in January it seems to have been a long time coming but eventually the 22 Feb finally arrived and off I went with my new pencil case to school hellip. It was just like starting school with new pens new pencils rubber ruler all in a nice new pencil tin itrsquos classified as new if I got it from Ianrsquos work doesnrsquot it.So al
Ok. so we can not wait to leave this hostel haha. very nice people but our rtoom has no window and is so muggy we found out hoe to put the wall fan on about 20 mins ago so we left as soon as we got up We headed for Lantau Island to go and see the Giant Buddha which was amazing. . and inorder to get there we had to go via cable car across steep steep hills looking over the island and getting t
http://www.ArcoProperties.comFAO Theatre Festival is probably the only consistent theatre festival in Panama. Organized by Enrique Kike King it will take place starting March 17th to 24th. The National Theatre Anita Villalaz Theatre at Las Bovedas and La Casona will have several performances from troups from Argentina Colombia Chile USA Mexico and Panama.Tickets around 20 here is the contact
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